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l-eruannocrra na BtrpeuHara peBonoqiloHHa opraHil 3aqufl
Heno4vunenile u npegarencrBo B peBonoqfioHHara opraHil3aLlilF
Cur'pna, KoflTo cnilpa nopytBilre Ha peBoltollt/oHepa

fienoro xa Anocrona xa ceo6ogara

Bogeuqu Surypra, Kordro uMarorHolueHue KbM Kay3ara 3a

HaquoHanHo ocBo6ox4eHue

[enara Ha He3aBncuMocrra u HacneAcrBoro, Koero

Anocrona na cao6ogara Hu 3aBetqaBa
Bacwn neBcKut
KanbB e HeroBkrflT xr4Bor?

DEHECAHCbT ITPOMEFUI 3aBnHaru Crapiln KoHrilHeHr n

I HeroBvrre LleHHo crtA. Marap il 3aKbcHnna , ra3n npoMflHa
rqocrilra n Ao 3eMilre, noEBnacrHil Ha Bncorara nopra .lt1 +oxa-
ro xaH-xar Pyco roBoprl 3a Bb3nilTaHnero Ha eflrH qoBeK B
cBofl poMaH "EMrAn lAnv 3a Bb3nilTa Hvrero", llancnit, cbc cBoflTa
"lActoptlfl cnaBnto6unrapcKa+", Bb3nnraBa qfln eAilH HapoA.
Knurara Ha cBeroro pcoAn MoHax ce coqil or MHo3nHa 3a
Haqafl o Ha SunrapcKoro Bb3pax,qaHe.
,fleeerHareceril aer 6enexil 6rrnrapcKara ncropnn He caMo c
npeBparHnre ncropnqecKvl ca6utun, Ho w c tA3KnroqrrerHnre
rilqHocru, LlAtATo ilMeHa BbnnbqaBar crpeMexa KbM cao6oga
Ha qfln eAilH HapoA. EgHa rilLrHocr il3nbKBa c Heo6rKHoBeHara
ctAna Ha cBoero Eeno w 3aneqarBa B cb3HaHilero Ha BceKr
6tnrapilH AyMl4 Karo ceo6oga, L{oBe xonrc6we, narp norv3bM,
xeprBor-oroBHocl npilAaeahxn ilM HoBo 3HaqeHile c npnMepa
Ha cBofl xr/Bor. lzlnnero Ha ro3r4 6rnrapraH e Bacun reecrm,
HapeqeH no-KbcHo Anocrora Ha ceo6o4ara, npeBbpHan ce
B cr4MBon Ha 6rnrapcKara Haqilfl. c qenilfl ctA xyrBor tA c
repoilr{Hara cr cMbpr rofi ocraBa BenmK cilH Ha }anrapvta vt
nprHafqflexil KonKoro Ha 6rnrapcKara peBonoqiln B Kpafl Ha
nerBeKoBHoro po6creo, TonKoBa n Ha cBera.
Karua e Bacnn Ieacril Karo qoeer?
 Crg4agaxe na Surapcxara AbpxaBa.

1396 $ Broporo 6urapcxo qapcrBo e 3aBnagflHo or OcnnaHcxara uMneprfl.

1762 I flancurl X HanucBa " lAcropun cnaeRHo6rnrapcxaR".

1837 H Ha 18 onra B rpal Kapnoeo ce pax.qa Bacrn lzleaHos KyHves, HapeqeH no-KbcHo fieecril.

Bacnn :aetpuBa rpero orgeneHile.

Vmnpa 6ar.rlara na 1 4-rogutLu nva Bacvn - lAean Kynvee.

1852 p Bacr,rn KyHuee craBa nocnyuiHilK npil eyfivo cr xa4xr Bacvnuh.

1855-56 [| Bacran yvn e Crapo:aropcKoro KnacHo yrrnnrr4e, Kb4ero 3aBbpuBa ABa Knaca.

1858 $ Hr 25 noevrepra B conorcKr/rfl uaHacrup "Ceerr Cnac" nocnyurHr4Kbr Baciln TleaHoB craBa IflKoH u npneMa
MoHauecKoro upte lzlrHaru fi .

1859 H Ha 7 4exemepn flnosgrecrrnr llawcuh pbKonona ra MoHaxa Wrnatvit :a ilepo4n xon.

1862 [| H" 3 uapr fiepo4nrou lAraaruril 3aMnHaBa sa Eenrpag r nocrbnBa e lltpea 6urapcxa rerilF Ha L C. Paroecxil.

1864 || Ha 18 anpun, Benrr,qen,.[nron leecril orpfl3Ba Kocfire cil n cHeMa pacoro.

1864-66 I Pa6orr Karo yqilren e c. BofiHnroeo, Kapnoecro, Ao Meceq Mapr.

1a66-67 $ Pa6orn Karo yr{rren e Ceaepna lo6pygxa Ao Meceq Mapr.

1867 $ Ot anpiln iqo Haqanoro Ha aBrycr e 3HaMeHoceq Ha qerara Ha llanaraor Xilroe.

Ecenra nocr-bnBa sre Bropara 6tnrapcxa rerilfl B Eenrpag vyvu B cepxaHTcKa uKo.na.

1 868- 69 $ Ieecril npaBil nbpBa o6uxonxa e Euraprn or 1 'l gexemepu go 24 Sespyapr, npil Koffro npoyqBa HacrpoeHuflra B

1 869 [ Bropa o6nxonxa xa fieecxil a Etnraprn or 1 ruara go 26 aeryct, npil Koflro ca ocHoBaHil nbpBilre peBonollvroHHn KoMr4rern.

1869-70 [ flpecrofi e Pyvrrxlr a or 26 aBrycr go 26 nah.

fleecrr craBa qreH Ha 6yrypeqrnfl KnoH na Surapcroro KHr4xoBHo AppKecrBo (5KA) nol Ns 38.

1871 f, Bacr,rn fleecru nocraBn Har{afloro na Brrpeurnara peBonoqroHHa opraHil:aqras (BPO) B cpegara Ha rogilHara.

1872 $ flrarrnr,rrup O6rqr opraHu3ilpa o6np Ha rypcKara nou{a B Apa6axouar Ha 22 cenremepr.

1872 $ fleecril e apecryBan na26 AeKeMBpr4 e KrxpnHcxoro xaHqe.

1873 $ H" 14anyapw e r3AaAeHa cMbprHa nprc-bAa Ha Bacrn Kynvee.

Crc cneqranHa cynraHcKa 3anoBeA na A6gyn Arrc ra 22anyapn cMbprHara npucb4a Ha fleecril e norBbpfleHa.
Ha 18 Seepyapr cMbprHara npilcbla e il3nbnHeHa B oKonHocrr4re Ha roraBaurHa CoSrn. Snuso go Mflcroro Ha
o6eceaHero.qHec ce w3+Vfa naMerHuKbr Ha Bacrn fleecril.

1876 $ 1/a6yxea Anpnncxoro BbcraHile.

Pycxo-rypcxa ocao6o4uren Ha eofi xa.

1878 B Hu 27 nayapu, B nbpBrre AHil Ha Cso6ogara, yMrpa frHa Kyuueea, mafixara Ha fleecril.
Ha 3 rvrapr e nognilcaH CancreQancxnnr MilpeH floroBop.
Ha 13 xcnr e nognilcaH EepnuncrunrAoroBop.

1885 $ CreAraHeHile Ha KHRxecreo Eurapun il lzlsroqHa Pyuenrn na 6 cenreuepu.

1908 H O6nenBaHe Ha Hesasnciluocrra Ha buraprn xa 22 cenremspr.

1946 6 Ua 15 cenremepr Eurapun e o6ReeHa sa HapoAHa peny6nraxa.

il
 )KuBoT, rrocBeTeH B cJry>rcila
HA OTCIIECTBOTO
Crperrexa ruu cno6o4aua6'stlrapcKllf, HaIII{oHarreH 4yx Bacran JIeecKz rrpeBplrqa B cBorr
SunocoSrax. Cnel
KaTOpelraBa, qe MaHacTI4p6T He e MTICTOTO, KOTO My OTpeXqa xvBoTbT, cHeMa pacoTo r4 ce oTKa3Ba oT ,,KpOT-
Ko" cJqnKeHe Ha Fora, noeuafixa no rpbHJrLtBLrArr:sT Ha peBoJlroqrroHepa B vMero Ha Kay3ara Ha Harlr4oHitrrHo-
ocno6o4rarenHoro ABIlxeHI4e.Taft:aataopraHl,rcaqlzr, Korro rofi cre4ana, npeAfroJrara Bbopbx{eua6op6asa
oceo6oxAaBaHe na1ttrapwre I4 c63AaBaHe Ha He3aBrrcllMa AbpxaBa.
,{annonu4eH 14 TaJraHTJrHn, ArocroJra Ha
ceo6o4ara o6o6rqana orII4Ta Ha peBonroqlroHuoro ABIDKeHI4e Ao ro3r4 MoMeHT rr rrpbB ocb3HaBa neo6xo4urr,roqma
or npeABapnrenHa floAroroBKa sa oceo6ox{AeHl4ero Ha poAr4Hara rrpe3 cb3AaBaHero Ha peBonroq[oHHr4 KoMvre-
ru. Jleecxu BflpBa 4orpafi B yc[exa Ha cBoero AeJro I4 B cI4JII,rre :aaGwrapvte caMr4 Aa rrcBoroBar cro6o4ara cz.
flponoergBahrreflTa3a "cB{Ta vqncrapeny6rura",3a 4bpxraBa,BKorrro Bc}rrrKr,r "ga6rgarHarrbjrHo cno6o4nu
TaM, rAero xr4Bee 6rnrapznrr
- e Elrrrapus.,Tpatux, Maxe4ouzx".

SygHVtAr flyx Ha Bb3pox[eHcKara enoxa

Cun na 3aHaffTqraq or
Brrpox4encrco Kapaono
Beclu rc,qgoB KyITTIEB e po4eH Ha 1g rcflil (6 ronra crap 6y4noro cb3HaHue v qvcrt4+f crpeMex KbM He3aBtacl,4-
qun) 1837 era Brspoxgercxo Kapnoeo u or paHHo fler-
r. Mocr ca KaqecrBara, Kol4ro 3ApaBuflr 6tnrapcxn gyx sanara
crBo e 3aKbpMeu c 6tnrapcxoro B HeroBara uah-rtucta n e fleecxu.
Bb3Bl4ueHa $oprraa. Bropo 4ere e cemeficreoro Ha l4eaFt neecrh ilMa no-ronflMa cecrpa - flHa (nnra Ana) il ABaMa no-
KyHvee lzlaauoe il lnHa Bacmesa Kapausanoea, rofi etnnr- manrra 6parn - Xpracro l,4eanoe Kynvee u llerup [z,leanoe Kyxvee.
qaea cemefirun 6ygen 4p< il npeAnpreMqueocl xapaKre- l1o4o6no r.ra lleecxil, il Heroeilre 6parn ce npucbefluHflBar KbM
peH KaKro 3a poga ua 6au1a ruy (Btruoeqra), rara u ua uafira peBonoqiloHHoro flBilxeHile. Xpucro yvacrea ete Bropa 6un_
ruy (Kaparaeanosqn).3auanrur u rbproBuflra na rapcKa nerilF e Eerrpa4 a flerup e cpe4 uerHuqure na Xpucro
4pe6Ho ca
ceMeeH noMnHbK npeAaBau.l ce oT noKoneHue Ha noKO_ 6oree, rouro ycnRear4a rr6ernar cMbprra il no-KbcHo yqacrBa ^ Oororpaonfl Ha luHa tlBaHoBa
KyHqeBa - uaixara sa Anocrona
neHhe, Ho Hapeg c roea 6naropo4crBoro, Mr4llocbpAilero, e oceo6ogurenxara sotll{a, e 6oeaere npu lJJunxa.
ua ceo6o4ara.

fggK6WK*

POfl HOT1O M9 C,TO,HA'.A'n OCT'OR.A

Bacun l4saHoe Ky-Huee e po,qer.r a,Kapnoao - ManKo rp6gyq B nolrre na .
cer$er4ctea.ng roBa BpeMe;
Crapa nttaHuHa. fulecrononoxqHnero..Ha rpaAa AaBa orpaxeHug HO:r4Ko- .
t<ouro. o6r,rx"oeer*o, ,iinnu,
HOMhKaTa; 6rra ra 4yureenocTla Ha KapnoBui4: .
. noB_ege oT.5-6,Aeqa. .: .,.
Merusr xnNMat n uso6rnuiero Ha BoAa c'b3AaBar ycnoBhn 3a pa3Bun4e, :., :rpagrl 3aeMa, Bogeu{o
Ha 3eMeAeflugro il.MHoXeCTBO 3aHanTl4..MeCIHOTO HacelleHue OrrrexAa. .:MrcTo.nOnpgil3BOAcTBOHa
ocHoBHo .po3y, naBaHflyra u MeHTa, KaTo npou3BexAa*rale qrepraltltti,.iuaijla .. tafireiH.B
Ocmancrara ratrne_
ca il3BecTFt.l4 B qffara Ocuaucrara nuriepraa il, g Espona. uJn.poKo e pa3Bilro ., . pun a ngBeqe.or r B nepr,ro4a I 9!l-ligOj,r-:'rjpnoeo r{ocr,lluuero
60 000 oxu
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,[pyrara qair or rpax4aHrrre ca.rs6;1ss1rrt, B rpaga npoqt0rqaar,a6a- ' lzl.ean.-. 6oropoe ]onpe.Eenn
lzlean- ForopoB onpeAeni
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E Typcxoll
HaBnu3aHero Ha npoMilujneHocrra B.Haqafloro ria.XlX e. rpa,quraanoueaga 3aluoreanero'ila xopaTa..,qaBa Bb3MOXHOCT Aa nOMUCJIflT n 3a HlDt(-
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3a noflBa ua uaurrrfqnypHo npoh3BoAcTBoi C'ilHo ce pa3B.uBa iaproBilfTa, , I .,nng4Ha cncTe14a. ":;" s la6poeo, ocHoBaHo
CIeA. nrpsoTo.B3ar.MHo lyqun!4qe
a KapnoBcK!4T rbproBqt4 ciabaT r3BecTHt4 e qqna E8pona. .npeg 1835'f-, B Kapnoeo, e uoea.crpa4a,.oreapn eparu cBercKo
B3auM.Ho
Btsxo4ur xa janaRrnre u.TlproBurra BoAl4 Eo:3aMorBage Ha fpaAoBere .. yqr4trru{e. Yyrarenar. Eparlxo
XaA;li.rreu.oe, opranu:rapa nbpBara yqil-
or ABere crpailr Ha. 6arKaHa, KtM Cpe.AaTa Hai xlX e.,sanoqaa, ra6enen{are_, nuu{Ha.6v6rlwaleKa; t 3nor3BaHa
.fi or r:paxganrare na Kapnoso, Rper
neH pa3llBer ebe ecnvril,o6racrn * l4KoHoMtltKa..Kynrypa; 6rar Toea cie. 1 846,r..q yunreaEr Xprrlcro.f]qnBact4neB orKpl4Ba nb.pBoro
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yr{14- AeBuqecKo
fl aBa. ycnoBr4r .:a peuorpaScrra 6pa, :xaparxrepei sa Bcnu(u 6tinra.pcxra fl14rrle B rpaAa.
 ly'ean Kynuee e cnoco6en gpe6er rauanrvun, matTtcrop a
6on4xlrricreoro n e nafi-paleurilr 3aHaflT il ocHoBeH noMil-
nrx na Kaproso no oHoBa BpeMe - ratirrangxnticreoro. C
roea rori ycnnea 4a ocrarypn po6bp, MaKap il cKpoMeH AoxoA
ga ceuefrcrgoto cu.
flpe: 30-re roAuHr4 Ha XIX e. ganoqea pa3Btlruero Ha
TeKcrunHara tt+Aycrpt A e Etnrapun, npil Koero Mauil-
HilTe nocTeneHHo l43MecTBaT 3aHaflTquilTe. ToBa e il
BeponTHara npnquHa 6aqara Ha Jleecxil Aa u3naAHe B
3arpy4HeHne. 9ecren, 6naropo4en u cnpaee4lua, lz1ean
Kyuues rexxo noHacfl cnorertlnara ro 6ega, par6olnea
ce h yMupa nper 1851 r.
Jfto6o:nareJrHocrra Ha MaJrxrrr Bacu,l
llpea '1845 r. MarKuflr Bacm nocrunea B KapnoBcKoro
xmuftuo yrrunuule. Ha cnepeaqara roAuHa ce npeMecrBa
BbB BanMHoro yqhnilqe, KbAero yqu gee rogunur. Cne4
cM'bprra r.ra 6aqa cu roti e npuHy4eH Aa ocraBu yqeHu-
ero, Ho xaxAara 3a 3HaHilF B Hero ce 3ana3Ba. Ertgequnr
Anocrol na cso6ogara uMa MHoro cilneH ilHTerIeKT n cno-
co6xocru 3a yqeHe, c Kouro il3nbKBa npeg 6parnra
Oqe e rarr paHHa Bb3pacr Jlegcxu noragsa
nrc6olnatelnocr vr crpeMex K'bM 3HaHufl. Bcuvro roea,
nprApyxeHo c Lr3KnoqilTenHo rpy4ono6ue ra 6naropo4-
CTBO B OTHOUeHilFTa My C XOpaTa, rO OTnUqaBa oT
BpbcTHr4qr4 tA Apytvre KapnoBcKl4 MnaAexil.
Maxap ve ocraBfl yqhnuulero, Ieecxil He h3ocraBfl Hay-
Kara 14 craBa peAoBeH qilTaren na 6u6ruorexara Ha KaproB-
cKoTo B3auMHO yqr4nuqe.
- PoAocroBHoro AbpBo Ha ,leBcKh.
3AMOHAIUBAHETO HA BACI4N TEBCKI4
3al,roHagraaHero Ha Jleecxil e gHaqnM aKr B oHa3il ro4unur, ro o6eqaHilero Ha Byil ro My Aa rc il3nparr1
enoxa, B Korro penurno3Hocrt?l Ha 6tnrapuna e Ha yqeHne a Pycnn rara u He ce ocbqecrBnea. ToBa
cepno3eH xprareprari 3a HetoBoro cbqecrByBaHe il npeArcBuKBa HeAoBoncrBoro KaKro Ha camuR Bacul,
Haqr4oHanHo caMoonpegennHe. Bytiuoro na 6r'Ae- TaKa ,r Ha rvraftxa MerEy nea u xag;xra Bacnnrti
nny.
qun Anocron, h3BecreH c MoHauecKoro ct4 ilMe Bb3Hl4KBa cnop, e xofito ce HaMecBar 14 oclaHanl4Te
Bacrnrafi, urpae Bil(Ha portn B HeroBoro AyxoBHo pognraHu. TurJ racra Baom 4a crate non, Karo npelln
cb3pnBaHe, gtgnhraeafixil to B xpl4crrlnHcKh Ayx t/ roBa ce oxeHh, a ayfivoro - rofi ga ce noKatryrepn u
nogronnrirru ro:a caoft qtproeen npneMHilK. cneA BpeMe Aa noeMe HeroBara cnpx6a. Cnoptr ce
Cunroro xeJlaHhe na luna Kytueea cuHtr ta 4a ypexna Ha poAHilHcKr4 cbBel KbAero Ha AHeBeH peA
nonyvra 4o6po o6pa:oeaxue u Qarrul qe rfl He pa3- ce nocraBr Bbnpocbr ra 6bgeLqero na Bacltn Kyn-
nonara c HyxHilTe cpeAcTBa 3a ToBa, R npnHyr1Aa- uee. Mna4rlnr Bachn aaRafiBa, qe qe npueMe MoHa-
Bar Aa norrpcl4 Apyr uavn* flper 1 852 r. rn ro sogu ulecKu caH, aKo Byfrqo My ro rcnparil BeAHara Ha yqe-
npr'r 6par cra. f,epomonax xagxra Bacnnufi, nsnoeefl- nr,re e fucran. flogcrpurBaHeTo My 3:l MOHaX Cftl,Ba Ha
nur s Kapnoeo u oKonilffrat, c yroBopKara Mnage)Kbr cneABaqiln rqeH cflqA cbBera - 25 noervrepu 1 858 r.,
e Conorcrnn MbxKil MaHacrilp, Bacun craaa gnrox
Aa My noMam, a rovr ga ocrarypr,r reroeoro o6paso-
eauue. Hamepenunra ua aytlvoro ca Aa uMa HeAex- il npheMa MoHauecKoro nueVlruarufi. flper cne4-
AeH noMou.lHr4K xofrro nocrenesuo Aa ro 3aMecru B &qara roAHHa rot)t e puxononoxeu a fiepognro*
cra. Aetara My. flo onoea epeue e o6uuailuo KaHAuAa- cru caH. Xileorbr my o6aue ne ce npoMeHr cbqecr-
rontlMa THTe 3a MOHacu Aa nocrbnBaT Karo nocjlytljHl4t{tl B seHo u l4rHarhri npoAbnxaBa Aa c4il(td npra ayr,ruo
MaHacrup, KbAero xhBefr u ce Bb3nilTaBar B crpom cr,r, xofiro or ceon opaHa ce HaAflBa prlilHala Ha exe
cpqa, Iareq or poAHl,tHt4 lt cBercKt4 o6na:xut, tt AHeBr4ero t,t LlbpKoBHoro cJu/)KeHe Aa orraxar Bacrut
npI cypoBa AhcqhnnhHa. or xenaHhero yvenue a $rcrn.
3a
HeroBuTe
Ttfi raro HeroB A)D@BeH HacraBHuK e ayfivo t'ty, fleecrn ocuaHaBa, qe Meqrara My u{e ocraHe He
Bacrur Kynuea He ornBa B MaHacrltp. flocnylnn- rcnuHeHa, a h KaKro caM Ka3Ba: "He npurexaeam
qecrBoro Ha pHouara npornqa ceo6ogxo a Kap- a3 BchtrKWTe KaqecrBa Aa craHa ranyrep!'i Y uero ce
noeo u Crapa 3aropa, c nocrorHHt4 KoHTaKTn c 3apax(qa nAenra Aa ce nocBeril Ha Buclrlara Kay3a Ha
6nvzwn npilRTeJllr. ceo6o4ara Ha oreqecrBoto cil. Ileecril npaBu ro3r4
Ileecril e nocnyuHhK B npoAbnxeHr4e Ha uecr rl6op u orgasa xuBora cil B Ha poguHara.
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 lAepogfiKoH lArnarnfri
B"rugHnero Ha xaAlKI{ Baclr,urfi
flpp,: tssz r BACun craBa noMolt1Hr4K Ha syrlvo cra
xa4xr Bacrnrrir - ruonax tA raKcvt1tlor (ct6rapav na
n ogan H lrn) ua Xunenga p cKrAn MaHacrnp. Mna4exrr
e c syrZvo ctA npv o6nxonxure B KapfloBcKara
!)D(oBHa o<onvfl u a llnoegrecKara enapxilf , rptA>KVt
ce 3a KoHF 14 U3nbnHgBa pa3nilqHil Apytv 3a4aqu.
Byivoro ro yqr Ha qbpKoBHtl rpe6ra (cnyx6u) vt o6e-
ulaBa Ea ro r3nparil AayqvePyr-:'u,n. MarZrara, lraHa
KyHveaa, cilnHo xenae Bacran 4a craHe cBeuleHilK
vttAyqvren, rti xaro roBa ca oco6eno yBaxaBaHil Ll
c TonFM o6qecreeH aBropr/rer npo$ecrara.
liorpara eyiluo leecxr o6qyea c MHoro il pa3-
cttt
rhLlH14 xopa - 3aMoxHr4 rnr no-MaflKo c-bcToflTenHil, Ho
o6paaoeaHr il noqreHfl, c onpeAeneHa xynrypa. Xa4xra
Baotnuttt ro BbBexAa B cpe4ara Ha roraBauHara 6tn-
rapcKa rlHTenilreHqilfl, KoFTO Ce OTHaCfl C yBaXeHUe
KbM nocnyuHr4Ka u noMotlHr4Ka Ha noqilTaHilF MoHax.
tlpe: 1855 r. xa4xu Bacnnr'tit e il3npareH e Crapa
3aropa, a c Hero 3aMilHaBa u nreMeHHilK'br My.
XagxNnra 3anilcBa Baciln e crapo3aropcKoro KnacHo
yqhfir4ule/ Kbgero fleecxrl ce ornr4qaBa c rornMa
,r to6osHaren Hocr n Bneqarn ilTefl eH xa pa xrep. TorZ ne
rupnra o6rrr4a u HenpaB4a t,{ il3nbKBa c nocronHcrBo,
rB-bpAocT il peuilTe'lHocT.
J1'rouuo flonpr{ue
Creg xaro Bacrn saetpu.rBa Bropn xlac, eyfivoro
Bacvnwh ra laua KynueBa Bb3Hr4KBa cnop. Ieecxu e
ocraBeH caM Aa llr6epe cBoF nbr B xnBora. Tora ce
tai
cbrflacrBa Aa ce noKanyrepil caMo aro eyfivo rvy ro
u3nparil gayunePycua.
He cauo xenaHilero 3a o6pa:osauue, Ho r Bb3nilTa-
Hilero/ Koero nonyqaBa or eyrlvo cr, xaparlleecxu ga
npneMe MoHauecrBoro. Ulecrre roAnHu xfiBor Karo
nocllyruHr4K B qbpKoBHa cperqa cbulo oKa3BaT BflrlrHile
Bbpxy HeroBoTo peueHrre.
Ha 25 Hoervepu 1858 r. B conorcKt4ff MaHacrup
"Ceern Cnac" r,ttna+naT nocnyu.lHr4K Bacun lzleaHoe
e noAcTpilraH 3a MoHax -,qFKoH, il npileMa ilMeTo
Vlraarrttit.3a Heroe AyxoBeH HacraBHnK or MaHacrnpa
e onpeAefleH rlepovronax Kvtpvn Pvncna. ,{nxon
lArnarnh cny+<n B KapnoBcKara ct6opna vepxea "Ceera
6oropo4rar1a" il cMarZea KapnoBllt4 cbc cvnHVA ctA tA
KpacrB rnac. llpea cJreABaulara ToAuHa llnoe4necxnnr
Mr/rpo non ilr llavcuit ro ptKonona ra :a fi e po4n xon.
Xnaorbr Ha flescru o6ave npogrnxaBa B crapnn cyt
pnruu. Tori xfiBee B xilaeHAapcKr4fl Merox, npo4-bnxaBa
^ ApxhMaHAptrr xapxv Bacv,nuu
ga pa6orr npra ayrivo cra v Aa cnyxvl B xpaMa. KapariBaHoB.
Mragrnr rZepo4nKoH ce nocBeulaBa Ha qbpKBara il AaBa
o6er Ea qenoM-bApile, 6egHocr r,l
nocnyuJaHile/ Ho xenaHreTo 3a
yqeHe fi yClrBbpUeHCTBaHe OCTa-
_i
ear. Xagxu Bacvnvil ce HaAflBa, .,:i: .:
r1.,.$,,f,,*} S
qe MoHauJecKilflT xr4BoT Ule yfacll ' -:stt,,
MvrpcKilTe MeqTr r yBneqeHilF /
yt2 11.

