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Clubfoot: Bicol University Tabaco Campus Department of Nursing Tabaco City
Clubfoot: Bicol University Tabaco Campus Department of Nursing Tabaco City
Clubfoot: Bicol University Tabaco Campus Department of Nursing Tabaco City
Department of Nursing
Tabaco City
Submitted by:
Submitted to:
CLUBFOOT
Clubfoot is used in connection with many foot deformities whether congenital or acquired. It is
a condition in which the affected foot tends to be smaller than in normal with the heel pointing inward
and downward and remains stuck in this position that resists realignment. This was originally used to
designate a foot deformity that causes the patient to walk on the ankle.
1. Varus or inversion
2. Valgus or eversion
3. Equinos or plantar flexion
4. Calcaneus or dorsiflexion
Etiology: Talipes came from two Latin words talus which means ankle, and pes, meaning foot.
III. Causes
Mainly idiopathic
Theories that is being associated with clubfoot:
Common to individuals with Edwards’ syndrome. This is a condition resulting from a genetic
abnormality in which an extra chromosome is present, specifically chromosome number 18 that
has three instead of the usual two.
The mother of a clubfoot baby used methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or commonly
known as ecstasy while having her baby in her womb.
This can be caused by external influences in the final trimester such as intrauterine
compression from oligohydramnios or from amniotic band syndrome.
Breech presentation.
May be associated with neurogenic conditions such as spina bifida cystica, cerebral palsy and
tethered cord.
The tarsus forming the posterior half of the foot is composed of seven tarsal bones. Body
weight is mostly carried by the two heel bones and the talus which lives between with tibia and the
calcaneus. 5 metatarsals form the sole, and 14 phalanges form the toes. Like the fingers of the hand,
each toe has three phalanges except the great toe which has two.
The bones in the foot are arranged to form 3 strong arches: 2 longitudinal (medial and lateral)
and one transverse. Ligaments which bind the foot bones together and tendons of the foot muscles
help to hold the bones firmly in the arched position but still allow a certain amount of give or springs.
Weak arches are referred to as “fallen arches” or “flat feet”.
The forefoot includes the five metatarsal bones and the phalanges (the toes). The first
metatarsal bone bears the most weight and plays the most important role in propulsion. It is the
shortest and the thickest. It also provides attachment for several tendons. The second, third, and fourth
metatarsal bones are the most stable of the metatarsals. They are well protected and have only minor
tendon attachments and are not subjected to strong pulling forces. Never the head of the first
metatarsal on the plantar surface of the foot are two sesamoid bones (a small, oval shaped bone which
develops inside a tendon, where the tendon passes over a bony prominence). They are held in place by
their tendons and are also supported by ligament.
The mild foot includes 5 of the 7 tarsal bones (the navicular, cuboid and 3 cuneiform). The distal
row contains the 3 cuneiforms and the cuboid. The midfoot meets the forefoot at the five
tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints. There are multiple joints within the midfoot itself. Proximally the 3
cuneiforms articulate with the navicular bone.
The talus and the calcaneous make up the midfoot. The calcaneous is the largest tarsal bone
and forms the heel. The talus rests on top of it and forms the pivot of the ankle.
V. Pathophysiology
Non-modifiable Factors: Modifiable Factors:
CLUBFOOT