TRIVIA

FORCE - Sir Isaac Newton

PRESSURE Blaise Pascal
ENERGY James Prescott Joules
POWER James Watt
ELECTRICAL CHARGE Charles Agustin de Coulumb
VOLTAGE Alessandro Volta
RESISTANCE Georg Simon Ohm
 OBJECTIVES

1. Solve measurement problems involving conversion

of units, expression of measurements in scientific
notation

2. Differentiate accuracy from precision

 Physics is an Experimental Science

Experiments
require measurements, and we generally use
numbers to describe the results of
measurements
 MEASUREMENT
Physics is an Experimental Science

At the heart of any quantitative experiment

in our surroundings and in laboratories is the
performance of operations called
measurements.
UNITS
WHY SI UNITS
QUANTITIES

BASE DERIVED
 QUANTITIES

BASE
 QUANTITIES

DERIVED
LENGTH ACROSS SCALES
SI PREFIXES
SI PREFIXES
CONVERSION OF UNITS
PARALLAX
the apparent shift in position of an object as it is
viewed or observed at different angles.
PARALLAX
the apparent shift in position of an object as it is
viewed or observed at different angles.
ACCURACY VS. PRECISION
 Errors and
Uncertainties

In the quest to understand the world around us, scientists seek to find
relationships among physical quantities that can be measured.

Mr. Ernesto G. Flores Jr.

RSHSR1 Faculty
 Remember

Measurements play a crucial role in physics, but

can never be perfectly precise. It is important to
specify the uncertainty of a measurement
either by stating it directly using the notation,
and/or by keeping only the correct number of
significant figures.
UNCERTAINTY

1.51 + 0.02
True value is unlikely to be > 1.49m or
more than 1.53m
UNCERTAINTY
the uncertainty of a quantity is usually
described in terms of the statistical
concept of standard deviation, which is a
measure of the spread or dispersion of a
set of numbers around their average
value
 UNCERTAINTY
All experimental uncertainty is due to either

RANDOM ERROR SYSTEMATIC ERROR

To reduce the systematic error of a data set, you must

identify the source of the error and remove it.
UNCERTAINTY

1.51 (2)m
The number enclosed in parentheses
indicates uncertainty in the final
digits of the number
FRACTIONAL/PERCENT ERROR

52s + 10 %
Maximum time is not more than 52 seconds
plus 10% of 52 seconds, when we round off
5.2 seconds to 5 seconds
------> Fractional error is (5s)/52
Interpret:
HertzsprungRussell (HR)
diagram is a logarithmic graph
of luminosity vs. surface
temperature T of stars (note that
T increases to the left).
 CARTESIAN PLANE
Sign Conventions:
(+) to the right/upward
Cartesian Plane (-) to the left/downward
DIRECT RELATIONSHIP
Characteristic:
smooth straight line

* x is directly proportional to y
INVERSE RELATIONSHIP
Characteristic:
hyperbola

* y is inversely proportional to x
DIRECT SQUARE RELATIONSHIP

Characteristic:
parabola

y is directly proportional to the

square x
INVERSE SQUARE RELATIONSHIP

Characteristic:
hyperbola

y is inversely proportional to the

square x