Suite For Grade 11 Fundamental and Strengthen

sadeBum<pay
esovePAKNitviTa
1-dMeNaRsaylMhatKNitviTa eBum< qaM2000
( sRmabeRtomRbLgcUlsaklviTal&y nig GaharUbkrN_ )
2-BiPBsVItcMnYnBit ( sRmabfakTI11 nig sisBUEkKNitviTa )
3- GnuKmn_RtIekaNmaRt ( sRmabfakTI11 nig sisBUEkKNitviTa )
4- dMeNaRsayKMrU cMnYnkMupic lImIt edrIev ( sRmabfakTI12)
5- segbrUbmnKNitviTa ( sRmabfakTI11-12 )
6- KMrUsikaGnuKmn_ ( sRmabfakTI11-12 )
7- kMEnlMhatKNitviTafakTI10kmviFIsikafI ( PaK1 qaM2008 )
8- 151 KNnalImIt ( sRmabfakTI11-12 )
9- KNitviTaCMuvijBiPBelak PaK1- PaK2 nig PaK3
( sRmabsisBUEkKNitviTafakTI11 nig 12 )
10- kMEnlMhatKNitviTafakTI11 kMritmUldan kmviFIsikafI
( PaK1 qaM2009 )
11-sIVtncMnYnBit sRmabfakTI11 kMritx<s nig kMritmUldan
GkcUlrYmRtYtBinitbeckeTs
elak lwm qun
elak Esn Bisid
elakRsI Tuy rINa
elak Tit emg
elak RBwm sunit
elak pl bunqay
GkRtYtBinitGkraviruT
elak lwm miKsir
karIkMuBT&r
kBaa lI KuNaka
GkniBn nig eroberog
elak lwm pln nig elak Esn Bisid
Garmkfa
esovePA sIVtncMnYnBit sRmabfakTI11 kMritmUldan nig kMrit
x<s EdlGksikakMBugkanenAkgden xMJTneroberog niBn eLIg
kgeKalbMngTukCaksarsRmabGksikaEdlmanbMngcgyldwg
GMBIemeronsIVtncMnYnBiten[kanEtc,as nigmageTotedIm,ICaCMnYydl
GksikaEdlmanbMngeRtomRbLgsisBUEkEpkKNitviTa
nig eRtomRbLgykGaharUbkrN_nana .
enAkgesovePAeneyIgxMJnxitxMRsavRCaveRCIserIsyklMhatyag
sRmaMgbMputykmkeFIVdMeNaRsayyagek,ak,ayEdlGac[elakGk
gayylqabcgcaMGMBIsil,nkaredaRsayTaMgGsen TnwmnwgenEdr
xMJTkndaklMhatGnuvtn_enAEpkcugeRkayesovePATuksRmabGksika
hVwkhatedaRsayedayxngEfmeTot .
buEneTaCayagNakeday kgVxat nig kMhusqgedayGectnaRkd
CaekItmanCaBMuxan TaMgbeckeTs nig GkraviruT .
GaRs&yehtuen eyIgxMJCaGkeroberogrgcaMedayrIkrayCanicnUvmtiriKn
EbbsSabnaBIsMNakGksikakgRKbmCdanedIm,ICYyEklMG esovePAen
[nkanEtsuRkiRtPaBEfmeTot .
CaTIbBabeneyIgxMJGkeroberogsUmeKarBCUnBrdlGksikaTaMgGs
[mansuxPaBmaMmYn nig TTYlC&yCMnRKbParkic .
tdMbgfTI 18 mifuna 2009
GkniBn lwm pln
Tel : (017) 768 246
eroberogeday lwm pl:n nig Esn Bisid
EpkRbFanlMhat
Problems
-1-
dMNwgsika !
sRmabGksikaEdlmanbMng cgsikaKNitviTaBiess
fakTI 10-11-12 KNitviTasRmabeRtomRbLg sisBUEk
nig GaharUbkrN_ GacTMnakTMngsikantamryTUrs&B
017 768 246 EdlbeRgneday lwm pl:n .
CaBiess sRmabGksikaEdlmancMglGMBI bBaHalMhat
KNitviTa GacTUrsB&mkBiPakaCamYyxMJTtamelxxagelI
xMJTrgcaMsVaKmn_edaykIrIkray .
sUmGKuN!
EpkRbFanlMhat
1-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) kMnt;eday
n
2n 1
u
n
( n 1)( n 2n 2)
2 2
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ....
k> cUrsresr u Carag n A 1 n B2n 2 Edl A nig B
n 2 2
CaBIrcMnYnBitRtUvkMnt; .
x>KNnaplbUk S u u u u ... u
n
n
k 0
k 0 1 2 n
CaGnuKmn_n n rYcTajrklImItvakalNa n .
2- eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) kMnt;eday
n
2n 1
un
( n 2 1) n2 2n 2 ( n2 2n 2) n 2 1
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; .... .
k> cUrsresr u Carag nA 1 n B2n 2
n 2 2
Edl A nig B CaBIrcMnYnBitRtUvkMnt; .

x> KNnaplbUk S u u u u ... u
n
n
k 0
k 0 1 2 n
-2-
n
n
u
n
2
( 2 1)( 2 1)
n
Edl
n1
n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ....
k> cUrsresr u Carag 2 A 1 2 B 1 Edl A nig B

n n n1
n
n
k 0
k 0 1 2 n
n
2n 3
u
n
4n 1
2
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ....
k> cUrsresr u Carag 2nA 1 2nB 1 Edl A nig B
n
x> KNnaplbUk
Sn 2k uk 2u1 22 u2 23 u3 ... 2n un
n
k 1
CaGnuKmn_n n .
-3-
5-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) kMnt;eday n
2( n 1) 2
u
n
n n 1
4 2
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ....
k> cUrsresr u Carag n An 1 n Bn 1 Edl A nig B

n 2 2
x> KNnaplbUk
Sn 3k 1 uk u1 3u2 32 u3 ... 3n 1 un
n
k 1
CaGnuKmn_n n .
3n 1 2
u
n
( n 1)
2
Edl n 2
3
k> cUrsresr u Carag (n A1) (n B1) Edl A nig B

n 3 3
n
n
k2
k 2 3 4 n
-4-
n
u
n 2n
1
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ....
2 1
k> cUrsresr u Carag A B Edl A nig B
n 2n 2n1
2 1 2 1
x> KNnaplbUk
S n 2k uk u0 2u1 4u2 ... 2n un
n
k 0
n
2 2
n 2n 1
un 3 2
n ( n 1)2
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ....
k> cUrsresr u Carag nA (n B1) Edl A nig B
n 2 2
x> KNnaplbUk
n
u 1 1 1 1
Sn kk u1 2 u2 3 u3 ... n un
k 1 3 3 3 3 3
-5-
n
4n 3
u
n
5 n
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ....
k> cUrsresr u Carag An5 B An5 B Edl A nig B
n n n1
n
n
k 1
k 1 2 3 n
n
( n 1)( 3n 1)
un
4n
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ....
B( n 1)
2 2
k> cUrsresr u Carag An

n
4

4n n1

n
n
k 0
k 0 1 2 n
-6-
n
u
n n
6
( 2 3 )( 2 3 ) n
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ....
n1 n1
k> cUrepgpat;smPaB
3n 1 3n
un n 1 n
2 3 n1
2 3n
n
n
k 0
k 0 1 2 n
1
un log 2 1 . log 2 n 2 n
n
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; .... .
k>cUrbgajfa u 0 cMeBaHRKb; n 1
n
x>KNnaplbUk S u u u .... u CaGnuKmn_n n

n 1 2 3 n
K>kMnt; n edIm,I[ S 100 . n
u log
n
n 2 Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; .... .
( n 1)
k>cUrbgajfa u CasIVtcuHCaniccMeBaHRKb; n 1
n
-7-
x>KNnaplbUk S ln u ln u ln u .... ln u
n 1 2 3 n
CaGnuKmn_n n
14-eK[ (u ) mantY u ; u ; u ; ....; u CasIVtnBVn .
n n1 1 2 3 n
cMeBaHRKb; a 0 nig a 1 eKBinitsIVt (v ) mantY n n1
kMnt;eday a ; a ; a ; .....; a .
u1 u2 u3 un
cUrrkRbePTnsIVt v n n1
15-eK[ (u ) mantY u ; u ; u ; ....; u

n n1 1 2 3 n
CasIVtFrNImaRt ehIymantYTaMgGs;suTEtviCman .
kMnt;eday log u ; log u ; log u ; .....; log u .

a 1 a 2 a 3 a n
16-KNnaplKuN
23 1 33 1 43 1 n3 1
Pn 3 3 3 ..... 3
2 1 3 1 4 1 n 1
17-KNnaplKuN
1 1 1 1
Pn 1 1 2 1 4 ..... 1 2 n
2 2 2 2
-8-
18-KNnaplKuN
Pn 1 23 43 1 29 49 ..... (1 23 43 )
n n
19-KNnaplKuN
Pn 1 2 2 1 2 2 ..... (1 2 2
2 4 4 8 2n 2n1
)
20-KNnaplKuN
Pn 1 23 43 1 29 49 ..... (1 23 43 )
n n
21-KNnaplKuN
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
Pn 2 3 4 ..... n
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
2 3 4 n
22-KNnaplKuN
1 1 1 1
Pn 1 2 1 2 1 2 .... 1 2
2 3 4 n
23-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit u kMnt;eday n n1
1 1
u
1
1
3
ni g TM n ak; T M n gkM e nI n u 1 u
3
n1
n
n n 1
k>KNna u CaGnuKmn_n n .
n
x>tag S u u u .... u .
n 1 2 3 n
-9-
edayeRbIplsg S 13 S cUrKNna S CaGnuKmn_n n

n n n
24-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit u kMnt;eday
n n1
n( n 1)
u
1
1
2
nig TMnak;TMngkM enIn ( n 1)u nu
2
n n1 n1
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ..... .
n
n 1 2 3 n
edayeRbIplsg S 12 S cUrKNna S CaGnuKmn_n n .

n n n
f (1) 1

25-cMeBaHRKb; n 1 eKman f ( n) an bn cn d
3 2
f ( n 1) f ( n) n 2

k>KNnatmelxn a ; b ; c ; d EdlbMeBjlkxNxagelI.
x>Tajrktm S 1 2 3 .... n .
n
2 2 2 2
n n 0
u 5 nig TMnak;TMngkMenIn u u 6
2
0 n1 n
5
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ... .
cUrKNna u CaGnuKmn_n n
n
- 10 -
n n1
u 5 ; u 13 nig TMnak;TMngkMenIn u 5u
1 2 n 2 n1 6un
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
n
n n1
1 2 n 2 n1 9un
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
n
n n1
1 2 n 2 n1 4un
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
n
n n 0
u 4 ; u 7 ; u 5 nig TMnak;TMngkMenIn
0 1 2
un 3 10un 2 31un 1 30un

Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
- 11 -
k>cUrkMnt;RKb;KUcMnYnBit r ; ; edIm,I[cMeBaHRKb; n 0
eK)an u u u r u u u
n 3 n 2 n1 n 2 n1 n
x> cUrKNna u CaGnuKmn_n n .

n
31-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) kMnt;eday n n 0
u u 1 ; u 2 nig TMnak;TMngkMenIn
0 1 2
un 3 6un 2 12un 1 8un

Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
cUrKNna u CaGnuKmn_n n .
n
32-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) kMnt;eday n n1
3u 8
u 4 nig TMnak;TMngkMeNIn u Edl n IN *
n1
n
u 5
1
n
k> edaHRsaysmIkar r 3rr58

edaytag r nig r Cabs ehIy r r .
1 2 1 2
x> eKBinitsIVt v uu rr Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ..... .

n
n 1
n 2
bgajfa (v ) CasIVtFrNImaRtrYcKNna v CaGnuKmn_n n .

n n
K> cUrKNna u CaGnuKmn_n n .

