IPR for Gas Wells

References:
1. Gaswell Testing David A.T. Donohue, Turgay Ertekin
Basic Equation Gas Flow in Porous Medium
0.703x10 kh P P
6 2 2
q Derivation of Darcys law for gas in
r wf

re
sc
radial flow.
g TR Z ln 0.75
Similar single model as mentioned
rw in Darcys Law for Oil flow is also
used in this derivation
0.703x10 6 kh
C The first equation on the left is
r Darcys Law for gas flow
g TR Z ln e 0.75
rw In this equation the main
assumption is the gas flow is

q sc C Pr2 Pwf
2

laminar
The unit of variables:
Pr : reservoir pressure, psia
Pwf : flowing bottom hole pressure, psia
Z : gas compressibility
re : draiange radius, ft k = permeability, md
rw : wellbore radius, ft h = formation thickness, ft
qsc : gas production rate, MMSCF/d TR : reservoir temperature, oR
C : performance constant of well
 Gas Flow Equation Turbulent Flow
Based on empirical observations,
Ideal Laminar Flow Rawlins and Schellhardt modified

q sc C Pr2 Pwf
2
the equation, by adding the
exponent n that shows
deviation from the ideal flow
behavior.
Refer to the equation for non-
ideal condition, the relationship

q sc CP P
2 2 n of qsc vs (Pr2-Pwf2) would develop
r wf straight line in a log-log plot.
The slope of the plot would be
Non - Ideal Turbulent Flow
equal to 1 in laminar flow, and
less than 1 in turbulent flow.
The values of C and n are obtained The minimum value of n is 0.5
using test data
Back Pressure Test
The first method of test to
determine productivity of gas wells
is Back Pressure Test
The diagram on the left show how
the test is conducted
The first step, the well is shut in
until the pressure in the reservoir
reach reservoir pressure
Then the well is produced at certain
rate (by applying certain choke
size), the test is run until obtain
constant production rate. At this
flow period the bottom hole
flowing pressure is measured
The above procedure are repeated
4 times, and the result could be
plotted in log-log paper.
Isochronal Test
The procedure is quite similar to
Back Pressure Test, unless in
isochronal test, the well is shut in
before changing the flow rate.
The production period and shut
in period are conducted at certain
period of time, and this step is
repeated 4 times, at different
flow rate.
This test represent transient
conditions
At the end of test, prolong
production test is conducted to
obtain stabilized pressure. This
test show stabilized deliverability
line
Isochronal Test Plot

Flow Test Pwf Q Pr

hours psia MMscf/d psi
Shut in 2200.00 0.00 2200.00

6 1892.00 2.80 2200.00

6 1782.00 3.40 2200.00

6 1647.00 4.80 2200.00

6 1511.00 5.40 2200.00

C = 4.29 x 10-6
n = 0.94
AOF = 8.25 MMscf/d
Modified Isochronal Test
Similar procedure to Isochronal
test is conducted, unless the
period time of production and
shut in are conducted in the same
time. The test are concluded by
conducting extended flow rate.
The data interpretation is similar
to isochronal test, unless the
value of Pr is taken from the data
at every shut in condition.
 Modified Isochronal Test
Time of Pwf, psia Flow Rate Remarks
Test (hrs) MMscf/d
14 2000.00 0.00 Shut in
10 1842.00 4.00 Flow #1
10 1982.00 0.00 Shut in
10 1712.00 6.00 Flow #2
10 1960.00 0.00 Shut in
10 1511.00 8.00 Flow #3
10 1913.00 0.00 Shut in
10 1306.00 10.00 Flow #4
26 1072.00 10.00 Extended
n = 0.76 Flow
C = 0.000124
68 2000.00 0 Final Shut
AOF = 12.91 MMscf/d In
Thank You