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CTPAHA HA llPOlzl3XO!: ft,pqnr

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14KOHOMt4tlECKtl,!IzIPEKTOP: Ooruc Ooily
MEHlzfiXbP HA PEAAKTY]PAHE 14 NPO/3BOICTBO:
Bvrppxunua Kyrpy6ac

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,Qurnac Maraprrrp Epoilr73 noMol!Hl,4K-PEAAKTOP I/t KOOpAt/lHATOp 34

6411KAHl,4TE: Irzrrvrwpnc flvunrpuapnc

,i, nPOt43BOACTBEH KOOPllzl HATOP:

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MEHTIAXbP fl OrtlCTlzlKA lz1 OIlEPA!l.4lz1:

lnmmpuc llacxa,r14uc

Cuneoxnnr rilraH, Kofiro npoMeHr u3r{f,no fnoxuR cneA BoftHara KOOPAI,IHATOP I'Oll CrlAKA il OnEPAU7Itl: AHroHhc IoMrlc
CnEUtIAnHA AAAnTAUTIfl 34 6btllAPCKVt E3l4K:
Tperrnr cilH B ceMeficrBo Ha BoeHHil rL4tA TXOPAX EOOA (GIGA GEORGE EOOD)

PEAAKUI/fr KOPEKIt4fl: Paruqa llauafiorosa

Paxganero Ha MnaA[F BerepaH or Bor/Hara 1,4

rlE9AT tl nOABbP3BAHE: HAIDEMENOS S.A.

Meqrara Ha 6au{ara, ocbu{ecrBeHa or cl/Ha
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o 2008 De AGOSTINI Hellas
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Komangeauquflr oKynaquoHHnre ct ni, Kofiro u3rorBn cqeHapur

3a Bb3CTaHOBflBaHeTO Ha fnOHUf
{exa na 6poeeere:
Llera ra nrpann 6poi: 1,50 flB.
!era xa cnepeaqure 6poeBe:3,70 nB.

Iuqnocrnre, Kolrro ca nocnaHuqu Ha Mupa BbB BcIqxn tercrose ca 3aqilTeH!4 c aBTopcKil npaaa.3a6pareHo
e Bb3npoil3BexAaHeTo, cKaHhpaHeTo, npeEaBaHeTo ilff il
BEKA HA BOfiHATA il3non3BaHeTo Ha MaTeprannTe c TbproBcKa Llen noE KaKBaTo tr Aa
e Sopua 6e: nilcMeHoro cbrnacIe Ha peAaKropa.

lenepanur, xofiro noBeil(Aa qrra eAHa Abp)KaBa no

nbrr Ha naqraQnsrvra

3a aauero no-go6po o6cnyxaaue rbpcere n34aHnero Br,4Har!4 B eAhH t4 cbllj rbproscxn o6exr n
yaegouneailre npoAaBaqa 3a HaMepeHilero cil Aa 3aKynilTe eBeHTyanHo n cnegeaqnre 6poeee.
3a scRxaxsa unQoprvraqr,rr, cnpaBKLl,3aMrHa Ha eK3eMnnrpyl ilnil nopbqKt4 Ha npeAhulHl4 6poeae,
norbpcere xra na reneQox (02) 489 95 53 Anv HA n:nparere e-mail Ha a4pec info@deagostini.bg.
,$ Aa norylure no-4o6po o6cnyNeaxe, nopt vearire ecexu 6pori
O6cnyxaane Ha KJlneHru: noHeAenHhK - nerux, 1 0:00 - 1 5:00 q.
Ha_,.lopeA4qqra or eAilH fl cbr.l ftproBcxu nyrxr r nuQopmupaire
npoAaBaqa 3a HaMepeHilero ch Aa KynyBare CneABaLqfiTe bpoeBe.

3a ga nonyrnre crapu 6poeae no notqala, nrpeo ce o6agere ta reneQox (02) 489 95 53,
creA Koero npeBegere xeo6xogumara cyMa no cMerKa: yl3AaTenFT cr 3ana3Ba npaBoro Aa npoMeHfl peEa Ha il3AaBaHe
AnQa Sarx
Ha nopeAuqara, KaKTo u npaBoro Ha u:6op ra flMeHara,
IBAN: BG3gCRBA 9898 1 001 071 8 50 KOilTO r4e Ce npeACTaBflT_
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Keap fiafiperr EOOI
llpu nonyuaeate Ha crapil 6poeee no Kyp[ep 3annaqaHero craBa B MoMeHTa
Ha no,lyt{aBaHero.
Euuac MaKaprbp
KarcbB e HeroBvrflT )KI4Bor?

ABfycr rg4st.,cneA Karo ry6w aorzHara ,flnonnne o6xea-

1-TpE3
I lxara or xaoc, 6egHocr il pa3pyxa. CrpaHara Ha 6oroeere He
MOXe Ropvr Aa Cn nperqcTaBn, qe e Bb3MoxHo rqa il3rre3e c nopa-
xeHre or BoeHeH roHQnvKT, Ho B rparZHa cMerKa ce npilHyxgaBa
4a o6new 6ezycnoBHara ctA KannrynaqtAn npefl CbogHvr4me. W
raKa npeA cMaflHnfl flnoHcKr/ HapoA ce noFBflBa eAilH aMepnKaH-
cKil reHepan Ha nMe ,[urnac Maxaprup.
Toir e Ha3HaqeH 3a BbpxoBeH ilaBHoKoMaHABaq Ha CuogHil-

'.{ecKilTe cvnv, xofrro nMa 3aflaqa 4a Ha6noAaBa oKynaqvflTa

Ha flnoHnfl v Aa npe4npileMe ocbr{ecrBrBaHero Ha nonnrtA-
qecKil peQoprvrn, c ornerq Bb3craHoBrBaHero Ha pa3pyueHara
Bcne4crBile Ha eofiHara crpaHa. Te ernoqBar arpapHa peQop-
Ma, pa3nycKaHe rur pasQopMrlpaHe Ha QrzlHaHcoByt rpynnpoBKw,
IaBaHe na uz6vtparenHil npaBa Ha xeHcKara qacr Ha Hacene-
Hmero, AeMoKparilqHo o6pa3oBaHile il KoHcrtATyqtAA, B KoflTo
rqa ce 3anilue v3ptAr4Ho aHraxilMeHT za nz6nrBaHe Ha BbBnt4-
qaHe BbB BoeHHvr geficrens. BcnqKtA Te3tA peQopnnil oKa3Bar
eQerr Bbpxy Hanpe4bKa B flnoHcKoro o6qecrBo v Ha Mflcroro
Ha crpaxa, rorZro nbpBoHaqanHo n3nnrBar flnoHllnre KbM
Maxaprbp, nocreneHHo uABa yBaxeH nero.
AnneprKaHcKr4flT reHepafl noeMa KoHTpona HaA flnonun v
norara ocHoByrre Ha flnoHcKoro o6qecrBo cneg eofiHara.
Karre e ,[rrnac Maraprbp Karo qoeer?
 t {.I : tort (.1 lz1,: I : 7rI trt tr lzl r

1783 [ Cr:gaear ce CteguneHilre aMepilKaHcKl4 l{arr.

1853 fl Arrnepr,rraHeqbr Konnogop llepn nprcrilra B 3arrBa na Ego (Torno) c o$nqnanno npegnoxeHile 3a cKllloqBaHe
Ha AOTOBOp 3a rbproBcKl4 KOHTaKTil.

1 861 lAz6yxea lpaxgaxcrara eofiHa e flnoxlls.

1880 fl Ha 26 anyapu e rlurtn Por (r4ara Apxan:ac, CAt!) ce paxAa ,ftrnac Maraprup.

1 898 lAz6yxea TlcnaHo-amepuKaHcKara aoitFla.

1898 fl Maxaprbp nocrbnBa ete BoeHHara aKa.qeMilff Ha CAI! e Yecr nofiHr.

1903 fl Maraprbp 3aB'bpulBa aMeprKaHcKara BoeHHa aKa.qeMilfl e Yecr flolaHr.

1904 I Haqano Ha Pycro-nnoHcKara eoitHa.

1914 lzls6yxaa flrpsara cBeroBHa eoft Ha.

1917 Maraprup e il3npareH Ha 3anagnrn Sponr.

1918 Kpafi Ha flrpeara cBeroBHa eofHa.

1919 [l Maraprbp noeMa nocra pbKoBoAilrefl sa BoeHHara aKaAeMilfl ua CAt!.

1922 Maxaprtp cKnroqBa 6pax c flyrc Kpomyen 6pyrc.

1928 fl trrtaxaprbp noeMa nocra npeflceAarea na OnumnrfrcKilfl KoMr4rel aHraxilpaH c noAroroBKara Ha yqacruero
ua CAI! B npe4croet{vre tAtp.A.

1930 fi Maxaprbp craBa raaBHoKoMaHABau.l Ha aMeprKaHcKara apMulff.

1931 fl Ma Hgxypcxr,r n H qilAeHr.

1935 [ Maraprbp noeMa KoMaHABaHero Ha $nnnnuHcKrre BoeHHil cnnil.

1937 ff Maxaprbp cKnoqBa 6par:a Bropil nbr c,[xeriH Mapu Oetprnor.

1939 n lz1a6yxea Bropara cBeroBHa eofiHa.

1941 fl lAs6yxea eofrHara e TilxooxeaHcKr4fl periloH.

1944 fl Maraprbp e il3AilrHar e Hafi-ercoKyrfl rr4H ete eoftcxara - reHepan Ha apMrflra (0en4uapu:an).

1945 fl Maxaprbp 3aeMa nocra Ha rflaBHoKoMaHgeaq Cr'osHr4qecKilre cvntA B f nonnR.

1946 ff B Toxuo (fnonun) ce npoeex4ar 3ace.qaHilfl Ha Mex4yuapo4Hun BoeHeH rpn6ynan sa ,flanevnun n3roK.

1 950 lAt6yxea Kopefr crara eofi Ha.

1951 Maraprrp HanycKa pegur{ilre Ha apMilflra.

1953 fr llocrraraHe Ha npilMt4pile h npeKparflBaHe Ha orbHf, e Kopeficxara eoitHa.

1961 flocrponsa ce Sepnrncxara creHa. ?J,trJND'l " \C(

1964 lrrnac Maxaprrp yMilpa ua 5 anpnn ate BaunHrroH.

1965 [ Ecxanarlilff Ha HanpexeHilero il oxecroqaBaHe Ha eottnara ete BilerHa^ .

1966 $ Havano sa Benuxara nponerapcKa KynrypHa peBonloql4fl a Krrafi.

1973 fr Hopruanu3upaHe Ha.qilnnoMarilqecKilre B3arMoorHoueHrr Mex4y Avreprxa uKnrah.

1975 Kpafi na eofiHara ete BuerHal .

1990 lAt6yxea Botinara e llepcufrcrnA 3anua.

1991 n
Kpafr na Cry4enara eofiHa nnexgy Tlsroxa r 3anaga.
CnueoK tilflT Tr,rr LH, Kofi To
rpoMeHfl u3rlflro flnonrrfl
cJreA Bor{HaTa
I4uero or pyrrHr{Te Ha cneABoeHHa flilottt'ts u
Ha rroBeKa, r<ofiro vsHlzKBa
BHac{ peA s Awrr. z [aneuuuq rr3ToK, npoAbn)KaBaq u Ao AHec, e lrrnac
Maxaprrp. fepo-ar, rocrr4rHan no6e4ra B ABe cBeroBHr{ nofiutz, e pbKoBoArrre.rr
cr,c crrnHa pbKa rro BpeMe Ha oKynaqr4flTa sa flnosus..
Karsa e 6ofiuara r4croplrfl ua reuepara?
^ MaKaprbp Ha 1 3-roAilulHa
er:pacr Heroernr 6par Aprlp

TpermflT cwH B ceMeilcreo Ha BoeHHvr Beqe ycil ars BoetHouopcxara

aKaAeMilfl Ha CAIJ-I a Auanorrc
L4 XilBee CaMOCTOFTeflHO Aa'leC
MoMqero nrn Qopra or cemeficreoro cil. MaKaprbp e
r:qnno o6rpageu c BHrMaHilero
DCBOT.TTE "MEMOAPI4" nbLLA.C MAKAPTT,P nilue, Rra c yqacrilero Ha HeroBilfl 6ar4a. Aprup Maxaprup sa ceosra mafrra,

l-JDve nrperare My cnoMeHil ca cB-bp3aHyi c-bc 3ByKa e c uornaHAcKil npoil3xog n BeAHara cne4 ur:6yx-
Ha cilrHanHara rpr6a, nogceulaula 3a Haqaroro Ha BaHero ua lpaxgaHcxara eorlHa craea 4o6poeoneq
6wxara.Toia e poAeH ua 26 auyapvt 1 880 r. er's $opr erte eoficxara. lloeilueH e e apveficrN qilH il ce npe-
lrrun Pox B ulara Apxauaac, KbAero no cbu-loro Bp'bqa B nah-ttnapwa nonKoBHrK B yrcropr4nTa Ha
BpeMe ce HaMrpar poAilTeflilre My yt B qacrHocr aMepilKaHcKaTa apMilfl 3apaAil nocTilxeHilRTa cr B
cnyxil HeroBilnr 6ar.qa. 6r4eLqranr reHepan ce paxAa lpax4aHcxara eofiHa. CMRTaH e sa repofi il noflyqaBa
lpaxgancrara eofina, xoRro
15 ropnavt cneA KpaF ua Aopil n po3B14 lt1ero "rvromqero-nonxoeH rx'l C no4o6no
pa3genn CuegrueHure u4aru. B oHe3il AHr4 Qopro- HacneAcrBo e Herg6exHo ftrnac Maxaprup ga He
BeTe npeAcTaBnflBaT yKpenneHilfl B rpaHilLtHHTe il3pacHe c pa3Ka3ilTe za 6vtxut il eoilcra.
3OHr4/ 3aulilTaBaulyr krHTepecmTe Ha npeceflHyil_lilTe B
CpegHrn 3anag il ocr4rypnBaulr 3aqilra cpeuly Mecr-
fl,rasonere na uafircara
Horo r4HAilaHcKo HaceneHile. Te ca 4ocra xilBonncHo Mafixara ua Maraprup - Mepr flrurnrra Xapgra,
r:o6pa:euri ers Sranvra or xaHpa yecr-bpH Ha pexil- HapilqaHa [1uuwa, ilMa orpoMeH npilHoc B-bB Bb3nil-
cuopa lxoH Oopg "Tn Hoce[Je xbnra nanAenxa" (She TaHilero Ha ,{rrnac Karo BoeHeH. llwn<u vcxa lurnac
Wore a Yellow Ribbon). Aa craHe roqHo Karo ceon 6ar4a, a ocBeH ToBa, Karo
Bta Qoprosere cnyxar MHoxecrBo eonntrt4u, xeHa, KoflTo e po4oM or qara Bup4xrHnn, e il3n'bl-
KOmTO npOA'bIXaBaT Aa na3flT CnOMeHa 3a KpbBOnpO- HeHa c ropAocr 3apaAil reHepan Po6tpr EgyapgnrAtA,
ntArvflra ua lpax4ancxara eofiHa. lloHRrora re pa3- rnaBHoKoMaHAeaul KoHSegeparnBHara apMnfl Ha ^ Crpagara Tayrp s flrftr Pox,
Ka3Bar Ha ManKilfl Maraprup ra 6nrxure vex4y nexo- CeeepHa Brp4xruun. KbAero e po4en Marapr-up. lnec
TyK ce noMeu]aBa My3eFT 3a BoeHHa
Tara il fiH,4ilaHqure. Maxaprtp xagHo nonilBa ilcro- ,[rrnac ilMa ABaMa no-rolleMil 6parn. Hatit- ilcropufl Ha qara Apxax:ac, xoceq
pwAre, a HeroBil nn6vttav ca re3il 3a crbnKHoBeHil- Bb3pacrHyrflI rorZro e c qerilpyr roAnHr4 no-rofiffM, rMero Ha Maxapmp.

AMepilKaHcKara BoeHHd dhdAeMilfl B yec r floilH t, uara Ho lzlopx.

TFe c 200 roAiluHa [cropufl il or cb3AaBaHeTo t4 npe3 1 802 r.
Hefrsr gr:nrrasuqtr ca MH03rHa aMepilKaHcKil npe3rAeHTil,

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Aprup Maxaprup Tpeflrr, 3aBbpuBa Boeuuomopcxara
aKaAeMilr ua CAI! il HanycKa cBofl AoM,3a Aa 3aMilHe
na cnpx6a Ha 6opga ua eoeueH xopa6.
lpyrnn My no-roflFM 6pa1 Manrunrvr, xorlro e c ABe
roAilHr4 no-B'b3pacreH, yMilpa B pe3ynrar or:a6onR-
BaHe rplr ro4r4Hyr cneA paxAaHero ua ,!urnac. llunxu
orAaBa qffnara cil no6oe Ha eAuHcrBeHwn cna, xohro
ocraBa y 4ovra 6nr:o Ao Heff - flurnac, u neqrae rorl
Aa cneABa cr-bnKr{Te Ha cBofl 6aqa, xoraro nocee-
ulaBa Lleniln cil xr4Bor Ha apMilflra. lurnac Maxaprup
noKopHo ,,r cMl4peHo npileMa oqaKBaHilFTa Ha cBoflTa
ttahxa u KaHgrAarcrBa B'bB BoeHHara arageuun e Yecr
fiorZnr. Tora o6aqe He ycnflBa Aa ,{3Abpxr4 npe4Bapil-
TeflHnre recroBe sa Qn:uvecxa noAroroBKa. ToqHo e
ro3r4 MoMeHT lluHxn uapa6orBa ABa nnaHa, 3a Ea ocil-
rypr Bnil3aHeTo Ha cBofl cr4H B'bB BoeHHoTo yr]r4lr4qe.
llupeunr e Aa ce npeMecrflr Aa xnBenr e ut6npa-
TetHvrF patioH, xr4ero xilBee KoHrpecMeH, 3aeMau.l
BilcoK nocr e Yecr llofiHI, Kotitro B cbll1oro BpeMe e
MHoro Ao6'bp nprFTen Ha HerZHr4fl cBeKbp. TorZ rpn6ea
ga y6egra KoHrpecMeHa Aa Hanilue npenop'bKa 3a cilHa
h.|;pyrvrr' nnaH e Ea orKpile uarZ-go6pran cnellilanilcr
e CA[, Kofiro Aa r43neKyBa npo6neva c il3KpuBeHur
rprr6Haven crun6 Ha ueituua cnH - npilr.{l4Hara roir ga
6tge orxerpneH no BpeMe Ha npueMa B aKageMnffTa.
narap ue $uauvecrure rpeHr,rpoBKil 3a nbrHoro My
lzl
Bb3craHoBflBaHe sa6aesr HeroBoro Bnil3aHe B-bB BoeH-
Horo yrrilnilu{e/ npe3 1898 r. lurnac Maxaprup Harl-
HaKpafl nocrbnBa e "Yecr flofiHr'i
Pa:qner Ha Jrr{AepcKr.r cloco6Hocrr{ rr
)MeHr{fl
BegHara creg nocrbnBaHero cr4 e "Yecr florlnr"
,Qrmac Maxaprup 3anoqBa Aa ce paABa Ha yBaxeHil-
eTo Ha ocTaHanilTe 3apaAr,l nilAepcKilTe cil KaqecTBa.
llprvnna 3a roBa ca He caMo Br4coKnre My aKaAeMnqHil
nocvxeHilF. Eguu 4en no BpeMe Ha 3aHflTr4fl Qra:rave-
cKr/ TopMo3 ce oKa3Ba npilqilHa 3a cMbpTTa Ha nbpBo-
KypcHr4K il ce npeBpbt4a B cKaHAan c HaqiloHarHo 3Ha-
qenile. Koraro Maxaprup e npilBilKaH B aMepilKaHcKr4F
KoHrpeg 3a Aa cBhgerencrBa npe4 ceHarcKara KoMkl-
cilfl, pa3cnegBaula cny'{afl, BbnpeKil npr3HaHr4eTo/ qe
cnyLraflr e 6pyranen no6oh, toitr ycnnBa Aa orKnoHll
B'bnpoc?rTe il 4a He Kaxe Hilr4o npoTklB r4cTklHcKilTe
tt r.
HanaAaTeril, KoeTo r Oororpa$rn c ercoxa clorisocr
614 AoBeno Ao npofoHBaHeTo ilM oT
yqe6Horo 3aBeAeHne. Cnorot)rcreilero, Koero il3r'brlBa, or 1 885 r., 3aneqarana ceuefrcrsoro
sa Marapftp - HeToBure poAilTenil fi
n Aocrofi Horo noBeAeH ile npegil3Br4 KBar Bb3xl4 uleHil-
neroeun 6par Aprbp - BcuqKu 3ae,qHo.
eTo Ha ocTaHanuTe KaAeTil/ BKlltor]nTeflHo il no-cTap- Movcero ornseo e nerToAiluHrFT
Lurre. Or ro3r4 MoMeHT HacerHe Maxaprup BilHaTil ,qbrnac. loBopff ce, ve e ro6uueq
cToil HaqeIo Ha cBoilTe cbKypcHr,rqr4 ilnil no-MlaAilTe sa uaftxa cu ltvaxn. flo rpagnqrn
e ceuericreo MaKaprbp eAilH or
MoMqera qaK Ao 3aBbpuBaHero cil. He e HyxHo Aa
ctrHoBere BVHafv Hocv flMero Apftp.
ce cnoMeHaBa, qe c'bBerilTe Ha flilHKr4 no orHoueHile
xeflaHoro noBeAeHile Ha Maxaprup, ca 6e:qeuuu.
Koraro rorir Bnil3a B "Yecr llorlHr'l fluHxu ce npeMecrBa
Aa xilBee B xoren, HaMilpau.l ce B 6n[3ocr Ao BoeH-
Hara aKaAeMilfl, il npeKapBa BcFKa Beqep c ,Qrrnac,
- Cnoprucrtr Maxaprtp (eroprnr
xofiro xreee e o6qexurnero Ao cBoero 3aB-bpuBaHe. BneBo B 3aAHara peprqa) o6oxaea
,{opu cne4 roearABVHarv croil Heorn-bqHo Ao Hero Ao 6er,r:6ona r aueprxarcxrr Qyr6on
cM-bprra cil npe3 1935 r. Maxaprup laerpuea "Yecr
flofiHr" Karo rperil B KracaqilflTa no oqeHKil Ha orru.t-
Hyrqr4re or cb3AaBaHero Ha aKa4eMrnra nper 1802 r.
il neqenil MHo3ilHa nocne4oBarenu. Or gpyra crpaHa
qecro e o6err Ha noA[rpaBKr4 c AyMilTe, qe e "n'bpBylnT
B l4cropr4nra na Yecr llofiuT, ror)rro 3aB'bpuBa 3aeAHo
cbc cBoflra uarZxa'l
)Iu qH rt Ar o !t( L'ti ttr u
SOEH AyX 14 KbCMET, KyITt/B14pAH14
c noMolqTA HA cnoPTA
,[trnac Maraprbp e il3Kr]NcqilTefleH cnop- ua 6yxanrara, r. e. 6er ga ce galraxea). Hero-
tilcr. Heroeil nto6t'tt'tttt cnoproBe ca aMepil- enre ctor6opuvlrlvt My flaBar npo3Brlqero
KaHCKilTe HaqUOHanHr4 CnOpTOBe - aMepil- "Heno6egumran !rr') a rurr,ttr npo.qbnxaBa
KaHcKl4flr Qyr6on r,r 6eriE6oltr. loraro ce Aa neqenil no6e4a cneg no6ega.
HaMilpa e "Yecr nouHr') noHnKora e rBbp4e ,[pyr enu:o4 pa3Ka3Ba 3a IA3ABVTe Ha
eHTycila3ilpaH no orHor.reHile Ha 6eris6ona Maraprup s amepr,rraHcxrn Qyr6on. 11o epeue
14To Ao raKaBa creneH, ve npene6perea Ha qeTBbprara roAnHa oT cBoff npecror,r a'Yecr
3aHLrMaHilFTa Cil B yqfinilqe. llorirnr" e KanilTaH na or6opa !4 Kapa BceKh
Kanuranrr na 6erlE6onHnn or6op orle- ilrpaq Aa Hocil Ha fbp4r/Te cil "A" xaro cnrrireon
nRea flrrnac Karo arpecilBeH rarpau. Torl ne e Ha npilHaflnexHocrra KbM ruua. loeopu ce,
oco6euo 4o6rp a 6arupaHero vt $uilngwra, qe ro4ilHl4 no-KbcHo, B Hoqra npe4u 6urxara
Ho e npuBfieKareneH no oco6en naqns. npu lzlnveon, ltrnac Hocr4 xaral etpxy roriro
lloHRrora o6tprsa nilrubpa il ycnnBa Aa e 6po4upaHa 6yxeara "A'l il y4bpxa peura-
AocrurHe 6aaa c vernpn ronKil ilnil ocb- aaqa no6ega, KoflTo ce oKa3Ba crparerr4qe-
qecrBnBa 6rnr (ronra, y4apeHa c nopnaraHe cKil noBpar 3a cilnure na O6e4uueHilre Haqrh.
PaxgaHero Ha Mn a1nn BerepaH or eoilHara
lrpnoro rrbr)'BaHe Ao A:rq
Hn zo-ro4arune B:b3pACT, cneA Karo 3aBbpuBa aKaAe-
trailRra e Yecr lloilq Maraprup oqaKBa Aa nonyqu xaAy-
BaHuF nocr B KaBanepilflTa. Bmecro roea o6aqe ce c4o-
6uga c qun Ha BTopr4 nerlreuanr B ilHXeHepHilfl Kopnyc
Ha aMepnKaHcxara apuun. ToBa BoeHHo noApa3AeneHile
ce cnaBu c Qarra, qe B Hero ce ocbqecrBnea narir-6tp-
3oro noB[uaBane e apueficxu tlAH, a ocBeH ToBa KaAe-
Ture,3aBbpurr4nvr c orrr4qile, ce parqBar Ha go6po orno-
uleHue. ToqHo e ro3u MoMeHT lurnac B3eMa u3Kntoqu-
TerHo BaxHo 3a cBonra 6u4erLla Kapilepa peueHue. Toti
ce aanucea 4o6poBoneq 3a Ha3HaqeHue Ha Awnnnnuute,
Kouro no-KbcHo qe Hapeqe ceofi "eropra po4eH 4otr,t'i
(Dununuxure ca Mncro, cbxpaHffBau{o uai-crunn cno-
MeHr 3a 6aqara na Maraprup, Aprup. I1o BpeMe Ha
l4cnano-auepnKaHcKara eorlHa or 1898 r. Aprup cnyxu
Ha (Dmnununrre, Kor4To ca aMeprKaHcKa repilTopr4n,
xaro 6puragen reHepan B aMepuKaHcKara go6poeonve-
cKa apMilfl, a no-KbcHo il3nbrlHFBa MbxHocrra Ha Boe-
HeH ry6epuarop Ha ocrpoBilre. Tofi sanoqea 4a peSop-
Mtapa AbpxaBara, ravrrarku ocHoBHilre qoBeuKn npaBa
ta nporpeca Ha o6paaoeaHrero. AuepnxaucKoro npaBil-
rercrBo o6ave npu6tp3Ba c npexoAa KbM rpax4aH-
cKo ynpaBneHile u Aprup, Karo 3aulilTHr4K Ha BoeHHilF
pex[M, qecTo r3naAa B pa3Hornacue c no3nquilre Ha
npaBurencrBoro u e xpafiHa cuerra e oceo6o4eH or 3ae-
MaHuff nocr 14 npexBbpneH B Apyr rapHu3oH npea 1 902 r.
OcHoeHara npuqilHa, nopaflr roRro,{urnac craea
go6poeoneq 3a Ha3HaqeHue Ha OununilHilre, e
$axr4 qe roir ncxa Aa cne4Ba Meqrara Ha cBofl cKbn
6arqa. Oceen roaa e AueprKa no oHoBa BpeMe, eAilH-
CTBeHOTO MflCTO, KbAeTO UMa Bb3MOXHOCT 3a peanHil
cpaxeHnfl u yqacrile B cbBceM ilcruHcKr4 xoHQnrxrn
14 crbnKHoBeHua, ca @unvnuHure 3apaAil npilcbcr-
Pagnr-d.rHa
r4cToPt4f 3A ToBA KAK MAKAPTbP HASITOAABA
'lloEonurHA
EOfiHUTE AEr4CTBl4f, nO BPEME HA PyCKO-f,nOHCKATA BOl4HA
Crqecreysar MHoxecrBo Mr4roBe u flereHflil 3a xnBora
na Maxaprup, HffKor4 or Kor4To oqeBupHo ca Aaneq or ucrvr-
rara. Cnopeg eAHa or rnx rorl na6nrogaaa Pycxo-nnoxcrara
eofrHa e Maxpxypran, Krarari. Cnope4 HanilcaHoro e "Mel/lo-
aphre Ha,[tmac Maxaprup": "e uavaroro Ha oKToMBpr4 BHe-
3anHo nonyqhx 3anoBe4 Aa na6rogaeau 6oirsure geticrenn
e Pycxo-Rnoncxur BoeHeH xorQnuxr. B raru eoitua eu4nx,
qyx h Hayqux MHoro neqa. C ovure cu rne4ax KaK nerffr aprn-
nepuficrn cHapflAr4, a no 6oilxoro nore nexar rerara
3arhHaflilre eofinuqul'Ha 5 cenremepn 1905 r., meceq npegvr
10 oxromepu - Aarara, Ha KoflTo Maxaprup ranycxa Cau
Bhero Ha napril3aHcKl4 QopuupoeaHilff, Kor4To ce
6opnr ra HaqnoHanHa He3aBilcr4Mocr.
f1o eperrae Ha cBofl npecrofi ere OilnrnuHure flurnac
Maraprup il3nbrHrBa 4ocrotlHo il noflrlHo Mr4ct4flTa
cr4 B r4HxeHepH[fl Kopnyc, Karo npoBex,Aa pe$oprvra e
ranuea MaHilna u nocrponBa Kpenocrra Koperu4op.
Cne4 e4Ha roAilHa o6ave npecrofr My BHe3anHo
npuxnovea. Tofi ce par6onnea or Manapilr u e npuHy-
AeH Aa ce 3aB'bpHe B AoMa cu.fleceruneruR no-KbcHo
o6aqe ce 3aBpbula, 3a Aa ce 6rae cper4y flnoHcKara
apMrfl oT yKpenneHue, 3a quero nocrpoflBaHe e cno-
MO|HAN B MilHANOTO.
^ MaKaprbp e noBhueH B LtLtH
Ieporr or ilr,pBara cBeroBHa BofiHa neiTeHaHL Koraro e Ha 24-roAuuHa
et:pacr Tofi e au6uqno:en r
Cneg:asptqaHero cvr e Auepnxa unagunr Maxaprup o6eulaeaul enrrer oQnqep. llo roea
ce qyBcrBa orerqeH or Qarra, qe ce HaMilpa Aaneq or BpeMe hABa 3a nbpBh n-br B FnoHilF.
r4cl4HcKara 6nrxa. flo BpeMe Ha ro3u cnoKoeH nepmo4
eAHo uroKupaqo cr6nrue BHe3anHo u3MeHfl nofloxe-
nuero. flpea cenreMBpr4 1912r.- ro4nHara, caeA Karo e
noBrureH e vnH uailop, xoraro e ua 31-roglruHa B'b3pacl
Heroeunr 6aqa Aprup nperupnflBa Macr4BeH uH$aprr u
yMupa Ha Mflcro no BpeMe Ha ceoe o6puqeHile, Koero
npaBu Ha cpeqa B qara YucroHcuH KbM porara, B Koflro
cDDKil npe3 [pax4aucrara aofiF{a. Karro Maxaprup
Ka3Ba no-KbcHo: 'Tagu HorI xr4Borbr Mil ce npoMeHr
HanbnHo il oTToraBa He cnupaM Aa crpaAaM oT noHe-
ceHara aary6a'| a 4ynarare My ca cBugerencrBo 3a orpoM-
HaTa MbKa/ KORTO My npulll4HffBa CMbpTTa Ha HerOBilfl
6ar4a. Or Apym crpaHa lbxHoro cu6nrue rc oKypa-
xaBa Aa ce crpeMil ruu Hafr-eucoKfrfl rl4H B apMilflTa, a r leHepan MaKaprbp e ornnqeH
3a cBonTe nocTrlxeHuf no BpeMe
ilMeHHO rrraBHOKOMaHABaUl Ha aMepUKaHCKara apMilf -
Ha flrpeara cBeroBHa eoftHa. Toi
nocr, xorlro reroennr 6aqa raKa u He Aocrilra nphxilBe. BUHaru CTOn Haqeno h ptrKOBOAl4
B gerlcreurenHocr cKopo ce noFBflBa uaHc, rufi npoAbnxt/TenHo n nauupaau 6utxv.
Opanqucxo Ha nbr 3a fnoHun, flnouuR ni Pyan cKnoqBar
Mr4pHo cnopa3yuesue. Borinara caMa no ce6e cu e npilKno-
vuna. lzl ruaxap qe e MarKo BeporrHo rofi 4a e 6nn ceu4eren
ra 6orinrre Aerlcreun, Ta3u ucrop!4fl Brril3a BbB "Qonxnopa"
Ha aMepuKaHcKure BoeHHn. floRessar ce Eopr4 npeyBenh-
qeHhfl, Karo HanpuMep roBa, qe Maraprrp 3acraBa Haqelro
Ha araKa cpeqy pycKara goftcxa. Cunra ce. qe no BpeMero,
flnoHcKa xaprnxa, rao6pa:neaula
KOfaTO nUUe CBOhre MeMOapU, reHepanbT ce HaMupa B cbc- ^
6rrxa no epeue Ha PycKo-nnoHcKara
Ha roflHile Ha napaHof, t vtcTopvnTa e flpKo cBilAeTercTBo 14
eofiua. Maraprtp ue,rrae ga 6t4e
npilMep 3a roBa. Ctqespemexno rF AeMoHcrpr4pa xaxgara repori s nopo6Ho oxecroqeHo
uy 4a na6nrc4aBa BoeHHu 4eficreun. crbnKHoaeHhe.
Karo 1914 roEilHa 6enexu HaLranoro Ha fl'bpBara cBe- Hne. He:aencilMo or roBa 3apaAh repoilqHrre enfi-
roBHa BoiHa B EBpona. Maraprup pa6orr Karo aANr- 3oAr4 c HeroBo yqacrile Maxaprup go6aan 6rRcux xum
TaHT nO OHOBa BpeMe U BeAHara CneA KaTO e nOBrUeH hMero cr4. TorZ e noeilLueH B qilH 6pr,rrageH reHepan Ha

