Course Content

Radio Resource Management Overview

Parameter Configuration
Common Channels & Power Control
Load Control
Admission Control
Packet Scheduling
Handover Control
Resource Manager

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 Course Objectives
At the end of the course you will be able to:

Explain spreading code allocation strategies

Explain code tree usage optimisation and parameters

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 Resource Menager
Functions
Code Allocation

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 Resource Manager
The main function of RM is to allocate logical radio resources of BS according to the
channel request by the RRC layer for each radio connection
The RM is located in the RNC and it works in close co-operation with AC and PS
The actual input for resource allocation comes from AC/PS and RM informs the PS
about the resource situation
The RM is able to switch codes and code types for different reasons such as soft
handover and defragmentation of code tree
Manages the BS logical resources
BS reports the available logical HW resources
Requests for other resources such as ATM
Transport resource manager
RNC HW manager (L1/L2)
Maintains the code tree
Allocates the DL spreading (=channelization) codes, UL scrambling code, UL spreading
(=channelisation) code type
Prevents fragmentation, may cause extra HO's

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 Resource Manager
Downlink: Scrambling code separates the cells and spreading code separates
connections
Uplink: Scrambling code separates the MS's
All physical channels are spread with individual spreading codes, Cm(n) and
subsequently by the scrambling code, CFSCR
RM generates DL spreading codes

user data widespread data

spreading scrambling
code code

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 Resource Menager
Functions
Code Allocation

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 Spreading Code Allocation
Code Allocation Algorithm chooses the correct spreading code depending on the TFC type
C 3 (0)=()
C 2 (0)=(1,1,1,1)
C 3 (1)=()
C1 (0)=(1,1)
C 3 (2)=()
C 2 (1)=(1,1,-1,-1)
C 3 (3)=()
C 0 (0)=(1)
C 3 (4)=()
C 2 (2)=(1,-1,1,-1)
C 3 (5)=()
C1 (1)=(1,-1)
C 3 (6)=()
C 2 (3)=(1,-1,-1,1)
C 3 (7)=()
Code Order 0 Code Order 1 Code Order 2 Code Order 3
(SF 1) (SF 2) (SF 4) (SF 8)

The codes are layered from 0 to 11 according to the Spreading Factor (SF)
Cm(n) : The code order, m, and the code number, n, designates each and every code in
the layered orthogonal code sequences
In DL code order 2 to 8 (SF 4 to 512) are available
In UL code order 2 to 7 (SF 4 to 256) are available
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 Spreading Code Allocation
Example

Ordinary downlink speech channel, requires 30 ksps physical capacity (AMR 12.2
4.75 kbit/s). The code order is 8, which means there are 128 chips to illustrate one
symbol (2n, n=7). If the requested channel is 120kbit/s (including DPCCH and channel
coding) data channel, then the type of code is 6. Spreading code cycle depends on the
symbol rate.

Code Channel Channel

DPDCH
Order symbolrate bitrate SF
bits/frame
(ksps) (kbps)

9 15 7.5 512 40

8 30 15 256 160

7 60 30 128 340

6 120 60 64 600

5 240 120 32 1400

4 480 240 16 2880

3 960 480 8 6080

2 1920 960 4 12480

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 Spreading Code Allocation
A code is always allocated from the optimum location in the code tree. It makes the
allocated codes and the codes in the branches below and above the allocated code
unavailable
Code tree will fragment quickly if releases is not re-arranged
Re-arrangements in the code tree is done by reallocating the codes in better
locations

The above code tree has 4 codes of equal order. The best locations are in the same
branch and very close to one another. The badly located codes are released and
optimally reallocated allowing the use of upper layer codes
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 Spreading Code Allocation
CodeTreeOptimisation

The parameter indicates if rearrangement can be applied to a specific cell.

range: 0 (optimisation not used), 1 (optimisation used)

default: 1;

CodeTreeOptTimer

The parameter defines the timer value that triggers code tree optimisation, if it is not
triggered otherwise.

range:1 ... 65535 s, step 1 s

default: 3600 s; 1 ... 65535 s, step 1 s

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 Spreading Code Allocation
CodeTreeOptimisation

The parameter defines the minimum usage of code tree before rearrangement is
applied to a specific cell.

range: 0 ... 100 %, step 1 %

default: 25%;

MaxCodeReleases

The parameter defines the maximum number of code release actions allowed in a
code tree before rearrangement is applied to this code tree.

range: 1 ... 65535, step 1

default 25;

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 DL Scrambling Code Allocation
Each cell uses one permanent DL scrambling code that is allocated by O&M and is
taken into use when the cell is started. This requires scrambling code planning , e.g.
for adjacent cells.

PriScrCode

Identifies the downlink scrambling code of the Primary CPICH (Common Pilot
Channel) of the Cell
range: 0 ... 511, step 1
default: No default

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 UL Scrambling Code Allocation
UL scrambling codes are mobile specific and are allocated in connection
establishment.
The codes are indexed from 0 to 224(16,777,216). Different UEs within the same cell
should use different UL scrambling codes
RM allocates UL scrambling code from a list of codes inside a single RNC.
For example RNC_123 can allocate codes from 1000000 to 1999999 and in the
end it starts from 1000000 again.
This allocation unit saves all used codes in a table and checks if allocated code is
used or not
Since different RNCs allocate their own codes there is a possibility that two mobiles
get the same code. With code planning and Iur signaling (negotiating within RNCs)
the above problem is avoided.

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 Scrambling Code Allocation
ULScrCodeMax

Defines the maximum value of the uplink scrambling code. The uplink scrambling
code is unique for each MS, and it is used continuously even if the frequency is
changed. The first 0...8191 scrambling codes are reserved for future use.

range: 8192 ... 16.777.215, step 1

default: 2.000.000

ULScrCodeMin
Defines the minimum value of uplink scrambling code. The uplink scrambling code is
unique for each MS.

range: 8192 ... 16.777.215, step 1

default:1.000.000

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 Chapter 8
-Resource Manager-

1. What are the tasks of resource manager?

2. What has the RM to do with the URA?

3. Which type of code allocation will typically be performed by a network planning tool/team?

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