Book 1 PDF

eroberogeday lwm pl:n
briBaabR&tKNitviTa nig BaNiCkm
H U N S E N
3
S T R O N G
Problems and Solutions

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elak Esn Bisid
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elak lwm miKsir
karIkMuBT&r
kBaa lI KuNaka
GkniBn nig eroberog
elak lwm pln nig elak Esn Bisid
Garmkfa
esovePA KNitviTaCMuvijBiPBelak EdlGksikakMBugkan
enAkgden xMJTneroberogeLIgkgeKalbMngTukCaksar sRmab
CaCMnYydlGksikaykeTAsikaRsavRCavedayxng nig mageTot
kgeKalbMngcUlrYmelIksyvis&yKNitviTaenARbeTskm<CaeyIg
[kanEtrIkceRmInEfmeTotedIm,Ibeg;InFnFanmnus[mankanEteRcIn
edIm,ICYyGPivDn_RbeTsCatirbseyIg .
enAkgesoveneyIgxMJnxitxMRsavRCaveRCIserIsyklMhatyag
sRmaMgbMputBIksarbreTsyageRcInbMputdUcCa 103 Trigonometry Problems ,
Five Hundred Mathematical Challenges,Complex Numbers From A to Z ,
Mathematical Olympiad in China,Mathematical Olympiad Challenges,
Mathematical Olympiad Treasures, International Mathematical Olympiads 1959-1977,
nigksarbreTsepg@eTottamy
The IMO Compendium ( 1959-2004 )
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gayylqabcgcaMGMBIsil,nkaredaRsayTaMgGsen . buEneTaCa
yagNakeday kgVxat nig kMhusqgedayGectnaRkdCamanTaMg
beckeTs nig GkraviruT .
GaRs&yehtuen eyIgxMJCaGkeroberogrgcaMedayrIkrayCanicnUv
mtiriKnEbbsSabnaBIsMNakGksikakgRKbmCdanedIm,ICYyEklMG
esovePAen[nkanEtsuRkiRtPaBEfmeTot .
CaTIbBabeneyIgxMJGkeroberogsUmeKarBCUnBrdlGksikaTaMgGs
[mansuxPaBmaMmYn nig TTYlC&yCMnRKbParkic .
tdMbgfTI07 mkra 2009

GkniBn lwm pln
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H U N S E N
3
S T R O N G
Problems and Solutions

rkasiTiRKbyag
KNitviTaCMuvijBiPBelak
EpkRbFanlMhat
-1- PaK1
EpkRbFanlMhat
1-BIcMnYnBitviCman x nig y
epgpatTMnakTMng 4x + 3y = 11
cUrkMntrtmGtibrmanGnuKmn_
f ( x , y ) = ( x + 6)( y + 7)( 3x + 2y )

2-cUrkMntRKbtm x kgcena ]0; [
2
edaydwgfa
3 1 3+1
+ =4 2
sin x cos x
3-enAkgRtIekaN ABC mYyEdl BC = a , AC = b , AB = c
cUrbgHajfa sin A2 b a+ c rYcsresrTMnakTMngBIreTotEdl
RsedogKa .
4-eKyk I tag[cena [ 4 ; 4 ] . cUrkMntGnuKmn_ f
kMntelI [ 1 , 1 ] ebIeKdwgfa f (sin 2x) = sin x + cos x
rYcsRmYl f (tan x) cMeBaRKb x kgcena I .
2
5-cUrbgHajfa tan 3a tan 2a tan a = tan 3a tan 2a tan a

Edl a k2 RKbcMnYnKtrWTLaTIhV k .
-2- PaK1
6-cUrbgHajfa
1 +
a
1 +
b
(
1 + 2ab ) 2
sin x cos x

cMeBaRKb a>0,b>0,0<x<
2
7-eK[ctuekaNEkg mYyEdl
ABCD .
BC = 3 AB
P nig Q CaBIrcMnucnRCug [BC]Edl BP = PQ = QC .

cUrbgHajfa DQC = DBC + DPC .
8-eK[ z nig z CacMnYnkMupicBIr .
1 2
cUrRsayfa | z + z | + | z z | = 2(| z | + | z | )
1 2
2
1 2
2
1
2
2
2
9-eK[ z nig z CacMnYnkMupicBIrEdl | z | = | z | = 1

1 2 1 2
nig z .z 1 .
1 2
cUrRsayfa 1z+ +z zz CacMnYnBitmYy .

1 2
1 2
10-KNnalImItxageRkam
12 + 12 + 12 + ... + 12 + 12 + x 4
lim
x4 x4
man n skaer .
-3- PaK1
11-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) kMnteday
n
4
u
u = 1 nig u =
0 n+1 3 RKb n
2 n IN
4u + 6u + 4u + 1
n n n
4
1 1
cUrbgHajfa 1+
un + 1
= 1 +
un
RKb n IN

rYcKNna un CaGnuKmn_n n .
12-KNna
n n +1
Pn = (1 x + x 2 )(1 x 2 + x4 ).....(1 x 2 + x 2 )
13-eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCugRbEvg a , b , c .
knbnatBunmMu C kat [AB] RtgcMnuc D .
cUrRsayfa CD = a2+abb cos C2 .
14-KNnaplbUk
S n = 1.1!+2.2!+3.3!+..... + n.n!
Edl n! = n(n 1)(n 2)....3.2.1 .
15-KNnatm
A = ( 3 + tan 1o )( 3 + tan 2o )( 3 + tan 3o )...( 3 + tan 29o )
-4- PaK1
16-eK[ x,y,z CacMnYnBitEdlepgpatlkx&N

cos x + cos y + cos z = 0 nig cos 3x + cos 3y + cos 3z = 0
cUrbgHajfa cos 2x cos 2y cos 2z 0 .

17-eK[RtIekaN ABC mYy .
bnatBumMu A , B , C katRCug [BC] , [AC] , [AB]
erogKaRtg A' , B' , C' .
cUrRsayfa
BC C A AB
sin( ) sin( ) sin( )
2 + 2 + 2 =0
AA' BB' CC'
18-eK[BhuFa P( x ) = ( x sin a + cos a )n Edl
n IN *
cUrrksMNlnviFIEckrvag P( x ) nwg x2 + 1 .
x + y = 3 a + b
19-edaRsayRbB&nsmIkar 4
x y = ax by
4
Edl a nig b CacMnYnBitEdl a + b 0 .

20-cUrbgHajfa ( n + n + 1)(1 n + n + 1) = 9
9999
4 4
n =1
-5- PaK1
21-eK[GnuKmn_ f kMntRKb x IR { 1 ; 0 } eday

1
x( 2x + 1)f ( x) + f ( ) = x + 1
x
.
cUrKNna S = f (1) + f ( 2) + f ( 3) + .... + f ( 2009)
22-cUrkMntRKbKU ncMnYnKtviCmanebIeKdwgfa
(m ; n )
m + n = 13(m + n )
2 2
.
23-eK[RtIekaN ABC mYyEkgRtg A .
eKyk E [AC] nig F [AB] Edl AEF = ABC
nig AFE = ACB .
eKtag E' nig F' erogKaCaeCIgcMeNalEkgn E nig F
elIRCug [BC] .
cUrRsayfa E' E + EF + FF' BC ?
24-eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitviCman . cUrRsaybBaakfa
b+c c+a a+b
+ + 2
a + 4(b + c ) b + 4(c + a ) c + 4(a + b )
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
a 0 = a 1 = 1
25-eK[sIVtcMnYnBit

an + 1 = 2an an 1 + 2 , n 1
-6- PaK1
cUrRsayfa a = a a . n 2 +1 n n+1
26-kgRtIekaN ABC mYycUrRsaybBaakfa

1 1 1 R
+ + 4
A B C r
sin sin sin
2 2 2
Edl r nig CakaMrgVgcarwkkg nig carwkeRkARtIekaN .
R
27-eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitviCmanEdl 4abc = a + b + c + 1
cUrbgHajfa
b2 + c2 c2 + a2 a2 + b2
+ + 2(ab + bc + ca )
a b c
28-eK[sIVt { an } kMnteday
a = 1 nig a = a .a ....a + 4 cMeBaRKb n 1 .
0 n +1 0 1 n
cUrbgHajfa a a = 2 cMeBaRKb n 1 .
n n +1
29-eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitviCmanEdl ab + bc + ca = 1 .
cUrbgHajfa (a + b1 ) + (b + 1c ) + (c + a1 ) 16
2 2 2
30-eK[ 2 = 2 cos 2 , 2 + 2 = 2 cos 2 , 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 cos 2

2 3 4
BITahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnTUeTA nig RsaybBaak

rUbmnenapg .
-7- PaK1
31-edayeFIVvicartamkMeNIncUrRsaybBaakfacMnYn
A =2
n
6n +1
+9 Eckdacnwg11 CaniccMeBaRKb
n +1
cMnYnKtFmCati n .
32-eK[ E = 831 743 + 709 610 , n IN
n
n n n n
cUrbgHajfa E Eckdacnwg 187 CanicRKb n IN .

n
33-cUrRsaybBaakfa1 + 12 + 13 + ..... + n1+ 1 < 2 n + 1

34-eK[ n cMnYnBitviCman a ; a ; a ; .........; a .
1 2 3 n
cUrRsaybBaakfa
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + .......... + a n n n a 1 .a 2 .a 3 ......a n
35-edaRsayRbB&nsmIkar
tan4 x + 6 tan 2 x tan 2 y + tan 4 y = 28
tan x tan y + tan x tan y = 4 3

3 3

Edl 0< x<y<
2
.
36-eK[ a,b,c CaRCugrbsRtIekaNmYynigtag p
CaknbrimaRtnRtIekaN .
-8- PaK1
cUrbgHajfa p 1 a + p 1 b + p 1 c 2 a1 + b1 + 1c

37-kcUrRsaybBaakfa
4n 3 4n 1 4n 1
4n + 1
<
4n + 1
<
4n + 3
cM e BaRKb n IN *
xTajbgHajfa
1 3 7 11 ....... (4n 1) 3
< <
2 n+1 5 9 13 ....... (4n + 1) 4n + 3
38-eK[ a ; b ; c CabIcMnYnBitviCman .
cUrbgHajfa b a+ c + c +b a + a +c b 32
39-kKNna 11.2 + 21.3 + 31.4 + .... + (n 11) n Edl n > 2
xedayeRbIvismPaB AM GM n (n 1) cMnYnxageRkam
1 1 1 1
; ; ;
1.2 2.3 3.4 (n 1) n
cUrbgHajfa n < ( n ! ) .
n 2
40-eK[ a ; b ; c CabIcMnYnBitxusBIsUn .
2 2 2
a b c a b c
cUrbgHajfa + +
+ +
b c a b c a
41-eK[ x ; y ; z CabIcMnYnBitviCmanminsUn .
cUrbgHajfa x1 + y1 + z1 x + y9 + z
2 2 2 2 2 2
-9- PaK1
1 1
42-eKman y=a 1 log a x

nig z = a 1 log a y
cUrRsayfa x=a 1 log a z

.
u 1 = 4

43-eKBinitsIVtncMnYnBit (u n ) kMnteday
u =
5u n 4
n +1 2u 1
n
cUrKNna un CaGnuKmn_n n .
u 1 = 3

44-eKBinitsIVtncMnYnBit (u n ) kMnteday
u =
3u n 4
n +1 u 1
n
cUrKNna u CaGnuKmn_n n .
n
45-eKBinitsIVtncMnYnBit (u ) kMnteday n
u 1 = 4
u n + 1 = u n , n IN *
cUrKNna u CaGnuKmn_n n .
n
46-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) kMnteday n
u =5
0 nig u = 12 u + n + 5 ( n IN )
n +1 n
cUrKNna u nsIVt (u ) CaGnuKmn_n n .

n n
- 10 - PaK1
47-edayeRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTacUrKNnalImItxageRkam
2 + 2 + 2 + ..... + 2 + 2 + x 2
L n = lim
x 2 x2
( man n raDIkal ) .
48-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (U ) kMntelI
n IN eday
U 0 = 2

U n + 1 = 2 + U n , n IN
kcUrKNna U CaGnuKmn_n n .
n
xKNnaplKuN P = U U Un 0 1 2 .
.... U n
49-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (U ) kMntelI
n IN eday
2
2 1 1 Un
U0 =
2
nig U = n +1
2
, n IN
KNna U CaGnuKmn_n n .
n
50-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) kMnteday
n
u 0 = a
2
u n +1 = u n 2 , n IN , a > 2
- 11 - PaK1
2n 2n
a+ a 4
2
a a 4
2
cUrRsaybBaakfa u n =
2

+
2

51-kcUrkMntelxnGBaat a,b,c ,d ncMnYn abcd
ebIeKdwgfa
abcd 9 = dcba
xcMeBatm a , b , c , d EdlnrkeXIjxagelIcUrbBaakfa
cMnYn abcd nig dcba suTEtCakaerkd .
52-sntfa HUNSEN CacMnYnmYymanelxRMmYyxgEdl
H , U , N , S , E , N Caelx .
eBlEdleKKuNcMnYnennwg 3 eKTTYlTplCacMnYnmanelx
RMmYyxgKW STRONG Edl S , T , R , O , N , G Caelx
cUrrkcMnYn HUNSEN nig STRONG
cMeBa N = 6 , S = 3 nigcMeBa N = 8 , S = 9 .
(GkrxusKatagedayelxxusKa ).
53-cUrbMeBjRbmaNviFIbUkxageRkam
- 12 - PaK1
S E ND
+
M O R E
M O N E Y
(GkrxusKatagedayelxxusKa )
54-eK[ A CacMnYnmYymanelxRMxgEdlelxxgvaerobtam
lMdab x ; x + 1 ; x + 2 ; x + 1 ; x ehIy B CacMnYnmYymanelx
RMmYyxgEdlelxxgvaerobtamlMdab
x ; x+1; x+ 2 ; x+1; x1; x .
cUrbgHajfaebI A CakaerRkdena B kCakaerkdEdr .

55-eK[cMnYn A = 111 .....

nig B = 444
111 .....
444

( 2n elx ) (n elx )
cUrbgHajfa A + B + 1 CakaerRkd .
56-cMnYnmYymanelxbYnxgEdlelxxgvaerobtamlMdab
a;a;b;b .
rkcMnYnenaebIeKdwgfavaCakaerRkd .
57-eKman
33 2 = 1089 , 333 2 = 110889 , 3333 2 = 11108889
- 13 - PaK1
33333 2 = 1111088889 .
BITahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnTUeTAnigRsaybBaakrUbmnenpg.
58-eKman
99 2 = 9801 , 999 2 = 998001 , 9999 2 = 99980001
99999 2 = 9999800001 .
BITahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnTUeTAnigRsaybBaakrUbmnenpg.
59-eKman
66 2 = 4356 , 666 2 = 443556 , 6666 2 = 44435556
66666 2 = 4444355556 .
BITahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnTUeTAnigRsaybBaakrUbmnenpg
60- eKman
6 2 5 2 = 11 , 56 2 45 2 = 1111 , 556 2 445 2 = 111111
5556 2 4445 2 = 11111111 .
BITahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnTUeTA nigRsaybBaakrUbmnenpg
- 14 - PaK1
61-eK[ A = a a ..........a a n n 1 1 0
nig B = a a .........a 2 a
n n 1 1 0
Rsayfa A Eckdacnwg 7 luRtaEt B Eckdacnwg 7 .
62-eK[cMnYn A = a a ......a a a n n 1 2 1 0
Edl a , a , a , ....., a Caelx .