Ha 35-ro4mLuua B'b3pacr B rrilH norKoBHr4K, Ha cnegBa- 38-rogrLuHa B-b3pacr n nonyqaBa ornvqvfl r npu3HaHre
ulara roAilHa nonyqaBa Ha3HaLreHue e Orgena 3a qeH3ypa 3apaAh BoeHH,4Te ctAycnenA ua eeponeicrrn $pour.
Ha neqara B HoBt4F Orgen aa Bpb3Kr4 c o6r.qecreeHocrra
ruu MuHucrepcrBoro Ha or6parara ra CAIJ-1. Moxe 4a Cnrynuu BpeMeHa
ce Kaxe, ve ror7 ycraupueHcrBa yMeHrnra cn il npilAo- Maxaprup e HarpaAeH c 13 op4eHa il MeAana 3a npo-
6mea maircropcreo e ny6rr.rvHr/re KoMyHl4KaLliln, Koero neeHa xpa6pocr no BpeMe Ha llrpeara csetoeHa eofiHa
no-KbcHo My noMara B KaphepaTa/ il B qacTHocT no BpeMe il BeAHara ce npeBpbula e repo/r Ha aMepilKaHcKara
Ha oKynaqhnTa ua flnoulrR. apvun. Toea, Koero ro oqaKBa npfi HeroBoro 3aBp-bulaHe
llpe: 1 91 7 r., cneA Karo npeqeHnBa rpe3Bo cbcroflHu- Ha poAHa 3eMfl, e nocrbr Ha pbKoBoAilTen Ha BoeHHara
ero ua eofiua, B Koero ce HaMilpa Eepona, Auepura Hai- aKaAeMilfl e Yecr llotrnr yve6noro laee4enne, vnrZro
HaKpan o$raqraanno o6nenea eofiHa Ha lepuauun. CAI! Bb3nilTaHilK e il KOeTo MeXAyBpeMeHHO e OCTapffnO B
rpn6ea 4a BHecar npoMeHtL c KotAro HaLliloHarHara xaH- MHoro orHoueHilfl il cneuHo ce HyxAae or pe$oprvrrrr.
AapMepfifl Ha BceKu eArH uJarAa npeMilHe noA KoHTpona Maxaprtp HapexAa ocbqecrBflBaHero Ha
na Qe4epanHoro npaBilTercrBo, c qefi yKpenBaHe il pa3- ApacrilqHil npoMeHil B crapoMogHara yve6na
urr4pffBaHe Ha apMhrra. Mmnucruptr ua or6paHara no nporpaMa u MoAepHil3r4pa cauoo6yveHnero Ha
oHoBa BpeMe, Hrorou fl. 5apxup,3aflBFBa, ue rpn6ea 4a KaAerilTe, BbBexAa o6yvenrae no il3nofl3BaHe
ce c$opvrmpa AVBtA3v1fl, Koflro ce cbcror4 or nari-go6prare Ha HoBr4 opbxl4n, no4o6pnea nporpaMara 3a
nonKoBe or o6qo 26 r4ara. Toea xapa Maxaprup, npu-
$rarravecra noAroroBKa m r. u. Cnope4 MbnBara
cbcTBaul no BpeMe Ha il3Ka3BaHeTo, Aa Hapeqe HoBoTo e npexBbpneH B HoB rapHr43oH, 3auloTo HFKor4
BoeHHo noApa3AeneH u e " pwevwtara-,qura'l :au{oro ule or no-KoHcepBarilBHo HacrpoeHrre oSraqeprrr
ce v3BtAcvt KaTo Abra HaA qenilF aMepilKaHcKr4 KoHTilHeHT. He ca cbuacHil c peQopvrrrrre, Kor4ro npoBexAa.
Maraprup craBa rnaBHoKoMaHABaul Ha BbnpocHara llpez 1922 r. rofi eneganHo e npeMecreH Ha
AtABt 3tAl vraero o$uqrarHo Ha3BaHhe e"42-pa nexorHa (Dununnnnre, a nper $eepyapil cbqara roAilHa
AtABtA3tAA"t h no ro3r4 HaqilH ilMa AeofiHo noBilueHile B cKnoqBa 6par c |yuc Kporvryen 6pyxc, ronro
qr4H eABa ua 37-ro4nr.uHa Bb3pacr. Tofi e uaroaapeH c ce cMfTa 3a eAHa oT Hail-KpacilBilTe xeHil B cToJrr4llaTa Cear6eHara qepeMoHile
KOHTpOna B'bpxy aMeprKaHCKilTe BOeHHil gAnA 3acraBa
^ Ha
tA BaunsrroH. Cnopeg Apyr cDD( cblqecrByBa npuqnHa 3a Maxapbp u HeroBara nbpBa
Haqeno Ha cpaxeHnflra ere Opauqun. HefoBoro He:a6aeHo vr cKoponocrlrxHo npeMecrBaHe, ctnpyra lyuc Kpotulyen EpyKc.
ManKara Ha MaKaprbp ce
Crc cgorre nuAepcKl,4 KaqecrBa cKopo cr4 cneqeJrBa a ilMeHHo $axrr1 qe cbnpyrara tty llyvrc, Koflro Bc'blt1- nporuBonocraBfl xa 6paxa.
noAKpena cpeg eoriumqure,3auloro BilHaril ce HaMhpa B nocr $nrapryea npeAil roBa c HoBl4fl reHepan Ha apMil-
qeflHilTe peAilqil, He3aBilcr/Mo KaKBo cpaxeHile ce BoAr/. nra lxou !x. FltpLulrHl peuaBa Aa ce oMbxl4 3a Hero, a v llpe3 HoeMBpu I 91 7 f,
Tutl xaro Hocr4 fleKa ynraQoprvra, a He nbrHo 6orlHo cra- ne ra llupunHr.Hvtxoir He 3Hae xaxea e 4eficrBnrefiHocr 6purancxara apM11ff oKynIpa
pflxeHile, o6ilrHoeeHa $ypaxra BMecro KacKa, nyno- e ficTilHaTa, Ho Moxe Aa ce Kaxe, qe npeAr4cnoKallnFTa e yKpenneHrfl Ha repMaHcKara
apvrr. XapaxrepHa :a |lrpaara
Bep, naHTanoH/ a B pbqeTe cil Abpxr4 nilcTorreT il ManbK n-bpBoro Heu.loxr4Bora Ha fl-urnac, Koero cepuo3Ho ro
B cBeroBHa BoiHa e raKa HapeqeHai:
KaMUilK, rofi e paHeH ABa nbrLr no BpeMe Ha cpaxe- o6rprea n o6egnoroRea. "oxonga softga".

"i.t*

; r'.q&4

,..1#;
Meqrara Ha 6au{ara, ocbulecrBeHa or cilHa
Henrguoxnara or6pana
llprs orrouBpLr lg22l MAKApT:bp il HeroBara
cbnpyra lyrc ce ycraHoBflBar Ha HoBoro MecroHa-
3HaqeHre ete $unrnuHcKara cron14qa MaHnna. Karo
KOMaHABaU4 BOeHHOTO noApa3AeneH Ue, 3a H ilMaBa
ce c (DnnrnrHrre, rorl ce aHraxupa aKrLtBHo c noA-
roroBKara na Earaancrnff nonyocrpoB n npeBpbula-
Hero My B HenpilcrbnHa Kpenocr n Hafi-cunHa onopa
e or6paHrrerHilff nraH za Qwnlnuuwre. fnosuR
Hacfl eAFBa KoHTpona erpxy TrxooreaHcKt4n peruoH
or lepmaHun no BpeMe na flrpeara cBeroBHa eofiHa I
nprrrgo6rsafixu Bflacr HaA Ta3il qacr or cBeTa, ce npe-
Bpbqa B noreHqilarHa 3annaxa ra Ornrnunure.
Mex4yepenenHo or6paHnrenHara crpyKrypa or
aMepnKaHcKa crpaHa He ce pa3BuBa 4o6pe 3apaAu
crpareruqecKil pa3Hornacilfl MexAy,QupxaeHun
AenapraMeHT, xofrro qenu HaManflBaHe Ha RnoHcKara
3annaxa c noMoqTa Ha AilnnoMaTnqecKtr MepKu;
aMepuKaHcKl4Te BOeHHU, KOI4TO HFMa Aa Ce OTKaXaT
flecHo or @nnnnvuvte, cuatailxw ril 3a onopa
Ha qenr ulecr Meceqa $poHroeara nvHtAA. lzl rrlarap
ve Maraprup HacroflBa 3a AonbrHilrerHil BoeHHu
cr4nr4, HeroBara uon6a He e yAoBnerBopeHa, 3au.loro
qo npe4iluHara roAuHa, no curara Ha BoeuuorvropcxnR
rqoroBop or BauuHrroH, aMepnKaHcKoro npaBilTen-
crBo cKrloqBa cnopa3yMeHile c fnoHrR Aa npeKparu
pa3uupflBaHero Ha aMepuKaHcKt4 BoeHH[ 6asil e
Asnn, raro B 3aMflHa Ha roBa flnonva qe orpaHuqlt
BOeHHOMOpCKIATe CtA AAm .
4oxaro Maxaprup ce 3aHilMaBa c il3Knoqilrer-
lz1
HmTe rpyAHocTil Ha cTpareft4flTa, to.qocTilra TbxHa
HoBilHa. llo-roneursr my 6par Aprup, KanilraH or
aMepnKaHcKara apunq,yMnpa B pe3ynrar oT aneHAil-
cur. Or ro3r4 MoMeHr HacerHe uafirara Ha Maxaprup
flnHrr ro 3anvBa c qflnara cil no6oe il npnB-bp3a-
HOCI a Bpb3KaTa noMexrqy ilM cTaBa ou{e no-cl4IHa.
flrrrHxr npaeu nraH, c xofiro 4a ctgerZcrea Ha cBoF
eArHcrBeH Beqe crH ta aApecupa nucvro 4o [xoH !x. ^ MaKaprbp no BpeMero, Koraro e
Ha lltpLuuH6 reHepan Ha apM[flTa, xotlro e MilHanoro e noBriueH B qilH rnaBHoKoMaHABaul.

cBoflra crparernn e Arrn; il aMepilKaHcKrn Koxrpec,
xoilro e o6ce6eH or t/AeflTa 3a HaMarflBaHe Ha BoeH-
nnn 6n4xer. OxonqarenHoro peueHile rflacu cneA-
Horo: "Aro ffnoHrn Haxnye ere (DilnhnilHrare, $pon-
ToBara ruHt4fl ua Qunwn tHure rpn6sa Aa il3Abpxt4 B
npogbnxeHile Ha uecr Mecella u Aa il3qaKa cr4ei-
crBre or xoHrrneHral'
llper 20-re r,r 30-re roAtAHtA na XX e. aMepilKaH-
cKara apMilfl paapa6orea cepilfl or BoeHHil crpa-
refw, KonrQ ca pa3qeTeHil 3a pa3nilqHu xnnoTe-
Tr4rrHr4 cqeHapvtvt ua 6ohuut Aehctetfi, r43BecrH[ no4
o6Lrloro HauMeHoBaHile "l-leerHrrr BoeHHil nnaHoee".
Haprvar ce raKa, 3auloro c llBnr e KoAupaHo ilMero Ha
BceKil or noreHllilanHilTe BparoBe Ha CAI{. E4rH or
Harl-r4seecrHilTe cpe4 Te3rl nflaHoBe e "OpaHxearzrnr'i
BKnpqBaq cepilr or BoeHHil crparernt4 e cnyvafi
Ha eofiHa c ffnoHns. Cr4rpxaHnero Ha re3il nna-
HOBe pa3Kpr4Ba, qe e HeBb3MOXHO Aa Ce 3auluraBaT
Qunwnwtvte,:ar4oro $unrrrnuHcKara apMnF He e Aoc-
TalbqHo aAeKBarHa,3a Aa or6paHnea B npoAbnxeHre
6nn ua no4vrrrHeHue Ha noxoinuR ft ctnpyr; cuc cne4-
Horo cb4bpxauue: "florrlorHere Ha MoF cr4H Aa craHe
reHepan-uafiopJ'He e flcHo Aanil nilcMoro r43urpaBa
ponfl, Ho npe3 FHyaprl '1925 r. Maraprbp Aocrilra quH
reuepan-mafiop Ha ul4-ro4uLuHa Bb3pacl c Koero ce
npeBpbu{a e Harl-una4uR o$raqep c ro3r4 r{r4H B r4cro-
pnrra Ha aMepilKaHcKara apMnn. Becrunr "Hro tzlopx
Tarauc" nilue no ro3t4 noBo4 cneAHoro: "Maxaprtp ce
cMffTa 3a Hafi-ranaurnrnua vt 6pvnaureH o$raqep Ha
peAoBHa cnyx6a e apunRra. Toil rpn6ea Aa ocraHe Ha
Bbpxa N e 6r4er4eJ'
Hafi-ulagrrfl T rJraBHoKoMaHABarrI B
rrcTopnflTa
Toea, xoero oqaKBa Maraprup e Auepuxa, ca
^ MafKara Ha MaKaprbp, flrHKr,
MpaqHil BpeMeHa 3a eAilH oQrqep or Kapilepara. rne4a rerosa $ororpa$nr. Tr xpaHul
Bcu.{xo ce cnyqBa Henocpe4crBeHo npeAil Haqaroro HaAexAu refrrult crH pa noxlHe
ycnextr B cBoflTa Kapilepa il u3tlgao ro
Ha 6ypnure ABagecer toEtAHt Ha XX e., xapaKrepHu
noAKpenfl , tl3non3Bafi Ktr cBoure go6pu
c 6rpe uKoHoMr4qecKn pacrex u KoHcyMaropcKo apr:xu a o6qecreoro.

