Evaporation and Evaportation

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V 1o
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/h
11
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36
-
. . .
1 3. 3
nm 7 / da y
'
13 73 .
E v a 7
p o r a tio n lo b s t o r o n e w e e k x 1 5 1op
=
i00
3 3
= 1 442
. 10 m . 1 44 2
. m illio n m
'
u o ) R o h tu e r s
e q 1 a
E - 0 77 1
. (1 4 6 5.
-
0 00 0 7 3 2
.
P) (0 4 4 . + 0 . 0 73 3 4 V ) (e . -
0 . 71 ( 1. 6 5 -
7 4
0
. 0 0 7 32 7 5 2 ) (0. 4 +0
0 4 . 7 33 4 2 5
0 .
- 17 5 . n m t/d a y .
17 5 .
6
Ev a p o r a t io n lo s s fo r o n e w e e k = 7 1 5 10
0 0
6 3 3
1 84 . 10 m = 1 84 . m illio n m
\o ) L ak e M ead e q tw t io n
E = 0 0 3 3 1 V (e .
.
-
e
.
) [1 -
0 03 ( .
-
T]
- 0 033 1
. 2 5 . 3 (2 2 4 3 .
-
11 6 2 ) (1
.
-
0 03
. 2)
- 8 51 . m m /d a y
'
8 51
.
Ev a p o r a tio n lo s s f o r o n e w e e k = 7 15 1 06
0 0
6 3 3
= 0 894 . 10 m . 0 894
. m iu i o n m .
7 4 2 W
. . a b e r B a a n c e M e th o d
th e id e a l w a o f e s tim a t in g e v a p o r a tio n fr o m an y w a te r b o d
y su ch as a
a k
y
to n e n ts o f i n f l o w tflo w aq d s to r a
m e a s u r e th e v a o u s c o m
p o
, o u
ge an d to a
E is th e e v a
p o r a t io n fr o m th e w a te r b o d y
T R is th e tr a n s
p
ir a t io n lo s s e s fr o m th e w a te r b o d y if , an y ,
52 is th e s t o r a g e a t t h e e n d o f th e t im e in t e r v a l .
A ll th e se
q u a n d t ie s n m t b e e x r d in u n i ts o f v o lu m e (
p e ss e
o v e r a re fe r e n c e a r e a . E q (7 7 ) . . can b e re a rr a n
ge d to ta k e th e f o r m
e =
(s, -
s + p + (v .
-
v s
) + (v b
Pr ho it is
a c ti c a ll
y , w e v e r, d iffi c tl t t o a d o p t th is a p p ro a c
m e a s u r in g v a r io u s te r m s , e s
p e c ia ll
y th e q u a n t it ie s V , V a n d T R
gi .
S tu d i e s u n d e r c o n t r o ll e d c o n d it io n s o n so m e a k e s
J e ld e d f a ir l

b y th is m e th o d .
7 4 3. . E n e r
g y
B a la n c e M e th o d
in is m e th o d , a ls o k n o w n a s th e e n e r8
y b u d
g e t m e th o d , is s in i
w h e r e th e c o n s e r v a t io n e q u a t io n is a
p p lie d to e n e r
g y in s t e a d o f m
o n a u n i t s u r fa c e a r e a s a
y o n e s u a r e c e n t im e tr e th e e n e r b a l
,
q ,
g y
w h e re Q i
- th e in c o m in
g s h o r tw a v e s o la r r a d i a t io n b o th d ir e c
Q. - th e n e t en er
g y
a d v e c te d in to th e b o d
y o f w a te r b
y
r a in f a ll , in flo w , o u t flo w , s e e p a g e e tc .
Q ,
-
th e r e fle c te d s h o r tw a v e s o la r r a d ia t io n
Q b
- th e n e t o u t
g o in g lo n
g w a v e r a d i a t io n
Q, -
th e e n e rg y u t ilis e d in ev a
p o r a t io n
Q .
- th e e n e rg y c o n d u c te d an d c o n v e c te d fr o m w a te r
th e s m s ib le h e a t
Q .
- th e e n e r g y s t o r e d in w a te r .
Th e r a ti o o f Q, to Q, is c a ll e d th e B o u e n
'
s r a tio a n d is d
re p la c e d b y R .
Q. in E
q
.
(7 9 ) If E is
.
th e e v a
p o r a t io n
.
in cm , p is th
is th e la te n t h e a t o f v a p o u r is a t io n o f w th
a te r , e n Q , is a ls o e u a l to
q
in E q . (7 9 )
. a n d s o n e r e a r r a n
g em e n t, w e o b ta in
n d V
e rc u r y a
in n un o f m
d e a r e
w h ere E .
is in n n /d a y , e .
A n
,
ca l i
ab o v e
a n d w h ic
h is o f p r a c ti
w h ic h o c c u r s
n o m u y
I t is c a s e (i
th e fo r m
e q u a t io n s h o u ld b e o f
E = C . r (1n
1 (e -
e
,
)
n
u r th a t e x is ts
'
r e s s u r e o f th e
th in h n o f v a po
w h ere e is th e v a p o u r p
,
u re
o s s ib le t o m e a s
y im
.
is v ir tu a u p
a s s T r a n s fe r A p p
ro a c h
M
7 4 5 c
. . o m b in e d En e rs y
-
B u d ge t a n d
b a la
a s s b a la n c e o r t h e
e n e rg y
e n t e o f e ith e r th e m
li
n e d a ta e q u ir e m
e a p
it e concerned b u t th e r e s u l t s c a n n o t b
e v a p o r a t io n a t a p a r tic u la r s
f ir s t u t ilis e d th e b e s t f e a t u r e s o fen e rg
u lt y p e n n a n
o b v ia t e t h is d if f ic
is f o r g e
ro a c h e s a n d d e r iv e d an e o u a t io n fo r e v a p o r a t io n w h ic h
ap p
e te r s t h a t c a n b e m e
n u m b e r o f m e te o ro lo g ic a l p a r a m
u se s a lin i te d
e th o d is n o w r e s e n te d
o f th is m
.
d e s c r ip t io n p