0 1 2 n
cUrRsayfacMnYn A Eckdacnwg 6 kalNa

y = 4(a + a + ... + a ) + a Eckdacnwg 6 .
1 2 n 0
63-cUrkMntelx a nig b edIm,I[cMnYn abba CaKUbncMnYnKt

64-eKtag r nig R erogKaCakaMrgVgcarikkg nigcarikeRkA
nRtIekaN ABCmYy .
kcUrRsayfa cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + Rr
xcUrRsayfa R 2 r .
65-kcUrRsayfa sin12x = cot x cot 2x
xcUrKNna S = sin1 a + 1 a + 1 a + .... + 1 a
n
sin sin sin
2 22 2n
- 15 - PaK1
x
cot
66-kcUrRsayfa 1+
1
= 2
cos x cot x
xKNnaplKuN
1 1 1 1
Pn = (1 + )(1 + )(1 + ).....(1 + )
cos a a a a
cos cos 2 cos n
2 2 2
67-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (U ) kMntelI IN eday

n
ni g
2
2 1 1 U n
U =
0 U = n+1 , n IN
2 2
n
68-cUrKNna S = cos 9 cos 49 + cos 79

3 3 3
69-eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanmMukgCamMuRsYc .

kcUrRsayfa tan A + tanB + tan C = tan A. tanB. tan C
xTajbBaakfa tan A + tan B + tan C 3 3 .
70-KNnaplbUk
S n = 9 + 99 + 999 + .... + 999
......
999

(n elx9 )
71-cUrkMntRKbKUtmKtviCman ( a , b ) ebIeKdwgfacMnYn
2
a
2ab b + 1
2
CacM
3
n n
Y Kt v C
i m
anE dr .
- 16 - PaK1
72-cUrbgHajfa
a b c
+ + 1
a + 8bc
2
b + 8ca
2
c + 8ab
2
cMeBaRKbcMnYnBitviCman a , b , c .
73-eK[ (a ) CasIVtncMnYnBitEdl a = 12
n 1
2
a
nigcMeBaRKbcMnYnKtviCman n eyIgman a n+1 = 2 n
an an + 1
cUrRsaybBaakfacMeBaRKbcMnYnKtviCman eyIgman n
a + a + a + ......... + a < 1 .
1 2 3 n
74-cUrkMntRKbKUtmKt m , n 3 ebIeKdwgfacMeBaRKb
cMnYnKtviCman a eKman aa ++aa 11 CacMnYnKt .
m
n 2
75-eK[bIcMnYnKtviCman a , b , c Edl a + b + c = 10 .
cUrrktmFMbMputn P = a b c .
4 4
76-eKmansmPaB sina x + cosb x = a +1 b
Edl a 0 , b 0 , a + b 0
8 8
cUrbgHajfa sina x + cosb x = (a +1b) .
3 3 3
- 17 - PaK1
77-eK[RtIekaN ABC mYYy .
bgHajfaebI tan A3 , tan B3 , tan C3
CassmIkar (E) : x + ax + bx + c = 0
3 2
enaeKn 3 + a = 3b + c .
78-k cUrKNnatmkdn sin 10 nig cos 10
x cUrRsayfa x + (x y ) 4(x + y ) sin 10
2 2 2 2 2
RKbcMnYn x, y IR .
79- eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (U ) kMnteday U = 2 . sin n4
n n
n
Edl n IN * .
k-cUrbgajfa 2 . cos (n +41) = cos n4 sin n4
x-Taj[nfa U = ( 2 ) cos n4 ( 2 ) cos (n +41)
n
n n +1
K-KNnaplbUk
S = U + U + U + ......... + U CaGnuKmn_n n .
n 1 2 3 n
80-eK[ n cMnYnBit a ; a ; a ; .......; a 0 .

1 2 3 n
eKtag S = a + a + an + ..... + a , n IN *
n
1 2 3 n
- 18 - PaK1
cUrRsayfaebI S a .a .a .......a a
n +1
n +1
1 2 3 n n +1
enaeKn S a a a .....a .
n
n
1 2 3 n
81-cUrbgHajfa 151 < 12 . 43 . 56 ...... 100

99
<
1
10
82-eK[ 2n cMnYnBit a ; a ; .....; a ; b ; b 1 2 n 1 2 ; ....; b n .
cUrRsayfa
2 2 2 2 2 2
(a1b1 + a2b2 + ....+ anbn )2 (a1 + a2 + ....+ an )(b1 + b2 + .....+ bn )
83-eK[ (x ) nig (y ) CasIVtcMnYnBitkMntelI IN
n n
eday x = 5 , y = 1 nigTMnakTMngkMenIn
0 0
x = x + 3x y
n +1 n
3
nig y = 3x y + y RKb n IN
n n
2
n+1 n
2
n n
3
cUrKNna x nig y CaGnuKmn_n n .

n n

- 19 - PaK1
EpkdMeNaRsay
- 20 - PaK1
lMhatTI1
BIcMnYnBitviCman x nig y epgpatTMnakTMng 4x + 3y = 11
cUrkMntrtmGtibrmanGnuKmn_
f ( x , y ) = ( x + 6)( y + 7)( 3x + 2y )
dMeNaRsay
kMntrtmGtibrmanGnuKmn_
f ( x , y ) = ( x + 6)( y + 7)( 3x + 2y )
tamvismPaB AM GM eyIgn
( x + 6) + ( y + 7 ) + ( 3x + 2y ) 3
( x + 6)( y + 7 )( 3x + 2y )
3
4x + 3y + 13 3
f (x , y )
3
3
4x + 3y + 13
eKTaj f (x , y ) eday 4x + 3y = 11
3
3
11 + 13
eKn f (x , y ) = 512 .
3
dUcentmGtibrmanGnuKmn_ f ( x , y ) esInwg 512 .
- 21 - PaK1
lMhatTI2

cUrkMntRKbtm x kgcena ]0; [
2
edaydwgfa
3 1 3+1
+ =4 2
sin x cos x
dMeNaRsay

kMntRKbtm x kgcena ]0; [
2
3 1 3+1
+ = 4 2 (1)
sin x cos x

eKBinit sin = sin
12 3 4

= sin cos sin cos
3 4 4 3
3 2 2 1 6 2
= . . =
2 2 2 2 4

ehIy cos = cos
12 3 4

= cos cos + sin sin
3 4 3 2
1 2 3 2 6+ 2
= . + . =
2 2 2 2 4
- 22 - PaK1
smIkar (1) GacsresreTACa
3 1 3+1
2 2 + 2 2 =2
sin x cos x
6 2 6+ 2
4 + 4 =2
sin x cos x

sin cos
12 + 12 = 2
sin x cos x

sin cos x + sin x cos = 2 sin x cos x
12 12

sin + x = sin 2x
12

12 + x = 2x
eday 0<x< enaeKTajn
2 + x = 2x
12
11
eKTaj x=
12
x=
36
( epgpatnwglkx&NEdl[ )
11
dUcen x{
12 36
; }.
- 23 - PaK1
lMhatTI3
enAkgRtIekaN ABC mYyEdl BC = a , AC = b , AB = c
cUrbgHajfa sin A2 b a+ c rYcsresrTMnakTMngBIreTotEdl
RsedogKa .
dMeNaRsay
bgHajfa sin A2 b a+ c
tamRTwsIbTsIunUs sina A = sinb B = sinc C = 2R
Edl R CakaMrgVgcarwkeRkARtIekaN ABC .
eKTaj a = 2R sin A , b = 2R sin B , c = 2R sin C
eKman b a+ c = 2R sin2RB sin A
+ 2R sin C
A A
a sin A 2 sincos
= = 2 2
b + c sin B + sin C 2 sin B + C cos B C
2 2
A A
a sin cos
= 2 2
b + c sin( A ) cos B C

2 2 2
- 24 - PaK1
A A A
a sin cos sin
=
A
2
B
2 =
C B
2
C
(1)
b + c cos cos cos
2 2 2
BC
eday 0 | B C| < ena 0 < cos
2
1
A
sin
tam (1) eKTaj a
= 2 sin A .
b + c cos B C 2
2
A a
dUcen sin
2 b+c
.
TMnakTMngBIreTotEdlRsedogKaenKW
B b C c
sin
2 c+a
ni g sin
2 a+b
.
"""""
- 25 - PaK1
lMhatTI4
eKyk I tag[cena [ 4 ; 4 ] . cUrkMntGnuKmn_ f
kMntelI [ 1 , 1 ] ebIeKdwgfa f (sin 2x) = sin x + cos x
rYcsRmYl f (tan x) cMeBaRKb x kgcena I .
2
dMeNaRsay
kMntGnuKmn_ f
eKman f (sin 2x) = sin x + cos x
elICakaer f (sin 2x) = (sin x + cos x)
2 2
f 2 (sin 2x ) = sin 2 x + 2 sin x cos x + cos 2 x

f 2 (sin 2x ) = 1 + sin 2x

eday sin x + cos x = 2 sin( + x)
4
cMeBaRKb x I
eKn .
f (sin 2x ) > 0
ehtuen f (sin 2x) = 1 + sin 2x tag z = sin 2x
dUcen f (z ) = 1 + z cMeBa 1 < z < 1 .
mageTotRKb x [ 4 , 4 ] eKman 1 tan x 1
- 26 - PaK1
naM[ 0 tan x 1 .
2
1 1
dUcen f (tan x) = 1 + tan
2 2
x= =
cos 2 x cos x
.
lMhatTI5
cUrbgHajfa tan 3a tan 2a tan a = tan 3a tan 2a tan a
Edl a k2 RKbcMnYnKtrWTLaTIhV k .
dMeNaRsay
bgHajfa tan 3a tan 2a tan a = tan 3a tan 2a tan a
eKman tan 3a = tan(2a + a)
tan 2a + tan a
tan 3a =
1 tan 2a tan a
tan 3a(1 tan 2a tan a ) = tan 2a + tan a
tan 3a tan 3a tan 2a tan a = tan 2a + tan a
dYcen tan 3a tan 2a tan a = tan 3a tan 2a tan a .
- 27 - PaK1
lMhatTI6
(1 + 2ab )
a b
cUrbgHajfa 1 + 1 +
2
sin x cos x

cMeBaRKb a>0,b>0,0<x<
2
dMeNaRsay
bgHajfa 1 + sina x 1 + cosb x (1 + 2ab )
2

eKman (1 + sina x ) (1 + cosb x ) = 1 + sina x + cosb x + sin xabcos x
tamvismPaB AM GM eKman
a b 2 ab
+
sin x cos x sin x cos x
a b 2 ab ab
eKn (1 +
sin x
)(1 +
cos x
) 1+ +
a b ab
(1 + )(1 + ) (1 + )2
a b 2ab 2
(1 + ) (1 + ) (1 + ) (1 + 2ab )2
sin x cos x sin 2x

BIeRBaRKb 0<x<
2
eKman sin 2x 1 .
- 28 - PaK1
lMhatTI7
eK[ctuekaNEkg ABCD mYyEdl BC = 3AB .
P nig Q CaBIrcMnucnRCug [BC]Edl BP = PQ = QC .
cUrbgHajfa DQC = DBC + DPC .
dMeNaRsay
bgHajfa DQC = DBC + DPC
A D
B P Q C
tag DBC = ; DPC = ; DQC =

eyIgman tan = 13 , tan = 12 , tan = 1
1 1
+
tan + tan
eday tan( + ) = = 2
1 tan tan 1 1
3 = 1 = tan
6
dUcen += DQC = DBC + DPC .
- 29 - PaK1
lMhatTI8
eK[ z nig z CacMnYnkMupicBIr .
1 2
cUrRsayfa | z + z | + | z z | = 2(| z
1 2
2
1 2
2
1 |2 + | z 2 |2 )
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa | z + z | + | z z | = 2(| z
1 2
2
1 2
2
1 |2
+ | z 2 |2
)
eKman | z + z | = (z + z )( z + z )
1 2
2
1 2 1 2
| z 1 + z 2 |2 = z 1 z1 + z 1 z 2 + z1z 2 + z 2 z 2
| z 1 + z 2 |2 =| z 1 |2 + z 1 z 2 + z1z 2 + | z 2 |2 (1)
ehIy | z 1 z 2 |2 = ( z 1 z 2 )( z1 z 2 )
| z 1 z 2 |2 = z 1 z1 z 1 z 2 z1z 2 + z 2 z 2
| z 1 z 2 |2 =| z 1 |2 z 1 z 2 z1z 2 + | z 2 |2 (2 )
bUkTMnakTMng (1) nig (2 ) eKn
| z 1 + z 2 |2 + | z 1 z 2 |2 = 2 ( | z 1 |2 + | z 2 |2 ) .
- 30 - PaK1
lMhatTI9
eK[ z nig z CacMnYnkMupicBIrEdl | z
1 2 1 | = | z2 | = 1
nig z .z 1 .
1 2
cUrRsayfa 1z+ +z zz CacMnYnBitmYy .

1 2
1 2
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa 1z+ +z zz CacMnYnBitmYy
1 2
1 2
z1 + z 2 z1 + z 2
tag Z=
1 + z 1z 2
ena Z=
1 + z1 .z 2
1 1
eday z 1 .z1 = | z 1 |2 = 1 ena z1 =
z1
ehIydUcKa z2 =
z2
1 1
+
z1 z 2 z + z1
eKn Z= = 2
1 1 z 2 z1 + 1
=Z
1+ .
z1 z 2
z + z2
eday Z=Z Z= 1ena
1 + z 1z 2
CacMnYnBit .
- 31 - PaK1
lMhatTI10
KNnalImItxageRkam
12 + 12 + 12 + ... + 12 + 12 + x 4
lim
x4 x4
man n skaer .
dMeNaRsay
KNnalImIt
tag L = lim 12 +
n
x4
12 + 12 + ... + 12 +
x4
12 + x 4
( man n skaer )
eKn
12 + 12 + ... + 12 + 12 + x 4
L n1 = lim
x 4 x4
( man n 1 skaer )
sntfa f (x) = 12 + 12 + 12 + ... + 12 + 12 + x 4
n
nig f (x) = 12 + 12 + 12 + ... + 12 + 12 + x + 4

n
- 32 - PaK1
eKman
fn ( x).fn ( x ) = 12 + 12 + 12 + ... + 12 + 12 + x 16
fn ( x).fn ( x ) = 12 + 12 + ..... + 12 + 12 + x 4 = fn 1 ( x)
f (x)
eKTaj fn ( x ) = n 1
fn ( x )
fn 1 ( x ) f (x) 1
eKn L n = lim
x 4 ( x 4) f ( x )
= lim n 1 . lim
x4 x 4 x 4 f (x)
n n
1
Ln = Ln 1 . eday
fn (4)
f n ( 4) = 8
1
eKn Ln = Ln 1
8
naM[ CasIVtFrNImaRtmanersug
(Ln )
1 12 + x 4
q=
8
nigtY L1 = lim .
x4 x4
tamrUbmntYTI eKn n L n = L1 q n 1
eday L = lim 12x+x4 4 = lim 12 +1x + 4 = 18

1
x4 x4
nig q = 18 ena Ln =
1
8n
.
dUcen
12 + 12 + 12 + ... + 12 + 12 + x 4 1
lim
x4 x4
=
8n
.
- 33 - PaK1
lMhatTI11
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) kMnteday
n
4
u
u = 1 nig u =
0 n+1 RKb
3
n
2 n IN
4u + 6u + 4u + 1
n n n
4
1 1
cUrbgHajfa 1+
un + 1
= 1 +
un
RKb n IN

rYcKNna un CaGnuKmn_n n .
dMeNaRsay
4
1 1
bgHajfa 1+ = 1 +
un + 1 un
3 2
1 4u n + 6un + 4u n + 1
eyIgman 1+
un + 1
= 1+
un
4
4 3 2
u + 4u n + 6u n + 4u n + 1
= n 4
un
4
(u n + 1)4 1
= 4 =
1 +
un un
4
1 1
dUcen 1+
un + 1
= 1 +
un
.