n
- 12 -
n n1
5u 8
u 3 nig TMnak;TMngkMeNIn u n1
n
2u 3
1
n
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
k> edaHRsaysmIkar r 52rr 83 tag r Cabs 0
x> eKBinitsIVt v u 1 r Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ..... .

n
n 0
bgajfa (v ) CasIVtnBVnrYcKNna v CaGnuKmn_n n .

n n

n
n n 0
u 2 nig TMnak;TMngkMeNIn u u 4u 2
2
0 n1 n n
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
k> eKtag v lnu 2 cMeBaHRKb; n 0 .
n n
bgajfa v CasIVtFrNImaRt rYcKNna v CaGnuKmn_n n

n n

n
K>KNna P u 3 CaGnuKmn_n n .
n
n
k 0
k
- 13 -
n n 0
u 2 nig TMnak;TMngkMeNIn u 4u 6u 3u
3 2
0 n1 n n n
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
k> eKtag v ln2u 1 cMeBaHRKb; n 0 .
n n

n n

n
n n 0
u 3
2
n
2u 2
0
n
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
k> cUrRsayfa u 1 CanicRKb; n 0 .
n
x> eKtag v ln uu 13 cMeBaHRKb; n 0 .

n
n
n
n n
x> cUrKNna u CaGnuKmn_n n rYcTajrk lim u .

n
n
n
- 14 -
u 6u 2
3
n n
3( u u 1)
0 2
n n
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
n

n
n

n n

n
n
n
38-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) nig v kMnt;eday

n n 0 n n 0
u0 4 ; v0 1
13un 3vn
n1
u
5
12vn 2un
v
n 1
5
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
k> eKtag x u v nig y 2u 3v cMeBaHRKb; n 0
n n n n n n
bgajfa x nig y CasIVtFrNImaRt.

n n
- 15 -
KNna x nig y CaGnuKmn_n n .

n n
x> cUrKNna u nig v CaGnuKmn_n n .

n n

n n 0 n n 0
u0 3 ; v0 1
8 2
n1
u un vn
3 3
1 7

n 1 3 n 3 vn
v u
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
k> cUrkMnt;RKb;KU r ; edIm,I[ u v r u v
n1 n1 n n
cMeBaHRKb; n 0 .
x> KNna u nig v CaGnuKmn_n n .
n n

n n 0 n n 0
u0 4 ; v0 2
un 1 un 2vn
2 2
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .

2
n1
v 2 u v
n n v n
k> cUrRsayfa u v CaniccMeBaHRKb; n 0 .

n n
x> bgajfaeKGackMnt;cMnYnBit r edIm,I[)an

- 16 -
un 1 r vn 1 un r vn
2
K> cUrKNna u nig v CaGuKmn_n n .

n n
41-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) nig v kMnt;eday n n 0 n n 0
u 4 u u 6u v 6v 3 2 3
v 2
0
ni g
n1 n n n n
0 vn 1 3un 2vn 9un vn 2 7vn 3

Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
k> cMeBaHRKb; n 0 cUrRsayfa u v 0 nig u n n n 2vn 0
un 1 r vn 1 un r vn
3

n n
2
u 2 nig u u 2n Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ...

1 n 7
0 n1 n
2 2 2
eKtag v u (n 1) .
n n
2
k> bgajfa v CasIVtFrNImaRt .

n
x>KNna v nig u CaGnuKmn_n n .

n n
43-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit u kMnt;cMeBaHRKb; n N eday

n
- 17 -
( 2n 1)( un 1)
u0 1 nig un 1
4un 6n 1
.
k>tag v 2uu n1 cMeBaH n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ... .
n
n
bgajfa v CasIVtFrNImaRt .
n
x> KNna v nig u CaGnuKmn_n n .

n n
44-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit u kMnt;eday n
u0 1 ; u1 2
3 1 n2
un 2 2 un 1 2 un 1 2 ; n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ...
k>tag v u u n . bgajfa v CasIVtFrNImaRt .

n n 1 n n

n n
45-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit u kMnt;eday n

0
u sin
11
u 3u 4u 3 ; n IN
n1 n n
3n
edayeRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTacUrRsayfa un sin
11
.
- 18 -
46-eK[ S n
1

1
sin a sin a
.....
1
a
cMeBaH n IN
sin n
2 2
edayeRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTaRsayfa S n cot
a
2n 1
cot a
u0 5 1
47-eK[sIVt u kMnt;eday
n
un 1 un 2 2un
Edl n 0 , 1 , 2 , ..... .
edayeRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTacUrRsayfa
2n 2n
5 1 5 1
un 1 .
2 2
48- eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (a ) kMnt;eday
n
a0 2
an 1 4an 1 4an 1 ; n IN
cUrKNna a CaGnuKmn_n n .
n
49-eKmanGnuKmn_ f kMnt;eday
f ( x ) 5 x 3 9 x 2 15 x 3
k> Rsayfa f ( x ) CaGnuKmn_ekInCanicelIEdnkMnt;rbs;va .
x> eKBinitsIVt a nig b kMnt;eday a f1(1)
n n 0 3
- 19 -
nigcMeBaH RKb; n IN : a n1
f ( an )
1
an f
3
an
nig b 2 11 aa .
n
n
cUrrkTMnak;TMngrvag b nig b .
n1 n
3n
2
K>edayeRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTacUrRsayfa b n
3
.
X> Tajrk a CaGnuKmn_n n .
n
- 20 -
dMNwgsika !
sUmGKuN!
EpkdMeNaRsay
Solutions
- 21 -
lMhatTI1
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) kMnt;eday
n
2n 1
u
n
( n 1)( n 2n 2)
2 2
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ....
k> cUrsresr u Carag n A 1 n B2n 2 Edl A nig B
n 2 2
n
n
k 0
k 0 1 2 n
dMeNaRsay
k> sresr u Carag n A 1 n B2n 2
n 2 2
eKman u (n 1)(2nn 12n 2)

n 2 2
( 2n 1)
eK)an n A 1 n
2 2
B

2n 2 ( n2 1)( n 2 2n 2)
A( n 2 2n 2) B( n2 1) 2n 1
( A B )n2 2 An ( 2 A B ) 2n 1
smIkareRkayenHBitcMeBaHRKb;cMnYnKt; n 0 luHRtaEt
- 22 -
A B 0
2A 2 naM[ A 1 ; B 1
2A B 1
dUcenH u n 1 1 n 21n 2 .
n 2 2

n
n
k 0
k 0 1 2 n
tamsRmayxagelIeKman u n 1 1 n 21n 2 n 2 2
eK)an S k 1 1 k 21k 2
n
n
k 0
2 2
1 1 1 1 1
1 ... 2 2
2 2 5 n 1 n 2n 2
1 n 2 2n 2 1
1 2
n 2n 2 n 2 2n 2
n 2 2n 1 ( n 1)2
2
n 2n 2 n 2 2n 2
( n 1)2
dUcenHSn 2
n 2n 2
.
rklImItn S kalNa n
n
eKman S 1 n 21n 2
n 2
dUcenH lim S 1 eRBaH lim n

n
n
n 2
1
2n 2
0 .
- 23 -
lMhatTI2
n
2n 1
un
( n 2 1) n2 2n 2 ( n2 2n 2) n 2 1
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; .... .
k> cUrsresr u Carag nA 1 n B2n 2
n 2 2

n
n
k 0
k 0 1 2 n
dMeNaRsay
k>sresr u Carag nA 1 n B2n 2
n 2 2
eyIg)an
2n 1
un
( n 2 1) n2 2n 2 ( n2 2n 2) n 2 1
2n 1

n 2 1 n 2 2n 2 ( n 2 1 n 2 2n 2 )
( 2n 1)( n2 2n 2 n 2 1 )

n2 1 n2 2n 2 ( 2n 1)
- 24 -
n 2 2n 2 n 2 1
un
n 2 1 n 2 2n 2
n 2 2n 2 n2 1

n 1 n 2n 2
2 2
n 2 1 n 2 2n 2
1 1

n2 1 n 2 2n 2
dUcenH
un
1
n 1
2
Edl
1
n 2n 2
2
.A 1 ; B 1

n
n
k 0
k 0 1 2 n
eKman u n1 1 n 12n 2 sRmayxagelI

n 2 2
1
eK)an S n
n
k 0

k 1
2

1
k 2k 2
2

1 1 1 1 1
1 ...
2 2 5 5 10
1 1
... 2
n 1 n 2
2 n 2
1 n 2 2n 2 1
1
n 2n 2
2
n 2 2n 2
n 2 2n 2 1
dUcenH Sn
n 2n 2
2
lim Sn 1
n
nig .
- 25 -
lMhatTI3
n
n
u
n
2
( 2 1)( 2 1)
n
Edl
n1
n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ....
k> cUrsresr u Carag 2 A 1 2 B 1 Edl A nig B

n n n1
n
n
k 0
k 0 1 2 n
dMeNaRsay
k> sresr u Carag 2 A 1 2 B 1
n n n1
eKman u (2 1)(22 1)
n n n1
( 2 1)2n 2n 1 2n
n
( 2 1)( 2n 1 1) ( 2n 1)( 2n 1 1)
( 2n 1 1) ( 2n 1) 1 1

( 2n 1)( 2n 1 1) 2n 1 2n 1 1
dUcenH un n
1
2 1 2 1
n1
1
ehIy
A 1 ; B 1 .
- 26 -

n
n
k 0
k 0 1 2 n
eKman u 2 1 1 2 1 1 .
n n n1
eK)an
n
1 1
Sn k k 1
k 0 2 1 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
... n n1
2 3 3 5 2 1 2 1
1 1
n1
2 2 1
dUcenH 1
Sn n 1
2 2 1
1
.
KNnalImIt lim S n
n
eyIg)an lim S lim 12 2

n
n
n
1
n1

1
eday lim 2
n n1
1

1
0
dUcenH lim S
n
n
1
2
.
- 27 -
lMhatTI4
n
2n 3
u
n
4n 1
2
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ....
k> cUrsresr u Carag 2nA 1 2nB 1 Edl A nig B
n
x> KNnaplbUk
Sn 2k uk 2u1 22 u2 23 u3 ... 2n un
n
k 1
CaGnuKmn_n n .
dMeNaRsay
k> sresr u Carag 2nA 1 2nB 1
n
eKman u 42nn 31
n 2
eK)an 2nA 1 2nB 1 42nn 31 2
A( 2n 1) B( 2n 1) 2n 3
( 2 A 2 B )n ( A B ) 2 n 3
smIkareRkayenHepgpat;cMeBaHRKb; n 1 luHRtaEt
- 28 -
2 A 2B 2
eKTaj
A 2 ; B 1
A B 3
dUcenH un
2

1
2n 1 2n 1
A 2 ; B 1nig .
x> KNnaplbUk
Sn 2k uk 2u1 22 u2 23 u3 ... 2n un
n
k 1
eKman u 2n2 1 2n1 1

n
eK)an S 22k 1 2k2 1

n k 1 k
n
k 1
4 2 8 4 2n 1 2n
....
3 1 5 3 2n 1 2n 1
2n 1 2n 1 4n 2
2
2n 1 2n 1
2 4n 2
n1
dUcenH Sn
2n 1
.