TJ
cT"
-
r. T
Tem p e ra tu re
C T
R E 7 I Sa . t u ra t e d va
p o u r p re s s u re c u rv e .
N 13
Ju ly 15 th
= .
F ro m T a b le 7 . 2, fo r a la tit u d e o f20 N o n
20 . 0 2725
.
Q, Q, - ' " . 55
5)
0 . 6
958 a 27 26 + ,
= 564 4 2 .
13 2 .
Qb (0 5 6 .
-
0 09 .
! 0 l+ . 0 . 9

T = 2 73 + 26 = 299 K
1 18 9 4 4 0 9 299 4 (0 5 6 0 0
-
Qb 1 x -
- .
. .
= 950 66 . 0 23 2 4. 0 . 6 18 2
2
- 1 3 6 c a l/c m
Q
Q i (1 -
r)
Qb
5 6 4 4 2 (1 .
-
0 05)
.

2
= 399 62 . cal /c m
4 09 8 eS
=
2
(2 3 7 3 . + t )
4098 33 . 608
1 987
. m b

/ C
2
(2 3 7 . 3 + 26
)
l 987
.
- = 1 494 n m o
l 35 o f m erc u r
y/ c
.
'
L .
597 3 .
-
0 564
. t
-
59 7 3 -
0 56 4 2 6 5 8 2 63 6 c a l/
, . -
g
. .
P 7 52 n n o f m e r c u r
y
fo r an y m o n th is th e n c
T he o te n tia l e v a o tr a n s p ir a t io n
m o n th l y p p

pET = 1 6 b.
)
w h e r e a is a n ex p o n e n t g iv en b
y th e e
qu a tio n
a - 6 75 . 1 7 3
1 -
7 71 . 1 0. 5 2
+ 1 . 792 121
an d b is a f a c to r t o c o r r e c t f o r u n e q u a l d a y le n g th b e t w e en m o n th s . Th e
th e e x
p
r e s s io n
b -
p o s s ib le s u n s h in e h o u r s f o r t h e
pa
12 3 0
(o r 3 1
)
The ev a
po tr a n s
p ir a tio n g iv en b
y E q (7 4 0 ) w . . ill b e in cm /m o n t
The T h o r n th w a it e e
qu a tio n s u f fe r s fr o m th e sa m e li m it a ti o n
e u a t io n a s it c o n s i d e r s te m
q p e r a tu re a n d d a
y lig h t ho u rs a s th e o
e v a p o t r a n s p ir a o n H o w e v e r, it is
g iv
.
fo tn d to e r e a s o n a b le e s t im a t
c o n tin e n t a l c lim a te o f N o r th A m e r ic a w h e re
g in
it w
y de
a s o ri a 1
te m e ra tu r e an d r a d i a ti o n
g ly
p a re s tr o n c o r r e la te d In o th e r
p a r ts o f
.
been le s s s u c c e s s l . N e v e r th e l e s s it is
, m o re w id e l
y u se d b e c a u s e it i
Ex a Jm p \ e 7 . 7 T he
. m e a ?t m o n th t
te m
p e r a tu r e s in
o
y c at
p ta c e o f
a
D ece m b er a r e 1 6 6 1 8 5 , 2 3 3 27 6 2 8
4 2 5 8 , 24 4 2 3
.
, .
.
, , .
8 , 2 3 5 , 2 3 6 20 2 a
.
, .
.
, .
th e e u a p
.
o tr a n s p ir a th n a t th is , . .
p la c e f o r th e m on t hs o fM a an d N
y ou em b er
So l u ti o n The co m
.
p u ta ti o n
.
o f m o n th l
y h e a t in d ic
a n n u a l h e a t in d e x I is f o u n d e s sh o w n
to b e 1 2 0 . 072 .
w h ee Qo is th e d a il y s
f c lim
fr o m a s e r ie s o
C is a c o e f fic ie n t d e r iv e d
o f ev a p o r a t io n in m m ,
in m m / d a y S p e c ific a lly
.
C = CT C
H
C
W
C
S
C
E
The c o e f fic ie n t s in E q .
(7 4 3 ) a r e
. e v a lu a te d u s in g th e m e te o r
c o e f fic ie n t C r th e h u m id i ty c o e ffic ie n t C th e w in d coefficient C
an d th e e le v a o n c o e f fic ie n t C a r e g iv e n b t h e f o llo w in g e q u a t io
E y
'
C .
- 0 393
. + 0 . 5592
) . 0 . 04 76
C
c .
- o To8. * o . 3276
) -
o o36.
in w h ic h T is t h e m
c E
-
o 97 . + o . o3
)
e an d a il
y te m p e r a t u r e in