- 34 - PaK1
KNna un CaGnuKmn_n n
4
1 1
eyIgman 1+ = 1 +
un + 1 un
1 1
eKn ln 1 + = 4 ln 1 +
un + 1 un

1 1
tag v n = ln 1 +
un
naM[
v n + 1 = ln 1 +
un + 1

eKn v = 4v .n+1 n
TMnakTMngenbBaakfa ( v ) CasIVtFrNImaRtmanersug
n q=4
nigtY v = ln 1 + u1 = ln 2 ( eRBa u = 1 ) .
0 0
0
tamrUbmn v = v .q = 4
n 0
n n
ln 2 .
eday v = ln 1 + u1
n
n
1 1
eKTaj ln 1 + = 4n ln 2
un
naM[ 1+
un
= 24
n

1
dUcen un = 4n .
2 1
- 35 - PaK1
lMhatTI12
KNna
n n +1
Pn = (1 x + x 2 )(1 x 2 + x4 ).....(1 x 2 + x 2 )
dMeNaRsay
KNna
n n +1
Pn = (1 x + x 2 )(1 x 2 + x4 ).....(1 x 2 + x 2 )
eKman 1 + a + a 2 4
= (1 + a 2 )2 a 2 = (1 a + a 2 )(1 + a + a 2 )
1 + a2 + a4
eKTaj 1 a + a = 2
1 + a + a2
yk a=x 2k
2 k +1 2k+2
1 + x + x
eKn k
1 x2 + x2 =
k + 1
k k +1
1 + x2 + x2
n 1 + x2 2k+2
k +1 2 n +1 2 n+ 2
+ x 1 + x + x
Pn = =
1 + x 2k
+ x 2 k +1 1 + x + x 2
k =0

2 n +1 2 n+ 2
1+ x +x
dUcen Pn =
1 + x + x2
.
- 36 - PaK1
lMhatTI13
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanRCugRbEvg a , b , c .
knbnatBunmMu C kat [AB] RtgcMnuc D .
cUrRsayfa CD = a2+abb cos C2 .
C
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa CD = a2+abb cos C2
eyIgman S = S + S
ABC ACD CDB
1 A D B
eday S = 2 ab sin C
ABC
1 C 1 C
SACD = b CD sin
2 2
ni g S = a CD sin
2
CDB
2
eKn 12 ab sibC = 12 b.CD sin C2 + 12 a.CD sin C2
eKTaj CD = ab sin C C = a2+abb cos C2 .
(a + b ) sin
2
2ab C
dUcen CD =
a+b
cos
2
.
- 37 - PaK1
lMhatTI14
KNnaplbUk
S n = 1.1!+2.2!+3.3!+..... + n.n!
Edl n! = n(n 1)(n 2)....3.2.1 .
dMeNaRsay
KNnaplbUk
S n = 1.1!+2.2!+3.3!+..... + n.n!
eKman k .k! = [(k + 1) 1 ] .k!
k .k! = (k + 1).k!k!
k .k! = (k + 1)!k!
eKn S n = ( 2!1! ) + ( 3!2! ) + (4!3! ) + ... + (n + 1)!n!
dUcen S n = (n + 1)!1 .
"""""
- 38 - PaK1
lMhatTI15
KNnatm
dMeNaRsay
KNnatm A
sin 61o
eKman 3 + tan 1 = tan 60 + tan 1 =
0 o o
cos 60o cos 1o

sin 62o
3 + tan 2 = tan 60 + tan 2 =
o o o
cos 60o cos 2o

sin 63o
3 + tan 3 = tan 60 + tan 3 =
o o o
cos 60o cos 3o

sin 89o
3 + tan 29 = tan 60 + tan 29 =
0 o o
cos 60o cos 29o

sin 61o. sin 62o. sin 63o .... sin 89o 1
eKn A= =
(cos 60o )29 cos 1o cos 2o cos 3o ... cos 29o (cos 60o )29
1
eday cos 60o =
2
dUcen A = 229 = 536870912 .
- 39 - PaK1
lMhatTI16
eK[ x , y , z CacMnYnBitEdlepgpatlkx&N
cos x + cos y + cos z = 0 nig cos 3x + cos 3y + cos 3z = 0
cUrbgHajfa cos 2x cos 2y cos 2z 0 .
dMeNaRsay
bgHajfa cos 2x cos 2y cos 2z 0
tamrUbmn cos 3a = 4 cos a 3 cos a3
eKTaj 4 cos x = 3 cos x + cos 3x (1)

3
4 cos 3 y = 3 cos y + cos 3y ( 2)

4 cos 3 z = 3 cos z + cos 3z ( 3)
bUkTMnakTMng (1) , ( 2) , ( 3) eKn
4 cos 3 x + 4 cos 3 y + 4 cos 3 z = 0
cos x + cos y + cos z = 0
3 3 3
(eRBa cos x + cos y + cos z = 0 nig cos 3x + cos 3y + cos 3z = 0 )

eKman cos x + cos y + cos z = 0
eKn cos x + cos y = cos z
- 40 - PaK1
elIkCaKUbeKn
(cos x + cos y )3 = cos 3 z
cos 3 x + 3 cos x cos y (cos x + cos y ) + cos 3 y = cos 3 z
cos 3 x 3 cos x cos y cos z + cos 3 y = cos 3 z
cos 3 x + cos 3 y + cos 3 x = 3 cos x cos y cos z
eday cos x + cos y + cos z = 0
3 3 3
eKTaj 3 cos x cos y cos z = 0

naM[ cos x = 0 cos y = 0 cos z = 0 .
edaysntyk cos x = 0 ena cos y = cos z
eKn
cos 2x cos 2y cos 2z = ( 2 cos 2 x 1)( 2 cos 2 y 1)( 2 cos 2 z 1)
cos 2x cos 2y cos 2z = ( 2 cos 2 z 1)2 0
dUcenbBaHaRtUvnRsaybBaak .
"""""
- 41 - PaK1
lMhatTI17
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYy . bnatBumMu A , B , C katRCug
[BC] , [ AC] , [ AB] erogKaRtg A' , B' , C' .
cUrRsayfa
BC C A AB
2 + 2 + 2 =0
AA' BB' CC'
dMeNaRsay
C
A C' B
eyIgman S ABC = S ACC' + SCC'B

1
eday S ABC =
2
ab sin C
1 C 1 C
S ACC' = b CC' sin
2 2
nigS CC'B = a CC' sin
2 2
1 1 C 1 C
eKn 2
ab sibC = b.CC' sin + a.CC' sin
2 2 2 2
- 42 - PaK1
ab sin C 2ab C
eKTaj CC' =
C
=
a+b
cos (1)
2
(a + b ) sin
2
AB A+B
a b sin A sin B 2 sin cos
eKman c
=
sin C
= 2
C C
2
2 sin cos
2 2
A+B C C
eday cos = cos = sin
2 2 2 2
AB
ab sin C c AB
eKn c
= 2
C
naM[ cos =
2 a b
. sin(
2
)
cos
2
2abc AB
tam (1) eKn CC' = 2
a b 2
sin(
2
)
AB
sin( ) a2 b2
eKTaj CC'
2 =
2abc
.
BC C A
sin( ) b 2 c 2 sin( ) c2 a2
dUcKaEdr AA'
2 =
2abc
;
BB'
2 =
2abc
BC C A AB
dUcen AA'
2 +
BB'
2 +
CC'
2 =0 .
- 43 - PaK1
lMhatTI18
eK[BhuFa P(x) = (x sin a + cos a) Edl n IN *
n
cUrrksMNlnviFIEckrvag P(x) nwg x + 1 .

2
dMeNaRsay
sMNlnviFIEck
tag R(x) CasMNlnviFIEckrvag P(x) nwg x + 1
2
-ebI n = 1 ena P(x) = x sin a + cos a

dUcen R(x) = x sin a + cos a CasMnlnviFIEck .
-ebI n 2 eKn P(x) = (x + 1)Q(x) + R(x)
2
Edl Q(x) CaplEck nwg R(x) = Ax + B

eKn (x sin a + cos a) = (x + 1)Q(x) + Ax + B
n 2
ebI x = i ena (i sin a + cos a) = Ai + B

n
cos(na) + i. sin(na) = B + i.A

eKTaj A = sin(na) nig B = cos(na)
dUcen R(x) = x sin(na) + cos(na) .
- 44 - PaK1
lMhatTI19
x + y = 3 a + b
edaRsayRbB&nsmIkar 4
x y = ax by
4
Edl a nig b CacMnYnBitEdl a+b0 .

dMeNaRsay
edaRsayRbB&nsmIkar
x + y = 3 a + b a + b = ( x + y ) 3 y
4 smmUl
x y = ax by ax by = x y 1
4 4 4
ay + by = y ( x + y )3
+
ax by = x y
4 4
a( x + y ) = y ( x + y ) 3 + x 4 y 4
eday a + b 0 ena x + y 0
eKTaj a = y(x + yx) ++yx y = x
3 4 4
3
+ 3xy 2
ehIy b = (x + y ) a = 3x y + y
3 2 3
x 3 + 3xy 2 = a x + y = 3 a + b
eKnRbB&n 2 naM[
3x y + y = b x y = a b
3 3
3
a+b+3 ab 3
a+b 3 ab
dUcen x=
2
; y=
2
.
- 45 - PaK1
lMhatTI20
9999 1
cUrbgHajfa
n = 1 ( n +
=9
n + 1 )( 4 n + 4 n + 1 )
dMeNaRsay
bgHajfa ( 1
9999
=9

n =1 n + n + 1 )( n + n + 1 )
4 4
eKman ( 4 n + 1 + 4 n )( 4 n + 1 4 n ) = n + 1 n
1
( 4 n + 1 + 4 n )( 4 n + 1 4 n ) =
n+1+ n
1
eKTaj ( n + n + 1 )( n + n + 1 )
4 4
= 4 n+14 n
9999 1 9999 4
= ( n + 1 4
n)
n = 1 ( n + n + 1 )( n + n + 1 ) n = 1
4 4
= 4 10000 1 = 9
9999 1
dUcen
n = 1 ( n +
=9
n + 1 )( 4 n + 4 n + 1 )
.
"""""
- 46 - PaK1
lMhatTI21
eK[GnuKmn_ f kMntRKb x IR { 1 ; 0 } eday
1
x( 2x + 1)f ( x) + f ( ) = x + 1
x
.
cUrKNna S = f (1) + f ( 2) + f ( 3) + .... + f ( 2009)
dMeNaRsay
KNna S = f (1) + f (2) + f (3) + .... + f (2009)
eKman x(2x + 1)f (x) + f ( 1x ) = x + 1 (1)
CMnYs x eday 1x kgsmIkar (1) eKn
1 2 1 1
( + 1)f ( ) + f ( x ) = + 1
x x x x
1 x2 x2 + x
f( ) + f ( x) = ( 2)
x x+2 x+2
dksmIkar (1) nig ( 2) Gg:nwgGg:eKn
x2 x2 + x
x( 2x + 1) x + 2 f ( x ) = x + 1 x + 2

2x( x + 1)2 2x + 2
f ( x) =
x+2 x+2
1 1 1
eKTajn f ( x) = =
x( x + 1) x x + 1
- 47 - PaK1
2009

2009 1 1 1 2008
eKn S = [f (k )] = = 1 =
k =1 k = 1 k k + 1 2009 2009
2008
dUcen S = f (1) + f ( 2) + f ( 3) + .... + f ( 2009) =
2009
.
lMhatTI22
cUrkMntRKbKU ncMnYnKtviCmanebIeKdwgfa
(m ; n )
m2 + n2 = 13(m + n ) .
dMeNaRsay
kMntRKbKU (m ;n )
eKman m + n = 13(m + n) (1)
2 2
-krNITI1 m = n
eKn 2n = 26n naM[ n = 13
2
dUcen m = n = 13 .
-krNITI2 m n
eyIgBiniteXIjfaebI (m ;n ) CaKUcemIyrbs (1) enaeKn
(n ; m ) kCaKUcemIyrbs (1) Edr .
sntfa m < n . tamvismPaB Cauchy Schwarz
- 48 - PaK1
eyIgman (m + n )2 < 2(m 2 + n 2 )
(m + n )2 < 26(m + n )
m + n < 26
eday m < n enaeKn 2m < m + n < 26 m < 13
eday m IN * enaeKTaj 1 m 12 .
mageTotsmIkar (1) Gacsresr
n 2 13n + m 2 13m = 0 ( 2)
DIsRKImINg = 169 4(m 13m)
2
smIkar (2) mancemIykg IN * kalNa CakaerRkd

ncMnYnKtviCmaness .
eKyk 169 4(m 13m) = (2k + 1) k IN
2 2
eKn 168 4(m 13m) = (2k + 1) 1 = 4k (k + 1)

2 2
eKTaj k (k + 1) = 42 + m(13 m) eday 1 m 12

enatmEdlGacrbsplKuN k (k + 1) KW
k (k + 1) = { 54 , 64 , 72 , 78 , 82 , 84 } .
kgtmTaMgRMmYyentmEdlCaplKuNcMnYnKttKamanEt
tm 72 = 8 9 mYyKtEdlRtUvnwg m = { 3 ; 10 } .
- 49 - PaK1
-cMeBa m = 3 eKn n 13n 30 = (n 15)(n + 2) = 0
2
naM[ n = 15 .
-cMeBa m = 10 eKn n 13n 30 = (n 15)(n + 2) = 0
2
naM[ n = 15 .
srubmkeKTTYlnKUcemIyMKUKW
(m ; n ) = { ( 3 ;15 ); (10 ;15) ; (13 ;13 ) ; (15 ; 3 ) ; (15 ;10 ) } .
"""""
- 50 - PaK1
lMhatTI23
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYyEkgRtg A . eKyk E [AC]
nig F [AB] Edl AEF = ABC nig AFE = ACB .
eKtag E' nig F' erogKaCaeCIgcMeNalEkgn E nig F
elIRCug [BC] .
cUrRsayfa E' E + EF + FF' BC ?
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa E' E + EF + FF' BC
A
E
F
B F' E' C
tag BC = a , AC = b , AB = c .
RtIekaNEkg ABC nig AFE manmMu AEF = ABC
vaCaRtIekaNdUcKa .
- 51 - PaK1
AE AF EF
eKnpleFobdMnUc AB =
AC BC
= =k
Edl k > 0 tag[pleFobdMnUc .

eKTaj AE = ck , AF = bk , EF = ak .
RtIekaNEkg ABC nig EE'C manmMu ACB rYmvaCaRtIekaN
AB BC AB.EC
dUcKa . eKn EE =
' EC
naM [ EE' =
BC
eday EC = AC AE = b ck
eKn EE' = c(b a ck ) .
dUcKaEdreKTaj FF' = b(c a bk )
eKn E' E + EF + FF' = c(b a ck ) + ak + b(c a bk )
bc c 2k + a 2k + bc b 2k
=
a
2bc + k (a 2 b 2 c 2 ) 2bc
= =
a a
BIeRBakgRtIekaNEkgABC eKman (BItaK&r)
a2 = b2 + c2
tamvismPaB AM GM eKman a = b + c 2bc
2 2 2
eKTaj 2abc a = BC .dUcen E' E + EF + FF' BC .
- 52 - PaK1
lMhatTI24
eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitviCman . cUrRsaybBaakfa
b+c c+a a+b
+ + 2
a + 4(b + c ) b + 4(c + a ) c + 4(a + b )
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa
b+c c+a a+b
+ + 2
a + 4(b + c ) b + 4(c + a ) c + 4(a + b )
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
eKman b + c = (b + c) 3bc(b + c)
3 3 3
tamvismPaB AM GM eKman b + c 2 bc
2
eKTaj bc b 2+ c naM[ 3bc(b + c) 43 (b + c) 3

eKn b + c (b + c) 43 (b + c) = 14 (b + c)
3 3 3 3 3
eKTaj b + c 4(b + c )
3 3 3
a + b + c a + 4(b + c )
3 3 3
b+c b+c
naM[
a+b+c
(1)
a + 3 4(b 3 + c 3 )
- 53 - PaK1
c+a c+a
dUcKaEdr (2 )
b + 4(c + a ) a + b + c
3 3 3
a+b a+b
nig
+ +
(3 ) .
c + 4(a + b )
3 3 3
a b c
edaybUkTMnakTMng (1) , ( 2) , ( 3) eKn
b+c c+a a+b
+ + 2 .
a + 4(b + c ) b + 4(c + a ) c + 4(a + b )
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
lMhatTI25
a 0 = a 1 = 1
eK[sIVtcMnYnBit
an + 1 = 2an an 1 + 2 , n 1
cUrRsayfa an 2 + 1 = an an + 1 .
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa a = a a n 2 +1 n n+1
eKman a = 2a a
n +1 n n 1
tag c = a a RKb
n n n 1 n1
eKn c = a a
n+1 n+1 n
cn + 1 = ( 2an an 1 + 2) an = cn + 2
- 54 - PaK1
TMnakTMngenbBaakfa (c ) CasIVtnBVnmanplsgrYm
n d=2
nigtY c = a a = 1 1 = 0 .
1 1 0
eKn c = c + (n 1)d = 2(n 1) = 2n 2

n 1
eKTaj a a = 2n 2
n n 1
n n
(ak ak 1 ) = 2 (k 1)
k =1 k =1
n(n 1)
an a 0 = 2
2
an 1 = n(n 1)
eKTaj a n = n2 n + 1 nig a n + 1 = (n + 1)2 (n + 1) + 1
a =n
n+1
2
+n+1 nig an 2 + 1 = n 4 + n 2 + 1
eday a a n n+1 = (n 2 n + 1)(n 2 + n + 1) = (n 2 + 1)2 n 2
aa n n+1 = n4 + n2 + 1 .
dUcen a n 2 +1
= an an + 1 .
"""""
- 55 - PaK1
lMhatTI26
kgRtIekaN ABC mYycUrRsaybBaakfa
1 1 1 R
+ + 4
A B C r
sin sin sin
2 2 2
Edl r nig R CakaMrgVgcarwkkg nig carwkeRkARtIekaN .
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa 1 A + B C
1
+
1
4
R
r
(1)
sin sin sin
2 2 2
tag BC = a , AC = b , AB = c
tamRTwsIbTkUsIunUskgRtIekaN ABC eKman
A
a = b + c 2bc. cos A eday cos A = 1 2 sin
2 2 2 2
2
ena a = b + c 2bc(1 2 sin A2 )
2 2 2 2
A a 2 (b c)2 (a + b c)(a b + c)
eKTaj sin
2
=2
4bc
=
4bc
a+b+c
tag p=
2
( knbrimaRtnRtIekaN )
eKn a + b c = 2(p c) nig
a b + c = 2(p b )
- 56 - PaK1
A (p b )(p c)
eKn sin 2
2
=
bc
A (p b )(p c)
naM[ sin =
2 bc
. dUcKaEdreKTaj
B (p a )(p c) C (p a )(p b )
sin = ; sin =
2 ac 2 ab
A B C (p a )(p b )(p c)
eKn sin sin sin =
2 2 2 abc
abc
eKman S = p(p a )(p b )(p c) = pr =
4R
S2
eKTaj abc = 4R .S nig(p a )(p b )(p c) =
p
= r .S
A B C r .S r
eKn sin sin sin =
2 2 2 4R .S 4R
= .
vismPaB (1) smmUleTAnwg
1 1 1 1
+ + 4
A B C A B C
sin sin sin 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
B C C A A B
sin sin sin sin sin sin
2
A
2 + 2
B
2 + 2
C
2 2 (2 )
sin sin sin
2 2 2
B C (p a )2 (p b )(p c) p a A
eday sin sin =
2 2 a 2bc
=
a
sin
2
- 57 - PaK1
B C
sin sin
eKTaj 2 2 = pa . dUcKaEdreKTajn
A a
sin
2
C A A B
sin sin sin s in
2 2 = pb nig 2 2 = pc
B b C c
sin sin
2 2
vismPaB (2 )smmUleTAnwg
pa pb pc
+ + 2
a b c
tamvismPaB AM GM eKn
p a 2(p a )
p = (p a ) + a 2 (p a)a naM[
a p
p b 2(p b ) p c 2(p c)
dUcKaEdr b