Pasnuqna

NPUCbCTBI' ETO PUflTENKA, 3A tl14ETo cbulEcTByBAHE MAKAPTbP

N
HE XEJIAE HETOBATA MAI4KA AA PA3EEPE
Henocpe4creeHo npenil ornuqaBaHero c qrH reHepan Ha apMuFTa, Maxap- Maxula npe3nflToro aa'1934 r. ilril noHeraKacuttucnntoh.
rbp nMa npilrrenKa e MaHuna, quero ilMe e lzlra6en Pocaprao Kynrp, rvrari- He cneg Abrro noHacfl cuneH orBereH yAap or uerixa crpana. Crqara
Kara Ha KoflTo e Sulunnrxa, a 6aqara -
uornaH4cKl4 6ilsHec[4eH. fiopra cneg roAilHa 3anoqBa crge6no .qeno cpeqy ABaMa xypHant crv 3apa1u crarvfl,
3aBpbqaHeTo cu s Arr,repuxa c Hail-aucox eoexeu uuh, Bpb3Kara MexAy ABa- cb4bpxaqa o6uguu rBbpfleHilfl 3a Hero. E4nn 4ex 3au.U4rHylqilre Ha orBer-
Mara npo4bnxaea. Maxaprup HaeMa anapraMeHr sa l4sa6en B cronilqara My Ka3Bal qe uMar HaMepeHuff Aa ornpaBffT mon6a 4o AaMa Ha nMe
Hl4qr,4Te
Bauuurrox, nog4rpxafixu e rafrHa or cBorra Mafira gsahl4oorHoueHhflra Vlsa6en, KoRTo Aa cBrflerencrBa npil npe4BapilTerHoro pa3cneABaHe uecr
c QnnunuHxara. Tori qecro o6aqe xRua Bb3MoxHocr fla ce cpeqa c l4ga6en Meceqa no-Kbcno. Begtara qoM qyBa rosa, Maxaprrp orrernfl vcKa qt vt
aapa4u unoro6pofrnure cu aHraxuMeHTh, a rfl He Moxe Aa nonacR no4o6en [aBa Ha lzlaa6en orpomxa cyMa napu, Koffro cnope4 MbnBara e 6nvrso l5 000
AocaAeH il cKyqeH xuBor 14 Maxaprtp 3a napu, c Kol4To Aa ce or4ale
l43HyABa Aonapa.,[oxaro nog4upxa Bpb3Ka clAsa6en, rofr He e o6etpaan, r. e. npe4
Ha Hor4eH xueor. Koraro reHepanbr qyBa MbnBara ea Henpucrorixoro fi nose- Hero He ce u3Aurar HflKaKBu npeqKil, xo ce 6ou KaKBo qe HanpaBil HeroBara
AeHue, npeKparnBa Bpb3Kara cu c Hefl, xaro ri spt'lea eAHonocoqeH 6uner go marixa, axo par6epe 3a Bpb3Kara.
o6qecrBo. Crqeepeuenno o6a.re B ro3h nepnoA pa3-
xoAilTe 3a apMvrf ca HaManeHil Ao Mr4Hr4MyM, a B yno-
rpe6a npogrflxaBar Aa ocraBar ocrapenil opbxr4n.
llpea reau BpeMeHa ManL{mHa o6p'ur4ar BHuMaHile Ha
npil3uBilTe Ha Maraprup 3a npeAna3nilBocr no orHo-
ueH!4e Ha naqraSraervra il npegnoxeHrnTa 3a il3rpax-
AaHe Ha cilreH BoeHeH apceHan. OceeH roea e 3acrilt-
Harorcepilo3Hu npo6nemm Bfir4qeH nnaH 3apagil pa3-
BoAa cil c I1ywc. HRua uaqrH 6paxtr MexAy HenoKo-
ne6uwn, ynoprlr pa6oroxonrx Marapmp rt o6u1r'r-
renHara Ilywc ga npopa6orra. ,[earvrara ce pa3Bex4ar
oQraqraanHo npe: 1929 r. Maxaprup 3aMnHaBa caM 3a
MaHrna il noeMa nocra Ha xouangeaq $tAnwnuHcKara
AtABt3vtfl nO BpeMe, KOTaTO 3anrlaxaTa oT HanaAeHile
or crpaHa na flnonrR HapacrBa c BceKil il3MilHar AeH.
llpea nnroro Ha 1930 r. Maxaprtp nonyvaea oQra-
qilanHo noBilueHilero cr4 Ao Bb3MoxHo Hafi-er4co-
KIAA \]IAH B AMCPilKAHCKATA APMilF _ TNABHOKOMAHA-
ear4. Toea e qrH, xorTrro 6ar4a rvry raKa il He nocrilra.
Crqara roAnHa, na 5O-ro4utLuHa Bb3pacL Maxaprup
craea Hafi-rMna ilAflr B vcropvFTa reHepan Ha apMilFTa.
Totl xauu ceoqra ruarZxa B pe3ilAeHllt4flTa il ABaMara
3aeAHo or6enq:ear rtpxecrBeHo nocrilxeHilero.
Pa6orara Ha ro3r4 nocr BbB BpeMeHara Ha l-onRvara
AenpecilF, Konro 3anoqBa ua Yoncrprfir npe3 oKToM-
epw 1929 r., He e HUKaK necHa. Maxaprup HenpeKbc-
Haro ce 6opra sa cbulecrByBaHero Ha apMilffTa noA
HarucKa ua KoHrpeca, rorlro HacroRea 3a HaManflBaHe
Ha BoeHHilre 6o4xeru il cnopa3yMeHilfl 3a pa3opb-
xaBaHe cne4 l-larra or llapux or 1928 r. Cnope4 uero-
erre "Meuoapra" 6op6ara My e HacoqeHa xtv "naqu-
$racrrare il rexHilTe KoMyHr4crr4qecxr gpyrapr" rarro
e KoHrpeca, raKa il B npaBilTercrBoro, a aHTilKoMyHr/c-
Tr4rlecKilTe My HacrpoeHilff ca FcHo oce3aeM!4 B cnyqaF
c noryuaBaHero Ha nporecrilTe Ha raKa HaperleHaTa
"5oHyc apvun') crcraeeua or BerepaHu or llrpeara
cBeroBHa eofiHa, xoyrto HacronBarAa rm 6r4ar ulnna-
TeHil 3aKoHHo nonaraulrrre um ce 6oHyctt, ilnil Aonbn-
HUTenHil B-b3HarpaxAeHilR, il3nnauJaHil B-bB BOeHHO
epeue. l1o BpeMe Ha licnsuara AenpecilF, nper uafi
1932 r., orono l7 000 eerepaum 3aegHo c-bc cBoilre
ceueficrea, KaKTo r rexHil c-bMt/ulreHilL14 ce ct6rpar
Ha MilpeH nporecr B cronilLlara Baurnrron c Hacro-
FBaHe 3a Hesa6aeHo ocpe6pneaHe ilnil r{3nnaulaHe
e 6porZ Ha ceprra$nxarrre 3a BoeHHa cnpx6a. Cneg
KaTO aMep!4KaHCKr4FT npe3hAeHT il3AaBa 3anOBeA Ha
aMepilKaHcKara apML4fl Aa eBaKyilpa raKa HapeqeHara
"5ouyc apurn" or cronuqara BauuHrroH, Maxaprup
HapexAa Ha eorircxara Aa Bne3e B TexHilre narepil,
n:non:earlril cbn3orBopeH ra:. Cnope4 Hero c-b3Aa-
BaHero Ha "6oHyc apurRra" e onilr Ha KoMyHr4crilTe
Aa cBanflT npaBnrercrBoro. flo6e4lrrennT B cneABa-
rqkrre npe3ilAentcxu vt6opu (DpaHxnnn l. Py:eenr ce
oTHacfl Aocra npeAna3nilBo KbM At4KTaropcKilTe Lreprr4
Ha Maxaprup c AyMilre: "TorZ e e cbcrorHne Aa ce npe-
BbpHe B aMepilKaHcKr4ff lOnnfi l-leaapJ' Brnpexn roea
nper 1934 r. Pyaeenr Ha3HaqaBa Maxaprup orHoBo 3a
rnaBHoKoMaHABaulr yAbnxaBafirr uaH4ara My c ou{e
eAHa ro4ilHa. Tosilarr e KoMnpoMl4c MexAy npe3u-
AeHra il nocreAoBarerrre ua Maxaprup. Maraprup,
or cBofl cTpaHa, e rBbpAo peueH Aa ce orrernH or
apMilFTa cneA il3Tr4qaHeTo Ha eAHoroAnuHrF MaHAaT,
rUtt rarO HefOBaTa TOpAOCT He My nO3BOnfBa Aa 3aeMa
I0ttoqoea lntqnoctn
cbPAEqHUAT nPnflTEI
MAHYEN NYUC KE3OH
MaHyen flyuc Ke:on - voeerrl xorZro gaea MOCI a HfKOtl OT TFX BMIO'lBar npeAnoxeHil-
Bb3MoxHocr ua Maraprup 3a BTopn xvrBor ero, ornpaBeHo ruu Maraprup 3a no3ilqlrrra
raro Qengmapuar ua QnnrnrncKara apMufl Ha $enguapuan, ilnil BbpxoBeH rttaBHoKoMaHA-
or
- e ABe roAuHu no-B'b3pacreH Hero. Ha eaq ua QununnucKara apMtlfl, npileMaHero Ha
MnaAnHVa B3eMa yqacTl4e B Cl/lnHa napTu3aH- ilMilrpaHril or ffnoHrR u ycnexil a 6anaucnpa-
cKa ctlnpoTl/Ba, npepacHana gta oilrrnilHcxa HaTa AilnnoMaqtlf no oTHoueH!4e HacbpqaBa-
peBonoqilr, c aogav Euurno Arrnan4o. llpe: HeTO Ha TbproBilflTa il TbproBcKrlre Bpb3Kl4.
1 902 r. napril3aHcKara araKa 3aBbpuBa c nopa- 3apagu Rnoucrara ilHBa3trF o6aqe Aefruocrra
xeHfie il AruHango e apecryBaH. lnasHoro- na Ke:on ce ora:Ba Hanpa3Ha il rori 6nra e CAI{,
MaHABaq aMepilKaHcKaTa apMuF no oHoBa KbAero yMupa no-ocHo npe: 1944 r.
BpeMe e 6aqara Ha flrrnac Maraprup, Apr-bp
Maraprup. Kegos ce Eano:naea c Atmac, cne4
xaro rotTt npncrilra ete (DulnnuHnre, :a ga
noMara Ha cson 6aLqa. Ke:ou, xotTtro ce Bp'bqa
o6parHo e yuusepcilTera,3a Aa npo4uxrrr o6y-
qeHileTo cil cneg nopaxeHfieTo Ha ABilxeHileTo
3a He3aBilcnMocl rcHo oc'b3HaBa, ve "ctto: c
AMephKa e eAuHcrBeHilflT HaqilH 3a nocrilfaHe
Ha He:aeilcul ocr'l
Ke3oH craBa nilAep Ha ABilxeHilero v pa6otn
a Avepura Karo HeroB npe4craenren. flpe:
1935 r., BeAHara cfleA Karo neqeflil nbpBr/re
HaqiloHanHu tttl6opn za npe3ilAeHT aa @nnu-
nilHnre or peAilqure na HaquouarilcrilqecKara
^ MaHyen.tlyrc Ke30H, flpe3il,qeHr Ha
naprun, rofr pa6orrrr erpxy npoeKril, qilflro qer Ounnnnulrre. Mex4y uero r Maxaprtp ce
e cKopotxHo nocrilraHe Ha n'brHa He3aBilcl4- :apaxAa rparfu o npilfl TercrBo.
nOCT, nO-HUlCbK OT TO3l,4 Ha reHepafi Ha apunnra. [1O
cblt1oro BpeMe crapilrr uy 6nu:rx npr4flrer MaHyen
lyrc KeroH ce noFBFBa orHoBo B HeroBr4F xreor. TorZ
npilcTilra erte BauilHrroH no noBoA cpeula 3a pa3pe-
uaBaHe Ha Bbnpocr4 Ha cnrypHocrra npe4ra oSurlr-
aflHoro o6seseaHe Ha He3aBilct4Moct Ha (Drnrnunnre
r ornpaBfl uon6a xrvr Maxaprup "ga npocnegu u
uHcneKrilpa cb34aBaHero Ha $rnrnrHcrara apmnR'l
Toea e orpomna Bb3MoxHocr:a,ftrnac il npe3 AeKeM-
epvt 1934 r. rorZ nrnpaqa nilcMo Ao Ke:os, c Koero
npileMa ornpaBeHoro npe4fi oxeH ile sa (Drnnn u sure.
llpe: or<rovrapn 1934 r. ornbryBa or CaH Opanqracxo ^ MaKaprbp ornaBflBa aMepnKaHcKrr
Onnunuilcxu KoMrrer npe3 I 928 f,
3aeAHo c'bc cBoflTa mailxa 11nnrn,3a Aa 3anoqHe BTopr/ npu noAroroBKaTa 3a yqacTfie B hrpxr
Ati,1crepAaM. AMepilKaHqilTe necenFr
xileor e AgilR.
B
Hari-roneMllF 6pofi me4alu s ceorra
ilcropnr, a MaKaprbp npeAaaa Ha
- BerepaHil 3aeAHo crc ceorre ceveficrea ce cr6upar s cronilqara npe3uAeHTa AoKnaA 3a cBbpueHoTo,
Bauusnos c sacronBaHe 3a KoMneHcaLlilil or crpaHa Ha npaBilTencrBoro. il3nbnHeH c xeane6creL,tn.
"[Ie ce BbpHa"
Bropu )KrrBor 3a BerepaHa or nofinara
Bropil-qr xl4Bor HA MAKAp'r'bp 3anoqBa ,qocra HO aMepilKaHCKOTO npaBrTenCTBO pa3rnexAa Cilrya-
T'bxHo. Meceq il nofioBilHa cneA npilcrr4raHero B llllfra Karo 6eaHa4ex4Ha vt v31aBa 3anoBe4 3a npe-
Manuna npe: 'l 935 r., HeroBara uafira ymnpa cneg AncnoKat-\vt+ Ha Maxaprup e Aecrpanmn. l1o epeme Ha
3To lt1nrerr H oro nbryBa H e Ha 83- ro4u Lu ua Bb3pacr.
14 6rrxara za Auntttnwunre Maraprrp nilue il3n-brrHeHu
lz1 4oraro Maraprup e B uoK or cnyqilnoro ce, c npeyBeflilqeHnfl AoKnaAtA:a co6creeHilre cv yctA-
noAKpena My oKa3Ba 38-ro4uuHara lxefiH Mapu nn+ aApecilpa Ao cpeAcrBara 3a MacoBa ran$op-
rtt rnt

Oeupxnor, c KoflTo ce 3ano3HaBa Ha 6opga Ha Maqilfl B Arvrepraxa. B pe:ynrar or roBa o6qecreeurre

xopa6a Ha nbr 3a MaHuna. leavara cxnouear 6pax
no-KbcHo u vMar cilH, Kororo Hapilqar Aprup.
Cutprra Ha HeroBara narZxa rapa Maxaprrp ga
Bnoxil qnnara cil eHeprilfl B cb3AaBaHero ua Qvnnnvu-
cKa apMilR caMo 3a 10 rograura. TorTr 3anorrBa pa pa6o:rltt,
r3nbrHeH c peuuMocT il nonyqaBa neTTe reHepan-
cKu 3Be3An Ha Mapuan. lzl uaxap qe MHo3ilHa ce onyrr-
BaT Aa ro il3KapaT tnynaKV to Hapil'taT c npo3ByrqeTo
"Hanoneon e flysou'i roBopr4 ce, ve Maxaprup xapecBa
cBoff npflKop. TorZ cnnra, qe Hail-eaxHara qepra Ha
HacrpoeHilfl :a Maraprup xaro repofi 6r'peo uapac-
raar. Toil ycnlBa Aa ce npoM-bKHe npe3 flnoHcKara
6noxa4a 3aeAHo c'bc cBoero cel/erZcreo il HeKonllilHa
nocnegoBarenw n 6ara e Aecrpanmn. llrpeoro ueqo,
KOeTO npaBil CneA npilcTilraHeTo cvl e Aa npofi3Hece
cBoflTa 3HaMeHilTa peq, B KoffTo Ka3Ba cneAHilTe AyMr4:
"lzl:nn:ox or SaraaH u qe ce erpna!'l MexgyepervreHno
$nnnn u ncrnre n aMepilKaHc xw eoiAcxw oQra qrrianHo
ce npeAaBar B cpeAara Ha anpnn. fnoHcxara apumn
ce oTHacfl TBbpAe 3fie c BoeHHonneHHilLlilTe ut uz6taea

eAr4H nnAep e Aa npilrexaBa aBTopr/rer. MHo3ilHa or rRx. Toaa yxacnBaqo BoeHHo npecrbnfle-
,[ecerro4rLuHr4flr nraH Ha Maxaprup ce npo- Hile Hocn uvero "floxogrr Ha cMbprra e 6araaH'l
MeHF B pe3ynrar or Heo'.{aKBaHo cu6mrne. Pauo ^ AMepffKaHcKfl 6ohan xopa6u,
o6xeanaru or nraMbLlil, creA
cyrpr4Hra ra 7 4ereuepv 1941 r. nnoucxara $nora
ocbulecTBFBa rr3HeHaABaulo HanaAeHile HaA aMe-
Or,ruqsara crparerr{q Ha eAHa araKara Ha F,nouvs.NaT
AeKeMBpil 1941 r flnoHqilre
prKaHcKara BoeHHoMopcKa 6ara flrpn Xap6r'p na npe3rrpaHa Jrr{r{HocT npoBexAaT MacilpaHa aTaKa cpeuly
Xaeailre. Toea cr6ilryie 6enexm Haqanoro Ha eofi- BoeHHoMopcKara 6a3a Ha CAI!
Cne4 npegucnoqilpaHero cr4 e Aecrpanun MaKapr-bp
e ll-upn Xap6tp, sa Xagafrcxhre
Hara e TnxooreaHcKLIF periloH. c'b3gaBa par6mear4a crparefnfl 3a HaHacflHe Ha orBe- ocrpoeu. Trxooxeaxcrrrr $nor ra
Crqara rogilHa Maxaprup e npil3oBaH noA 3Ha- reH yAap. Tn ce Hapuva "croroeere ua xa6ara'f xoero CAI! nperupnnsa xaracrpoQa.
MeHaTa Ha aMepilKaHcKaTa apMilfl KaTo KoMaHABaUI
o3HaqaBa noAMilHaBaHe Ha yKpeneHilTe flnoHcKr/
BbopbxeHilTe ctAnu B laneuHun rgrox. Totl peulaBa no3v\tAtl r/ KoHL{eHTpr4paHe Ha pecypcr/Te Ha c-bto3H71-
Aa HanycHe Mauuna il Aa ce npeMecril B ocHoB- LlilTe, Kor4To r/ 6e: roea ca orpaHilqeHil, KbM npeKbc-
Hara 6asa Ha onepaLlililTe xrtu Saraaucxr/F nonyoc-
BaHe Ha KaHafi[Te Ha AOCTaBKT,T 3a flnOHCKaTa apMilF.
rpoB, KaKro e onpegeneHo e "OpaHxeehn" eoeHeH
CrparernRra ce oKa3Ba ycneuHa, Ho 3a nopeAeH nbr
nlan. (DunrnuHcKilTe il aMepilKaHcKnre cvnv oKa3- Maxaprup o6seRea 3a cBor4 nocl4xeHilflTa, Kot4To Ha
- TeHepanbr Ha apMilflTa,
BaT CilnHa CrrnpoTl4Ba, il3BecTHa noE rMeTo "Snrxara npaKrilKa ca ocbr4ecrBeHil or Apyro BoeHHo noEpa3- Maxaprtp, npoBexAa ilHcneKqilfl
za @vtnunvtnnre') xonro npogbnxaBa qernpn Meceqa, na Qnlrnrtcxute aokcKt4, foit
AeneHile. loeopr ce, ve soilurqilTe, Ha Kouro He ca AOp/ Ce Orrernff oT peAffLlilTe
- Maraprtp cxnnqBa BropilF cu 6pax c,lxefir np"': 1937 t.14 npilnucaHil HVKaKBVI3acnyfn, il3naAaT B rHFB il pa3py- Ha aMepilKaHCKa apMilfl , 3a
rnaKap ce MexAy ABaMaTa ilMa orpoMHa nponacl cbBMecTHilgT ilM Aa nocBeril BHr,lMaH/ero cfi
uaBaT Kil HOCanOHilTe, KOTaTO rneAaT Kil HOXpOH ilKaTa/
rtfi
xfiBor e Li]acrflilB, xaro,[t,rnac ce onilpa Ha noEKpenara Ha ua $ununrucxrre eoeHnu
csonra eceorgafi Ha cbnpyra. noKa3Bau.la ycnexilre ua Maxaprup. noapa3ItereH4f.
 'q.tr\ Ilnryaaue BbB B_peuero
tzT H ilrE
Ha r:ror or Hoea feranen (nolyocrpoa rpatlua cMerKa re 6rrgar ocraeeHtl
cKr4, Karo e

flanya) npe: r,nv 1942 r. Maraprtp nogeua Aa 3arnHar or rnaA r xaxAal'

araKa cpeu.{y ocHoBHilre rnoHcKrl 6peroeu C nouoqra Ha ra3n crparerrn Maxaprlp
yKpenneHilfl Ha Ceeepou:rouHun 6pnr, uape- noeexga eofrcrara cil or ocrpoBLlre Hoea 6pn-
venrz "6yua'l leilcrennra npoAbnxaBar uecr raHilf Kl,M ceBepHara qacr Ha Hoga feuaea n

Meceqa, a Ha cneABaulara roAilHa, Ha 1 RHy- Ha 3ana[ no Mope, npugarlxaafrxr ce nocre-

apu 1943 r., flnoHcKara apMur B 6yHa npe- neHHo, clbnKa no crbnKa. llpes orromepu
T'bpnffBa nopaxeHue/ cneA Koero 3anoqBa r. rci' ycnrBa Aa AocrurHe go Jlafrr or
194.<
nocTeneHHo oTBooBaHe Ha KbcqeTa oT Tepil- Moporafi, u:6pau:a nocreAeH noflcrbn KbM
Topl/rra sa Ornnnusnte. CrpareruRta u rar- (Dunununure.
rilKara Ha Maraprtp ca
HailcrilHa xecro<r't: "ils6gr- Mapr 1942 n flpeArcfloKaqhfl ra Maxaprtp or Onnvnn+Vle
BaHe Ha AilpeKTHO Hana- xlrvr Aacrpanltn.

AeHUe Ha HfKotl flnoH- rHyap[ 1943 r B t'l3ToqHa Hoea feuHen e saenaAfHa 6yHa.