- 29 -
lMhatTI5
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) kMnt;eday n
2( n 1) 2
u
n
n n 1
4
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ....
2
k> cUrsresr u Carag n An 1 n Bn 1 Edl A nig B

n 2 2
x> KNnaplbUk
Sn 3k 1 uk u1 3u2 32 u3 ... 3n 1 un
n
k 1
CaGnuKmn_n n .
dMeNaRsay
k>sresr u Carag n An 1 n Bn 1
n 2 2
eKman u n2(n n 1) 1
2
n 4 2
eK)an n An 1 n Bn 1 n2(n n 1) 1
2
2 2 4 2
A( n 2 n 1) B( n2 n 1) 2( n 1)2
( A B )n 2 ( A B )n ( A B ) 2 n 2 4n 2
- 30 -
eKTaj)an A A B B 2 4 eKTaj A 3 ; B 1

dUcenH u n 3n 1 n
n 2 2
1
n1
ehIy A 3 ; B 1.
x> KNnaplbUk
Sn 3k 1 uk u1 3u2 32 u3 ... 3n 1 un
n
k 1
eKman u n
3

1
n2 n 1 n2 n 1
eK)an

n 3k 3k 1
Sn 2 2
k 1 k k 1 k k 1
3 9 3 27 9 81 27
1 ....
3 7 3 13 7 21 13
3n 3n 1
2 2
n n 1 n n 1
3n 3n n2 n 1
1 2
n n1 n2 n 1
3n n 2 n 1
dUcenH Sn
n2 n 1
.
- 31 -
lMhatTI6
3n 12
u
n
( n 1)
2
Edl n23
k> cUrsresr u Carag (n A1) (n B1) Edl A nig B

n 3 3
n
n
k2
k 2 3 4 n
dMeNaRsay
k> sresr u Carag (n A1) (n B1)
n 3 3
3n 2 1
eKman un 2
( n 1)3
Edl n 2
eday (n 1) (n 1) (n 1)
2 3 3 3
ehIy (n 1) (n 1) 2(3n 1)
3 3 2
eK)an u 12 . (n(n11) ) (n(n11) )

3 3
n 3 3
dUcenH un
1

1
2( n 1)3 2( n 1)3
ehIy A 12 ; B 12 .
- 32 -

n
n
k2
k 2 3 4 n
eKman u 2(n 1 1) 2(n 1 1)

n 3 3
1 1 1 1 1 1

2 ( n 1)3 n3 2 n 3 ( n 1)3
eK)an
1 n 1 1 1 n 1 1
Sn
2 k 2 ( k 1)3 k 3 2 k 2 k 3 ( k 1)3
1 1 11 1
1 3
2 n 2 8 ( n 1)3
9 1 1 1
3
16 2 n ( n 1)3
9 1 2n 3 3n 2 3n 1
dUcenH Sn .
16 2 n3 ( n 1)3
.
KNnalImIt
9 1 2n 3 3n 2 3n 1
lim Sn lim .
n

n 16 2 n3 ( n 1)3
2n 3 3n 2 3n 1
eday lim
n n3 ( n 1)3
0
dUcenH lim Sn
n
9
16
.
- 33 -
lMhatTI7
n
u
n 2n
1
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ....
2 1
k> cUrsresr u Carag A B Edl A nig B
n 2n 2n1
2 1 2 1
x> KNnaplbUk
Sn 2k uk u0 2u1 4u2 ... 2n un
n
k 0
dMeNaRsay
k>sresr u Carag A B
n 2n 2n1
2 1 2 1
eKman u 1 Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ....
n 2n
2 1
eK)an A B 1
2n 2n1 2n
2 1 2 1 2 1
ebI n 0 enaH A B3 13 (1)
ebI n 1 enaH A3 15B 15 (2)
- 34 -
tam (1) nig (2) eK)anRbBnsmIkar

B 1
A

3 3
smmUl 53 AA BB 13
A B 1
3 15 5
bnab;BIedaHRsayeK)an A 1 ; B 2 .
dUcenH u 1 2 .
n 2n 2n1
2 1 2 1
x> KNnaplbUk
Sn 2k uk u0 2u1 4u2 ... 2n un
n
k 0
eKman un 2n
1

2
2n1
2 1 2 1
n k
2k 1 2n 1
eK)an Sn 2 k
2
2k 1 1 2n1
k 0 2 1 2 1 2 1
n 1
22 2n 1 1
dUcenH Sn . n1
22 1
KNnalImIt
n1 n1
eday S 1 2 Edl lim 2

n 2n1 2n1
0
2 1 2 n
1
dUcenH lim S 1 .
n
n
- 35 -
lMhatTI8
n
2 2
n 2n 1
3
un 2
n ( n 1)2
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ....
k> cUrsresr u Carag nA (n B1) Edl A nig B
n 2 2
x> KNnaplbUk
n
u 1 1 1 1
Sn kk u1 2 u2 3 u3 ... n un
k 1 3 3 3 3 3
dMeNaRsay
k> sresr u Carag nA (n B1)
n 2 2
2 2
n 2n 1
eK)an A
2

B
n ( n 1) 2
3 2
n ( n 1)2
2
A( n 1)2 Bn 2 n2 2n 1
3
( 3 A 3 B )n2 6 An 3 A 2n2 6n 3
- 36 -
3 A 3B 2

eKTaj 6 A 6 naM[ A 1 ; B
1
3
3 A 3

dUcenH 1
un 2
1
n 3( n 1)2
.
x> KNnaplbUk
n
u 1 1 1 1
Sn kk u1 2 u2 3 u3 ... n un
k 1 3 3 3 3 3
eday un 2
1
n 3( n 1)2
1
n 1 1
eK)an Sn 2 . k
k 1 k
1 1
.
3 ( k 1)2 3k 1
1 1

3 ( n 1)2 3n 1
dUcenH Sn
1 1
3 ( n 1)2 3n 1
.
eday lim
1
n ( n 1) 2 .3 n 1
0
dUcenH lim Sn
n
. 1
3
- 37 -
lMhatTI9
n
4n 3
u
n n
5
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ....
k> cUrsresr u Carag An5 B An5 B Edl A nig B
n n n1
n
n
k 1
k 1 2 3 n
dMeNaRsay
k> sresr u Carag An5 B An5 B
n n n1
eK)an An5 B An5 B 4n5 3

n n1 n
5( An B ) ( An B ) 5(4n 3)
4 An 6 B 20n 15
eKTaj A5 ; B
5
2
5 5
5n 5n
dUcenHun
5 n
2
5 n1
2 .
- 38 -
x> KNnaplbUk S n uk u1 u2 u3 ... un

n
k 1
5 5
5n 5n
eKman un
5 n
2
5 n1
2
2n 1 2n 1
b un n 1
5 5n
2k 1 2k 1
eK)an n
Sn k 1
k 1 5 5k

3 3 5 5 7
1 .....
5 5 25 25 125
2n 1 2n 1
... n 1
5 5n
2n 1 5n ( 2n 1)
1 n

5 5n
5 n 2n 1
dUcenH Sn .5n
2n 1
ma:geTot eday Sn 1
5n
2n 1
kalNa n enaH 5 n
0
dUcenH lim S 1 .
n
n
- 39 -
lMhatTI10
n
( n 1)( 3n 1)
u
n
4 n
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ....
B( n 1) 2 2
k> cUrsresr u Carag An n

4

4
Edl A nig B
n n1
n
k 0
n
k 0 1 2 n
dMeNaRsay
B( n 1) 2 2
k>sresr u Carag An
n
4

4 n n1
2
B( n 1) ( n 1)( 3n 1) 2
eK)an An 4 n

4
n1
4 n
4 An 2 B( n 1)2 4( 3n 2 2n 1)
(4 A B )n 2 2 Bn B 12n 2 8n 4
4 A B 12

eKTaj 2 B 8 naM[
A 4 ; B 4 .
B 4

4n 2 4( n 1)2
dUcenH un n
4 4n 1
.
- 40 -

n
n
k 0
k 0 1 2 n
eKman u 44n 4(n4 1) 4n (n 4 1)

2 2 2 2
n n n1 n 1 n
eK)an S 4k (k 4 1)
n 2 2
n k 1

k
k 0
4 4 9 9 16
0 1 1 ...
4 4 16 16 64
n 2 ( n 1)2
.... n 1
4
n
4
( n 1)2

4n
( n 1)2
dUcenH Sn
4n
ehIy lim S n
n 0 .

- 41 -
lMhatTI11
n
n
u
n n n
6
( 2 3 )( 2 3 )
n1
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ....
n1
k> cUrepgpat;smPaB
3n 1 3n
un n 1
2 3n 1 2n 3n
n
k 0
n
k 0 1 2 n
dMeNaRsay
n1 n
k> epgpat;smPaB u 2 3 3 2 3 3
n n1 n1 n n
eK)an u 3 ((22 33 ))(23 (2 3 )3 )

n1 n n n n1 n1
n n n n1 n1
3.6n 32 n 1 2.6n 32 n 1

( 2n 3n )( 2n 1 3n 1 )
6n
n
( 2 3n )( 2n 1 3n 1 )
Bit
3n 1 3n
dUcenH un n 1
2 3n 1 2n 3n
.
- 42 -

n
n
k 0
k 0 1 2 n
n1 n
eKman u 2 3 3 2 3 3
n n1 n1 n n
eK)an S 2 3 3 2 3 3
n k 1 k
n k 1 k 1

k k
k 0
3 1 9 3 27 9 81 27

5 2 13 5 35 13 97 35
3 n1 3n
...... n1 n
2 3 2 3
n1 n
1 3 n1 2n1 3n1 2.3n1

n1
2 2 3 n 1
2( 2n1 3n1 )
3 n1 2 n1

2( 3n1 2n1 )
1 3n 1 2n 1
dUcenH Sn . n 1
2 3 2n 1
ehIy lim S
n
n
1
2
.
- 43 -
lMhatTI12
1
un log 2 1 . log 2 n 2 n
n
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; .... .
k>cUrbgajfa u 0 cMeBaHRKb; n 1
n
x>KNnaplbUk S u u u .... u CaGnuKmn_n n

n 1 2 3 n
K>kMnt; n edIm,I[ S 100 . n
dMeNaRsay
k>bgajfa u 0 cMeBaHRKb; n 1
n
eKman u log 1 n1 . log n n

n 2 2
2
eday log 1 n1 log n n 1 log n 1 log n

2 2 2 2
nig log n n log n(n 1) log (n) log n 1

2
2
2 2 2
eK)an u log n 1 log n

n 2
2
2
2
cMeBaHRKb; n 1 eKman log (n 1) log n 2 2
dUcenH u 0 cMeBaHRKb; n 1 .
n
- 44 -
x>KNnaplbUk S u u u .... u
n 1 2 3 n
eKman u log n 1 log n

n 2
2
2
2
-ebI n 1 : u log 2 log 1

1 2
2
2
2

2 2
2
2
2

3 2
2
2
2
--------------------------------------
-ebI n n : u log (n 1) log n
n 2
2
2
2
eFIVviFIbUkGg nig GgnsmPaBTaMgenHeK)an

dUcenH S log n 1 .
n 2
2
K>kMnt; n edIm,I[ S 100 n
eyIg)an log n 1 100

2
2
log 2 n 1 10
n 1 210 1024
dUcenH n 1023 .
- 45 -
lMhatTI13
u log
n
n 2 Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; .... .
( n 1)
k>cUrbgajfa u CasIVtcuHCaniccMeBaHRKb; n 1
n
n 1 2 3 n
CaGnuKmn_n n
dMeNaRsay
k>bgajfa u CasIVtcuHCaniccMeBaHRKb; n 1
n
eKman u log n 2 nig u log n 3

n ( n 1) n1 ( n 2)
cMeBaHRKb; n 1 eKman (n 2) (n 2) 1 2 2
b (n 2) (n 2 1)(n 2 1) (n 1)(n 3)
2
eK)an log n 2 log (n 1)(n 3)