p
nig c

p
eKn
pa pb pc (p a ) + (p b ) + (p c )
+ + 2
a b c p
pa pb pc
a
+
b
+
c
2 Bit
1 1 1 R
dUcen A
+
B
+
C
4
r
.
sin sin sin
2 2 2
- 58 - PaK1
lMhatTI27
eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitviCmanEdl 4abc = a + b + c + 1
crbgH
UrbgHajfa
b2 + c2 c2 + a2 a2 + b2
+ + 2(ab + bc + ca)
a b c
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa
b2 + c2 c2 + a2 a2 + b2
+ + 2(ab + bc + ca )
a b c
4abc = a + b + c + 1 44 abc naM[ abc 1
eKTaj a + b + c = 4abc 1 3abc (1) ( eRBa abc 1 )
b 2 + c 2 c 2 + a 2 a 2 + b 2 2bc 2ca 2ab
+ + + + (2 )
a b c a b c
tamvismPaB Cauchy - Schwarz eKman
(ab + bc + ca)2 3 [(ab )2 + (bc )2 + (ca)2 ]
2bc 2ca 2ab 2
eday a
+
b
+
c
=
abc
[ (bc)2 + (ca)2 + (ab )2 ]
- 59 - PaK1
eKTaj 2abc + 2bca + 2ab
c

2
3abc
(ab + bc + ca) 2
(3 )
tam (2) nig (3) eKTajn
b 2 + c2 c2 + a2 a2 + b 2 2
+ + (ab + bc + ca )2 (4 )
a b c 3abc
(ab )2 + (bc )2 2ab 2c

eyIgman (bc ) + (ca) 2abc
2 2 2
(ca)2 + (ab )2 2a 2bc

eKn 2 [ (ab )2 + (bc )2 + (ca)2 ] 2abc(a + b + c)
(ab )2 + (bc )2 + (ca)2 abc(a + b + c)

EfmGg:TaMgBIrnwg 2(ab)(bc) + 2(ab)(ca) + 2(bc)(ca)
eKn (ab + bc + ca) 3abc(a + b + c)
2
eKman a + b + c 3abc ( tam (1) )

eKTaj (ab + bc + ca) 9a b c 2 2 2 2
ab + bc + ca 3abc
2
naM[ 3abc (ab + bc + ca) 2(ab + bc + ca) (5 )
2
tam (4) nig (5) eKTajn

b +c c +a a +b
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + 2(ab + bc + ca) .
a b c
- 60 - PaK1
lMhatTI28
eK[sIVt { a } kMnteday
n
a = 1 nig a = a .a ....a + 4 cMeBaRKb n 1 .

0 n +1 0 1 n
cUrbgHajfa a a = 2 cMeBaRKb n 1 .
n n +1
dMeNaRsay
bgHajfa a a = 2
n n +1
eyIgseg;teXIjfaRKb k IN eKmann ak > 0 .

eKman a = a .a ....a + 4
n +1 0 1 n
eKn a = a .a .....a + 4
n+ 2 0 1 n+1
an + 2 = (a 0 .a1 .....an )(a 0 .a1 .....an + 4) + 4

an + 2 = (a 0a1 .....an )2 + 4(a 0 .a1 ....an ) + 4
an + 2 = (a 0a1 .....an + 2)2
eKTaj an + 2 = a 0a1 .....an + 2
a n + 2 = (a n + 1 4) + 2 an + 1 an + 2 = 2
dUcen an an + 1 = 2 .
- 61 - PaK1
lMhatTI29
eK[ a , b , c CabIcMnYnBitviCmanEdl ab + bc + ca = 1 .
cUrbgHajfa (a + b1 ) + (b + 1c ) + (c + a1 ) 16
2 2 2
dMeNaRsay
bgHajfa (a + b1 ) 2 1 1
+ (b + )2 + (c + )2 16
c a
tag A = (a + b1 ) 2 1 1
+ (b + ) 2 + (c + ) 2
c a
1 1 1 a b c
= a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + +
a b c b c a
1 ab + bc + ca b c bc
eyIgBinit a2
=
a2
= + + 2
a a a
1 ab + bc + ca a c ac
= = + + 2
b2 b2 b b b
1 ab + bc + ca b a ab
= = + + 2
c2 c2 c c c
a b b c a c bc ca ab
+ 2 ; + 2, + 2 , 2 + 2 + 2 3
b a c b c a a b c
1 1 1
eKn + + 2+ 2+ 2+ 3= 9
a2 b 2 c2
- 62 - PaK1
ehIy ba + bc + ac 3 ba . bc . ac = 3
3
mageTot a + b 2ab , b + c 2bc ; c + a

2 2 2 2 2 2
2ca
naM[ 2a + 2b + 2c 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
2 2 2
naM[ a + b + c ab + bc + ca = 1
2 2 2
eKn A 1 + 9 + 2(3) = 16 .
dUcen (a + b1 ) + (b + 1c ) + (c + a1 ) 16 .
2 2 2
lMhatTI30
eK[ 2 = 2 cos 2 , 2 + 2 = 2 cos 2 , 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 cos 2
2 3 4
BITahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnTUeTA nig RsaybBaak

rUbmnenapg .
dMeNaRsay
rkrUbmnTUeTA
eKman 2 = 2 cos 2 2
, 2 + 2 = 2 cos

23
,

2 + 2 + 2 = 2 cos
24
- 63 - PaK1
tamlMnaMTahrN_eyIgGacTajrkrUbmnTUeTAdUcxageRkam

2 + 2 + 2 + ......... + 2 = 2 cos

2
. n +1
(n)
RsaybBaakrUbmnen
eyIgtag A = 2+ 2+ 2
n + ...... + 2 RKb

n IN *
(n)
eyIgman A = 2 = 2 cos 2 Bit

1 2
eyIgbmafavaBitdltYTI p KW

A p = 2 + 2 + 2 + ...... + 2 = 2 cos p +1

2
Bit
(p)
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdltYTI p + 1 KW A = 2 cos 2 Bit p +1 p+ 2
eyIgman A = 2 + A
p +1 p
edaytamkarbma A = 2 cos 2 p p +1
eyIgn A = 2 + 2 cos 2 = 4 cos 2 = 2 cos 2 Bit

p +1 p +1
2
p+ 2 p+ 2

dUcen 2 + 2 + 2 + ......... + 2 = 2 cos n +1

2
.
(n)
- 64 - PaK1
lMhatTI31
edayeFIVvicartamkMeNIncUrRsaybBaakfacMnYn
A =2
n
6n +1
+9 Eckdacnwg11 CaniccMeBaRKb
n +1
cMnYnKtFmCati n .
dMeNaRsay
RsaybBaakfacMnYn A = 2 + 9 Eckdacnwg11
n
6n +1 n +1
-ebI n = 0 eKn A = 2 + 9 = 11 Bit ( Eckdacnwg11 )

0
-ebI n = 1 eKn A = 2 + 9 = 209 = 11 19 Bit

1
7 2
( Eckdacnwg11 ).
eyIgbmafavaBitdltYTI p KW A = 2 + 9 p
6 p +1 p +1
Eckdacnwg11 eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdltYTI P + 1 KW
A =2
p +1 +9
6p+ 7
Eckdacnwg11
p+ 2
eyIgman A = 2 + 9p +1
6p+ 7 p+ 2
A p +1 = 2 6 ( 2 6p +1 + 9 p +1 ) + (9 p + 2 2 6 .9 p +1 )
A p +1 = 64A p + 9 p +1 (9 64)
A p+1 = 64A p 55.9 p +1
- 65 - PaK1
edaytamkarbma A Eckdacnwg11 ehIy 55.9
p
p +1
Eckdacnwg11 .
eKTajn A = 64A 55.9 Eckdacnwg 11 Bit .
p +1 p
p +1
dUcencMnYn A = 2 + 9 Eckdacnwg11 CaniccMeBa

n
6 n +1 n +1
RKbcMnYnKtFmCati n .
lMhatTI32
eK[ E = 831 743 + 709 610 , n IN
n
n n n n
cUrbgHajfa E Eckdacnwg 187 CanicRKb n IN .

n
dMeNaRsay
bgHajfa E Eckdacnwg 187 CanicRKb n IN
n
eday 187 = 11 17 Edl 11 nig 17 CacMnYnbfmrvagKa .

dUcenedIm,IRsayfa E Eckdacnwg 187 eyIgEtUvRsay
n
[eXIjfa E Eckdac 11 nig 17 .

n
eKman a b = (a b)(a + a b + .... + b ) = (a b) . N

n n n 1 n 2 n 1
- 66 - PaK1
Edl N = a n 1
+ a n 2 b + ....... + b n 1
eKn E n = 831n 743 n + 709 n 610 n , n IN
= (831n 743 n ) + (709 n 610 n )
= (831 743) p + ( 709 610) q
= 88 p + 99q = 11 ( 8p + 9q ) ; p , q IN *
eKTajn E Eckdacnwg n 11 .
mageToteKman
E n = 831n 743 n + 709 n 610 n , n IN
= ( 831n 610 n ) + ( 709 n 743 n )
= ( 831 610 ) + (709 743 )
= 221 34 = 17 (13 2 ) ; ; IN *
eKTajn En Eckdacnwg 17 .
dUcen En Eckdacnwg 187 CanicRKb n IN .
- 67 - PaK1
lMhatTI33
cUrRsaybBaakfa
1 1 1
1+ + + ..... + < 2 n+1
2 3 n+1
dMeNaRsay
RsaybBaakfa
1 1 1
1+ + + ..... + < 2 n+1
2 3 n+1
eyIgman
1 1 1
k +1 k = > =
k +1+ k k +1+ k +1 2 k +1
1
2 k +1
< k +1 k
1
ebI k =1 :
2 2
< 2 1
1
ebI k=2 :
2 3
< 3 2
1
ebI k=3 :
2 4
< 4 3
---------------------------------
ebI k = n : 2 n1 + 1 < n + 1 n
- 68 - PaK1
1 1 1 1
eKn (
2 2
+
3
+ ......... +
n+1
) < n+11
1 1 1
eKTaj 2
+
3
+ ........ +
n+1
< 2 n+12
1 1 1
1+ + + ....... + < 2 n+11
2 3 n+1
< 2 n+1
1 1 1
dUcen 1+
2
+
3
+ ..... +
n+1
< 2 n+1 .
lMhatTI34
eK[ n cMnYnBitviCman a 1 ; a 2 ; a 3 ; .........; a n .
cUrRsaybBaakfa
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + .......... + a n n n a 1 .a 2 .a 3 ......a n
dMeNaRsay
RsaybBaakfa
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + .......... + a n n n a 1 .a 2 .a 3 ......a n
-cMeBa n = 2 eKman a 1 + a 2 2 a 1a 2
smmUl ( a a 1 2 ) 2
0 Bit
- 69 - PaK1
-bmafavaBitdltYTI k KW
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + .......... + a k k k a 1 .a 2 .a 3 ......a k Bit
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdltYTI k +1 KW
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + .......... + a k + a k +1 (k + 1) k +1 a 1 .a 2 .a 3 ......a k .a k +1
tag
( x + a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + ...... + a k ) k +1
f (x) = ; x > 0 , a k 0 , k IN *
x
eyIgn
(k + 1)( x + a 1 + a 2 + .... + a k ) k x ( x + a 1 + a 2 + ..... + a k ) k +1
f ' ( x) =
x2
( x + a 1 + a 2 + .... + a k ) k [(k + 1)x ( x + a 1 + a 2 + .... + a k )]
=
x2
( x + a 1 + a 2 + .... + a k ) k (kx a 1 a 2 .... a k )
=
x2
ebI f '(x) = 0 naM[ x = a + a +k..... + a
1 2 k
cMeBa x = a + a +k..... + a eKn

1 2 k
a 1 + a 2 + .... + a k
( + a 1 + a 2 + .... + a k ) k +1
a 1 + a 2 + .... + a k k
f( )=
k a 1 + a 2 + .... + a k
k
k
a + a 2 + ...... + a k a + a 2 + ..... + a k
f( 1 ) = (k + 1) k +1 1
k k
- 70 - PaK1
( x + a 1 + a 2 + ..... + a k ) k
taragGefrPaBn f (x) =
x
x a1 + a 2 + ... + ak
o +
k
f ' ( x) . .+
f ( x)
tamtaragGefrPaBxagelIcMeBa x 0 eyIgTajn
( x + a1 + a 2 + ...... + ak )k + 1
f ( x) =
x
k
a1 + a 2 + a 3 + ..... + ak
(k + 1) k +1

k
tamkarbma a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + .......... + a k k k a 1 .a 2 .a 3 ......a k
k
a 1 + a 2 + ..... + a k
smmUl
k
a 1 .a 2 .........a k

( x + a 1 + a 2 + ....... + a k ) k +1
eKTaj x
(k + 1) k +1 a 1 a 2 ......a k
naM[ x + a + a + ..... + a (k + 1)
1 2 k
k +1
a 1 .a 2 .......a k x (*)
yk x = a > 0 CYskg (*)

k +1
- 71 - PaK1
eKn
a1 + a 2 + a 3 + ..........+ ak + ak +1 (k + 1) k +1 a1 .a 2 .a 3 ......ak .ak +1 Bit
dUcen a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + .......... + a n n n a 1 .a 2 .a 3 ......a n .
lMhatTI35
edaRsayRbB&nsmIkar

3 3

Edl 0< x<y<
2
.
dMeNaRsay
edaRsayRbB&nsmIkar

3 3
tan 4 x + 6 tan 2 x tan 2 y + tan4 y = 28 (1)

smmUl
4 tan x tan y + 4 tan x tan y = 16 3 ( 2)
3 3
- 72 - PaK1
bUksmIkar (1) nig ( 2) eKn
(tan x + tan y )4 = 28 + 16 3 = ( 4 + 2 3 )2 = (1 + 3 )4

eday 0< x<y<
2
enaeKn
0 < tan x < tan y
eKTaj tan x + tan y = 1 + 3 ( 3)
eFIVplsg (1) nig ( 2) eKn

