Valves April012

VALVES
Dr.M.E.Kassab /Eng. M.Ajmal

Department of Mechanical Engineering technology
YANBU INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE
VALVES TYPES & FUNCTION
VALVES
Valves FUNCTION OF VALVES
On-
On-Off Service
Throttling (Regulating) Service
Prevention of back flow
Pressure control (Control Valve)
Dr.M.E.Kassab / Eng.M.Ajmal
YIC/ MET213 / Dr.Kassab/ YANBU INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE VALVES 3
Valve Materials
1. Bronze
2. Cast iron
3. Steel
4. Stainless steel
5. Monel
6. Brass
7. Plastic
8. glass
Factors that affect the selection of valves
1. Pressure-temperature ratings.
2. Corrosion resistance requirements.
3. Thermal shock.
4. Physical shock.
5. Line stresses.
6. Fire hazards.
Valve Basic Components
VALVE BODY + ACTUATOR
=
CONTROL VALVE!
Types of Actuators
Diaphragm Electric
Piston Hydraulic
ON OFF SERVICE
Gate valve.
Gate Valve :-
:-
ON Off Valve ,Used in:

1-Water.
2- Oil.
3- Gas
4- Steam
And Other Fluid Services.
Wedge gate valve and parallel slide valve
Gate valve 2.
GATE VALVE
Sliding disk, perpendicular to flow
Applications:
Stop valves, (not throttling), high pressure and temp, not for
slurries, viscous fluids
Advantages
low pressure drop when fully open, tight seal when closed,
free of contamination buildup
Disadvantages
vibration when partially open, slow response and large
actuating force
Plug valve (on-
(on-off) or Cock low-
low-pressure
Similar to a ball valve except that a cylinder is used instead of a sphere
More expensive but more rugged than a ball valve
Require more torque to turn but still easy to actuate
Can be used as a three-way valve, too
Plug valve (on-
(on-off) or Cock
Plug valve Applications
Gas and liquid fuel
Water.
Extreme temperature flow
Boiler feed water.
Low Pressure Steam .
Corrosive Liquids and Gases
BALL VALVE
Ball Valve (on-
(on-off)
Sphere/ball with a port in a housing, rotate to expose channel.
Applications: Flow control, pressure control, shutoff, corrosive
fluids, liquids, gases, high temp.
Advantages low pressure drop, low leakage, small, rapid
opening
Disadvantages seat can wear if used for throttling, quick
open may cause hammer
Ball Valve Quarter-
Quarter-Turn
Hydraulic systems .
Water .
Air.
Oil .
Petrochemical .
High volume, high pressure and high

temperature flow .
THROTTLING
(Regulating) SERVICE
Globe Valve (High pressure & value )
GLOBE VALVE
three types (globe, angle and Y), disc or
plug moved perpendicular to flow and
closes on a ring seat. Throttling, general
purpose flow control valve
Advantages
faster than gate, seat less wear and tear,
high pressure drop for pressure control
Disadvantage
high pressure drop, require considerable
power to operate (gears and levers),
heavy
Globe Valve.
Globe Valve Ops.
Needle Valve
Fine accurate flow Cont.
Butterfly Valve
Flow Control
Low Speed
Both Side flow
Rotating disk on a shaft, in a
housing
Low pressure,
large diameter
leakage is unimportant
Advantages low pressure drop,
small and light weight
Disadvantages
high leakage,
high actuation forces
so limited to low pressures
DIAPHRAGM VALVE
Very simple
Plunger and hand-wheel often used to apply
pressure to diaphragm to form seal; may be
actuated pneumatically and electrically
Often used for corrosive, slurry, radioactive
and sanitary services
CHECK VALVE
Prevent reversal of flow
Activated by flowing material
Closes by the weight, back pressure,
spring, or combination of these
split disc check
Split disc check valve operation
lift check valve (Recommended for Vapor service)
Swing check valve (liquids)
installed horizontal & vertical
Swing check valve Ops.
Piston check valves
Ball check valve (for heavy fluids)
installed horizontal ,vertical & angle
Pressure Relive valves
SAFETY VALVE/RELIEF VALVE
Relief and safety valves prevent equipment damage by

relieving accidental over-pressurization of fluid systems.
The main difference between a relief valve and a safety
valve is the extent of opening at the set-point pressure.
The reset pressure is lower than the actuating

pressure setpoint. The difference between the
actuating pressure setpoint and the pressure at which
the safety valve resets is called blowdown.
safety valves and relief valves
Safety valve :
Used with compressible gases .steam and air services .
Relief valve :
Used in liquid systems. as pressure overspill devices .
Safety relief valve :

used either for liquid or compressible fluid.
Safety valves can often be distinguished by the presence of an external

lever at the top of the valve body, which is used as
an operational check.
Pressure Relief Valves
Releases excess pressure to protect system.
Use with Gases & Vapors & liquid.
Open Full at once at set pressure.
Outlet port larger than inlet port.
Never adjust whilst in service.
Pressure Relieve valve (safety valve) for clean air
Releases excess pressure (clean air)
Safety valve - liquid applications, opens in proportion to the Pressure
Conventional Spring Loaded Safety Relief Valve
Control system would normally consist
of the following components:
Control valves.
Actuators.
Controllers.
Sensors.
SOLENIOD VALVES
Electrically operated
Valve plug is held in place by a spring
When power is applied, the current draw through the
coil generates an electromagnetic force that opposes
the spring and changes the plug position.
When power is taken away, the spring returns the plug
to its normal position
ELECTRIC CONTROL
Valve positions
Superimposed Back Pressure
Pressure in discharge header before valve opens
Can be constant or variable
Orifice plate
Valve Selection Essentials
Valve failures, replacements, repairs, downtime and lost

product can be greatly minimized by selecting the right valve,
the first time.
So how do you assure you are selecting the right valve?

There are basically 3 avenues:
1. Evaluate your system criteria relative to each valve type.

2. Utilize the expertise of a consultant .
3. Utilize Valve Selection Software Programs.
The following criteria should be considered to assure you
select the right valve, the first time:
Process Parameters:
Flow
Pressure
Temperature
Chemical Compatibility:
Media
Concentration
% of Solids
Specific Gravity (sg)
PROCESS REQUIREMENTS:
On/Off versus control service
Allowable leakage rate
Cleanliness
Emissions Control
Available space and structural considerations
INDUSTRY REGULATIONS
Cost of Ownership

Valves April012

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VALVES

Dr.M.E.Kassab /Eng. M.Ajmal

Throttling (Regulating) Service

Prevention of back flow

Pressure control (Control Valve)

2. Corrosion resistance requirements.

VALVE BODY + ACTUATOR

ON Off Valve ,Used in:

Gas and liquid fuel

Extreme temperature flow

Boiler feed water.

Low Pressure Steam .

Corrosive Liquids and Gases

High volume, high pressure and high

Fine accurate flow Cont.

Prevent reversal of flow

Activated by flowing material

Closes by the weight, back pressure,

spring, or combination of these

Relief and safety valves prevent equipment damage by

The reset pressure is lower than the actuating

Safety relief valve :

Safety valves can often be distinguished by the presence of an external

Releases excess pressure to protect system.

Use with Gases & Vapors & liquid.

Open Full at once at set pressure.

Outlet port larger than inlet port.

Never adjust whilst in service.

Releases excess pressure (clean air)

Pressure in discharge header before valve opens

Can be constant or variable

Valve failures, replacements, repairs, downtime and lost

So how do you assure you are selecting the right valve?

1. Evaluate your system criteria relative to each valve type.

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