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    Parte 15 OJO Crane Rails Conections PDF

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    Paul Gomez

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1541 PART 15 DESIGN OF HANGER CONNECTIONS, BRACKET PLATES, AND CRANE-RAIL CONNECTIONS SCOPE seeeee 2 HANGER CONNECTIONS bee 15-2 BRACKET PLATES cence ee peter AES CRANE-RAIL CONNECTIONS |... 0.00000 600ceceeeeeeetteeee cece ee dS Bolted Splices ee errr ee reer rrreras 15-4 Welded Splices se Hook Bolt Fastenings . seeeeeee . se ee tenes eee ASS Rail Clip Fastenings .............0e0e0eee Seer be 15=5) Rail Clamp Fastenings ........... ee cere ASG Patented Rail Clip Fastenings 1ST DESIGN TABLES 15-7 Table 15-1. Preliminary Hanger Connection Selection Table fet: Table 15-2. Net Plastic Section Modulus, Zner oe vere lS-8 FORGED STEEL STRUCTURAL HARDWARE ........-...+ ASB Table 15-3, Dimensions and Weights of Clevises ...........+ ee Table 15-4. Clevis Numbers Compatible with Various Rods and Pins ......... 15-8 Table 15-5. Dimensions and Weights of Turnbuckies .. . . - eee ASB PART 15 REFERENCES 10.0.2... 00000 cceee cect eeeeceeeeeeee eee SD AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC. 18.2 DESIGN OF HANGER CONNECTIONS, BRACKET PLATES, AND, SCOPE The specification requirements and other design considerations summarized in this Part apply to the design of hanger connections, bracket plates, and crane-rail connections. For the design of similar connections for HSS and pipe, see the AISC Specification Chapter K. HANGER CONNECTIONS Hanger connectioas, illustrated in Figure 15-1, are usually made with a plate, tee, angle, or pair of angles. The available strength of a hanger connection is determined from the appli- cable limit states for the bolts (see Part 7), welds (see Part 8), and connecting elements (See Part 9). In all cases, the available strength, R, or Ry/, must exceed the required strength, R,, or Ry (a) Tee hanger (0) Pla hanger Figure 15-1. Typical hanger connections, AMERICAN INSTITUTE oF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, IN BRACKET PLATES 18-3 BRACKET PLATES A bracket plate, illustrated in Figure 15-2, acts as a cantilevered beam. The available strength of a bracket plate is determined from the applicable limit states for the bolts (see Part 7), welds (see Part 8), and connecting elements (sce Part 9). Additionally, special checks for flexural yielding, flexural rupture, and local buckling must considered, as follows. For flexural yielding, the available strength, @M,, or M,/Q, of the bracket plate is deter- mined with My= FZ 6090 Q=167 where 2 is the gross plastic section modulus of the bracket plate. Additionally, triangular shaped bracket plates should be checked for flexural yielding on the free edge (Salmon and Johnson, 1996). In lieu of a more detailed analysis, the Yoad on the bracket plate can be lim ited by the available strength, OP, or P,/Q, with Py =F, wht =0.90 Q= 1.67 where \ y fry rav-aa(t s(t 0.25 4) a) ka) la idth of bracket plate as shown in Figure 15-2, in a= depth of bracket plate as shown in Figure 15-2, in. 1 = thickness of bracket plate, in. @) bolted (0) welded Figure 15-2. Bracket-plate connections. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC. 154 DESIGN OF HANGER CONNECTIONS, BRACKET PLATES, AND... For flexural rupture, the available strength, @M, or M,/@, of the bracket plate is deter- ined with, Mn = Fu Znet = 0.75 Q= 00 where Zye is the net plastic section modulus of the bracket plate. Values of Zye, arc given in Table 15-2 for various bolt hole diameters and numbers of fasteners at 3-in. spacing. Local buckling can be prevented in bracket plates if the following width-thickness r: are satisfied, provided the centroid of the applied load is approximately 0.66 from the line of support (line K in Figure 15~2a) and lateral movement of the outstanding portion of the bracket plate is prevented (Salmon and Johnson, 1996) CRANE-RAIL CONNECTIONS Bolted Splices Itis desirable to use properly installed and maintained bolted splice bars in crane-rail con- nections rather than welded splice bars, which are frequently subject to failure in service. Standard rail drilling and joint-bar punching, as furnished by manufacturers of light stan- dard rails for track work, include round holes in rail ends and slotted holes in joint bars to receive standard oval-neck track bolts. Holes in rails are oversized and punching in joint bars is spaced to allow '/1s-in. to /s-in. clearance between rail