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Use of Industrial Wastes in The Construction of Flexible Pavements
Use of Industrial Wastes in The Construction of Flexible Pavements
Use of Industrial Wastes in The Construction of Flexible Pavements
K. Sahithi
B.Tech Final Year Student, Department of Civil Engineering, K L University,
Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
T. Reshma
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, K L University,
Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
K. Hemanth Raja
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, K L University,
Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
The disposals of different industrial wastes pose environmental problems to the
society as many of them are non-biodegradable. India having the huge network of
industries and many more are being established since it is a developing country. With
each passing year several million metric tons of waste is getting increased. As the
usage of road increases the use of unconventional ingredients also increases. The
inclusion of several other secondary materials and industrial wastes may be a boon in
preserving natural reserves and conventional materials. These materials have been
evaluated and investigated for practicing and utilizing in various ways in construction
industry. Many materials like plastic wastes, scrap tires, mine wastes, crushed glass,
foundry sand etc. This study aims to give a significant demonstration on the use of
blast furnace slag which is an industrial waste- byproduct in the construction of
pavement.
Key words: Blast furnace slag, Marshall Stability, Unconventional ingredients, Waste-
byproduct.
Cite this Article: K. Sunil, K. Sahithi, T. Reshma and K. Hemanth Raja, Use of
Industrial Wastes in the Construction of Flexible Pavements. International Journal of
Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(4), 2017, pp. 11171122.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=4
1. INTRODUCTION
India is one among the top 10 countries in terms of industrial growth resulting in an enormous
production of industrial waste. The rate of industrial waste is increasing faster than the rate of
globalization. This waste disposal has become a serious problem today which is threatening
the environment and extinction of resources. The two types of pavement structures generally
used are I) Flexible II) Rigid. Wastes from different sources can be collected and the
materials such as foundry sand, iron slag, steel slag, glass waste, ceramic waste etc., can be
used. The slag is of two types i.e., blast furnace slag and steel making slag. The blast furnace
slag is obtained by melting the separated from blast furnace that produces iron. For each ton
of iron approximately 290kg of slag is produced. Based on the cooling method there are two
types of slag i.e., air-cooled slag and granulated slag. In this study the use of iron slag which
is a blast furnace slag is a by-product of iron manufacturing industry is utilized in the
construction of different layers of pavement. This study aims at reducing the cost of
construction of flexible pavements.
1.1. Objectives
This study promotes the usage of industrial wastes to reduce the cost of construction of
flexible pavements and helps in preserving the natural reserves.
2. METHODOLOGY
2.1. Materials
Materials used in the present study are the following
Blast furnace slag
Aggregates
Bitumen
2.1.2. Aggregates
Aggregates are widely used in civil constructions like roads, foundations, railway roads and
drainages. Aggregates are natural materials which are obtained by mining and blasting into
certain sizes. It has good compressive strength properties.
Comparison of the properties of iron slag replaced aggregates and natural aggregates are
shown in the following table:
Table 1 Properties of aggregate (75 %) +iron slag (25 %) mix and Normal aggregates
Plotted the graphs between the Bitumen Content vs Gt, Vv, VFB, Stability, Flow values
from Marshall Stability results
4.5 2500
4
MARSHAL STABILITY(KG)
% VOIDS IN TOTAL MIX
3.5 2000
3
1500
2.5
2
1000
1.5
1 500
0.5
0 0
4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5
Figure 1 Bitumen Content vs. % of Voids in Total Mix. Figure 2 Bitumen Content vs Marshall Stability value
88 2.44
% VOID FILLRD BY BITUMEN
86 2.43
UNIT WEIGHT (g/cc)
84 2.42
2.41
82
2.4
80
2.39
78 2.38
76 2.37
74 2.36
4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5
Figure 3 Bitumen Content vs % of voids filled by bitumen Figure 4 Bitumen Content vs Unit Weight
6
5
FLOW(MM)
4
3
2
1
0
4.8 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6 6.2
BITUMEN CONTENT%
4. CONCLUSION
The Optimum Binder Content obtained from the average peak values of unit weight, % of
voids in total mix and Marshall Stability for conventional mix is 5.5% and that of modified
mix is 5.57%.The values of the different tests obtained from the modified mix meets the
requirements as per Indian Standard. Hence making it useful in the replacement of aggregates
with the iron slag in pavement construction. Iron slag can be used for less traffic volume.
Percentage (%) of voids in total mix at 5% of Bitumen content is maximum at both nominal
and modified mix and then gradually decreases. Maximum stability of modified mix is
21.97KN at 6% of bitumen content. Flow value of modified mix decreases when compared
with nominal mix
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