cKil Kpenocrrl, rttZ xaro oKroMBpu 1943 r. AMepnKaHcKara apMhe araKyBa Pa6ayn no s'u:4yx,
noDaxeHffe Ha flnoHcxala eoficxa.
roBa qe AoBeAe Ao ofpo-
MHil XepTBl4; OTpfl3BaHe
anpun 1 944 r. KauaHe s XonasAilF - ceBepHara qact na Hoea [eusen
Haqano Ha 3aBnangeaHero Ha OnnnnnHnte.
Ha B'b3AyulHilTe KaHanil 3a
cenreMBpu 1 944 r. OKvnaunt Ha Moporafi Karo noAcrbn xtvt Ornrnrnrre
Ycneuua araxa sa fleire.
Maraprrp onpeAenn pe3ynrarilTe or 6urxara apMuf; nneHffBaHe il il3o-
oKroMBpn 1 944 r.
Onnnnnsrle.
,[exnaparlnn 3a BpbqaHero Ha
npra Eyna-loHa Karo "Ht4r{oxeH 3HaK 3a onilr Aa ce rilpaHe Ha RnoHcrilte eoil-
il3rpaAil cilnHa cbnporilBa cpeqy HanpeABaHero Ha
crro:Hraqure'l Ho e geitcrsurenHocr t434aBa 3ano-
BeA Ha KoMaHABaulr4ff vrcrvtHcKoro cpaxeHile Muulen Bar rHeBa Ha Maxaprtp, xofiro ra6yxea no BpeMe Ha
3ace4aHile e Xaeaure, il:ruxeafixu AoBoAa, ve ":aqu-
6epxe 4a "Hanpaen BcLrqKo ueo6xo4mmo, 3a Aa orBo-
Tara Ha Qvnwnuucxwn HapoA or nocerarencrBara Ha
roea 6yna, tAnv Aa He ce Bpbula xr4e'l Tetil ABe nilLla
f noHcKvrff nporrBHt4K e HaLu gur'l B rpatZHa cMerKa
ua Maraprtp Kapar MHo3fiHa or HeroBilre no44ptx- ycnflBa Aa il3ne3e no6e4uren B cnopa il onepaqnflra
HIAAU tA npilflTenil nocreneHHo Aa ce orAp-bnHar or My 3a v+Ba3rAfl uaQwnunvuttre,3a Koero npeAn roBa
uero. leHepanbr Ha apMflflra rrr 6uAer4 npe3r4eHr Aaea o6eulaHile B cBonra 3HaMeHilra peq c AyMilre
,{yarirr ArZeenxayep e eAilH or rRx. Or Apyra crpaHa, "lle ce erpna'i e o4o6pena.
flnoHllr/re ce noA'4rpaBar ua Maxaprtp, no e xpatZua O6egrHeuure BoeHHoMopcKt4 rl BoeHHoBb3AylilHl4
cMerKa rorTr rrpcm B-b3Me3Aile 3a Ka3aHoro. ctAnv Ha flnoHnn n3flarar Ha pilcK BcttttKo s 6ilrxara
MexgyspeveHHo nnaHoBere Ha c'bBMecrHoro npr,r flerZre,3a Aa olleneFr cpeqy $nora na Maxaprup,
uraBHoKoMaHABaHe 3a HaqilHa, no rotlro Aa ce ocb- rofiro HaenrEa etg (DunilnuHrre. flnoucKara apM?ln
ulecTBr4 HanpeABaHeTo Ha apMnflTa, ce pa3nuqaBaT or o6ave ry6vr uaHca 3a no6ega il nperbpnnBa nbnHo
re3il Ha Maxaprup. Cnopeg rnx Tperu aMepnKaHcKt4 nopaxeHile. 5rrxara peanil3npa KrerBara, KoflTo
Snor no4 KoMaHABaHero Ha aAMtrpan Huunq rpn6ea Maraprup floflara,3a 3aBp'bu1aHe Ha (DilnilnilHilre. Ha
Aa ce cnee crc Ce4mu $nor nog pbKoBogcrBoro Ha 20 orcrorvapra 1944 r. rcit clbnBa na 6pera Ha ocrpoB
Maxaprup il Aa ocbulecrB?r araKa cper4y Tatrean, 6es Iel)rre il san eR ea : " BupHax ce !' l4zr'maant caABe roArl H t4 ^ Maxaprtp crunea ua 6pera na
v nonoB[Ha, orKaKTo e nz6aran ot @vtnwnvnvte. ocrpoB KoperfiAop.
Aa oKynnpa Qvtnnnvnute. Te:il nnaHoee npeAil3Bt4K-
Ha 20 oKroMBpil 1 944 r. MaKaprbp crbnBa Ha cyua Ha ocrpoB flailr
3a nbpBt4 nt'r cneA 6nn:o gseroAill.llHo orcbcrBne.
llponnflHara or nporm BHIAKoB reHepan B pbKoBorqilrer
Bcrrnnane B AJrblnHocrra Ha
BbpxoBeH ilraBHoKOMaHABarrI Ha
Cr rosHI,Iq e cKlrre CI{J'II{
UIEA OCBOBOXIEHIIETO Ha Bropara poAilHa
Qvnvnusute, cne4Baula qen Ha Maraprtp ove-
BUAHo e flnounR. 3a ga ce c4o6re cbc craBara
Ha KoMaHABaq, xorZro 6tpso nocraen xpafi ua
Bropara cBeroBHa eorlHa, Maxaplsp l4cKa Aa craHe
HaqanHilK Ha lenepanHun r4a6. llpe4ra o6ave ga e e
cbcroflHile fla ocbu{ecrBt4 cBoero xeraHne, rpn6ea
Aa npeoAonee cepilo3Ho npenflrcTBile B rilr_lero
Ha npe3ilAeHra ua CreguHeHilre r4aru Py:eenr.
Tofi e nporuB roBa Maxaprtp Aa 3aeMe nocra
KOMaHABaUI 3aparqil qeprilre Ha AilKrarop B Hero-
BHfl xapaKTep.
flpe: anpran 1945 r., Koraro nopaxeHilero Ha
flnouuR e c'bBceM RcHo, Pyaeenr yMwpa, a npe3il-
AeHrcKr4F nocr noeMa TpymaH, xorlro e c aHrilKoMy-
Ht4crilqecKil y6ex4eHnn. 3a qacrne Ha Maxaprrp
$norara noA KoMaHABaHero Ha a4Milpan Hrarvrrrl,
KOMaHABaqiln FAporo Ha BoeHHoMopcKAre cvnu
Ha CAI!, nperbpnflBa cepuo3Hr4 uleril B 6urxara
npr OxrHaea il nonaga noA npilqena Ha rpocrHa
KptATrAKa. 3a pa:nuxa or Hefl, Maxaprup ce xBanil
c nocl/xeHilflTa cu B cpaxeHilflTa xpafi ocrpoenre
Caura Kpys il ugnonteailxt4 cpegcrBara 3a MacoBa
ran$oprrlarlran, Buxga KaK nonyrrflpHocrra My
HapacrBa. TluesHo B To3Ll MoMeHr rofi e Ha3HaqeH
or TpymaH Ha nocra BbpxoBeH rnaBHoKoMaHABat4
Ha C-urogu u qe cRtATe ctAnu.
Oceodo4rareJrflT Ha .f uouraq
Ha 30 aerycr 1945 r., nonoBnH Mecell cneA Karo
fnosuR npileMa ycnoBa+ra Ha .{exnapaqrrrnra
or l1orc4au, BbpxoBHr/,lnr rfiaBHoKoMaHABaul Ha
Ctp:nuqecrnre cilnr4 Maraprup npilcrura BbB
BoeHHoMopcKara il BoeHHoB-b3AyuHa 6asa B
Em6nnorent rra crroM ennr e
''YBAXAEMU TEHEPAN HA APMUATA MAKAPTbP"
l1o epervre Ha cBoflra cpeqa c ilMneparop Xupoxuro,
Maxaprrp AeMoHcrpupa npeg cBera, qe Hocil nuqHa
orroBopHocr 3a oKynaquflra na flnouuR. Creg roea, go
cBoero orrernflHe or ro3m nocl roil nonyvaea 6luso
540 000 nucMa or flnoHcKufl napo4. Cu4upxaHuero
Ha re3h nucMa e paruoo6pa:to: noxBaflfi u 6narogap-
Hocr 3a oKynaqiloHHara nonrl.ttAKa, uon6u aa ct6u-
paHe orHoBo c qneHoBe Ha ce^neftcraoro, ypexAaHe
Ha B'bnpoca cbc 3aroqeHilre nuqa e Cra6rap, npo6neuu,
cBbp3aHil c xnnuqa, KaKTo 14 ruor6il sa npogax6a ta
3eMeAencKil uHcrpyMeHTyl. B e4uo or nilcMara Aopyl
A4y r vt, n pe$exrypa Ka Ha ra aa, ny weilxu n n6uuara
cL nyna. Koraro cnn3a or caMoflera, npeg oqilre
My ce noflBffBa cuafieaqa rneAKa - onoxapeHara
cronilLla Toxuo. Ha 2 cenreMepra rorl B3eMa yqac-
Tile B qepeMoHr4flTa no KantArynaqtAflra ua flnonun,
KoFTo ce c'bcror4 Ha aMepilKaHcrun eoeHeu ropa6
"Mucypw", xorZro e xB'bprriln KorBa B-bB BoANTe Ha
Ioxwircnnn sanue. Cxopo cfle4 ToBa rofi cu:4aea
l-eHepanHun r4a6 u uarap qe e Beqe na 65-rogru:ua
Bb3pacl/ eHeprilqHo ce 3axBaula c pa6ora no oKy-
na LliloH HaTa nonvr tAKa.
leere Harl-eaxHil MepKil, Konro rpn6ea 4a
npnnoxkl cnopeA ilHcTpyKrl14l4Te, nonyqeHyr or
Cuoanrqure, ca "pa3opbxaeaHe" il "AeMoKparu-
:aqun". Toi sanoqea nbpBo c pa3opbxaBaHero,
3auloro Bbrpe B crpaHara u v3B'bH npegenure fi
Bce oqe ilMa MHoro flnoHcKr4 eoilnu1trt, Aopfl cneg
o$rarlnanrlara Kanvrynaqvn na 6opga na ropa6a
"Mucypr'l Maraprup 3Hae, qe ocHoBeH eneMeHT
B XyrBOTa Ha flnOHCKl4fl HapOA e yBaxeHileTo K-bM
il Mneparopa Karo K-bM 6oxecreena H eo6xo4lt ruocr
u aro rorZ ril noBege B onpeAeneHa nocoKa, re u.le
ro nocneABaT noKopHo 14 cMt/peHo AopLl Tff Aa e
o6parna Ha nocoKara, no KoflTo o6ilxHoeeHo ru ^ MaKaprbp Kaqa Ha flerrqe Aqyru.
.[pr:xoro uy cueno noBeAeHre npn
eogm. OuaxeaHilffra ua Maxaprup ce onpaB4a- BnL{3aHeTO Ha TepUTOpil9Ta Ha npO-
ear. HnMa flnoHcKr4 eouH, rorZto Aa ce on-bnqil ?l TtrBHhKa C HeKOnqrlHa nOCneAOBaTenU
xapa 6pnraxcxnr muHrcrbp-npeAce-
npoTl4BOnOCTaBil Ha 3anOBeAUTe Ha ilMnepaTopa,
Aaren q-bpqun Aa Bb3KnuKHe, qe roBa
eTo 3aulo pa3op'bxaBaHeTo Ha fnoHcKaTa apMilfl e xai-eenIronenHoro orHoueHlte Ha
3aB'bpuBa caMo Mecell il noJloBr,lHa cneA il3AaBa- BoeHeH KoMaHAilp no BpeMe Ha BofiHa.
Hero Ha cborBeTHoTo uMneparopcKo HapexAaHe,
6er 4a ce nponee Hrro KanKa KpbB.
Or 4pyra crpaHa, AeMoKparil3aqrnra He ce
oKa3Ba TOflKOBa fleCHO HaqilHaHile, KoflKoTO pa3-
opbxaBaHero, 3auloro flnoHyrR e "crpaHara Ha
e HanucaHo cnegHoro: "6ux vcxan nuqHo Aa nopuqan
ilMneparopa, Moflfl, pa3peuere Mr Aocrbn Ao uMnepa-
ropcKuff 4sopeqJ'fnoHqnre cMnral ve Maxaprtp e e
cbcToFHue Aa ocbqecTBn BcuLtKu TexHyl xenaHuF.
fltpeonavalno Aopu flnoHcKara KoMyHLtcrylqecKa
naprun o6ReaBa aMepilKaHcKl4n reHepan :a oceo6ogn-
ren. Koraro npe3m4eHTbr Tpyrvrax o6ave oceo6ox4aea
Maxaprtp or 3aeMaHara AnbxHocl Koero floBexAa Ao
6ypua noreuuKa, RnoHqure paa6rapal qe Bce naK ilMa
Apyro nnqe, KoeTo e B cbcToflHr4e Aa AaBa HapexAaHufl
ua Maraprtp.
6oroeere'l a
qeHTpanHara noflk1T14r-recKa Bnacr
ce HaMilpa B prrqeTe Ha ilMneparop Xrpoxrro.
Maxaprrp Kapa ilMneparopa Aa 3afleil, qe He npil- Pagnt-n-rrua
Texa Ba 6oxecreeHa cvna, a e o6r xHo geHo L{oBeuKo
cbu.lecTBo, Hoceqo orroBopHocT 3a BoeHHilTe
nPil3PAqHOTO PA34E'lEHtAE U
gerZ creun. f oitr ut6vpa n poaMe p il Ka H c Kil HacrpoeH

nonvrtAK, cnoAenflul AeMoKparilqHil Bb3rneAu/ BbflPOCbT C KOHTPOTIA BbPXY RNOHUf

LJJrrepy Wowwpa, ga ceorl naprHbop, h BMecro Aa Oxynaqunra Ha fnoHuR, HanoxeHa or flpnvnHara, nopaAil KoflTo ro3il nnaH raKa
Hanara HaKa3aTeIHa oKynaqhoHHa nollilTfiKa, B Croeguqecrure cvnv, ce ocbr4ecrBFBa noA r/ He ce peanv3tApa, e $arrt1 ve Tpymau

Kotro ce Tbpcr4 Bb3Me3AHe, KaKTo oqaKBar ocraHa- pbKoBo[crBoro Ha Cre4uHeHnre u{arrl, Ho o4o6pnea c'bBercKoro yqacrile ere eofiHara

nilTe AbpxaBr c-bro3H14r-14, roti noeexga flnoHcKoro nbpBoHaqanHo ilMa npeAfloxeHile 3a pa3- cpeqy flnoHun, Ho He ilcKa Aa no3BonrBa Ha

AeneHile Ha KoHTpona B"bpxy crpaHara no CreercrilR c-bto3 Aa ce HaMecBa BbB Bbnpo-

o6qecrao K-bM AeMoKparv3aqtAn. lzl varap ve Ha
noAo6ne Ha HanpaBeHoro s lepvraurn. Cno- crTe, 3acFrauln qelocTTa Ha ocTpoBa.
flnoHcKr/F HapoA HenpeKbcHaTo Aocera ce e HarflK-
peA roBa npeAnoxeHile or ilMero Ha Ctg- Ha 5 aerycr 1945 t. - geun, e rotZro flno-
Bano/ Lle aMephKaHqilTe il aHrnilqaHilTe ca xecroKt/
MecTHaTa BOeHHOBpeMeHHa KOMIACVa Vl Hilfl noAnncBa 6e:ycnoeHara cv Kanvry-
xr4BoTH14, KOTaTO flnOHLlilTe BilXAaT CrrC CO6Cree-
c'bBMecTHoTo rnaBHo KoMaHABaHe, pa3Aene- naqtAt - TpyuaH Ha:navaea Maxaprtp ea
HilTe cil o\tAycvnvqra Ha Maxaprup B nocoKa yHil- rnero rpn6ea ga 6tge cneAHoro: BbpxoBeH maBHoKoMaHABaq na Cto:Htt-
qoxaBaHe il npeMaxBaHe Ha MilnilTapv3Ma v ABIA- Xoxaddo u Toxoxy npuuadnexam na qecKilTe crnn. Manxo npegu roea Cteer-
xeH4e HanpeA n Harope c AeMoKparil3aLlilFTa Ha Ctaemcxun ctnz; cKl4gT cbto3 v3nv3a c npeAfloxeHile, B Koero

flnonva, Te nocreneHHo 3anoqBar Aa npileMar cbp- Kaumo, Kowuueuy, XoKypuKo, Toxau u HacrorBa Aa noflyqu KypilncKilTe ocrpoBh,
AeqHo cilHeoKilF reHepan. Kuuxu na C'aeduHeHume aMepuKaHcKu ulamu; nonyocrpoB CaxannH t,t nonoBilHara or
Uuxoxy ua Kumaicxama peny6nuxa; Xoxarigo. AmepilKa ynopnro orKa3Ba Aa yno-

Crpeuexure Kr,M rrp$rrAeHTcKr.rfl rrocr 9yzoxy u Kawy ua Benuxo6pumanua; BnerBopl4 Te3n rcKaHL4fl. Ero rax etnpoctr
Toxuo uuuaaa nod xoumpona Ha qemu- c pa3AeneHhero Ha KoHrpona etpxy flno-
Orynaquonuara noflilrilKa Ha Maxaprrp ce npil- pume cbn3HuKa; Hilg npaKTilqecK/ npilKnlo'lBa. B pe:ynrar or
eMa nonoxvrrenHo il Ha aMepnKaHcKr4fl KoHTilHeHl Ocaxa ocmoea e pbt4eme Ha Cxeduneuume roaa flnoHilR ils6Rrea rpareAilf or paHra Ha

a nonynnpHocrra My HapacrBa. He e r:HeHa4a, u.4amu u Kumail. nocrpofl BaHero ua 6epnrHcxara creHa.

qe HapacTBaqara nonynflpHocr npeAN3BtAKBa y :r:i:t.l,i t.it..;t:,i.!.r..,t{:r,:)ra:ii.ri:l; iit)iir'r:l.rr. i .-._fr:i.u |ir:,lrirt

Hero cTpeMexil K'bM 3aeMaHe Ha npe3ilAeHTcKilR

noct. 14 MaKap qe npet 1947 r. HeroBilre noA4pbx-
H14r.|4 roir npe-
CTapTyrpar npe4rrrs6opHa KaMnaHilF,
o6croRrencrea o6aqe, xopara He My oKa3Bar
nogKpena r rori ce il3npaBff cpeuly arpecuBH14
cbnepHilr_1r4, Kor4To aTaKyBaT HeroBaTa B'b3pacT
l:: ::t#: :: ffi;'ff ::ni,**"
*'l+
TbpnFBa Aocra yHil3r4renHo nopaxeHile B npeA- =
I
la4no, l(owu|eqy,
llon KoHTpona Ha
XoKWuKo, Iorcu u IfuHKU

a'pvralh{: qy2ory u Kht

Saxra, qe qe npexBupnr,r 70-re no BpeMe
Ben I K

BapnrerHnre vtt6opw 3a KaHAuAar 3a npe3ilAeHT
or pe4ilqilre na Peny6nraraHcKara napr!4n B ulara
Yncxoucns npea 1948 r. llartr e AoHnK'bAe HeroB
rs6upareneH pafron, 3au.loro AFAo My il3nbnHnBa
B MilHaroro AntxHocrra nerZrenanr-ry6epnarop,
finfi 3aMecrHrx-ry6epnarop, a ner AHil e Aopr4
ry6epuarop, a 6ar4a My npeKapBa ocrar-bKa or
xr/Bora cu e YucxoHcrH, creg Karo HanycKa pegil-
Llilre Ha apMhflra. ,{opr,r npra reau 6naronpunrHr
ra Ha
cBoff npe3ilAeHrcKvr MaHAa1, aro 6u4e rrr:6pan.
llpegeaprarenHMre n36opr4 B u.lara He6pacra
ce oKa3Bar oule no-ronflM npoBan u e xpatlna
cMerKa Ha HaqiloHanHr,rr KoHrpec, npoBeAeH
npe3 toHvr, rorl nonyvaea egea 1 % or o6qilF Bor.
llpeguaemrarercrBoro Aa ce npeB-bpHe B
nonvrtA< 3aBtpuBa gocra 6e:cnaBHo il o6e3-
^ AKo ce 6rxa Hanoxuflil npaBilnara 3a
c'bpqeHyrrr Maxaprup npaBil onmr Aa ce KoH- pa3AeneHile MexAy qeTIpil AbpxaBh,
qeHrpilpa B'bpxy AeMoKpaTil3aLlilRTa il ilKoHo- fnoHn9 cneA eofiHara r4eue ga v3rnexAa
no pa3flilqeH HaquH.
MilqecKoro B'b3craHoBflBaHe Ha ffnoHuF. EAr4H
geu o6ave ce cnyqBa ilHqilAeH1, KofiTo Bp-bqa - ArrraqnonHa ra6ena c ua4nnc
orHoBo Ha cqeHara eouua Maraprup. Toea e "MaKaprbp 3a npe:rgenr'l

r36yxBa Hero Ha Koper/rcKara BorZ Ha.

I lexepanrr na apM[FTa MaKaprbp noAnilcBa

AOKyMeHTt4 nO BpeMe Ha qepeMoHilrra 3a &{as&ffiTHUl
o$uqranuo o6nsnBaHe Ha KanrrynaLlrF. ESI:TEt\lT
Heroeara pec n orHou.teHile AaBar HaAexAa Ha
npeAcraBilTenilTe Ha fl noHcKara crpaua: "14cxpero
ce HaAffBaM, n q9floTo qoBeqecTBo BflpBa B
ToBa, qe cneA AHeuHoro TbpxecrBeno ct'6nrne
oT Kp-bBTa h KacanHnqaTa Ha MilHanoTo qe ce
poAil eAilH no-go6t,p csrl il3qlno flocBereH Ha
qoBeuKoro Aocroriscrso u ocbulecrBff BaHero
Ha xafr-ctxposexoro My xenaHne 3a ceo6oga,
TonepaHTHocr t/ cnpaee4nnaocrJ'
Kopehcxata sofrHa n nerZHoro BnnAHme
Bbpxy crg6ara My
[ocnegnara noftua
B xpnyr IIA BTOeATA cBETOBHA eofrHA, no BpeMe
Ha llorc4aucxara roH$epeH qttfr, ce B3eMa peueHile
3a pa3AenflHero Ha KopeficKilfl nofiyocrpoB no npo-
A'brxeHuero ua 38-un napanen, raro CteercxuRr
cblo3 noayqaBa KoHTpona HaA ceBepHara qacl a
Auepmra - HaA xHara. llpes 1948 r. ce paxgar
KHIP (KoperacKara HapoAHogeMoKparilqHa peny-
6nnxa), Koflro crot4 Ha crpaHara Ha Cueercxun cro:,
r KoperZcxara peny6nuxa, rnn lOxna Kopen - nog
KoHrpona ua CAI!.,{eere Hoeu AtpxaBil noArorBnr
cqeHara, Ha KoFTo qe ce pa3ilrpaBa u3non3BaHero
Ha opbxt4n 14 BoeHHil cperqcTBa KbM Bb3MoxHoTo
o6eguneHue Ha ABere pa3geneHil AbpxaBu u ce
npeBp'bqa are SpoHra, ua xofiro l4aroxrr r 3ana4rr
eognr Crygenara eolZHa noMex4y cl4.
Ha 25 tosn 1950 r. ceBepHoKopeficrara apmun
BHe3anHO HaXJryBa B pxHaTa qacT Ha nonyocTpoBa il
ocbr.qecrBff Ba yAap, npeKocaeahxu 38-rn napanen,
:aqeRsafiril qe lOrrr npbB e Hapyuliln rpaHilqara.
Ha cpeqa Ha Cbeera 3a cilrypHocr Ha OOH,6oilxo-
rnpaH or crpaHa Ha Cbeercxr4s c'bto3, nporecrilpau.l
cpeuly roBa TarleaH Aa nMa nocronHeH npegcraBil-
ren B cbBera, O6egraHeHrre Haqilil e4ilHogyluHo
:axrerZuRear arpecurra e CeeepHa Kopen r,r 4aear
pa3peueHne za tto6unuzaqilfl Ha aMep[KaHcKr{re
cvnv no4 KoMaHABaHero Ha reHepan Maraprup.
Maraprup pa3rnex4a Kopeficxara eofiHa xaro cee-
qeHa 6urra u ce noArorBn Aa il3non3Ba BcilLtKl4
HantaqHu cperqcrBa, 3a Aa 3au.1/rLt nu6epann:ua Ha
Kopeficxnn nonyocrpoB or nocerarencrBoro Ha KoMy-
Hr:ua. loeopu ce, qe HflKolKo qaca cfle4 Haqaroro Ha
xoH$nuxra Maraprup ta3rnex4a no,qMflageH c Aecer
rogrHr.Toea e MoMeHTbl e xolZro:a noperqeH n'br Lqe
6uge yeenvaH cbc craBara Ha BeflilK Bor4H.
flpear4eHrrr o6ave npaera n3nBneHile, c
TpyrvraH
Koero Hapex4a Ha Maxaprbp Ea noAKpenn eAnH-
KopelicKara eolisa 6il npoAbnxilfla Ablrtt nepnoA
orBpeMe cneA Haen[:aHero e Cesepxa Koper ua
cnnn xa OOH I ycacT[e Ha xutaitcxn eoitcxv.
crBeHo rcxHoxopeicKr4F pexilM, HaMilpaul ce orBbg
38-nn napanen, 3a Aa ce u:6erse uupoxorvrar4a6Ha
eofiHa c Kurarl. PaaHorracrflra MexAy ABaMara ca
npuquHa 3a orqyxgaBaHe u e xpafiua cMerKa npe-
KpaTfl BaHe Ha B3ailMOOTHOUeHilFTa MeXAy TRX.
OrqasHure ycrrJrr{fl 3a rro6ega
Ceeepnoxopeircrara apMnfl flpocrHo araKyBa
pxHara qacr Ha nonyocrpoBa. 3a nepuo4 or ABa
Meceqa neKoBbopbxeHilffT toxHoKoperlcxu pex[M e
npilHyAeH Aa ce oTrerflil B ceBepoil3roqHaTa qacT Ha
nonyocrpoBa, a CrtoglrnqecKnTe cnnv u aMepuKaH-
cKara apMufl, Kor4To npucl4rar Ha noMou.l otflnouva,
ca B cbcroflHr4e Aa 3aqilTaBar or6paunrenHara nvHa4fl
Mex4y llycan n ,Qaery. Cne4 roea Maxaprup npeA-
MaKaprbp pbKoao4u 6rrxara
npileMa MepKil 3a B'b3paxgaHe. llocnegeauloro oreo- ^
npn lzluveor or 6op4a Ha
oBaHe or cvnttTe na OOH Ha npflcraHilu.lero TlnveoH, caMoneroHocaq. 6naroAapeHue Ha
B HaMilpaullrff ce HeAaneq Ceyn, orxucea KaHarilTe
ycneuJ HaTa cTpaTerna cury aquqr a
ce npeo6prr4a r cunure sa OOH
aa cHa64ReaHe Ha ceBepHoxopeficrara HapoAHa HaBn[3ar Ha repilTophflTa Ha
apMttn, nocraeRtZxil ctAnvre Ha CesepHa Kopen, paa- CeaepHa Kopen.
noroxeHu BbB BbrpeuHocrra Ha lOxHa, e 4ocra prc-
KoBaHa m uecra6unna cttryaqttfl, Ocuqecrenea ce
fi3HeHaABaqara araKa c 6urxara npz TlHveoH. Tn :a
nopeAeH nbT BKnoqBa cTpaTeruFTa 3a nocTeneHHil
gerlcreun, crbnKa no cr-bnKa, nogo6Ho "no4cKo-
LlilTe Ha xa6a'i rosro ce oKa3Ba ycneuJHa e 6urxara
xparZ ocrpoerre Caura Kpys nog KoMaHABaHero Ha
Maxaprup. flo uneunero Ha HflKot4 BoeHHil eKcnepril
e noqTr HeBb3MoxHo Ea ce cT-bnr,t Ha cyuaTa Ha npilc-
raHilr.qero TlHveou, aaqoro parloHtr e c rpygHo npeA-
cKa3yeMa qecrora Ha npilnilBilTe u otnueure.lAtaxa
6utxara npu lzlHveoH, qilero Haqallo e na 15 cenreM- ^ MaKaprbp uHcneKTupa
Qpouroeara nrnrfl no BpeMe
Bpil, ce oKa3Ba ycneuHa, Ceyn e oreoroeau o6paruo, a na Kopeficxara eoilna.
ceBepHoKopeficxara apmrR e nprHygeHa Aa ce orre- Ounporeopnrennnre cana
rnil Ha ceBep, npeuuHaearZru3S-va napanen. xa OOH ycraHoenBar cBoero
npeBb3xoAcrBo cneg 6urxara
Ycnexrr na 6urxara, 3a KoFTo caMilflT Maraprup npn tlHceoH.