ends (see manufacturers’ catalogs for spacing and dimensions of holes and slots). Although this construction is satisfactory for track and light crane service, its use in general crane service may lead to high maintenance and joint failure, Welded splices are therefore preferable. For best service in bolted splices, it is recommended that tight joints be required for all rails for crane service. This will require rail ends to be finished, and the special rail drilling and joint-bar punching tabulated below. Special rail drilling is accepted by some mills, or rails may be ordered blank for shop drilling. End finishing of standard rails can be done at the mill. However, light rails often must be end-finished in the shop or ground at the site prior to erection, In the crane rail range from 104 to 175 Ibs per yard, rails and joint bars are manufactured to obtain a tight fit and no further special end finishing, drilling, or punching is required. Because of cumulative tolerance variations in holes, bolt diameters, and rail ends, a slight gap may sometimes occur, It may sometimes be necessary to ream holes through joined ber and rail to permit entry of bolts AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL ConsTRUCTION, INC CRANE-RAIL CONNECTIONS 15-5 Joint bars for crane service are provided in various sections to match the rails. Joint bars for light and standard rails can be purchased blank for special shop punching to obtain tight joints. See manufacturer data for dimensions, material specifications, and the identification necessary to match the crane-rail section. Joint-bar bolts, as distinguished from oval-neck track bolts, have straight shanks to the head and are manufactured to ASTM A449 specifications. Nuts are manufactured to ASTM 3 grade B specifications. Alternatively, ASTM A325 bolts and compatible ASTM A563 ‘nuts can be used. Bolt assembly includes an alloy steel spring washer, furnished to American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association (AREMA) specifications. After installation, bolts should be retightened within 30 days and every three months thereafter. Welded Splices When welded splices are specified, consult the manufacturer for recommended rail-end preparation, welding procedure, and method of ordering. Although the joint continuity made possible by this method of splicing is desirable, the careful control required in all stages of the welding operation may be difficult to meet during crane-rail installation, Rails should not be attached to structural supports by welding. Rails with holes for joint bar bolts should not be used in making welded splices, Hook Bolt Fastenings Hook bolts (Figure 15~3) are used primarily with light rails when attached to beams that are too narrow for clamps. Rail adjustment to +2 in, is inherent in the threaded shank. Hook bolts are paired alternately 3 t0 4 in, apart, spaced at about 24 in, on center. The special rail drilling required must be done in the fabricator’s shop. Hook bolts are not recommended for use with heavy-duty cycle cranes (Crane Manufacturers Association of America (CMAA) Classes, D, E, and F). [t is generally recommended that hook bolts should not be used in run- way systems that are longer than $00 ft because the bolts do not allow for longitudinal movement of the rail. Rail Clip Fastenings Rail clips are forged or cast devices that are shaped to match specific rail profiles. They are usually bolted to the runway girder flange with one bolt or are sometimes welded. Rail clips have been used satisfactorily with all classes of cranes. However, one drawback is that when Figure 15-3. Hook bolts. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC. 18-6 DESIGN OF HANGER CONNECTIONS, BRACKET PLATES, AND. a single bolt is used, the clip can rotate in response to rail longitudinal movement. This clip rotation can cause cam action that might force the rail out of alignment. Because of this lim- itation, rail clips should only be used in crane systems subject to infrequent use, and for runways less than 500 ft in length. Rail Clamp Fastenings Rail clamps are a common method of attachment for heavy-duty cycle cranes, Rail clamps are detailed to provide two types: tight and floating (see Figure 1$~4). Each clam sists of two plates: an upper clamp plate and a lower filler plate, Dimensions shown are suggested. See manufacturers’ catalogs for recommended gages. bolt sizes, and detail dimensions not shown. The lower plate is flat and nominally matches the height of the toe of the