( n 2)
2
( n 2)
b 2 log n 1 log n 3 1
( n 2) (n 2)
tamvismPaB AM GM eKman
log ( n 2 ) n 1 log ( n 1) n 2 2 log ( n 2 ) n 1 log ( n 1) n 2
b log ( n 2 ) n 1 log ( n 1 ) n 2 2 2
- 46 -
tam 1 nig 2 eKTaj)an

log ( n 2 ) n 1 log ( n 1) n 2 log ( n 2 ) n 1 log ( n 2 ) n 3
log ( n 1) n 2 log ( n 2 ) n 3
un un 1
dUcenH u CasIVtcuHCaniccMeBaHRKb; n 1 .
n
n 1 2 3 n
n 2)
eKman u log n 2 ln(
n ( n 1)
ln( n 1)
eK)an S ln u ln u
n
n
k 1
k
n
k 1
k
eday u lnlnnn 12
n
k
n
k 1
k 1
ln 3 ln 4 ln 5 ln( n 2)
. . .....
ln 2 ln 3 ln 4 ln( n 1)
ln( n 2)
log 2 ( n 2)
ln 2
dUcenH S n lnlog 2 n 2 .
- 47 -
lMhatTI14
eK[ (u ) mantY u ; u ; u ; ....; u CasIVtnBVn .
n n1 1 2 3 n
kMnt;eday a ; a ; a ; .....; a .
u1 u2 u3 un
dMeNaRsay
rkRbePTnsIVt v n n1
eKman v a cMeBaHRKb; n 1 ehIy a 0 nig a 1

n
un
un 1
eK)an vv aa a
n1
un
a efr un 1 un d
Edl d u u CaplsgrYmnsIVtnBVn u .
n 1 n n
dUcenH v CasIVtFrNImaRtmanpleFobrYm q a .
n n1
d
- 48 -
lMhatTI15
eK[ (u ) mantY u ; u ; u ; ....; u CasIVtFrNImaRt
n n1 1 2 3 n
ehIymantYTaMgGs;suTEtviCman .
kMnt;eday log u ; log u ; log u ; .....; log u .

a 1 a 2 a 3 a n
dMeNaRsay
rkRbePTnsIVt v n n1
eKman v log u cMeBaHRKb; n 1 ehIy a 0 nig a 1

n a n
eK)an v log u
n1 a n1
eFIVplsg v v log u log u

n1 n a n1 a n
u
vn 1 vn log a n 1
un
vn 1 vn log a q efr
Edl u
q n1
un
CapleFobrYmnsIVtFrNImaRt u n n1
dUcenH v n n1 CasIVtnBVnmanplsgrYm d log q . a
- 49 -
lMhatTI16
KNnaplKuN
23 1 33 1 43 1 n3 1
Pn 3 3 3 ..... 3
2 1 3 1 4 1 n 1
dMeNaRsay
KNnaplKuN P : n
eKman P 22 11 33 1 43 1 n3 1
3 3
..... 3
1 43 1 n 1
n 3 3
n k3 1
Pn 3
k2 k 1
k 3 1 ( k 1)( k 2 k 1)
eday
k 1 ( k 1)( k 2 k 1)
3
k 1 k k2 k 1
. . 2
k k 1 k k 1
k 1 n k n k k 1
2
eK)an Pn
n
k2
2
k k2 k 1 k2 k k 1

1 2 n2 n 1 2 n2 n 1
. . .
n n1 3 3 n( n 1)
2 n2 n 1
dUcenH Pn .
3 n( n 1)
.
- 50 -
lMhatTI17
KNnaplKuN
1 1 1 1
Pn 1 1 2 1 4 ..... 1 2 n
2 2 2 2
dMeNaRsay
KNnaplKuN P : n
eKman P 1
n
n
k 0
1
2k

2
a b2
2
tamrUbmn ab
ab
eK)an
1
1 2k 1

Pn
n
2
k 0 1
1 k
22
1 1 1 1
1 2 1 3 1 4 1
2 2 2 ... 2 2n1 1
2 1 2 n 1
1
1 1 1
1 2 1 3 1 2n
1 2
2 2 2 2
dUcenH P 2 1
n
1
2n1
.
2
- 51 -
lMhatTI18
KNnaplKuN
Pn 1 23 43 1 29 49 ..... (1 23 43 )
n n
dMeNaRsay
KNnaplKuN P : n
eKman P 1 2
n
n
k 1
3k
43
k

1 a3
tamsmPaB 1 a a 2

1 a
eK)an
1 23 n 1
Pn
n
k 1 1 23
n

n1
1 29 1 227 1 281 1 23
....
1 23 1 29 1 227
n
1 23
n1 n1
1 23 1 23

1 23 9
n1
1 23
dUcenH Pn
9
.
- 52 -
lMhatTI19
KNnaplKuN
Pn 1 22 24 1 24 28 ..... (1 22 22
n n1
)
dMeNaRsay
KNnaplKuN P : n
1 a2 a4
eyIgman 1 a a 2

1 a a2
2k 1 2k 2
yk a 2 enaH 1 2 2 1 2
2k 2k 2k 1
2k
2
k 1
1 2 22
eK)an P 1 2 2
n
n
k 1
2k 2k 1
1 22 k 1 22 k 2

n
k 1 1 22 22
k k 1

n1 n 2 n1 n 2
1 22 22 1 22 22

1 2 2
2 4
21
n 1 n 2
1 22 22
dUcenH Pn
21
.
- 53 -
lMhatTI20
KNnaplKuN
Pn 1 23 43 1 29 49 ..... (1 23 43 )
n n
dMeNaRsay
KNnaplKuN P : n
eKman P 1 2
n
n
k 1
3k
43
k

1 a3
tamsmPaB 1 a a 2

1 a
eK)an
1 23 n 1
Pn
n
k 1 1 23
n

n1
1 29 1 227 1 281 1 23
....
1 23 1 29 1 227
n
1 23
n1 n1
1 23 1 23

1 23 7
n1
23 1
dUcenH Pn
7
.
- 54 -
lMhatTI21
KNnaplKuN
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
Pn 2 3 4 ..... n
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
2 3 4 n
dMeNaRsay
KNnaplKuN P : n
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
man Pn 2
1
3
1
4 .....
1
n
n
1 k2
k
1
1 1 1 1 1
2 3 4 n k
1
1
eday k k 1 k
1
1 k k 1
k
k 1 n k 1 2
eK)an n
Pn
k2
.
k k2 k 1 n n 1
dUcenH Pn
2
n( n 1)
.
- 55 -
lMhatTI22
KNnaplKuN
1 1 1 1
Pn 1 2 1 2 1 2 .... 1 2
2 3 4 n
dMeNaRsay
KNnaplKuN P : n
eKman P 1 21 1 31 1 41 .... 1 n1
n 2 2 2 2
1
b n
Pn 1 2
k2 k
1 k2 1 k 1 k 1
eday 1 2
k k2

k
.
k
k 1 k 1
eK)an n
Pn
k2

n
k k2 k

1 2 n 1 2 3 n 1
. .... . .....
2 3 n 1 2 n
1 n1
.( n 1)
n n
n1
dUcenH Pn
n
.
- 56 -
lMhatTI23
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit u kMnt;eday
n n1
1 1
u
1
1
3
ni g TM n ak; T M n gkM e nI n u 1 u n 1
3
n1
n
n
n
n 1 2 3 n

n n n
dMeNaRsay
k>KNna u CaGnuKmn_n n
n
1 1
eKman u 3 1 n u n 1
n1 n
eKTaj uu 13 . n n 1
n1
n
n 1 uk 1 n 1 1 k 1
eK)an
k 1 u
.

k 3 k
k 1
n 1
u2 u3 un 1 2 3 n
. ... . . .....
u1 u2 un 1 3 1 2 n1
un n
n 1
u1 3
- 57 -
eKTaj u 3n .u eday u 13
n n 1 1 1
dUcenH u 3n .
n n
x> KNna S CaGnuKmn_n n

n
eKman S u 13 32 33 ... n3 1 3n
n
n
k 1
k 2 3 n1 n
ehIy 13 S 31 32 33 .... n3 1 3n
n 2 3 4 n n1
eK)an S 13 S 13 31 31 ... 31 3n
n n 2 3 n n1
1
1
2 1 3n n
Sn .
3 3 1 1 3n 1
3
2 1 1 n
Sn 1 n n 1
3 2 3 3
3 1
dUcenH Sn 1 n
4
n
3 2.3n 1
.
- 58 -
lMhatTI24
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit u kMnt;eday n n1
n( n 1)
u
1
1
2
nig TMnak;TMngkMenIn ( n 1)u nu
2
n n1 n1
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ..... .
n
n 1 2 3 n

n n n
dMeNaRsay
k>KNna u n
eKman (n 1)u nu n(2n 1)

n n1 n1
EckGgTaMgBIrnwg n(n 1) eK)an un nu 1 21 n n1

n1
eK)an uk ku 1 21
n
k 1
k k 1
n 1
k 1
k 1
1
u1 un 1 1 n 1
. 2
1 n 4 1 1
2
- 59 -
eday u 12 enaH 12 un 12 1 21
1
n
n 1
b 12 un 12 21 naM[ u 2n
n
n n n
dUcenH u 2n . n n
x> KNna S CaGnuKmn_n n

n
eKman S 12 22 23 .... n2 1 2n
n 2 3 n 1 n
ehIy 12 S 21 22 23 .... n2 1 2n
n 2 3 4 n n1
eK)an S 12 S 12 21 21 ... 21 2n
n n 2 3 n n1
1
1 1 1 n n
Sn . 2 n1
2 2 1 1 2
2
1 1 n
Sn 1 n n 1
2 2 2
dUcenH 2
1
Sn 2 n 1 n
2
n
.
- 60 -
lMhatTI25
f (1) 1

cMeBaHRKb; n 1 eKman f ( n) an bn cn d
3 2
f ( n 1) f ( n) n 2

k>KNnatmelxn a ; b ; c ; d EdlbMeBjlkxNxagelI.
x>Tajrktm S 1 2 3 .... n .
n
2 2 2 2
dMeNaRsay
k>KNnatmelxn a ; b ; c ; d
f (1) 1

eKman f ( n) an bn cn d
3 2
f ( n 1) f ( n) n 2

eday f (n) an bn cn d
3 2
enaH f (n 1) a(n 1) b(n 1) c(n 1) d

3 2
eK)an f (n 1) f (n) 3an (3a 2b)n a b c

2
eKTaj 3an (3a 2b)n a b c n

2 2
naM[ a 13 ; b 12 ; c 16
ehIy f (1) a b c d 1 enaH d 1
- 61 -
dUcenH a 13 ; b 12 ; c 16 ; d 1 .
x>Tajrktm S 1 2 3 .... n
n
2 2 2 2
tamsRmayxagelIeK)an
1 1 1
f ( n) n3 n 2 n 1
3 2 6
eday f (n 1) f (n) n 2
eK)an S k f (k 1) f (k )
n
n
k 1
2
n
k 1
f ( n 1) f (1)
eday 1 1
f ( n) n3 n 2 n 1
3 2
1
6
enaH 1 1 1
f (1) 1 1
3 2 6
ehIy 1 1 1
f ( n 1) ( n 1)3 ( n 1)2 ( n 1) 1
3 2 6
1 1 1
n3 n2 n 1
3 2 6
2n 3 3n 2 n n( n 1)( 2n 1)
1 1
6 6
n( n 1)( 2n 1)
dUcenH S n k 2 .
n
k 1 6
- 62 -
lMhatTI26
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) kMnt;eday n n 0
u 5 nig TMnak;TMngkMenIn u u 6
2
0 n1 n
5
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ... .
n
dMeNaRsay
KNna u CaGnuKmn_n n
n
eKman u 52 u 6 enaH 5u 2u 12 0
n1 n n1 n
smIkarsMKal; 5r 2r 12 0 naM[ r 4
tagsIVtCMnYy v u r u 4
n n n
eK)an v u 4 52 u 6 4 52 u 4 52 v
n1 n1 n n n
naM[ v CasIVtFrNImaRtmanpleFobrYm q 52 nig v 1

n 0
n
2
eK)an v n v0 q n
5
eday v n un 4
n
2
dUcenH un 4
5
.
- 63 -
lMhatTI27
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) kMnt;eday n n1
u 5 ; u 13 nig TMnak;TMngkMenIn u 5u 6u
1 2 n 2 n1 n
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
n
dMeNaRsay
KNna u CaGnuKmn_n n
n
eKman u 5u 6u smmUl u 5u 6u 0
n 2 n1 n n 2 n1 n
mansmIkarsMKal; r 5r 6 0 2
b (r 2)(r 3) 0 eKTaj r 2 r 3 1 2
TMnak;TMng u 5u 6u GacsresrCaBIrrebobKW
n 2 n1 n
un 2 2un 1 3( un 1 2un ) i
un 2 3un 1 2( un 1 3un ) ii
tagsIVtCMnYyBIr a nig b kMnt;eday
n n1 n n1
a u 2u a u 2u
b u 3u
n1
enaH
n
b u 3u
n1 n 2 n1
n n1 n n1 n 2 n1
- 64 -
edayeyagtamsmIkar i nig ii eKTaj)an