- TpyMaH ce 3ano3HaBa 3a nbpBff ntr c N4axaprup - repon or
no6egnara 6mxa npv ly'HqeoH, Ha ocrpoB yeuK, Bb3nor3BafKr ce
or 3an03HaHcrBoro c orneE npegcronulara npe4n:6opra KaMnaHur
3a npe3liaeHr
S,aH- ruyrulrcure
KOHOIT4KTbT MEXAy CEBEPA t4 lorA
nn xopeta cKuA norlyocTPoB, noPoAEH
oT cTy[EHATA eOl4FrR MEXAy [43TOKA l/ 3AnAAA
npe3 1950 r. - roguHara, e ronro n:6yxea
Kopeilcxara eoilHa, L{enilRr cBrr craBa cBn-
' Aeren Ha BpbxHara roqKa B Crypeuara
eofrHa mexgy CreercrilR ctoa r Cre4uue-
' HilTe aMepilKaHcKr4 lqaril. CteercrilffT cbo3,
eAHa or AbpxaBilTe no6egnrenr eue Bro-
para cBeroBHa eoilHa, ycraHoBrBa npoc'b-
I BTCKd nOIlYlTilKa C nOCneAOBaTenHaTa OKy-
,i naqun Ha n3ToqHoeBponeficrure crpaHil, 3a
, Aa 3ar4ilril camara ce6e cr. llpea r',rapr 1946 r.
.
i 6purancrunr MhHucrbp-npegcegaren 9rp-
r qiln noce!.laBa CteguHeHnre ularil il npou3-
, Hacf cBofra 3HaMeHilTa peq 3a "Xern:Hara
saaeca" npeg Tpyuau, aMepilKaHcKufl npe-
..
. 3ilAeHT/ r npilKaHBa BCr4qKU 3anaAHil Abp-
:.' xaBil ,qa 3acraHar eAHa Ao Apyfa B oTnopa
I cil cpeqy HaiqBilcHaraTa c'bBercKa onacHocr.
-r CxopocneAToBa[tpxaennnrgenapraMeHr
', Ha CAUI o6ngnea raKa HapeqeHils "llnan
:. Mapuan'i npe4craBnflBaq nbpBoHaqanHure
'l xarutepeunR ua Amepura no orHoueHfie B'b3-
. cTaHoBFBaHeTO il Cb3AaBaHeTO Ha COII4AHa
r ocHoBa 3a crpaHilTe na 3anagua Eepona.
' lAztoraavat 6noK orKa3Ba Aa yqacrBa B nraHa
: noA HarilcKa ga Ctgercrun ctn:, flpe:
, cneABaulara roguua 3ana4ua EBpona cb3-
4aaa EaponeficKara opraHil3aqvq 3a nKo-
HOMT4qeCKO C'brpyAHvrqecTBo/ a npe3 flHyaph
1949 r. lAztoeaunt 6nos cr'3AaBa B orro-
eop Cl4B (Cteer aa ilKoHoMr4qecKa B3ar/Mo-
nonoul). llpe: 1948 r. c'bBercKara apMrr
3aneqarBa 6epnrH, a lepvauun ce pa3Aenfl
uexgy lzl:rora r 3anaAa. Crqeapeuenno
e c'b3AaAeH u BoeHHfiffT cbto3 Ha 3anaA-
Hnre A'bpxaB/ HATO, unu Ceeepxoarnaurn-
qecxuR nart ToBa e Bp'bxHara roqKa B Ayena
mexgy lul:rora u 3anaga.
Mexgyapemenxo e AsilR npe: 1948 r.
ce c'b3AaBa Kopefi crara HapoAHoAeMoKpa-
ruvxa peny6nuKa, a Ha cfletqBaulara roAilHa
ce ocHoBaBa w Kwaha<ata HapoAHa peny-
6rrxa nog pbKoBoAcrBoro na Mao ,{:e-
AyH. Bte Bneruana npoB'b3rnaceHara or Xo
Ulil MilH BuerHanrcra fleMoKparil']Ha peny-
6nwxa,aa6npa curu. Bnacrra Ha KoMyHr3Ma
B cBeroBeH N,tat4a6 Hapacrsa.

xeHile B tAcropwqTa Ha aMepilKaHcKaTa

apM4n, n ca npnHyAeHt4 Aa orcrbnflT Ha rcr
or 38-ilF napafien. To3r,r pe3ynrar HanoMHF
Ha xopaTa 3a nopaxeHreTo/ KoeTo npe-
rbpnffBa HanoneoH B PyctAA. Kvtailcntnt
BOeHeH nOTeHqilan o6aqe orcna6Ba, Tbrit KaTo cHa6- ^ npe3 1 946 r. 6prraHcxrnr
Mr/HLrclbp-n pegceAaren 9'u pl rn
AflBaHeTO nO KaHaIr{Te 3a AOCTaBKil OTHeMa noBeqe (orAncHo) npoil3Hacr cBoFra
BpeMe il B cpeAara Ha Mapr 1951 r. xnrarZqnre ce 3HaMeHilTa pev aa "Xenr:Hara
AaBa onpeAeneHrero "ilrpa Ha KbcMera 1 Ha 5 000'l npeMecrBar Ha ceBep oT 38-ilr napafien. saeeca". Ha cne4eaulara rogltua
yKpenBa HefoBara Bflpa B co6cTBeHaTa My Heno- Krrarlcroro orcrbnneHile Ha ceBep AaBa Ha o6e- TpymaH, npe3ilAeHrbr na CAI!
(anneo), orKprlro o6senea
rpeuilMocT 14 ToBa. qe BmHaTil n3nt(3a npaB. ocBeH AnHeHOTO ilaBHO KOMaHABaHe UaHC Ea yBeEOMr aHTUKOMyHilCTilqeCKa il
roBa npilHyxAaBa npe3ilAeHra Aa AaAe pa3peue- Maxaprup, qe rpfl6Ba Aa nonyqil npe3nAeHrcKo aHT!4C-bBeTCKa nO3tAut4A, l,43BeCTHa
il3flBneHile, B KOeTO Ce Clrflbpxa Kflay3a 3a nper0- noA ilMero "AoKrpilHara Tpyri,lau .
Hne 3a HaBnr3aHe oTBbA 38-un napanen.
Taxa ce nocragn o$nqranHo
BOpr4 OTHOCHO npeKpaTFBaHe Ha OfbHfl OT CTpaHa Ha
Trfr xaro Maxaprup nocBeulaBa 50 rogunm or cBofl Haqaroro Ha CrypeHara eofiua,
O6egn HeH rre Haqttu. Maxa prrp o6ave n pene6perea KoflTo 3anoqBa creg Bropara
xr4BoT Ha yHilrloxaBaHeTo Ha npoTilBHilKano BceKil
cbo6uleHilero il Hanpol4B, AaBa Ha nttaitqvteynru- ceeroaHa gofiHa.
eAilH Bb3MOXeH HaqfiH, rofi raKa il He pa36ilpa cKpr4-
MaryM, B KofiTo 3aFBflBa, Lre HffMa Aa ce noKone6ae Aa
Tilre Mo14Br4, CTOFrl]r4 3aA MeXAyHapOAHara nonvfivKa. r43Bbpr-ur/ Bb3AyutHTr aTaKil Ha KoHTilHeHTa. Toea Ce
npeBpbula B nocfleAHilfl cnyqai Ha KoHopoHraqiln
BuesanHoro ocBodolrqaBarre or MexAy Maxaprup m TpyuaH. Ha 11 anpran B cronil- v MaKaprbp HanycKa [eHepaflHhr
AJrblr(HocT r4a6 cneg ceoero ocao6ox4asaHe.
Llara BauilHrron Tpyuan ooilLlilanHo o6flBflBa ocBo-
Peuenrero Ha TpyMaH cMaftBa
B xpan Ha oKroMBpl4 BotZcKilre Ha OOH B CeBepHa 6oxgaeauero or ArbxHocr Ha MaKaprbp. Borlnara FnoHqilTe noBeqe, oTKonKoTo
Kopen nanpegBar K-bM rpaHilqilre cKwait. CrpaHara Ha MaKaprbp B A3ilF BHe3anHo npilKrrorrBa. aMepilKaHqrTe.

Beqe e oTnpaBilna npeAynpexAeHile, qe ule il3nparil

cBor4 BoilcKr4, aKo crrrure na OOH npeKocflT 38-ilF
napanen ,{ B Kpaf Ha HoeMBpr4, AHil cneA nocneAHaTa l:rl .I 'i::
:
araKa Ha OOH, sa Aa cnoxyr Kpai Ha eorirHara, 180 ,i!t:i:ir: r.r :.i ,itr
,1,:,
;lt'FG;;i|;ni"'
xl4rflAHa KilTaficKa 406poBonqecKa apMilfl ocbqecr-
BFBa OrBereH yEap. BorlcKylTe Ha ooH ca HanbnHo
pa3rpoMeHil n ro Ao raKaBa cTeneH, qe Heycnex-br
ilM Ce OnpeAeJlF KaTO Hafi-Karacrpo$annoro nopa-
 BerepaHbr Hl4Kora He yMnpa
Trxrnoro c6oryeaHe
Kornro MAKAprbp E ocBoBoAEH or 3aAbrxeHil-
flTa cv Karo KoMaHABaul cLtlure na O6e4rnenrre
Ha4w, toit ry6v il nocra cil Ha B'bpxoBeH rnaBHoKo-
MaHABaul Ha Cuo:Huqecolre cttnv, KaKro 14 Ha B-bp-
xoBeH t'laBHoKoMaHABaU.l Ha aMepilKaHCKaTa apMilfl
e ,{anevHrR il:rox. OceeH roBa e oceo6ogeH or
nocTa cn Ha KoMaHABaUI OKynaqiloHHVTe ctAnv B
flnouwa, MaKap qe HFMa Hilu-lo o614o c Kopelrcxara
eofiHa. Tara 50 foEtAHtA eoiHytulxr,t xr4Bor crilrar
ceon rpafi. Oceo6oxgaeaHero Ha Maxaprtp nua
eMoLlr/oHaneH e$exr sa MHo3ilHa FnoH[-14. Crarug
B-bB BecrHnK "Acaxr", ny6nvxyeana e 6pon, xorlro
v3nv3a Ha cneABaulylfl AeH cneA 3anoBeATa 3a ocBo-
6ox4aeaue, Fracil cneAHoro: "XileRxtve 3aegHo c
reHepara Ha apMilflra Maraprtp or Kpaff Ha eoi-
Hara Ao 4uec. Herosoro oceo6oxgaBaHe, He3aBil-
cilMo KaKBa e npilqilHaTa 3a To3r4 aKT, e HeBepOFTHa
:ary6a aa qenr{fl RnoHcKil HapoA. Koraro 3a npbB nbr
B CBOF XT4BOT flnOHLlilTe Ce r3npaBnxa npeA 3ary-
6ara na eohHa n noqyBcrBaxa anarilfl KbM Abpxa-
aara, Maxaprup 6e roara, xoirro nr Hayqil Ha 4o6po-
Aerenrire Ha AeMoKpaqvflTa v naLlra$rava ,,t Aoc- HeocruJecrBeHara Meqra
rofino noeege flnoHcKufl HapoA K'bM no-4o6pu epe-
llonynnpHocrra Ha Maxaprup e Auepuxa e no-
raenal' Bunperra $axra, ve Maxaprrp npr4rexaBa
rornMa or oqaKBaHoro. Tofi e nocpeulaH c orpoM-
HyxHilTe yMeHilF 3a AOCTr,4faHe AO Cb3HaHreTO Ha
Ha paAocT or cBor4 eHrycna3ilpaHil noAApbxHilqyr
o6qecreoro r ceo6ogara Ha peqra ce HaMilpa noA HaBcflKbAe/ K-b4ero orilBa/ Karo eoilntnx, xo/tro ce
KOHTpO'ra Ha OKynaqnflTa/ BepoFTHo ToBa onilcaHr4e 3aBpbqa rpuyruQanno B cBoF AoM, a c-bc cBonra peq,
e AocToBepHo no oTHoueH!4e Ha ncTilHcKr4Te qyB- npoil3HeceHa npeA aMepilKaHcKrtfl Kourpec, B KoflTo
cTBa/ KOI4TO FnOHCKT4flT HapoA !l3nilTBa KbM HerO. Ka3Ba npoqyrilre AyMl4: "Berepannre HilKora He yMri-
Ha 1 6 anpran 1 951 r., ner 4ur cneA cBoero oceo6ox- pal, Te npocTo r,r:6ne4unear'i BneqaTlflBa cilnHo aMe-
AaBaHe or 3aeMaHilTe AnbxHocl4/ Maxaprup HanycKa pilKaHcKr4n Hapog. Tora o6aqe He r:6negHnea ron-
flnonrR. loeopra ce, ve 6ueu:uRr npe3ilAeHT Xyetp ro roea 6rpao. PasnureaH e Ha o6qecrBeH npollec
cbBerBa Aa ce 3aB'bpHe e Aueprra,,qoKaro Bce ou{e orHocHo BoeHHoro nonoxeHl4e e AsilR B npoAbn-
ilMa no4Kpenara Ha aMepilKaHcxrn Hapog. lonnrvr 6por,r xeHne Ha ABa Meceqa oT cMeceHa KoMt4cylF, pa3-
xopa ce crpynBar no n'brfl KbM nerilu1e XaHega, par- ^ llo BpeMe Ha rbpxecrBeHnff
cneABaqa BoeHHoAilnlloMaTrqecKil B3ailMOOTHO- napag no cnyuai nocpeLqaHero
eneahvA KaKTo aMepilKaHcKr4, TaKa v flno+cKtA Hallilo- ueHilfl. Maraprtp pa3rnexAa Bb3MoxHocrra Aa Ha poAHa 3eMfl Ha MaKaprbp B H0
Hannn Qnarvera. HoeuHapcKilTe KoMnaHil tA vt3lvcnfl- B3eMe yqacrkte B npe3ilEeHTcKure ut6opvt, xowto xatpnnr HaA 3 000 roHa
lzlopx ce
xou$err. Toir e nocper4aH Karo
BaI qe noBeqe or 200 000 Ayurl ce cr,6npa1 3a Aa cvt rpn6ea Aa ce npoBe4ar npe3 1952 r., nznonteahxu rpuymQanuo :aepblqau] ce BoilH
eaeMar c6orol c Hero. naBpilre Ha ycneuHara oKynallyln e flnounR, Ho e HABCFKb.4C, KbTCTO OTtrBA.

v Koraro MaKaprbp ce 3aBp-bLla B AMeprlKa, rofi e nocpeqHar

paAyuHo r/ pa3rnexAa B'b3MoxHocrra Aa y'.lacrBa B u:6opnre:a
npe3nAeHI Ho He ce paiqBa Ha nonyrspHocT cpeA no-MnaAoTo
noKoneHile.
,' ,d$t
?t
.ff
,r'f ,"*; :
" r$,
:!l+.:].io':."::{1.1
t" \' ... ,
'd\ #..
\q i L":h;

. ' a:i{
fft i'::l
npoAbnxeHr4e Ha Llenil 15 ro4uHlr ce e HaMilpafi fi3e'bH
npegenilre ua Avepnxa, a aMephKaHcKr4FT HapoA
ce e npoMeHiln npe3 ToBa BpeMe. l-Heerr Ha xopara
cpeuly HeroBr4n cuepunx TpyMaH ce e nofianoxun il
ocBeH roBa aa72-ropvwna e'u:pacr Maxaprbp ce pa3-
rnexAa Karo qoBeK npeMhHan pa3llBeTa Ha ctAntATe cn.
Ata:eHxayep, xotlro e HeToB noALtt4HeH B MnHaroro, e
HOMvrHr,4paH 3a KaHAilAaT 3a npe3HAeHT.
Tpn ce4uurlrrr cfleA KpaF Ha HaquouanHilr KoH-
rpec Ha Peny6nuxaHcKara naprilff, Maraprtp noema
nbpBt4F cil rpaxAaHcKh nocT KaTo npe3ilAeHT Ha
qacrHa KoMnaHnfl. Hoaara AnbxHocr o6aqe e no-
cKopo noqerHa, a B geircreurenuocr rofi ocraBa
eorlHrrrx B cbpqero cr4 Ao KpaF Ha cBoF xueor. lopu
cneA Karo e 3aen Beqe no-cA'bpxaHa no3ilLlt/fl, npo-
fltnxaBa 4a 6-uge c-bBerHilK Ha HrKonKo aMeprKaH-
cKil npe3hAeHTh nocneAoBarenHo Karo Afi:euxayep,
Kene4u r [xoHcur, no orHoureHue Ha crparerililTe,
KOT4TO Aa Ce npeAnpileMaT B a3UaTCKt4fl pernoH.
llper nnr 1961 r. Maxapr-bp B3eMa yqacrile B qepe-
MoHilF no or6enR:eaHero ua 15-rognuHilHara or
kl3BooBaHero Ha He3aBr4o4Mocrra Ha Qvlnwnuunte -
Mflcroro, Koero cMFTa 3a cBoF "BTopa po4t4Ha'l Toea e
il HeroBoro nooreAHo nbryBaHe Ao A:us. Ha cnegea-
ulara ro4ilHa, 1962, npe: varl, rofi e ornr4qeH c npec-
TilxHara Harpaga "Crneauyc Tarlep" - HarZ-eilcoxara
creneH npu opgeH!4re, or aKaAeMilFra e Yecr florZHI,
K'bAero nbpBoHaqanHo yew a no-KbcHo il npenoBaBa.
Cne4 rosa, npe3 Mapr 1964 r., noclbnBa e 6onHnqara
"Yonrup Pnfi4" c onnaxBaHr4ff 3a 6onxu e vepnran 4po6.
Bupexr onepaqhoHHara HaMeca, rorl ymrpa Ha 5
anpiln Ha 84-rogmLuua Bb3pacr. llorpe6annara rlepe-
MoHr4fl BbB Baurrurrou ce h3rbqBa npflKo qpe3 care-
nilT no flnoHcKNfl TeneBfi3uoHeH KaHar Eu ErZq KerZ.
llpe3ilAeHTlr,qxoHcbH nocerr1aBa Maxaprtp, Koiro e 6ofleH
^ u.le ce oTKaxa oT Bcr4qKr4 opAeHil n MeAanilr c Kor/To
Hanerno, B-unpexn cleerrre ra Maxaprup npornB HaqnHaHilero,
Auepuxa 3ano.tBa BoiHa c Brernau.
Bm6nmoreKa Ha crroMeurlTe
M EMO P14 AJT HUAT MY3 E I4 "MAKA PTbP"
My3eflr ce HaMilpa B Hop$onx (Brapgxra- oTBOpeH qeloroAilrxHo il BXoA'bT 3a BcilqKil
nun), pa:nonoxeu 250 xu roxHo or Bauuur- nocerurenr e 6e3nfl areH.
ron. Oreapn epatu aa 26 nuyapvt 1 964 r. - geun, Maraprup fi HeroBara cbnpyra ca norpe-
e rofiro Maxapmp HaBbpuBa 84-roguruxa 6axu e nyeen, a no creHilre Ha Kopt4Aopure ca
e'u:pacr. Hop$onK e il38ecreH Karo aMepilKaH- t 3flucaHvt HeroBh 3HaMeHililA AyMtA. Ha nlp-
cKo BoeHHoMopcKo npilcraHuule Ha Arnarru- BLAfr tA BTOqIAA eTaX Ce HaMt4paT AeBeT cTau.
qecKilF oKeaH cbc crparerfiqecKo 3HaqeHile. Ilrpaunr erax npeAcraBfi eKcno3iltll4flTa Ha
Oceen toga e poAHo Mfcro Ha Heroeara Mailxa TeMil, cB'bp3aHil c ll'bpBara ceeroeHa eofiHa
lltntru r'r Mncroro, roero u:6upa Maraprtp il nepiloga, xorlro Maraprtp npeKapBa Ha
ga caofi eeqeH noxoft. Toil npaau o6eqaune, Aunvnuawte. Bropunr erax AeMoHcrpilpa
qe qe Aapil Ha rpaAa AoKyMeHru tA orntAqvfl, xilBoraHa reHepana no BpeMe il cneA Bropara
a rpaAcKara ynpaBa npeAflafa 3a qeflTa Aa ce ceetogHa gofiHa.
npilroAil crapilHHa crpaaa/ B KofTo ce e noMe- B ercno:nqrnra He npuc'bcrBar MHoro
qasan lpagcrrnr cbA/ KbAero Aa ce il3roxar Marepilanil 3a oKynaqilflTa ua flnoHuR, no te
BcilqK/ npeAocraBeHu Marepilanr. C saqa- Morar Aa 6irgar oxpnru e My:en Ha AoKyMeH-
noro ua getZtocrra ua OouAaqnnra B naMer Ha rilre, HaMilpaq ce B cbce4crBo c Meuopuan-
Maraprup npe-s 1962 r. ce cr6npar AapeHilfl uuR uy:efr "Maraprup'i 3a rcropuqnre, aauu-
oT MHOrO XOpa, a rpaAcKnFT CbBeT OTrOBapfl MaBaqil ce c oKynaqvrflTa ua flnourR, Mncroro
3a noA4pbxKara Ha eKcno3uqnnra. My:enr e e ncTilHcKa 3naTHa M/rHa 3a rrrusoprraaqran.
Heronrare BT,3rJreAI{ 3a Mrrpa
Koraro npe3r4peHT'br ,QxoHctH ro noceu.laBa rpil
ceAMilqr4 npe4r HeroBara cMbpT, Maxaprup My EaBa
creer: "Hr4xora He u3npau.latitre amepuxaHcKtA cvnv
Ha 6orTrnoro none e AsilRl' BeponrHo re3il AyMu npo-
yr3Tr4qar or no3HaBaHero Ha Aarq tA topwtBufl onvr
no BpeMe na KopetZcxara eorZna, Ho [4cKpeHilflr
My c'bBer raKa v He ce B3eMa npeABnA. Alepuxa
!43npaula ceorA eohcxtA e loxeH Buersav il e BbBne-
qeHa B yxacflBaulara Bneruaucra eoriHa.
Maraprup roBop?r no cnegHilfl HaqilH 3a eorZHara:
"He ruoxe 4a cneqenuu 6rrKa eEilHcrBeHo c noMoqra
'/I-.'11
Ha op'bxr4fl. HarZ-eaxHoro Heulo e Aa ilMaMe BonflTa
n xeflaHilero Aa cneqefiilMl'Tofi ne,lenil HeManKo
6urru uueHno 6naro4apeHile Ha cilrHara cil BoJrfl.
^ IlaMerHuK Ha MaKaprbp,
Or 4pyra crpaHa, B no-KbcHure ctA roAtAHtA xaAyBa r3AnrHaT Ha BXOAa Ha My3e9 My.
3a Milp noBeqe or BceKil Apyr. B KHilra, c-bA'bpxaula
L4HTepecHr4 qvrarv tA v3Ka3BaHVA ua Maxaprrtp, ny6-
nttKyBaHa creA HeroBara cvtpl rofi Ka3Ba cneAHoro:
- florpe6anuara qepeMoHile Ha
"Aro cne4 cro foALrHt4 aaxoitt utctopnK Hannue Eopr4 MaKaprbp ce cbcrot4 B cronilqara
u eAilH peg, e rofiro ce Ka3Ba, ve Maxaprup ilMa npil- Baufl HrroH. npeA TneHHilTe
My ocTaHKil ce fl3BilBa KOnOHa,
Hoc 3a Milpa, To a3 cbBceM cb3HareflHo 4o6poeonuo
ua6poreaqa oKono 1 00 000
Ayuv, KotATo l4ABaT Aa cr4 B3eMaT
crrvr 6nn ornr4qeH e 6r,rrxurel' nocneguo c6orov c nero.
,i:r; '!r'l ' rirr'i;$:;:
Kovr aHA B arrl vflT oKyrr aq rroH H r,r re
crilJrt\ Kotrro rr3foTBfl crleHapvn 3a
Bb3cTaHoBflBaHeTo Ha ^fnoHl,Ifl
Maraprrp pbKoBoALI oKynl4paHa flrrcuux B upoAbnxreHr4e na 5 ro4nHra z 8 Meceqa, ocbrlecrB-flr,afixu
pa3nI4qHI4 pe$opvru 3a AeMoKparur3ar\vrfl. Karo Harrpr{Mep pe$opnra 3a 3eMeAeJrcKara 3eMr. Ouroeuo
Mtcro o6a.Ie a 4eficrnuflTaMy e npr4eMaHero Ha KoncruryrJvrflTa na flnonzr, Korro e u3BecrHa orqe
rIoA I4Mero "KoHcrzryr\vflTa na Maraprbp" u oSopur rrroHcKoro o6rqecrBo, a cbAbp)KaHr4ero Ha
AoKyMeHra e o6exr Ha noneMurnuru AHec. Kaxn a e HeroB ar a BtrsvA 3 a p eKoHcrpyKrl 14 -f, T a Lra flrrcLtux?

(DororpaQttflTa, Korro r,r3MeHs xoAa Ha

[cTopuqTa
IJA 27 CEITTEMBII4 1945 r, oKono 3 ce4muqu cne4
I lno4nraceaHero Ha AoKyMeHTure no Kanurynaqun,
na 6op4a Ha aMepilKaHcKytff BoeHeH ropa6 "Mncyprrr"
hMneparop Xlrpoxuro 3a n'bpBt4 nbr noceqaBa aMe-
plrKaHcKoro noconcrBo,3a fla ce cpeulHe c Maxaprup.
ilogpo6Hocrra orHocHo cpeqara He ce pa3KpuBar npeA
ffnoHcKr4n Hapo4. Bbe eecrHilr or 29 cenrevrepil o6a,le
e ny6nuryeaHa $ororpa$un, a flnoHqrre pa:6rapa1 ue
npaBoTo 3a ynpaBneHre Ha cTpaHaTa e npexBbpneHo
or hMneparopa Ha Maxaprtp. l4mneparopbr crot4
u3npaBeH il cKoBaH, .qoKaTo aMepilKaHcKl4flT reHepan
cror4 c p'bqe aa4 rup6a cu. Oororpa$ilffra noKa3Ba,
ve "crpanara Ha 6oroeere" flnoHrs ry6r eofinara or
ceo6o4uara, AeMoKparnqHa il HanpeAHana AbpxaBa
Amepnxa. Maxaprup noAqepraBa, qe npileMa flnoHyrR
Karo He3aBilcilMa Haqun u ce orHacfl ctecetu 6naro-
cKroHHo KbM nMneparopa. Tofi peuaBa Aa onpocl4
orroBopHocrra Ha uMneparopa ra eorZHara, 3au{oro
3Hae, qe MoHapxbr e o6err Ha orpoMHo yBaxeHile or
crpaHa Ha flnoHcKytfl HapoA. loeopu ce, qe reHepanbr
rranoro 4o6pe pas6rapa: cbqecrByBaHero Ha uMnepa-
ropa e Heo6xo4l4Mo ycnoBre 3a ycneuHoro t4 rnaAKoro
npoTilqaHe Ha oKynaqroHHnTe nfl aHoBe.
Maraprup AeMoHcrpnpa npe4 flnoHcKl4fl HapoA, qe
e nr'rHoc1 cronula no-Br4coKo or ilMneparopa. llo rosu
HaqnH rofi e B cbcroffHne Aa noBeAe oKynaqiloHHara
nonvfitAKa rAa ocbqecTBil nocneAoBaTeflHo Bcl4qKu
pe$oprvu,r. Ha 11 orrorvrapu rcil nocraBn Haqanoro Ha
ner KnoqoBta 3a AeMoKparil3aqilflra peQopmr. OceeH
roBa 3aulrraBa Heo6xogranaocrra or npreMaHe Ha KoH-
crnry.IAfu Koffro Aa cnoMorHe 3a $opmrpaHero na $yH-
AaMeHTanHilTe npilHqilnn Ha Haqilflra r AbpxaBaTa.