,13npaula MnaAVA noclyruHytK Ha eAHoroAilrueH Kypc

Ha MIaAeXa, il fo Bb3nilTaBa B : &!r !.r 't FaF
3a cBeuleHilLlvL orKptAT e Crapa 3aropa or yvuren+
Ayx Ha 6narovecrue, cMilpeHile
no ncarrilKa AraHac lzleanoe. MnaAextr npileMa roBa
fi nocnyuJaHile. B crpqero Ha
3a qacT oT l43tpaxAaHeTo yl ycbBbpueHcTBaHeTO Cfl
Bacur o6aqe 6yuyea orbHflr
Karo nt4LlHocr. Heroeara Mellra e Aa y\tvt e pyatta w
Ha HenpilMLlpilMocTTa, a B cb3-
3aroBa ce cto6pa:nea c Bct/trlKvt pa3nopexgaHun Ha
xagxu Bacrnnrl. B ceeqenrvecKiln Kypc Bacun ce yvm
HaHileTO My - Mt/icbnTa 3a eAHa

c ToflflMo cTapaHile u Blafa MHoro cr,ut4 il eHeprilff.

pa3nilqHa Mucua. foil 3ana3Ba
cBoRTa TBbpAOCT r/ peuilTenHocT.
fvpctttrl ppyrn B-b3MoxHocrrt ga ce o6paaoea Aon-bnHil-
relHo t4 qere c yBneqeHue MHoro KHnrr4 or 6n6rutorc-
Kara Ha crapo3aropcKoro rluraflilt4e. Toea ctLqecraeHo
O6pa:rr Ha AyxoBHr{Ka
pa3uilprBa Kpbro3opa n o6orarsea ilHTeneKra My.
JIeecKu
B 4p<oenoro nonpilule rleecxil ilMa cepilo3Ht4 fleecrr,r rpbrBa no nbrff Ha
ycnexr. Oqe s Kapnoeo e eAilH or narl-4o6prare neBqri MOHaUeCTBOTO He CaMO 3apaAil
B LrepKoBHl4flxop. B xopa Ha yqilrerfl Arasac lzlaanoe HanbrcrBr4flTa Ha cBoF eyhuo,av 4'z\ -t-
roi pa:erea il ycbBbpueHcrBa neBqecKure cn cnoco6- nopaAil $axra, ve or Hafi-paHuo
nocru. KpacNerRI, MouleH u 6orarreHop, xofiro npnre- AercrBo rofi e:axrprvreH c Xprac-
xaBa/ My npeABeqaBa rolnuo 6tgeule Karo AyxoBHytK. ToBara Bflpa. Heroeara cecrpa
3aelpurea Kypca Karo n"bpBeHeq, cBucoRVt noxBanil or
MrTponollnflTa.
flHa Haqoea onilcBa B cnoMeHr4-
Te cn, qe MarKilFT Bacun c rure-
pec non!4Bar penurilo3HilTe pa3-
&
Haupa:Hure o6eulaHrlq Ha Byfirroro Ka3il Ha 6a6a cv. B rarue MoMeHr
"ovure uy ga6necrseanil raro
llper 1 858 L XaAXil Bacvnvfi ce 3aBpblqa e Kapnoeo, errneuu'i a Ayuara My npexilBfl-
a c Hero e il ABaAecerro4uwHnflr fleecrn, rorlro oqe eana "Heqo Heo6ilxHoeeHo'l
uaxa eyrlvo rvry Aa ygbpxl/ Ha o6eqaHuero cu.Bacunwh Or 15-roguutHara cu Bb3pacr
o6aqe uua Apyril nnaHoBe il He 6up:a ga v3nt,nHvt Ieecxil e o6yuaeaH or He6eg-
AyMara cil, a roBa pascrpofiea MnaAilfl nocnyuHr4K. il3BeCTHt4FT KapnOBCKil neAa-
Byrlvo rvry HacroflBa rorTt 4a ce noAcrpilxe 3a MoHax, ror r LlbpKoeeH ncanr ParitHo
npeAil Aa ro il3nparu Aa yqn e Pycna. Mex4y xagxlt llonoeilq. 3a 4a yceor ypollilre
 Fn6mrorera Ha cnoMeHI,ITe
nucMEH 14 143 BO P t4

3a xileora n gefinocrra ua Anocrona na ceo6ogara qepnilM cBeAeHilF
or nucMeHilTe il3ToqHilqil. romro totl ocraBfl cneA ce6e cu. B rgx ca onu-
caHil pa3nilqHh Qaxna, nocpegcrBoM Kolrro par6raparvre_or KaKBo ce Bbn-
HyBa KaKTo qoBeKbr Ieecxu, raKa u peBornqlloHepbr fleecru. 6naroga-
peHile Ha il3KrroqilTerHaTa My opraHil3ilpaHocT HHe cTaBaMe cBVAeTeil
Ha rpaHEHo3HxTe My ntaHoBe, HecraHgapTHilre npo3peHus tt tvtnoro6-
poriHure My Aeta. Baciln fleecxn ocraBff KparKa aero6uorpaQr'rA B crv-
xorBopHa Qoprvra, B Korro onilcBa cBofl qerHilqecKil nephoA: yqacrhero
a, u nop"iru 6rrnrapcra nervl vt B qerara ua flaxafior Xilroe raro sHa-
MeHoceu. Blnpexu qe e HanrcaHa B crl4xoBe, aero6raorpa$uflTa He npil-
rexaBa xa.{ecrsara Ha xyAoxecrBeHo npoil3BeAeHile, Ho npegaea 6ora-
Tara EyueBHoct na Anocrona il norBbpxgaBa 6eaxparlnara My cMerocr
xeprBororoBHocr B uMero Ha po,qrHara. flpegnolara ce, qe e HanilcaHa B
KpaR Ha 1867 r.vrnvtB Ha'raroro na 1868
Orxpur e v Nxo6tnat 6enexHnx xa fleecril, xofiro gaea un$opuarlnn aa
o6uxonxutervty n3 crpaHara Mexgy 1871 - 1 872 r.EeneNHHKbr c'bgbpxa pa3-
geriruocr. OceeH roea Anocrona onhcBa cbBecrHo 3a KaKBo ca noxapqeHn
HapogHmre napr, nr4ue.ou{e 3a cKpoMHl/re ch Bl4xgaHut orxoctto o6lex-
noTo, npeAnoqvtra{Vqra ct4 KbM pa3nnLlHt4 xpaHrl, a Hal4-BAbxHOBeHO e OnU-
caHo BreqeH4eTo My K'bM HapoAHhTe necHil ,l peBonoquoHHaTa noe3hfl'
{enxra caegenrt qepnuM u or nilcMara Ha Ieecrrl, aApecnpaHu Ao
BrlAHu HeTOBU Ctparnnqta il c'bBpeMeHHhqtt, go 6unrapcKl4n peBonpqh-
oHeH qeHrpaneH KoMvtrer (6PqK) e 6yr<ypeu1 unn Ao pa3nuqHh KoMilrerh
e Errnraprn. flucuara ca ilcrl4HcKo 6orarcreo,3ano3HaBau.l4 nr c rutaqa6-
Hmre 3aMucnil Ha peBonoqnoHepa il AoKyMeHTupau.lh l43yMrlrenHaTa My
eiepnavnocr u xeprBororoBHocr Ao ce6eorp.mqatue B ilMero Ha HapoA-
noro oceo6oxgeutae.
14 !o nac Aocrnra h nilcMeHara KnerBa, xoRro Anocrona nofiara npeA
O6rqoro crr6paHvre e 6yryper4 npea 1872 r., yn-bnHoMol4aBau{a ro Aa oc'b-
u{ecrBflBa gerZnocrra cm B Llnna Suraprn.
Bcnxa crpaHrqa or 6eaqenHoro AoKyMeHTanHo HacnegcrBo, Koero
HLr ocraBfl Bacur fleacxil, e nponilTa c pogonrc6ue, a BcrKa h3BrBKa Ha

rlrqnu Saxrn, pa3Kp[Baqm opraHu3aropcKara u u4efi no-nonilTilqecKara My noqepKa pa3KpfiBa cmnaTa Ha xapaKrepa My.

- 0axcuvnle sa aero6rorpa$rrra
HaAnocrona, KoflTo ce cbxpaHflBa B
Haquoranuara 6r6niloreKa "CB. cB.
Kuprn r Merogni" a rp. Co$un.
i:
no rpaMorHocr, Mna4ex'br l43yqaBa EeaHrenileto u
flocnaHrRra Ha anocrortt4re. llper 1855 r. xa4xr Ba-
atrnnit u fleecxil 3aMilHaBar la Crapa 3aropa. [lper
ro3n nepiloA (1856-1861 r.) y Bacrn ce Qoptuupa
xpvrcn4flHcKr4flT My Ml4porneA, orroraBa Aarilpar il
6orocnoecxilre My 3anilcKt4, HanpaBeHil no pycKt4
m3Bopr4 - "Buee4euue e o6nuqvtrenuoro 6orocno-
eile". B ro3il Heil3AaAeH rpyA rorl o6puula ronflMo
BHnMaHre Ha "6esroHe.rHoro npeilMyulecrBo Ha
3anoqBa noAroroBKara Ha BbopbxeHa 6op6a, fleecxra
He cnilpa Aa ce Monil 3a ycnexa Ha cBoero 6eno. Ha
npeAHara Kopilqa or BbrpeuHara cTpaHa Ha HeroBhF
Senexunr c ranrrrrpa$crra 6yxer e v3nvcaua MonilrBa.
B nncuoro cm go vop6a4xrrr [eHqo Mnnuoe or Kap-
noeo rofi rasea: "Voeex e 6narocnoeeu or 6ora ga
6tge rocnogap c Bcr4trKilre cil npaBa, n or Sora uy ce
Harara nbpBa An-bxHocr, Aa Milcnh :a Hapoga cn... ly'
e EeaHrenueto Hanil Ka3Ba: goeeue! Tpn6ea pa pa6o-

'/.,7-ot, xpr4crr4fHcKaTa perilrilf npeA ApyrilTe penvfnvt tA TillU 3a HapOAa Cn AO CMbpT 14 BCt4qKo Aa xepTBau.i 3a
Ha npaBocnaBHoro tl3noBeAaHile npeA ApyrilTe il3- sero. Axo rr yMpeu, Hanv t4 Aa sa re6 ce pa:nnax!'1
noeeganrn". Cuqo rara o6pa:oearenHoro t4 HpaB- Cnope4 leecxil o6errr Aa cfiyxl4 ua Eora, xofiro
crBeHoro eu:geficrene Ha npaBocraBHara xpilcrl,4- AaBa npr AfKoHcKoTo cn p'bKononoxeHile, HaMhpa
7',1 r flHcKa peflilrr4n, yqeu.la Ha nrc6oe xtu 6nrxHr'tR u Ha npFK r43pa3 B cnyxeHilero Ha HapoAa. lzlnepeceu e
?."fA.et AyxoBHa M'bApocr. Qarrur, qe HailMeHoBaHilero "gaxou" B npeBoA or
Tegu:anrcxvr r43BeAHbx pa3KpnBar npeg Hac eAilH rpbllKl4 o3Haqa Ba " cnyxnTen".
l'a *a ."2t 11
pa3nnqeH o6pa: Ha Anocrona Ha ceo6ogara. llocpe4-
crBoM rflx HayqaBaMe, ve 4tn6oro B Ayuara Ha peBo-
)/autt ntoLlr4oHepa, repon, narprora ce Kpue XprcroerR yve-
*o6- t HilK c HenoKnarilMara cil penilTilo3Hocr n anpa e Eora.
, I . ; : i. :2
,-.! ! ln
iq.i4r' ;t4t ;:!9f {:*ili,i .,,{4F.+1i * ;; :

^*'?a:-o,
rr i. 1' ll: i3 :--

Cneg xaro e pbKononoxeH ra tlepognxoH, Ieecrvt

3anoqBa cBoeTo cnyxeHe Ha HapoAa nbpBo c MonilT-
,-o-6r;-)r*^ ea. OceeH riltrHara MonrlTBa,3a Hero oco6eHo eaxHa
a {+,e7+' 'i'! " * craBa il q-bpKoBHara, no BpeMe ua 6orocnyxenne,
KOFTO MOXe 6r Oreapn BparilqKara KbM HOBOTO
p!-la, *n '
tnr\ o"', npil3BaHile: "C ruup Ha locno4a Aa ce noMortt4M, 3a
t i qenilF cBnr, 3a 5oxilflTe q-bpKBt4, 3a cBeu]eHcrBoro,
w 42._i*;t -." ,
Afl KoHcrBoro Lr qtpKoBHocnyxilTenilre, aa 6urap-
'! !' \ 1:

cKilF HapoA il eofiHcraoro My/ 3a BceKil rpaA r crpaHa

!l 3a OHe3il, KO|,4TO XuBefT B TfX, '..4a mm nOUara 6Or
h noKopt4 noA Ho3eTe l4M BCeKil Bpar n nporl4BH14K;
,[a ce nouonnv'.za wzo6nnne Ha 3eMHilTe nroAoBe il
3a MupHLl BpeMeHa,3a Te3il, KOI4TO nbryBaT' crpaAaT
ta 6oneAyeal 3a nneHeHilTe il TfxHoro cnaceHile,3a
ile6aeneHue or BcflKa cxpt6, rHns,6ega v uyxga..'!
Cneg xaro ce orAaBa Ha peBonollrloHHa 4etTtHocr u

) Ce^,leicreoro ua JleBcKil ManKa vry,6ar4a vy,6parnra u

no-fonflMaTa My cecTpa.
 Paxganero Ha
peBOn mL{yl oHepa Jl etscKt/N
HapogHoro rpodyxAaHe
B t4ro c 4txoBHoro \r<eErteAHE Ha fleecxil, e 6urrap- Karo flbpBa 6unrapcra nerilF. B Hefl 3anoqBar Aa
cKrre 3eMil ce pa3pacrBa Hapo4Horo npo6p64aHe, npon- nocTbnBaT MnaAil 6-bnrapil oT pa3nilLlHr.4 Kpauqa, a
BtBaulo ce e 6op6ara 3a qbpKoBHa He3aBucl4Mocr.3aegHo 6urapcrrre rbproBqil B OAeca cb6ilpar HaA 20 000
cbc crpeMexa Ha 6rnrapure 3a He3aBilcilMa qbpKBa ce py6nv3a il3ApbxKara fi.
vz6ttctpn v t Aenra 3a nonfiTrqecro oceo6oxgenne. Ieecxil HayqaBa 3a fleTilflra il rBbpAo peuaBa, qe
Pa:roaopnre:a roBa ce pa3pacrBar il c BpeMero ra3il ,4AeF TaM e HeTOBOTO MFCTO yt npLt3BaHile. llpe: Hoqra Ha
3aBnaAFBa Bce noBeqe 6tnrapra, cpe4 Kor4To e u Bacrn 3 mapr 1862 r. rof B3eMa KoHfl Ha Byrlqo cil il HanycKa
l,4aaHoe KyHuee - Ieacxur. Kapnoeo. B llnoeArzre ce cHa6ARBa c nacnopl Mr4HaBa
llper eceHra na 1861 r. ce il3ocrpFT orHoueHilffra npe3 CoOr4F tAHtAu tA npncrilra B EefirpaA. llocrtnea e
r,rexgy Crp6ran u Ocruancxara ilMnepilfl. Cp-u6cxmnr runt flerilflTa B Ha'.{afloTo Ha anpiln.
Mrxam lll O6peHoerzrv rbpcil noMoqra Ha 6urrapcxara O6yveHmero B rerilFTa e qflcro BoeHHo il ce
eMhrpaqilfl B nilqero Ha [. C. Paroecxu. B rpan Ha HoeM- cbcro?r or
MHoro Qrrr:nvecxu HaroBapBaHilfl, BoeHHil
'1861 yn paxHeH ilF ra crpen6a. Oceo6oAeH or orpaHilqeHilFra
epi.r r. Paroecxyt cb3AaBa "llnaH aa oceo6ox4eumero
Ha MoHauecrBoro,Ieecxr ceo6oAHo nporBflBa cBoilTe
ra Euraprn'i c Koero nocraBfl HoBa crpaHilqa B Haqilo-
rarnooceo6o4fiTelrHilre 6op6n. B ro3il nraH xeraHoro Surrvecrr il AyxoBH14 cnoco6uocru. Hafi-nocne rofi ce
I]YBCTBA HA MflCTOTO CIl/ HAMilPAfiKil CBOFTA MEqTAHA
ri MeLITaHOTO B-bB BtlCOKa CTeneH HaAXBbpnFT peanHOCT-
cpeAa il pa6oTerzKr/r 3a oTeqecTBoTo cr4.
:?, HO BaXHOTO e/ Lre 3a nbpBil nbT ce foBopt4 3a ponFTa
Paroecxn ce npeBpbula He caMo B o6pa3eq Ha 06-
ra BbrpeuHilTe KoMr/Terr/ e 6op6ara :a oceo6ox4eure.
Polsra uu o6ave e orpannLleHa il Te pa3BrlBar noBetle aril-
ulecTBeHilK :a flescxu, Ho r/ B HefoB yr]ilTen, a rerilFTa #.ffi
raropcKa, orKonKoro opraH143aquoHHa 4eft uocr. - B yrlilnilu.le 3a BoeHHo Aeno, nlo6oB 14 BceoTAafiHocT
KbM OTeqecTBOTO. l-OflfMaTa OTAaAeHOCT Ha pOAr/HaTa
no3BoIFBa Ha neriloHepilTe 3a KpaTKoTo BpeMe oT
ffi
Jeruonepnr Bacu,r KyHuen ^ Csrmxa Ha IeBcKil a ygr$opua Ha
2-3 ueceqa Aa oBnaAenr BoeHHoro Aeno, Aa craHar flrpaara 6tnrapcxa nerus. Csnuxara
Crc crrnacrero Ha cpu6croro npaeurencreo leoprn noAroTBeHil BoitHut-ltA il npe3 oH71 Beqe Aa yqacTBaT B e npaBeHa Hail-paHo npe3 cenreMBpil
I 868 r, Karo Anocrona ce cHuMa c Ape
C. Paxoecxil 3anoqBa Qopvupanero ua 6tnrapcru cpaxeHilfl 14 B LrlypMa Ha 6enrpagcxara Kpenocr.
xnre Ha 6parrcrae Beneuxu.
nonx e cpr6cKara apM?lr, rorZro go6raea il3BecrHocr B 6oeeere leecxil ce ornr4qaBa c rolflMa cMenocr
il yMeno BnaAeeHe Ha op-bxileTo. B nernRra rofi ce
- Bt:easue Ha Paxoacxu po 6rlraprre. 3ano3HaBa cbc Cre$aH Kapagxa, xorZro My npaBu cilnHo
BneqaTreHne c Abp3ocTTa, cilnaTa il IoBKocTTa cu.
Cne4 npexparrBaHero Ha B-bopbxeHnre crbnK-
HOBeHUF 3anOqBaT AyinnOMaTNqecKkl nperoBopt4.
O6yveHlrero na neruoHepure npoAbnxaBa, Karo BceKil
AeH Ce BOAST 3aHFrVfl nO TaKTilKa, CTpOeBa nOATOTOBKa,
rilMHacrilKa il cnoprHo 6sraHe. l1o epervre Ha eAHo or
ynpaxHeHilflTa no $ustivecxa noAroroBKa BcilLtKr4
ca cMaFHil or Quruvecxure cnoco6nocrr ua Bacun
":
?1':1 i Fl! .. q . ,& t ,r..r,- ,u, 7;* ' f *,* "{++,g$J:
t Inroua il cfleA eA[4H HeroB ycneueH cKoK npe3 uJt4poK
ta sr.,;r';ae SJ{;F}*.+I* --"ut e&o,iia . '9,,"*4@ oxon ParoecxtA 'Toea e fleBcKl,4 croxl'Tara
t! .t : tA3BtAKBa:
-:+
lt"'7"*S*
' !'/71 ttt'v' KapnoBeqbr Bacun lRroHa craaa Baciln tleecxil.
"'rt^'vi-
Mncura 3a npegcroflulara eofiHa oco6eHo
Z.a(trt ii/ 'i"'P-+'" - IrqHoro reOrepqe sa Bacrr Ileecxr.
^ 'q**"' aKTVBtA3tApa nefrroHeprTe B TffxHoTo xenaHile
i.. - ,/
?':.--,-J
'{:::T*r: Aa ce il3npaBFr Bb3Moxuo nafi-cropo cpeuly

Wf-i*
nopo6urenR. BorZuara o6aqe ue tanouaa. Cneg
rpilMeceqHil nperoBop14 xoH$nrxrrr e npilKnloqeH
u cprt6c roro n pa Br,rTencTBo pa3nycKa neTnFTa.
LJtr* *&i"ro*^ -.if - t,' 1..,,:,=,,i
- ;t. 3uuara Ha qylxAa 3eMfl r{ 3aAbpr(aHero
r,? <;-a+e .tc,+r-":r ++dj *i: n Ilron4uncKlrf 3arBop
.\' Creg paanycxaHero Ha neruflTa fleecrr :aIL4Haea ra

f
.3-
W
. ..t-o ,il*,:.,* * .r
fu*r;**are; npeMilHaBa
r. [1pe nponerra
PyuuHrar il raM npeKapBa 3ilMara Ha 1 863
pera lyuaa u crbnBa Ha po4Ha eemn. Or
j:r+:{Xq Kaaarurx ulnpaqa nilcMa Ao Mailxa cn v Byir\o cn.
:?r3r"e.*1* *-r::?--i'r - llper nporerra Ha 1863 r. Ieecxil npilcrilra B
Kapnoeo ri Mor.UHr4Fr My reHop ornacR xpaua "Caera
Soropoguqa'i,[yxoennnr caH n clyx6ara B xpaMa ro
na3flT 14 orHaqano Bnacrra He e oco6eno no4o3pr/TenHa.

:,a7+^< *.1 -.-ll**.g;*$ Hrxofi ue ro nilTa 3a enHofogr4rxHoro My orc'bcrBile, Ho

"=.-{,*'-**- ",u*{ ,.;

-f * n*n r,. lL\ ..y
.g ..:. . j*-*;-;-*; **
":*:" ;#
;:
lti:::=-:i:i::i:+=,'=:..Ja'r.