(tan x tan y )4 = 28 16 3 = ( 4 2 3 )2 = (1 3 )4
eKTaj tan x tan y = 1 3 (4) eRBa 0 < tan x < tan y
bUksmIkar (3) nig (4) eKn 2 tan x = 2
eKTaj tan x = 1 naM[ x = 4 .
eFIVplsgsmIkar (3) nig (4) eKn 2 tan y = 2 3
eKTaj tan y = 3 naM[ y = 3 .
dUceneKnKUcemIy ( x = 4 , y = 3 ) .
- 73 - PaK1
lMhatTI36
eK[ a , b , c CaRCugrbsRtIekaNmYynigtag p
CaknbrimaRtnRtIekaN .
cUrbgHajfa p 1 a + p 1 b + p 1 c 2 a1 + b1 + 1c

dMeNaRsay
bgHajfa p 1 a + p 1 b + p 1 c 2 a1 + b1 + 1c

cMeBaRKbcMnYnBit A > 0 ; B > 0 eKman
( A B ) 2 = A 2 2 A.B + B 2 0
A 2 + 2 A.B + B 2 4 A.B
( A + B ) 2 4A .B
A+B 4
eKTajn
A.B A + B
A1 + B1 A 4+ B (1)
yk A = pa , B = pb
eKn A + B = 2p a b = c CYskg (1)
eKn p 1 a + p 1 b 4c (2) .
dUcKaEdreKTaj
- 74 - PaK1
1 1 4
+ ( 3)
pb pc a
nig p 1 c + p 1 a b4 (4)
bUkvismPaBB (2) , (3) , (4) Gg:nwgGg:eKn
2 2 2 4 4 4
+ + + +
pa pb pc a b c
1 1 1 1 1 1
dUcen + +
pa pb pc
2 + + .
a b c
lMhatTI37
kcUrRsaybBaakfa
4n 3 4n 1 4n 1
4n + 1
<
4n + 1
<
4n + 3
cMeBaRKb n IN *
xTajbgHajfa
1 3 7 11 ....... (4n 1) 3
2 n+1
<
5 9 13 ....... ( 4n + 1)
<
4n + 3
.
dMeNaRsay
kRsaybBaakfa 44nn + 13 < 44nn + 11 < 4n 1
4n + 3
tamvismPaB AM GM eKGacsresr
- 75 - PaK1
( 4n 1) + (4n + 3) > 2 (4n 1)(4n + 3)
8n + 2 > 2 (4n 1)(4n + 3)
4n + 1 > (4n 1)(4n + 3)
1 1
<
4n + 1 ( 4n 1)(4n + 3)
KuNGg:TaMgBIrnwg (4n 1) eyIgn
4n 1 4n 1
< (1)
4n + 1 4n + 3
mageTot (4n 3) + (4n + 1) > 2 (4n 3)(4n + 1)
8n 2 > 2 (4n 3)(4n + 1)
4n 1 > (4n 3)(4n + 1)
EckTaMgBIrnwg (4n + 1) eyIgn
4n 1 4n 3
> ( 2)
4n + 1 4n + 1
tamTMnakTMng (1) nig ( 2) eKTajn
4n 3 4n 1 4n 1
<
4n + 1 4n + 1
<
4n + 3
.
xTajbgHajfa
1 3 7 11 ....... (4n 1) 3
< <
2 n+1 5 9 13 ....... (4n + 1) 4n + 3
- 76 - PaK1
tamsRmayxagelIeyIgman 44nn + 13 < 44nn + 11 < 4n 1
4n + 3
cMeBa n = 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ..... ; n eyIgn
1 3 3
< <
5 5 7
5 7 7
< <
9 9 11
9 11 11
< <
13 13 15

4n 3 4n 1 4n 1
< <
4n + 1 4n + 1 4n + 3
KuNvismPaBTaMgenGg:nwgGg:eKn
1 3 7 11 4n 1 3
< . . . ........ <
4n + 1 5 9 13 4n + 1 4n + 3
1 1 1
edayeKman 4n + 1
> =
4n + 4 2 n + 1
.
dUcen
1 3 7 11 ....... (4n 1) 3
2 n+1
<
5 9 13 ....... ( 4n + 1)
<
4n + 3
.
"""""
- 77 - PaK1
lMhatTI38
eK[ a ; b ; c CabIcMnYnBitviCman .
cUrbgHajfa b a+ c + c +b a + a +c b 32
dMeNaRsay
bgHajfa b a+ c + c +b a + a +c b
3
2
b+c=m

tag c+a = n
a+b =p

eKn (b + c) + (c + a) + (a + b) = m + n + p
naM[ a + b + c = m + 2n + p
n+pm
a =
2

mn+p
eKTaj b =
2

m+np
c =
2
eKn
- 78 - PaK1
a b c n+pm mn+p m+np
+ + = + +
b+c c+a a+b 2m 2n 2p
a b c 1 n m p m n p
+ + = + + + + + 3
b + c c + a a + b 2 m n m p p n
n m p m n p
+ 2; + 2; + 2
m n m p p n
a b c 1 3
eKn + +
b+c c+a a+b
(2 + 2 + 2 3 ) =
2 2
a b c 3
dUcen + +
b+c c+a a+b

2
.
lMhatTI39
kKNna 11.2 + 21.3 + 31.4 + .... + (n 11) n Edl n > 2
xedayeRbIvismPaB AM GM n (n 1) cMnYnxageRkam
1 1 1 1
; ; ;
1.2 2.3 3.4 (n 1) n
cU r bgH a jfa n < ( n! )
n
. 2
dMeNaRsay
kKNna 11.2 + 21.3 + 31.4 + .... + (n 11) n = (k 11) k
n
k=2
- 79 - PaK1
1 k (k 1) 1 1
eKman (k 1) k
=
(k 1) k
=
k 1 k

n 1 n 1 1 1
eKn =
k=2 k 1 k
k = 2 (k 1) k
= 1
n
1 1 1 1 1
dUcen +
1.2 2.3 3.4
+ + .... +
(n 1) n
= 1
n
.
x bgHajfa n < ( n ! )
n 2
tamvismPaB AM GM
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + ..... + a n n n a 1 .a 2 . a 3 ......a n ; a k 0
eKn
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + .... + > (n 1) ( n 1) . ......
1.2 2.3 (n 1) n 1 .2 2 .3 (n 1)n
1 1
1 > (n 1) ( n 1)
n n ! (n 1) !
n1 1
> (n 1) ( n 1)
n n! (n 1) !
1 n
> ( n 1 )
n (n ! ) 2
n 1
1 n
> 2
nn < ( n ! )2
n (n! )
dUcen nn < ( n! )2 .
- 80 - PaK1
lMhatTI40
eK[ a ; b ; c CabIcMnYnBitxusBIsUn .
2 2 2
a b c a b c
cUrbgHajfa + + + +
b c a b c a
dMeNaRsay
2 2 2
a b c a b c
bgHajfa + +
+ +
b c a b c a
2 2 2
a b c a2 b2 c2
+ + 3 3
2
. 2 . 2 =3
b c a b c a
2 2 2
a b c
eKTaj + + 3 (1)
b c a
a 2 a
+ 1 2
b b
b 2 b
mageToteKman + 1 2
c c
c 2 c
+ 1 2
a a
2 2 2
a b c a b c
eKTajn + + + 3 2 + + ( 2)
b c a b c a
- 81 - PaK1
bUkvismPaB (1) nig ( 2) Gg: nig Gg: eKn
a 2 b 2 c 2 a b c
3+ 2 + + 3+ 2 + +
b c a b c a
a 2 b 2 c 2 a b c
2 + + 2 + +
b c a b c a
2 2 2
a b c a b c
dUcen +
+ + + .
b c a b c a
lMhatTI41
eK[ x ; y ; z CabIcMnYnBitviCmanminsUn .
cUrbgHajfa x1 + y1 + z1 x + y9 + z
2 2 2 2 2 2
dMeNaRsay
bgHajfa x1 + y1 + z1 x + y9 + z
2 2 2 2 2 2
vismPaBenGacsresreTACa
x2 + y 2 + z 2 x2 + y 2 + z 2 x2 + y 2 + z 2
+ + 9
x2 y2 z2
y2 z2 x2 z 2 x2 y 2
1+ 2 + 2 +1+ 2 + 2 +1+ 2 + 2 9
x x y y z z
y 2 x2 z 2 x2 z 2 y 2
+ + + + + 6
x2 y 2 x2 z2 y 2 z2
- 82 - PaK1
y 2 x2 y 2 x2
eday x 2
+ 2 2 2. 2 =2
y x y
z 2 x2 z 2 x2 y2 z2 y2 z2
x2 z2
+ 2 2. 2 =2
x z
+
z2 y2
nig
2 2. 2 =2
z y
y 2 x2 z 2 x2 z 2 y 2
eKn x 2
+ 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 2+ 2+ 2 = 6
y x z y z
Bit
1 1 1 9
dUcen + +
x2 y 2 z 2 x2 + y 2 + z 2
.
lMhatTI42
1 1
eKman y=a 1 log a x

nig z=a 1 log a y
cUrRsayfa x=a 1 log a z

.
dMeNaRsay
1
Rsayfa x=a 1 log a z
1
1
eKman y=a 1 log a x
naM[ log a y =
1 log a x
1
eKTaj log a x = 1
log a y
(1)
- 83 - PaK1
1
1
dUcKaEdr z=a 1 log a y
naM[ log a z =
1 log a y
eKTaj log y = 1 log1 z (2)
a
a
ykTMnakTMng (2) eTACYskg (1) eKn

1
log a x = 1
1
1
log a z
log a z
log a x = 1
(log a z ) 1
log a z 1 log a z
log a x =
(log a z ) 1
1
log a x =
1 log a z
1
eKTajn x=a 1 log a z

.
- 84 - PaK1
lMhatTI43
u 1 = 4

eKBinitsIVtncMnYnBit (u n ) kMnteday
u =
5u n 4
n +1 2u 1
n
dMeNaRsay
KNna u CaGnuKmn_n
n n
5u n 4 5r 4
smIkarsMKalnsIVt u n +1 =
2u n 1
KW r =
2r 1
c
2r 6r + 4 = 0 mans
2
r1 = 1 ; r2 =
a
=2
tagsIVt v = uu 12
n
n
n
5u n 4
1
u 1 2u n 1 u 1
eKn v n +1 = n +1 =
u n +1 2 5u n 4
=3( n
un 2
) = 3 vn
2
2u n 1
TMnakTMngenbBaakfa ( v ) CasIVtFrNImaRtmanersug
n
u 1 3
q = 3 nigtY v = = .
1
1
u 2 2 1
- 85 - PaK1
3 3n
tamrUbmn vn = v1 q n 1
= 3 =
2
n 1
2
un 1 2v n 1 3n 1
eday vn =
un 2
eKTaj un = = n
vn 1 3
1
2
2 ( 3 n 1)
dUcen vn =
3n 2
.
lMhatTI44
u 1 = 3

u =
3u n 4
n +1 u 1
n
dMeNaRsay
KNna u CaGnuKmn_n n
n
smIkarsMKalnsIVt u = 3uu 14 KW r = 3rr14

n +1
n
r 4r + 4 = (r 2) = 0 eKTajs r = r = 2 .
2 2
1 2
tagsIVt v = u 1 2
n
n
- 86 - PaK1
1 3u n 4
eKn v n +1 =
u n +1 2
eday u n +1 =
un 1
un 1 u 1
eKn v n +1 = = n
3u n 4 2u n + 2 u n 2
u 1 1
eKman v n +1 v n = n
un 2 un 2
efr
=1
naM[ ( v ) CasIVtnBVnmanplsgrYm d = 1
n
nigtY v = u 1 2 = 3 1 2 = 1 .
1
1
tamrUbmn v = v + (n 1)d = 1 + n 1 = n
n 1
eday v = u 1 2 eKTaj u = 2 + v1 = 2 + n1 = 2nn+ 1

n n
n n
2n + 1
dUcen un =
n
.
"""""
- 87 - PaK1
lMhatTI45
u 1 = 4
u n + 1 = u n , n IN *
dMeNaRsay
KNna u CaGnuKmn_n n
n
eKman u = u
n +1 n
eKn ln u = 12 ln u
n +1 n
1
TMnakTMngenbBakfa (ln u ) CasIVtFrNImaRtmanersug
n q=
2
tamrUbmn ln u = ln u q = 21 ln 4 = ln(4)
1
n 1
n 1 n 1 2n 1
1
dUcen u = (4) .
n 2n 1
- 88 - PaK1
lMhatTI46
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) kMnteday n
u =5
0 nig u = 12 u + n + 5 ( n IN )
n +1 n
cUrKNna u nsIVt (u ) CaGnuKmn_n n .

n n
dMeNaRsay
KNna u nsIVt (u ) CaGnuKmn_n n
n n
eyIgtag u = v + an + b Edl a , b IR
n n
eyIgn u = v + an + a + b eday u = 12 u
n +1 n +1 n+ 1 n +n+5
eKn v + an + a + b = 12 ( v + an + b) + n + 5
n +1 n
1 1 1
v n +1 = v n + ( a + 1)n + ( 5 a b ) (*)
2 2 2
1
2 a + 1 0
ebI naM[ a=2 ;b=3
5 a 1 b = 0
2
1
TMnakTMng eTACa v
(*) n +1 = vn
2
naM[ ( v ) CasIVtFrNImaRt.
n
1
manersug q= .
2
- 89 - PaK1
tamrUbmn v = v q eday u
n 0
n
n = v n + an + b = v n + 2n + 6
cMeBa n = 0 eKn u = v + 6 0 0
naM[ v = u 6 = 5 6 = 1
0 0
eKn v = 1 21 = 21 .
n n n
1
dUcen un =
2 n
+ 2n + 6 .
lMhatTI47
edayeRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTacUrKNnalImItxageRkam
2 + 2 + 2 + ..... + 2 + 2 + x 2
L n = lim
x 2 x2
( man n raDIkal ) .
dMeNaRsay
KNnalImItxageRkam
2 + 2 + 2 + ..... + 2 + 2 + x 2
eyIgman L n = lim
x 2 x2
eyIgn
- 90 - PaK1
2+ x 2 (2 + x) 4 1 1
L 1 = lim = lim = lim =
x 2 x2 x 2 ( x 2 )( 2 + x + 2 ) x 2 2+ x + 2 4
2+ 2+ x 2 2+ x 2
L 2 = lim = lim
x 2 x2 x 2
( x 2)( 2 + 2 + x + 2)
1 2+ x 2 1 1
L 2 = lim lim = L1 = 2
x 2
2+ 2+ x + 2 x 2 x2 4 4
eyIgsntfavaBitdllMdabTI k KW L = 41 k k
1
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdllMdabTI (k + 1) KW L k +1 =
4 k +1
eyIgman L = lim 2 + 2 +
k +1
x 2
2 + 2 + ..... + 2 + x 2
x2
KuNPaKyknigPaKEbgnwg
M( x ) = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + ... + 2 + x + 2
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + .... + 2 + x 4
eKn L k +1 = lim
x 2 ( x 2).M ( x )
1 2 + 2 + 2 + .... + 2 + x 2
L k +1 = lim lim
x 2 M( x ) x 2 x2
1 1 1 1 1
L k +1 = L k = L k = k = k +1 Bit
M ( 2) 4 4 4 4
2 + 2 + 2 + ..... + 2 + 2 + x 2 1
dUcen L n = lim
x 2 x2
= n
4
- 91 - PaK1
lMhatTI48
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (Un ) kMntelI IN eday
U 0 = 2

U n + 1 = 2 + U n , n IN
kcUrKNna U CaGnuKmn_n n .
n
xKNnaplKuN P = U U Un 0 1 2 .... U n .
dMeNaRsay
KNna U CaGnuKmn_n n
n
eyIgman U = 2 = 2 cos 4
0

U 1 = 2 + U 0 = 2 + 2 cos = 2 cos
4 8

bmafavaBitdltYTI p KW U p = 2 cos p+ 2
2
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdltYTI (p + 1) KW U = 2 cos 2 Bit p+ 1 p+ 3
eyIgman U = 2 + U Ettamkarbma U = 2 cos 2

p +1 p p p+ 2
eyIgn U = 2 + 2 cos 2 = 4 cos 2 = 2 cos 2 Bit

p +1 p+ 2
2
p+ 3 p+ 3
- 92 - PaK1
dUcen U = 2 cos 2
n .
n+ 2
x KNnaplKuN P = U U U .... U
n 0 1 2 n
tamrUbmn sin 2a = 2 sin a cos a naM[ 2 cos a = sisinn2aa

sin
n n n
2k+1 )
Pn = (Uk ) = (2cos k+2 ) = (
k=0 k=0 2 k=0
sin k+2
2

sin
= 2 = 1

sin n+2 sin n+2
2 2
1
dUcen Pn =

.
sin n + 2
2
lMhatTI49
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (Un ) kMntelI IN eday
2
2 1 1 Un
U0 =
2
nig U = n +1
2
, n IN
KNna U CaGnuKmn_n
n n .
- 93 - PaK1
dMeNaRsay
KNna U CaGnuKmn_n n
n
eyIgman U = 22 = sin 4
0

2 1 1 sin 2
1 1 U0 4 = sin
U1 = =
2 2 8

bmafavaBitdltYTI p KW U p = sin p+ 2
2

eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdltYTI (p + 1) KW U p +1 = sin
2 p+ 3
Bit
2
1 1 Up
eyIgman U p +1 =
2
karbma U p = sin
2p+ 2

1 1 sin 2
eyIgn U p +1 = 2p+ 2
2

1 cos 2 sin 2
= 2p+ 2 = 2 p + 3 = sin Bit
2 2 2p+ 3

dUcen U n = sin
2n+ 2
.
- 94 - PaK1
lMhatTI50
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u n ) kMnteday
u 0 = a
2
u
n +1 = u n 2 , n IN , a > 2
2n 2n
a+ a 4 2
a a 4 2
cUrRsaybBaakfa u n =
2

+
2

dMeNaRsay
2n 2n
a+ a 4
+a a 4
2 2
RsaybBaakfa u n =
2 2

a + a2 4 a a2 4
ebI n=0 eKn u0 =
2
+
2
=a Bit
2k 2k
a+ a 4 2
a a 4 2
bmavaBitdltYTI k KW u k =
2

+
2

eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdltYTI k + 1 KW
2k + 1 2k + 1
a+ a 4
2
a a 4
2
u k +1 =
+

2 2
eyIgman 2
u k +1 = u k 2
- 95 - PaK1
2k 2k
a+ a 4 a a 4
2 2
Ettamkarbma uk =
2

+
2

2

2k
a a2 4
2k
a + a 2
4
eyIgn u k +1 =
2
+
2
2

2k + 1 2k + 1
a + a2 4 a a2 4 a2 a2 + 4
u k +1 =
+
+ 2 2
2 2 4
2k + 1 2k + 1
a+ a 4 2
a a 4 2
u k +1 =
2

+
2

Bit

2n 2n
a+ a 4 2
a a 4 2
dUcen u n =
2

+
2

.

