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Cardiovascular System:! Heart (Chapter 20) !: Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. 1 SCCC BIO132 Chapter 20 Lecture Notes
Cardiovascular System:! Heart (Chapter 20) !: Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. 1 SCCC BIO132 Chapter 20 Lecture Notes
Pulmonary circuit: !
Heart (Chapter 20)!
! right ventricle !
Lecture Materials! ! ! lungs ! !!
! left atrium!
for!
Systemic circuit: !
Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D.! ! left ventricle !
! ! body ! ! !!
Suffolk County Community College!
! right atrium!
Eastern Campus!
Arteries = away from heart!
Primary Sources for figures and content:!
Veins = toward heart!
Marieb, E. N. Human Anatomy & Physiology 6th ed. San Francisco: Pearson Benjamin Capillaries = exchange vessels in between!
Cummings, 2004.!
Martini, F. H. Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology 6th ed. San Francisco: Pearson
Benjamin Cummings, 2004.!
Four Chambers:!
2 Atria: !
-superior, thin walls, !
! smooth posterior walls ! ! !
! internally, !
! pectinate muscles (ridges) anteriorly !
Heart!
External divisions:!
Coronary sulcus marks division between atria
! and ventricles!
2 Ventricles:!
-inferior, thick walls, lined with trabeculae !
! carneae (muscular ridges)!
-left and right separated by interventricular !
! septum!
Congestive heart failure - decreased pumping Fetal Heart (adapted to bypass lungs)!
! efficiency (diseased valves, damaged ! -Foramen ovale !
! muscle), blood backs up, fluid leaks from ! in right atrium, !
! vessels and collects in lungs and tissues! ! ~25% of blood bypasses !
! directly the left atrium, ! !!
Blood Flow Through The Heart ! ! closes at birth leaving scar !
! (on handout)! ! called fossa ovalis.!
- Ductus arteriosus connects !
! pulmonary trunk !to aorta, !
! ~90% of blood bypasses !
! lungs, !
! closes at birth leaving the !
! ligamentum arteriosum!
Failure of either to close = poor oxygenation
! of blood, cyanosis, blue baby syndrome !
Heart Beat!
-1% myocardial cells autorhythmic: ! !
! depolarize without neural or endocrine !
! stimulation!
-depolarization transmitted to other ! !
! myocardial cells through cardiac ! !
! conduction system:!
! Sinoatrial (SA) node -!
! !right atrium wall ! ! !! -cells of nodes cannot maintain resting !
! !near superior ! ! membrane potential, drift to depolarization:!
! !vena cava! ! !SA node 80-100 action potentials/min!
! Atrioventricular ! ! ! !(natural pacemaker)!
! !(AV) node - ! ! !AV node 40-60 action potentials/min!
! !inferior portion of ! -Resting rate (sinus rhythm) ~75bpm set by !
! !interatrial septum above tricuspid valve! ! SA node + parasympathetic stimulation!
! Conducting cells: AV bundle, Bundle !
! !branches, and Purkinje fibers: connect
! !nodes and myocardium, run down !
! !interventricular septum and around apex!
(Fun fact?: Lifespan theory 800 million beats)! T-wave = ventricle repolarization ~160ms!