a 3a nig b 2b
n1 n n1 n
TMnak;TMngenHbBaak;fa a nig b suTEtCasIVtFrNImaRt

n n
EdlmanpleFobrYmerogKa q 3 nig q 2 ehIymantYTI1

1 2
erogKa a u 2u 3 nig b u 3u 2
1 2 1 1 2 1
a a .q 3.3 3 n 1 n1 n
eK)an n 1 1
bn b1 .q2 n 1 2.2n 1 2n
un 1 2un 3n 1
eKTaj
un 1 3un 2 2
n
eFIVplsg 1 nig 2 GgnwgGgeK)an u n 3n 2n

dUcenH u 2 3 .
n
n n
- 65 -
lMhatTI28
1 2 n 2 n1 9un
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
n
dMeNaRsay
KNna u CaGnuKmn_n n
n
TMnak;TMng u 6u 9u GacsresrCa
n 2 n1 n
un 2 3un 1 3( un 1 3un ) i
tagsIVtCMnYy v u 3u eK)an v u 3u
n n1 n n1 n 2 n1
tamTMnak;TMng i eK)an v 3v naM[ v CasIVtFrNImaRt

n1 n n
EdlmanpleFobrYm q 3 nigtY v u 3u 27 18 9 1 2 1
tamrUbmn v v q 9 3 3
n 1
n1 n 1 n1
eKTaj u 3u 3 ii
n1 n
n1
tagsIVt w u3 enaH w u3
n
n
n n1
n1
n1
- 66 -
eK)an w un 1 un
n 1 wn
3 n1
n
3
u 3u
wn 1 wn n 1 n 1 n iii
3
yk (ii ) CYskg iii eK)an w w 1 efr
n1 n
naM[ w CasIVtnBVnmanplsgrYm d 1 nig w u3 2

n 1
1
tamrUbmn w w n 1d 2 n 1 n 1
n 1
eday w u3 enaHeKTaj u 3 w 3 (n 1)
n
n
n n
n
n
n
dUcenH u 3 (n 1) .
n
n
- 67 -
lMhatTI29
n n1
u 1 ; u 2 nig TMnak;TMngkMenIn u 2u 4u
1 2 n 2 n1 n
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
n
dMeNaRsay
KNna u CaGnuKmn_n n
n
eKman u 2u 4u smmUl u 2u 4u 0
n 2 n1 n n 2 n1 n
mansmIkarsMKal; r 2r 4 0
2
' 1 4 3i 2
manbs r 1 i
1 3 ; r2 1 i 3
tagsIVt Z u
n n1 (1 i 3 )un n 1
eK)an Z u
n1 n 2 (1 i 3 )un 1
Z n 1 2un 1 4un (1 i 3 )un 1

Z n 1 (1 i 3 )un 1 4un
Z n 1 (1 i 3 ) [ un 1 (1 i 3 )un ]
- 68 -

eKTaj Zn1
Zn
1 i 3 2e 3
i
n 1 Z n
i
eK)an k 1 2 e 3
k 1
k 1 Z
k
( n 1 )
Z2 Z3 Zn i
. .... 2 .e 3
n 1
Z1 Z 2 Z n 1
( n 1 )
Zn i
2 .e 3
n 1
Z1

eday Z u (1 i 3 )u 1 i 3 2e
1 2 1
i
3
eKTaj Z 2 e 2 cos n3 i . sin n3

n
i
n 3 n
n
eday Z u (1 i 3 )u n 1
n n1 n
b Z (u u ) i 3 u
n n1 n n
eKTaj 3u 2 sin n3
n
n
dUcenH u 23 sin n3 .
n
- 69 -
lMhatTI30
n n 0
u 4 ; u 7 ; u 5 nig TMnak;TMngkMenIn
0 1 2
un 3 10un 2 31un 1 30un

Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
k>cUrkMnt;RKb;KUcMnYnBit r ; ; edIm,I[cMeBaHRKb; n 0
eK)an u u u r u u u
n 3 n 2 n1 n 2 n1 n

n
dMeNaRsay
k>kMnt;RKb;KUcMnYnBit r ; ;
eKman u u u r u u u *
n 3 n 2 n1 n 2 n1 n
tamTMnak;TMng * eKGacsresr
un 3 ( r )un 2 ( r ) un 1 r i
tambMrab; u 10u 31u 30u
n 3 n 2 n1 n
ii
edayeRbobeFob i nig ii eK)an
- 70 -

r 10 r 10 1

r 31 b r 31 2
r 30

30
3
r
yksmIkar 1 & 3 CMnYskg 2 eK)an
30
r ( r 10) 31
r
r 10r 31r 30 0
3 2
( r 2)( r 3)( r 5) 0
eKTajbs r { 2 ; 3 ; 5 } .
yk r { 2 ; 3 ; 5 } CMnYskgsmIkar 1 & 3 eK)an
{ 8 ; 7 ; 5 } nig { 15 ; 10 ; 6 } .
dUcenH (r ; ; ) { 2 ; 8 ;15; 3 ; 7 ;10; 5 ; 5 ; 6}
x>KNna u CaGnuKmn_n n
n
yk (r ; ; ) { 2 ; 8 ;15; 3 ; 7 ;10; 5 ; 5 ; 6}
CYskTMnak;TMng * eK)an
un 3 8un 2 15un 1 2( un 2 8un 1 15un ) (a )
un 3 7 un 2 10un 1 3( un 2 7 un 1 10un ) (b )
u 5u 6u 5( u 5u 6u )
n 3 n 2 n1 n 2 n1 n (c )
- 71 -
xn un 2 8un 1 15un

tagsIVtCMnYy yn un 2 7 un 1 10un
z u 5u 6u
n n 2 n1 n
eyagtamsmIkar a ; b & c eK)an

xn 1 2 xn
yn 1 3 yn
z 5z
n1 n
naM[ x ; y ; z suTEtCasIVtFrNImaRtEdlman
n n n
pleFobrYmerogKa q 2 ; q 3 ; q 5
x y z
x0 u2 8u1 15u0 5 56 60 9

nigtY y0 u2 7 u1 10u0 5 49 40 4
z u 5u 6u 5 35 24 6
0 2 1 0
x n x0 q x n 9 2 n

tamrUbmneK)an n y y 0 q y 4 3
n n

zn z0 qz 6 5n
x
un 2 8un 1 15un 9 2n

eKTaj un 2 7 un 1 10un 4 3
n
z u 5u 6u 6 5 n
n n 2 n1 n
bnab;BIedaHRsayeK)an u n 3 . 2n 2 .3n 5n .
- 72 -
lMhatTI31
u u 1 ; u 2 nig TMnak;TMngkMenIn
0 1 2
un 3 6un 2 12un 1 8un

Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
cUrKNna u CaGnuKmn_n n .
n
dMeNaRsay
KNna u CaGnuKmn_n n
n
TMnak;TMng u 6u 12u
n 3 n 2 n1 8un Gacsresr
un 3 4un 2 4un 1 2( un 2 4un 1 4un ) i
tag v u 4u 4u
n n 2 n1 n
eK)an v u 4u 4u
n1 n 3 n 2 n1
tam (i ) eKTaj v 2v naM[ (v ) CasIVtFrNImaRtman

n1 n n
pleFobrYm q 2 nig tY v u 4u 4u 2 0 2 1 0
tamrUbmn v v q 2
n 0
n n1
eKTaj u 4u 4u 2
n 2 n1 n
n1
- 73 -
b (u 2u ) 2(u 2u ) 2
n 2 n1 n1 n
n1
b u 2 2u u 2 2u 1 ii
n 2
n1
n1 n1
n
n
tag w u 2 2u enaH w u 2 2u
n
n1
n
n
n1
n 2
n1
n1
tam ii eKTaj w w 1 efr enaH w CasIVtnBVn

n1 n n
manplsgrYm d 1 nigtY w u 2 2u 1 2 1 0
1
0
0
eK)an w w nd n 1
n o
eKTaj u 2 2u n 1
n1
n
n
b u2 2u n 1
n1
n
n
n 1
eK)an u2 2u k 1
n 1
k 0
k 1
k
k
k 1
n 1
k 0
un ( n 2)( n 1)
2 u 1
2n 1
0
2
un n 2 3n
n 1
2
2 2
dUcenH u n ( n 2 3 n 4 ) .2 n 2 .
- 74 -
lMhatTI32
3u 8
n
u 5
1
n
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
k> edaHRsaysmIkar r 3rr58
edaytag r nig r Cabs ehIy r r .
1 2 1 2
x> eKBinitsIVt v uu rr Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ..... .

n
n 1
n 2
bgajfa (v ) CasIVtFrNImaRtrYcKNna v CaGnuKmn_n n .

n n

n
dMeNaRsay
k>edaHRsaysmIkar r 3rr58
ebI r 5 enaHsmIkarGacsresr r 2r 8 0 2
b (r 1) 9 (r 2)(r 4) 0
2
eKTaj r 2 ; r 4 .
1 2
- 75 -
x> bgajfa (v ) CasIVtFrNImaRt

n
eKman v uu rr uu 24 ehIy v
n
n 1 n
n1
un 1 2
un 1 4
n 2 n
3un 8
eday u n1
un 5
eK)an
3un 8
2
u 5 u 2 1
vn 1 n n vn
3un 8
4 7 un 28 7
un 5
dUcenH (v ) CasIVtFrNImaRtmanpleFobrYm q 71 .
n
KNna v CaGnuKmn_n n
n
tamrUbmn v v q eday v uu 24 44 24 14
n 1
n 1
1
1
dUcenH v 14 71 .
n n 1
K> KNna u CaGnuKmn_n n

n
eKman v uu 24 naM[ u 41v v 2 eday v

n
n
n
n
n
1 1
n 1
4 7
n n
4 1 2 . 7 n 1
.
dUcenH un
4 . 7n 1 1
- 76 -
lMhatTI33
n n1
5u 8
n
2u 3
1
n
Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
k> edaHRsaysmIkar r 52rr 83 tag r Cabs 0
x> eKBinitsIVt v u 1 r Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ..... .

n
n 0
bgajfa (v ) CasIVtnBVnrYcKNna v CaGnuKmn_n n .

n n

n
dMeNaRsay
k>edaHRsaysmIkar
ebI r 32 enaHsmIkar r 52rr 83 Gacsresr
2r 8r 8 0 b 2 r 2 0
2 2
dUcenH r 2 CabsDb .
0
- 77 -
x>bgajfa (v ) CasIVtnBVn n
eKman v u 1 r u 1 2 ehIy v
n n1
1
un 1 2
n 0 n
5un 8
eday un 1
2un 3
2u 3
eK)an v n1
1
5un 8
n 2
1
2 vn
2 un 2 un 2
2un 3
eday v v 2 b v v 2 efr
n1 n n1 n
dUcenH (v ) CasIVtnBVn manplsgrYm d 2 .

