Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Arturo
Ramrez
Suarez

Introduction
Earth and Life Sciences II
The Arquean Unit II
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
Eng. Angel Arturo Ramrez Suarez
eon

CODAF Matamoros

August 30, 2017

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 Overview

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Arturo
Ramrez
Suarez
1 Introduction
Introduction

The Arquean
Period

Biological 2 The Arquean Period

evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

3 Biological evolution in the Fanerozoic eon

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 Unit 2 - Life diversification

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Arturo
Ramrez
Suarez

Introduction
The conditions of the primitive Earth originated the first life
The Arquean
Period forms. These bacteria consumed the CO2 in the atmosphere
Biological
evolution in
and produced oxygen as part of their metabolism. This changed
the Earths atmosphere which led to more bacteria proliferating.
Fanerozoic
eon

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 The Arquean Period

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel Second longest eon in Earth. This is the period where life
Arturo
Ramrez originates.
Suarez

Introduction

The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 The Proterozoic

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Arturo
Ramrez
Suarez

Introduction
This period has better preserved sediments and fossils than the
The Arquean previous period. Its divided in:
Period
Paleoproterozoic.
Biological
evolution in
the
Mesoproterozoic.
Fanerozoic
eon Neoproterozoic.

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 The Proterozoic

Earth and Life

Sciences II 1,100 million years ago, the continents joined together to
Eng. Angel create Rodinia. 750 million years ago, Rodinia fragmented to
Arturo
Ramrez join back 400 million years into whats known as Pangea.
Suarez

Introduction

The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 The Proterozoic

Earth and Life

Sciences II
Theres evidence that life evolved around 3,800 years ago as
Eng. Angel
procariotic cells. Fossils have been found dating 3,000-3,400
Arturo
Ramrez
million years old. There diversified into 2 different species:
Suarez
Eubacteria.
Introduction
An ancestor of Arqueobacteria and eucarionts.
The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 The Proterozoic

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Arturo
Ramrez
Suarez

Introduction These cells display 3 characteristics of life:

The Arquean
Period A membrane that separates them from their environment.
Biological
evolution in
Enzyme regulated metabolism.
the
Fanerozoic Capability to reproduce and replicate their DNA.
eon

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 The Proterozoic

Earth and Life

Sciences II
These calls classified by how they get their sustenance:
Eng. Angel
Arturo Autotrophes. Produce nutrients from the elements.
Ramrez
Suarez
Heterotrophes. Consume other elements to get nutrients.
Introduction

The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Autotrophe organisms

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Arturo
Ramrez
Suarez

Introduction

The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Autotrophe organisms

Earth and Life

Sciences II
To metabolize the molecules they gathered from the sea and
Eng. Angel
turn it into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) they can use:
Arturo
Ramrez
Aerobic methods. This method gives around 38 ATP
Suarez
molecules.
Introduction Anaerobic methods. This method gives around 2 ATP
The Arquean molecules. Ex. fermentation.
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Autotrophe organisms

Earth and Life

Sciences II
A bacteria doesnt need a lot of ATP but big and complex
Eng. Angel
animals do. When the resources in the primitive Earth started
Arturo
Ramrez
to deplete, competition increased which led to the phenomena
Suarez of biological evolution.
Introduction

The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Autotrophe organisms

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Some eubacteria evolved to process ultraviolet rays and gained
Arturo
Ramrez
the ability to metabolize CO2 and hydrogen (H) to sintethize
Suarez carbohydrates and release sulphur.
Introduction

The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Cianobacterias change everything

Earth and Life

Sciences II 2,500 million years ago, cianobacterias are born that produce
Eng. Angel oxygen which permanently alters the atmosphere and the forms
Arturo
Ramrez of life that inhabit it.
Suarez

Introduction

The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Cianobacterias change everything

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Arturo The development of cianobacterias had an important effect on
Ramrez
Suarez the planet:
Introduction The oxygen rich atmosphere decomposed the organic
The Arquean compounds.
Period

Biological
Forced bacterias to evolve the ability to process oxygen to
evolution in
the
get more ATP.
Fanerozoic
eon With the increased energy, aerobic bacteria became more
prominent.
The increased oxygen formed the ozone layer that blocks
ultraviolet radiation.

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 Cianobacterias change everything

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel The development of cianobacterias had an important effect on

Arturo
Ramrez the planet:
Suarez
1,700 million years ago heterotrophe organisms evolve to
Introduction
feed on bacteria.
The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Eubacterias

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Arturo
Ramrez
Suarez

Introduction 1,200 million years ago, eubacteria emerge and divide into 3
The Arquean branches:
Period
Eubacterias.
Biological
evolution in
the Archeobacterias.
Fanerozoic
eon Eucariotic cells.

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 Activity 1

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Arturo
Ramrez
Suarez

Introduction

The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 The Fanerozoic eon

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Arturo
Ramrez
Suarez Shortest period on Earths history. Tectonic plates moved a lot
Introduction due to the influence of the Earths mantle.
The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Theories of tectonic plate movement

Earth and Life

Sciences II Continental drift theory.
Eng. Angel Proposed by Alfred Wegner, with the idea of the Pangea
Arturo
Ramrez continent.
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Oceanic depth expansion theory.
Introduction Proposed by Hess. Says that the mantle is continually
The Arquean
Period
expelling volcanic material that forms the new Earths
Biological
crust.
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Biological diversification: the 6 kingdoms

Earth and Life

Sciences II 1 Procariotes originate.
Eng. Angel 2 Procariotes divide into eubacteria, arqueobacteria,
Arturo
Ramrez eucariote cells.
Suarez
3 Eucariotes divide again into 4 branches.
Introduction

The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Main advantages of eucariotic cells

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Arturo
Ramrez
Suarez

Introduction

The Arquean Bigger size means more and easier energy consumption.
Period
Special organeles to evolve new traits.
Biological
evolution in
the Evolve DNA and sexual reproduction to inherit traits.
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Eucariotes evolve

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Arturo
Ramrez
Suarez

Introduction
Eucariote cells divided into 4 branches:
The Arquean Protista.
Period

Biological
Fungi.
evolution in
the Plantae.
Fanerozoic
eon Animalia.

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 Plantae

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Arturo Born in the Siluric 400 million years ago.
Ramrez
Suarez They are multicellular, eucariote organisms.
Introduction Feed through photosynthesis.
The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Fungi

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Arturo
Born in the Ordovic period 460 million years ago.
Ramrez
Suarez Can live almost anywhere with organic matter.
Introduction
Can be pluricellular or unicellular.
The Arquean Can reproduce sexually or asexually and feed through
Period

Biological
absorption.
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Animalia

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Arturo Born 800 to 1,200 million years ago.
Ramrez
Suarez

Introduction

The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Archaea

Earth and Life

Sciences II Born 3,500 million years ago.
Eng. Angel
Arturo Extremely primitive, live in very hostile environments.
Ramrez
Suarez Procariot unicellular organisms.
Introduction Asexual reproduction.
The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Proctista

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel Any organism that cant be classified in the others like
Arturo
Ramrez algae.
Suarez

Introduction

The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Eubacteria

Earth and Life

Sciences II
Born 3,500 million years ago.
Eng. Angel
Arturo Unicellular procariot organisms.
Ramrez
Suarez
Can either consume chemicals or photosynthesize their
Introduction food.
The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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 Pangea

Earth and Life

Sciences II

Eng. Angel
Started to separate 130 million years ago.
Arturo
Ramrez
Suarez

Introduction

The Arquean
Period

Biological
evolution in
the
Fanerozoic
eon

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