Knrcq.oa* fr6&s&H8ffi

rEoPru c. PAKOBCK14
3a xaquonannoocao6ognrenuara peBonoqilr Paroacxil e "mucun u xenfl30, Jlilpa
Karo nocnyrnnx flescxil o6uxann lOxna btlrapun u ce cpeqa c rrruoro xopa. Tofi
Tpyna xn3HeH onn1 pa3BuBa u o6orarRea ilHTeneKra cfi. PeueHilero Aa np!4Knnqil c u rpr6a'inragep ra o6egr,rnneal4a $vrrypa.
MoHauecrBoro nocraBn HoB eran B xllBora My, qilero saqano 6enexu nocrbnBaHero B rernnra mexpy fleecxu n Paxoecril Bb3HtrKBa rarro uAetiHo, raKa il ql4cro
qoaeuJKo npuflTencrBo. brgeqranr Anocron npaBil cyljrHo BneqaTrexre Ha Paxogcrur
my s flrpeara 6urapcxa nerun. Ot4e npil il)pBara cu cpeu.{a c Hefirns ocHoBarefl,
il 3aroBa e npenopbqaH or Hero 3a 3HaMeHoceq Ha Ha naHatZor Xuroe.
leoprr Crofi<oa Paxoecru, Ieecrn e 3anfleHeH or nilqHocrra My. 'lerara
PaKoBcKil e B pa3qBera Ha cilJIilTe cu il B anorer Ha cBoflTa xil3HeHa
llo roaa apene Ieacrra pa:6npa, qe '.{erHilqecKara raKTnKa Beqe He

il peBonoqi4oHHa perZHocr. 3a Heto e flcHq qe HaqnoHanHoro ocao6oxgeHue uoxe ga e aAeKBaTHa 3a BpeMeTO cu, eTo 3aulo HaqiloHan-
ce i43BotoBa caMo qpe3 BbopbxeHa 6op6a, a cronaHcKara Kprca, Hacrbnilna a OcilaHc- uoro ocao6oxgeHue Moxe Aa ce nocrilrHe caMo
KaEr uMflepnf cneg Kpuwcrara eoitHa, cu:Aaga Aon'bflHilTeflHil yCJlOBl4fl 3a yCnex
qpe3 npeABapilrenHa opraHil3aqilfl il noAro-
Paxoscxu e y6egen, qe HaqnoHanHoro ocao6oxgenne l4e ce nocrt4rHe upe: xail- ToBKa Ha HaceJleHilero:a o6qoHapogno etc-

AylxKil qern, KorlTo qe noBeAar HapoAa rtrr/l eceo6qa etoplxeHa 6op6a. Teah ceotl raHue. Opraxn:aqnRra rpn6ea Aa e noBce-
cxBaqaHufl rorZ oQoprrnn nog BnilFHile ua flxy:ene lapn6anpu h TlrarilaHcKoro MecrHa M uaqa6sa, o6xeaqal4a ecuqrfi
ocao6ogurenHo,qBilxeHile. Vaepen e peBonoqr4oHHara roroBHocr Ha HapoAa il B cnoeBe Ha o6qecreoro. llpepu atcranu-
seug6exHara eotiHa mexgy Ctp6ran ra Ocmaucrara ilMnepuff, Paxoecxil ce 3aeMa c ero rpn6ea [a ce BnaAeRr il ynpaBfirBar
noAroroBKara Ha glcraHre g btnrapilF t,l opraHil3l4paHero ua 6otiunre cilnu Ha Haqu- cr'o6qeHunra (upe: rafrxa nou.la), xaxro
oHalrHara peBorloqtltl rl3BbH crpaHara. B rpan na'1861 r. pa:pa6orsa"llnaH 3a ocBo- n peAa fi cilrypHocrra (upe: rariHa nonn-
6oxgernero ua 6tnrapurn'1 a rotiro u:xoxga or ugenra, "ue HapoAHl4FT Ayx HaBcff- qran). flpegnonara ce, qe Iescxvt crilra Ao
KbAe e npilrorBeH 3a BbcraH!4e nponae rypqrre'l floAroroBKara ce 3aKroqaBa B roBa Te3il ilAeil caMocToflTenHo,3aqoTo He e
BceKr4 caMAa ce BbopbxaBa. B no-ronemute rpaAoBe ule ce cbcraBflT"tafinu rouu- 3ano3Har c ngeilre Ha lapvr6angn, 6ary-
rerN'| xouro qe pa3npocrpaHflBar Becrra 3a eceo6r4o uapogHo BbcraHile. nux u flpygoH.

npeA cBoilre HaiA-6fivt3KtA npilFrenil fleecxn pa3Kpl/Ba HacToflTenn rcxar o6flcuenfle, a AflKoH-bL pa3cTpilraH,
KbAe e 6iln il c KaKBo ce e 3aHilMaBaI il ilM foBopil 3a cnoKoilHo r4M o6FcHFBa, qe ule cn)DKl4 Ha 6bnrapilre
hAeilTe 3a HaqiloHanHo ocBo6oxAeHile. n 6ora Karo yLtilrer. BytZvoro apxuMaHApt4r xaAxvl
Mrneara 3a eAHoroAvtutHoro My orc-bcrBhe ce Bacwmit npaBil HeycneuHn noclbnKn npeA Mvlrpono-
pa3npocrpaHflBa n MnaAVAr AIIKOH e OrKapaH rnflraAa ce AaAe noA c-bA orcrbnHilKa. Cnyvanr o6ave
B nnoBAr4BCKI4F 3arBop. Byt)tvoro e noAyqeH Aa npilKnoqBa cbBceM neKo il Ha He e HanoxeHo
^ MexAy f. C. Paroecxn tr fleBcKil
cBnAereIcTBa, qe e HanpaBiln AoHoc 3apaAn AOpr4 qbpKoBHo HaKa3aHue.
'leecril cbulecrByBa xaxro rAeitso, taxa il qHCro
qoBeuKo npfrflTeIcTBo.
Kpax6aTa Ha KoHF My npr 3aMnHaBaHero Ha AFKoHa
B EenrpaA Aa ce yqn. flo epeue Ha creAcrBnero
c noMoqTa Ha npilflTenr leecxil npeAcTaBF Ta3vl
.{acrca,rynaHero BbB Bofi HrroBo
Kpax6a Karo KoMneHcaqiln 3a roAilHl4Te 6egnnarHo Cneg cnyuunoro ce tleBcKt4 He Moxe Aa ocraHe - CrpaHuqa or nnaHa na Paxoecxr :a
cnyxeHe. Xagxra BacranillZ e yroBopeH Aa noTBbpAt/ oceo6oxgeHrero Ha 6"bnrapilF.
noBeqe B KapnoBo vt orilBa B 6rt43Koro ceno BolZHflroBo,
t2 '
re3aTa My, 3a Aa He il3ne3e noA6yAfiTen 3a yqacTfiero HaMnpaulo ce Ha 6 KM, KbAero e yqilrefl ABe roAilHvl. 1' /' ,
' ''4't'
' !'
Ha IeBcKr4 B nernFTa. flpea roea BpeMe oKono Hero ce ct6upar MnaAexil, ,i'
".: !1{:
a :t : tuE,
Cnep rpra Meceqa Bacwn vznuza or 3arBopa il ce Ha KOyITO TOrl qere KHtAftA tA t4M foBopvl 3a HoBilTe r/,"'.'
"rr.".
Bpbula B Kaproeo. EceHra nocrunBa B nroBAtlBcKoro BpeMeHa !{ npeAcroflrlttre c-b6vrnfl. llo4 $opvara ' 'i;,','"i'"':rt'ti '' " "' -r" ---
"'1
enapxilftcKo yqilnr4ule npil yLlurejiF tzloarram l-pyee. Ha rilMHacrilqecKil ynpaxHeHilR leecxfi yqil cBoilTe
Il

I-lpaeu snevarneHre Ha cBoR yvnrer cbc crapaHrero ct4, npilFTenvl Ha BoeHHo Aeno u crpen6a. Tpn6ea 4a ce i:
ycnexilTe B yqeHilero il 3penocrra Ha nHTereKTa cil. llpe3 or6enexu, qe roir ilMa unoro go6pu neAarorilqecKn
nponerra Ha 1 864 r. ce 3aBp-bqa B Kaproao. cnoco6Hocl4 - eAHaKBo go6pe o6yvaea KaKro Aeqara
B yqilnilqe, TaKa il B'b3pacrHt/lre.
I'nt"
Cneuane Ha pacoro B rrMero Ha Bre BorZHrroeo fleBcKtl e yqilren or uafi 1864 r. go !.
;".:
.. :.
'1''.>
*:tr' '+'"r'
cBo6oAara rpan na Qeepyapra 1 866 r. HeAoqaKBa KpaF Ha yqe6Hara . ,..-.....J'-
roArHa il BHe3anHo HanycKa ceroro, Karo npiltlt4HilTe 3a
Y6e4eH, qe rpfl6Ba Aa noeMe no nbrfl K'bM 6op- TOBa il3HeHaABaqO peueH re ocraBar Heil3BecrH t4.
6ara ra ocBo6oxAeHuero Ha 5-bnrapilr, IeBcKil pa3- llpea nponerra Ha 1866 r. peBonroqiloHep'br
6rapa, ve MoHauecKilffT caH e npeqKa 3a HeroBilTe orilBa B Tynva (CeeepHa !o6pygxa), :a 4a rtpcut
crpeMexfi. (Daxruqecrr c nocr-bnBaHero cl4 B reril- cBoff npilFren or rerilflTa cre$aH Kapa4xa. Tav ce
flTa peBoflpqiloHep'br ce oTKa3Ba oT o6era cil KbM 3ano3HaBa c non Xapnrou Xanavee, cBeuleHilK B
L$pxeara. Ha BennrgeH 1864r.rcw orpff3Ba Kocilre cil 6nn:ro ceno, Koirro My noMara Aa craHe yqnren B ': .:;,-';"t.1;$f
/*Jr;*'_ -
:i:;'':''
..,,.:'^S'':; '

r cHeMa pacoTo. llpnnrennre My, cBilAeTent4 Ha cb6il- c. Ennruorl. Or4e c npracrraraHero ct4 leecxta ct6npa t .f * _.
$ r
lr; rqt l'* ' '
f ,.*:t ./-,
Tilero, ca nopa3eH/r or cnoKotzcrBileTo n peuilTerHocr- oKono ce6e cil MecrHilTe MraAexn il fu nocBeulaBa '
,
Ta, c Kor4To rleecril HanycKa MoHauecrBoro. Manro B 6enrpagcKt4re cr6urmR. 3ano,lea Aa ril o6yqaBa Ha . *^'. ^ /t,*,-, ,:,,r*,-,, ,rr,
c*"-':'
no-KbcHo c Ml4pfHcKt4 Apexil Toil oruBa B xpaMa il ce BOeHHa rnMHacrhKa il
crpen6a, opraHil3ilpa 6op6w, ---. r.:f,d,-r.r*,' rl

BKnOqBa BbB BenilKAeHCKara cnyx6a Karo ncarr. Hag6nreaHmn, npecKaqaHe Ha poBoBe il nrerilula.
Kapnoeqra ca cMarHu. HevyeaHo e AyxoBHilK noc- B pa6orara c MnaAexilre roit 3anara npeAilMHo Ha
Berur ce B cnyx6a Ha Eofa, Aa ce orKaxe oT KnerBara nvtlHttfr npilMep. PaEraEea ce, qe npecKaqafl KoHe vl
il Aa xBbpnil pacoro. wz6yxea cKaHAan. t]epxoeuure 6ileon[a, Eoraro nacar.
 B u*enrutdre peffiy!*"4nd pra 6op6ara
Clre,rusr 3HaMeHoceu
TT
JlfBCKt4 HE \4hcnl4 Aa ocraBa A-blro B EHraxuori.
Irue nrcvo Ha Paxoscxu (roea e Hafi-paHuoro
nficMo, ocraHano or fleecril), B Koero n3Ka3Ba
xerraHile 3a no-aKTilBHo cbrpygHilqecreo. llpes
nponerra ua 1867 r. ror,r par6rpa, qe ce rorBffr qer[,
h B Kpaff Ha $eepyapra orilBa npil llaHarZor Xilroe.
llo npenoptra Ha Paroecxtl, Ileecnt e Ha3HaqeH
3a 3HaMeHoce4 n ua 28 anpvtn 1867 r. ,lerara ua fl.
Xrroe npeurHaBa peKa lyHae npu TyrparaH, 6e:
4a 6l4e sa6enRlaHa or rpaHnqHara crpaxa. gerara
npeMrHaBa BHilMarerHo lennoprvraHa r,l Ha 1j rvarZ
HaBrrr3a e Korneucxo-Bap6vwxun gnn na Crapa
nrraHrHa. MHoro MnaAexil or Mecrara, npe3 Kot4To
i,lhHaBa qeTaTa/ ilcKaT Aa Ce BAilrHaT C Opbxile, Ho
aoraeo4ara fn cnvpa.
Koraro MilHaBar xpair Kapnoeo, eorZeogara pa:-
peLrJaBa Ha rleecxil Aa HaBecril mafixa cu. Bacnn
lr3nor3Ba rosr ygo6eH cnyuait,3a Aa ce cpeulHe il
HFKo14 cBOl4 Apyrapil.
Cne4 4rnrr il rex-bK npexoA, Karo ce crilra Ao
cpaxeHLlff c TypcKilTe noTepn, qeTaTa ce ABV>K|A
xrir,r C-up6rrrn. Ha 20 ronra e 3naruuxna Eanxau ce
:-u6rapa c qerara ua (Dunun Torrc n ua 4 aerycr
rpeAh pa3cbMBaHe npeMilHaea e Ctp6Nn.
3HameHocequr par6rpa, qe 6es npeABapilrenHa
opraHil3aqufl il noAToroBKa qerilTe ca 6escilnHil.
Jlencru u Bropara dr,rrapcxa !'rerr{fl
llper 1867 r. cbc cpeAcrea
Ha lo6pogerenHara Apy-
xilHa 6enrpa4 e c-b34a4eHa Bropa 6urapcKa nerrn.
B
flo crqecreo roBa e BoeHHa uKora 3a nogroroBKa Ha
MnaAUr,l KoMaHAylpt4- cepxaHTil. Bognr ce reoperilqH14
il
npaKTuqecKv 3aHlrt F no BoeHHo 4eno. flporparvrzre
ca HanpaBeH14 TaKa, qe HaAMilHaBaT CepxaHTcKaTa noA_
roroBKa. lzlua reoperrqHr 3aHflTr4ff no raKTilKa, BoeHHa
reorpaQran, BoeHHa a,qMt,tHt4crpaqilfl, BoeHHa negaro-
rilKa/ ynpaBneHile Ha ManKil noApa3AeneH4fl r/ or-bHff
uM u np. Toea 4aea uilpoKa norqroroBKa tA 3HaHVfr Ha
o6yuaealqrare ce, Karo ilM no3BonnBa Aa KoMaHABar no-
roneMil BoeHHil eNAHtAt_Iu. flepuogravHo ce npoBexAar
TeopeT['{Ht4 n3nvTvt r,4 cTpoeBil npefnegil, a ycneuHo
c r43A-bpxanilTe ce npoil3BexAaT B no-ropeH qilH.
Ieecxu e cpeA nbpBure. Oco6eHo 4o6pe raryvaea
BOeHHilTe ycTaBV il
HaCTaBIeHilff t4 ycne[JHo peuaBa
rpynoBilTe raKTrqecKr 3aAaqil. Toea ce BilxAa B pa3pa_
6oreurre or Hero AoKyMeHril Ha BtrpeuHara peBonp-
l14oHHa opraHn:aqrn (BPO). - Kapra Ha Ocuascxara taMnephg
npe3 Xvlll e. Bta ana4eHrnra h envzar
B nuunva cil xileotfleecKil e cKpoMeH, Aop!4 acKerilqeH. n repvropvufe, HaceneHh c 6urapr.

.'=.e
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T!'"rEe gc&i* :t .
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naHaior XrroB, 1 867 r

qe rlflnoTo My c-b3HaHile e opfleHTilpaHo caMo KbM

eAHO - Cnyx6a Ha HapoAa. Anocrona npueMa Ta3il
Kay3a Karo cBoe npr3BaHile il oTEaBa LlenilF cl4
xl4Bor 3a nocrilfaHero tt. Bnpara u BceorAatlHocrra
Ha ra3il 3aAaqa 3a Hero ce npeBp'bulaT B peJlnrufl.

^ Bacun IeBcKtr (sropunr or4rcxo xa
nt,peun peg) cpeg gpyrapr or Bropa
6trrapcxa nernr, 6enrpap, I 868 r
Y4oeoncremRTa/ no Kot4To ce yBnuqar HeroBilTe
Bp-bcrHl/il.lvr, ca My qyxAr4. Tofi npeAnovilra Aa qere
il Aa cnyua BHilMarenHo, orKonKoro Aa oparopcTBa.
Bcnra Heroea AyMa il AerircrBile o6aqe no4cKa3Bal
PaxAauero Ha I{AeflTa 3a
peBoJrrcuuoHHa opf aHII3auI{fl
Harir-eilcoxoro nocrilxeHue Ha 6urapcxara
HaqiloHanHoocBo6oAurenHa Mrcbn e ilAeFTa
3a npeABapnTelHa opraHv3aqtAq Ha nopo6eHilff
HapoA BAuraHero Ha Bceo6ulo BbcraHile. ToBa
14 - flararaor Xrroe - B HeroBara qera
IeBcKn e 3HaMeHoceq.
e nocneAHaTa B-b3MOXHOCT 3a HaqilOHanHO OCBO-
6ox4enre Ha 6bnrapilre. 3a peanil3ilpaHero Ha
Ta3V wAefl 3anoqBa 4a pa6orn Bacnn fleecxil. 3a
Hefl pa6orr ra ,{o6po4erenHara Apyxl4Ha, MaKap
qe rfl npoKnaMilpa HaLlnoHarHoocB06oAhren-
nrare 6op6r,r Aa ce BoAffT no4 pycKo KoMaHABaHe,
roecr 3a npeBpbulaHero Ha 6bnrapcKilTe 3eMr4 B
" 3agy nail cxa ry 6epuvta".
Oule e Havanoro Ha cBoflra peBonoqiloHHa Aefi-
Hocr IeBcKvl e nporttB qyxAo BnilfHile B HaLlilo-
HanHoocBo6oAilrenHrre 6op6n. llo roea BpeMe Bce
oule HFMa 6tnrapcra npaBocnaBHa q-bpKBa il 6bn-
rapcKara HaLlilf He e npr3Hara e Ocuancrata uune-
pva.lAr'ta caMo eAilH 6r'nrapuu, g-p CronH 9ouaxoe
or l1noe4ue, xofiro e qfleH Ha ,QtpxasHNn cteer.
lzlnaa r,r npegcraBnTentA Ha 6bnrapilTe B cbBerilTe Ha
aAM?rHvrcTpaTr,rBH nTe qeHTpoBe.

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#J }h UAENHU TEI{EH14fl B HAqI4OHANHOOCBOSOflI4TENHATA
:, IAAEOnOTUfl HA 6bnf APUA
1 nper 50-re ra 60-re roguHr Ha XIX e. a Euraprn ce Qoprvu,rpar ocnoe- lpyrrare ABe reqeHufl ca nr6epaluoro i/ KoHcepBaTilBHoro, npeflcraBrlfiBaHrl

.,, reqeHhfl B HaqiloHalHoocso6oArrennara ilAeonorif. O6qecreeHnre cborBerHo or Tatituran qeHrpaneH 6tnrapcru KoMiTer n or Ogecxoro 6tnrapcro
,:,
"rt" BpeMe HaMilpaT fi3pa3 BABe fna8Hil HanpaBIeHilfl - nonilTvr-
narnacr,r noToBa HacToRTeICTBO r,r,[O6pOgerelnaTaApr/KrHa.
qecro oceo6oxAaBaHe u KynrypHo o6oco6naaxe Ha Haqyrffra. Pa:nuqnsra ce Canure at:poxgeHcKt/ Aeflrenil ce pa34enfiT noMexAyctl ta"mnapw"u"oapu",

Hure, qpe3 rouro rpn6ea Aa ce h3BooBa cao6o4ara, KaKro t,t orHolueHnero 6op6a.TeyuacrearBnonroroBKaraHaflBereBbcraavnotlST5ulST6rTaranape
KbM r.Hap. BbHUeH $arrop, HaMilpaul il3pa3 B roea rpn6ea nh Aa ce rbpcr4 uenure"crapn"ca 3a no-yMepeHil 4etacreun il He ca cKnoHHvl Aa noflKpennr HeKo-
noMot4 or.qpyra A'bpxaBa. Toga e ocHoBHr4flT npo6nervr, oxoro rofiro ce rpy-
opgtlHilpaHil BbopbxeHn arqnn. Te He ce BKrHlqBar B peBorllol-ll4oHHara npona-
nnpar o6qecraeHilTe no3uqhn orHocHo ocao6oxfleHrero. raH4a il rBbpfle qecro cneABar pycKara nonilrvlKa. llpnetpxeHnqil ca 3a MupHoro
fltpeoro reqeHhe, HapuqaHo peBonnquoHHo-geMoKpaTHqHo, HaMfipa peuaBaHeHaHaLluoHaIHtlFBbnpoc,nocpeAcrBoMnonvlt4KaHaKOMnpOMrlChre.
peueHfie Ha HautloHaIHhR Bbnpoc eAilHcTBeHo qpe3 norqroToBKaTa il npo- Blnpexu pa3anqurra Mexgy ABere rpynil, cepno3Hil nportiBopeqilR
BexAaHeTo na aceo6ula HaqnoHa1tHa peBonrcLlytg. Feoprn Paxoscrra ct6npa MeXAyrflX HFMa.

oxono ce6e cil nocnenoBareflHure peBonpqiloHepu, Qoprvuapaqra roea Egran or ilraBHnre npo6nenr Ha 6urapcroro HaqnoHarHoocBo6o.qnrenno
HanpaBneHne. Cneg Paxoscrn peBonplll,toHHo-AeMoKparrqHure h4eu ce ABnxeHhe ce KopeHil B ToBa, qe HeroBa coqilaflHa ocHoBa ca no-6e4Hnte cnoeee
noAxBaqar or peirLlure na BPO nog pbKoBoAcrBoro Ha Bachn flescril, or Ha HaceneHilero. Egpara 6ypxoasran He ce BrnrcqBa B peBonlolll4oHHara 6op6a,
6Pl-.[K e byryperq, or ficpreecrrR KoMilrer Ha anocro.nilre, yr;acrHr4r.!/Te B 3al4oroBflaraMHoroBpeMetoAnvvnapuBnpocBerHoroAenous6op6ara:aqr'p-
Anpnncxoro BbcraH re r Oceo6ognrenxara eolZHa. KOBHA HE3ABilC14MOCT.
lenwan !{ocrra Ha BtrpeuHara peBonroqiloHHa
opra H y{3a qmm
O6uxo;rxara 3a [poyqBaHe Ha
HacTpoeHr{flTa cpeA HapoAa
I4cropuqecxa 3A.qAqA Ha Anocrona craBa cb3ga-
BaHero fi yrBbpx.qaBaHero Ha BtrpeuHa peBono-
qrloHHa opraHil3aqilF (BPO). l-lpeAr cb34aBaHero
Ha opraHil3aLlriRra leecxlr npoyrlBa ycnolnflra B
5-urraprn. Ha I 1 gexervepu 1868 r. rpbrBa c napaxoA
:a l-laprrpa4, KbAero ocraBa eAnH Mecell, a B Haqa-
Noro Ha 1 869 r. saA ilHaea :a 6r:nrapnn. llpegnonara
ce, qe roraBa 3anoqBa HeroBara nrpea o6rxonra Ha
cTpaHaTa/ B KoflTo npoyrrBa HapoAHilTe HacTpoeHilfl.
Bra:r n'upea o6vxonxa rofi noceqaea llnoagrae, Ie-
pyr{r4Lla, Kapnoeo, Conol Ka:aunux, Cnneen, Ttp-
roao, loeev, llneeen, Hmxonon. Ha 24 $eepyapr :a-
B-bpL!Ba o6mxonxara v npvcrvra B TypHy Murypene.
flo apervre Ha o6Nxonrara ce cpeula u pa3roBapff c
pa3nilqHn xopa, KaTo ce 3ano3HaBa c MHeHileTo LlM
3a c-b3AaBaHe Ha peBonpqr4oHHa opraHil:aqun. He
3chqKr KoHTaKTil o6aqe ca npoAyKTt4BHr4, 3auloro
HfiMa cepilo3HtA tA conw4+tA npenopbKr4. Toea e oc-
roBHara npilqilHa Ieecxyr Aa npeKbcHe o6uronrata
ch r Aa ce cHa64u c"nozuaxa" (napona, npenopuxa).
Ha 1 vara 1869 r., cne4 AByMeceveu npecrorZ e Pyrvt-

'rfiR, fleecxil Bnn3a npe3 TypHy Mrrypene e 6-bnra- :"F

pr4n r
3anoltBa BTopara o6nronxa ua crpanara. l1o
3peMe Ha rasm o6ilxonxa rorl nonara ocHoBilTe Ha
Blrpeu.Luara peBontoLl4oHHa opraH il3aquF.

Korrlrrerrare ^ oororpaQilF Ha Aeillil Ha Bpd-

caHcKuF peBon0uroHeH KoMffTeT.

llrpernr peBon oLtr,toHeH KoMilrer leecxil c-b3AaBa

B HaLranoro ua uafi e llneeeH. llneeeHcxrgr KoMr,4Ter
l,tN,ra MHoro qneHoee, no 4efiuocrra My e He3HaqrrenHa.

Creg llneeeH fleecrr npoAbnxaBa nbrn cil npe3

il TponH r,r or[Ba B Kapnoeo. Tau ci'agaea
.l-loeeq
KoMHTer npe3 nbpBara nofloBr/Ha Ha varZ. B xpan
Ha Meceqa nocTaBfl HaqanoTo Ha peBonoqnoHHa
opraHr43drj[4F e f1noe4us, a B HaqanoTo Ha toHn c-b3-
AaBa KoMr4rer u e llepyqrqa. llper roHil a Conor
rypcKilre Bracr[4 nonaAar Ha cle4ilTe uy, Ho 6naro-
te /,"t dde./a 4er{. {.d t1y o n a, / u LJf 4:ft7}4/// a,4.te!/* fet,: : 2,
AapeHile Ha floBKocrra cu Anocrona ycnflBa Ea ilM cft:1721 t124
,1. !4y'?e.ul ; 7i. /uo.a/t|rr*ttdr"\t.)/d/))/. /.; . .
ce t,t3nfl-b3He. B ptqere ilM ocraBa nanroro My, B Ko- . tL& /( 2/rio tr'/u,J ,t,o- : .rq c.q r
,//t ,//n'l)) |.rrtt.7ur,Jz
ero HaMilpar KoMnpoMerilpaqn AoKyMeHrn. Craea
FcHo/ qe
Bracrra Beqe 3Hae sa gerTtuocrra uy. trfr , o!, n oo), r1
/
n
.., r.i!,, *q u o*, *9;A1PVV., t, / ( zd. ua :
wu)t 6. /{'4tu .//.:t,//a/ f2!:f-/fa"
."/
?, a/ta/.e)? j&a;i u & /-:
,rleecxil craBa no-npeAna3flnB, Ho He ce orKa3Ba
&- n/< -',:/* "elktV3"r7r7zrl,,), rchtn 4+'-tm),2,t++!1
Qr MncVFTa Cill 3a ycneuHoTo il3nbflHeHile Ha Kofl- rt*'o7io)rnorrt'e /, poluar,ro1')/,o n,ru ./:./),,t 1::.:
ro roir parvrra Ha cBol4 npn+renn il Apyrapil, Karo u+,!"ly* lt *r2s * /d*6i ca4ez4ilg r".i,tu.rr;2, 1,
ro'h'1x{ .n,i.tu'%-#tr;r,.!'r^.,,,L
leoprlt !a nvoe-3orpaSrrr Ha e I rzrpna H. Komurertr "ny Y/#*nfi o ,,,r
' o{*l*.ntt nr,E{Tr.r'{ .a,y Q1 *'l *i,u..,i -,,/1","
TaM e ocHoBaH B Haqaroro Ha aBrycr. Cne4eaqr- .!/e4t-'n& 7)/ta,. a ny,tafue,if^u
re peBonoll4oHH14 KoMr/Tern leecrn ocHoBaBa B
a otJ** n,t oorrrr, *in, o
t1/2,/t/t*ttu ru ffi;4.
) fluuomoqHoro, xoero Ileecxn nonyqaBa
Crapa 3aropa, CnileeH il Ioeeq npe3 c'bt!r/F Meceq. t/adu at4t, ,4a pta z/attu a,itua
or 6PLIK,:a ga pa3BhBa peBonoq[oHHa fnol,/*4t.ilorlJ,,t'
3aepuula ce e Eyrypeq ua 26 aeryct 1869 r. aeraHocr e 6tnrapcxure :euu. d'nL4- /;-8,n4ay'z e{ ur,$+tz,l qz*t.mVe*qtr,r y'z&iana.4{tcatrlrzz
 Ta:n o6uronxa Kapa lescxvl 4a nporvrenr y6ex- BeuKilfr KoMt4TeT nonyqaBa craryr Ha LleHTpaneH
AeHilero cu, qe 6urapcKtlnT HapoA Moxe Aa ce peBontoLlt4oHeH KOMilTeT.