n
KNna v CaGnuKmn_n n
n
tamrUbmn v v (n 1)d eday v u 1 2 1

n 1 1
1
dUcenH v 1 2(n 1) 2n 1 .
n
K>KNna u CaGnuKmn_n n
n
eday v u 1 2 eKTaj u 1 v2v 1 22n(2n1 1)

n n
n
n n
4n 1
dUcenH un
2n 1
.
- 78 -
lMhatTI34
u 2 nig TMnak;TMngkMeNIn u u 4u 2
2
0 n1 n n
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
k> eKtag v lnu 2 cMeBaHRKb; n 0 .
n n

n n

n
K>KNna P u 3 CaGnuKmn_n n .
n
k 0
n
dMeNaRsay
k> bgajfa v CasIVtFrNImaRt nig KNna
n n
eKman v lnu 2 enaH v lnu 2

n n n1 n1
eday u u 4u 2
n1 n
2
n
eK)an v lnu 4u 4 lnu 2

n1 n
2
n n
2
vn 1 2 lnun 2 2vn
dUcenH v CasIVtFrNImaRtmanpleFobrYm q 2
n
nigtYdMbUg v ln 4 . tamrUbmn v v q 2 ln 4 .
0 n 0
n n
- 79 -
x> KNna u CaGnuKmn_n n

n
eKman v 2 ln 4 ln4 nig v lnu 2

n
n 2n
n n
eKTaj u 2 4 naM[ u 4 2
n
2n
n
2n
dUcenH u 4 2 .
n
2n
K>KNna P u 3 CaGnuKmn_n n
n
n
k 0
k
eKman u 3 4 2 3 4 1
k
2k 2k
tamsmPaB a 1 aa 11
2
k 1
42 1
edayCMnYs a 4 eK)an 2k
uk 3 2k
4 1
4 1 2k 1
eKTaj Pn
n
k 0 42 1
k

n1
4 2 1 44 1 48 1 42 1
2 4 ... 2 n
41 4 1 4 1 4 1

n1
42 1 1 2 n 1
4 1
41 3
dUcenH Pn
1
3
n1
42 1 .
- 80 -
lMhatTI35
u 2 nig TMnak;TMngkMeNIn u 4u 6u 3u
3 2
0 n1 n n n
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
k> eKtag v ln2u 1 cMeBaHRKb; n 0 .
n n

n n

n
dMeNaRsay
k> bgajfa v CasIVtFrNImaRt
n
eKman v ln2u 1 enaH v ln2u 1

n n n1 n1
eday u 4u 6u 3u
n1 n
3
n
2
n
eK)an v ln8u 12u 6u 1

n1 n
3
n
2
n
vn 1 ln2un 1
3
vn 1 3 ln2un 1
v n 1 3v n
- 81 -
TMnak;TMngenHbBaak;fa v CasIVtFrNImaRtmanpleFobrYm
n
esI q 3 nig tY v ln2u 1 ln 3 .

0 0
tamrUbmn v v q n 0
n
dUcenH v 3 ln 3 .
n
n
x> KNna u CaGnuKmn_n n

n
eKman v ln2u 1
n n
eday v 3 ln 3 ln3
n
n 3n
3n
eKTaj 2u 1 3 naM[ u 1 23
n
3n
n
n
1 33
dUcenH un
2
.
- 82 -
lMhatTI36
u 3
2
n
2u 2
0
n
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
n

n
n

n n

n
n
n
dMeNaRsay
k>Rsayfa u 1 CanicRKb; n 0
n
eKman u 2 1 Bit
0
u 3 7
2
u 1 Bit
0
2u 2 6
1
0
]bmafa vaBitcMeBaH n k KW u 1 Bit k
eyIgnwgRsayfa vaBitcMeBaH n k 1 KW u k 1 1
- 83 -
uk 3 ( uk 1)2
2
eKman uk 1 1
2uk 2
1
2uk 2
eday u 1 enaH u 1 0 naM[ u 1
k k 1 K 1
dUcenH u 1 CanicRKb; n 0
n
x>bgajfa v CasIVtFrNImaRt rYcKNna v CaGnuKmn_n n

n n
man v ln uu 13 cMeBaHRKb; n 0 .
n
n
u 1 u 3
2
eK)an vn 1 ln n 1 eday un 1 n
un 1 3 2un 2
un 2 3
1 2
enaH 2u 2
vn 1 ln 2n ln un 1
un 3 u 3
3 n
2un 2
un 1
vn 1 2 ln 2vn
un 3
n
tamrUbmn v v q eday v ln 15
n 0
n
0
dUcenH v 2 ln0,2 .
n
n
- 84 -
K> KNna u CaGnuKmn_n n

n
u 1 1 1
eKman v ln u 3 eday v
n
n
n 2n ln ln 2 n
5
n 5
un 1
eKTaj 1
2n
un 3 5
b 5 2n
un 5 2n
un 3
n
52 3
dUcenH u
n .
2n
5 1
KNnalImIt
2n
3
eyIg)an lim u lim 5
n n
n
52 1
n
3
1 2n
lim 5 1
n 1
1 2n
5
dUcenH lim un 1
n
eRBaH 1
lim 2 n 0
n
.
5
- 85 -
lMhatTI37
u 6u 2
3
n n
3( u u 1)
0 2
n n
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
n

n
n

n n

n
n
n
dMeNaRsay
k>Rsayfa u 1 n
eKman u 2 1 Bit
0
u 6u0 2 22
3
u1 0 2
3( u0 u0 1) 21
1 Bit
]bmafa vaBitcMeBaH n k KW u 1 Bit k
eyIgnwgRsayfa vaBitcMeBaH n k 1 KW u k 1 1
- 86 -
u 6uk 2
3
uk 1 3
eKman uk 1 1 k 2
3( uk uk 1)
1
3( uk uk 1)
2 0
naM[ u 1 Bit eRBaH u 1

k 1 k
dUcenH u 1 CanicRKb; n 0 .
n
x>bgajfa v CasIVtFrNImaRt rYcKNna v CaGnuKmn_n n

n n
man v ln uu 12 cMeBaHRKb; n 0
n
n
n
un 1 1 un 6un 2
3
eK)an vn 1 ln

eday
un 1
n un 1)
2
n1
u 2 3( u
un 3 6un 2
1 3
3( u un 1)
2
un 1
vn 1 ln 3n ln
u 6un 2 n
u 2
n 2 2
3( un un 1)
un 1
vn 1 3 ln 3 vn
un 2
n
tamrUbmn v v q eday v ln 14
n 0
n
0
1
dUcenH vn 3n ln
4
.
- 87 -
x> KNna u CaGnuKmn_n n rYcTajrk lim u

n
n
n
eKman v ln uu 12
n
n
n
1 1
eday v
n 3 n
ln

ln 3n
4 4
un 1
eK)anun 2 4
3n
1
naM[ 4 u 4
3n
n
3n
un 2
3n
2
dUcenH u 4 n 3n
ehIy lim u n 1 .
4 1 n
- 88 -
lMhatTI38
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) nig v kMnt;eday
n n 0 n n 0
u0 4 ; v0 1
13un 3vn
n1
u
5
12vn 2un
v
n 1
5
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
k> eKtag x u v nig y 2u 3v cMeBaHRKb; n 0
n n n n n n
bgajfa x nig y CasIVtFrNImaRt.

n n
KNna x nig y CaGnuKmn_n n .

n n
x> cUrKNna u nig v CaGnuKmn_n n .

n n
dMeNaRsay
k>bgajfa x nig y CasIVtFrNImaRt
n n
eKman x u v naM[ x u v
n n n n1 n1 n1
eday u 13u 5 3v nig v 12v 5 2u

n1
n n
n1
n n
- 89 -
13un 3vn 12vn 2un
eK)an x n1
5

5
xn 1 3( un vn ) 3 xn
dUcenH x CasIVtFrNImaRtmanpleFobrYm q 3
n
nigtY x u v 4 1 5 dUcenH x 5 3 .
0 0 0 n
n
ma:geTot y 2u 3v naM[ y 2u 3v
n n n n1 n1 n1
13un 3vn 12vn 2un

yn 1 2 3
5 5
26un 6vn 36vn 6un
yn 1
5
yn 1 4un 6vn 2 yn
dUcenH y CasIVtFrNImaRtmanpleFobrYm q 2
n
nigtY y 2u 3v 4 3 1 dUcenH y 2 .
0 0 0 n
n
x> KNna u nig v CaGnuKmn_n n

n n
tamsRmayxagelIeKTaj u2uv 3v 523

n
n n
n
n n
bnab;BIedaHRsayRbBnenHeKTTYl)an
5 3n 1 2n 2n 10 3n
un
5
; vn
5
.
- 90 -
lMhatTI39
n n 0 n n 0
u0 3 ; v0 1
8 2
un 1 un vn
3 3
1 7

n 1 3 n 3 vn
v u
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
k> cUrkMnt;RKb;KU r ; edIm,I[ u v r u
n1 n1 n vn
cMeBaHRKb; n 0 .
x> KNna u nig v CaGnuKmn_n n .
n n
dMeNaRsay
k> kMnt;RKb;KU r ;
eKman u v r u v *
n1 n1 n n
eday u 83 u 23 v nig v 13 u 73 v
n1 n n n1 n n
- 91 -
eK)ansmIkar
8 2 1 7
un vn un vn r un vn
3 3 3 3
8 1 2 7
un vn r un r vn
3 3 3 3
smIkarenHepgpat;RKb; n 0 luHRtaEt
8 1
r 1
3 3

2 7

r 2
3 3
yksmIkar 1 CYskg 2 eK)an
8 1
b 2 7 8
2 7 2
3 3 3 3
b 2 0 eKTaj 1 2
2
1 2
cMeBaH 1 enaH r 3
cMeBaH 2 enaH r 2
dUcenH r ; { 3 ; 1 ; 2 ; 2 }
- 92 -
x> KNna u nig v CaGnuKmn_n n

n n
edayyk r ; { 3 ; 1 ; 2 ; 2 } CYskg *
u v 3( u v ) i
eK)an u 2v 2(u 2v ) ii
n1 n1 n n
n1 n1 n n
xn un vn
tagsIVt
yn un 2vn
xn 1 3 xn
tam nig eK)an
i ii
yn 1 2 yn
TMnak;TMngenHbBaak;fa x nig y CasIVtFrNImaRt
n n
manpleFobrYmerogKa q 3 nig q 2 nigtYdMbUg

1 2
x u v 4 nig y u 2v 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
tamrUbmneK)an x 4 3 nig y 2
n
n
n
n
u v 4 3 n
eKTaj)anRbBn u 2v 2 n n
n
n n
8 3 2
n n
4 3 2 n n
u
n
3
nig v
3
. n
- 93 -
lMhatTI40
n n 0 n n 0
u0 4 ; v0 2
un 1 un 2vn
2 2
vn 1 2unvn vn
2
Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
k> cUrRsayfa u v CaniccMeBaHRKb; n 0 .
n n

un 1 r vn 1 un r vn
2

n n
dMeNaRsay
k> Rsayfa u v CaniccMeBaHRKb; n 0
n n
eyIgman u 4 v 2 Bit
0 0
]bmafavaBitcMeBaH n k KW u v Bit k k
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitcMeBaH n k 1
KW u v Bit
k 1 k 1
- 94 -
eKman u k 1 v k 1 uk 2v k

2uk vk vk
2 2
2
uk 1 vk 1 uk vk 0 eRBaH u v
2
k k
eKTaj u v Bit k 1 k 1
dUcenH u v CaniccMeBaHRKb; n 0 .
n n
x> kMnt;cMnYnBit r
eKman u r v u r v *
n1 n1 n n
2
eday u u 2v nig v 2u v v
n1 n
2
n
2
n1 n n n
2
eK)an u 2v r 2u v v u r v
n
2
n
2
n n n
2
n n
2
un 2r unvn ( 2 r )vn un 2runvn r 2vn

2 2 2 2
eKTaj 2 r r b r r 2 0 2 2
dUcenH r 1 b r 2 .
1 2
K> KNna u nig v CaGuKmn_n n

n n
yktm r 1 ; r 2 CMnYskg * eK)an

un 1 vn 1 un vn
2

un 1 2vn 1 un 2vn
2
ln( un 1 vn 1 ) 2 ln un vn i

ln( un 1 2vn 1 ) 2 ln un 2vn ii
- 95 -
tag x ln(u v ) nig v lnu 2v

n n n n n n
tam (i ) & ii eK)an x 2 x nig y 2 y n1 n n1 n
naM[ x nig y CasIVtFrNImaRtmanersugerogKa q

n n 1 2
nig q 2 nigtY x ln 2 nig y ln 8
2 0 0
eK)an x 2 ln 2 nig y 2 ln 8
n
n
n
n
eday x ln(u v ) nig v lnu 2v

n n n n n n
lnu v 2 ln 2 n
eKTaj lnu 2v 2 ln 8
n n
n
n n
un vn 22 n
naM[
un 2vn 82
n
n 1 n n n
22 82 82 22
un
3
nig vn
3
- 96 -
lMhatTI41
n n 0 n n 0
u 4 u u 6u v 6v 3 2 3
v 2
ni g
n1 n n n n
0 vn 1 3un 2vn 9unvn 2 7vn 3

Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ... .
k> cMeBaHRKb; n 0 cUrRsayfa u v 0 nig u n n n 2vn 0
un 1 r vn 1 un r vn
3

n n
dMeNaRsay
k> cMeBaHRKb; n 0 Rsayfa u v 0 n n
eKman u v 4 2 6 0 Bit
0 0
]bmafavaBitdl; n k KW u v 0 Bit k k
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl; n k 1 KW u v k 1 k 1 0 Bit
eKman u v u 3u v 3u v v
k 1 k 1 n
3
n
2
n n n
2
n
3
u v u v 0 Bit
3
k 1 k 1 k k
- 97 -
dUcenH u v 0 cMeBaHRKb; n 0 .
n n
cMeBaHRKb; n 0 Rsayfa u 2v 0 n n
eKman u 2v 4 4 8 0 Bit
0 0
]bmafavaBitdl; n k KW u 2v 0 Bit k k
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl; n k 1 KW u 2v 0 Bit k 1 k 1
eKman u 2v u 6u v 12u v 8v
k 1 k 1 n
3
n
2
n n n
2
n
3
u 2v u 2v 0 Bit
3
k 1 k 1 k k
dUcenH u 2v 0 cMeBaHRKb; n 0 .
n n
x> kMnt;cMnYnBit r edIm,I[)an

un 1 r vn 1 un r vn *
3
un 1 un 3 6unvn 2 6vn 3
eday eK)an
vn 1 3un 2vn 9unvn 2 7vn 3
un 1 r vn 1 un 3run vn ( 9r 6)un vn ( 7 r 6)vn i

3 2 2 3
ehIy u r v u 3ru v 3r u v r v
n n
3
n
3
n
2
n
2
n n
2 3
n
3
ii
edayeRbobeFobTMnak;TMng i nig ii eKTaj)an
3r 2 9r 6 r 2 3r 2 0
3 3
r 7r 6 r 7r 6 0
- 98 -
dUcenH r 1 ; r 2 .
1 2
K> KNna u nig v CaGuKmn_n n

n n
yktm r 1 ; r 2 CYskg * eK)an

1 2
un 1 vn 1 ( un vn )3
un 1 2vn 1 un 2vn
3
lnun 1 vn 1 3 lnun vn
lnun 1 2vn 1 3 lnun 2vn

tamTMnak;TMngenHbBaak;fa { ln( u v )} nig {ln(u 2v )} n n n n
suTEtCasIVtFrNImaRtEdlmanpleFobrYm q 3 dUcKa .
lnu v 3 lnu v 3 ln 6 n n
eK)an lnu 2v 3 lnu 2v ) 3 ln 8

n n
n
0 0
n
n n 0 0
un vn 63 n
eKTaj
un 2vn 83
n
u 2 6 8 nig v 8 6
n
3n 3n
n
3n 3n
.
- 99 -
lMhatTI42
2
u 2 nig u u 2n Edl n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ...

1 n 7
0 n1 n
2 2 2
eKtag v u (n 1) .
n n
2
k> bgajfa v CasIVtFrNImaRt .

n
x>KNna v nig u CaGnuKmn_n n .

n n
dMeNaRsay
n
eKman v u (n 1)
n n
2
eK)an v u (n 1) 1 u n 2n 2
n1 n1
2
n1
2
eday u 12 u n2 2n 32
n1 n
eK)an v 12 u n2 2n 32 n 2n 2
n1 n
2
vn 1 un n2 un ( n2 1) vn
1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2
dUcenH vn CasIVtFrNImaRtmanpleFobrYm
q
1
2
.
- 100 -
x>KNna v nig u CaGnuKmn_n n

n n
eday v CasIVtFrNImaRtmanpleFobrYm q 12 nigman

n
tYdMbUg v u 1 2 1 1
0 0
tamrUbmneK)an v v q n 0
n
dUcenH v 21 ehIy u v n 1 21 n 1
n n n n
2
n
2
lMhatTI43
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit u kMnt;cMeBaHRKb; n N eday
n
( 2n 1)( u 1)
u 1 nig u n1 . n
4u 6n 1
0
n
k>tag v 2uu n1 cMeBaH n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ... .

n
n
bgajfa v CasIVtFrNImaRt .
n

n n
dMeNaRsay
n
eKman v 2uu n1 enaH v u2u n11

n
n
n1
n1
n n1
- 101 -
( 2n 1)( un 1)
eday u n1
4un 6n 1
eK)an
2( 2n 1)( un 1)
1
4un 6n 1
vn 1
( 2n 1)( un 1)
n1
4un 6n 1
2( 2n 1)un 4n 2 4un 6n 1
vn 1
( 2n 1)un 2n 1 4( n 1)un ( n 1)(6n 1)
(4n 2)un 2n 1 1 ( 2n 1)( 2un 1)
vn 1 .
(6n 3)un 6n 3n 3 ( 2n 1)( un n)
2
1 2u 1 1
vn 1 . n vn
3 un n 3
dUcenH v CasIVtFrNImaRtmanpleFobrYmesI q 13 .
n
x> KNna v nig u CaGnuKmn_n n

n n
tamrUbmn v v q eday v 2uu 1 1

n 0
n
0
0
dUcenH v 31 .
n n
ehIyeday v 2uu n1 enaH u

n
n
n
nv n 1
2 vn
n
n 3n
dUcenH un
2 3n 1
.
- 102 -
lMhatTI44
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit u kMnt;eday n
u0 1 ; u1 2
3 1 n2

n 2 2 n 1 2 n 1
u u u ; n 0 ; 1 ; 2 ; ...
2
k>tag v u u n . bgajfa v CasIVtFrNImaRt .
n n 1 n n

n n
dMeNaRsay
n
eKman v u u n
n n 1 n
eK)an v u u n 1
n1 n 2 n1
eday u 32 u 12 u n 2 2
n 2 n1 n
enaH v 32 u 12 u n 2 2 u n 1
n1 n1 n n1
1 1 n
vn 1 un 1 un
2 2 2
1 1
vn 1 un 1 un n vn
2 2
dUcenH v CasIVtFrNImaRtmanpleFobrYm q 12 .
n
- 103 -
x> KNna v nig u CaGnuKmn_n n

n n
tamrUbmn v v q eday v u u
n 0
n
0 1 0 1
dUcenH v 21 .
n n
eday v u u n
n n 1 n
eKTaj u u 21 n
n1 n n
n 1
1 n 1
uk 1 uk k
k 0 2
k
k 0
1
1 n ( n 1)n
un u0 2
1 2
1
2
1 ( n 1)n
un 1 2 1 n
2 2
1 ( n 1)n
un n 1 3
2 2
1 ( n 2)( n 3)
un n 1
2 2
( n 2)( n 3)
dUcenH 1
un n 1
2 2
.
- 104 -
lMhatTI45
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit u kMnt;eday
n

0
u sin
11
u 3u 4u 3 ; n IN
n1 n n
3n
edayeRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTacUrRsayfa un sin
11
.
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa u sin 311
n
cMeBaH n 0 eK)an u sin 311 sin 11

0
0 Bit
]bmafasmPaBBitcMeBaH n k KW u sin 311 Bit
k
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl; n k 1 KW u sin 3 11 Bit

k 1
k 1
eKman u 3u 4u eday u sin 311

k
3
k 1 k k k
eK)an u 3 sin 311 4 sin 311 sin 3 11 Bit

k k k 1
3
k 1
dUcenH u sin 311 .

n
- 105 -
lMhatTI46
eK[ S sin1 a
n
1
a
.....
1
a
cMeBaH n IN .
sin sin n
2 2
edayeRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTaRsayfa S n cot
a
2n 1
cot a
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa S cot 2a cot a
n n1
cMeBaH n 0 eK)an
a 2 a
cos 2 cos
a
S0 cot cot a 2 cos a 2 cos a
2 a sin a sin a sin a
sin
2
1 cos a cos a
S0
sin a

1
sin a
Bit
]bmafavaBitdl; KW a
n k Sk cot k 1 cot a
2
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl; KW a
n k 1 Sk 1 cot k 2 cot a
2
eKman S S u
k 1 k k 1
- 106 -
eday S k cot
2
a
k 1
cot a nig u k 1
1
a
sin
2k 1
eK)an S k 1 cot
a
2k 1
cot a
1
a
sin k 1
2
a
cos k 1 1
2 cot a
a a
sin k 1 sin k 1
2 2
a
1 cos k 1
2 cot a
a
sin k 1
2
a
2 cos 2 k 2
2 cot a
a a
2 sin k 2 cos k 2
2 2
a
cot k 2 cot a
2
Bit
dUcenH a
Sn cot n 1 cot a
2
.
- 107 -
lMhatTI47
u0 5 1
eK[sIVt u kMnt;eday
n
un 1 un 2 2un
Edl n 0 , 1 , 2 , ..... .
2n 2n
5 1 5 1
un 1 .
2 2
dMeNaRsay
Rsayfa
2n 2n
5 1 5 1
un 1
2 2
- cMeBaH n 0
eK)an u 52 1 52 1 1
0 5 1 Bit .
]bmafavaBitdl; n k KW
2k 2k
5 1 5 1
uk 1 Bit
2 2
- 108 -
eyIgnwgRsayfavaBitdl; n k 1 KW
2k 1 2k 1
5 1 5 1
uk 1 1 Bit
2 2
eKman u k 1 uk 2uk uk 1 1
2 2
2k 2k
5 1 5 1
eday uk 1
2 2
eK)an
2
2k 2k
5 1 5 1
uk 1 1
2 2

2k 1 2k 1
5 1 5 1
uk 1 2 1
2 2
2k 1 2k 1
5 1 5 1
uk 1 1 Bit
2 2
2n 2n
5 1 5 1
dUcenH un 1 .
2 2
- 109 -
lMhatTI48
eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (a ) kMnt;eday
n
a0 2
an 1 4an 1 4an 1 ; n IN
cUrKNna a CaGnuKmn_n n .
n
dMeNaRsay
KNna a CaGnuKmn_n n
n
eKman a 4a 1 4a 1
n1 n n
KuNGgTaMgBIrnwg 4 eK)an
4an 1 4(4an 1) 4 4an 1
4an 1 1 4(4an 1) 4 4an 1 1
4an 1 1 2 4an 1 1
2
4an 1 1 2 4an 1 1
4an 1 1 1 2 4an 1 1 i
tag v 4a 1 1
n n
tam (i ) eK)an v 2v naM[ (v ) CasIVtFrNImaRtman

n1 n n
pleFobrYm q 2 nigtY v 4a 1 1 3 1 4
0 0
- 110 -
tamrUbmn v v q 2
n 0
n n 2
eKTaj 4a 1 1 2
n
n 2
4an 1 2n 2 1
4a n 1 4 n 2 2 n 3 1
4n 2 2n 3
an 4n 1 2n 1
4
dUcenH an 4 n 1 2 n 1 .
- 111 -
lMhatTI49
eKmanGnuKmn_ f ( x ) 5 x 9 x 15 x 3
3 2
k> Rsayfa f ( x ) CaGnuKmn_ekInCanicelIEdnkMnt;rbs;va .