"""""
- 96 - PaK1
lMhatTI51
kcUrkMntelxnGBaat a,b,c ,d ncMnYn abcd
ebIeKdwgfa
abcd 9 = dcba
xcMeBatm a , b , c , d EdlnrkeXIjxagelIcUrbBaakfa
cMnYn abcd nig dcba suTEtCakaerkd .
dMeNaRsay
kkMntelxnGBaat a , b , c , d
eKman abcd 9 = dcba (1)
tamTMnakTMng (1) eKTajntm a EtmYyKtKW a = 1 .
cMeBa a = 1 eKn 1bcd 9 = dcb1 (2)
tamTMnakTMng (2) eKTajn d = 9 eRBa d 9 = 81
manelxxagcugesI 1 .
cMeBa d = 9 eKn 1bc9 9 = 9cb1 (3)
tamTMnakTMng (3) eKTajn b = 0
( eRBa b 9 minGacmanRtaTukeT )
- 97 - PaK1
cMeBa b = 0 eKn 10c9 9 = 9c01 (3)
tamTMnakTMng (3) eKTajn c = 8 eRBa c 9 = 8 9 = 72
Efm 8 [elxxagcugesI 0 .
cMeBa c = 8 eKn 1089 9 = 9801 .
dUcen a = 1 , b = 0 , c = 8 , d = 9 .
xbBaakfacMnYn abcd nig dcba suTEtCakaerkd
cMeBa a = 1 , b = 0 , c = 8 , d = 9 eKn
abcd = 1089 = 33 nig dcba = 9801 = 99
2 2
suTEtCakaerkd .
- 98 - PaK1
lMhatTI52
sntfa HUNSEN CacMnYnmYymanelxRMmYyxgEdl
H , U , N , S , E , N Caelx .
eBlEdleKKuNcMnYnennwg 3 eKTTYlTplCacMnYnmanelx
RMmYyxgKW STRONG Edl S , T , R , O , N , G Caelx
cUrrkcMnYn HUNSEN nig STRONG
cMeBa N = 6 , S = 3 nigcMeBa N = 8 , S = 9 .
(GkrxusKatagedayelxxusKa ).
HUNSEN
3
STRONG
dMeNaRsay
rkcMnYn HUNSEN nig STRONG
- 99 - PaK1
eKman
HUNSEN
3
STRONG
kcMeBa N=6 , S=3
HU 63E6
3
3TRO6G
tamtaragRbmaNviFIKuNenbBaakfa H=1
cMeBa H = 1 taragviFIKuNeTACa
1U63E6
3
3TRO6G
tamtaragviFIKuNeneKTajn G = 8 eRBa 6 3
manelxagcugesI 8 .
cMeBa G = 8 taragviFIKuNeTACa
1U63E6
3
3TRO68
tamtaragviFIKuNeneKTajn E=5 eRBa E 3 Efm 1
- 100 - PaK1
manelxcugeRkayesInwg 6 .
cMeBa E = 5 taragviFIKuNeTACa
1U6356
3
3TRO68
tamtaragviFIKuNeneKTajn O = 0 eRBa 3 3 Efm 1
manelxcugeRkayesInwg 0 .
cMeBa O = 0 taragviFIKuNeTACa
1U6356
3
3TR 068
tamtaragviFIKuNeneKTajn R = 9 eRBa 6 3 Efm 1
manelxcugeRkay
esInwg 9 .
cMeBa R = 9 taragviFIKuNeTACa
1U6356
3
3T9068
- 101 - PaK1
tamtaragenbBaakfa U minGacFMCag 2 eTehIyedayGkr
xusKatagedayelxxusKaenaeKTajn U = 2 EtmYyKt
BIeRBa O = 0 , H = 1 ehIy U minGacyktm 0 1
dEdleTotneT .
cMeBa U = 2 taragviFIKuNeTACa
126356
3
3T9068
tamtaragviFIKuNeneKTajn T=7 BIeRBafa
126356
3
379068
edayeRbobeFobtaragviFIKuN
HUNSEN 126356
3 nwg 3
STRONG 379068
- 102 - PaK1
eKTajn
HUNSEN = 126356 nig STRONG = 379068
CacMnYnEdlRtUvrk .
xcMeBa N = 8 , S = 9
eyIgedaRsaytamrebobdUcxagelIeKn
318928
3
956784
edayeRbobeFobtaragviFIKuN
HUNSEN 318928
3 3
nwg
STRONG 956784
eKTajn
HUNSEN = 318928 nig STRONG = 956784
CacMnYnEdlRtUvrk .
- 103 - PaK1
lMhatTI53
cUrbMeBjRbmaNviFIbUkxageRkam
S E ND
+
M O R E
M O N E Y
(GkrxusKatagedayelxxusKa )
dMeNaRsay
bMeBjRbmaNviFIbUkxageRkam
S E ND
+
M O R E
M O N E Y
cemIyrbstaragviFIbUkenKW
9 5 67
+
10 8 5
10 65 2
( sisedaRsayedayxng ) .
- 104 - PaK1
lMhatTI54
eK[ A CacMnYnmYymanelxRMxgEdlelxxgvaerobtamlMdab
x ; x + 1 ; x + 2 ; x + 1 ; x ehIy B CacMnYnmYymanelx
RMmYyxgEdlelxxgvaerobtamlMdab
x ; x+1; x+ 2 ; x+1; x1; x .
cUrbgHajfaebI A CakaerRkdena B kCakaerkdEdr .
dMeNaRsay
karbgHaj
eyIgmanelxTaMgRMxgn A erobtamlMdab
x ; x+1; x+ 2 ; x+1; x naM[ 0 < x < x + 1 < x + 2 9
0<x7 .
-ebI x = 1 ena A = 12321 = 1112
-ebI x = 2 ena A = 23432 minEmnCakaerkd .
- 105 - PaK1
srubmkeKn x = 1 CatmEdl[ A Cakaerkd .
eday B elxxgvaerobtamlMdab
x ; x+1; x+ 2 ; x+1; x1; x
enacMeBa x = 1 eKn B = 123201 = 351 Cakaerkd .
2
dUcen ebI A CakaerRkdena B kCakaerkdEdr .
lMhatTI55
eK[cMnYn A = 111.....

1 nig
11 B = 444
....
.444

( 2n elx ) (n elx )
cUrbgHajfa A+B+1 CakaerRkd .
dMeNaRsay
bgHajfa A + B + 1 CakaerRkd
10 1 2n
eyIgman A = 111 .....

111 =
9
( 2n elx )
- 106 - PaK1
4(10 n 1)
B = 444
.....

=
444
( n elx )
9
10 2n 1 4(10 n 1)
eyIgn A+B+1=
9
+
9
+1
10 1 + 4.10 4 + 9
2n n
A+B+1=
9
10 2n + 4.10 n + 4
A+B+1=
9
2
10 n + 2
A + B + 1 =
3
dUcen A+B+1 CakaerRkd .
lMhatTI56
cMnYnmYymanelxbYnxgEdlelxxgvaerobtamlMdab
a;a;b;b .
rkcMnYnenaebIeKdwgfavaCakaerRkd .
dMeNaRsay
rkcMnYnEdlCakaerRkd
tag N CacMnYnEdlRtUvrk
- 107 - PaK1
eyIgn N = aabb = 1000a + 100a + 10b + b
N = 1100a + 11b
N = 11 (100a + b ) = 11 [99a + (a + b )] (1)
eday 0 < a 9 nig 0 b 9 ena 0 < a + b 18
tamTMnakTMng (1) edIm,I[ N GacCakaerRkdluRtaEt
a + b CaBhuKuNn 11 ehIy 0 < a + b 18 enaeKRtUv[
a + b = 11 EtmYyKt .
TMnakTMng (1) Gacsresr N = 11 (99a + 11) = 11 (9a + 1)
2
ehtuen N CakaerkdkalNa 9a + 1 CakaerRkd .

eday 1 a 9 naM[ 10 9a + 1 81 eKTaj
9a + 1 = 16 (Kanskg IN )
9a + 1 = 25 (Kanskg IN )
9a + 1 = 36 (Kanskg IN )
9a + 1 = 49 (Kanskg IN )
9a + 1 = 64 naM[ a = 7 ehIy b = 11 7 = 4
9a + 1 = 81 (Kanskg IN ) .
dUcencMnYnEdlRtUvkMntenaKW 7744 = 88 .
2
- 108 - PaK1
lMhatTI57
eKman 33 2
= 1089 , 333 2 = 110889 , 3333 2 = 11108889
33333 2 = 1111088889 .
dMeNaRsay
eKman 33 = 1089 , 333
2 2
= 110889 , 3333 2 = 11108889
33333 2 = 1111088889 .
tamlMnaMeneyIgGacbeg;ItrUbmnTUeTAdUcxageRkam
333.....3332 = 111
.....
111

0888
.....
888

9 .

( n 1 ) ( n 1 )
(n)
karRsaybBaakrUbmn
eyIgtag A = 111
..........
111
0888
.........

888
9
( n 1 ) ( n 1 )
- 109 - PaK1
n +1
= 111
.........

10 + 888
111
.........
888
.10 + 9

( n 1 ) ( n 1 )
1 8
= (10 n 1 1) 10 n +1 + (10 n 1 1) 10 + 9
9 9
10 2n 10 n +1 + 8.10 n 80 + 81
=
9
2
10 2n 2.10 n + 1 (10 n 1) 2 10 n 1
= = =
9 9 3
= 333 ..........

.. 333 2
(n)
dUceneKnrUbmn
333 ..... 333 2 = 111
..... 111

0888
..... 888

9 .

( n 1 ) ( n 1 )
(n )
- 110 - PaK1
lMhatTI58
eKman 99 2
= 9801 , 999 2 = 998001 , 9999 2 = 99980001
99999 2 = 9999800001 .
dMeNaRsay
tambMrabeKman
99 2 = 9801
999 2 = 998001
9999 2 = 99980001
99999 2 = 9999800001
999

= 999
.....999 2
.....
999

8000
.....
000

1 .
(n ) ( n 1 ) ( n 1 )
karRsaybBaakrUbmn
eyIgtag A = 999
..........
999
8000
.........
000
1

( n 1 ) ( n 1 )
- 111 - PaK1
= 999
.........
999
10 + 8.10 + 1

n +1 n
( n 1 )
= (10 n 1 1)10 n +1 + 8.10 n + 1

= 10 2n 10 n +1 + 8.10 n + 1
= 10 2n 2.10 n + 1
= (10 n 1) 2 = 999
..........
..999

(n )
dUceneKnrUbmn

= 999
999 ..... 999 2
.....
999

8000
.....
000

1 .
(n ) ( n 1 ) ( n 1 )
lMhatTI59
eKman 66 2
= 4356 , 666 2 = 443556 , 6666 2 = 44435556
66666 2 = 4444355556 .
dMeNaRsay
tambMrabeKman
66 2 = 4356 , 666 2 = 443556 , 6666 2 = 44435556
66666 2 = 4444355556 .
- 112 - PaK1
666

= 444
.....666 .....

2
444

3555
.....
555

6 .
(n) ( n 1 ) ( n 1 )
karRsaybBaakrUbmn
eyIgtag
A = 444
..........
444
3555
.........

555
6
( n 1 ) ( n 1 )
= 444
........

444 10 n +1 + 3.10 n + 555
555 10 + 6
.......
( n 1 ) ( n 1 )
4 5
= (10 n 1 1)10 n +1 + 3.10 n + (10 n 1 1)10 + 6
9 9
4.10 2n 4.10 n +1 + 27.10 n + 5.10 n 50 + 54
=
9
4.10 2n 10 n (40 27 5) + 4
=
9
4.10 2n 8.10 n + 4 4 4
= = (10 n 1) 2 = (999 .........
999

)2
9 9 9 (n)
2
2
= (999
.........
999

) = 666
..........
..666

3 (n ) (n )
dUceneKnrUbmn

= 444
2
666
.....666 .....
444

3555
.....
555

6
(n) ( n 1 ) ( n 1 )
- 113 - PaK1
lMhatTI60
eKman
6 2 5 2 = 11 , 56 2 45 2 = 1111 , 556 2 445 2 = 111111
5556 2 4445 2 = 11111111 .
dMeNaRsay
rkrUbmnTUeTA nigRsaybBaak
eKman
6 2 5 2 = 11
56 2 45 2 = 1111
556 2 445 2 = 111111
5556 2 4445 2 = 11111111

tamlMnaMEdleK[eyIgGacsresrrUbmnTUeTAdUcxageRkam

= 111

2 2
555 .... 556 444 ..... 445 .......
111
(n ) (n ) ( 2n )
sRmayepgpatrUbmnen
tag T = 555
n....
556
444
2
.....445

(n ) (n)
- 114 - PaK1
= (555.....555 + 1) (444......444 + 1) 2
2
2 2
5 4
= (10 n 1) + 1 (10 n 1) + 1
9 9
5 4 5 4
= (10 n 1) + 1 + (10 n 1) + 1 (10 n 1) + 1 (10 n 1) 1
9 9 9 9
999
.........
999

n
2n

= ( 10 + 1 ) (
10 1 10 1 ( 2n )
n
)= =
9 9 9
Tn = 111
..........
111

Bit .
( 2n )
dUcen 555
....
5
444
56 2
.....
445
= 111
2
.......
111 .
(n ) (n ) ( 2n )
lMhatTI61
eK[ A = a a ..........a a nig B = a a .........a 2 a
n n 1 1 0 n n 1 1 0
Rsayfa A Eckdacnwg 7 luRtaEt B Eckdacnwg 7 .

dMeNaRsay
ebI B Eckdacnwg 7 enanaM[man q IN Edl B = 7q
eKn a a ..........a 2 a = 7q
n n 1 1 0
naM[ a a ..........a = 7q + 2 a (1)

n n 1 1 0
- 115 - PaK1
eyIgman
A = a n a n 1 .........a 1a 0 = a n a n 1 ...........a 1 10 + a 0 ( 2)
yk (1) CUskg (2) eKn
A = (7q + 2a 0 ) 10 + a 0
A = 70q + 20a 0 + a 0 = 70q + 21a 0 = 7 (10q + 3a 0 )
naM[ A Eckdacnwg 7 .
dUcen A Eckdacnwg 7 luRtaEt B Eckdacnwg 7 .
lMhatTI62
eK[cMnYn A = a a ......a a a n n 1 2 1 0
Edl a , a , a , ....., a Caelx .

0 1 2 n
cUrRsayfacMnYn A Eckdacnwg 6 kalNa

y = 4(a + a + ... + a ) + a Eckdacnwg 6 .
1 2 n 0
dMeNaRsay
eyIgman A = a a n n 1 ......a 2 a 1a 0
A = a 0 + 10a 1 + 10 2 a 2 + ..... + 10 n a n
- 116 - PaK1
eyIgman 10 4 (mod 6)
10 2 4 (mod 6)
10 3 4 (mod 6)

10 n 4 (mod 6)
eyIgn A a + 4(a + a + ..... + a
0 1 2 n ) (mod 6)
edIm,I[ A Eckdacnwg 6 luRtaEt
a 0 + 4(a 1 + a 2 + .... + a n ) 0 (mod 6)
dUcencMnYn A Eckdacnwg 6 kalNa
y = 4(a 1 + a 2 + ... + a ) + a Eckdacnwg
n 0 6 .
lMhatTI63
cUrkMntelx a nig b edIm,I[cMnYn abba CaKUbncMnYnKt .
dMeNaRsay
kMntelx a nig b
tag N = abba = 1000a + 100b + 10b + a
N = 1001a + 110b
N = 11 ( 91a + 10b )
- 117 - PaK1
edIm,I[ N CaKUbncMnYnKtluRtaEt
91a + 10b = 112 k 3 = 121k 3 , k IN *
eday 0 < a 9 , 0 b 9 ena 0 < 91a + 10b 909
eKn 0 < 121k 909 3
909 62
smmUl 0 < k 121
3
= 7+
121
naM [ k =1
eKTajn 91a + 10b = 121 naM[ b = 12110 91a

eday b 0 ena 12110 91a 0
121 91
a 121
91
= 1+
30
91
naM [ a = 1 ehIy b =
10
=3 .
dUcen a = 1 , b = 3 nig abba = 1331 = 11 .