KoncruryrlrrflTa ua Mamaprrp
flerre rnloqoera peQoprvrrrr ca cneAHilTe: Ha nbpBo
Mrcro roBa ca rs6uparenHu npaBa 3a xeHure, Koero
e paBHo3HaqHo Ha roBa Ea ce AaAe ceo6o4a Ha
r flpovyrara QororpaQun, ra Kosro ca 3anecaranu o6pa:ure xa Maxaprrp n nuneparop Xnpoxrro, cuaiea
xopara. ToBa e MoMeHTbl e xoillo nnoscxr4sr tapog pa:6rpa, ve 6oron:6paHara gtpxaea fnoHun ry6u
eorlsara.
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Ha leHeparrHara qa6xeaprnpa o6a,re ca no4xpeneHil or MHoTo flnonqn, pa6orunn no HaAMilHaBa no pa3Meph MbxKara B oHe3il BpeMeHa, a n:6rparenrara axrilBHocr e caMo 67 0/0.
il3roTBFHeTO Ha KOHCThTqUfl Ta. 3a cbxafleHne MHofo xeHil He ce B-b3noa3Bar or npaBoro cil Aa ynpaxHnr cBog Bor.

xeHcKaTa qacT oT HaceneHueTo; BTopo MFcTo 3aeMa Aae or nonpaexr". BecrHux "ManHuqm" ce cgo6uea c nraHoBere Ha npaBilren-
Hac'bpqa Ba He pa3BhTueTo Ha cil HAil KaTilTe; TpeToTo crBoro w ru ny6nwxyBa Ha cBonre crpaHuqil Karo ceH3aqiloHHa HoBilHa na 1 $ee-
Mrcro ce orpexAa ra nr6epanu3arlilflra Ha o6pa- pyapv 1946 r. 6e: npe4eapilrenHoro 3HaHile na Maraprtp. Toit e HeAoBoneH or
3OBaHileTO; Ha qerBbpro MffcTo 3acTaBa npeMaxBa- pa3Bof Ha cu6rrmRra il runcara Ha peBil3rroHrAcrwrltA HaMepeHilf B nrlaHoBere.
Hero Ha cilcreMara ua tarZnara nonvqu+ il Ha nero
B orroeop Ha roBa Hapex4a feHepanHrRr qa6 He:a6aeHo Aa no4rorBil npoeKT 3a
- AeMoKpaTil3aqilR Ha ilKOHOMilKaTa, npeAcTaBnfi- HoBa KoHcrr4ryr-lrn. llo Heroea rHcrpyKqvln HoBara KoHcn4Tyqr4ff cae4Ba 3a4bn-
BaLUa pa3nycKaHe Ha raKa HapeqeHrre "aara6aqy'l
xilTerHo Aa cbA'bpxa e ce6e cil cneAHilre rpvr ocHoBHr4 nphHqilna: ilMneparopbr
rofleMnre hHgycrpr4anHfl KoHilroMeparn. litperre
nz6opw cneg Kpan Ha eoirHara ce npoBexAar npe3 3ana3Ba Mncroro cn Ha 4erZcrearqa 0r,rrypa Ha Blracrra, Kofro cbBceM RcHo u HeeA-
anpnn 1946 r. Cera xeHilTe rMar B'b3MoxHocr Aa Ho3HaqHo ce HaMilpa B p"bllere Ha Hapo4a, 6eeycnoeHo orpl4qaHe Ha BorZHara r
B3eMar yqacrne B norrtan4Kara v 39 xean ca wz6panu npeMaxBaHe r-ra Seo4anr:Ma qpe3 AaBaHero Ha paBHil npaBa 3a BcilLrKr/. Eroporo sa
B napnaMeHTa Karo 3aKoHo4arefln. lzl:6opur Ha o6qecreeHo 6naroctcroRnile il3rorBr npoeKTa eABa 3a AeBer AHr4 il rotl erntoqea
39 npe4craerrenKh Ha HexHufl non HaBeAHbx e BCr4rrKr4 14HCrpyKqr4Lr na Maraprrp, a flnoHcKoTo npaBnTencTBo e HaKapaHo Aa npil-
peKopg, rorlro se e 6nn no4o6prBaH u Ao AHec. eMe HoBnre nonpaBKn. Maxaprrp ce HaMilpa B nonoxeHile, B Koero e npilHyAeH
Eguu cne.q ,qpyr ce c'b3AaBar t4 ctAHAt KartA, B KpaA KorKoro ce Moxe no-6upro Aa il3rorBl4 HoBa KoHcrl4Tyr-14fl.
Ha roAfiHara 6nvto 4 000 000 Ayrur4 qneHyBar B
n poQcuosnra opra Hfi 3a qilil. 6ponr Ha4euu.raBa Aece- - OynAaueHrarsusr 3axor :a o6pa:osaHrero Bnn3a B cilna npe3 Mapr 1 947 r BbBexAa ce 3aAbflxilrenHara
o6pa:oearenHa crcreMa or rilna "6-3-3-4".
ToKparHo 6pon na qreHoBere npe4ra eorZuara. Bue
Bcl4rrKr4 o6paroearenHV vHcrtATyaltAvt ce npeMaxBa
BoeHHoro o6yveHue h ce B-bBexAa noea o6pasoaa-
rerHa cilcreMa or Br4Aa "6-3-3-4", roero o3Haqaea 6
foAtAHa4 npoAbnxilrenHocr 3a ocHoBHoro o6paro-
eaHne,3 3a MnaAUilTe KnacoBe na rumna:rnta,3 la
crapuilTe KnacoBe Ha rfiMHa3r,rnTa n 4-rognueu xypc
o6yveHne B yH14Bepcilrernre. Mononon-br Ha onil-
r-ra
rapxilLrHilre KoHrnoMeparil " Mtt4y6uwu", "Cyrvrrromo']
"Mtttlytt" u "Ycyga", ynpaxHflBaqn nblreH KoHrpon
Bbpxy r4KoHoMnKara, e pa3pyueH. OceeH roea Ha
BCvtLtKt4 nfiLla, 3a KonTo ce cMffTa, qe ca BoeHHonpec-
TbnHnqil il HaLliloHanncrm, ce :a6panFBa 3aeMaHero
H a An'bxHocTLr KaTo A'bpxa BH il rl t4 HoBH 14 r_$4.

Karo qnno Bcr4r{Kl4 pe$opvrlr npon4qar rna4Ko,

Ho ce sa6enR3Bar c'brpeceawa w o6patt B npoeK-
rilre 3a peBil3mn Ha KoHcruryquRra. Ka6nuerul
ornaBrBaH or npeMilepa IJJu4exapa, il3rorBfl nnaH,
cnope4 rorlro crapnre npaBa Ha ilMneparopa ce
3ana3Bar c orneA Ha ToBa, .le "g no-ronFMara cil
qacr KoHcrilryqtAnra or epara Meragxn He ce Hyx-

v KoopAilHaropbr Ha KoMr.t-
chrTa 3a cbBMecTHa 60p6a
nnace cneA peueHileTo Aa ce
npeKpaTfl Bceo6ulaTa cTaLlKa,
B csoe pagroo6pt,qeHile 3a
cnnpaHe Ha cravrure 4eficrsrn
Tofi n3non3Ba npocyrilTe cnoBa:
"cnnxa nanpe4, 4ee na:ag'l
Ha ra:r $ororpaQilff ca 3ane
caraH14 pe,qilqrre c pa6orHnqn,
vaxaqr pa6ora Ha npucraHrule
Toea nporrrnqa or OaKra, qe npeAnuHilF AeKeM- cneA ToBa AaBa Bb3MOXHOCT Ha CenCKaTa qaCT OT
Bpr4 B MOCKBa Ce npoBexAa KoHoepeHqnF, B KOflrO HaceneHileTo Aa fl 3aKynsT Ha HilcKr4 qeHil. oCBeH
B3eMaT yqacTile Mr4H?lcTpr/Te Ha BbHluHuTe pa6oTil Ha TOBa BnaCTilTe nocTaBfT TaBaH Bbpxy pa3Mepa 3eMF,
Auepu xa, Ben u xo6p rra u tAA tA C'bBer ctt/lfl cbro3. Ha HeF Kotrro npilTexareflrTe Ha 3eMF, xHBeeulil Bbpxy
ce B3eMa peueHile 3a ycTaHoBflBaHe Ha caMVfl vtMoT, MoraT Aa npilTexaBaT. lzl:nilruHara seMR
cbBMecTHo
ynpaBneHne or crpaHa Ha c-blo3HilqilTe
Ha fnoHilfl
ce ocBo6oxAaBa I
npexBbpflfl Ha cenFHrlre. EQexrur
orr436poeHilTe AerlcTBr4F e cb3AaBaHero Ha MHo-
Ha 26 OeBpyapil. Ceganilqero Ha roBa ynpaBaeHile e
xecrBo 3eMeAeflcKLr Qepur. 50 o/o or HacefleHilero
B aMepilKaHcKaTa cTonilqa BarunHrroH il e il3BecTHo
npeAil BofiHaTa HacenffBa cercKilre pai|oHvt, Ho KbM
nOA ilMeTO KOtttUCws 3a AanerlHiltl I.43TOK. HffKOt4 (Depuepnre,
A'bp- 1950 r. rosil 6porZ nanannBa Ao 10 o/0.
xaBil c'bro3HLFtKr4, KaTO AeCrpanun il CbBercKnF cblo3, KOI4TO ilMaT nOI3a OT Bct4rlKO TOBa/ nOCTeneHHO nOAO-
ncKaT r{MnepaTop'rrT Ha flnoswa Aa noHece oTroBop- 6pnear HaqilHa cil Ha xnBo1 a Bb3ile.qilTe vM npv-
HOCT 3a BOirHaTa.3a 4a sanasu cBofl nnaH 3a BbBex- Eo6ilBar no-KoHcepBarilBeH oTTeHbK. Toea ca ectq-
AaHe Ha KOHCrilryqilOHHa MoHapxilfl, Maxaprup urma HOcr qenilre Ha MaKaprbp. Bcrqxr KoMyHr/,tcrr4qecKn
HyxAa or Heulo 3aBbprxeHo npeAn MoMeHra, B KorlTo peBonorlr4r/ B A3ilff ce 3apaxAaT B cejrcKt/Te pai\oHt\,
Kottttncuata 3a AaneqHiln r43ToK npeAcror/ ,qa 3anoqHe eTo 3aulo e r3KfltoqilTenHo BaxHo flnoHrR Aa 6rrAe
3aulilTeHa no TaKbB HaqilH OT KOMyHl43Ma.
cBofTa AefiHocT. ocBeH Bcrlr]KO OCTaHanO aMeprKaH-
cKfiFr reHepar oc-bt4ecrBFBa arpapHil peoopMil, r-bfi AnrunonryHr.{crurrecKa
Kp enocr
KaTO B 3eMeAenileTo Ha flnoHnR B oHe3il BpeMeHa Bce
PeQopvrare 3a AeMoKparl43aqilF Ha Maraprup ce
oule cbulecTByBar oeoAanHil nopfAK?t.
npoBexAar MHoto 6bp3o 3a nepiloA orABe fo+vt{ti|,Ho
l-lpaeurencreoro npilHyxAaBa 3eMeBnaAen Llnre,
HeAocrilr'br Ha pe4ilqa croKr4 B pe3ynrar or eorzHara
KOT4TO He O6pa6Oraar 3eMffTa cv, Aa A npoAaAaI, a
ce npeBpbqa B Eocra cepilo3eH npo6neM. flnoHqnre
xilBeFT B 6eAHocr r/i Hl4r4era 3apagil ilH$nallilflTa,
nuncaTa Ha xpaHa il nporoHBaHeTo oT poAHilTe ilM
MecTa. flpeABilA roBa nonoxeHile cilna ua6upar neeu
n ojr r4Trl,rq ecKil $oprvrrz poea n raF KaTo fl noH cKaTa KoMy-
Ht4cTr,lqecKa napTilfl u
ctAHAtAKartATe. ABr/ixeHneTo
AOCrUra CBofl Bp-bx c HacpoqBaHeTo Ha o6uloHallil-
oHaflHa craqKa Ha 1 Qeepyapra 1947 r.Toea e a6co-
ntorHo HenpileMnilBo AerZcrBile 3a aHTylKoMyH?tcra
Maxaprup. leH npe4rz Haqaroro Ha crarlKara, 31 nny-
apv, roit t43AaBa 3anoBeA, c Konro Hanara 3a6paHa
Bbpxy crartHr4re geficrenn. BepoRrHo B To3r4 MoMeHT
B Cb3HaHileTO My t43HtAKBa CnOMeHbT 3a nOXOAa Ha
"6oHyc apmranra': CraqKara He ce npoBexga, a Ha
HapoAa 3a nopeAeH n-br ce HanoMHfl B qvu pbqe ce
HaMrpa BbpxoBHaTa BIaCT Ha rnaBHOKOMaHABau.l OKy-
naqrflTa. Cneg ro:n uHqilAeHT fnoHcKara nemtrtA<a
cfieABa AOCTa KOHCepBaTilBHa HaCOKa.
flnoHcxrsr HapoA npoA-bnxaBa Aa xilBee B Hilulera,
ilH$naqilnra He crlrxBa, a 3arerHarilflT 6ro4xer npe-
Bpbula Aenpecufrra B oule no-TexKa, B pe3yjrrar
Ha Koero ce yBenuqaBa 6eapa6oruqara. CnyllBa ce
cb6urue, Koero BeAHara npeo6prrLla FnoHcKara
T4KOHOMT/Ka, a ilMeHHO kl36yXBaHeTO na Kopetlcxara
BorZHa. flnoHilF ce npeBpbu.la B 6a3a 3a AocraBKil Ha
CutogHuqecxure cvnr , ero 3aulo cnellranHilTe il314c-
KBaHnfl Ha BOtzHaTa npeAu3Br/KBaT HeOTJIOXHO r.4KO-
HoMr/qecKo B'b3craHoBFBaHe. Ero KaK flnoHtAfl nMa
Bb3MOXHOCT Aa nOCTaBil OCHOBilTe Ha 6bp3 I4KOHO-
pacre)t KorlTo 3anoqBa cne,q 30-ro4r,lruHoro
MiltlecKkr
LlapyBaHe Ha lljoBa (epemero Ha "Ml4pa il cBernilHaTa"
Ha ilMneparop Xnpoxrro).
PeQopnarre Ha Maxaprup o$opMnr o6ntAKa Ha
cbBpeMe H Ha flnouvta. Te rpa ncoo prvr il paT crpa HaTa
oT crapoMoAHa AbpxaBa/ cbAbpxaula ocraHKn or
Seoganu:na, B MoEepHo [eMoKparilqHo o6r4e-
crBo, Ho cbc 3acilnBaHero Ha Crygeuara eorZua
nbpBoHaqanHilTe HaMepeHvF Ha Auepnxa ca
KopilrilpaHil il AHec flnon,an ce e npeBbpHara B
aHTyrKoMyH r,4CTT|qecKa KpenocT.
Tpure npecrbnneHhf,
qe B MoMeHra, e xofiro
l-oeopr ce,
I Maraprup npucrrra e Aqyrn, rorl
il3AaBa 3anoBeA cbc cneAHoro cbAbp-
xaHhe: "ly'srorgere cnrcbK Ha BcilqKLl
ff noHcKkr BoeHHonPcrbnHVqtA t apecry-
earire Xugerra Togxol' flrpeara crbnKa
B oKynaq[oHHara nonrrrKa Ha Marap-
rup e fnoHrn e pa3opbxaBaHe Ha rnoH-
cKATeCt ItA h apecr Ha BcLFtKt/ BoeHHo-
npecrbnHrqil. CrrcmeRHero Ha cnncbll4
oTHeMa MHOrO BpeMe, a nbpBaTa 3anoBeA
3a apecre rcAaAeHa Ha 1 1 cenreuepu. lo
HaqafloTo Ha Meceq AeKeMBpr4 ca apec-
ryBaH[ noBeqe or 100 BoeHHu KoMaH-
4rapra. OcaeH ToBa ce n3AaBar u 3anoBeAu
3a apecr B r{yir(A[ AbpxaB[, HaMnpaqn
ce nog FnoHcKa oKynaqrfl. flpecrunne-
HltffTa ce xnacraQuqrapar B Tpl4 Karero-
ptAtAl Krac A" rnac B u rnac C. B nrpeara
Karerophr A nona4ar Bcilr{Kr4 npecrbnae-
Hfifl Cpeqy MVpa v e HacoqeHa cpeu4y
BCl4r-rKLr nuqa, KOI4TO nraHrpaT l4 npoBex-
Aar BoeHHu geicreun. Bre eropara xare-
ropilfl ca raKa HapeqeHure "eoeHHr npec-
runneHlrn'l mr xecroKo orHouJeH[e KbM
3aTBOpHl4r_114 14 BOeHHOnreHHnLlU, a B rpe-
Tara KareropnR C ce eKnlcqear "npecru-
nneHilRra cpeu{y t{oBeqecreoro" u ryr
oTfoBopHocT ce T-bpcr4 oT Te3u nuqa,
ca uz6ueann fifi t,t n3MbqBar u o6wx-
Kor4To
HoBeH[ rpaxAaHn. Bue scRra or na6po-
eHuTe KaTeropru nonaAaT onpeAeneH[
nrqa. flo ro3h HaqilH npecrbnHilLlure,
o6enHeHu B npecrbnneHilF or Karero-
pva A,ca BoAar{ilTe Ha BoeHHil geilc:eua,
T. e. nonnTl/lqrTe n BilcurrTe BoeHHil,3ae-
Maflu Br4coKr4 nocroBe e 6ileuara fnoH-
cKa ilMnepilff. Tyx o6eraneHilfl ce noBALl-
rar cpeuly o614o 28 Ayuln, eAuH or Kot4ro
e cnoMeHarilflr Beqe To4xo. Bcuqrn re
3acraBar npe4 Mex4yHapogHlrn BoeHeH
rpn6yaan 3a EaneqHilfl r43roK.
floeeqero n qa, erlt.i.ro neflHnfl ce Kpr-
MilHa'lil3mpaT no il3]4cKBaHilflTa Ha KaTe-
ropfiilre B n C, ca apecryBaHfl B oKynilpa-
HilTe or ffnoHuR AbpxaBr,r r/ ca ocb.qeHyr
B c'bAunru.lara Ha co6crBeHilre cil A'bp-
xaBtA wnv or Crornraqrare. Pa6ornr o614o
49 ctgvtnnup, BKnror-rilTerHo e fnoHnn,
flxeHRH, MaHrna n Cnaranyp, a o6qo
5 700 4yuu ca nognoxeHfl Ha HaKa3a-
renHo npecneABaHe. flo BpeMe Ha orpoM-
Hnn npoqec,4403 4yLrLn orrnx ca o6ReeHil
3a BilHOBHT/, a 9M gywvt ca erceKyrilpaHn.
Maraprup nr4qHo Ha6nngaaa rpr
npoLfeca w v31aBa npncbAr4. Egunvat
npoqec e raKa HapeqennRr "Toxvrfrcxr,r
npoqec", rnn MexgynapoAeH ryn6y-
Han 3a fianeqHIAF tn3ToK, B Kotrro cpeu.ly
flnoHnR ce noBAilrar o6eilHeHuR sa
noHacflHe Ha nbflHaTa oTroBopHocr 3a
cnyqilnoro ce BbB BofiHara. ocraHa-
nl4re ABa npoqeca ca cpeu.ly reHepan
Tolronrr fuaurnra, o6euHeH 3a Kfla-
Hero Ha ounrnrHrre, u reHepan-nefi-
TeHaHT Macaxapy XoHua, norqBeAeH
noA orroBopHocr 3a floxo4a Ha cMbpr-
Ta Ha EaraaH. B raqecraoro cu Ha Brtp-
xoBeH rnaBHoKoMaHABau{ Maraprtp
oqepTaBa nocoKaTa Ha npoTl4'{aHe Ha
Te3r npoqectA w ce v3ncKBa HeroBoro
npeABapilrenHo o4o6peHre npeAil
il3AaBa He Ha npilc'bAuTe.
llpecrrnnexufl 6e3 ocHoBaHuf,
"Toxwhcxvn npoqec'r 3anoqBa B
3anara Ha 6ileulara BoeHHa aKaAeMr4n
e lAuwran floxro) Ha 3 uair 1946 r. n
e 6e:npeqe4eHreH no po4a cta BoeHeH
rpn6yHan. [lprvuHara 3a roBa e Saxru1
qe Ao npoBexAaHero na Toruhcxua w
HrcpH6eprcrnff npoqec aofiHara calna
no ce6e cn HRMa npeguecrBaulo nocra-
BffHe B KareropilffTa Ha KpilMurHanHo
AeflHile/ He3aBilCt4MO AanU Ce OTHaCR 3a
uefinoro nnaHilpaHe nril u3nbllHeHile.
3aqurara u34ilra re3ara, qe B Mo4epHoro
npaBo "He cbu{ecrByBa npecrbnneHue
il He MOXe Aa Ce Hanara HaKa3aHile,6e3
Aa nMa no3oBaBaHe Ha npeABapilTenHo
onpeAeneHil nocraHoBKl4 B 3aKoHa';
c ApytLA AyMu, eAHo HaKa3aHile Moxe
Aa ce Hanoxn caMo e cnyvarrr, qe AeF-
HileTO e [3BbpueHo B AafleH onpeAe-
reH MoMeHT CneA Bnil3aHero B ct4na Ha
HaKa3areflHilR 3aKoH, a He o6parHoro.
,[saHagecerre cr4uu o6ave, BceKh or
KOilrO npeAcraBjrffBa eAHa or eAuHaAe-
cerre AbpxaBr cbo3Hilr{Kr, xaro cAl!
t/{34nra ABaMa cBol4 cb[Vtvt, orxBbpnflT
ocHoBaTeflHocTTa Ha il3T'bKHaTilTe apry-
MeHT!,r. Pesynrarrr or cr4e6Hure sace-
AaHVn, KOT4TO npOA'brXaBaT rqBe rOALlHr,l
n nofloBfrHa, e noBAriTaHero Ha o6ehHe-
Hilff cpeuly 25 pywn.,[ee nnqa yMnpar
no BpeMe Ha npoqeca, a eAilH or rffx e
o6neeH 3a HeBMeHfleu. Cegeu or re3rl
25 nv4a, BKntorrurenHo n 6uewnar npe-
3ilAeHr XnAern Togxo, ca ocbAeHr Ha
cMbpT, a ocTaHanilTe nonyqaBaT npilcbArl
c pa3nilqHa npoAbnxilTenHocl BKnoqfi-
TeflHO 14 AOXT4BOTeH 3arBop. HaXaSaren-
HaTa oTroBopHocT Ha RnoHcKl4ff nMnepa-
TOp, 3a KOfrO TOnKOBa MHOI-O HaCTOflBa
Aecrpanun, He e norbpceHa 3apagr
nort4Tl4qecKhTe MaHeBpvt, ocbqecrBeH[4
or Maraprup.
Orrnuqenuero no6egurenure
Ha
Maraprtp npoBexAa npoqecil no
o6gilxeHufi B npecrbnneHilF Kareropilt4
B n C, v noABex4aHe noA orroBopHocr
Ha BoeHHure Bogaqlt e MaHnna. flrpaunr
qoBeK, Koilro noHacfl orfoBopHocr 3a
cnyqilnoro ce, e reHepan flmau4Ta, KofiTo
e nocneAHnflT KoMaHABau{ Ha ounilnfl-
Hrre. Koraro roil npilcrilra B ocrpoB-
HaTaAbpxaBa, aMepnKaHcKaTa apMilfl ce
HaMilpa npil noAcrbnrre Ha $nnunuH-
cKara cronuqa. flMaufiTa ]43AaBa 3ano-
BeA Ha CBOilTe BOtrCKil 3a OTTernflHe OT
MaHnna il npeMecrBaHe Ha BoeHHilTe
onepallilr4 e flysoH, Ho e MaHilna ocra-
Bar noBeqe or 20 000 eohnnqw u nona-
.qar noA o6cagara Ha aMepilKaHqnre, a B
KptBonponnrilflra 3aruBar oxono 60 000
gyrLrrrr. fuau:nTa HflMa Bb3MoxHocT Aa
noAAbpxa Bp'b3Ka cbc cilnuTe cil B cTo-
n[qara, eTo 3au{o Aopl4 il He noAo3ilpa 3a
cnyqBauloro ce raM. Cnope4 Maxaprup
o6aqe "fuaulnra npeHe6perBa BoeHHuR
cil Alnr KaTo KoMaHABau.l vl no3BonflBa
Ha xopara cn ga 4etlcrear no Bb3MoxHo
Hafi-xecroxnR Ha.{rHl' fuaulura e eK3e-
KyrnpaH vpes o6eceaHe. leHepan-nefr-
TeHaHT Xoua e noABeAeH noA HaKa3a-
TeflHa orroBopHocr 3acr6rrrRra oxono
raKa HapeqeHnn "floxoA Ha cMbprra
Ha SaraaH'l flpu roen ilHLlnAeHT 3aril-
Bar noBeqe or 17 000 gyurr, or o6u.qo
85 000 aMepuKaHcKr4 vr Svnvnnncxn
BoeHHonfleHHnqn. Xorrla He 3Hae 3a cny-
ttyrnoro ce. Tora e oceo6o4eH or 3aeMa-
Hilfl nocr u nbryBa o6parHo xtru f noHuR,
Koraro e npnBuKaH orHoBo e MaHrna
ilpa3cTpenflH oT HaKa3aTeneH oTpflA.
BcrrqHocr ro3il ffnoHcKr4 BoeHaqan-
HuK e eAuHcrBeHuRI xofrro no6exgaea
Maraprtp e 6nrxa n aMepilKaHcKr4nr
reHepan AaBa rbpxecrBeHa KnerBa npeA
Qvnvnuucxnn Hapo4, qe u{e ro ocbgrl
3a il3BbpueH[Te xecToKl4 npecTbnne-
Hun. Crnpyrara Ha Xoua, Oyqxuxo,4aea
noKa3aHilR B CbAa B KaqecTBOrO Cn Ha
cBilAeren na saL4nrara. TR ilHcrr4HKTr4BHo
yceqa, qe ro3r4 cr4e6en npollec e aKr
Ha oTMbu{eHile B TbpceHe Ha Bb3Me3-
Aue or crpaHa na Maxaprrp cnpnMo
neilnua cbnpyr. Bcil.{rn npoqecil, pbKo-
BoAeHil or Maxaprup, npeAcraBnffBar
npollecil, npn Koilro yAbpxanure
no6ega crtgnr no6egeHrre, a nzry6vt'
nilTe npueMaT cnpaBeAnnBocTTa, Bb3Aa-
BaHa or no6e4urenure.
r
In.IHocTure, Korrro ca [ocJraHrrrln
Ha Mr,rpa BbB BeKa Ha nofiHaTa
Maxaprtp Ka3Ba sa ce6e clr cneAHoro: "He ce cbMHrBau n 4eficrBvrflTa, Korrro rrpeArrpr{eMaM."
Tofi ranaa cIlJIHo caMoyBalreHl4e I4 yBepeHocr s co6crBeHrrre cu cr4rrzt. flprarexaBa r-opAocrraLr
4ocroftncrBoro Ha BoI4Ha krBrrluarn ce Abpx{r4 Karo ucrrrHcKr4 reHepan. Maxaprup npzrBilwraKaKTo
aMepI4KaHIIlITe, TaKa V CbC CktJrHO r43pa3eHara Cu vrE4vrBr4AyanHocT, Ho cbc cBor xapaKTep
'TIOHIII4Te
roit cu cleqerBa cbruo raKa HeManKo rrporrrBHLrrlz.