x> eKBinitsIVt a nig b kMnt;eday a f1(1) nigcMeBaH
n n 0 3
1 an
RKb; n IN : a n1
f ( an )
1
nig b
n 2
1 an
.
an f
3
an
cUrrkTMnak;TMngrvag b nig b . n1 n
3n
K>edayeRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTacUrRsayfa b 23 . n
X> Tajrk a CaGnuKmn_n n .

n
dMeNaRsay
k> Rsayfa f ( x ) CaGnuKmn_ekInCanic
f ( x ) 5 x 9 x 15 x 3 manEdnkMnt; D IR
3 2
edrIev f ' ( x ) 15 x 18 x 15 0 x D
2
eRBaH a 15 0 nig ' 81 225 144 0

dUcenH f ( x ) CaGnuKmn_ekInCanicelIEdnkMnt;rbs;va .
- 112 -
x> rkTMnak;TMngrvag b nig b n1 n
eKman b 2 11 aa enaH b 2 11 aa
n
n
n1
n1
n n1
eday a n1
f ( an )
1
an f
3
an
Et f (a ) 5a 9a 15a 3
n n
3
n
2
n
ehIy f a1 a5 a9 15 3 3 2
n n
a
n n
1
b an
3
f 5 9an 15an 3an
2 3
an
5a 9an 15an 3
3 2
naM[ an 1 n
5 9an 15an 3an
2 3
8(1 an )3
eKman 1 an 1
5 9an 15an 3an
2 3
2(1 an )3
ehIy 1 an 1
5 9an 15an 3an
2 3
8(1 an )3
eKTaj bn 1
1 an 3 bn
3
dUcenH b n1 bn
3
.
- 113 -
3n
2
K>edayeRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTacUrRsayfa bn
3
cMeBaH n 0 eK)an b 2 11 aa 0
0
eday a 0 3
1

1

f (1) 3 5 9 15 3 2
1
1
1 30
eK)an b0 2 2 2 2 Bit
1 3 3
1
2
3k
2
]bmafavaBitcMeBaH n k KW bk
3
Bit
3k 1
2
eyIgnwgRsayfa vaBitcMeBaH n k 1 KW b k 1
3
eKman b b tamsRmaykgsMnY x
k 1 k
3
3k
Ettamkar]bma b 23 k
3
2 3k 2
3k 1
eK)an bk 1 Bit
3 3
3n
2
dUcenH bn
3
.
- 114 -
X> Tajrk a CaGnuKmn_n n

n
eKman b 2 11 aa
n
n
eK)an b a b 2 2a
n n n n
3n
naM[ a 22 bb eday b 23
n
n
n
n
3n
2
2
3 2 3 2
3n 3n
eK)an an
23 2
3n 3n 3n
2
2
3
23 2
3n 3n
dUcenH an .
23 2
3n 3n
- 115 -
dMNwgsika !
sUmGKuN!
lMhatGnuvtn_
1-cUrKNnaplbUk S u u u u ... u
n
n
k 1
k 1 2 3 n
Edl u CasIVtcMnYnBitkgkrNInImYyxageRkam
n n1
k> u n(n 11)(n 2)

n
2n 1
x> u n
n2 ( 2n 1)
6n 1
K> u n 1 .
n
( 3n 2)( 3n 1)
X> un
n
( 2n2 2n 1)( 2n 2 2n 1)
6n
g> un n
( 3 2n )( 3n 1 2n 1 )
2n
c> un n
( 2 1) 2n 1 1 ( 2n 1 1) 2n 1
n2 n 1
q> un
2n
2n
C> un 2n
Edl
x 1
1 x
- 116 -
2-cUrKNna P u u u u ... u
n
n
k 1
k 1 2 3 n
Edl u CasIVtcMnYnBitkgkrNInImYyxageRkam
n n1
n2 n 1
k> un 2
n n1
2n 1
x> un n
2 2
K> u 1 2
n
2n
X> u 1 10 100
n
3n 3n
g> u 1 tan a cot a

n
3n 3n
c> u 1 x x
n
2n 2n1
q> u cos 2x
n n
C> u 1 tan 2x
n
2
n
Q> u log 1 2
n 1 2 n

n1
j> u 4 cos 3x 1
n
2
n
- 117 -
3-cUrkMnt;tY u nsIVt u edaysal;TMnak;TMngkMeNIn

n n n1
kgkrNInImYyxageRkam
u 2
k> u 2u 2
1
n1 n
13
u
1 2
x>
u 1 u 3
n 1 2 n
u1 0
K>
un 1 ( 3 2 )un 3 2 1
n n n1
kgkrNInImYyxageRkam
u 1 ; u 2
k> u 2u 3u
1 2
n 2 n1 n
u1 1 ; u2 4
x>
un 2 6un 1 9un
u1 0 ; u2 1
K>
un 2 3 un 1 4un
u1 u2 1 ; u3 4
X>
un 3 9un 2 26un 1 24un
- 118 -

n n n1
kgkrNInImYyxageRkam
u1 7

k>
u
4un 5
n1 u 2
n
u1 2

x>
u
3( un 3)
n1 4un 9

6-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (U ) kMnt;eday
n
3 5 5 1
U 0 , U1
2 2
n IN : U U U
n1 n n 1
3 5 1 5
k> n IN * eKyk
Vn
2
Un
2
U n 1 .
cUrRsayfa (V ) CasIVtFrNImaRtrYcsresr V GnuKmn_ n .
n n
x> cUrRsayfa U U U U U U , n 1
n
2
n1
2
n n 2 n 1 n1
rYcTajbBaak;TMnak;TMng U U U 0 .n
2
n 1 n1
K> rkRbePTnsIVt (U ) rYcsresr U CaGnuKmn_n n .

n n
- 119 -
X> eKyk W n ln U n ehIyeKman

S n W 0 W1 ... W n & Pn U 0 .U 1 .U 2 ....U n .
KNna S rYcTajrk P CaGnuKmn_n n .
n n
7-eK[sIVtncMnYnkMupic ( Z ) kMnt;edayTMnak;TMng
n
Z 0 0 , Z1 1
nig n IN : Z 1 22 i Z 1 2i Z
n 2 n 1 n
k> tag n IN :U Z Z . n n1 n
cUrbgajfa U 1 2i U
n1 n
x> RsaybBaak;fa U cos n4 i . sin n4 .

n
K> tag S U .
n
k 0
n
cUrRsayfa Z S rYcTajrk Z CaGnuKmn_n n .

n1 n n
8-eKman (U ) CasIVtmYykMnt;eday n IN : U a a n n 1
n n
k> bgajfasIVt V 1 1 , n 2 CasIVtnBVn

U n U n 1 U n 1 U n 2
n
x> KNna S n Vk
n
k 2
kgkrNIEdl a 14 .
- 120 -
n1
9-eK[ Sn 1
2 3 4

32 34 36
......... 2n
3
cUrKNna S niglImItrbs;va .
n
10-eK[ (U ) CasIVtnBVnmantYU
n 1 , U 2 , U 3 , ........, U n
nigplsgrYm d 4k , k Z
cUrRsaybBaak;rUbmn
nd U Un
. Sin 1 Sin
SinU k SinU 1 SinU 2 ..... SinU n
n
2 2
k 1 d
sin
2
nd U1 U n
Sin . Cos
CosU k CosU1 CosU 2 ..... CosU n
n
2 2
k 1 d
sin
2
11-eK[sIVtFrNImaRt (U ), n IN * EdlmantYsuTEtviCman
n
nigersug q . eK]bmafa (V ), n IN * CasIVtkMnt;eday

n
Vn log a (U n ) , a 0 , a 1
k> cUrRsayfa (V ), n IN * CasIVtnBVn .
n
x> eKtag S V . cUrRsayfa S n2 . log U .U

n
n
k 1
k n a 1 n
K> tag P U . cUrbgajfa P a
n
k 1
n
n n
Sn
- 121 -
X> Tajfa P (U U ) .
n 1 n
n
12-eK[sIVtncMnYnBitkMnt;eday
U 0 0 , U 1 1

U n 2 2U n1 4U n , n IN
k>eKtag n IN : Z U (1 i 3 )U . n1 n1 n
bgajfa Z (1 i 3 ) Z .
n1 n
x> cUrbgajfa Z 2 (cos n3 i . sin n3 ) .

n
n
K> TajrktYtUeTA U CaGnuKmn_n n .

n
13-eKmansIVtncMnYnkMupic ( Z ) kMnt;eday n
Z0 2

3i 2 3i
n1
Z Z , n IN
2
n
2
k> eKtag n IN :U Z 1 . n n
cUrbgajfa U 32 i .U rYcTajrk U CaGnuKmn_n n

n1 n n
x> RsaybBaak;fa Z 2 cos n12 (cos n12 i . sin n12 ) .

n
- 122 -
14-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (U ) Edl n
U 1

U 1 U 2 U 3 .... U n n U n , n IN *
2
k> KNnatY U & U .2 3
x> KNna U CaGnuKmn_n n rYcTajrktm U .

n 2009
K> KNnalImIt lim U U U ..... U .

n
1 2 3 n

0u tan
11
15-eK[sIVt
3 u u
3
un 1 n n
; n IN
1 3un
2
3n
edayeRbIGnumanrYmKNitviTacUrRsayfa un tan
11
.
u0 5
16-eK[sIVt
un 1 un 2 2 ; n 0 , 1 , 2 , ...
2n 2n
5 1 2
un

.
2 5 1
- 123 -

Suite For Grade 11 Fundamental and Strengthen

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Suite For Grade 11 Fundamental and Strengthen

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k> cUrsresr u Carag n An 1 n Bn 1 Edl A nig B

k> cUrsresr u Carag (n A1) (n B1) Edl A nig B

k> cUrsresr u Carag An

Edl A nig B CaBIrcMnYnBitRtUvkMnt; .

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K>kMnt; n edIm,I[ S 100 . n

cMeBaHRKb; a 0 nig a 1 eKBinitsIVt (v ) mantY n n1

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edayeRbIplsg S 12 S cUrKNna S CaGnuKmn_n n .

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x> eKBinitsIVt v uu rr Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ..... .

bgajfa (v ) CasIVtFrNImaRtrYcKNna v CaGnuKmn_n n .

K> cUrKNna u CaGnuKmn_n n .

x> eKBinitsIVt v u 1 r Edl n 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; ..... .

bgajfa (v ) CasIVtnBVnrYcKNna v CaGnuKmn_n n .

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bgajfa v CasIVtFrNImaRt rYcKNna v CaGnuKmn_n n

x> cUrKNna u CaGnuKmn_n n .

bgajfa v CasIVtFrNImaRt rYcKNna v CaGnuKmn_n n

x> cUrKNna u CaGnuKmn_n n .

x> eKtag v ln uu 13 cMeBaHRKb; n 0 .

x> cUrKNna u CaGnuKmn_n n rYcTajrk lim u .

x> eKtag v ln uu 12 cMeBaHRKb; n 0 .

bgajfa v CasIVtFrNImaRt rYcKNna v CaGnuKmn_n n

x> cUrKNna u CaGnuKmn_n n rYcTajrk lim u .

38-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) nig v kMnt;eday

bgajfa x nig y CasIVtFrNImaRt.

KNna x nig y CaGnuKmn_n n .

x> cUrKNna u nig v CaGnuKmn_n n .

39-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) nig v kMnt;eday

40-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) nig v kMnt;eday

k> cUrRsayfa u v CaniccMeBaHRKb; n 0 .

x> bgajfaeKGackMnt;cMnYnBit r edIm,I[)an

K> cUrKNna u nig v CaGuKmn_n n .

41-eK[sIVtncMnYnBit (u ) nig v kMnt;eday n n 0 n n 0

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x> KNna v nig u CaGnuKmn_n n .

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x> KNna v nig u CaGnuKmn_n n .

eKman u (n 1)(2nn 12n 2)

x> KNnaplbUk S u u u u ... u

dUcenH lim S 1 eRBaH lim n

Edl A nig B CaBIrcMnYnBitRtUvkMnt; .

x> KNnaplbUk S u u u u ... u

eKman u n1 1 n 12n 2 sRmayxagelI