3
YYYYUZZZZ
- 118 - PaK1
lMhatTI64
eKtag r nig R erogKaCakaMrgVgcarikkg nigcarikeRkA
nRtIekaN ABCmYy .
kcUrRsayfa cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + Rr
xcUrRsayfa R 2 r .
dMeNaRsay
r
kRsayfa cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 +
R
A B+C BC
cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 2 sin 2 + 2 cos cos
2 2 2
A A BC
= 1 2 sin 2 + 2 sin cos
2 2 2
A A BC
= 1 2 sin ( sin cos )
2 2 2
A B+C BC
= 1 2 sin ( cos cos )
2 2 2
A B C
= 1 + 4 sin sin sin
2 2 2
(p b )(p c )
edayeKman sin A2 = bc
B (p a )(p c ) C (p a )(p b )
sin = , sin =
2 ac 2 ab
- 119 - PaK1
eKn sin A2 sin B2 sin C2 = (p a)(pabc
b )(p c)
eKTaj
(p a )(p b )(p c)
cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4
abc
p(p a)(p b )(p c)
= 1+
abc
p. R
4R
S2
=1+
p S.R
S p.r r
=1+ =1+ =1+
p. R p .R R
dUcen cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + Rr .
xRsayfa R 2 r
tamvismPaB AM GM : + 2 .
eKn (p a) + (p b) 2 (p a)(p b)
2p a b 2 (p a )(p c)
c 2 (p a )(p b )
(p a )(p b ) 1
eKTaj c

2
(1)
(p b )(p c) 1
dUcKaEdr a

2
( 2)
- 120 - PaK1
(p a )(p c) 1
nig b
( 3)
2
KuNTMnakTMng (1) , ( 2) , ( 3) Gg:nwgGg:eKn
(p a )(p b )(p c) 1

abc 8
A B C 1
eKTaj 2 2 2 8
sin sin sin
eday cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 sin A2 sin B2 sin C2

eKn cos A + cos B + cos C 1 + 4 ( 18 ) = 32
r
Et cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 +
R
r 3
eKTaj 1+ R2r .
R 2
- 121 - PaK1
lMhatTI65
kcUrRsayfa sin12x = cot x cot 2x
xcUrKNna S = sin1 a + 1 a + 1 a
n + .... +
1
a
sin sin 2
sin
2 2 2n
dMeNaRsay
kRsayfa sin12x = cot x cot 2x
tag f(x) = cot x cot 2x
cos x cos 2 x
=
sin x sin 2 x
cos x 2 cos 2 x 1
=
sin x 2 sin x cos x
2 cos 2 x 2 cos 2 x + 1 1
= =
2 sin x cos x sin 2 x
dUcen 1
sin 2 x
= cot x cot 2 x .
1 1 1 1
xKNna Sn = + +
sin a sin a sin a
+ .... +
sin n
a
2
2 2 2
eyIgn Sn =
n
(
k =0
1
a
) eday 1
sin 2 x
= cot x cot 2 x
sin
2k
n
a a
Sn = cot 2k +1 cot 2k
k=0
a
= cot cot a
2 n+1
dUcen S n = cot
a
2 n+1
cot a .
- 122 - PaK1
lMhatTI66
x
cot
kcUrRsayfa 1+
1
= 2
cos x cot x
xKNnaplKuN
1 1 1 1
Pn = (1 + )(1 + )(1 + ).....(1 + )
cos a a a a
cos cos 2 cos n
2 2 2
dMeNaRsay
x
cot
kRsayfa 1+
1
=
cos x cot x
2
eyIgtag A( x) = 1 +
1
cos x
x x x x
2 cos 2 2 cos 2 sin cos sin x
cos x + 1 2 = 2 2 = 2
= =
cos x cos x x x
cos x sin cos x sin
2 2
x x
cos cot
= 2 . sin x = tan x tan x = 2
x cos x 2 cot x
sin
2
x
cot
dUcen 1+
1
=
cos x cot x
2 .
xKNnaplKuN
1 1 1 1
Pn = (1 + )(1 + )(1 + ).....(1 + )
cos a a a a
cos cos 2 cos n
2 2 2
a
Pn = tan
2n + 1
. cot a .
- 123 - PaK1
lMhatTI67
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (U ) kMntelI n IN eday
ni g
2
2 1 1 U n
U =
0 U = n+1 , n IN
2 2
n
dMeNaRsay
KNna U CaGnuKmn_n n
n
eyIgman U = 22 = sin 4
0

2 1 1 sin2
1 1 U0 4 = sin
U1 = =
2 2 8
bmafavaBitdltYTI p KW
Up = sin p+2
2
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdltYTI (p + 1) KW U = sin 2 Bit p +1 p +3
eyIgman U = 1 12 U Ettamkarbma U = sin 2

p +1
p
p p+2

1 1 sin2
eyIgn Up+1 =
2
2 p+2

1 cos 2 sin 2
=
2
2 p+2 =
2
2 p+3 = sin
2 p +3
Bit
dUcen Un = sin
2

n+ 2 .
- 124 - PaK1
lMhatTI68
cUrKNna S = cos 9 cos
3 3 4
9
+ cos3
7
9
dMeNaRsay
KNna S = cos 9 cos 49 + cos 79
3 3 3
tamrUbmn cos 3a = 4 cos a 3 cos a 3
cos a = 34 cos a + 41 cos 3a

3
kenamEdl[GacsresrCa
3 4 7 1 4 7
S= (cos cos + cos ) + (cos cos + cos )
4 9 9 9 4 3 3 3
tag M = cos 9 cos 49 + cos 79

eday cos 49 = cos 139
7 13
M = cos + cos
9 9
+ cos
9
KuNnwg 2 sin
3
eKn
7 13
2 M sin = 2 cos sin + 2 cos sin + 2 cos sin
3 9 3 9 3 9 3
3 4 2 10 4 16 10
2 .M = sin sin( ) + sin sin + sin sin
2 9 9 9 9 9 9
3 2 16 7
2 M = sin + sin = 2 sin cos( )=0
2 9 9 9
eKTajn M=0
- 125 - PaK1
tag N = cos 3 cos 43 + cos 73 = 21 + 21 + 21 = 23
eKn S = 34 M + 41 N = 38 .
dUcen S = cos 9 cos 49 + cos 79 = 83 .
3 3 3
lMhatTI69
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanmMukgCamMuRsYc .
kcUrRsayfa tan A + tanB + tan C = tan A. tanB. tan C
xTajbBaakfa tan A + tan B + tan C 3 3 .
dMeNaRsay
kRsayfa tan A + tanB + tan C = tan A. tanB. tan C
eyIgman A + B + C = A + B = C
eKn tan(A + B) = tan( C)
tan A + tan B
= tan C
1 tan A tan B
tan A + tan B = tan C + tan A tan B tan C
dUcen tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A. tan B. tan C .
- 126 - PaK1
xTajbBaakfa tan A + tan B + tan C 3 3
eday A , B , C CamMuRsYc ( tamsmtikm )
eKTaj tan A > 0 , tanB > 0 , tan C > 0
tamvismPaBkUsIueyIgGacsresr
tan A + tan B + tan C 3 3
tan A. tan B. tan C
eday tan A + tanB + tan C = tan A. tanB. tan C
eKn tan A + tanB + tan B 3 tan A + tanB + tan C
3
(tan A + tan B + tan C)3 27 (tan A + tan B + tan C)

(tan A + tan B + tan C)2 27
dUcen tan A + tan B + tan C 3 3 .
"""""
- 127 - PaK1
lMhatTI70
KNnaplbUk
S n = 9 + 99 + 999 + .... + 999....999
( manelx 9 cMnYn n elx ) .
dMeNaRsay
KNnaplbUk
S n = 9 + 99 + 999 + .... + 999
......
99

9
(n elx9 )
= (10 1) + (10 2 1) + (10 3 1) + .... + (10n 1)
= (10 + 10 2 + 10 3 + ... + 10n ) (1 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1)
10n 1
= 10. n
9
10n + 1 (9n + 10)
=
9
10n + 2 (9n + 10)
dUcenSn =
9
.
- 128 - PaK1
lMhatTI71
cUrkMntRKbKUtmKtviCman ( a , b ) ebIeKdwgfacMnYn
2
a
2ab b + 1
2
CacMnYnKtviCmanEdr .
3
dMeNaRsay
kMntRKbKUtmKtviCman ( a , b )
2
yk 2ab a b + 1 = k Edl k IN *
2 3
eKn a 2kb a + k (b 1) = 0 (1)

2 2 3
DIsRKImINgnsmIkar = 4k b 4k (b 1) 2 4 3
= ( 2kb 2 b ) 2 + 4k b 2
smIkar (1) mancemIykg IN * luRtaEt CakaerRkd
mann&yfa = (2kb b) + 4k b = d 2 2 2 2
Edl d CacMnYnKt.
2
-ebI 4k b = 0 k = b4
2
b b3 b b
eyIgTTYln a = 2b k =
2
2 2
a=
2
- 129 - PaK1
eday a, b CacMnYnKtviCman ehtueneKRtUv[
b = 2p , p IN
( 2p ) 2
eKTaj a = 2( 2p )
4
2
p = 8p 4 p
2p
ehIy a=
2
=p .
dUcen (a , b ) = ( 8p 4 p , 2p ) ; ( p , 2p ) , p IN *
-ebI 4k b > 02
eKn (2b k b) + 4k b = d (2b k b + 1) , k IN *

2 2 2 2 2 2
4k (b 1) + (b 1) 0 eKTajn b = 1
2 2
kgkrNIsmIkar (1) kayCa a 2k a = 0 naM[ a = 2k

2
dUcen ( a , b ) = ( 2k , 1 ) cMeBaRKb k IN * .
-ebI 4k b < 0
2
eKn (2b k b) + 4k b = d < (2b k b 1)

2 2 2 2 2 2
smmUl (2b k b) + 4k b (2b k b 1) < 0

2 2 2 2 2
b (4k 3) + 2b(b 1) + (4k 1) < 0 ( minBitkg IN * )

2
srubmkeKnKUcemIybImanragdUcxageRkam
( a , b ) = ( 2k , 1 ) ; ( k , 2k ) ; ( 8k 4 k , 2k ) k IN *
- 130 - PaK1
lMhatT72
I
cUrbgHajfa
a b c
+ + 1
a + 8bc
2
b + 8ca
2
c + 8ab
2
cMeBaRKbcMnYnBitviCman a,b ,c .
dMeNaRsay
a b c
bgHajfa + + 1
a + 8bc
2
b + 8ca
2
c + 8ab
2
a a 3
CadMbUgeyIgRtUvRsayfa 4 4 4
a 2 + 8bc
a +b +c
3 3 3
4 4 4 4
vismPaBensmmUl (a + b + c ) a (a + 8bc) 3 3 3 2 3 2
8 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
smmUl b + c + 2a b + 2a c + 2b c 8a bc
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
8 8 4 4
tamvismPaB AM GM eKman b + c 2b c 3 3 3 3
8 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
eKTaj b + c + 2a b + 2a c + 2b c 8a bc Bit
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
a a 3
ehtuen 4 4 4
(1)
a + 8bc
2
a +b +c
3 3 3
- 131 - PaK1
4
b b
dUcKaEdreKTaj
3
4 4 4
(2 )
b + 8ac
2
a +b +c
3 3 3
4
c c
ehIy
3
4 4 4
(3 )
c + 8ab
2
a +b +c
3 3 3
edaybUkvismPaB (1) , ( 2) , ( 3) Gg:nigGg:eKn

a b c
+ + 1 .
a + 8bc
2
b + 8ca
2
c 2 + 8ab
lMhatTI73
1
eK[ (a ) CasIVtncMnYnBitEdl
n a1 =
2
2
a
nigcMeBaRKbcMnYnKtviCman n eyIgman a n +1 = 2 n
an an + 1
cUrRsaybBaakfacMeBaRKbcMnYnKtviCman neyIgman
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + ......... + a n < 1 .
dMeNaRsay
RsaybBaakfa a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + ......... + a n < 1
2
a
eyIgman a n +1 = 2 n
an an + 1
- 132 - PaK1
1
tag bn =
an
enaTMnakTMngEdl[kayeTACa
2
b n+1 = b n b n + 1
eKTaj 2
b n +1 1 = b n b n
b n +1 1 = b n (b n 1)
1 1 1 1
= =
b n +1 1 b n (b n 1) b n 1 b n
1 1 1
eKTaj an = =
b n b n 1 b n +1 1
1 1 1
a 1 + a 2 + .... + a n = + + ...... +
b1 b 2 bn
1 1 1 1 1 1
=( )+( ) + ... + ( )
b1 1 b2 1 b2 1 b3 1 bn 1 bn+1 1
1 1 1
= = 1 <1
b1 1 bn+1 1 bn+1 1
1
BIeRBa b1 =
a1
=2 .
dUcen a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + ......... + a n < 1 .
- 133 - PaK1
lMhatTI74
cUrkMntRKbKUtmKt m , n 3 ebIeKdwgfacMeBaRKb
cMnYnKtviCman a eKman aa ++aa 11 CacMnYnKt .
m
n 2
dMeNaRsay
kMntRKbKUtmKtviCman ( m , n )
edIm,I[ aa ++aa 11 CacMnYnKtluRtaEt a
m
n 2
n
+ a2 1
CaktarYmn a + a 1 ehIy m > n .

m
eyIgyk m = n + k , k IN *
eyIgn
am + a 1 = an + k + a 1
= ak (an + a 2 1) + (1 a )(ak + 1 + ak 1)
tamTMnakTMngenedIm,I[ a + a 1 CaktarYmn
n 2
am + a 1
luRtaEt n = k + 1 nig k = 2 .
dUcen (m , n ) = ( 5 , 3 ) .
- 134 - PaK1
lMhatTI75
eK[bIcMnYnKtviCman a , b , c Edl a + b + c = 10 .
cUrrktmFMbMputn P = a b c .
dMeNaRsay
rktmFMbMputn P = a b c
eyIgman a + b + c = 10 naM[ c = 10 a b
eyIgn P = ab(10 a b) = b a + b (10 b) a
2
tag P(a) = ba + (10b b ) a

2 2
eKn P' (a) = 2ab + 10b b 2
ebI P'(a) = 0 eKTajn a = 5 b2

eday P'' (a) = 2b < 0 , b IN *
ehtuen P(a) mantmGtibrmacMeBatm a = 5 b2 .
eday a IN * ena b RtUvEtCacMnYnKU
ebI b = 2k ena a = 5 k
ehIy c = 10 (5 k ) 2k = 5 k
- 135 - PaK1
a = 5k 1

eday a , b , c IN * ena b = 2k 1 1 k 4
c = 5k 1

-cMeBa k = 1
eKn a = 4 , b = 2 , c = 4 naM[ P = 4 2 4 = 32
-cMeBa k = 2
eKn a = 3 , b = 4 , c = 3 naM[ P = 3 4 3 = 36
-cMeBa k = 3
eKn a = 2 , b = 6 , c = 2 naM[ P = 2 6 2 = 24
-cMeBa k = 4
eKn a = 1 , b = 8 , c = 1 naM[ P = 1 8 1 = 32
dUcentmGtibrman P = a.b.c esInwg 36 .
"""""
- 136 - PaK1
lMhatTI76
4 4
eKmansmPaB sina x + cosb x = a +1 b
Edl a 0 , b 0 , a + b 0
8 8
cUrbgHajfa sina x + cosb x = (a +1b) .
3 3 3
dMeNaRsay
8
cos 8 x
bgHajfa sina 3
+
x
b3
=
1
(a + b ) 3
sin 4 x cos 4 x 1
eKman a
+
b
=
a+b
naM[ b(a + b ) sin 4 x + a(a + b ) cos 4 x = ab
ab sin 4 x + b 2 sin 4 x + a 2 cos 4 x + ab cos 4 x = ab(sin 2 x + cos 2 x ) 4
a 2 cos 4 x 2ab cos 2 x sin 2 x + b 2 sin 4 x = 0
(a cos 2 x b sin 2 x ) 2 = 0
sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x + cos 2 x 1
eKTaj a
=
b
=
a+b
=
a+b
sin 8 x cos 8 x 1
naM[ a4
=
b4
=
(a + b ) 4
- 137 - PaK1
sin 8 x a cos 8 x b
eKTaj a3
=
(a + b ) 4
(1) nig b3
=
(a + b ) 4
( 2)
bUksmIkar (1) nig ( 2) Gg:nigGg: eKn

sin 8 x cos 8 x a+b 1
+ = =
a3 b3 ( a + b ) 4 (a + b ) 3
sin 8 x cos 8 x 1
dUcen a3
+
b3
=
(a + b ) 3
.
lMhatTI77
eK[RtIekaN ABC mYYy .
bgHajfaebI tan A3 , tan B3 , tan C3
CassmIkar (E) : x + ax + bx + c = 0
3 2
enaeKn 3 + a = 3b + c .
dMeNaRsay
karbgHaj
eyIgman A + B + C =
( plbUkmMukgRtIekaN ABC )
eyIgn tan( A3 + B3 + C3 ) = tan[( A3 + B3 ) + C3 ]
- 138 - PaK1
A B C
tan( + ) + tan
A+B+C 3 3 3
tan( )=
3 A B C
1 tan( + ) tan
3 3 3
A B
tan + tan
3 3 + tan C
A B 3
1 tan tan
3 3
tan =
3 A B
tan + tan
1 3 3 . tan C
A B 3
1 tan tan
3 3
A B C A B C
tan + tan + tan tan tan tan
3= 3 3 3 3 3 3 (1)
A B A C B C
1 (tan tan + tan tan + tan tan )
3 3 3 3 3 3
eday tan A3 , tan B3 , tan C3 CasrbssmIkar ( E)
enatamRTwsIbTEvteKmanTMnakTMng
A B C
tan + tan + tan = a ( 2)
3 3 3
A B B C A C
tan tan + tan tan + tan tan = b ( 3)
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C
tan . tan . tan = c ( 4)
2 2 2
ykTMnakTMng ( 2) , ( 3) nig
( 4) CYskgsmIkar eKn
(1)
- 139 - PaK1
a+c
3 =
1 b
3 3 b = a + c
dUcen 3 + a = 3b + c .
lMhatTI78
k cUrKNnatmkdn sin 10 nig cos 10

x cUrRsayfa x + (x y ) 4(x + y ) sin
2 2 2 2 2
10
RKbcMnYn x, y IR .
dMeNaRsay
k KNnatmkdn sin 10 nig cos 10
eKman 210 = 2 310
eKn sin 210 = sin( 2 310 ) = cos 310
tamrUbmnRtIekaNmaRt
sin 2a = 2 sin a cos a nig cos 3a = 4 cos a 3 cos a
3
- 140 - PaK1
3
2 sin cos = cos
10 10 10

