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Automatic Plant Irrigation System Report
Automatic Plant Irrigation System Report
A PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED TO-
ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT OF
GYAN GANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES
JABALPUR
Submitted by-
SUMIT KUMAR
ABHISHEK GARG
SHIVENDRA SINGH
KANIKA VISHWAKARMA
SHIVANGI RAJPUT
ABHAY KUMAR BURMAN
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
but approve the project work for the purpose for which it is submitted.
This is to certify that the work presented in the project report entitled
Date:
Sumit Kumar
Abhishek Garg
Shivendra Singh
Kanika Vishwakarma
Shivangi Rajput
Abhay Kumar Burman
TABLE OF CONTENT
1) INTRODUCTION
2) WORKING
- CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION
- COMPONENT LIST
- COMPONENT DISCRIPTION
3) PROCEDURE ADOPTED
- PCB DESIGNING
- SOFTWARE USED
4) APPLICATIONS
5) REFRENCE
INTRODUCTION
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM-
1) BASIC DIAGRAM-
2) POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT-
The circuit presented here waters your plants regularly when you are out
for a vacation. The circuit comprises a sensor part built using only one op-
amp (N1) of quad op-amp IC LM324. Op-amp N1 is configured here as a
comparator. Two stiff copper wires are inserted in the soil containing plants.
As long as the soil is wet, conductivity is maintained and the circuit remains
off. When the soil dries out, the resistance between the copper wires
(sensor probes A and B) increases. If the resistance increases beyond a
preset limit, output pin 1 of op-amp N1 goes low.
For small areas a small pump such as the one used in air coolers is able to
pump enough water within 5 to 6 seconds. The timing components for IC2
are selected accordingly. The timing can be varied with the help of preset
VR2. The circuit is more effective indoors if one intends to use it for long
periods. This is because the water from reservoir (bucket, etc) evaporates
rapidly if it is kept in the open. For regulating the flow of water either a tap
can be used or one end of a rubber pipe can be blocked using Mseal
compound, with holes gets dried, adjust VR1 towards ground rail until
LED1 turns off and relay RL1 is energized. The motor starts pumping
turned along its length to water several plants.
6) Diode (1N4QQ7)
7) Led
9) Water pump
10). PCB
11) Transformer
Component description-
1) NE 555 IC
The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer,
pulse generation, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to
provide time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element. Derivatives
provide up to four timing circuits in one package.
2) TRIG-The OUT pin goes high and a timing interval starts when this input
falls below 1/2 of CTRL voltage (which is typically 1/3 of VCC.
4) RESET-A timing interval may be reset by driving this input to GND, but
the timing does not begin again until RESET rises above approximately 0.7
volts. Overrides TRIG which overrides THR.
6) THR-The timing (OUT high) interval ends when the voltage at THR is
greater than that at CTRL.
7) DIS-Open collector output which may discharge a capacitor between
intervals.
OP-AMP
An operational amplifier ("op-amp") is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic
voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended
output. An op-amp produces an output voltage that is typically hundreds of
thousands times larger than the voltage difference between its input
terminals.
Operational amplifiers are important building blocks for a wide range of
electronic circuits. They had their origins in analog computers where they
were used in many linear, non-linear and frequency-dependent circuits.
Their popularity in circuit design largely stems from the fact that
characteristics of the final op-amp circuits with negative feedback (such as
their gain) are set by external components with little dependence on
temperature changes and manufacturing variations in the op-amp itself.
Op-amps are among the most widely used electronic devices today, being
used in a vast array of consumer, industrial, and scientific devices. Op-
amps may be packaged as components, or used as elements of more
complex integrated circuits.
RELAY
LED
CAPACITOR
TRANSFORMER-
1. LAYOUT PREPARATION
Take the print out of the layout on transparent sheet or butter paper in inverted
format.
Take the impression of layout on clad board using carbon paper or electric
iron.
3. ETCHING
Now dip the clad board having printed layout into the etch solution.
Now we are able to get the required layout printed on PCB in the form of
copper.
4. TESTING
5. DRILLING/PUNCHING
A soldering iron is a hand tool most commonly used in soldering. It supplies heat
to melt the solder so that it can flow into the joint between two work pieces.
A soldering iron is composed of a heated metal tip and an insulated handle.
Heating is often achieved electrically, by passing an electric current (supplied
through an electrical cord or battery cables) through the resistive material of a
heating element. Another heating method includes combustion of a suitable gas,
which can either be delivered through a tank mounted on the iron (flameless), or
through an external flame. Less common uses include pyrography (burning designs
into wood) and plastic welding. Soldering irons are most often used for
installation, repairs, and limited production work. High-volume production lines
use other soldering methods.
Wire Stripper
Wire stripper is used to strip off wire insulator from its conductor before it is used
to connect to another wire or soldered into the printed circuit board. Some wire
stripper or wire cutter has a measurement engraved on it to indicate the length that
will be stripped.
Side-Cutting Pliers
A 4-inch side cutting pliers will come in handy as one of the electronic tools when
one need to trim off excess component leads on the printed circuit board. It can
also be used to cut wires into shorter length before being used. Tweezers Small
tweezers is used to hold small components especially when doing soldering and
de-soldering of surface mount components.