PreAp Geometry, Curriculum A

Fall 2017

Algebra review
Properties of numbers
a a a a a a a
1 ; a 1 1 a a ; a (1) a ; ; a a (a)
a 1 1 1 b b b

b ab b
a (a) (a) ; a (do not confuse with the improper fraction a , for example the
c c c
2
expression 4 (which is the product of four and the proper fraction) is not the same as the mixed numeral
3
2 2
4 (which is one number and is the abbreviation of the sum 4 ))
3 3
1 1
Reciprocal numbers A and B satisfy the equation A B 1 or A , or B ; if = , then
B A

= .

1 1
Opposite (negative) reciprocal numbers A and B satisfy the equation A B 1 or A , or B ;
B A

if = , then = .

Algebraic expressions
The reflexive property A=A; the symmetric property if A=B then B=A; the commutative property of addition
A + B = B + A and the commutative property for multiplication AB = BA; the transitive property (substitution)
if A=B and B=C then A=C ; the associative property for addition (A + B) + C = A + (B + C) and the
associative property for multiplication A(BC ) = (AB)C; the distributive property A(B + C) = AB + AC

Geometry
UNIT 1
Topic1, Lesson 1-1, 1-2, 1-3
Main terms: a point, a line, a plane, a ray, a segment, an angle.

Section 2.4
Main postulates (axioms)
There is only one line passing through two points
There is only one plane passing through three points
Two lines intersect at only one point
Intersection of two planes is a line
If two points belong to the plane, then the whole line belongs to the plane
There is only one line passing through the given point and parallel to the given line

Unit 1, Topic 5, Lesson 5-1

Measure of the segment
Length of the segment (distance); units of length; Segments Addition Postulate; formula for the length on the
number line L x2 x1 or L x2 x1 if x2 x1 ; the formula for the length on the coordinate plane
L ( x2 x1)2 ( y2 y1)2 ; for points A x1, y1 and B( x2 , y2 ) the midpoint is
x x2 y1 y2
M 1 , ; distance between a point and the line.
2 2

Unit 1, Topic 1, Lessons 1-2, 1-3

Types of Angles: a degree as the measure of the angle, Angles Addition Postulate; a round angle, a straight
angle, a right angle, an acute angle, an obtuse angle. Making measurements of angles with the protractor,
clockwise and counterclockwise scales. Drawing angles with the given measure with a protractor. Drawing
congruent angles with a protractor and with a compass. Angle bisector. Drawing the angle bisector with a
protractor and a compass. Angle Addition Postulate.

Angle Addition Postulate

Lesson 1-4
Pairs of angles: vertical angles, conjugate angles, complementary angles, supplementary angles, linear pair.

Unit 1, Topic 3, Lessons 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 3-7, and 3-8
Angles made by a transversal: corresponding angles, alternate interior angles, consecutive angles; theorems
about parallel lines theorem about corresponding angles, theorem about alternate interior angles, theorem about
consecutive angles

Parallel/Perpendicular Lines: Slope of line

vertical _ change y y2 y1 y1 y2
m ;
horizontal _ change x x2 x1 x1 y2
The equation of a line in the slope-intercept form y mx b ; equation in the point-slope form
y y1 m( x x1) ; the equation in the standard form ax + by = c; slopes of parallel lines are equal m1 m2
1
; slopes of perpendicular lines are opposite (negative) reciprocals m1 m2 1 or m1 ; the equation
m2
of the line with a given slope and passing through the given point A ( x1, y1) is
y y1 m ( x x1 )
Unit 1 , Topic 4, Lessons 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4-4, 4-5, 4-6, and 4-7
Properties of Triangles: types of triangles - a scalene triangle, an obtuse triangle, an isosceles triangle, an
equilateral/equiangular triangle, a right triangle; triangle inequalities a b c a b ; Interior Angles

Property 180 mA mB mC ; Exterior Angle Property; Theorems about congruent triangles
SAS, ASA, AAS, SSS, LA, HA, LH.

Section 4.7
Isosceles and Equilateral triangles: Property (theorem) of the altitude, the median, and the angle bisector in the
isosceles triangle; property of the base angles, angles in the equilateral triangle, property of the hypotenuse in the
30 right triangle.
Unit 1, Topic 5, Lessons 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 5-6, 5-7, and 5-8
Special segments in a triangle: an angle bisector, and altitude (a height), a median, a perpendicular bisector;
points of concurrency the centroid (intersection of medians, the center of gravity), the incenter (intersection of
angle bisectors; it is the center of the inscribed circle), the circumcenter (intersection of perpendicular bisectors;
it is the center of the circumscribed circle), the orthocenter (intersection of altitudes); property of the centroid (2:1
rule)

POINTS OF CONCURRENCY IN TRIANGLE

CONCURRENCY OF ANGLE BISECTORS

Angle Bisector Theorem

Converse of the theorem

 INSCRIBED CIRCLE

CONCURRENCY OF PERPENDICULAR BISECTORS (section 5.3)

A segment, or ray, or a line that are perpendicular to the

segment at its midpoint are called a perpendicular
bisector.

Definition:

PERPENDICULAR BISECTOR THEOREM

CONVERSE OF PERPENDICULAR BISECTOR THEOREM

CONCURRENCY OF PERPENDICULAR BISECTORS OF A TRIANGLE

 CIRCUMCENTER AND CIRCUMSCRIBED CIRCLE OF A TRIANGLE

PROPERTIES OF PARALLELEOGRAMS, Unit 1, Sections 6-1, 6-2, 6-3

Parallelogram is a quadrilateral with opposite parallel sides. A diagonal of the parallelogram

makes two congruent triangles. Opposite sides of the parallelogram are congruent. Opposites
angles of the parallelogram are congruent. Consecutive angles of the parallelogram are
supplementary. Two diagonals of the parallelogram bisect each other.