BArrHe cKopo Ha BbcraHile. 3a roea e Heo6xo4nua
no-npoAbnxilTenHa noAroToBKa, opra Hil3l/paHa or
peBontoqiloHHilre KoMilreril, Kovlro rpn6ea Aa pa-
6ornr roopgtztHilpaHo.
B Pyrutunn fleecxil npoAbnxaBa aKTnBHo Aa
yqacrBa e getlHocrra ua 6urapcrara eMilrpaqilfl n
B KpaF Ha 1869 r. e cpeA ocHoBarenilre Ha Stnrap-
cKufl peBonollt4oHeH LleHrpaneH KoMilrer (6PUK).
llpea nponerra sa 1 870 r. rotl orHoeo npeMilHaBa
e nopo6eHa EuraprR il
npo4lrnxaBa il3rpaxga-
Hero Ha Mpexara or KoMilTeril. Ieecxvl e y6egeH,
qe noAroroBKara 3a BbcraHrae rpn6sa Aa craBa or
B-brpeuHocrra Ha crpaHara. 3a qenra opraHil3t/pa
KoMnrercKara Mpexa B eAilHHa Btrpeuua peeo-
noLl4oHHa opraHil3aqfiF c LleHrbp rpa4 lloeev. Io-
l-lpe: 1871 r. BPO u KoMilrerilre pa3BilBar aKrilBHa
4erTrHocr no arilTaqilff r ct6urpaHe Ha cpegcrBa 3a
op-bxile. Or EPUK peuaBar Aa il3nparnr Ha Ieecril
xopa, Kot4ro Aa My noMarar B nprKara getTtnocr no
o6rronxnre Ha KoMvlrerure. flpe: eropara nonoBuHa
na 1871 r. 3a raKilBa ca onpeAeneHr AHren KuHqee -
MnaA, ilHTerilreHTeH u BceorAaeH qoBe6 il luttuurup
O6uqu, xoiro ilMa onnr or yqacruero cr e fllpeara ..:.:....:,
flerilR, B orpn4ilTe ua laprzr6an4r ri e Kprrcroro etc-
;..,,-, '.. -;+4'. a-'
ranne. Opraun3aLlnoHHara AefiHocr e Ceeepua 6ura-
""1
":,.--',-,.', ;',,,r.--
pilF e noBepena ua AHren Kr'Hqee, a,{nnrarup O6r4ra
3ae4Ho c rleecril o6uxanar KoMr4Terilre e loxHa 6tn-
rapnn. O6u4a o6aqe He cna3Ba crpt4KrHo crporure
npaBilna Ha peBonoLlt4oHHara opraHu3aLlilfl n Anoc-
TOna ce orHacf c roneMil pe3epBil KbM Hero.

L-*,- ':^ -r,.:-. ....-,.-;.., ' " :

'" .;:/:1"-:" ''

!y'&y'".at *. it -?,^-f?!qaf'e /,r?4'*'

I llevamr ra "flpuape- ^ llnas:a Aefisocrra Ha BPO (HaPeAa

MeHHOTO npaSrrencteo" Ha pa6oruuqure:a oceo6oxgenne Ha

sa 6PUK. 6urapcxns uapoA).

nexervrepu 1868- flbpea aruraquoHua,o6nrqlf aiHa,Bulr-apun.

desovapn 1869
Mapr 1 869- 3aBpbulaHe B PyMb.Hflfl:
anprn 1869
!t s;P.& 1 turat4 1869- ' Bropa o6vri<onra
1ta 5b-Irtap!4.fli '.
: ] rrrr':
' ".
OcHoBaBaHe Ha peBonoqnoHHl/ KoMHTerh

d--&'
26 aeryct 1.869 .r
$1d'rtt{r, - rr
n aaeoluaie e PVj!,,ibir4s. 'r' "':'. i ", '
5i$t, KpaF Ha 1 869 Yqacrie s, c.rb:Aaqenelq ir.q,,qqqK q,Fy1ype'q

tleBcKr 3acraBa Haqeno Ha peBorlloqnoHHo-

neMoKoarnqHoTo MV KOilnO.
xpar Ha 1 870 tleBeq e onpeAeneH,3ir'qen.iitptiaiBiO h Ha
''-llpraepeMeHAoro.npaehrellctgorB 5tnrapiln".
1471. lzl:pa6oreun ca nporpaMa tr flpoeKroycraB
sa 5Pl lK.

B, 6yKypqq cernpqgexaa.il!p.F919:.qqqg

OPTAH14314PAHETO HA 3a:amecrsux Ha leecxu e onpe4eleH Arauac

PEBOn loq no H H t4 KOM tAT ET aA

Cneg Kprarvrcxara eolitHa ('l 853- 1 856) Haqfi oHafl Hoocao6oguren Horo 4eu-
xeHile Ha 6urapnre HaBril3a B erana Ha opraHu3ilpaHa HaqiloHanHopeBo-
,rloqroHHa 6op6a. leopru Paroscxu tl cb34apeHrre or Hero opraHil3aqilil
pa3npOCTpaHHBaT HfleilTe Ha peBOnOqrOHHl4f AeMoKparulrtu, neuenefixu
npilBbpxeHilqil cpeg eMurpallvtnra il cpeA 6rrnrapure B-bB BbrpeuHocrra.
Mex6y rrx e u caMilsr fleecxu, xofiro o6aqe nocreneHHo cb3rlpa Heycnexa
Ha qerHilqecKara raKTtlKa. Toti npaeu npeoqeHKa Ha n3B-bpueHoro ,1 crilra
Ao ilAeffTa, qe 3a ycneuHvrff t,t3xo! Ha HaqiloHanHooceo6opurelHara 6op6a
e neo6xogrmo qeHrbpbr Ha peBonoqiloHHara nogroroBKa Aa ce npeMecrtl
s brrrapun qpe3 il3rpaxnaHe Ha Mpexa or peBonrcqilouun rommtern. Ha
'l 'l
AeKeMBpr4 1868 r. Jleecxrl 3anoqBa nbpBara cn arnrall?loHHa o6uxonxa
ng
6urapmR, Korro 3aBbptxBa npe: Seepyapw 1869 r. B raau o6uronxa rotl ce
3ano3HaBa c ycnoBilflra m Bb3MoxHocrl4Te 3a peBonPquourta geriuocr e 6u-
aapcKrlTe 3eMn il noAforBfl noqBara 3a n3rpaxAaHero Ha nbpBilTe KOMt/Tervl'
oHeH qeHrpaneH KoMtlrer (5PUK) e 6yr<ypeq 3aegHo c J1o6en Kapaeenoe n
3acraBa Haqero Ha peBonolll4oHHo-AeMoKparilLlHoro My Kpilno. lzlgefiloro u
opraHil3aqiloHHoro o6egunnaaHe Ha peBontoqiloHHilre 4efrqu or eMrrpaqil-
flra il or BbrpeuHocrra ce ocbtqecrBtBa no4 BnilrHme Ha o6uloro y6exgeuue ea
ueo6xoAnuocrra or ycKoprBaHe Ha noAroroBKara sa sbcraHne. JleBcKil HanycKa
Pyururrrn h npoAbnxaBa il3rpaxAaHero Ha MpexaTa or peBonoqiloHHn KOMtl-
rewr a brrnrapnn. Fllpsunr KoMilrer e ocHoBaH e flneseH, a B Kpar ua 1870 r.
Ioee,r e onpeAeneH 3a qeHrbp na BPO - "llpuepeMeHHo npaeurencreo e bu-
rapran". Ha 7 auyapu 1872 r. e ocHoBaH e TponucruR MaHacrup nbpBl4flr MoHa-
uecKil peBonloqiloHeH KoMurel tlnlZro npeAceAaren craea itepomolax Maxa-
prafr, rarylaeu Ha MaHacrilpa or 1876 po 1897 r.
flpe: 1871 r. 3a noMot{Htllln Ha flegcxtt ca il3npareHu lurvrrarlp O6ulu u
AHrer KrHqee. Anocrona e [4Hl4qilarop 14 yqacrHllK B fltpeoro o6t4o ct6pa-
nr,re na 5Pl-{K e Syryper4 (29 anpwn - 5 rvravr 1872 r.)' Ha Koero e nocn4rHaro

Creg 4syrvreceuer npecrotZ e PyvtlHrn rofi ce aprrqa orHoBo B Etrrapnn n
sa 1 ruarTr 1 869 r. 3ano,lBa Bropara cn o6uxonxa vz Lunrapwa, no BpeMe Ha
Koflro ocHoBaBa peBontoqiloHHmre KoMrlreru. Ha 26 aerycr 1 869 r' ce eptqa
e PyvrrHlrR npes Pyce, onrreafirr ce 4a yroBopn npeMecrBaHero Ha peBono-
r-lvroHHun qeHrbp e EtarapuR, Ho He cpeqa no4Kpena'
B xpar na 1869 r.Ieecril yqacrBa B cb3paBaHero Ha butrapcxut peBonpqil-
cbrflacrle BtrpeuHara peBontoqiloHHa opraHil3aqilF Aa uMa npegilMcrBo B
6pon na peuaBauilre rnacoge. Tara e no4rorBeH npoeKrbr sa llporpaua u
Ycrae ua 6P!K.
B xpaR ua nnn 1872 r. Bacnr lescxu nanycra byxypeq il Karo n-btlHo-
Mou{HvrK na 6PL]K npeA KoMurerilre s 5r'nrapuR 3anoqBa npeycrpoticreo na
BrrpeLunara peBontoqiloHHa opraHu3aqilF, Karo cb3naBa oKpbxH14 KoMilTerh'
HenoflqmHeHy{e m npegarencrBo
peBon nqHoH Hara opra H,rcaLilAn
Ee:parcr4nrare Aeft crBr{fl Ha [uuurrp
O6rqu u Anacrac rlonxranon
Xr.qspnqr Ao BE3pA3cbACTBo lrarvrrartp 0614r,r
cflaBara Ha onilreH 6oeq. TorTt yqacrBa e Kprrcxoro
B-bcTaHr4e, a no-KbcHo ce cpaxaBa B oTpRAa Ha
l-apr6algr,r.3a cbxareHhe o6ave my nuncBar opraHil-
3aqrloHHt4 cnoco6Hocrr v AucuvnntAHa. Oqe e nava-
,,roTo Ha cbBMecTHaTa r,rrvr pa60ra c Ieecxrrr, O6rLIa
npofBFBa caMoHaAeflHocT il HexellaHue Aa ce noA-
qt,tHFBa Ha npaBilnara Ha opraHm3aLlmnra. Btnpexr
crporilTe palnopeg6u Ha Ycraea no orHoueHile Ha
nogo6nn npolBw Anocrona nponBrBa rbpnr,tMocr
ce on4TBa Aa ro HanpaBil nojle3eH 3a AenoTo.
Tpr ueceqa cne4 O6r4ra, Ha 29 cenrevrepvt'1871
s fioael{ npncrrra Anren KtnqeB n cbult4fl AeH
ce cpeula c fleecril. leamara ce 3Haffr ornpegil ,l
orHolueHilflra ,4M ca npilflrencrr. Ha 5 uapr 1872 r.,
rph onrlr Aa MilHe c napaxoA or Pyce e lopreeo,
AHren K-unqee e pa3Kpr4r or nonilqunra fi ce caMoy-
5mea Ha npilcraHilulero.
lpe: qnnara 1 871 r. Jleecxil e npilHyAeH Aa BoAn
cop6a c Ayanvcrvre cpe4 6rnrapcKr/re eMilrpaHTil
a Pyurnun. Te ne npreuar HoBr/Te v1ev n pa3ffx-
laHr oT yMyBaHilf il Hecbfnacilfl/ He ycnFBaT Aa ce
c5egrunr oKono rpagilBHara ilAefl Ha BPO. Ieecxil
rpoFBflBa Tbpn14MocT r roToBHocT 3a KOMnpOMt4Ct4
B
r,rrvra
14
r.,
^ AHTen KbHqeB ce BKnocBa AetlHo B
HaqhoHaI HopeBonrcqhoHHoTo ABhxeHile,
Karo e onpeAereH or 6Pl-lK a EyKypeut 3a
noMor{HuK Ha Bactrn rleBcKfl.
v l4sas Baroe - narphapxbr Ha
6rnrapcxara nureparypa, Hanara
npo:erulelo Anocrola.
B ilMeTO Ha peBonloqnflTa h HaqiloHanHoTo ocBo-
6ox4enrae. 3a Hero ca BaxHn e4ilHoMilcnilero u
egnno4eficrenero. B nucMo Ao lzlean Ktpuloecxrrr
rotl nuu:e: "Kaxil Tt4 Mor/Te il a3 TBofire KpvtBu1rt, na
Aa ce nonpaB[Me il ce 3aeAHo ga BbpBl4M, aKo u]e
6r4evr xopal'
llpe: nnroro na 1872 r. Bnv3a e cilna Ycraetr Ha
BPO. B nero ce npeAB?txAa il3nor3BaHero Ha repop
npil ocilrypflBaHe Ha cpeAcrBa 3a opTaHu3al-]wF'ra u
cMbpTHo HaKa3aHl4e npil HapyuaBaHe Ha KoMilTeT-
cKaTa KfleTBa.
!oxaro Ieecxn ce onilrBa Aa o6epnuu
opraHil3aLlnflTa, HflKot4 or uefiHrre qreHoBe
vr3B'bpuBaT nopeArrqa oT cBoeBonHil nocT-bnKu/
KOT4TO Ha pyur a BaT peBon oLlt4 oH HaTa EtAclJnn nuHa.
Tara uanpuvrep qfleHbr Ha flneeeHcxt4n KoMilTer
Anacrac l.lonxnHoe cil no3BolflBa Aa orBapfl Lt
qere KoMilrercKara noqa. C roea rori Hapyu.raea
ocHoBHoTo npaBilno Ha opraHil3aqiloHHaTa
eTrKail AVCL]VnfivHa - BceKil Aa 3Hae caMo ToBa,
KOeTO e CBbp3aHo c yqacruero My B AenoTo.
Kpafiuo an6nquo:eH rA ynoptlT, llonxilHos
npeBp'bu{a cauonp6nero clr B nport3Bon tA
ro nocraBn uag o6r4rre uHrepecil. Cuc ceoRra

',,/E t8& ps tE M I ne N fpr tE

"{.;
nc E BAO H 14 M V rA nPO3 B 14 lqA
BcRxa eenrxa rilr{Hocr Bril3a B ncro- HeHo ce orKpoflBar laxon l{raatnit,
p/flTa ocBeH cbc cBoero ilMe h c npo3- Bacur ,Qnxona fieecxr4, Bacur
finxox-
BUU{erO Cr4, Koero oKaqecrBflBa nekH,wa fleacxu, lnxona fleecxil. or
A0ryuen-
xr4Bor r,1 gerlxocr. Bacun lzieauoe Kyx- rarrHoro HacneAcrBo, Koero ocraBfl, ce
qeB ocraBa B ucropl4flTa h B naMerra Ha orlhqaBar paaxoo6paenure
ilMeHa il
HapoAa c npo3BLrqero cr fleecril. oco6e- peBoflrolllroHHu nceBAoHr4MtA, C KOi4TO
Hara My gerinocr Hanara Aa npueMa pa3- rofi no4nucaa pa3nilqHu nucMa u
AoKy-
nvuuuo6patvvqyx1tAilMeHa,3aga6tpe menrr: Acran .luruurpoory Oeanec
HeynoBilM, a opraHil3aLlnnra My Hepa3- EQeHgh, AQtr EQengr,r,
- He6onny '-lra:-
rpura. Taxa B ucroprqecKure rareopu rorZ uenu Krpurr:t, Tponvo, Xagxu Axrue4,
e u3BecreH c pa3nnqHu nMeHa/ npo3Bl4qa 5afi Bunqo lparnrrce, leperuouy Acnan
fi peBonoqiloHHn nceBAoHt4MtA, c KotAro EQeHgra, lparonrrapvo l,4eaxos, B. Iltxwtr
noflnucBa nilcMara cil, KaKTo il TecKepera unr npocro B. fl.
(nacnoprrn) ilAoKyMeHru,Kol4rou3nor3Ba. Creg civrtprra My, B Kpafl na XIX e.,
HRxon or Qalursure ilMeHa, Kot4To lleax Baaoe v3MVcnA n Hanara npo3Bu-
u3nor3Ba, ca: ,{o6pr,r Korixoe, ,leax u4ero Anocrona Ha ceo6o4ara nrv cawo
Oereagxnee, .{raguo fleee, Croriqo Anocrona, c Koero orAaBa 3acflyxeHa
Eeuuxraulur. Or npo:eraqara My HecbM- noqilT Ha Beilv<ufr 6rrnrapuH.
 FagrgsugFse

KPbCTIO
. Buctopnnra ceet4eHilKbr Kptcrro Toree Hr,rxr,rQopoB e fi3BecreH Karo OqHilTE CTABKl/'I
non Kprclo - npegarenflr Ha leecxu.,!rrrro BpeMe o6paatr My e il3non3- Ha apecryBa-
, eaH xaro aHTilnoA ga Anocrola h B npoil3BegeHilfra Ha TleaH Basoe, uure s KtxpuHa
: 3axaprzr CroRHos,Iro6eu KapaeeroB, 14 or pegfiqa ucropnqtA. npe3 90-re ua 26 4exeuepn
.. roAtAHtA HaXX e. o6aqe ce cb3naBa cneq/aneH KoMrlrer 3a il3qucrBaHe 1872 r. o6aqe
:: ilMeTO Ha CBeUleH!{Ka, KaTO Ce npilnaraT AOKa3aTeIICTBa B noflKpena Ha Hilrorl e loeeq,
: XlrlflOT3dTd, qe TOn He e npeflaTen' B KI IO '.,{ Y]TCI H O
i, non Kprcrro e po4eH efloeeq npe3 1838 r. Craea qneH,a cne4roBa vl r non Kprcro,
: racnep Ha roBer.!Kt4fl KoMl,4TeT npil ocHoBaBaHero my. Karo qoBeK c MHO|O He norBbpx-
:: r.lrapoxa Kynrypa, cilreH ,4HTerexr ra po4onr,r6vB Ayxt roi ce nonEga c AaBa caMolltlq-
,: aeroprzrrer npeA cbfpaxAaHilTe cil. 3aatpuea lyxosuara ceMilHaptlF B gocrra ua flea-
:: Eenrpap il craBa c-bparHvlK ta l-eopru C. Paxoecxra B neqarHilqara Ha B. cKl , ^ Csr,rrrlra na llon Kptcrro (a cpeAara Ha npeAHiln pep). ltnrn
"AyHaBcKlA ne6eg". C fleecxtl ce 3ano3HaBa oxono 1862 r. n no HeroBo Hac- llon Kptcro roAr4Hr4 ce cmRta, ve rofi e npegarefiflT Ha Baciln fiegcril.
.,
:: TOflBaHe BeAHara e npilBneqeH B KoMl/TeTa e tloee..l. Anocrona fo npileMa yvrrpa e fioeeu
:i: Sa e,qilH oT AOBepeHilTe Cu XOpa. nper 1BB1 r., a Hapnilcbr Ha naMerHara n.noqa B xpalt "YcneHre 6oropo-
:: n pe3 1872 | non Kptcrto e Ha3HaqeH 3a Bralr4tllK/l HaMecrHtlK e floee'I, guuno" r nacra'. " B ro:u xpam cnyxil non Kptcro Tores H n ru$opoe, xm san:
::' nopagn Koero nMa pa6ora c rypcKtlre Bnacrv tA e cbBerHr4K e o6qra- 1838-'1881 r., 6opeq 3a qbpKoBHl4, HaqmoHanHn il coqilanHil ceo6ogt't.
::, Hara. lzlrrnexpa orraM TpbrBa MbuBara, ue rotl npegasa Anocrona. flpu Ceerrtara My naMer 6e nompavasana 1 20 roguuu".

HeArcLlilnnilHilpaHocT Totl 3annauBa He caMo
crlrfypHocTTa Ha opfaHil3aqtAflTa, HQ noAKOnaBa il
aBTopilTera Ha HefiHrifl cb3Aaren il Bcenpn3Har
rnAep. lloprrrrlau e or 6par o , AaHatAn llonos, u or
Epyfr4 qneHoBe Ha opraHil3aqnFTa il ocTaBa caM/ Ho
3araFBa B ce6e cil 3no6a v oMpa3a KbM Anocrona.
Ha 14 aerycr 1872 r. IeBcKvt n Byrbo BeroB - Am6uquo:srsr !uvrrtp o6qr
ce BKroqBa B il3rpaxAaHero Ha
or c. Br/Apape Bnil3ar npeApeueHil B KbLqara Ha BbrpeuHara peBonollfl oHHa opraHil-
JioBeulKvtfl rlop6aAxilff lenuo Xana,ia, 3a Aa ro :aqun. llo-xtcro reo6uucleHo npaer
npilHyAFr Aa AaAe napil 3a KoMfirera. leHvo ne e pa3KplilTnfl, KoilTO n03BonflBaT Ha
TypcKara anacr 4a o6e:epeAr qacr or
y AoMa cv v re nonaAar Ha HeFoBrlF parafi croil'ro, il3rpaAeHara or Ieecxr KoMflTercKa
25-rogrLueH, Koirro 3anoqBa Aa BilKa 3a noMot!. Mpexa.

llo-rucHo lrarvrrarup
Ao6bp cbro3H14K.
0614rzr uamrpa B HeroBo nilqe Cr6rrrpar ce MHoro xopa il 3a Aa He 6tgar pa:xpr,rlzr,
Ieacxn e npilHyAeH Aa ro y6ile. llo-xtcno, no
BpeMe Ha c-bAe6HilF npoqec, ToBa c-b6t4r[4e ce
oKa3Ba Saranno 3a Anocrona, rbtZ Karo Byrbo
Beroa n pr:Ha Ba 3a y6nilcrBoro Ha creAcrBilero.
Ieecril npeABilxAa roreMilTe pilcKoBe n onac-
HOCTil, KOr/iTO KpUe TepOp-bT 3a ocBo6oAt4TenHoTo
Aeno. 3aroBa ce onilTBa Aa npeAna3il opraHil3aLlilFTa
or yBneqeHfie no noAo6Ht4 AeficrBl4F. C roea ne ce
cbo6pa3FBa !urvrrrrrrp O6lJrtt nt 6er npegeapurenno
o6c-bxgaHe c tleBcKvr, Ha 22 cenreMapv 1872 r.,
3aeAHO C qreHOBe Ha TereBeHcKt/ifl KoMilTel o6ilpa
rypcKara nou.la B Apa6arouax, npeBo3BauJa napilre
or cb6paHilre AaH'bqt4.
MHoro cKopo Bracrra pa3KpilBa 06ilpa tA

3aA-bpxa Bcilr.rK[4 yqacrHilqil B Hefo. l1o epeue

KbKpffHcKoro xaHqe cneA Bb3craHoBffBaHero My. lloco,leHa e
rpeAara,3a xorro e 6nn:aet,p3aH IeBiKl4]tneA 3anaBFHero My.
Ha cneAcTBilero noBeqero or rffx npaBflT n'bnHLl
caMonpil3HaHilfl. cbo6paxeHilFra 3a noAo6Ho
noBeAeHile ca npoAriKTyBaHil oT TypcKilTe 3aKOHl/1,
cnopeE KovtTo lrcAailHr4LlilTe ce HaKa3BaT c no-IeKtl
npilcbAr4. ,[r,runrrp o6rqra palrpilBa qeflflTe Ha
opraHil3aqilflTa, 3a Aa 3Hafr Bct4tlKtl, qe o6ilpbT e
l43BbptlleH OT noflilTl4qecKil BparOBe Ha ilMnepilflTa,
KOyTTOHe Ca KpilMnHaJlHtl npecTbnHilqn/ a
peBonoqiloHepil. no eAilH TBbpAe HailBeH HaqnH
rorir B KpafiHa cMerKa AaBa ilHOopMaqilF 3a HFKol4
oT peBonloqiloHHilTe KoMilTeTil.
 Cnneprra, KofiTo cnmpa
nopvr tsMre F{a petson mumoHepa
Crlrr r{ KpaflT
flo epENas HA cJIEICTBT4ETo 3a o6rrrpa ua xa3Hara
:raBa il3BecrHo ilMero Ha fleecxil. Cen4eren e yvu-
-e,rRr lzieaH Innoe OypHaAXileB/ ceKperap Ha Tere-
3eHcKl4fl peBonoLl4oHeH KoMnrer. Tofi npaer unoro
-oqeH cnoBeceH noprper na Anocrona il Bnacrra e
3HaqflTenHo ynecHeHa npil il3At4pBaHero My.
,tleecrm HayqaBa aa o6rpa B cpegara Ha oKroMBpt4, ,;'r"{$i$"
-oKaro o6nxann KoM/rrerrre e Cpe4uoropuero. Be-
roFTHo ryK nonytlaBa nilcMoro Ha IoeeurvrR KoMurer t
: foKaHa no-6rp:o Aa 3aMilHe:a rloeeq. Oruaqano E*l
: iiocrona HFMa HaMepeHile Aa ce Bp'bula raM/ 3au.loro
a 3anoqHar ceoRra pa6ora no peopraHil3allrnTa Ha
io',r4TerilTe, il ce :a6aeR ABa Meceqa e loxHa Sura- --:
:,rr. lTpe: Bropara nonoBilHa Ha AeKeMBp,4 rpbrBa i

:: 3,rairxo, Ho He no uara-xparxrn nbr a npe3 loeeq.,,ii::

l'.',nra ce, r.le npilqilHa 3a roBa e nilcMo ua 6parnra
,aruHoBr4, Koero pa3Kpr4Ba npeAaTencrBoro Ha eAilH {-i*{r:::i
:- qfreHoBeTe Ha KoMnTeTa.
(aro N,trHaaa npea loaev il B3eMa AoKyMeHTr4Te Ha
fleacrn rp-brBa c Hrronqo l-lenrxoe-5axrp-
-a'.ir,1rera,
:{;1FTa :a Tlpuoeo. Ct6vtnan npe3 cneABaulilTe
-; <oJr Ko AHIA V1 AO AHeC npeAil3Br/KBar CnOpOBe CpeA

- . :3rra il nocneAHilF qac Ha Bacrn tleBcxr (,!nxora) B 1873 t. - ^ Kosaxlr e Co$ur, KbAero e npoBexgaHo creAcrBilero

: l.'',reor Cuueonoe (i\4osara), npeAil 1881 [ Ha apecryBaHhre Aefiqr ra BPO, BKnbqilTenHo u leecxv.

r4cropr4rlilTe. Cnopeg eAHa or HarZ-parnpocrpaHeHr,rre

Bepcvll 3a 3anaBflHero Ha Anocrona, npfi il3ail3aHero
orloeeq ril cpeularABe :anrrera. CneA pa3MilHaBaHe-
To crapu[FT Ha narpyna, lOceuH 6ou:HaK ce ycbMHFBa
B TFX 14 KbCHO BeqepTa CneA ABaMaTa Tp-brBa nQTepfl.
llper Hoqra cpeuJy 27 AeKeMBp/r 1872 r. rypqwe za-
naeRr lescxr4 B xaHa Ha c. KrrpmHa. 6e: ga nogoanpar

Koro Bcblt1Hocr ca 3anoBilnr4, Te ro orBexAar e tloeeq,

a orraM Ttpuoeo, K-bgero e pa3no3Har, a v caMnflr
- e
rofi nprruaea, qe e fleecxil. Cnope4 "Elrorpa$vrnra Ha
I1eecKA", HanilcaHa or 3axapu CroRnoe, Anocrona :aR-
eRea: "A:r crrur Bacmnrt leecxu, vene xarearu flRxo-

lr\ Hrru. He crmu xaftgyrrHb, KaKTo Bile Me Hapilqare, Ho

qoBeKb KaTo Bcr4LrKilTe BauJil pail, c'b TaF caMo pa3nnKa/
tF, eg qeo6rqaur HapoAa cil, Koero He e rpex-b 3a urxoroj'
Bnacrure peuaBar Aa ro il3npaBffr npe4 cr4a e Co-
Qrr. Anocrona Ao nocneAHo rail HaAexAa, qe Apyra-
pilre My ule opraHil3l4par HeroBoro oceo6ox4aeaHe.
Cnope4 HFKor4 l43ToLtHIAUV raKABa onrril ilMa, Ho re
He ca ycneuHu. EpltncreeHo KoMilTer-br eue Benilxo
TupHoeo cBr4KBa 3aceAaH?re, Koero Aa opraHti3ilpa
ocao6oxgaeaHero Ha fleecxil, Ho MepKnre 3a cTiryp-
HOCI HanO)KeHil OT BIaCTTa/ Bb3nilpaT noBeqeTo qne-

' .\[}T& TA p,r n{}r$f,&tif.{ ri,qffi lt& &a#iJIL fi*&rsf {r,i**r*Na }

HoBe Aa yqacrBar. B cnomeumre cr Xpmcro TleaHoe-
loneurn nNrue: "Karo cil BuTAFXMe cvnnre, u]oro Ha
 Bm6nnoreKa Ha crroMenllTe

MY3EflT HA ANOCTO'IA B POAHr4fl Mv rPAfl

Poguumgou Ha Baort rleecril a Kapnoeo e Bb3craHoBeH npe:.1933 r., a npe3 Ha 9apgaxnneaara Kbqa.