2 sin cos = 3 cos 4 cos 3
10 10 10 10

2 sin = 3 4 cos 2
10 10

2 sin = 3 4(1 sin 2 )
10 10

4 sin 2 2 sin 1 = 0
10 10
tag
t = sin
10
>0
eKn 4t 2 2t 1 = 0 , ' = 1 + 4 = 5 > 0

1 5 1+ 5
eKTajs t1 =
4
<0 ( minyk ) , t2 =
4
1+ 5
dUcen sin =
10 4
.

eday sin 2 + cos 2 = 1
10 10
1+ 5 2 10 2 5
naM[ cos = 1 (
10 4
) =
4
10 2 5
dUcen cos =
10 4
.

x Rsayfa x 2 + ( x y ) 2 4( x 2 + y 2 ) sin 2
10

tagGnuKmn_ f ( x ; y ) = x 2 + ( x y ) 2 4( x 2 + y 2 ) sin 2
10
- 141 - PaK1
eKn
1+ 5 2
f ( x ; y ) = x 2 + x 2 2xy + y 2 4( x 2 + y 2 )( )
4
6+ 2 5
= 2x 2 2xy + y 2 4( x 2 + y 2 )
16
3+ 5
= 2x 2 2xy + y 2 ( x 2 + y 2 )
2
1 5 2 1+ 5 2
= x 2xy y
2 2
5 1 2 5 +1 2
= x + 2xy + y
2 2
2
5 1 5 + 1
= x+ y 0 , x, y IR
2 2

dUcen x 2 + ( x y ) 2 4( x 2 + y 2 ) sin 2
10
.
- 142 - PaK1
lMhatTI79
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (U ) kMnteday U = 2 . sin n4
n n
n
Edl n IN * .
k-cUrbgajfa 2 . cos (n +41) = cos n4 sin n4
x-Taj[nfa U = ( 2 ) cos n4 ( 2 ) cos (n +41)
n
n n +1
K-KNnaplbUk
S = U + U + U + ......... + U CaGnuKmn_n n .
n 1 2 3 n
dMeNaRsay
k-cUrbgHajfa 2 . cos (n +41) = cos n4 sin n4
tamrUbmn cos(a + b) = cos a cos b sin a sin b
eyIgn
(n + 1) n
2 cos = 2 cos( + )
4 4 4
n n
= 2 (cos cos i sin sin )
4 4 4 4
(n + 1) 2 n 2 n n n
2 cos = 2 ( cos sin ) = cos sin
4 2 4 2 4 4 4
- 143 - PaK1
(n + 1) n n
dUcen 2 . cos
4
= cos
4
sin
4
.
n (n + 1)
x-Taj[nfa U n = ( 2 ) n cos
4
( 2 ) n +1 cos
4
(n + 1) n n
eyIgman 2 . cos
4
= cos
4
sin
4
n n (n + 1)
naM[ sin
4
= cos
4
2 cos
4
KuNGg:TaMgBIrnwg ( 2 )n
eKn ( 2 ) sin n4 = (
n n
2 ) n cos
4
( 2 ) n +1 cos
(n + 1)
4
n (n + 1)
dUcen U n = ( 2 ) n cos
4
( 2 ) n +1 cos
4
.
K-KNnaplbUk S n = U 1 + U 2 + U 3 + ......... + U n
eyIgn
n
k (k + 1)
S n = ( 2 )k cos ( 2 )k + 1 cos
k =1 4 4
(n + 1)
= 2 cos ( 2 )n + 1 cos
4 4
(n + 1)
dUcen S n = 1 ( 2 ) n +1 cos
4
.
- 144 - PaK1
lMhatTI80
eK[ n cMnYnBit a ; a ; a ; .......; a 0 .
1 2 3 n
eKtag S = a + a + an + ..... + a , n IN *
n
1 2 3 n
cUrRsayfaebI S a .a .a .......a a
n +1
n +1
1 2 3 n n +1
n
n
1 2 3 n
dMeNaRsay
RsayfaebI S a .a .a .......a a
n +1
n +1
1 2 3 n n +1
enaeKn S a a a .....a
n
n
1 2 3 n
eyIgman S a .a .a .......a a
n +1
n +1
1 2 3 n n +1
eday S = a + a + an + ..... + a
n
1 2 3 n
ena S = a + a + a n++....1 + a + a
n +1
1 2 3 n n +1
eKn
a 1 + a 2 + a 3 + ..... + a n + a n +1 n +1
a 1a 2 a 3 .........a n a n +1 (1)
n+1
a + a 2 + a 3 + ..... + a n
yk a n +1 = 1
n
(1) CYskg eKn
- 145 - PaK1
a 1 + a 2 + ..... + a n
a 1 + a 2 + .... + a n +
n a + a 2 + .... + a n
n +1 a 1 .a 2 ...a n . 1
n+1 n
a 1 + a 2 + ....... + a n a + a 2 + .... + a n
n +1 a 1 .a 2 ....a n . 1
n n
n +1
a 1 + a 2 + ......... + a n a 1 + a 2 + ...... + a n
a 1 .a 2 .....a n
n n
n
a 1 + a 2 + ....... + a n
a 1 .a 2 ......a n
n
a 1 + a 2 + ....... + a n
n a 1 .a 2 .........a n
n
eKTaj S a a a .....a
n
n
1 2 3 n
dUcen ebI S a .a .a .......a a

n +1
n +1
1 2 3 n n +1
n
n
1 2 3 n
lMhatTI81
1 1 3 5 99 1
cUrbgHajfa < . . ......
15 2 4 6
<
100 10
dMeNaRsay
bgHajfa 151 < 12 . 43 . 56 ...... 100
99
<
1
10
eyIgman n IN * : 2n + 1 = n + (n + 1) > 2 n(n + 1)
eKTaj 22nn ++ 12 > n n+ 1
- 146 - PaK1
3 5 99 1 2 49 1
eKn . ......
4 6 100
> . ...... =
2 3 50 5 2
1 1 3 5 99 1
KuNnwg 2
eKn . . ........
2 4 6
>
100 10 2
1 1
eday 10 2 15
>
1 3 5 99 1
eKTaj . . ....
2 4 6 100 15
> (1)
mageTot
n IN * : 4n = ( 2n 1) + ( 2n + 1) > 2 ( 2n 1)( 2n + 1)
2n 2n + 1 2n 1 2n 1
eKTaj 2n 1
>
2n 1 2n
rW <
2n + 1
1 3 5 99 1 3 5 99 1
eKn . . .....
2 4 6 100
< . . ....
3 5 7 101
=
101
1 1 1
eday 101
<
100 10
=
1 3 5 99 1
eKTaj . . ....
2 4 6 100 10
< ( 2)
tamTMnakTMng (1) nwg

eKn
( 2)
1 1 3 5 99 1
< . . ......
15 2 4 6
<
100 10
.
- 147 - PaK1
lMhatTI82
eK[ 2n cMnYnBit a 1 ; a 2 ; .....; a n ; b 1 ; b 2 ; ....; b n .
cUrRsayfa
2 2 2 2 2 2
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa
2 2 2 2 2 2
eyIgeRCIserIsGnuKmn_mYykMnt x IR eday
f(x) = (a1x + b1)2 + (a2x + b2 )2 + .....+ (anx + bn )2
2 2 2 2 2 2
f(x) = (a1 + a2 ...+ an )x2 + 2(a1b1 + a2b2 + ..+ anbn )x + (b1 + b2 + ...+ bn )
a f > 0
eday RtIFa
x IR Canicena
f ( x) 0
' 0
eday a = a + a + ..... + a > 0
f 1
2
2
2
n
2
ehtueneKnCanic ' 0 .
'= (a1b1 +a2b2 +........+anbn ) 2(a1 +a2 +....+an )(b1 +b2 +....+bn ) 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
dUcen (a b +a b +....+a b ) (a
1 1 2 2 n n
2
1
2 2 2
+a2 +....+an )(b1 +b2 +.....+bn )
2 2 2
- 148 - PaK1
lMhatTI83
eK[ (x ) nig (y ) CasIVtcMnYnBitkMntelI IN
n n
eday x = 5 , y = 1 nigTMnakTMngkMenIn
0 0
x = x + 3x y
n +1 n
3
nig y = 3x y + y RKb
n n
2
n+1 n
2
n n
3
n IN
cUrKNna x nig y CaGnuKmn_n n .
n n
dMeNaRsay
KNna x nig y CaGnuKmn_n n
n n
eKman x = x + 3x y (1)
n+1 n
3
n n
2
nig y = 3x y + y (2)
n+1 n
2
n n
3
bUksmIkar (1) nig (2) eKn

xn + 1 + y n + 1 = ( xn + y n )3
ln( xn + 1 + y n + 1 ) = 3. ln( xn + y n )
TMnakTMngenbBaakfa { ln(x n + yn ) } CasIVtFrNImaRtman
ersug q = 3 nigtYdMbUg ln(x 0 + y ) = ln 6 .
0
eKn ln( x + y ) = 3 ln 6
n n
n
- 149 - PaK1
eKTaj x + y = 6
n n
3n
( 3)
dkksmIkar (1) nig ( 2) eKn
xn + 1 y n + 1 = ( xn y n )3
ln( xn + 1 y n + 1 ) = 3. ln( xn y n )
TMnakTMngenbBaakfa { ln(x y ) } CasIVtFrNImaRtman
n n
ersug q = 3 nigtYdMbUg ln(x y ) = ln 4 . 0 0
eKn ln( x y ) = 3 ln 4
n n
n
eKTaj x y = 4 (4)
n n
3n
bUksmIkar (3) nig (4) eKn 2x = 6 + 4 n

3n 3n
n n
63 + 43
eKTaj xn =
2
.
dksmIkar ( 3) nig
( 4) eKn 2y n = 6 3 4 3
n n
n n
63 43
eKTaj yn =
2
.
n n n n
63 + 43 63 43
dUcen xn =
2
nig yn =
2
.
( sUmrgcaMGanPaKTI2 sUmGrKuN )
- 150 - PaK1
ksareyag
( Referent )
1. 103 Trigonometry Problems

(From the training of the USA IMO Team)
2. Five Hundred Mathematical Challenges
(By Edward J. Bar beau, Murray S. Klamkin)
3. Complex Numbers From A to Z
(By Titu Andresscu , Dorin Andrica )
4. Mathematical Olympiad in China
5. Mathematical Olympiad Challenges
(By Titu Andresscu & Razvan Gelca)
6. Mathematical Olympiad Treasures
(By Titu Andreescu , Bogdan enescu )
7. International Mathematical Olympiads 1959-1977
( Samuel L. Greitzer )
8. The IMO Compendium ( 1959-2004 )
9. 360 Problems for Mathematical Contest
(By Titu Andreescu , Dorin Andrica )
- 151 - PaK1
- 152 - PaK1

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eroberogeday lwm pl:n

briBaabR&tKNitviTa nig BaNiCkm

Problems and Solutions

tdMbgfTI07 mkra 2009

Problems and Solutions

5-cUrbgHajfa tan 3a tan 2a tan a = tan 3a tan 2a tan a

P nig Q CaBIrcMnucnRCug [BC]Edl BP = PQ = QC .

9-eK[ z nig z CacMnYnkMupicBIrEdl | z | = | z | = 1

cUrRsayfa 1z+ +z zz CacMnYnBitmYy .

16-eK[ x,y,z CacMnYnBitEdlepgpatlkx&N

cUrbgHajfa cos 2x cos 2y cos 2z 0 .

Edl a nig b CacMnYnBitEdl a + b 0 .

21-eK[GnuKmn_ f kMntRKb x IR { 1 ; 0 } eday

26-kgRtIekaN ABC mYycUrRsaybBaakfa

30-eK[ 2 = 2 cos 2 , 2 + 2 = 2 cos 2 , 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 cos 2

BITahrN_xagelIcUrrkrUbmnTUeTA nig RsaybBaak

cUrbgHajfa E Eckdacnwg 187 CanicRKb n IN .

33-cUrRsaybBaakfa1 + 12 + 13 + ..... + n1+ 1 < 2 n + 1

tan x tan y + tan x tan y = 4 3

42-eKman y=a 1 log a x

cUrRsayfa x=a 1 log a z

cUrKNna u nsIVt (u ) CaGnuKmn_n n .

cUrbgHajfaebI A CakaerRkdena B kCakaerkdEdr .

Rsayfa A Eckdacnwg 7 luRtaEt B Eckdacnwg 7 .

Edl a , a , a , ....., a Caelx .

cUrRsayfacMnYn A Eckdacnwg 6 kalNa

63-cUrkMntelx a nig b edIm,I[cMnYn abba CaKUbncMnYnKt

67-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (U ) kMntelI IN eday

68-cUrKNna S = cos 9 cos 49 + cos 79

69-eK[RtIekaN ABC mYymanmMukgCamMuRsYc .

80-eK[ n cMnYnBit a ; a ; a ; .......; a 0 .

81-cUrbgHajfa 151 < 12 . 43 . 56 ...... 100

cUrKNna x nig y CaGnuKmn_n n .

f 2 (sin 2x ) = sin 2 x + 2 sin x cos x + cos 2 x

tag DBC = ; DPC = ; DQC =

cUrRsayfa 1z+ +z zz CacMnYnBitmYy .

nig f (x) = 12 + 12 + 12 + ... + 12 + 12 + x + 4

eday L = lim 12x+x4 4 = lim 12 +1x + 4 = 18

cos 60o cos 1o

cos 60o cos 2o

cos 60o cos 3o

cos 60o cos 29o

eKTaj 4 cos x = 3 cos x + cos 3x (1)

4 cos 3 y = 3 cos y + cos 3y ( 2)

(eRBa cos x + cos y + cos z = 0 nig cos 3x + cos 3y + cos 3z = 0 )

eKTaj 3 cos x cos y cos z = 0

eyIgman S ABC = S ACC' + SCC'B

cUrrksMNlnviFIEckrvag P(x) nwg x + 1 .

-ebI n = 1 ena P(x) = x sin a + cos a

Edl Q(x) CaplEck nwg R(x) = Ax + B

ebI x = i ena (i sin a + cos a) = Ai + B

cos(na) + i. sin(na) = B + i.A

Edl a nig b CacMnYnBitEdl a+b0 .

smIkar (2) mancemIykg IN * kalNa CakaerRkd

eKn 168 4(m 13m) = (2k + 1) 1 = 4k (k + 1)

eKTaj k (k + 1) = 42 + m(13 m) eday 1 m 12

Edl k > 0 tag[pleFobdMnUc .

eKTaj 2abc a = BC .dUcen E' E + EF + FF' BC .