VI.

C php l nh SELECT c a SQL

a) L nh SELECT l thnh ph n c b n c a ngn ng
d li u SQL.
b) L nh SELECT c dng ch n ho c truy xu t cc m u
tin (Records) ho c cc vng tin (Fields) t cc Tables c a
CSDL.
c) C php t ng qut c a cu l nh SQL:

SELECT <Danh sch cc Fields>

FROM <Danh sch cc Tables>
WHERE <Bi u th c k t n i Tables>
<Bi u th c i u ki n l c>
[GROUP BY <Tiu chu n phn nhm>]
[HAVING <Tiu chu n ch n nhm>]
[ORDER BY <Tiu chu n s p x p>] 42
V.1. SELECT
Li t k cc Fields c n truy xu t.
Mu n l y h t cc Fields c a m t Table, ta dng
d u * . Th d : Select * From ...
Mu n l y tu n t t ng Field th cc Fields ph i
phn cch v i nhau b i d u ph y.
Th d :
SELECT TblDanh_sach_ban_doc.MaBD,
TblDanh_muc_thanh_phan.Tenthanhphan,
TblDanh_sach_ban_doc.TenBD,
FROM ...........
43
VI.2. From
Dng khai bo ho c cung c p d li u ngu n
(l cc Tables) cho cu l nh truy v n.
C php:
FROM <Tn Table [[As] <Tn thay th >]
C th dng tn thay th ho c khng (tn thay
th c dng khi tn Table qu di v ph i s
d ng nhi u Tables).
Th d :
SELECT * From TblDanh_muc_sach As Sach;
ho c:
SELECT * From TblDanh_muc_sach;
44
Dng theo c php c a Access:
Select *
From BangA
Inner Join BangB
On BangA.Ma = BangB.Ma
Th d :
SELECT TblDanh_muc_sach.Tensach,TblTac_gia.TenTG
FROM TblDanh_muc_sach INNER JOIN TblTac_gia
ON TblDanh_muc_sach.Matacgia = TblTac_gia.Matacgia;

45
Dng b danh thay th tn Table:
Select A.Manv, A.Holot+ +A.Ten As Hoten,
B.Lcb, B.Phucap
From TblHosonv As A Inner Join
TblHosoluong As B On A.Manv = B.Manv
Where A.MaBP =KTTV;

46
VI.3. WHERE
S d ng k t n i cc Tables (theo ngn ng
SQL chu n)
S d ng nh m t m nh l c (Filter) k t
xu t nh ng Records tho ! u ki n tm ki m
D"ng t ng qut:
WHERE <Join Condition>
<Filter Condition>
Th d 1:
Select *
From TblTacgia
Where TblTacgia.Matp =TP01; 47
SELECT TblTac_gia.TenTG,
TblDanh_muc_sach.Tensach
FROM TblTac_gia, TblDanh_muc_sach
WHERE TblTac_gia.Matacgia =
TblDanh_muc_sach.Matacgia And
TblTac_gia.MaTP ='TP11';
(SQL chu n)
SELECT TblTac_gia.TenTG, TblDanh_muc_sach.Tensach
FROM TblTac_gia INNER JOIN TblDanh_muc_sach
ON TblTac_gia.Masach = TblDanh_muc_sach.Masach
WHERE tblTac_gia.MaTP = TP11;
(MS.Access)

48
VI.4. ORDER BY
Dng s p x p cc Records theo m t tr#t t xc $nh.
Gi tr$ m c nhin l tr#t t %&'( (t A .. Z , 0 .. 9)
Th d :
Li t k danh sch nhn vin theo th t m b ph n
Select * From TblHosonhanvien Order By Mabp
Li t k danh m c sch Tin h c theo th t c a tn cc nh xu t b n
Select A.Masach, A.Tensach, B.TenNXB
From TblDanhmucsach As A Inner Join TblNhaxuatban As B
On A.Manxb = B.Manxb
Order By B.Tennxb;

49
VI.5. Group By v Having
Dng nhm cc Records c cng gi tr$ t"i m t Field no
.
) l c cc Records * c nhm (Group), ta ph i dng
Having <Filter Condition>
Th d : Li t k tn cc m t hng m gi xu t bn
Select A.Mahang, B.Tenhang
From TblHoadon As A Inner Join TblHanghoa As B
On A.Mahang = B.Mahang
Group By A.Mahang
Having A.Mahang = MIGOI*;

50