1937 r. o-rBapn Bparn Karo uy:et)t. Br:craHot.*utu polll,T*u B npogtnxenr,re Ha Aecert4flerhfl B

"1lno.tonu_" 11.] My3ef ca cr'6r,rparu H ce c'bxpaHflBar
or uy:erluuR KoMnreKc, rorro ctqecrayBa go AHec c noBeqe or 70-ro4uLuna llcro-
pran. llpe: 1 954 r. ruqara ny:eti "Bacnn lleecxn" e arnoqeHa B AbpxaBHara nyreilHa peAilqa qeHHocTtl. cBbp3aHil c xl4BoTa
Mpexa, a npe3 1 955 r. e 6nn:ocr Ao Her e il3rpaAeHa 3ana 3a AoKyMeHTanHa eKcno3r4- il Aenoro Ha Bacltn fleacrh. B eKcno3il-
;;;il; ;.;;" o;;"rt s* ". ;'.tonroqr4oHepa, B KoM-"** to*" uiloHHaTa 3afla Ha KoMnneKca ca il3rlo-
1u..::1i1 ".::-
Kbula h MeMopilan- xeHM cHl4MKl4, Beqt4, AOKyMeHTU/ KpaTbK
no3ilr.lr4oHHa 3ana, 3ana 3a BpeMeHHil uznox6w,9apgarnuesara
Huflr napaKnrc"Bcil cgerilil 6tnrapcrn'l Or 1968 go 1992r. K'bqara ny:et7 e $ranuan fleTonilc, nocBeTeHil Ha poAHoTo MfcTo
ua lpagcxuR vlcropilqecKil rvryrerir a Kapnoao, a or 1993 r. e caMocroflrer"" il poAa Ha Anocrona, KaKTo t1 KaprHHl4 c
Yy.1i
rofiro e eguu or Hafi-noceqaeanlrie uemopna.nHil KoMn.neKcM a Etnrapran' Ha 21 HeroBilfl o6pa:, geno Ha BilAHtt 6tnrap- ^ flaMerHLlK ua vafrxata Ha Anocrona,
cKrr xyAoxHl4r..lvr. B :anara 3a BpeMeHHil HaMlrpaul ce B My3en Ha Bactrt tleBcKil B
ricnr,r 2000 r. rorl e o6RgeH 3a AbpxaBeH KynrypeH ilHcrl4Tyr c HaquoHarHo 3Ha'leHile
rp. Kapnoao.
-
il HailMeHoBaHue Haquoualen nlyrefi "Bacun fleecxil" Kapnoeo. Taxa raeMa ceo- uEnox6tt B MoMeHTa Morar Aa ce BilAflT
ero nogo6aeaqo Mncro Karo HaqiloHaneH MeMopl4alel my:eti, nocBereH Ha eAilH or AoKyMeHTvl 3a il3rpaxgaHero Ha naMerHilKa Ha leecril a Kaploeo r 3a_Bb3craHo-

ua il-6erexurure 6tnrapn. BrBaHero Ha poAHara My Kbqa, B MeMopilalHuR napaxnrac"Bcil cgerilll 6anrapcxn"

Or 1 994 r. e KapnoBo ce peanil3!4pa npoexr la HaqvoHanHtAfl tlHcrilryT 3a naMer- ce c-bxpaHnBar KocilTe Ha Anocrona, a a 9apgarnneaara Kbula e orpegeHo cneql4-
Hr4rlnre Ha Kynrypara (HlzlllK) :a B'b3craHoBRBaHe Ha oKorHara cpena Ha po4Ht/fl arHo Mrcro 3a Hayvnrzr 6r,rorpaSrzrrrHtt t43cneABaHilF tt xyAoxecrBeHa n/Teparypa 3a
gou ra Anocrona, pa3pyueHa B ronffMa creneH npes 50-re ra 60-re rogrHll na XX a. uero.3naqnrenua qacr orre3il Marepuann ca AapeHL4 Ha My3eR.
llpoexrtr npeABhxAa pa3uttpFBaHe Ha My3etHilR KoMrlreKc qpe3 B'b3craHoBF-
vt flsec tuv:eRr "Baciln flescxl,l" e BKnoqeH e 100-re Ha[.ll4oHaflHvl rypilcrilqecKr
BaHe Ha Bb3poxAeHcKtt Kbtqtl t4 t43rpaxAaHero Ha OH6auileeara rtL4a no nogo6ne o6erra u e npeAnoquraHo Mflcro 3a noceqeHme or MHoro ryptlcrl4.

npilKa3Ka 6Rxme uuoro, Ho Ha pa6ora

^ 3namero sa KapnoBcKuF peBonn-
qhoHeH KoMflTeT ce ctxpaHnBa B My3e9
B rpai4a.
ManKo, t4 To KaTO Ce n3nfiaufixa, qe
ocraHaxMe Xprzrcro EyHrrrro il TlBaHqo
3axa pn unra. l pyrtAre lA no6 3eMnra fl a
ril Tbpcr4rx ril HflMaj'
Ha 5 nHyapra 1873 r. Ieecrw e w3-
npaBeH npeA cbAa. Totl ycronea Ha
KpbcTocaHrTe pa3nilTu t/ He pa3KpilBa
HilKaKBil AaHHil 3a peBonoqiloHHaTa
opraHil3aqilf. crpemn ce Aa ce pa3rpa-
Hilqn oT il3BbpueHilfl o6t4p Ha xa3Ha-
Ta/ 3a Aa He ro ocbAFT 3a KpilMMHanHO
npecTbnfleHne. llpn:uaea eAilHcTBeHo
3a y6nr4crBoro Ha parafl Ha AeHqo Xa-
naqa B floBeq. Toea y6rrrrTrcreo ce coqu
Karo oopManHa npLlqilHa 3a cM-bprHara
npilcbAa/ MaKap qe cnopeA roraBauHM-
Te 3aKOHvi B oCMaHCKara rMnept/Ifl 3a

noAroToBKara Ha 6yHr ce npeABilxAa

^Ann Can6 naua e npeAceAaren
Ha KoMuctrflTa, xogro ctar Iegcru
qacr
3aTOqeHl/te. ^ PoEuara Kbula Ha Anocrona e Bb3craHoBeHa u e
or my:erirur KoMnneKc.
Ha 14 nHyapu 1873 r. Ieecril e oc-bAeH Ha cMbpr.
Ha22anyapv npilcbAara e norB-bpAeHa or cyrraHa.
3aurcneH e il oule eAilH nnaH 3a ocBo6oxgaBa- rexKil oKoBl4. 11pe4r 4a 6l4e u:ntnHeHa npucbAara,
Hero Ha Anocrona - Aa ce HanaAHe KoHBOFT nO n-bTfl roil ce r3noBflABa npe.q cBeuleHilKa non ToAop Mt/roB
3a UapilrpaA, K'bAero ce cMflra, qe ule 6'bAe orBeAeH. il ro MoIt4 Aa ro cnoMeHaBa B MonilTBt/Te Cil KaTO fie-
lzlEntnHeHreto Ha npncbAara B Co$nr o6aqe cBapBa poARKoH l4raatvir.
opra Hil3aropr4Te Ha nna Ha Ha nbrHo HenoArorBeH il. Kuge e nonoxeHo rflttoro Ha Anocrona cneA il3n-brl-
Ha 1B $eepyaprzr (6 Qeepyapil crap criln) B oKon- HeHilero Ha npilc-bAaTa, ocraBa 3araAKa il AO AHeC.
HOCTr/ire Ha roraBaulHa cosrrrn, 6nnzo po MfcroTo, Cnope4 HflKot4 cBeAeH vn roil e norpe6aH or non To-
K-bAeTO AHeC e naMerHilKbr Ha fleBcKl4, e L43AnrHara Aop Mt4rpoB 6nur:o 4o 6ecrnrara, a npe3 HolJ]ra rfl-
6ecnnra. Cnope4 cnoMeHnre Ha Milxailr Sy6oruHoe noro e il3BaAeHo il nofpe6aHo B onrapa Ha q-bpKBara
AeHFr e BropHr4K, na3apeH AeH. IeBcKl4 e o6neqeH c "Ceera llerra CaMapAXt/tZcKa'i HaAexgHt t 14crop14qec-
ApexilTe, c Kot4To e 3anoBeH B K-bKpt4HCKOTO XaHqe, il C Kh cBeAeHilR 3a roBa o6aqe nnncBar.
AeroTo Ha AuocToJra Ha
cBodolaTa
Jlescrcu ilpo-f,BrBa KaqecrBa Ha u3KJrroqr{TeJreH opraHr43arop, r4Aeonor r4
BoAaq Ha Harlr4oHaJrHoro peBonroqr4oHHo ABlrxeHkre. Tofi ycnflBa MHoro
roqHo Aa rrpo3pe HyxAara or 4o6pa opraHr43ar\vrfl r4 rroAroroBKa, 3a Aa
HMa rrraHc 3a yclex eAHo BbcraHrre. AnocronaBratarlfl.nuta crr eHeprn;r
B ocHoBaBaHero Ha KoMrlTercKa Mpexra, Ko-rrro e -flAporo na BtrpelrlHara
peBonloqrroHHa opraHu3arlu.s. Tofi ilopa3.f,Ba c rz3KJlloqvrelrnata eu
nceor4afiHocr na oceo6oArrrenHoro Aeno Ha cBor HapoA rr ocraBa
BepeH Ha cBo_fl peBonroqr4oHeH Abnr- Ao ceTHrrfl cv qac.

Honuqr rrbr rrpeA HaurronaJrHo-

ocno6o4ureJrHoro ABrDr(eHrre
E yEEAEH, ve 6'urrapcruRr HapoA rpn6sa
./TTEBCKI4
ICaM Aa 3aflBvr CBOeTO XenaHne 3a He3aBhCl4MOCT
H CaMOCTOflTenHO A'bpXaBHO ynpaBfleHile h qe TOBa
MOxe Aa cTaHe qpe3 BbrpeuHa opraHu3aqhF 4 Bce-
HapogHo B-bcraHhe. Egea enoclegcrBile cne4Ba Aa ce
Tbpcu noAKpena or B'bHulHl4 cbto3Hr4tlt4. TorTr ecn.Jec-
KH ce onnrBa ga y6epn 6rrnrapcxara eMurpaqufl, qe
e HyxHo qeHlbpbr Ha peBonoquor-rnara 6op6a ga ce
npeHece e nopo6eHure repilropr414. Xopara rpn6ea 4a
ce noAforBfll Bbopbxar il opraHu3upar npeABaph-
TerHo 14 ToBa e LlenTa Ha peBonloquoHHilTe KoMuTeTil.
C rnx ce nonarar ocHoBlrre Ha HoB nbr Ha pa3Bylrile Ha
oceo6ognrennoro Aeno. flo4o6na uAefl Beqe e Ha3pfl-
na, Ho rMeHHo Anocrona oc'b3HaBa nerlnoro 3HaqeHne
,! 3ano'rBa ocbulecrBflBaHero fi cuc 3aMaxa Ha Hapo-
AeH BoAaq. 6ponr na qacrHilTe peBonrcqiloHHtA KIMV-
TerH, Kor4To fieecxu t4 cbMyltureHuqnre My c'b3AaBaL
xa6ponea noBeqe or400.
Brrpeurnara peBoJrrcrlrroHHa
opraHrr3aqrar (BPO)
l1pe4m fleecrra Aa 3anoqHe peanu3mpaHero Ha cBo-
frra MVct A, 3HaqeHhero Ha co6creeHilre cnnu e 6op-
6ara :a oceo6oxgenre ua 6uraprre e chnHo noAqe-
xeno. PaEqura ce Ha noAKpena orB'bH, nuqero Ha Apyrn
B fleecru par6rpa, qe 3a Aa Moxe Aa Synrqraonrapa
AbpxaBu u 6unrapcrara eMurpallnn. Oprann:mpar ce
qeru, Kot4To 4erlcrear orpaHmqeHo n caMocrofrenHo.
Anocrona npbB ce o6ReRea 3a n'bnHa He3aBilct4Mocr Ha
6un ra pcxoro peBon pL14oH H o-oceo6oguren Ho AByrxe-
Hhe oT B'bHutHV BI|nAHAA U 3a Cb3AaBaHe Ha B'bTpeUHa
peBonpLl4oHHa opraHil3aqiln. B npoexroycraBa Ha
opraHu3aqilflra, HapeqeH "Hape4a na pa6ornuqrre ra
oceo6oxpenuero na 6unrapcruRr napog'i ca nocoqeHh
cpeAcTBara/ Kor4ro ca HyxHil 3a u3B'bpuBaHe Ha peBo-
n oqunra: "3a u3B'bpur r4oBa H yrero H a ra KBa3il peBynyqhfl
Hy)r(H14 c'b: 1.) Ypexganrae, 2.) tlapn,3.) Xopa,4.) Opuxne,
n Apytvt 6orlrr,r norpe6ral' ,Qoxyvrenlbr RcHo onpe-
AenF crpyKrypaTa Ha peBonpquoHHara opraHil3aqhfl.
Bupxoeeu ynpaBnflBaul opraH e Llenrpanxunr peeo-
npquoHeH KoMilTeI, a ra 4einocrure no Mecra orroBa-
pflr qacrHrre peBonbquoHHr4 KoMhrerh. Llerrpannnnr
peBonoqnoHeH KoMnrer ce c-bcror4 oT eAhH npeAceAa-
rer il eAilH
noAnpeAceAaTen,nucafu noMor{Hl4K, Kacilep
u ceAeM unera. B ycraea il3pt4qHo e cnoMeHaro, qe eAilH
or rnx rpR6ea Aa e cBeqeHhK. BpepcegarenflI, nncapnl
TexHilTe noMorlHr4qr4u Kacuepbr ce ra:6rapar or qreHo-
BeTe Ha KOMI/TeTa, KaTO BCl4LtKt4 rMaT paBHU npaBa.
Bue eceril rpag ce npeABnxfla Aa ce opraHn3hpa
9acren peBonpLl4oHeH KoMureT, xofiro o6xeauqa
14 oKorHilTe cena il uMa crpyKTypa Karo ra3u Ha
lenrpanuun KoMrrer. Te:u opraruaaquu nMeHHo
pa6ornr npffKo 3a opraHu3upaHe Ha peBonpLl4-
sra. Te ca HanbfiHo paBHonocraBeHr noMexrqy cu
h AupeKTHo cBbp3aHil c [enrpanxrafl KoMurel Ha - flpoerroycraetr Ha BPO e Aeno
sa Bacun Ieecxu.
rofiro ce orqurar. lzlnQoprvratlunra, KoRTo re u3npa-
qar Ha LleHrpanunn KoMureI, racae 6pon Ha Hacene-
Hure Mecra B AaAeHfiR parion;6pon il Hapo4Hocrra Ha
xilreflnre r,rna; 6pon Ha pHaqhTe, cnoco6nu Aa HocFT
op'bxne, tA BuAa Ha opbxileTo, c Koero pa3nonarar;
HanilqueTo Ha xopa c KaqecTBa 3a BoeBoAl4; Haanq-
HOTO KOnhqeCrBO xr4ro, OBeC, eqeMUK yl Apyra xpaHa;
6pon na KoHere, BonoBere, KpaBure, oBLlere il Apyrrre
xyrBoTH14 u Epyfw cBeAeHufl.
eAHa raKaBa aceo6xearHa crpyKrypa, e HyxeH KoHTpon.
Toau ronrpon e noBepeH sa Tafina KoMmrercKa noru-
qr4n, KoFTo Aa "HarneABa pa6orara Ha qacHilre KoMrreru,
u Aa u3BbpurflBa HaKa3aHuflTa Ha npecT'bnHmqhTe Ha
saroHa': Bpurxnre uexgy LlerrparHufl KoMhrer h qacr-
HnTe KOMhTeTU Ca noBepeHil Ha KOMUTeTCKa noula.
Peeonoquonnara opraHu3aqufl ce noAqilHflBa h Ha
co6creeH HaKa3areneH 3aKoH, B roriro ca npeABilAeHil
HaKa3aHilF C'bC CMbpT 3a npecTbnBaHe Ha OnpeAene-
Hfire npaBhra. f'lo4o6no HaKa3aHue rpo3r4 Aopr4 vt oH3tA,
xofi ro "nenpu nornari LlerrparH nfl rb Peeynyqrouepenu
Eunrapcxur Kounreru, h noilcKa Aaca ynilra no cBofl
rnaBa Aa nograrxe 6ynrrr'i
 "flena rpn6Bar, a He gyMrd."

B'urpeuruara peBonpLlt4oHHa opraHil3aqilr Ha npaK-

rilKa noAroTBfl eAHo 6-bAeulo AbpxaBHo ycTpofrcrBo/
3anafalqo Ha npuHllilnilTe Ha qeHTpanh3upaHa AeMoK-
parilqHa cilcTeMa. Ha no-rrtcen eran AnocTona 3anara
Ha no-ronflMa AeqeHTpanil3aquF Ha opraHu3allvlflTa vl
cb3AaBa peBonpllvroHHvr oKpb3il vl oKpbxH14 qeHrpoBe.
Crpyxrypara Ha BPO pa3KpilBa opraHu3aqiloHHvlfl
reHhfi Ha fleecru il pa3Maxa npil peanh3hpaHe Ha
3aMUCbJra My. TF npoAbnxaBa Aa AeficTBa il cnefl Hero-
BOTO 3anaBflHe il O6eCBaHe il e B OCHOBaTa Ha Cb6t4-
rtAATat AOBenV AO AnphncKoTo BbcraHile il noBAilra-
HeTO Ha Bbnpoca 3a nonoxeHileTo Ha 6bnfapuTe B
Ocnagcrara ilMnepilfl.

3ar<onoAare"'I Ha peBorroquqra
Karo reuuanen opraHh3arop fleecril cuqetasa e ce6e
cu uAeonora!4 cTparefa Ha 6'bnrapcKoro peBonoqh-
oHHO-OCBO6OflilTerHO ABilXeHile. 6eg CUUnenUe, :a
BCr4qKr4 CBOL| CbMt4uneHilqil TOfi e npU3BaH|AAT V npl 3-
HaTURT 3aKOHO[aren Ha peBontoqilflra. lenra ua leecxh
e Aa HanpaBil HapoAa cbnpuqacreH K'bM BerilKoTo Aero
Ha cBo6oAara. Totl oc'usHaea, qe o6nKHoBeHnRr 6ura-
pilH e To3r4, xofiro qe noHece qflnara rexecr Ha 3aAaBa-
u.lilTe ce c'b6urt fl vr r4e rpn6ea Ea xeprBa AoM il qenflA
3a cBoFra cBo6oAa. Cur.rleeperueHuo o6aqe fleecru He
noAqeHFBa ponffTa Ha eMilrparlilflra, npeBbpHana eAHa
rger B cBori xilreficKvt vB6op. Anocrona npeKpacHo
^ nffcMo Ha fleBcKil go Il. Kapaaenoe.
Karo uctuHcxlt ct4H Ha cBoF rapog fleacru no3HaBa
n3KnrcqnrerHo 4o6pe ueroeara EyueBHocr. Tofi e
y6e4en, qe peBonpqnflra HFMa Aa ycnee, 6ea ga ce
onupa Ha "ecrecreeHara chna Ha Hapoga'i xotitro, or
Apyra crpaHa, rpn6sa 4a 6uge go6pe nogroreeu. Toea
ce npeBp'br.qa B HeroBa uucvrR. Anocrona o6rralR
h3crpa4anara 6'urrapcxa 3eMfl il ce onurBa ga ct6ypu
Eyxa Ha narpilol43Ma h qyBcrBoro 3a AocrofiHcrBo B
o6hrHoeeHilR 6urapcru cerfl HvrH.

pa36upa orpoMHara orroBopHocl c Koflro ce e Harbp-

6ur. Karo qoBeK Ha Abnra rotZ orpuqa BctKa nponBa 3nauero, Ha Koero rruilre toCnqra I,I

Ha caMoBracrve A HeAtAc+tAnn hH il paHocr. cu:xaeafi xvt

qr,rcra pe[y6r[Ka"
Heo6xoAr4Mocrra or o6ul4 npaBilna, Ha KoilTo Aa ce noA- B rasil reHilanHa nilqHocl roroBa Ha ce6eorpuqaxre
^ Ha14-BLlcoKt4gr naMerHilK Ha IeBcKt4
e e loeeq (ancovrra 1 4 M). HaA 1 00 na qr4HFBa AeriHocrra Ha opraHu3aquAra,roil ce 3aeMa cbc
B ilMero na o6qoro Aeno, ce Kpue eAilH BenilK EbpxaB-
MerHu 3Haqu Ha Anocrona ca pernc- 3aAaqaTa Aa il3pa6oru peBonpLI4oHeH npoeKroycraB. Hr/K,3a Kororo qenra Ha 6op6ara e RcHo 14 KareropilqHo
rprparu e burapna v uyx6uta.
Beper-rna cBoilTe npuHqunv, Ileecnt cno4enn 3aMuc- onpe4eneHa: "C e4xa o6qa peBontoqilr Aa ce HanpaBil
'' "", "'i:i'
-.*:.:.>;.j,"a?-:f .,+:
T* .,+::;4:-rr+i:i.'i*r .
nure cu c'bc cBolrre nah-6nusrn cbMr4uneHuqil. Heqo KopeHHo npeo6paayeaxile Ha cerauHara AbpxaBHa Eec-
t : +'
noBeqe, rorl il3npaula npoeKra Ao orAenHhTe KoMvl- norcKo-TilpaHcKa cncreMa il fla ce 3aMeHil c AeMoKpar-
:*i :.:::::j,:1;:1;:i
reru e brnrapcro c mon6a Aa HanpaBnr ceou 6enexxu cxa peny6nu xa (napogno yn pa ener.r rae).' HeroBilff r hAean
-$Lw ,ifu*xtrtta- :
no Hero. Egea cne4 BcuqKo roBa, e EyKypeul e cBilKaHo e "Cenra il qucra peny6ntttxa", B Koflro Bcr4qKil xopa ule
|zf:ett*l tq#yfif rryr:"
!9j.-&#9*;6e:f;as*s 0614o c'u6parhe, Ha Koero Aa ce npileMe peBonrcLliloH- xuBerr "no4 e.qHil qvcrv tA ceeru laroHn" ra "rL1e 6t4ar
!-e'*"',n;#16*;pe*.&. r .,:r : HI4RTyCTaB. ErO aaUlO MOXe Aa Ce rBbpAvr, qe no cbuJec- paBHonpaBHr,r BbB BcFKo ornouenue". Teru u4en ca
**el,4&Xr** r' . i
TBO TO3r4 AOKyMeHT He e npOCTO eAilH npaBunHuK, a egran ceoeo6pa3eH or3ByK Ha ilAeaflure, npoBb3rnaceHH
v-4,tt*4rtw4k8&#! '
E<jffiL4Sfh:. qFnocrHa nonilThqecKa nporpaMa. or Benurara Qpencxa peBonpqilfl - ceo6o4a, paeeu-
:.
*.;"G",-. .#a;n,
a-".., .,..
'L - -.e a.-- a,L t-:_1;tu"-- creo,6parcrao. Cau Anocrona onpegenn cbrLlt/Hara Ha
^.4;:
* -_e._/?;*;F+4..
E. r_ ",J*f+.rjt*;d!:: :
Bnugrrc Ao cr,puero Ha HapoAa u4eonornnTa rara: "Bpeue e c eAilH Tpyfl Aa cneqenrM
,4- j
P - -.-- 2{ri)e:satt;4t oHoBa, Koero ca r-bpcilnil il Tbpcflr 6parnra Qpauqyau,
i- -i,;-s"---,.-" r ,.-;,,,.,,.":;r-1i,,,1 [nnara 4etanocr Ha AnocTona e nocBereHa Ha
Yt--.^:*x
V- * - 4:.- ?" 'l*r^ ,.-E ..:......:'..:.' eAHT4qKOTO CTpeMneHile B HefoBr4fl XT4BOT - Aa BIAU r.e. Mna4a Opanqran, rvrna4a Pycun u np. Konxo cKbno L4