flupxaBHnf,T rnaBa, rofiro e o6err Ha Brr3xlrnqeHne 3a

rnaBHoKoMaH4Bau{utf Ha CrrpsHlnl4nre
l4nnneparop Xurpoxt/lro (1 901 -l 989)
3anucnre or pa3roBopl4re, Kotlro npoBexAar noMexAy cu Maraprr:p il uMneparop Xupoxraro, ce rpernpar Karo
AoKyMeHTil cbc
ceKperHo cbAbpxaHue il He ca ny6nnvno AocroflHre, Ho or "MennoapilTe" Ha Maxaprtp, ny6nvxyeaaw no-K'bcHo, KaKTo , or pa3rilqHil
Apyrr AoKyMeHTil craBa ffcHo, qe rMneparopbr 3aRBffBa cneAHoro: "Llnnara orroBopHocr 3a npoBexAaHero Ha eofiHara npilHaAnexyt
eA[HcrBeHo Ha MeH. lJ-le npreua BcnL{Ko, Koero ncKare or MeH Aa HanpaBF, Ho Monfl Bil ce, ocraBere xa cnoxoilcrBne Mofl HapogJ'
Maraprtp HaMnpa [3Ka3BaHero 3a Aocra BneqarnnBau4o. loeopu ce, qe Koraro yceu.la KaK ilMneparopbr e roroB Aa yMpe, 3a
Aa noHece
cBoflTa orroBopHocl Maxaprup peuJaBa Aa He ro npeBpbtla B npnqelt 3a cBoilre o6eilHeHun.
fltpeoHavanHo !4Mneparop Xttpoxrro e naqn$racr. Koraro craBa nptaeMHrK Ha npecrona na 25-roguuHa Bb3pacl
AoKocBa cbpqara Ha
xopara, nogvepraeafiKl,l 3HaqeHrero Ha cBeroBHnff tuup r 6narocbcroflHilero Ha BcLrr-lKLl qoBeuJKLt cbu{ecrBa 3a yKpenBaHe npocnep[Tera
Ha HaquflTa il AbpxaBara. OceeH roea HacbpqaBa npoBexgaHero Ha AunfloMaqnn Ha go6para Bonfi n npfiflTencK?rre
B3ailMoorHoueHrfl.
,Qeficreunra, Hacor'{eH[ rtu eofiHa, ca roqHo nporuBononoxHoro Ha roBa, KbM Koero ce crpeMr B cBoflra nonvtvtKail ynpaBneHile.
Mau4xypcruflr t4HtlilAeHr uloKupa ilMneparop Xnpoxrro. Cnope4 c6opHnxa
c pe'{n Ha ilMneparopa, Koraro rorz pas6rpa, ve e geficreurerHocrutHrjuAeHr-br e
B pe3ynrar or 4erlcreunra Ha flnoHcKara apMun, oKa3Ba HarilcK Bbpxy Mr4Hr4crbp-
npeAce4arenR TaHara fuvrtvt 4a noAaAe ocraBKa u Aa noHece orroBopHocr 3a
crt6urnRra. BoeHHoro KoMaHABaHe o6ave npo4rnxaBa Aa Aefrcrea no co6creeHo
ycMorpeHne, Koero AoBexAa Ao BbBnnqaHero Ha flnouuR e TuxooxeaHcrara
eofiHa. flpes qnnoro BpeMe ilMneparop Xrapoxr4ro ce orHacff Kpr4ruqHo KbM
geficreunra Ha fiocyre Marcyoxa, BbHueH MnHrcrbp no oHoBa BpeMe, Ho raKa t,t
He ycnflBa.qa Bb3npe qffnocTHt4fl KypC Ha enoxaTa.
B nnoueHra, e rorzro flnoHufl npileMa ycnoBuflTa Ha llorc4amcxara AeKnapallyrn,
ilMneparop Xtzlpoxrro HeABycMilCneHo pa3Kp[Ba orHoBo cBo[Te HaMepeHrR.
Koraro nopaxeHuero craBa Henl6exHo, flnoHcKoro npaBilTencrBo He e B
cbcroFHl4e noBeqe 4a 4eficrea peuj]4renHo, ero 3aulo ce o6prqa xru Xrrrpoxnro
aa "runeparopcKo peueHile". Cnope4 Xrpoxrro, "axo curyaqrrrra npoA-bnxaBa,
ro ffnoHcKrffr HapoA u{e ce il3npaBu npe4 nbnHa Karacrpo$a'i B pe3ynrar or
roea roi npaBil cBoero npoqyro pa4r,roo6prr4eHue, Hapeqeno ,'6pnnRHrHuR
rnac'l e Koero r.{ere uMneparopcKVnyKa3, c rofiro c'bBceM oQrqnanno ce o6ReRea
KpaffT Ha eofiHara. fltpeoro Heulo, Koero Xupoxraro npaB[, Koraro ce npeBp-bqa
or 6oxecreo B qoBeK cne4 eofiHara, e Aa noceru nvq+o BcilqKu nocrpaAalu
pafroHr,r. Tosu arr gaea Kypax Ha HapoAa, a cbqeBpeMeHHo il Ha cauuR Xrzrpoxuro,
3a Koero ce HaAflBa tA caMnF'r Maxaprtp. Toea, Ha Koero Bb3rara orpoMHr4
HaAexAil Xvrpoxnro, e cneABoeHHoro Bb3craHoBflBaHe il HanpeAbKbr Ha HaqilflTa.
Maxaprup e nilqHocrra, KoflTo cnorqenfl HeroBnre Bb3rneAn n BbxAereH[F.
^ IfiqHocrnre B chBhre Kapera ca npeAcraBeH[ B Ta3ff rnaBa.

AmepnKaHcKltf,T npe3n4eHT c aHTuKoMyHucrnqecKlr Brrsrne Atfi,

KOlrlTO e HerOB CIrnepHUtK
Xapra C. Tpymax (1884-1972)
Maraprup e oceo6ogeH or cBofl nocr rnaBHoKoMaH,qBau{ O6e4nHeHure cvnu orTpyuax no BpeMe Ha Kopeilcxara eofiHa. flprvnnnre
3a roBa ca pa3Hornacurra MexAy ABaMara u $axr4 ve Maxaprtp ce nporrrBonocraBn Ha nonurrKara na TpymaH e Koperlcxara eofiHa,
rrtpcefirn HenpeKbcHaro HaqnHil ga 6orvr6apgrrrpa xtnrailcrvt 6a:u, etnperil il3pt4qHilTe AupeKrHt4 3anoBeAil Ha npe3ilAeHTa, KaKTo r Aa
opraHta3npa HaBnn3aHero Ha rafteaHcra apMur BbB BbrpeuHocrra na Kraratl.
Pa3nuquure rneAHla TorlKu Ha TpyruaH u Maxaprrp no orHoueHne Ha eofiHara cbu]ecrByBar ou.le or caMoro tit Haqano r HaMupar u3pa3 B
pa3nilqHara creneH, B KoRTo BceKu eArH or rFX ilMa xenaHue Aa eo4r 6op6a. 3a TpyruaH peuJaBaulnre rHqilAeHrvr ce cnyqBar npe3 eceHTa Ha
1949+a, roAuHa npe4ur ua6p<eaHero Ha Kopeilcxara eofiHa, B xpan Ha cenreMBpl4 Ctaercra Pycun o$rrrqrrranHo o6seRea, qe npilrexaBa aroM-
Ho opbxue c rlen or6paHa cpeuly Aruepuxa. OceeH roea ua 1 oxrouepu ce cb3AaBa orpoMHa KoMyHvrcruqecKa AbpxaBa - Kwrah. Amepuxa
e nprHygeHa HanbflHo Aa npepa3rne4a HaqiloHanHara cr noflilTnKa sa or6paHa n Aa ce 3aMrcrl4 orHocHo HaquHnre, no Kor4To Moxe Aa ce
cnpe pa3uilpflBaHero Ha KoMyHl43Ma e AgrR. Maxaprup noAxoxga rrrvr Kopeicxara eofiHa Karo KbM yHuKaflHa Bb3MoxHocr 3a npeMaxBaHe
u or6nrcreane Ha cilrfiTe Ha KoMyHr43Ma e AanR, a TpyrvraH ce oKa3Ba B noroxeHue Ha qoBeK, xofiro rpn6ea Aa npeKparu geficrernra Ha
Maxaprtp, Koyrro cMffTa 3a Hepa3yMHr4 u xparirxrrr, O6nrHoeeHo porfira Ha BbpxoBeH rflaBHoKoMaHABaq ce
n3nbrHflBa or aMepnKaHcKnR npe3il,qeHr, Ho Maraprup npilTexaBa 6ercnopeH BoeHeH onrr B cpaBHeHne
cbc cBofl Br4culecroflt{ t4 qecro npene6perea 3anoBeAilre, r43AaBaHu or Br4cuJecrotttqure. Aocra qecro ce
flbpxr4 raKa, cflKau camrRrrofi u3nbnHflBa AnbxHocrra npe3uAeHr,
Or roslt MoMeHT HacerHe TpyrvraH npoMeHff ponnTa cil or cynepBarZaop Ha Maraprup B HeroB ononenr. B
gerlcreurenHocr Maxaprup npaBu onilTna craHe KaHAilAar or peAilLlilTe Ha Peny6nrraHcKar:a naprun B npe3il-
AeHrcKure uz6opvr nper 1 948 r. il Aa yqacrBa B HagnpeBapara 3aegHo cbc cBofl onoHeHT or ,QemorparrqecKara
naprnn TpyuaH. Ho ertnpern 3aBilAHara nonynrpHocr cpeA aMepnKaHcrun Hapog MaKaprbp nperbpnflBa Heyc-
nex Eo BpeMe Ha nbpBytr.tHhre vz6opn u onvfivre MyAa qraHe aMepnKaHcKr4 npe3ilAeHT 3aBbpuBar c Heycnex.
Maraprtp ra Tpyrraan unnar o6aqe o6qa vepra. lzl 4eamara ca 3aKneril aHrvrKoMyHtlcrr. B rpy4Hnn cneABo-
eHeH nepro4 TpyMaH HegBycMucneHo o6RegBa cBofiTa aHTuKoMyHr4crrqecKa AoKTpilHa n cnupa eKcnaH3vtttra
Ha crfiilTe Ha romyHusma. ToBa e HeroBo orpoMHo nocrrlxeHile, c Koero ocraBa B ncroprflTa Ha qoBeqecrBoro.
 Eueunrr rnaBHoKoMaHABar4, xorhro noExox<Aa noBeqe 3a
npe3uAeHTcKl/tf nocT
flyafir fl. Aftrenxayep (1890-1 9691
flonynnpnranr cpeA cBol4re c'bHapoAHt4ql4 34-rv no pe4 aMepilKaHcKil npe3rAeHr, Hoceq npo3Bfiqero "ArZx" (npe:ra4eHrcKt4flr My MaHAar
e B nepfloAa 1953-1961 r.), e unHanoro pa6orn B aAMuHr4crpaqilflTa Ha BbpxoBHoro rnaBHo KoMaHABaHe no BpeMero, roraro Maxap6p
noeMa nocTa Ha BbpXoBeH rflaBHoKoMaHlqBau.l Ha aMepnKaHcKara apMun. Koraro Maxaprup craBa BoeHeH cbBeTHilK Afieenxayep
craea
rfiaBHoKoMaHgeaq.,{eavrara pa6ornr sae4Ho o614o ceAeM roAl4Ht4. Ho ganra ce pa:6rpar nouex4y cra? Orroeoptr
e "He'l ocnoeHara npilquHa 3a roBa e xapaKrepbr Ha Maraprup. Tora o6ra.{a Aa ynpaxHnBa Bracrra cv u HvtKora
He ce BcnyuBa B cBo[Te cbBerHilt-Il4, ocBeH ToBa BVHaftA ycnrBa Aa ce oflpaBAae, npexB-bpnai(xu euHara za
co6creenrre cta rpeuKyr Ha ocraHaflrre. Ero aauqo Ara:eHxayep He ro xapecBa oco6eno.
l'1per 1938 r., BTopara roAilHa cneA Karo Maxaprtp craBa BoeHeH cbBerHilK,
$tan4nwncxwar npe3ngeHr
KesoH ece noBeqe ce onacflBa, qe nflau{aHilflTa BbB BoeHHyrfl 6lc4xer Aocrilfar eAHa qerB'bpr or
A-bpxaBHuF
6ro4xer. Bunperra cb3Aanara ce ctaTyaqilF Maraprup cMflTa, qe HoBocb3gageHara HaqiloHanHa
QununnHcra
apuun rpn6ea Aa npoBe.qe rbpxecrBeH napaA no yn[Llure Ha crorrqara Maunna, xoero 6r nogeicreano
crilMynilpaulo Bbpxy Mopana Ha Hallurra. Ai:euxayep ce nporilBonocragfl Ha ro3yt nnaH Hafr-eeqe no
QuuaHcoen nptA'4tAHtA, Ho Maxaprr:p u31aBa 3anoBeA 3a Haqaflo Ha noAroroBKara Ha napaga .pat6npailrct3a roBa,
Ke:oH nacroRBa npnroroBtteHuflTa ga 6ugar cnpeHr. Maxaprup e pa3rHeBeH or 4eicreunra Ha ArireHxayep ra
3aflBFBa, qe HrKora He e r3AaBan 3anoBeA Aa ce npaBfr nogo6Hr,r nraHoBe. Bcilqro roea BnouaBa nonoxeHuero,
a no-KbcHo Atl:eHxayep o6flcnsea, qe"e3aruoorHouleHilffTa MexrqyABaMara HilKora He ce B'b3craHoBflBar cneA
cnyqilnoro ce". He cneA Abnro 3anoqBa u Bropara cBeroBHa eofiHa fi Arl:eHxayep ce 3aBp'bqa e fenepanHun
r4a6, aa Aa 3anoqHe c'b3AaBaHero Ha nllaHoBe 3a rrHBa3rfl e Eepona. Craea xouangBaq aMepuKaHcKara apMilF B
Eepona u 3acraBa Har{eno Ha AecaHTa e Hopmaugrn. il3BecreH ou.le Karo ",4eHs A" nnn"Hah-pvnnrn
fleH,i Cneg
eotlHara 3aeMa nocra rnaBHoKoMaHABau{ crnrre Ha CeeepHoarnaHruqecKnfl naxr HATO, a npe3 1953 r. yvacrea
e na6opure 3a npe3uAeHr. Totit HenpextcHaro rbpcr4 HaqrHn Aa no4Al pxa Mnpa KaKro no BpeMe Ha Kopeficxara
eofiHa, TaKa il B noflnrilKara cn na "mopxoBa u npbqKara"cnpnuo creercxr4R curog.

Sorrrr Ha ceAMoro l/r3l(ycrBo, BneqaTrf Battl reHepana,

3ananeH no KUTHOTO
flxon OopR (1894-t 973)
Maxaprup o6oxaea KnHoro. flo epeue Ha cBoF npecrotl e fnoHun qecro ueAa
$nnvlr c.ne4 Beqepfl, c r43KnpqeHne Ha He'enHure AHu.
Hatz-HoeureSunnwceil3npaqar.qoaMeprKaHcKoronoconcrBoeToxuo,aHeroBaracbnpyra us6ttpar3Mex4yrflxrelu,routoto;t6rxape-
can. Maxaprup cn naAa no rqpaMaruqHilTe eKUbHr4, u HarZ-eeve yecr-bpHilre, xaro oco6eHo Bb3xyru{eHre
n3nvrBa KbM eAilH KoHKpereH pexucbop. lzlmero my e,{xon Oopg. TorZ e c 14 ro+vnn no-mna4 or MaKaprbp,
eTo 3aqo il ABaMaTa npnHa.qnexaT KbM eAHO 14 Cbt4o noKofleHue.
Marapn>p e poAeH il tr3pacrBa ets Qopr e pro3anaAHilTe rl.larta, Kol4ro ca cqeHa Ha gerZcrere B HeMaflKo
yecrbpHl4. Toea e enoxara, pa3KpilBaqa vcroptl+ra Ha aMepilKaHcKt4ff 3anaA, qtarro repuropt4u
npecenHfi-
qrre pa3uupflBar Bce noBeqe Ha 3anaA. MecrHoro KopeHHo HacereHre ilHguaHqnre, xilBeflr B nycroura
-
il3BbH npeAefiure Ha $oproeere u qecro Bnil3ar e xoH$nurr c BoeHHure, HaMrpau{u ce BbB
Qoproeere.
,QxoH Oopg cb3AaBa peAilqa yecrbpHfi, rro6parnear4u arrvrocQepara Ha oHe3u AHr, r43BecrHa oqe Karo
"Ayxa Ha npecenHilqnre".Tofi pexucnpa 3arnaBilFra "lpo:4oeere Ha rHeea" (The Grapes
ofWrath), "Mon
crr:na KneuuHrarlH" (My Darling Clementine), "Oopr Anauu" (Fort Apache), "Tn Hoceu:e xura naugenra,,
(She Wore a Yellow Ribbon), "Puo l-paHge" (Rio Grande) il MHoro gpyrw.llri6vvrQunn
cpe4 rnx:a Maxap6p
e "TR Hoceule xlrra naHAenxa" (She Wore a Yellow Ribbon). Koraro lxoH {Dop4 qyBa 3a peaKqilflra Ha
Maxaprup no orHoueHre Ha Srnua, il3pa3eHa c.qyM[re: "He uoxex 4a orKbcHa norfleg or erpaHa',, u:nur-
BaofpoMHo Bb'lHeHyte.
Cneg saapuulaHero Ha Maxaprtp e Auepr,rxa npes 1952 r.v3nv3a"MtnqanilerRr" (The euiet Man),
Sran-
Mbr Ha [xoH Oopg, c roilro neqerr qerBbpra HarpaAa "Ocrap":a Hafi-go6pa pexucypa. flo-xlcuo npes
1956 r. pexncrapa "Cne4orupcavure" (The Searchers), c,{xoH YeraH e uraBHara ponfl, cMffraH sa Hafi-4o6prn
Qrnru, xotZro npaBil. l-1pes 1962 r. cb34aBa xuuoreop6ara "9oeexq, xofiro racrpen n llu6tprn BanrHc" (The
Man Who Shot LibertyValance). Bcravxn $vinnvr xa,[xon Oop4 curaopnear oco6eHa arnaocQepa r ca cbB]p-
ujeHr KuHoueAboBpl4 B cBofl xaHp, ero 3au{o pexilcbop'br c npaBo Hocyt npo3Bt4u{ero "6or Ha yecrrpHnre".
 Ilpervrurepbr fllrKTarop, lrr3gnrHar or o6nKHoBeH nocpe4HlrK Ao
paBHonocraBeH naprH bop
llJurepy fiouuga (1878-1 9671
LlJr,rrepy ilowuga e MilHucrbp Ha BbHurHilTe pa6orr B npaBilrencrBoro cne4 eorluara, ofiaBffBaHo or npeMilepa Xwrawvtxyuvt
Happ<raro. lrlueHHo rori opraHil3upa n'bpBara cpeula Mexgy Maxaprup il r4Mneparop Xupoxrro. llpe4r eoiHara ilor.urga e AunnoMar cbc
cilnHo n3pa3eHu npoaMeprKaHcKr4 n npo6prraHcKfr Bb3rneAfi.,{oxaro 3aeMa nocra Ha nocflaHilK e O6e4vrnenoro KparcrBo, rorZ npocrHo
ce npol4BonocraBr Ha cKnroqBaHero Ha TpncrpaHHilfl naKT Mex4y HaqrcrKa lepuaHrn, lAranwn r fnoHcxara nMnepur. lzlueHHo nopaAh
il3pa3eHoro Hecbrflacne e oceo6ogeu or 3aeMaHilfl Aun.noMaruqecKil nocr. OceeH roea K'bM Kpafl Ha eorzHara ce onvtrBa Aa Bb3craHoBl4
Mtapa 3aeAHo cOyrurmapo KoHoe, aapagr Koero e apecryBaH or rarlHara BoeHHa norur-14fl. lzfuvrenno aapaAil Aefrcreilnra cil a MilHanoro roti
e u:6pan or Maraprup 3a nocpeAH[K u 4eficreaqo nuqe BbB B3auMoorHorueHuflra Mex4y leuepanuun
' :*r{[ ula6rRnoHcxaracrpaHa.
Tlounga e npnBtpxeHuK Ha reopuflra, ve 6op6ara rpn6ea 4a ce ur6nrea, oco6eHo Koraro
rMa rorrMa BepoflrHocr rR Aa 3aBbpruil c nopaxeHue. l1o BpeMe Ha cpeu.lara Mexgy Maraprtp n
uMneparop Xupoxrro, rofr He npe4flara Kareropr4r{Ho npoAbnxaBaHe cbqecrByBaHero Ha cilcreMara,
B LleHrbpa Ha Koffro crou ilMneparopbr, Ho no3BonflBa Ha Maxaprtp ga pa:6epe npeABapilrenHo
KaKBa orpoMHa non3a 6v vr'tano or roBa Aa ce 3ana3u cerauHara cucreMa Ha ynpaBfleHne, npeAu
o6aqe Aa pa3Kpile oqapoBarenHara nuqHocr na Xupoxrro. Moxe Aa ce Kaxe, qe uMeHHo re3u
geilctetaa flonptaHacflT 3a 3ana3BaHero Ha cucreMara, B]npeKr4 ve Qrrypara Ha nMneparopa B HeF
no-cKopo ilMa cl4MBonrqHo nprcbcTBl/le.
Cneg aorinara iAowvga 3aeMa ner nopeAHil nbru nocra Ha MilHr4clbp-npe4ceflaren u craBa il3BecreH
Karo npeMyrep'br Ar4KTarop. Axo rpn6ea Aa ce onuue noflilTuKara, KoflTo BoAr4 c ABe AyMr4, ro onilcaHilero
6n aeyvano raKa: KoHcepBaruBHa npoaMepilKaHcKa il aHrvrKoMyHr4cr4qecKa nonvrt Ka. Tofi ce orHacfl
KbM BoAaqnre Ha cuHAuKarlaTe Karo xuu 6ernpaeHil xopa, Koero ril npuH)DKAaBa Aa nnaHilpar eceo6qa
Haq[oHanHa craqKa. Carvr no ce6e cra Wownga npurexaBa KoHcepBarilBeH xapaKTep. O6r4ara qepra BbB
Bb3rne4rre, Koyrro cnogennr Maraprtp u lAowwga, ca KoHcepBarnBHara nonurnKa r aHTilKoMyHr43Mbr.
howvtga noAnilcBa MilpHr4fl AoroBop or RnoHcKa crpaHa tA crvMynvpa cb3flaBaHero Ha co6creeHta cunv 3a
or6paHa Ha ocHoBara Ha 6ileuara HaquoHallHa xaHAapMepilF. 5er npeyeenvrqeHue Moxe Aa ce rBbpAr4, qe
cne4BoeHHa fnoHrR e Aeno Ha Maxaprup vhowvga.
Koraro Maraprup yMilpa npe3 anpvn 1964 r.,ilownga npilcbcrBa na norpe6eHrero, BbnpeKil qe e Ha
npeKnoHHara 86-ro4uurHa Bb3pacl 3a Aa 3acBuAerercrBa cBoflTa noqur il yBaxeHre xrtu Maxaprup.