c
w . is th e r e la t iv e h u m
c e n t, is th e m e an d a il w in d
y v e lo c it
y in km /d a y a t o . 6 m h e i
g
s u n s h in e h o u r s
g iv e n b y
(f . 1oo
, a n d E is th e e le v a t io
n a b o v e m
p la n ts
ir a n ts
ch e m ic a l a n tit r a n s p
(iu ) B y a p p l) n g
r e ta r d a n t m
ie r s o r w a te r
-
b a r r
(o ) B y pla ci ng w a te r t ig h t m o is t u r e
t h e c a t c m en t w
h ic h in c
u s e c h a n g e s in
(u i) B y a p p r o p a te la n d
th r o u la n d u s e c h a gh
th e a tte m ts o f r e d u c in g e v a p o t r a n s p ir a t io n
p
o s s ib le r e la te d s id e e f e
c ts s u c a s M g h ra h
o n l y a e r th o r o u g h s tu d y o f p
f lo w
peak .
R EV
EW EX ER C
SES
D e s c r ip t iv e Q u e s do n s
r a t io n
1 . D is c ts s th e f a c to r s a f f e c tin g ev a po .
2 . D e s c r ib e v a r io u s m e th o d s o f e s t im a t in g e v a po r a t io n fr o m w a te r
'
D r a tio n e u a t io n fo r o en w
3 . e r iv e th e P e n m a n s e v a
po q p a te r s u r f a c
e q u a tio n f e r s fr o m th e o t h e r e m p
ir ic a l e u a t io n s
q .
4 . D e fin e p a n c o e f f i c i e n t . D is c ls s t h e r e a tiv e m e r i ts a n d d e m e r its o f
pan s .
5 . D es ib e th e IS I s ta n d a r d ev a
p
o r a ti o n
pan w ith a n e a t s k e tc h . I
fr o m U S W B d a ss A la n d
p an ?
6 D e s c r ib e h o w th e e v a o r a t io n is n e a s u r e d u s in a tm
.
p g o m e te r s .
7 . D is c u ss v a o u s m e th o d s o f r e d u c in
g ev a
p o r a t io n fr o m a w a te r b
8 Ev a p o r a tio n is in d ir e c tl a c o o lin
Ju
.
y g p ro c e s s . s tif
y th e s t a te m e n t
9 . v is i t th e n e a re s t m e te o r o lo
g ic a l o b s e r v a t o r in
y y o u r a re a a n
e v a p o r a tio n p
a n is u s e d th e r e . C o lle c t th e e v a
p o r a t io n d a ta a n d
a n n u a l e v a p o r a t io n s o f th a t p la c e .
1o . F in d o u t h o w th e e v a r
p o a tio n lo s s e s a r e a c c o n te d f o r in a m a jo r
y o u r s ta te .
11 B r in g
o u t th e d if f e r e n c e b e tw e e n e v a
p o r a t io n
.
, tr a n s i r a t io n
p ,
c o n su m t iv e u se .

Evaporation and Evaportation

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Evaporation and Evaportation

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4 . D e fin e p a n c o e f f i c i e n t . D is c ls s t h e r e a tiv e m e r i ts a n d d e m e r its o f

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