+.,-4"*"**.*::i*.A:,::
,- -"^ *s;^t":';-:
:

' c KaKBil nry6vr? 6par 6para, crar 6aqa, 6ar.r1ara cfiHa Aa

,;;;:, .
: '. , :::.' , - cBoR HapoA cBoero oreqecrBo ceo6o4nu. Tasn Mucll
14

,, My AaBa cnnu h HaAex4a u e natT-rexKilTe MuroBe Ha y6rrrea? Cera e BpeMe Aa npeBaprM ToBa 3ro. 3au.lo Aa
a
e - -.-,-. .:.,- .,-tu"r-t, BoELTM Bropa 6op6a?". Peaonoqrnra rpn6ea 4a raa6asr,r
"-"-:

,::,;;i;i;;e'. . :. HecroAil u nvweHVA e 6uruero cil Ha peBonpqnoHep. HapoAa or BcrKo po6creo v rtApa+n+ u or BcflKa col1l4-
.. ....
t ---..:,'r.---- 4!ai;*ii
- t"**,-a!!fs-. 3a nero e BaxHo Aa BVAr ilAeana cil oc'bulecrBeH, nbK arHa HecnpaBegnneocr. CnopeA Hero efluHcrBeHo AeMoK-
:-.
"
:' . ,..:, "aro ular ro Hapegil Aa nace n natxvte" nocne. Tash parnqHoro peny6ruxancro ynpaBneHhe u.le AaAe Ha
xopara uaHca caMil Aa 6tgar rocno4apu ua c'up6ara cu.
:; ,' ,.;; o6nafr , a 6earoprcrHo saReRea: "Aa cuu ce o6eulan na
,, .,' Hoeara 4rpxaBa ule e "mxororpatina AbpxaBa, tl3rpa-
:. : ."..::t:::i.1. OTeqecTBoTo cil xepTBa ra ocao60x4eHileTo My, a He Aa AeHa no HoBoro sngaxe", nuue Anocrola B eAHo or nhc-
.]'1,-":,,', 6rga rori sHae rarbel' Mara cil 4o flro6en Kapaeenoa.
 6op6ara e HacoqeHa KaKro cpeqy rypcKara rocnoA-
crBar{a Knaca, TaKa u nporne 6unrapcKrre vop6agxnr,
Kor4To fl noAKpennr. CamrRr Ieecril nuue: "gaxave
Bm Aa ycerfire ropqilBilre cbn3il Ha 6egHrn Hil Hapo4,
xofiro e eeve e rparlHo rerno. To He! Brarl My nuere oule
KpbBra il ro npeAaBare Ha MpbcHr4F MbquTefl. peuunn
cMe ce:ilnil 4a er cr6epervr, vnv Aa er noparuvrl'
Xa4yaanara ceo6o4a e 3a BcurlKt4 o6vrxHoeeun xopa
He3aBucuMo or rFXHara HapoAHocr. B u4eonornRra
ua legcxu HflMa Mncro 3a uJoBt4Hn3bM, rotl ocurHaaa,
qe caMo TaKa ule Moxe Aa ce nocTurHe cnpaBeEnilBa
cficreMa, Korro Aa npeAorBparu 6uger4ra xonQnuxru.
Anocrona RcHo 3afBrBa roBa e nncuo:"!a c-bcilneM, Ka3-
BaM, rHnrara u 6eraronsa AbpxaBa, Ho He xopara, He
xeHrre il Aeqara nu. [Crrara] caMo Aa ce noKopFT Ha rop-
qe ca na] paeHo c 6tnrapraHal'
Hr4re cBeril 3aKoHt4, [re
B crxgenrnra cv lleecxu He ce orpaHilqaBa caMo
4o ceo6ogara ua co6crseHrff cil HapoA, rori xenae
cbu.loro v na"6patnra crp6rrr, pyluutlt4, qepHoropllyt 14
npli l-lpuetpxeHilK e Ha 3aApyxHara 6op6a na Bcvtelvt
nopo6eHra 6anxascxlr Hapopl4 :a ceo6o4a il e roroB Aa
noAaAe ptxa "ecexnmy, xorirro uqe nponilBa KpbB c Hac
3aeAHo 3a xnBor u ceo6oga qoeeura'i
B gyuara cu Anocrona Meqrae oceo6opeHa Eulrapran
4a 6rge e4na c-bBbpueHa AbpxaBa, B Korro Aa rMa cnpa-
BeglhBocr il npaBo 3a Torl e y6egen, qe e4ilH-
BcytLtKr4.
cTBeHilffT HaqilH TOBa [a Ce OCbqecTBr, e qpe3 eAHa
" cBFm v vracra peny6nra xa",
u e yctaea na 6p!K 3anilcBa:
"Axo nRrora npe3pe il orxBbpnil npe4HaqepraHara
Abp-
xaBHa chcreMa - AeMoKparcra peny6nraxa r c-bcraBu
raprnv 3a AecnoTcKo-TilpaHcKa vntA KoHclAryqroHHa
(uonapxr,rqna) cucreMa, To il TaKrBa ule ce cqilTar 3a
HenpfiRTenu Ha OTeqeCTBOTO t4 qe Ce HaKa3Bar CtC Crvrupt.'
Cso6oAara Karo Hafi-cBsrara ueHHocr
3A BCEKII IIOBEK
Cso6o4ara cnopeA fleecxil e BbpxoBHo 6naro. Tn e
"Hafi-cesrara pa6ora Ha qosera" r rorZ "rpn6oa
4a ce
crpeMh ruu 4en"nper qerrufl cr4 xt4Bolgoraro po6creo-
ro rpn6ea 4a e "Hafi-nporueHo Ha qoBeqecreoro,i l4trneH-
Ho crpeMexor xurvr ceo6o4a xapa leecru Aa il3ocraBlt
cnoxofinuR xr4Bor Ha MoHax H Aa npegnoqere cnpx6ara
Ha oreqecrBo_'re.@,npei$@.m*hyrrca *n fqr&Tofi He __..,
Moxe.Aa ce nprMilpt4 c po6crBoro n HepaBHonpq4erq.,,
14 HKajga pa3_Kbca oKoBt4re na 5O0-rogtrlUt{gro
trto;.,
t&.rag
HapogHara cr,r pa6oral' Ceo6c
':'i';
P r 5 fS:e:
f&L
Mara xeprBa - co6ctaeH hqt xueor. Taeu xeprBororoBHocr
u:4nra Anocrona Ha4 o6rxHoBeHnre xopa il onpeAerrfl He-
foBaTa Muc?tff. M4cwa,roqro rofi il3nbnHflBa nocneAoBa,
TenHo u qeneycrpeMeHo, FcHo ocu:uaearlxrzt, qe ycnexbr
e Bb3MoxeH caMo npil Hanilqile Ha go6pa opraHil3aqilfl.
Oceo6o4rarenHoro Aero rpn6aa Aa ce noAeMe or xopa-
ra no qrrara 6rnrapcra revs. Te cuc co6creeHrA cvnv
rpn6ea He caMo Aa u3BooBar cso6ogara cu or"4ecnorc-
KO-TilpaHCKara cilcTeMa'; Ho il 4a il3rpaAFr eAHa HoBa
AbpxaBa cbc cbBbpueno ycrpoficreo.
floc.[eAoeared'IHocrra B opraHu3arlrrfra
rr Ar,rcq[rr!'ruHaTa Ha Haur.roHaJrHoocBooo-
AUTEIIH OTO ABIT}IrcHI,IE
Bacnn IescrrBfpBa, qe 6rtnrapcrunr Hapog Moxe
caM Aa r43BopBa ceo6o4ara cw.3a razw qen e HyxHa
cunHa r crporlHa opraHn3aLlilfl, KoffTo Aa ocvrypu
noAforoBKara r il3ntrHeHuero Ha ocao6ognrenHara
peBontoqun. Taau opraHraaqran rpn6ea Aa il3xox4a or
HapoAa il Aa 3anara Ha npilHqilna Ha AeMoKpar4qHilff
LleHrpanil3bM. Cuc ceoilre r4eil peBonpqiloHep-br
nofiara ocHoBilTe Ha HoB eran B HaqiloHanHooceo6o-
AilTenHara 6op6a. lzlueHHo rsx rorit peanil3ilpa qpe3
c'b3AaBaHero na Brrpeuluara peBonolll4oHHa opra-
Hu3aqvn n uehanaa ycrae. Torl nocraBn HoBl4 qerrr il
rA3ttcRBaHVA npeA BceKu narprol rorlro ua6rapa xa-
y3ara Ha cso6o4ara. llocraaeHara qer e BilcoKa n 3a
nocrufaHero fi e nyxna eguHHocr 14 ctuacyBaHocr Ha
4erlcrernra. Bcexu qneH Ha opraHn3aqunra rpn6ea 4a
- ce BoAt4 or o6r4nre hHrepecn. Anocrona par6rapa, ve
caMocTofl Tefi HilTe 4 XaOTnqHU peBonloqiloH H u npofl B?l
ca o6peveHn Ha Heycnex.
C gerlHocrra cil leecxr4 npoMeHff u r4eoflorilrra Ha
HaqiloHanHooceo6o4urennoro ABilxeHile. Bpeuero na
MaIKUTe qeTil e oTMLtHano, HytKHO e Aa Ce OpfaHil3ilpa
BbcTaHrqecKa apMuff, KoffTo Aa ilMa 3ApaBa opraHil3a_
qr4oHHa ocHoBa. Hprum ca cnoco6sr,r rorvraHArapN, go6po
BbopbxeHue 14 noEfoToBKa, 3a Aa MOXe ra3il apMnr Aa ce
n3npaBu cpeu{y peAoBHara eorlcxa Ha nMnepilFra.
CrpareruRra Ha fleecxn nMa 3a Llen nocrilraHero Ha
6uprn peeynrarq c HaHacflHero Ha peurrerrHl4 yAap[
Ha npol4BHt4Ka n 3aAbpxaHe Ha rHnqnarrBara. Bbc-
,:
Opraxusaqunra
"Mnaga Sunrapun"
Ha'1869 r. e 6yryper4 6tnrapcxn
QrOan
lJ eMilrpaHril il peBonrcLliloHHu Aeilqtl
yqpeAflBar HoBa opraHil3aqufl Ha 6urap-
cKoro peBonpqnoxuo-oceo6ogurefl Ho ABl4-
xeHile - 6urapcrr PeeonoquoueH L{en-
rpaneH Korvrrarer (EPUK). HeilHa ocHoeua qen
e Ea nponaraHpilpa hgeilre ua 6urrapcrara
HaLliloHanHa peBonoqilR u ga cugeftcrea
sa xefiHara noAroroBKa - ugerlua, nonvrtA-
qecKa u $ruancoea. llporpauara Ha KoMl4-
rera, Aeno na flp6en Kapaeenoe, e ny6nr,r-
KyBaHa Ha 1 aBrycr 1870 r. e u3AaBaHoro
e XeHesa pycKo eMilrpaHTcKo cnilcaHile
"Hapoguoe Aeno'l e 6poLuypara "burapcrvt
rnac" il ere secrHilx "Ceo6o4a'i rrgaeaH or
flrc6en Kapaeenoe e 6yrypeu1. llpnHqunnre
B HeF cfleABar re3il Ha c-b3garenfl ua fllp-
6urapcxa nerrfl Feopru C. Paxoacxil.
sara
lzlgenra 3a cb3AaBaHe na qenrup, rotZro
Aa p'bKoBoAt4 peBofltot-ll4oHHara gerlHocl
B'b3HriKBa npe: 1 868 r., cneg Karo e Eenrpag
e pa3nycHara Bropara 6tnrapcxa nerutt,
qerilre Ha Xagxra,lramnrup rzr CreSan Kapa-
gxa ca pas6nru.
llrpeara opraHil3aqnff, Kosro npereH-
Ailpa 3a raKaBa pbKoBoAHa ponn, e"Mna4a
bunrapran'i ctsgageHa B Haqatloro Ha 1869 r. e
Eyrypeq il c KnoHoBe B Apyril rpaAoBe Karo
6pavrna. Taau opraun:aqur He c'byMFBa
Aa
o6egvun oxono ce6e cu 6unrapcrara euu-
fpa\t A, pa3TbpcBaHa e oT B'bTpeuHn pa3-
HOrflacilF n ce npoBarf KaTo KoopAilHauil-
oHeH qeHlbp xa oceo6ogurenHara 6op6a.
B-unperN ToBa rfl ilrpae BaxHa ponn, rurl
Karo Ao KpaR Ha cbulecTByBaHeTo ct4 oKa3Ba
nopKpena Ha neecxn ra 4etlnocrra my e
6irnrapcrrre 3eMr no c-b3AaBaHe Ha peBo-
nllcquoHH14 KoMilTeTil.
Burpeurnara peBonKtqlroHHa
opraHu3aqnf
flgporo na 6rgeulun 6PL-lK ce o$oprun
or cr6panrare ce oKorlo peAaKql4nra Ha
n3AaBaHnfl or flro6ex Kapaeenoe eecr-
nnr "Ceo6oga'i Cpeg ocHoBarennre Ha
opraHr3allilFra e u Bacnn fieecru, xotlro
HacroFBa 3a npeHacfHe Ha noAroToBKaTa
ua 6rpeuloro B'bcraHile e 6unrapcrmre
aeur. l-ltpeouaqarHo rotZ se cpeula noA-
Kpena n 3aroBa ce Bpbqa B EtnraPnn,
K'bAero npog'bnxaBa cBoflTa 4eitxocr no
ocHoBaBaHe Ha KoMilTeril. [lo-rucuo npea
1870 r. e 6PLIK ce c'b3AaBar ABa LleHrbpa
- B'bHUeH il B"brpe$eH. BuHruHuRr e c
p'bKoBoAilren /}o6en Kapaeenoe n uma
3aAaqa Aa pa3BuBa peBonpqnoHHa npo-
naraHAHa getluocr u pa o6egwart 6unrap-
cKara eMilrpaqna.loh e cbc ceAanilr4e B
6yryper4. Burpeu:nrRr e napeven 6u-
rapcKr4 peBonlolll4oHeH qeHrpaneH KoMtl-
rer e bunrapcKo tAnv llpuepeueuno npa-
BrrelrcrBo. Ptxoaoguara ponr B HeFo e
a noBepeHa ua Bacrn fieecxil tr qenra My e
Aa ocbuecrBl4 opraHil3aqilFTa Ha BbCTa-
Hilero B 6unraprn.
flper nponerra aa 1872 r. e EYrYPeq
ce npoBexAa 0614o cu6pauue xa 6PLIK.
Ha nero ce npileMa HoB ycraB Ha opra-
HtA3aqu+ra, raapa6oreu or Bacun fieecxn,
vpe: xotlro ce yrBbpxAaBa cb3AageHara
or Hero Brrpeuxa peBonpqiloHHa opra-
HV3aqnA. Bsero e il peueHhe 3a no4ro-
ToBKa Ha eceo6r.rlo B'bcraHile e 6urap-
cxure geur. fleBcKil ce Bpbqa e Srrnrapnn
c'bc cneqilanHo n'bnHoMoLqHo, c Koero e
onpegeneH 3a rnaBeH anocroll e CeeepHa
Eunrapnn, Tpaxna u Mare4ouun, il npo-
A'bnxaBa ceonra gefi nocr.
lloeparna roqKa B ncropt4rra ua 6P{K
e HenoAqilHeHil-
ero Ha ,{vttunrup
O6qu. Btnpexu
u:pnuuara :a6pa-
na Ha Anocrona,
rorl u cno4erxnu-
qilre My o6rapar
rypcKaTa xa3Ha B
npoxoAa Apa6a-
xouax. L{enra rvt
( OororpaQun or
byKypeq, Pytutuur.
lpaA]r npnornBa pe-
4lrqa 6'unrapcrr emn-
rpaHTn n peBofloqilo-
Hepu.Tyxencega-
nhulero Ha 6PUK.
jntliil lt 0 S (| ,1 A:ff$l:
i. $t*JTgK, g0&nstffifl * *ssaffi .-'*
^ BecrHilK "CBo6oga", opraH Ha 6Pl-.1K. Clxpaurea
ce e HaquonanHata 6n6nuorexa "Ce.cB.Kvpvnt4
Meronurir') CoOun.
e Aa ocilrypflr cpeAcrBa 3a peBonoqiloH-
nara geitxocl Ho nocrbnKara ilM npeAil3-
BilKBa CnnHaTa OTBeTHa peaKl{r{fl Ha Bnac-
rure. lzlaeupu.turennre ca apecryBaHil il B
ontATa cn Aa AaAaT rnacHocr Ha peBono-
re HailBHo pa3Kpl4-
llr4oHHhre cn nop6ygtrt,
Bar KnpqoBa ran$opmaqrln ea BPO. llpr
nocnepBanure apecru e 3aroBeH il nee-
cKn, u3npaBeH npeg ctge6ta KoMt4cl4fl
e Co$r,rn, oc'bAeH u o6eceH. Toea Haxacs
rexbK yAap xa 6P!K ra BPO. Opranra:aqu-
flra npoAbnxaBa Aa cbulecTByBa, HO pa3-
ABr4XBaHe HaCTbnBa eABa cneA BToporo
0614o cr'6panhe npe3 1873 r. Peeonpqho-
Hepilre orHoBo ce Bp"btlar ruu Qopturpa-
Hero Ha qeril 3a opraHil3rpaHe Ha 6op6ara.
Ha rperoro o6rL1o ct6panue npea 1 874 r. ra
Llenrpaneu KoMilTer e u:6paH roarzr e Pyce,
a 3a rraBeH anocron e onpeAeneH CreQaH
Crarra6onoe. BoAeula porlr B opraHr3aLlmnra
nofiyqaBa r,r Xpracro 6oree. 0614oro crr6pa-
Hile, cBuKaHo npe3 aBrycr 1875 r. e 6yrcy-
peq, B3eMa peueHne 3a noAroToBKaTa Ha
HoBo B'bcraHile, Ho ro3vl onnr - Crapora-
FOpCKOTO B'bCTaHile - nperbpnflBa Heycnex.
B pe:ynrar npe3 HoeMBpt4 c'bulara ro.qilHa B
lropreeo ce cr6rpa noe l-lenrpaneH KoMvl-
re1 xotiro B3eMa peueHue 3a noAroroBKa
ua uaqa6uo B-bcraH[e npe3 nponefia Ha
cneABaulara roAuHa. Ha 20 anpnn 1876 r.
e Konpraer4r,rqa ur6p<aa Anprncxoro s'uc-
ranne. To e anoretr Ha HaqiloHanHoocBo-
6ogurennoro ABuxeHre u 4eilnocrra ua
peBon tollt4oH H ilTe KoMilTeTU.
 Bolerqn Qurypn, Kouro r,rMaT
oTH0rrreHrre KbM Kay3aTa 3a
HarlrroHaJrHo ocBo6ox4eHue
Manro ca xopara BbB BpeMero HenocpeAcrBeHo npeAu r4 cneA Bb3KpbcBaHero Ha
6rnrapcnara Abp)KaBa, KoI4To olqe or KpexKa roHorxecKa Bb3pacr rrpecneABar c raKaBa
npaBonl{Hefinocr 14 c raKaBa xap rocrl4raHero Ha Har{r4oHanHkrfl u1ean. He ca ManKo
vr re3vI, KoI{To, cnelnafixr4 rrrrfl Ha Jlescxr4, or1aBar )Kr4Bora cr4
3a cno6o4ar a, oga')eHrr
OT CBCTOCTTA HA HETOBATA JII4qHOCT.

"Bcu,tKo e go6po, nlom e 4o6po ga Ernrapnn!,,

CreQan Craru6onoe (1854-t 895)

Benuoeara raeepa (1835 r)

ra cuvruuneHnK Ha xanrarau,{ngo Hr-u
, o.rrrin-oo*. nripr B nolr4r4qecKilfl xl4Bor Ha 6rnrapun creg oceo6o4qenuero.
craM6onog aaetpuea ,Qp<oeuara ceM.4Hapu' e ogeca n na 20-ro4nuna Bb3pacr
,.u. . ,.p.rprr;;.;;;;;;;;quonaruooceo6o'ilrenHoro ABr4xeHile - yqacr-
,u il3rpaxAaHe ua Eunrapcxoro oyy.--111? y:\ , HaMrca , , nonrrru"*r; ;J; ;;;;;;, ;; ;; H)ryGara Bb3pac, eeve e ue6pan 3a
t.O",Tl:_:_9111"_l-Tl* :o, npencelaren nper Aenyrar B
1884'1886 r. cra&r6onoe e'rrpr;;Or,l;;;;;il.; K;#;#t#;;;
*"t1"^llLll:lt_np.tput s flnoeAu4 goeen Ao ocbqecrBflBauero Ha cte,quneHilero npe3 lB85 r. vqacrea
a *uto nooporoni,l ;
Cpu6cxo-6tarapcrara eotiua, xonro.ce BoAr4 B 3auluTn na Cte4urennero. oomr*..
rp"t r pffi;;; ;;ilffiril;;
tiSjlSli:: oprarnrilpa KoHrpanpeBpar u Bpbqa KHm nn.*.uraop rilr.ro.pr-
" ua npecrora. T:lt:flil111pony:o6paurae,
cneA a6graraqranra rr,'y-cram60noa e mr6pau :a npbB pereHT c p.rur.a
r-nr. , ynp;.;r.rJ;;;;;;;
t111
T:i]:!11or
20.aerycr 1887 4o 19 rr,rari 1894 r. e l,rruracrup-npeaceAaren ri sonruprr.
np.r nr* rlie86 .
ocHoBaBa Hapognonr6epanHara naprlrfur e HeuH HecMeHReM pbKoBoAUTerr Ao cMbprra cil.
Ynpaaneunero na creQan crarrr6onoB ce xapaKrepil3ilpa c aKrilBHa 3r*orogut;rru g;riHocr
la ocuqecrBflBaHe
He3aBilcl4Mocr ua Eunrapun il npeoAonfBar. ,u r"o.no.our.ra
i:^1l"lTr:::Kara ,ro...ranocr Ha crpa-
uara. 3agavnre, xouro rofi cil nocraBff, ca 3aqilra xa 6tlrapcxara
ycKopnBaHe Ha cronaHcKoTo pa3BnTue' yKpenBaHe Ha MexflyHapoffHiln
He3aBuo4Mocr -.or"rrrpr". ;; du;;;,
aRIopl4TeT xa [tnrapun. Ilpuopurerua

: l_l:illTlT
no HaquoHanHufl Bbnpoc Kacaeqa ,u,4rrui. ,, i
,.prroprrr. or""p.*o HaceneHue, ocra_
Hanl4 B npeAe.,Il4Te Ha cbceflHu crpanu.3aroroeara uHilqilaruBa
e HacoqeHa npeAilMHo KbM HacbpqaBaHe Ha
MecrHoro npou3BoAcrBo 4 npilBnuqaHe Ha qf/KAl4 Kanuranu 3a perynupaHe
Ha rbproBcKo-l4KoHoMr4qecKnre
orHoueHilff c ApyM crpaHu. Ctc saxoH
frBbpxAaBa BHocHr4 MilTa Ha pegilqa croKil, Koero e npflK cruMvn 3a
npoil3BoAcrBoro ulrr e crpanan. llo ro3il Haq[H nocraBn Haqanoro Ha
AbpxaBeH ,p-.^q;;;;;; ;;;;;;;
cKara ilKoHoMl4Ka. Bta elrpeurara nonilrilKa Ha crpaHaTa nocrura pEp4qa
npeilMyqecrBa 3a AbpxaBara B
oonacrra Ha LlbpKBara u npoceerara. Crau6onoa cregea eueprilqHo nonuTuKa
3a r4KoHoMr4qecKo pa3Bilrile Ha
crpaHara,6enRlana or nporeKqiloHt43Ma, crporara
Aaroum nonrrr*u, ;;il;;;*. ;,p;*AJ;;;;p;;:
rencrao. Karo qnno HeroBara aKruBHa 3aKoHoAare+ra e c noAqepraHo
4efinocr npore-d;;;;;;;o;;;.
oceeH cbc gxaquMara cu no,r4rilqecKa Kapuepa it o.r i'.roon'orl#; ;";rrp.;;;'r.r"il;"i;
3HaqnrenHo 4oKyMeHTanHo HacneAcrBo - crt4xoBe, c*trl414,
AHeBHuK, KopecnoHAeHqufl il T. H.
I oneMilflT bbnmpcKvtnonuruKu
AbpxaenrS xofiro rBbp4il, qe 3apa4u Ernrapun uoxeAa nora3u il 3aKoHilTe,
Ha 3 rona 1895 r' Cre0an CraM6oros e xecroKo noceqeH Ha ynuqara
..:T:=T Ti.".: lloit4BHhtll4.
MaKefloHcrBaqu HaeMHtlql4 r creA Tpl4 AH14 yMupa or paHrTe cil na 41-ro4ur.lua
or u3BecrHr4
etrpacr. Ce4erraro4ruHoro My ynpaB-
n]1: np:rpota Srnrapun orrypcKa npoBuHqufl,3acrpaueHa 4r.rur. py.^u ,v'o.prrr, B MoAepHa eeponeficxa
fltpxaea. Maxap il u3Kn0qilTerHo rBbpAa, AbpxaBHara My nonurilKr rogr 4o 6yper ,*ororruaa*r'pacrex fi nogeM
ua 6trrapcxoro o6paroeaurae robror np.rpiu1.
^*ynryp,.ct
;;r;i;;;;G;#;:;;;';'r.*;;;;",L^
Horo r43guraHe B eaponeftcxu nonnruuecxu $arrop.