O6pe.reHnrr norutrlru& qlrtf,To cbfl6a ce HaMnpa B pbqere Ha

l'enepa nHnf, u{a6
Oyrunmapo KoHoe (1891-1 945)
flonpaexrre Ha KoHcrnryquflra Ha flnoucrara ilMnepilR ca eAilH or Haft-eaxnure Bbnpocn npu cbro3Ht4r{ecKara oKynaqua.Ha 4 AeKeMBpyt
1945 r. Maxaprup ce cpeqa c BvrqenpeMuepa e ra6uHera Ha XnrauuxyHu Happ<rxo, Oyurarrnapo KoHoe, 3a Aa npe4noxu peBn3ilfl Ha KoHcr4-
ryLlilrra. CamnRr Kouoe cnanra, qe nMeHHo rofi e re6pax Aa ce 3aHuMaBa c ro3r4 BaxeH Bbnpoc, Ho Ha cne4Baqilfl geH xa6muerrr Ha Happ<rxo
noAaBa ocraBKa u rofi eeqe He e MilHr4clbp B npaBurencrBoro. Onurea ce Aa cb3AaAe npoeKT 3a KoHcr[ryqufl 3aeAHo c t43r'bKHarrfl opt4cr
e o6nacrra Ha KoHcl4TyqroHHoro npaeo Cacaxr Cyr,rvra. Buecro roea o6aqe Maxaprup HaroBapBa c KoHcrilryqiloHHnre npoMeHil xa6rHera
llJttgexapa, xoitro e npileMHuK Ha npaBilTencrBoro Ha Xnraww<ynw Happ<rro. UJu4exapa Bb3nara 3agaqara Ha cneqilanHa KoMr4cr4fl, KoflTo
3anoqBa Aa noAfoTBF npoeKT3a nonpaBKa B ocHoBHl4F 3aKoH Ha AbpxaBaTa.
B pa:rapa Ha regu cr6uruR, na 19 orcrouepil BecrHr4K "MauHu.t4" u3mA3a c'bc crarilfl, B KoflTo ce rB'bpgt4 cne,qHoro: "Bcuqrn npu3Ha-
BcurtKr4
ttatr BnlTa Ha KoHoe sa eofiHara. 3aqo nonpaeKure Ha Koncrrryqrnra e flnoHilR ce r43BbprrlBar or raKbB qoeer?'l OceeH ecilqxo ocraHaro B
aileplrcrHcKoro o6qecreo ce Ha4rra BbflHa or KptATrAKw cBbp3aHa c orroBopHocrra 3a npecrbnfleHufl npe: eorlHara, a HacrpoeHrflTa cpeqy
Konoe noc-reneHHo pacrar. Maxaprup e npnHyAeH fla npeAnpileMe Hesa6aeHil 4eficrenn B orroBop Ha HerarrBHilre o6qecreenil Harflacr.
leHepa.r'rHnrr qa6 o$nqnanHo o6Renea, qe Kouoe Beqe He B3eMa yqacrue B npoeKTa 3a nonpaBKa na KoHcrrryqvfrTa, Ho caMilflr KoHoe ue npe-
rucea pa6omra cnn Aopn noKa3Ba cBoR nnaH Ha rMneparopa. Crgrpxanuero Ha HeroBvlff npoeKre nogo6Ho Ha oprrilHalrHr4Te nraHoBe, Kovrro
npaen Maraprup, Ho leHepanHunr qa6 npeHe6perea npeAnoxeHilero il BMecro roBa il3gaBa 3anoBe4 3a apecra na KoHoe, noe4urarlrur cper4y
Hero o6euHexug B u3BbpurBaHero Ha BoeHHu npecrbnneHufl.
flpe4r eofrHara Koxoe:aema rpr nbryr npeMrepcKrlfl nocr il ce cMRTa 3a eAilH or nog6ygnrenure cKwah. Brrnpexra qe e 6egno-
Ha eofiHara
MouleH cpeqy Mou{r-a Ha BoeHHnre Bnacru, rofi ce nagRea 4a u:6erHe eoftHara c Annepnra c noMou.lra Ha nocneAHvr nperoeopu. Tofi gopu ra ne
cu npeAcraBn, qe eAuH AeH u{e 6rAe o6qeeH 3a BoeHHonpecrbnHilK ero 3au.lo nornbl4a orpoBa B Hoqra, npe4il Aa 3acraHe npe.q cbga.

EI
IeHepaJrET, mofiro rroBelmAa uflra eAHa
AbplmaBa rro rrsTn Ha rraunQusMa
d
Maraprtp npaBLI onllT Aa Bb3craHoBrr flnonux Karo AbpxaBa, B Korro ce 3arrr4Tar rleHHocrlrre ,
fr
\&,ql

Ha AeMoKparJtrflTaLrMr4pa r4 Ko-sro Hr4Kora rroBeqe HrMa Aa rroBeAe sofiHa. IoAo6na Abp)KaBa s

.n

H{Ma Apyr'ilpeqeAeHT B r4cropvrflTa, Ho BcuqKr,r Meqrrr 3a cb3AaBaHero fi cneAsa Aa ce

ailarfikrput c orrreA HaAl4raHero Ha KoMyHkrcrr4qecKure Abp)KaBrr cne4 u:6yxBaHero Ha
Kopeficxara eofiHa I{ ceplro3Horo nporr4BorrocraBf,He Me)KAy r43TorrHrlr vr 3arraqHur narep.
Ayxrr ua ll.u6epaJll{3Ma o6aue, ua rofiro Maraprrp Bb3Jrara orpoMHrr HaAe)r{Ar4, ce rpeBpbrrla
B ocHoBa sa cNaafisanloro Bb3craHoBrBaHe Ha.fl[oHcKara AbpxaBa B r4AHrrre roArrHr4.

.{rpxana 6es nofiHa

/^TKnIOqBAHETO HA MI{PEH AOTOBOP c qecTBo cvtfypHocr, cKltoqeH Ha cbu.lt4fl AeH - Beqe

lr--rFnoHrs il 3aBplu.laHero Ha crpaHara B MexAy-
HapoAHara o6qnocr ce npeBpbqar e xparlHa rlen
n nocnegHa 3aAaqa :a Maxaprrp, Ho cneg Hero-
eoro oceo6oxAaBaHe or AnbxHocr aHraxilMeH-
ThTe ce npexBbpflRT B p'bqere Ha cnequanHilF npa-
TeHrK Ha npe3ilfleHTa, cbBerHuKa e ,{rpxaeuun
AenapraMeHT ,{xoH Oocrtp ,[rnec, xorZro e Haro-
BapeH cbu.lo TaKa c noAnucBaHeTo oT aMepilKaH-
cKa crpaHa Ha MupHnn AoroBop c fnosus. Caurnr
Maraprup He nonyqaBa noKaHa 3a qepeMoHr4-
flra no nognr{cBaHero, Konro ce npoeexga e Cau
OpaHqucxo Ha 8 cenreMepra 1951 r., BbnpeKn qe
cbA'bpxaHuero Ha AoKyMeHrnre - Mupuun 4oro-
eop c fnonun r loroeopa 3a cbBMecrHo cbrpyAH14-
tA
e cbtflacyBaHo Mex.qy Hero, ,{tnec t,t ffnoHcKr4fl
npeMnep Wowwga, flperoeoprare 3a cKnroqBaHe Ha
MrpeH AoroBop cflnouna 3anoqBar npegfl BbBnfl-
qaHero Ha Maxaprtp e Koperlcrara eoliHa.
lzl ruaxap qe e eorlHnr no gyula, rorl ce npol4Bonoc-
TaBfl Or CaMOTO Haqano Ha npoA'bjrxl4TeflHara oKyna-
qrn Ha flnonwa, npe4noqrraHa or Mt4Hr4crepcrBoro
Ha or6patara na CreguHeHnre ularil. BMecro roea
reHepanbr 3acraBa B noAKpena Ha nraH aa 6tpao
nocTilraHe Ha Milpa, KoeTo cbBnaAa c HaMepeHilFTa
Ha ,ftnec. llo-xlcuo Maraprup He e c'bilaceH c nna-
HoBere Ha ,{tpxaeHrn AenapraMeur r BoeuHoro
M'4HilCTepCTBO Aa 3ana3flT npucbcrBileTo Ha aMepn-
KaHcKt4 BoeHH[ qacril Ha repilTopt4flTa ua fnogutR

^ BoeHHoMopcKl4sr xoxeori:a .,: :i::i

cauoor6para sa flnounr "KypaMa':

Cnope4 xnxou flnoHnF npnrexaBa
uafi-moqHara cauoor6paHa e ceera.

,( Maxaprrp ce npnHyxAaBa Aa
npoMeHn 3Ha'{uTeJIHo npoeKTa cn 3a
l&*;-:.,,+,o.." Bb3craHoBfl BaHe ra fl norua :apa4n
r:6yxaarero na KopeficKara BofiHa.
 "He3asucurmo or BclrqKo na f nonnn rpn6ea Aa ce RaAe Bb3MoxHocr Aa
npoflbrxn no nbTf KrrM Mupa B 6u4eu4e."

Aopr{ cneA cKnrorrBaHero Ha Milp. Heroeara qen e r4KoHoMnqecKa Moul. Cnopeg Hero HalliloHan-
nbnHo pa3opbxaBaHe aa frnouwn, Ho or n"bpBoc- Hara xaHAapMepiln, cb3AageHa or Maxaprup, 6ra

TeneHHo 3HaqeHme 3a fnoHcKoro npaBilTeflcrBo e Morna Aa ce il3nofl3Ba B KaqecrBoro cu na or6pa-

TfxHoTo xeflaHile 3a cKopoulHo nocrilTaHe Ha Milp Hr{renHa cnna e KopetZcrara eorZna.
u 6tpeo 3aBpbqaHe o6parno Ha MexAyHapoA-
CK,rroqsaHero Ha Mr{peH AoroBop
HaTa cqeHa, eTo 3au{o ynpaBrrfiBaulnre KpbroBe B
c .flrroHufl u srroHcKure cr{JIIr 3a
ffnoHrR npileMar pa3nonafaHero il 3ana3BaHero Ha
caMoor6paHa
aMepilKaHcKr4 aAntA Ropt4 cjreA noAnilcBaHeTo Ha
MilpeH AoroBop crc CAI!. Crc cxnnqeaHero Ha ABara BaxHil AilnnoMar!4-
lulr6yxeanero Ha KoperTrcxara eoirHa npoMeHF qecKil AoKyMeHra -,floroeopa 3a Milp n ,Qoroeopa
nlraHoBere Ha Maraprup 3a pa3op'bxaeaHe. B 3a snoHcKilTe crAnn 3a cauoor6paua - crpaHara
HaMepeHnflTa Ha,[tnec Blil3a He caMo 3ana3Ba- e npilera o6parno B MexAyHapoguara o6lrlHocr,
*> HeTO Ha npoAbnxnTenHo npilc'bcTBile Ha FnoH- Ho no-KbcHo o6qecreenoro MHeHr{e ce pa3Aenfi
cKa TepilTopr4q, Ho B'bopbxaBaHe Ha cTpaHaTa. Ha ABe. Cnope4 Knay3nre na Mupuun AoroBop c
l:lf!'1.i'v.;,,' ' tA

Ha 25 nuyapu 1951 r. lunec noceulaBa flnonvn fnoHvrR B crpaHara ce pa3nonarar aMepNKaHcKr4

3a nopeAeH nbT r ornpaBfl ilcKaHe npeMnepbr BOeHHil CVilV, KQTATO Ule Ca B CbCTOflHile Aa nOA-
lAowwpa Aa pa3peufl pa3noflaraHero Ha BoeHHrl Abpxar cilrypHocrra e Anoaua cpeuly BoeHHa
6lsta Ha ocrpoBilre Ppxro (OxrHaea) u Oracaeapa. 3anraxa or rperil AtpxaBil. He ctqecreyea o6aqe
' flo epeme Ha npoBe4eHara cpeqa sa o6ctxgaHe ncHo 4e$rHnpaHa nocraHoBKa 3a cb3AaBaHero Ha
,;r*na.r3il Bbnpocn c ,flrnec r,r Maraprup, il0wnga flnoHcKa or6pana. l-lpe: 1960 r. ce cSopnnrapa gera-
. QJKa3Ba .Aa n3nbnHil npeAJroxeHilero 3a yKpen- xeHile sa 6op6a cpeuly cKnpqBaHero Ha MilpeH
.,' BaHgrHa flnoHcKilre cnnn c AoBoAa, qe crpaHara AoroBop c flnonvn, Koero pa3rnexga AoKyMeHra
",,iHe npuTexaBa K'bM MoMeHTa HyxHaTa 3a qenTa KaTO HeCnpaBeant4B tA eAHocTpaHq rB.
. ,:i-:1i,::

- CneA noAnucsaHero Ha Aoroeopa or CaH OpaHqrcxo RnoHufl

ce 3aBpbr4a B MexAyHapoAHara o6ulsocl no:apagr florosopa :a
cbBMecrHo cbrpyAHuqecrBo u curypHocr, cKnoqeH Mex4y flnoHxF
u C-uegnnennre avepffKaHcKt4 qaru ct,rr1ilfl AeH, B crpaHara
ocTaBaT aMepuKaHcKil BoeHHtl cilnil.

gt(1* *
t
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y:n#,
i*';-1il !
1
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b:!i'$ 4 \
i's
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xA ,l
 roH ri, Bbn peKLl npoTecTH fi Te AeMOHCTpaqilr, AoroBo-
ptr e oAo6peH v Bnv3a B cmrra.
Ha no-x-uceu eran MexaHL,43Mr,4Te Ha cbqfiF AoKy-
MeHT Ce yKpenBaT Llpe3 AOn-bnHilTeneH aHeKc,
c-bAl,pxaul HacoKr/ 3a c'bTpyAHL,lqeCTBO B O6nacrra
Ha or6paHara, noAnficaH npee 1999 r. r c noMot!-
Ta Ha KOiTO norfiCTr4qHaTa noAKpena oT cTpaHa Ha
Anepnxa npra4o6rzraa npaKl4qecKa oina" 3a pa3-
nvKa or pa3opbxaBaHeTo, Bbpxy KoeTo Bt,3flafa
HaAexAyr Maxaprrp, BoeHHoro c-brpyEHi4qecrBo
MexAy flnosms u Anepuxa ce 3acL,trrBa oule noBeLte.

fl uoncxoro cr'reABoeHHo uKoHollr{qecxo

qyAo ce oKa3Ba AorrT,,rIHrrTeJ,rHa Hafpaxa
Ma xa plup n poBexAa rp14 ocHoBH r,4 1,4 Ko HoMl,j Ll e-
cKil peQopMt4: arpapHa peQoprraa, pa3nycKaHe Ha
":ar6aqy" 11 Hac-bpqaBaHe OopMrlpaHero Ha o1H-
^ lB oH/ 1960 L nporecrHilAeMoHcrpaq// Ha 6nfi3o 330 000Ayuil NAKarv. Bcnqxu re3il AetZcrBl4F He ce oc-blllecr-
apeLly AoroBopa 3a cbBMecTHo cbrpyAH/qecrBo il cilrypHoct BFBaT C qen OCrlrypFBaHe Ha ycnoBVF 3a pa3BM-
Tr4e Ha flnoHcKaTa vKoHoMt4Ka, a ce nnaHilpaT c
PearaupaHoro npepnoxeHne e loroeop 3a B3a- qen MuHt4Mr43l/lpaHe Ha uaHcoBeTe oT noBTopHO
L4MOCbTpyAHl4qeCTBO/ a C-bAbpxaHileTo My FcHo B-bBnfiqaHe Ha crpaHara B-bB BoeHHr{ 4eficrern.
Ae$r,rurzpa ponffra Ha aMepTtKaHc Kvre cvtttl e cnyvarZ Maxapr-up HacoqBa cBol/Te yctAnnn Kbr/ arpap-
aa tAHBa3nF B TepilTopt4nTa Ha ffnoHLaR. OceeH roea nara peQopl,ra, 3al4oro nonoxeHr4ero raM e cepil-
aMepr,4KaHcKure cIAnv Morar Aa il3non3Bar 6a:ilre e o:Ho, oco6eHo c-bc c-bulecrByBaHero Ha $eo4anHLl
Fnonun 3a noAAbpxaHero Ha Mt4pa t4 o4rypHocrra nopflAKri. Tora enpea, qe flnounR HaxrryBa B Apy-
a lareuHnR il3ToK, a e cnyvarZ qe re37t 6a:ra ce npe- ftATe a3t/larcKtl At,pxaBil/ 3aUIOTO MeCTHOTO npOt/t3-
B-bpHar e o6exr Ha araKa, Te atnt4re Ha ABere Abp- BOACTBO e HeAOCTaT'bqHO pa3Br4TO ilMeHHO 3apaAil
xaBil qe ce o6e4runr. llporneonocraBFHero cpeqy
Qeo4annmre B3arMoorHoueHilF MexAy 3eMe-
HanpaBeHoro npegnoxeHile Aocru4ra 6esnpeqe- BnaAenqtzTe ,4 cefiflqecrBoro. OcBeH ToBa cnopeA
AeHrH[4 pa3Mepn c npe3yMnqilflra, ve no4o6ra cre- Ma xa prup Han ilL{ r4ero Ha orpoMHll Lt KoHoMt4LlecKr4
neH Ha cbBMecTHO ClrTpyAHilLlecTeo 6n mznpaetana KoH rnoMeparil orpa H Li qa Ba 3a nJtaula Hero Ha pa60-
orHoBo ffnoHNR npeA B-b3MoxHocrra 3a nopeAHo rer4ilre, npeepuqaftxil B-brpeluHyin na3ap B cna60-
BbBflNqaHe B-bB BoeHHr4 AeilcrBnt. Bunperr Bcr4L{Ko pa3Bill a KoMnaHilrlre HacoqBaT norreAa cil KbM
ra 19 uafi .l 960 r. a lonHara KaMapa Ha aMepr4KaH- anrepHaTr4BHV na3apv e Aails ,4 noAKpenFT r/tle1ra
cxrn KoHrpec e o4o6peH loroaop 3a c-bBMecrHo 3a eKcnaH3MF.
cbrpyAHilqecrBo t4 crlrypHocr Mexgy flnouun n Pa:nycxauero Ha ":ara6aqy" l/ HacbpLlaBaHero Ha
Clegmueurre aMepr/KaHcKl,4 rqarr/t B pe3ynrar or ctAH ArAKa n HVTe O p ra H 3a 14 noATl/ KBa Ha n peAb
14 r_.lt4 Ka
qereHacoqeHa cTpaTerilfl tA TaKrtAKa, npoBexAaHa B pa3BilTilero Ha ycnoBilFTa 3a pa6ora, yBenrlLlaBa
oT ynpaBnFBau.lrltTe KpbroBe. Meceq no-xucHo, pa 1g o6cera Ha FnoHcKt4F B'brpeueH na3ap fi npeMaxBa
ili*@!l-S P
:,&rr.:.
'r#"'-.i li.i'.

. :i;h;,.,; :.

_4

Soes camoner r:nvta ot Kwtn

Xoyx ra nrr KbM nocrorHHara
cr 6a:a e npilcraHilrl1ero
ly'oxocyxa e Kasaraea.

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^ YcnoBilrra Ha AoroBopa 3a
cbBMecrHo cbTpyAHilqecTBo il
cilrypHocr MexAy flnoHrfl r CAll-l
ce pa3urpsBaT B cbBMecTHa
AeKnapaLlilfl no BpeMe Ha
3aKn0qfr TenHaTa cpeula MexAy
Knrnrtg u XauilMoro, KoFTo ce
npoBexAa npe3 'l 996 r CQepara
ua or6paua ce pa3unprBa or
AanecHilfl r:rox rtm A:rg r
TilxooKeaHcKilF periloH.
,( PeOopMilre Ha MaKapftp
AeMOKparr3ilpaHe Ha nKoHoMnKaTa
ce npeBpbqar a nrar$opma
3a nocneABauloro cneABoeHHo
fr noHcKo ilKoHoMilqecKo qyAo.
v UepeMoHuF npu 3aBbpuBaHe
Ha BoeHHara axa4emmn e Yecr
noirHr. MaKaprbp He npecraBa
ga o6uva yve6noro :asegenre
npe3 Llenrg cil xnBoT, a entTHilre
o$uqepu B aMepilKaHcKara apMilF
ca Bb3fnraHilqt Ha cbuioro BoeHHo
yqrnnule il AHec.
iirl'!:' .'ii:i:ia';
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to,
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Heo6xoAr,4Mocrra FnoHvrF Aa 3aBnaAFBa
)KABil B A3Tfl.
HeoqaxgaHvtre 14 cneqilarHrl Hy>A<At/,
Kopericrara BoirHa, ca noAo6Ho Ha "6oxecrBeH
BFTbp'f Kot4To c'b3AaBa npeAnocraBKr Bc/qKu cno-
MeHarr peoopMil Aa rpaHc+opMilpar no eAilH qyAo-
AeeH HaLrnH crpaHara. cenRHnre, Kot4To Beqe ca cra-
Hanm 3eMeBnaAenq/, o6pa6oraarqra 3eMflra noA-
Abpxaulil $eprvrra, ilMaT cllnHa MoTtlBaqtlfl Aa il3rpax-
Aar co6crBeHara cil ilKoHoMt4qecKa Moul. Te ce npe-
Bp-bLuaT B'bB BaxHa crpaHa Ha cMafiBaulrF cneEBoe-
HCH ilKOHOMI/II-]CCKil 6YM B flNOHL4F B KOHCYMAqTflTA
Ha croKr4. Hapaoranoro norpe6neHtle B-bpBt4 p-bKa 3a
p-bKa c noBilrxeHilff craHAapr Ha xr4Bor Ha pa6orHTl-
qecKaTa Knaca. ocBeH ToBa noFBaTa Ha KoHKypeHlll4fl
MexAy KoMnaHil|/tre cneA pa3nycKaHero Ha foreMilTe
14 KoH OMil qecKvr f pyn il poBKt4 "3a ll6a qy" reHepl/1 pa oule
no-roflflM pacrex L4 cbqecTByBaHeTo Ha floroeop
3a cbBMecTHo c-bTpyAHilqecTBo l/l cfirypHocT MexAy
flnowttn il C-beAilHeHnre aMepilKaHcKtt qarm ocl4-
rypflBa HanrLlileTo Ha MilHfiManeH BoeHeH 6r,cgxer
C uucr,r 3a A3ilr
Koraro ce pa3rnexgar nocrttxeHrtRTa
Maxaprr'p Karo BoeHeH, He rpn6Ba Aa ce 3a6paBfl,
3a qe cb6rlTr/flTa, cBt'p3aHil c aTaKmTe l/l 3aul/TaTa no
BpeMe Ha Koperacxara BofiHa, pa3AenFr nouyoc-
rpoBa Ha ABe qacrri. AKo Maxapilrp 6el|e nperbpnfln
Heycnex B 6rirKara npil l/lHqeoH, qenuFr Kopeficrr
nonyocTpoB uleue Aa ce npeB-bpHe B KoMyHtlcTvltle-
cKa A-bpxaBa. or 4pyra crpaHa cbulecrByBa MHeHt4e,
qe aKo HacroflBaHero Ha MaKaprbp 3a Bb3AytuHvl
6orvr6ap4rapoeKil HaA CeeeporrroueH Kltrari (0ax-
TOp, AOBen AO HeTOBOTO OCBO6OXAaBaHe OT
Hocr) 6rl nonyqilno pa3peueHile 3a oc-bqecrBF-
BaHe, Llenilflr KoperTrcxra nonyocrpoB 6vt6wn
r:
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%
Apyril Abp-
KotlTo nocraBF
il
^ Flpe: rcHr 2000 r nillepilre na Cesepua u lOxHa Kopen ce cp-:
3a nbpBr ntr cre4 6nn:o 52 rogruno npeKbcBaHe or cb3AaBaNer:
Ha Aaere nonrrfiqecKV cnrv. Ha KopeicKrff nonyocrpoB ce nocraa:
ocHoBrTe Ha Aranofa.
nil6epanHa A-bpxaBa. l/tcruua e o6ar.le, qe AMepl,lKa
n-bpBa 3anoqBa yxacflBau.lara ooaH3ilBa Ha ceBepeF'
BmerHav B XaHoir no BpeMe Ha BotlHara, Koflro ry6t,i.
YcneruHara crparerilF Ha MaKapr-bp 3a "noAcKo-
qilTe Ha xa6ara" fi AetlcrBt4FTa crbnKa no crbnKa
Ha cBbp3aHil c aTaKa Ha npoTt4BHt4Ka oT3aA il orKbcBa
HeTO My OT KaHaflilTe 3a AOCTaBKa, He npopa6orBa
B KOHTr4HeHranHa A3ilF. CaUrRr reHepafl oc-b3HaBa
To3il 0aKT noBeqe or BCeKri Apyr. Tota c-bBerBa Bc14LlKL,i
cneABau"ll4 aMepilKaHcKr4 npe3ilAeHTtl LlaK Ao CM-bpr-
ra crl "Hl,4Kora Aa He il3npaulaT aMepilKaHcKtA ctArt4 Ha
6orZnrre nonera B A3nF" - ypoK, Koitro HayqaBa ro
BpeMe Ha Kopeficxara BofiHa. MaKapr-bp tlMa 6nuzxr,
B3ar4MOOrHOUreHfifl C A:rn npe: qenIAF <u xr4BoT, a
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