er ] L The scales and key signatures | of C, G, D and F major (see The AB Guide t0 Music Theory, 2/2-3) Exercise 31 In this scale of C major, two notes a semitone apart are marked by —. Mark the other two notes which are a semitone apart in the same way. Exercise 32 Add accidentals before any notes that need them to make the scales named below. Then add -— above each pair of notes making a semitone G major (ascending) ¥ major (descending) D major (ascending) F major (descending) G major (ascending) Exercise 33 | | Key... .major Key...-major Key....major Key... .majorExercise 34 Exercise 35 Exercise 36 @) 7 Add the clefs and key signatures needed to make the scales named. (Remember thet the key signature comes after the clef but before the time signature.) F major C major D major +p) G major = = oe ‘Write the scales named below, using the given rhythm. Add the correct key signatures ‘but do not use any unnecessary accidentals. G major (descending) F major {ascending) C major (ascending) ‘Name the key of each of the following. Then write them out again, using key signatures instead of accidentals. Beethoven, Violin Concerto (Ist vt) Key....major18 Exercise 36 (continued) ‘Mozart, The Magic Fluve (0 Isis end Osiris) J. 8. Bach, Arova Magdalona Bach Notebook (Minuet) ‘Traditional, ‘Early one morning® (d) Key....major “Tehakovsky, Senonade for Serine (Walle) Key....major Elgar, Pomp and Cirewnztance March Not © ++ +major19 Cancelling an accidental Exercise 37 (a) (b) © @ Exercise 38 (a) (b) (see The AB Guide to Music Theory, 2/4) ‘An accidental lasts until the end of the bar. For example, the note marked * here is F4: To change the note back to F, a § sign is added; similarly, if F} is in the key signature: note | is F4, note 2 Fy, note 3 Fe, note 4 Fé (the # here cancels the earlier b). Before each note marked *, add the accidental needed to cancel the previous accidental: i . fog — he = oS —— j Give the name of each of the notes marked with a number. The letter name alone is enough if there is no accidental ~ but keep in mind the key signature and any accidentals which may have been added earlier in the bar. Remember, too, that an accidental only affects later notes in the bar when they are on the same line or in the same space.Degrees of the scale and Intervals Exercise 39 Exercise 40 (see The AB Guide t0 Music Theory, 2/2 & 1/1) In each of the following, the ‘first degree’ of the scale (the key-note) is in brackets. After it, write the note whose degree is given below (as shown in the first example). x t——— ft > _—— aoe =f or ‘ ae 2nd rd ath 7th Sth ‘The distance in pitch between two different notes is called an interval. Its a ‘melodic’ interval if the two notes are played one after the other ~ === or a ‘harmonic’ interval if they are played together - === ‘The size of an interval is measured by the number of degrees of the scale it includes: 2nd 3rd 4th 5th ‘The number of degrees is the ‘number’ of the interval, It is not changed by a key signature, or by any accidentals in front of the notes. In Grade 1 we shall use only the intervals which have the key-note as the lower note, These, for example, are the intervals from the key-note in G major: oy 2nd 3rd 4th sth th 7th ave G majoraa Exercise 41 Above each of these notes, write a semibreve which makes the named harmonic interval. D major 3rd 7th Sth 2nd 4th 6th = = = C major 5th Bve 6th 4th 3rd th Exercise 42 Give the number of the melodic intervals marked ——— in the following. The first note is the key-note in every case. Haya, Symphony No.94 (Surprise) 2nd me) Ravel, Mother Goose (‘The Enchanted Garden’) fa) (Carol, “The Holly and the Ivy? © Elgar, Sale d'amour © Schubert, Rsamude (Ballet No.2) = fe) Sieghried (Bet I, Scene 3) (s) oy 6 Beethoven, Missa Solonnis (Gloria) (hyR General exercises Exercise 46 This is the beginning of a melody. Look at it, and then answer the questions below. Andante “Tehaikosky, Alum for he Yourg (Morning Prayee") (a) What does Andante mean? (b) What is the time signature of the melody? . Explain what it means. ........222202000+ (©) Why is there a dot after the notes in bars 4 and 8? (A) What is p short for?..... 2.6.6.0 What does it mean? .. . (© The key of the melody is G major. Which degree of the scale does it start on? .. (£) What is the letter name of the highest note? What is the letter name of the lowest note? . . . (g) What is the value of the shortest note? (h) How many times is this rhythm [J a. 2 usea? (i) In bar 7, what does the > above the note mean? ... @ Copy out the frst four bars. Remember to put in the clef, key signature and time signature.30 Exercise 47 This is the beginning of a melody. Look at it, and then answer the questions below. Allegro Hammel, Allegro, Op.52 No2 1 2~ 3 (@) What does Allegro mean? (b) What key is the melody in? . . (©) Show another way of writing the time signature... . (@) What are the curved lines over the melody called? ....... ‘What do they tell the performer? (©) What does a dot over a note (in bars 2 and 4) mean? (f) How many times does the note F appear? . . (g) Which bar contains all the notes of the tonic triad but no others? . . (h) What does the sign } mean? . () What do you notice about the rhythm of bars 3-4 compared to the rhythm of bars 1-2? @) Copy out the first two bars. Remember to put in the clef and time signature.Exercise 48 31 Look at the following melody, and then answer the questions below. Poco adagio, MM. d= 56 Dvottk, Symphony No.7 (2nd mvt) 1 2 3 4 Plegato ip iyo 8 —== ——_ pdim. PP (@) Poco means ‘a little”. What does adagio mean? ..... (b) What is dim. short for? ... ‘What does it mean? ... (©) The key of the melody is F major. In which bars is the key-note nor used? (@ What does ‘M.M. J = 56’ tell you? ..... oe (©) Give the meaning of legato. «+++ (©) Which is the quieter: p or pp? . (g) Which bars contain the first four notes of the scale of F major? .... (h) Which bar has the same rhythm as bar 1? @ What do the signs == and == mean? i) Give the full name of the first note in bar 3... . (&) Copy out the melody from the beginning of bar 5 to the end, Put in the clef, key signature and time signature,32 Exercise 49 This is the beginning of a melody. Look at it, and then answer the questions below. ee Ravel, Pavan for @ dead Infanta 1 4 (@) Add the missing word in this sentence: ‘The melody is written in the ....... clef. (b) What is the key of the melody? . (©) Draw — above any pairs of notes which are a semitone apart (©) Give the full name of the last note... (f) How many crotchet beats are there in a bar? . (@) Which bars contain tied notes? .. (b) Underline any of the following descriptions which you think suit the music: smooth loud quiet slow fast. «=o merry sad @ Copy out the melody from the beginning of bar 3 to the end. Put in the clef, key signature and time signature. 797