3
 .----f BluRrft9..r. ,l
rl

PeBor6qxoHep, opraHrcarop, nAeon_or

*::1.*-i5S CbpililUt4 . .

u pbKoBoAmen Ha HaqiloHanaoocBoooAtr- Onoirilrr

CtrH Ha MaxMyA ll u 6par cynraH A6Ayn
Ha TenHoro ABxxeHue B 6bnraptr8. l/13nor3Ba c
MeAxuA.roi e 3z-ptrnrrypcKx cynraH. Bcftn-
npeflona pHv [ npoAbnxaBa
egHaKbBycnex oplxtreTo x nepoTo: noArorBt !)eaxenqe . .,.
Ba Ha Ha 25 1861 r BoAtr peBotpqtroHHu cb3aKnflltra, ceTx,
peoopMure tr ce cTpeMil Aa BbBeAe B hMneptr- BOeHHa neftrF B EenrpaA, u3AaBa BecrHutltr
rra aocrxxeH4flra Ha MoAepHaTa qIButu3aqtr8. il cnilcaHxf,: "6bnrapcKa AHeBHtrqa',:
nocteiAogarenhl.
CBaneH e or npecrona Ha 30 Maril 876 [ u "AyHaBcKil ne6eA'; "6paHilren" il Ap. ------:-{ Brigerei : no4arnk
cneA eAHa ceAMtrLla e y6xl

Eoaaq B AnphncKoro BbcraHue, roi craBa x

Creg rn6enra Ha IieBcKx ofiastBa BPo. HefoB nbpBM ucropilorpadc Kflurara c6
OcbaeH Ha 1 5 roAuHx 3arBop 3a peBonp- "3antrcKu no 6bnrapcKure BbcraHtrF': 3axapil
r.ltroHHa AetrHocr CneA OcBo6oxAeHilero CToFHoB pbKoBoAx opraHx3aqtrnra Ha
e trHcneKTop B lvltrHxcrepcrBoTo Ha Cuegrrenuero na KutxecrBo 6bntapuf, c
HapoAHoTo npocset]leHue. ,l3rocHa PyMentrF npe3 I 885 r, a npe3
ocTaTbKa or xuBoTa cu e cpeA BoAavrTe
Ha HapoAHontr6epanHa ra naprxa.

6bnrapcKr peBonoqtroHep, noMouIH{K

narpuapxbr Ha 6bnrapcKara nilreparypa e Ha JleBcKu. noATtrKBar or au6uqrnm n
aBrop Ha rpaHAuo3Hara "Enonea Ha ra6paBe-
HtrTe1 B KOFTO Bb3nAAa repOrre Or 6ulrapcro.
TO HaqtoHanHoocBo6oAhrenHo ABtrxeHile.
lS!ffi@ttl Aru Cau6 naua
aBaHToptr3Ma cx, Tofi He cna3Ba opraHil
3aqxoHHaTa ancqunnxHa, KaKTo ce n3ucKBa
(?-?) orycraBa Ha BPO. npe3 1872 r opraHtr3ilpa
ocraBa a qcrophrra Ha 6bnrapcKara nxrepa- 06(p Ha opxaHricKara xa3Ha B npoxoAa
Typa crc cBouTe cTilxoTBopeHvfl, pa3Ka3x,
noBecTil fl Hafi.Bece cbc caoa efloxaleH
llJaxup 6ei llpeAceAaref, Ha AbpxaBHuF cbBer B Apa6aKoHaK, la Aa OilHaHchpa HaqtroHan-
(?-?) OcMaHCKara trMnepxfl tr Ha rl3BbHpeA- HoocBo6oAtrTetHoro gBuxeHue. 3atoBeH
poMaH "noA uroro':
Hara creacrBeHa KoMuc[t, 3aceAaBa!.p e cneA npeAaTencTBo il ocbAeH Ha
Maiop or reHepaniufl qa6 B Cooffi, Korro ocbxAa Bacnr IleBcKx cMbpr npe3 1 873 [
Ha rypcK{Te aohcKr n qleH Ha Ha cMbpr
143BbHpeAHard KoMxcilfl .

cMBure Kapera ca flpeAcraBeHu B Ta3n rtaBa

^ IL{rtHocrnre B

fpocrnuAT Bpar Ha ErrnrapcKoro HaqnoHarHo-

ocBo6onurer Ho ABUTIKeH u e
Mragxag naura (1 822-1883)
Pogen Ha 18 orrolaepn 1822r. Karo cr4H Ha Ka4ilfl, Axrvre4 uJeQrax MraExaE naua e il3flBeH ocMaHcKr4 A'bpxaBeH il norrruqecKil
geeq. llper 1 860 r. rofi e o6ReeH 3a Be3ilp il naura il My e noBepeHo ynpaBneHuero Ha HuurrnR enner. PeQopMilre My raM ca ronKoBa
ycneuHil, qe cynraH A6gyn A:rrrc ro ynbnHoMoqaBa Aa noArorB14 nporpaMa 3a nprnaraHero uM B qflnara rMnepilR. llper 1864 r.
Mra4xag naua e Ha3HaqeH 3a Banltfl Ha lyHaecrrfl Bunaer c qeHTbp Pyce. Karo eAfiH or 14Hl4r-luaropr4Te 3a npueMaHe Ha 3aKoHa 3a
Bnraerure, nonara foreMyr ycvnun 3a,pa3rpb4aHe Ha rbp.oBr4f Ta, 3aHaflTnre t4 3eMeAerilero BbiB Bfifl,aera. B ctgoro. epeMe ce npo-
flBABa v Karo rpocreH Bpat Ha 6rnrapcroro HaLliloHarHoocBo6oAilTenHo ABHxeHre. Tofi go6pe n03HaBa 6tnrapcxoro,HaceneHhe
u ce crpeMr c Bcl4r{Kt4 cvnn tA cpeflcrBa Aa My Hanoxn r4cnnMcKara pentfivtl. Heroeara nonr4ThKa 3a acuMilnhpaHe Ha 6urapcrun
Hapog qpe3 cb3AaBaHe Ha 6rnrapo-rypcKtAyevnvqa, B Kor4ro o6yveHrero Aa ce BoA14 Ha rypcKt4 e3ilK, 143t4rpaBa cBonra ponF 3a
vtcnflMvteaqnflra uy. llocreneHHo B pbqere My ce cbcpegoroqaBa Bce noBeqe enacr. [1pe: 1 868 r. Mvrgxa4 naua e h3ghrHar 3a npeA-
cegaren Ha,fltpxasHutfl cbBer. Torl Hsnongea ra3n Bnacr, Karo ce npofBflBa c oco6ena xecroKocr npta cMa3BaHero Ha qerHilqecKoro
ABuxeHile e EtnrapnR. Ha 30 rr,rari 1876 r. e laprarpap p-bKoBoAr4 AbpxaBHkrfl npeBpa_r H AerpoHrpa cynraH A6gyn Aar,rc. 3a cynraH
e nposr:rnacex Mypag V (1876 r.), uo nopagil 3ApaBocnoBHil npuqilHn (;rnncree-no ea6onieaHe) npes meicelr-1 aBrycr cbqara roAuHa
e 3aMeHeH or cBoF 6par A64yn Xarura4 ll.
Mn4xa4 naua npeKapBa lr3BecrHo BpeMe e vyx6nHa, a npe3 1878 r. e B'bpHar raro ry6epHarop Ha Cupua, a cne4 roBa H Ha

za y6iwhcteoro Ha cynraH A6gyn Aarc. Cneg Ha 6pnrancxoro npaBilreflcrBo npilc-bAara My e 3aMeHeHa c h3rHaHue.
"u*"autu
lzlrnpareH e Ha BeqHo 3aroqeHile e TaraQ (XrAxaa), Ho Ha 8 rvrarl 1883 r. no rutrHoro HapexAaHe Ha cynraH A64yn Xarvrra4 ey6ut.
 llugepbr Ha eMurpaqufra, xofiro e npeflceflaren Ha
ErrnrapcKrilf peBonpqnoHeH qeHrpaneH KoMnrer (EpHK)
.tlo6en Kapaaenoe (1834-1 g7g)
flopegnara opraHr3aqilr e 6urapcxoro HaqhoHanHoocBo6ogurenno
ABuxeHile B Kpan Ha 60-re u saqanoro ua 70-re ro'hHu ce cb3,aBa c peuaBauloro

nlnrotl ce u3Al/ra(peA cbBpeMeHHiLll4re cu 6rarogapeHue Ha cBoR rlHrereKr, urupoKa

o6r4i xynrypara ino.loro.tr.cneg paroecrnrori e ecenpuanar Bo'aq
parnanear y 6trtapilTe xelaHuero 3a HaLluoHanHo ocao6oxreHue.
Peaonrcquoxepbr craBa npeAceEaren na StrrapcxuR peBonicll4oHeH qeHrpaneH KoMurer (6pLlK)
e 6yr<yper{. Kapaaeroe e pofleH
na 7 noeuepr 1834 r. e 3aMoxHo 6ernuxquricro cenneftcrao e Konpueqraqa. cne4 raerpurBaHe
Ha nnoBAr4BcKoro enapxurrrcro
ytll1l_t^::.1?i
?_Pyr!,
BMecro Aa nocrbnr BbB BoeHHo yqrnuue, ce 3anucBa e MocxoacrilR yHnBepcurer.
14
n* * ri.r. ,.
AecerroA'ltuHl4fi cu npecrofi roti nonyqaBa conilAHil no3HaHilfl 14 cb3AaBa nore3Hil xorrarru. flona4a no4 ugefinure BnilRHr4ff Ha
pycKilre peBonloqiloHepu AeMoKparu 9epuraueacxra,
[o6ponro6oe, XepqeH, KaKro u Ha pycKu cnaenno$unu,Karo cbrpy4H14-
qu Ha rexHilTe BecrH-l4Lll4. llper I 867 r. Kapaeenoa
e u3npareH e Eenrpag Karo KopecnoHAeHr Ha e.,'[onoc,,n rau ce cBbp3Ba
tl^t":!:9:iT-t nvi6epanua opraHu3aqilR "orrrnagnHa". Moxe 6ra roraea rofi ce 3aMhcrn 3a B3auMHr4 6trrapo-cpr6cxu
4eficrenR cpeqy o6r4r,rn epar.
Peeonroquonepbr cMflTa, qe HaLlnoHarHoro oceo6oxgerile ule ce nocr4rHe qpe3
opraHr3upaHe Ha ecilqril 6tr-
rapu il npeABapHTenHa noAroroBKa Ha BbopbxeHo B'bcraHile. flo rolu Bbnpoc nMar
eAHaKBu paa6r,rpanun c Bacun
fleecxu. Enaro4apenre Ha roBa, cneA cb3flaBaHero na 6PtlK a 6yxypeu; IleecKu
cb3AaBa e btnrapran BpO. 4pyx6ara
MexAy ABaMara eeruru 6urapn e oco6eto rBopqecKa n npoAyKTr4BHa, BbnpeKil qe qecro
uMar u pa3Horriacufl.
oco6eHo cvnHu ca re no orHoueH!4e Ha cbnpilqacrHocrra na',Qr,rn,trarup o6r4ra xtm
Aenoro 14 Ha opraHu3ilpaHero Ha
peBonrcqroHHara 4etiuocr e 6trrapcxure se^{u. Jleecxil
Aopra noHnKora e pff3b6 npegynpexgaBarlga Kapisenoa ga
re ce 6upxa B Aenara My.
xypHanhcr u ny6nvtqwcr or crpaHilqrre Ha BecrHr4qilre cn Kapaeenoe pa3npocrpaHffBa paAuKanHilre
--...-{3to hAeu Ha
6P[K' Yvacraa B yrBbpxgaBafiero na 6tnrapcKt4n KHt4xoBeH e3ilK ,4 e eAilH or
cb3parenilTe Ha xypHanilcrilKa u ny6nvt4rtc-
ruKa or HoB rrn e Etnrapun.3a4auara H_a xypHatucrl4Kara, cnopefl Hero,
e Aa Qoprvrrapa Kynrypara u fla yrBbp4l4 Mopana,
3aqoro caMo MopanHuflr qoBeK Moxe Aa 6rge ceo6ogeu.
6bnrapuH yMilpa Ha 21 nayapu 1g79 r, e pyce or ry6eprynora.
_ .benexuruRr
B Kapaeenoeure AyMu 3'yeu Ayxbr Ha enoxara: "Hauara ceo6o4a'e e Hic caruilre.'

AHrnlilqtHKate;.,66g16te,.rlie4ur or.Rgnarar,ga;g Kn,,:,

Mep c ur r Maxgepm;oi,(IgD,,|,..,
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s,r,qr\flLPrvrur, rrvndLrvxu-{eM p
Quzuxa.

B rpas,HaX{q.:MeOcai wta.*nepMo"it;.'6r16tnt
:pc'rfr{aptonen,b6ned;,o&&iti-aanonynnpno,penraSr*o:trn;GM:efino,6r,rroe4 rpyAoeil

Mero4ntali rop4exllerapatntaitttl.ome.!i,ui :botar-aa ,,, ,,,:,, i:r,:ii:i::ii:i,,,i:,i:: rr::.:.,i,,, :i .,::: i:r ::: uil

3
In6epanHa ngef, n nonnrnqecKa peanHocr
fl-p Bacun PagocnaBoB (1854-1929)
,Q-p Bacran Xpracroe Pa4ocnaeoe e poAeH Ha 1 5 ronra 1854 r. efloaev.3aetprLrea Anpnnoecxara rilMHa3ilR np ez1872r.usanovea pa6ora xaroyvuren. f1o roea
BpeMe craBa qneH Ha floeeuKhn peBonpquonen xouurer. Cneg Oceo6ox4enilero yqh npaBo ere BileHa rrr Xarigen6epr ra 3aBbpuBa npe: 1 882 r. c AoKropar.
Karo cry4enr e ms6pau 3a Aenyrar ere Broporo o6uxHoeeHo HapoAHo cr6paHre. Hagnrsa B noamrilKara Karo Hocurer Ha HoBure nporpecuBHx
nra6epanHr u4eu u ce npoflBrBa xaro cnoco6eu u reMnepaMeHreH oparop. Ilper 1884 r. craBa MuHr4crbp Ha npaBocbArero. Torl e eAuH or"crpollrerM-
re na Crepenenna EtnrapuR" 14 cb3Aaren Ha MoAepHa crge6ua orcreMa u cbBpeMeHHo cb4onpoh3Bogcreo. Karo MnHr4crbp Ha npaBoctfluero cneA
Cte4mnenuero (6 cenreuepu I 885 r.) crc cBofl 3anoBeA BbBexAa 3aKoHilre Ha KHqxectaoto (1 5 gereuapn 1 885 r.), Karo no ro3r4 HaqilH npaBm c'begilHe'
Hilero My c l4Eroqna Pyuenun neo6parr,rrvro.
Cneg a6graxarluflTa Ha xnnl Anexcaug'up e na6pau :a MnHuclbp-npe4ceAaren il Eo AHec ocraea narl-mragmRT npeMilep ua Ernrapmn. Ptroeogu crpa-
Hara e Hatr-rexKure MoMeHTil, Koraro cbulecrByBaHero h eucu Ha rocrrvr. flpegu ga HaetpuLu 40 roAtAHtA, Hapo4br ro napuua flngo Pagoclaeoe Karo il3pa3
Ha yBaxeHile il npu3HarelrHocr KbM HeroBnfl uHTeneKl cnoco6nocru u eceorgafiuo cnyxeHe Ha oreqecrBoro
Y6egen 14 rBbpA nra6epan, Bacun PagocnaBoB 3auluraBa uAeilTe Ha AeMoKpaqunra il KoHcruryqiloHaril3Ma. llpnervra MoHapxn3Ma Karo rapaHqilR 3a
He3aBncuMocrra n curypHocrra ua btnraprR, Ho e npon4B pa3uilpffBaHero Ha npaBoMorlt4flTa Ha MoHapxa. beaycnoeHo noAKpenfl 3ne noArorBeHara
Eanxaucxa eorlHa xaro KpaqKa KbM HaquoHarHoro o6egrueHre.
3a eropu nrr cnep 27 ro4r4Ht4 craBa MilHl4crbp-npe4ceAaren ra Etrrapun B MHoro rexbK nepuo4 - cnefl HeycneuHure Banxaucru eofisu. B crloxHara
nonilTilqecKa o6craHoexa BoAu pa3yMHa nolnrnra, cuo6pa3eHa c ilHrepecure na brnrapmR. Heroeo orrpilTme e BbopbxeHmnT Heyrpanurer na StnrapuR. B
ycnoBunTa Ha eoftHara BoAr4 MHoro hHTenureHTHa, roBKa u pa3yMHa noruruKa, KoffTo npilHyx4aBa HauilTe c-bce4u Aa Hu HanaAHar nbpBt4 m raKa btnrapun
craBa xeprBa Ha arpecun or rflxHa crpana. 3a c'bxaneHue roBa o6croRrencreo He ce u3non3Ba ycneuHo npil cKnoqBaHero na Huotlcxun AotoBop.
no eperrle na llrpeara cBeroBHa eoriHa Bacnn Pagocnaeoe e noEnoxeH Ha HarucK B napnaMeHra :a aa6paua ua naprmiluure BecrHvlqt4 na $poura, no
orxBbpnfl HarucKa c apryMeHTa, ve eofinuqure ca 6rnrapcxu rpaxgaHu e ynraQopura il He Morar Aa ce orpaHuqaBar rexHure rpaxgaHcKl4 ceo6ogu. Karo
noflmrmK eglrHcreeH roli u3npaqa B u3rHaHue nbpBnre ABaMa BnaAerea[ - xHRs AnexcaHpp n qap OepguHaug l.
Cle,q neycneLunuR ea Errnrapnn xparl na eotrHara Bacun PagocraBoB 3aMilHaBa e go6poeoluo u3rHaHue il xilBee s lepttanun xaro cao6o4eu rpaxga-
HuH u neHcuoHep. ArvrxracrupaH e cbc 3aKoH na29 nuu 1929 r.Ynupa ua 21 orromepu 1929 r.e5epnuH il nocregHure My AyMtl ca:"Kaxere na momre 6lu:xn
il Ha BcilqKn npilflTenil, qe yMupaM c neceH 3a burrapnn na ycral'

EI
 IIeH aTa Ha He3 aBncuMocTTa
v HacreAcTBOTO, KOeTO
AnocToJra Ha cno6 oftaTa
HH 3aBerrlaBa
Karo Hafi-csxroro 6naro 3a eAI4H HapoA ceo6o4ara BkrHarrr ce 3arrnarr{a
Ha
BrrcoKa IIeHa. 3arosa Ha 3HaMero Ha BbcraHr4rlLrre upes 1876
r e 3arrLrcaHo Karo
3aKJII4HaHze "Ceo6o4aLrnLr cvtrp,r!". Oqe flaucvtit" soputu
na BrnrapcKoro
Bb3pax(AaHe orJlact HallzoHanHvrfl LrILean: "Euraprrre
AaxrLrBerr c"o6o4nz
ceo6oAeH cs-f,r!". Tosz vreaJre rloAer or BcrlqKr4 6"o.upa*u peBonrorlr4oHepv,"
KOI{TO IIOCBCIIIABAT XI4BOTA U 4EfiTTOCTTA CKI B I4METO
HA POAIIHATA.

CnodoAara, r(bM KoflTo rroBex4a,[encrcra

(-n" Cb3AABAHETO HA EprIK 3anoqBar Aa ce rbp_ CraM6onoe, ce B3eMa peueHhe 3a opraHu3r4paHe Ha Bce_
\-,/cflT HoBr nbrylula 3a nonuruqecxoro oceo6ox4e_ o6qo napogxo BbcraHue npe3 cneABaqara nponer u B
uue ra Stlrapwa. lopn il cneA cMbprra ua Anocrona rarl-o6r4 nraH ca oqepraHh raKTilKara
c'b3AaAeHara or Hero Burperuna peBontoquoHHa
r crparermflTa Ha
opra_ 6t4er.qoro BbcraHile.
Hfi3aqilff npoAbfl xaBa ceonra gefi xocr.
lAsnonzeaiAxtA HarpynaHun or,tffToro na l B75 t onill
llpea asrycr 1875 r. 6p!K B3eMa peueHue 3a BceHa_ KOMuTerbT on peAenr qeTilpt4 peBon oq4oH
po4Ho BbcraH[e c qeHrbp Crapa 3aropa. flnanur H 14 OKpbra,
e e.uc- pa3nonoxeHu ilaBHo B parloxure c xafi_pareura xouu_
TaHrero Aa ce BAilrHe npe4nMHo e /lsroqHa 6.ulrapun,
TercKa Mpexa or BpeMero ua Bacmr Jleecru il BpO.
KbAeTo B ronfMa cTeneH ca 3ana3eHil peBonoqiloHHilTe
3a nbpBr4 peBonoqiloHeH oKpbr e onpeAeneH
KoMurerm or BpeMero Ha fleecx[. 3a puxoeo4urenut
TtpxoecxrRl xorlro o6xeaqa Llexrparra Cesepna #
(anocronu) ca ua6paHra Creoan Crau6onoe,
Hnxona
O6perenoe, llauarlor Bonoe u Ap., Kor4ro rpn6ea
Ernrapur, la6poacrran uCeenheecxua xpah. Cre$an -.1.

4a Crana6onoe noeMa pbKoBogcrBoro Karo rraBeH anofion, ::i

BoAflT noAroroBKara B peBonpLluoHHure qenrpoee.
3a
cbxareHile HaquHaHrero, nnaHupaHo ta l6 cenreuepu,
ce npoBann nopa4u rBbpAe Manrl'AA 6poh etctaawqu,
Kor4To cecu6upar. OcusHaeafixu o6peveuocrra My, qer_
Hl4qhTe ce pa3npbcKBal KaTO qacr oT TflX Ce yKpilBal
a Apyru 6nrar e vpx6rana. Cne4 paarporvra Ha BbcraHr_
ero peBontoquoHHhre 4eriqra ce ct6upar B pyMbHcKt4r
rpa4 Ftopreeo,3a Aa cb3Aa4ar HoB qeHrbp Ha oceo6o_
AhrerHoro ABuxeHile. ftopreecxunr KoMrrer, B cbc_
rae l5-1 7 Ayrur4, e yqpe-
AeH Ha 1 1 uoenepra 1875
Cpe4 ocr.roearenure My
ca Cre$au Craru6oroe,
leoprra 06perenoe,
Huxoaa O6perenoe, Cronx
3ailMoe, flaHarior Boroe,
leoprra Wsmupnuee,
l-eoprm 6eHroecxll,
lAnapuou flparocrrxoe r
4p. Ha race4anilF Ha KoMl4-
rera or l5 4o 25 gexervrepra
cbulaTa foAhHa, noA npeA-
ce4arencrBoro ua CreQaH
( feoprilbeHxoecxla 3acraBa
Harleno Ha BbcTaHneTo B
llaxaropuule.
a HetoBr4 noMot4Ht4ql4 ca Xpracro Kaparumnxoe_Eyuraro ra
leopru Vlzr,mpnraee-Mare4ouvero Karo BoeHeH uHcrpyKrop.
CnueeHcxilRr oKpbr BKnpqBa pafionure ra Cnuseucxo,
flvr6oncro u
Kotnencxus 6anxan. prroao4craoro
ryx
e noBepeHo na lzlnapuon ,{parocrrxoa, c noMorqHt4t.p4 v flaHalior BonoB e opraH[3arop
leoprra O6perenoe (eoenen uncrpyrrop) n Ctovtneofieoga.
14pbKoBoAurea Ha lopreecxnn
peBonoLll,toHeH xovrrer Tot)t e e4ru
BpavarcruRr peBonrcqiloHeH oKpbr o6xear4a oT hHhqilaToptrTe 3a cBUKBaHeTO
Ceeepoaana4na EunrapuR, qacr or CoQraricxo u xa 06r4o ct6paxre Ha KoMXTerure
or gerBbprrl oKpbr B MecrHocrra
Mare4ourn.3a rnaeen anocron ryK e onpe4enex CroRn
06opr4e, 6rra:o 40 rp. flaHarnphqe,
3ailIaoe, c noMou.lHt4ql4 Hrrona O6pereuoe u Hurona r e:eua 4efiHo yvacrre B Hero.
r: Cnaexoe (eoexen rancrpyrrop).
9ersupru - flaoeguecxu peBonpqroHeH oKpbr _ c
qeHrbp llaHarrcpraqe, ce pbKoBoAl4 or flaHafior
Bonoe,
c noMou.lHuK [eoprra EeHxoecru. flo_rucso 3a noMou.l_
HhK-anocronh ca npuBneqeHil 3axapu CronHos u leopru
lzlxoHorrnoe.
3amucleno e cb34aBaHero u Ha neru peBonollt4o_
HeH oKpbr/ e rofiro Aa Bnfl3ar CoQr,rficxo u Maregorrn.
lApeara o6aqe xe ce ocbt4ecrBnsa ra
Qyuxqmr,rre vry
noeua BpavaHcKt4FT KoM14Ter.
Cpeg naceaeuuero e 6tnrapcKure 3eMil, a u cpe4
eMurpaqilflra, ilMa pa3Hornacufl no Bbnpoca 3a Hyx_
Aara or BbopbxeHo BbcraHue. 9acr or xopara nocpe_
qaT c anaTnfl l4nu He.qoBep4e onuTuTe Ha eMilfpaquflTa
Aa npegil3Br4Ka peBonoqilonHu 6ynroee B crpaHara.
Moxe 6ra roBa e eAHa or npilLtylHilTe BbcraHilero
Aa He
ce peanr3upa c oqaKBaHrfl pa3Max.

