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70gat (Analog Electronics-3
70gat (Analog Electronics-3
LUCKNOW GORAKHPUR AGRA ALLAHABAD PATNA NOIDA SUMMER CRASH COURSE ONLINE TEST SERIES
LUCK NOW
0522-6563566 9919526958 9451056682 9919751941 9919751941 9919751941 WINTER CRASH COURSE OFF-LINE TEST SERIES
1
TECHGURU CLASSES for ENGINEERS (Your Dedication + Our Guidance = Sure Success)
CHAPTER - 1 (OP- AMP FUNDAMENTALS ) : ANALOG CIRCUIT
Second, differential amplifier enables us to bias the amplifier and to PERSONAL REMARK :
couple amplifier stages together without the need for by- pass and
coupling capacitors such as those utilized in the design of discrete
circuit amplifiers.
, The differential amplifier as a building block of the op-amp
has the advantages of
Excellent stability
Lower cost
Higher versatility and
High immunity to interference signals
Easier fabrication as IC component.
, The problem discussed in single ended amplifier can be eliminated
by using a balanced or differential amplifier (i.e., emitter-coupled
differential amplifier) as shown below.
VEE
V0 h fe R C
ADM = for balanced output (B)
VS (R S h ie )
LUCKNOW GORAKHPUR AGRA ALLAHABAD PATNA NOIDA SUMMER CRASH COURSE ONLINE TEST SERIES
LUCK NOW
0522-6563566 9919526958 9451056682 9919751941 9919751941 9919751941 WINTER CRASH COURSE OFF-LINE TEST SERIES
2
TECHGURU CLASSES for ENGINEERS (Your Dedication + Our Guidance = Sure Success)
CHAPTER - 1 (OP- AMP FUNDAMENTALS ) : ANALOG CIRCUIT
NOTE :When the output of differential amplifier is measured with PERSONAL REMARK :
reference to ground point is called unbalanced output.
However , when the output of differential amplifier is measured
across the collectors of transistors T1 & T2 (which are
assumed to be perfectly matched ) called balanced output.
When the input is applied to both the base of the transistors
is called balanced input.
When the input is applied to one of the base of the transistors
is called unbalanced input.
NOTE :Depending upon the input and output arrangement differential
amplifier can be classified as-
Balanced Input Balanced Output (BIBO) or Dual Input Dual
Output.
Balanced Input Unbalanced Output (BIUO) or Dual Input
Singal Output.
Unbalanced Input Balanced Output (UIBO) or Single Input
Dual Output.
Unbalanced Input Unbalanced Output (UIUO) or Single Input
Single Output.
, Common mode gain is given by expression
hfe RC
ACM = (C)
RS + hie + (1 + hfe ) 2RE
NOTE :Unlike ADM , ACM is same for both balanced and unbalanced
output.
, CMRR for differential amplifier using BJT amplifier is given by
ADM [RS h fe 2R E (1 h fe ) ]
CMRR = ....(C)
ACM (R S hie )
for CMRR to be large, ACM should be as small as possible,
from equation (C) it can be seen that ACM 0 as RE .
, There are practical limitations to made large RE, because of the
quiescent dc voltage across it. If RE is made large, the emitter supply
VEE will also have to be increased in order to maintain the proper
quiescent current.
, Voltage gain of differential amplifier is directly proportional to the
load resistor RC. However, these are limitations to the maximum
value of RC to be used due to the following two reasons :
(i) For larger value of RC, quiescent drop across it increases and
hence a large power supply will be required to maintain a
given quiescent collector current.
(ii) A large value of RC requires large chip area resulting packing
density reduces.
LUCKNOW GORAKHPUR AGRA ALLAHABAD PATNA NOIDA SUMMER CRASH COURSE ONLINE TEST SERIES
LUCK NOW
0522-6563566 9919526958 9451056682 9919751941 9919751941 9919751941 WINTER CRASH COURSE OFF-LINE TEST SERIES
3
TECHGURU CLASSES for ENGINEERS (Your Dedication + Our Guidance = Sure Success)
CHAPTER - 1 (OP- AMP FUNDAMENTALS ) : ANALOG CIRCUIT
Ex. A change in the value of the emitter resistance RE in a differential PERSONAL REMARK :
amplifier (IES-EC-2012) & (GATE-EC-1991)
(a) Affects the difference mode gain, Ad
(b) Affects the common mode gain, Ac
(c) Affects both Ad and Ac
(d) Does not affect either Ad or Ac
V0 1 h fe R C hfe RC
Ad = and AC =
VS 2 (R S h ie ) RS + hie + (1 + hfe ) 2RE
Thus, we can say that a change in the value of the emitter resistance
RE in a differential amplifier affects the common mode gain AC.
OP-AMP FUNDAMENTALS
, Op-amp have five basic terminals, i.e., two input terminals, one output
terminal and two power supply terminals.
V+
Inverting
(input terminal)
Output
Non-inverting terminal
(input terminal)
V
LUCKNOW GORAKHPUR AGRA ALLAHABAD PATNA NOIDA SUMMER CRASH COURSE ONLINE TEST SERIES
LUCK NOW
0522-6563566 9919526958 9451056682 9919751941 9919751941 9919751941 WINTER CRASH COURSE OFF-LINE TEST SERIES
4