^ To4op Ilynuos Ka6neuxoe e e4ut
or pbKoBoAhrenhre Ha AnpilncKoro
stcraHre, xoftlo e aBTop e Ha r.Hap.
"Ktpeaao nncmo", e Koero nhue
:a o6nseHoro Ha 20 anpnn 1876 r.
BbcTaHne.
"l{e uMaMe egHo 3HaMe, Ha Koero
cBfTA 14 tll4cTA PEnv6nnKAi',
Anpuncroro BtrcraHue - BbcraHuero Aocrvrra 4o lopxa Opnxoer,rqa na 25 anpur.
repovr3MbT Ha eflnH u3cTpaAan HapoA
Ha 14 anpran "1876 r. e MecrHocrm O6opuqe ce cBuKBa
cu6panrae Ha npe4craBurenmre ua 9acrnure peBonoqu-
oHHM KoMureru or llararopcxur peBonpqiloHeH oKpbr'
Feoprra EenroecKu e HaroBapeH cbc cneqhanHu npaBoMo-
uliln Aa pbKoBogu BbcraHuqecKilTe 4ericreun u noayqaBa
r43RbHpeAHo nbrHoMot{Ho. Brero e peuenue, aKo Bracrnre
pa3Kpt4fT noAroToBKara vl 3anoqHaT apecrn, B'bcTaHilero
Ea ce BAurHe npeflm HacpoqeHara Aara. llpuero e n cnequ-
arHo Rb3BaHile ruu 6unrapcrnn Hapo& roero rnacu:"6parn
6tlrapu, floriqe xpanr Ha 3BepcKara rvpatnfu KoflTo or ner
BeKa HacaM TbpnhM noA ocMaHcKa HaciltlHt4qecKa Bnacl
Bcerr or nac oqaKBaue roBa c Herupnenue. HacrunBa AeHffT
Ha Hapo4Horo B'bclaHile Ha BcutrKt4 6tnrapra e Eunrapun,
Tpaxran r Maxegonunl'
flpeparencreo pa3KpuBa nraHoBere :a 6ynra npeg ryp-
cKilre Bnacru n aa 20 anpnn B Konpuequqa ca u3npa-
reHil 3anTuera, Kor4To Aa apecryBar pbKoBoAnrenfl Ha
MecrHl4fl peBonoqr4oHeH KoMnrer - To4op Ka6neuroe.
Peeonrcquonepure B rpaAa ce BAilrar Ha opbxue ra 6'upro
oBflaAflBar KoHaKa. Cnegearixu peueHilflra, npneru Ha
c'u6pannero e O6opraqe, Ka6nerLLxoe o6sanea Haqaro Ha
B-bcraHuero u il3npaqa flo KoMurera e flanarrcpuqe ana-
menuroro "Ktpgaeo nilcvlo": "6parn, cera, Koraro Bn nuua
TOBa nUCMO, 3HaMeTO Ce pa3BRBa npeA KOHaKa, nyuKuTe
rbpMflr npu4pyxeHn or r-bpMa Ha qepKoBHrre xau6anu,
n oHauilTe ce qelryBar eAilH Apyril no ynraqurre! Axo eue,
6parr, cre 6unu wctvacxtl narpuorvr u anocronil Ha cBo-
6oAara, ro nocre4eatire Hauun npuMep." Cleg noga4euun
cnrHar BbcraBar qeHT-bpbr Ha oKpbra - tpaA flauaropuqe,
Haqero c leopru berxoacKu, rpaA Klucypa il oKonHure
cena u pegnqa cenilqa Ha rcr or rp. flaaapgxnx u Ha ceBe-
por43roK or rp. lhoe4ue. Ha 22 anpiln rbpxecrBeHo ce
ocBeqaBa 3HaMeTo Ha BbcraHullilre, r,rrpa6oreno or Pafiua
flonreoprueaa - Patina KnnruuR. Cpeqy gecernuaxunAAV
BbcraHuqu ce r3npaBfl ct4ra or oKono 80 000 6aLuu6oryqu
n 1 0 000 peAoBHa rypcKa apMun, Koflro pa3nonara vcaprt -
nepnn. lluperare rexKr cpaxeHua ca na 22 anpran. lltpeu
ca paa6rala BbcraHrqecKilre cnnv npv c. Crpelva. Ha 26
anpnn e onoxapeHa Knucypa, cne4 qerilpt4 AHil caMoor-
BepxeHa cbnporilBa, na 30 anpun na4a ra flauarrcpuqe.
Konpuequqa e cnaceHa or parrpa6eane c qeHara Ha ronffM
orxyn. Ha 1 uatit ca pat6nrn BbcraHulltlre B yKpeneHnr
nyHKr Ha eptx Enegxux il npn c. llerprv (orouarovno or
lzlxlarvraH). B llepyu{uqa BbcraHuqure n qacr or MecrHoro
HacereHue ca o6rpa4enra B qepKBara, xonro 6aura6osy-
qure no4nanBar. Hati-rextr ygap noHacn 6ara6 xt4ero ua
2 vail 3 000 gyura ca noceqeHu nnu u3ropeHu xraer. l-pa4
bpaquroeo ce npe4aBa ua 6 rrirait.
( PariHa llonreoprreBa OyreKoBa, no-il3BecrHa xaro Pailxa
KHrrurr, e 6tnrapcKa yqurerKa, yunna rnaBHoro BbcraHn'lecKo
3HaMe Ha flanaropcxn peBonloqnoHeH oKpbr 3a Anpt4ncKoro
rr ro pa3BflBa
BbcraHre. B AeHn Ha o6segeaHeto Ha B'bcraHuero
peAoM c 6eHKoBcKl4.
tqe nuuJe
lpyfl4re oKpb3t4 c-brqo ce BAurar Ha opbxile. Becrra ra
B Tupr.roecxun peBonpqiloHeH oKpbr e cQopMupaHa
ronrMa qera or oKono 200 pywu, npeABoxAaHa or non
Xaprarou u 6aqo Krapo. Tn ce yKpenflBa e ,{pnroecxnn
MaHacn/rp il BoAu rexKvr 6oeee c MHoroqucneHa peAoBHa
rypcKa apMltfl or 29 anpran go7 r'ic,fi.
Eunrapcrara eMhrpaqilr cbqo ce exrtoqea e 6ofi-
uure geftcreun m ste BpauarcKil peBonplltloHeH oKpbr
or Pyuunun npeMuHaBa or 6ruso 200 qoBeKa,
qerara
orflaBeHa or Xpracro 6oree. flpeo6reqeHn Karo rpa-
AVHapv, ra 17 mafi qerHnqure 3acraBrr KanuraHa Ha
xopa6a "Pa4eqrvr" Aa cnpe Ha 6bnrapcKt4n 6par 6nnto
go Kouo4yri. Te oqarear cilnHa no4Kpena or MecrHoro
HacereHue, Ho HaAexgure uM ca Hanpa3Hu. Cne4 rexxu
cpaxeHuff qerara e pa36ura npra eptx Oxonqilqa, Kb4ero
e y6rar eoeeogara Xpucro 6oree.
Typcrara apMnfl noryuaBa BbcraHilero c He6heana
xecroKocr. Boennrre 4eficreuR ca HacoqeHfi He caMo
KbM BbcraHilqecKilre rpynu, Ho 14 cpeu{y qrnoro 6bnraP
cKo HaceneHue. Vlz6vtrttt ca xvnAEtA Mbxe, xeHu il Aeqa,
a Apyru ca xBbpneHil B 3arBopilTe. Cenraqara ca onoxa-
penra. lzla BbcraHanure pairoHr4 A'bnro cneA noryuJaBa-
Hero Ha BbcraHilero npogbnxaBar Aa 6eavnncrear rpynu
or 6aLuu6oayqra.
Cnope4 cBilAerercrBara na 3axapra CroRHoe npil BHAa
Ha noxapilre e 6arax l-eoprr,r 6eHxoecru ugsilxea:"MoRta
qen e nocn4rHara eeqe! B cupqero Ha rhpaHa a3 orBoptrx
TaKaBa ntora paHa, Korro Ht4Kora HrMa 4a aaagpaaefi!'i
Caerur pae6rapa 3a nonoxeHuero Ha 6-bnrapilTe B rpa-
Hr4llilre ra Ocptaucxata uMnepun. 9yxgu tuucuonepn,
AUnnoMaTil il nocflaHhqu onilcBaT 3BepcTBara HaA Mecr-
Horo HacereHt e u Ha AHeBeH pe4 Ha eeponetlcxara
norurr4qecKa cqeHa ce nocraBfl Etnrapcxmnr Bbnpoc.
CseroeHoro o6lqecreeno MHeHile u BUAHU npeAcraBh-
Tenil Ha ilHrenureHqilFra, Karo Ilee Toncrofi n Burrop
3aqilra ra 6tnrapcxrn napo4.
JOro, ce o6ReRear B
Tara maxap il caMoro BbcraHue Aa 3aBbpuiBa c Heycnex
qpe3 Hero ce ocbr4ecrBflBa ilAenra xa neecrvr 6urrapcxr,rrr
HapoA caM Aa nocraBil npo6reua ra ceoero oceo6o4qenre.
Ha peeonoquoHHhre KoMureril, Kot4To Anocrona ocraen
oreg ce6e cn, roti aaeeqaea noAroroBKara Ha Bbop'bxeHoro
e'bcraHile. Tagil 6op6a eogur 4o cl;6urwnta, no3Bonunu Aa ce
u3nbrHm nereffHam or BeKoBe Mevra ra ceo6o4na Ebnrapun.
Pelynrarur or noBAuraHero Ha lzlEro,{Ht4fl Bbnpoc H
Hoeara Cpu6cKo-rypcKa eofina, ranounana npe3 toH14
1 876 r., uanarar HaMecara na Benuxure cunra. llper 4ereu-
Bpu cbulara roAnHa B [apurpag ce ceuKBa nocflaHilqecKa
ron$epenqnn. Cpe4 parucrsaHure reMu e u crrg6ara na
6rrrapcrun Hapo4 B npe4enure ua Ocuancxara ilMne-
pun. Peuennnra na ror.r$epeHqilrra npe4Bilx4ar cb3-
AaBaHero Ha ABe aBToHotvtru 6unrapcxu o6nacru e npe-
Aerure Ha uMnepunra. lzlEroqna, cbc cronuqa Tupnoeo,
u 3anagna, cbc cron[qa Co$un, rourro Aa BKnoqBar
3eMilTe, Bnu3aulu B repilropl4nra Ha bbnrapcKara eK3ap-
xnn. Typqun He npueMa re3u peueHilR 14 roBa orBapn
Bparure npe4 Pycurn ga npucrbnil KbM BoeHHu Aehcteua.

^ UbpKBara "CB. LlerupuAeceT Mbqe-
Hhr.l!4" BbB BenilKo TlpHoBo. TyK Ha
22 cenreMBpr,.t 1908 r e o6seeHa
He3aBuct4Mocrra Ha bbnrapyfl, a KHF3
Oepgrnang npreMa rrrnara uap.
CHIMKa xa qap Oep4nHauA u
^
npaBhrercrBoro npn o6neneaHe xa
He3aBrlc14Mocrra.
Bo"rqra 3a He3aBrrcr.rMocr - MoAepHara
rrepTa Ha obJrfapcKaTa cr'Ie.4ocBo6ox-
AEHCKA IIAEHTIIqHOCT
Karo perynrar or orKa3a Ha OcMaHcKara ilMnepilR
Aa ce cbo6pa3u c peueHilfra Ha BerilKilre cvnv, Ha 24
anpvn (12 anpun crap ctvtn) 1877 r. e KuuuHee pycKt4rr
uMneparop Anexcangup ll c uaHuQecr o6Renea eofiHa
Ha Typllilfl. Curara na brrrapcroro onbrqeHile urpae
KnoqoBa ponF B 3aqilrara Ha npoxoAa lumnxa ua 9, 10
'11 aerycr 1877 r. Brnpexu npmBh4Horo
ch npeguMcrBo
TypcKara apMilfl npeTbpnffBa Heycnex B onmTa cil Aa 3a-
Abpxr4 pycKrTe eoicxl4 Ha ceBep or crapa nnanuna. Ha
4aayapn1878r.(23 AeKeMBpl4 1877 r.ctap crrzrn) pycxara
apMufl Bnu3a e CoQran u ce HacoqBa xrm f1noe4ua. Cneg-
BarycneuHu BoeHHu AeticrByln g loxHa 6rlrapun. flpee-
3eMaHero na O4pralr npuHyx4aBa Typqran Aa ilcKa npn-
ri,rr,rpue. Ha 31 nuyapu (19 nuyapra crap criln) e noAnhcaH
nporoKon 3a "npeABapurenHil ocHoBaHuF Ha Milpa Mex-
4y Pycnn wfyptrya". flarara, Konro ocraBa 3aBuHaril B uc-
Tophflra na Ernrapun Karo oc'bulecrBflBaHe Ha HaquoHan-
HUR r,44ean, e 3 uapr (1 9 Qeepyapra crap crnn) 1878 r., roraro
e Can CreQaHo ce no4nilcBa npe4BapureneH MmpeH Eo-
roBop Mexgy BopBaulmre crpaHu. Cnope4 Kflay3ure My
6unrapcxara 4bpxaBa ce Bb3craHoBffBa Karo aBToHoMHo
KHflxecrBo, B rr4Lrro rpaHl4qt/ enuaar Ceeepua bulrapun
(6er Ceeepna ,Qo6py4xa, Konro npeMilHaea rru Pyrrrrr-
nurr), Tparun (6er parloHa Ha lorvrrop4xuHcKo) u O4prar-
cro n Maxe4onilr (6e3 ConyHcro m Xarru4uvecKilfl nony-
ocrpoB). Torra 4oroeop e nocpeulHar c BboAyr.ueBneHile
or qenilR 6rnrapcrn uapo4. ErrnrapuR e cao6o4na cneg
nerBeKoBHo po6creo.
Ha 1 ronu e noAnucaH bepluncxunr goroeop, c xorl-
To ce onpeAenr oKoHqarerHylrr craryr na 6tlrapcxara
AbpxaBa. Cancre$ancxa Ernrapun e pa3noKbcaHa, Karo
B CeBepHa 6rrrapun ce QopMnpa BacanHoro Ha Typqiln
KHRxecrao Etlrapun. B replrropraure ua rcr or Crapa nrta-
HilHa ce cb3AaBa aBToHoMHara o6racr lzlgroqn aPyMenuA,
a roaeMr o6nacnA, HacereHil c 6bnrapu, e Tpaxun u Ma-
KeAOHl4fl OCraBaT nOA npFKOrO ynpaBneHile Ha cynraHa.
Ceo6ogna Eulrapun He e He3aBa4ct4Ma. Heocbqecr-
BeH ocraBa ilAeanbr Ha fleBcKr4 3a EeMoKparuvHo pe-
ny6ruraucro ynpaBneHue, KaKTo Lr u4eanbr 3a Haqm-
oHarHo o6e4urerue. lenoro Ha Cte4nnenilero
KHRxecreo btnrapran u /l3roqra Pymelmn Ha 6 cenreM-
epu 1885 r. e u3qflno 6trrapcxo. Eurrapcxunr Hapog
pa3qura e4mHcrBeHo na co6creeHure cu cvnv v nptA
3ar4ilrara na CtegmneHuero B nocJleABanara Cpb6cKo-
6tnrapcxa eorina, m:eecrHa Karo "eofixara Ha Kanhra-
H ilre cpeuly renepan nre".
flpyroro 3HaquMo cu6urue B HoBara 6rlrapcxa rcro-
pr4r, Koero no3BonflBa Ha Ebnrapun Aa 3aeMe nonaraqo-
To tl ce MFcro Ha eaponeficrara nonuruqecKa cqeHa, e
o6neReanero Ha nbnHara He3aBucl4Mocr ot Ocruancrara
[Mnepufl Ha 22 cenreMepu 1 908 r. To e pe3ynrar or 6bp-
3oro pa3BilTile Ha 6bnrapcKoro o6qecrBo B Haqaroro Ha
XX e. n xprrrrara B OcMaHcKara ilMnepilR, npuvilHeHa or
Mnagorypcxara peBontoqufl .
Hegasucvrrvrocrra e npoB-b3rnaceHa c MaHilQecr B qbpK-
eara "ce. 9err,rpra4ecer MbqeHnqil" B TbpHoBo, a KHR3
Oepgurr.rar.r4 npueMa rilrnara qap. Mil Hilcrbp-npe4ceAa-
renRr Anexcan4tp MaluHoe npoqilra creg roBa MaHh-
Qecra na xtnua Llapeeeq. Ct6nrraero nonyqaBa uupoK
o6qecrBeH oraeyx. Iuvnuflr ceKperap Ha OepflilHaHA ro
ocBeAoMFBa 3a HacrpoeHurra B cronuqara c Lura$poea-
Ha renerpaMa:"Enrycua:mrr B qenilR rpa4 e HeonyrcyeM.
Bcuuxuynwqu u nnoqaAil ca 3agpbcreHil or rbrnn Ha-
po4, xoriro B3ailMHo ce no3ApaBflBa c "9ecruro UapcrBo!"
u enxa "Ypal"... Bcnqxu uara3uHu ca oKilqeHm cbc 3HaMe-
na. Hurora cronr4qara He e 6ilBana B TaKbB arrroprl'
B uanraQecra ce Ka3Ba: "qenu rplrAecer ro4unu, 6un-
rapcKl4flT Hapog, nenoxone6mMo BepeH KtM naMerra Ha
HapoAHilre AeriLll 3a ceonra ceo6oga il BboAyuJeBflBaH
or rexHure 3aBeru, HeyMopHo pa6orm 3a ypexAaHero Ha
xy6aBara cu 3eMfl yr cb3AaEe or Hefl noA Moe puxoeog-
crBo 14 oHoBa Ha o' 6ose noqilBult4n Knnr Anercan4up,
AbpxaBa, AocrofiHa 4a 6u4e paBHonpaBeH qreH B ce-
Mericreoro Ha qilBilnt430BaHilTe HapoA14."
rzr
C rola ax1 30 roguHr4 cneA EepnilHcKt4ff AoroBop, 6bn-
rapilfl 3aeMa Mflcroro, xoero r7r ce nonara cpeA He3aBuct4-
uure eeponeficKn EbpxaBil. Toea 4erlcreue 3aBbpuBa
flbrrun n'br ra uerTrxoro Bb3paxAaHe il oc-bqecrBflBa
Meqrilre Ha fleecru il Ha BcfiqKh peBonoqiloHepv6bffa-
pilre Aa uuar ceo6ogua il He3aBucuMa AbpxaBa.
*Amo c[eqeJrfl, rreqeJrl,I IIflJr HapoA,
aKo u3ry6s, ry6s caMo MeHe cr{."
C rageure t,t Aenoro cu leecril 3anncBa uMero cl4
c'bc 3narHil 6yxeu e naHTeoHa na 6trrapcrure repou.
Ceo6o4na il He3aBmcuMa brlrapun cbulecrByBa ilMeHHo
6raro4aperre Ha caMoxeprBara Ha peBontoqhoHepilTe,
ocralnntA gotu u ceueficrBo u nocBerfinu ce Ha Kay3ara
na ceo6o4ara. Toea e npuvuHara efluH rqRKoH Aa 3ax-
Bbpnil pacoTo u Aa xBaHe opbxneTo, a eAuH peBonpLll4-
oHep Aa npu3Hae: "Muna vvt Bexero! llocre oreqecrgoro
Hafi-unoro curvr o6mqan re6e!'i
Llenunr xilBor Ha Bacun fleecxu t4 Bct4qKo, cbrBopeHo
or Hero, yr3rrbqBa caMoqyBcTBreTo Ha qoBeK, poAeH oT
uapo4, rofiro He 3acnyxaBa Aa 6b4e po6. Torl ycnnBa Ea
BHylllvl ToBa caMoqyBcTBile Ha HapoAa cv v Ha HeroBilTe
Bo4aqr no nbrf xtru cao6ogara.
Anocrona 3aBeqaBa He caMo ilAeflTa Ha ceo6ogara,
Ho t4 ilAenra 3a eAHo AeMoKparuLtHo Abpxaauo ycrpofic-
rBo, KoeroAa no3Bolyl Ha 6bnrapcKiln HapoAAa tznrpa4r
MoAepHo il nporpecuBHo 06u.lecrBo.
Cuc sanaeRHero u o6ecBaHero My ocMaHcKara Bracr ce
HaAFBa Aa CrOMr4 CbnpOTnBVrenHVA Ayx Ha 6bnrapuTe,
Ho Bc"brlHocr cb34aBa eAHa nereHga. Mflcroro Ha o6ecea-
HeTO My, KbAerO AHeC Ce U3.qilra naMeTHUKbT Ha fleeCru,
craBa cilMBon na 6op6ara 3a cBo6o4a. Bcnxa ro4uua ua
Ha 19 $eepyapra 6tnrapcrunr HapoA c npil3HarenHocr ce
noKnaHF npeA HeroBara naMer. loKaro cbulecrByBa cBo-
6o4na u He3aBucuMa 6unrapran, u.1e 6'b4arxuBr4 tAtt1evre
ra Anocrona ra 6unrapcxara cBo6oga.
 Jeecnu B ll3KycrBoro C xareo "rleB cKI{ Irp eAI{3BrrKBa 6bJrrapc-
KOTO C:b3HaHrre AHec? Ha xanno MolKe
Ba:os o6egcMlrprnsa o6pa:a ua leecril B pa3Ka3ilTe Ia
"Anocrona s npervrexgrae'| "9trtctvtat nw", "l/ts rpuaunure'i
Aa Hayqu AOCTOfiHrrre 6rnrapu) 3a
6nAar paBHorlpaBHrr q,'IeHoBe B EC?
a oAara "leecril" nocraBfl B Haqafloro Ha qnKbJla "Enonen
ra :a6pasennre'1 B noeecrra "Hemunm-uepparu" e wzrpa- fleecril cb3gaBa eAHa uAeonorlAa, Roflro npaBil B-b3-

4er nan-clture:tApaHtAnr u naft-toqen cnoBeceH noprper Ha noxna rpaucQopMaqnflra na 6trrapcxnn HapoA B Haqltfl.
flnxoua:"fieecrvr nMaue pbcr cpegeH, rbHbK vl crpoeH; oLlvl Heroevtsr n-br qeprae il3nbrHeHilero Ha eflHa cBflTa
ctABtA, noqrl/t ctlHt/|l MycraulA LlepBeH/KaBil, KOCa pyca, nvlqe MtActAA, a Aenoro My F yBeHqaBa c 6eacuuprne. Or noro-

o6ro, oronqecto r/r il3nilTo or HenpecraHHa Milcbn r 64enue, fieHtzte Ha noKoneHile vl.qeafiilTe, nponoBflABaHm or Anoc-
HO KOeTO Ce OXvlBflBaUe OT erqHa nocToflHHa /l ecTecTBeHa Be- TOna, ce noMHFT vl Ca qacr or HaqiloHanHoro oc-b3HaBaHe

cenoci'3a Anocrona nruar laurn ,!annnoe, CraHra fleu'le- Ha BceK/r 6tnrapnu.

aa, Mragen lzlcaee, [eoprrrrCrpyttcxut, Hrxona Oypnapxues vt 9pe: nogeura Ha Aeroro cil Ieecril il3nil3a il3BbH paM- ^ UbpKBara "CB. llerKa CauaPPNritc
xa'l a qenrtpa Ha Co$un, KbAero c
MHoro Apyril. Heroerzr 6uorpa$uu ctagaear 3axapn Cronnoe, KilTe Ha cBoero BpeMe il il3BbH rpaHilLltlTe na brrnrapur.
npe,qnonara, ve e norpe6au
CronH 3ailAaoe, Tiean Yngxues. Ee3cMbprHa ocraea il 6oreea- Xeprearaxu ce, 3a Aa ocblUecrBu MvtcvflTa Ha cBoR xvlBoI' Baciln JleBcKil.
ra enerrR "O6ecBaHero Ha Bacm Ieecr/'i rofi gaeeulaea BilcoKr4 MopanHil LleHHocrvl n nn6oe xrru
flper 1971 r. v3nu3a 6tnrapcxrRr cepuar "fleuontr poAr/Hara, xouro rpn6ea Aa 6tgar ornpaBHa roqKa n 3a
Ha ilMnepuflra'ionuceaq ApaMarnqHara 6op6a Ha ney- vrAHilTe nOKOreHvlfl.
noBvrMvrn AeMoH Ha rypcKara ilMnepilF - Bacun fleecril. C npreuanero cu e Eeponeticrnn cuoa 5rrlrapilff craBa

Ctrgagenu ca il MHoxecrBo AoKyMeHTanHn Qmnrrar raro qacr or eBponeficxara o6qHocr,yavt|v4wpahKu ce c Hefl,

"flecHrre sa Anocrona'f "lpo6tr Ha Ileecxra'l "3a6paeenu- no r ganaggaitril cBoflTa ilAeHTilqHocr xaro Haqrn. Cneg-
Te nbrtlqa na Anocrona". eafixil Eaeerilre na Anoctona, Hile cMe AJI-bxHu Aa cropvlM
Kaprmnure na lieopru !anuoe-3orpaQrana, Hrarona BCl/lrlKO nO CVnVre cw aa 4a 6uge Stlrapun "ceRra n unc-

Koxyxapoe, flerup B'unuee, boprac Aurenyuee, Karuua ra" peny6rvrra r gocrofino ga saeue no4o6asaqoro fi ce
Tacesa, Xeqro flonoe, Baciln Croilroe,,leuxo Togop.ge u MFcro B eBponeitcroro ceuetitcreo.

MHoro Epyn4 npecb34aBar o6paaa na leecxil e HRxcir or .

"fla 6rgenl paBHil c Apyrilre eeponetlcru Hapo4fl 3aBn-
Harit-uanpernarrire MoMeHTil or xt4Bora uy: "3anaafuero cil or HauMre co6creeHu lagpyxnur cmrzrl'
ua fleecxra", "fleecxut npeg ctga'i "O6eceanero Ha IeB- llper nnyapur 2007 r.Bacnn fleecru e o6ReeH ra nafi-
Bceru qpfix B Te3il KaprLtHtl e HaHeceH cbc 3aMax,
cxrrr'l eenhxnn 6tnrapun c rflacoBere ua 6nuzo 59 xvnapvt
rl3gaBaq narpvlorvt3bM u gtn6or npornoH npefl naMerra 6wr.apn, y'racrBatu B t43creABaHe Ha Eunrapcxara
ria Anocrona na ceo6ogara, HaqiloHarHa rereBtl3l4fl .

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sa Bacran.Jleecrfi e !4.1:j . -- :r ,r : i:r: j:--+.::::i'l -

oT nbpBnTe naMeTHilqn413A14rHaTU B HO- .*;;r:-;:;i:r;l::.,i:. :. :;:.ll:::.,.:

: ... ,,. _': 1. . rii::i.:: l + "'a
Bara cront4qa creg Ocso6oxgeurero. r:rt:i.:r-*"i?.ls.+--:f . 4=:+,;:tj!::
*""aar*
Tofi e nocraeeH e 6,nlr:ocr go npeAnona-
taeMoro MFcro ua ex:exyqnnra ra 6tl-
rapcKrff peaonoqiloHep il e orKpnT Ha
22 oKroMBpil 1895 L
 ISSN 1791-4256

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