sail flange. The upper plate covers the lower plate and extends over the top of the lower rail flange. In the tight clamp, the upper plate is detailed to fit tightly to the lower tail flange top, thus “clamping” it tightly in place when the fasteners ar¢ tightened. In the past, the tight clamp had been illustrated with the filler plates fitted tightly against the rail flange toe. This tight fit-up was rarely achieved in practice and is not considered to be necessary to achieve a tight type clamp. In the floating type clamp, the pieces are detailed to provide a clearance both alongside the rail flange toe and below the upper plate, The floating type does not, in reality, clamp the rail but merely holds the rail within the limits of the clamp clearances. High strength bolts are recommended for both clamp types. Both types should be spaced 88 apart. con- Reverse Reversible Clamp fies ‘es {te tes > o- 3 oO e+) 45 Off-center Off-center Tey, ] ‘purching. aA) ‘punching. LL a Raibase | es | | 2b 946) oat Tight clamp Figure 15-4. Rail clamps. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL, CONSTRUCTION, INC DESIGN TABLES 157 Patented Rail Clip Fastenings Each manufacturer's literature presents in detail the desirable aspects of the various designs, In general, patented rail clips are easy to install due to their range of adjustment and provide both limitation of lateral movement and allowance for longitudinal movement. Patented rail clips should be considered as a viable alternative to conventional hook bolts, clips, or clamps. Because of their desirable characteristics, patented rail clips can be used without restriction except as limited by the specific manufacturer's recommendations. installations using patented rail clips sometimes incorporate pads beneath the rail. When this is done, the lateral float of the rail should be limited as in the case of the tight rail clamps. DESIGN TABLES Table 15-1. Preliminary Hanger Connection Selection Table Values are given for the available tensile strength per in. of fitting length in flexural yield- ing of a tee fitting flange with F, = 36 ksi and F, = SO ksi. Table 15-1 can be used to select 4 trial fitting once the number and size of bolts required is known. ‘The number of bolts required must be selected such that the available tensile strength of one bolt, $F, or 7/2, exceeds the required tensile force per bolt, Fy OF Fy In this table, itis assumed that equal critical moments exist at the face of the tee stem and at the bolt line, From AISC Specification Section F9, the available flexural yielding strength of the tee flange, 0,M, or My/Q), is determined with My = My =FyZ = 0.90 Q4= 67 In the above equation, the plastic section modulus Z, per unit length of the tee flange is where ris the thickness of the angle or tee flange, in. Thus, for a unit length of the tee flange the available flexural strength, 6,M,, or M,/Q,, is determined with =090 Qy=167 and the tensile force on the fitting, 2ry OF 2ray, must be such that s “"167b where b is the distance from bolt centerline to face of the tee stem or center of angle leg, in. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC 15-8 DESIGN OF HANGER CONNECTIONS, BRACKET PLATES, AND, Table 15-2. Net Plastic Section Modulus, Zpet Values of the net plastic section modulus Z,.; are given in Table 15-2 for various hole diameters and numbers of fasteners spaced 3 in, on center, the usual spacing for these connections FORGED STEEL STRUCTURAL HARDWARE Table 15-3. Dimensions and Weights of Clevises Dimensions, weights, and available strengths of clevises are listed in Table Table 15-4. Clevis Numbers Compatible with Various Rods and Pins Compatibility of clevises with various rods and pins is given in Table 15-4. Table 15-5. Dimensions and Weights of Turnbuckles Dimensions, weights, and available strengths of turnbuckles are listed in Table 15-5, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC, PART 1S REFERENCES 1569 PART 15 REFERENCES Salmon, C.G. and JE. Johnson, 1996, Stee! Structures: Design and Behavior, 4% Edition, Harper Collins, New York, NY. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTION, INC 15-10 DESIGN OF HANGER CONNECTIONS, BRACKET PLATES, AND. limited by flexural yielding of the flange Table 15-1a Preliminary Hanger Connection Selection Table Available tensile strength, kips per linear in., = 4 =—|_t 7 t > ls Bin tin 7 Te Me Pe ‘ash taro [asp [ LRP [ASD | URFO | ASD | CAFO | ASD | CAPD She an 3.16 | 1.68 2.53 | 1.40 241 | 1.20 1.81 | 1,05 1.58, Ve 303 456 | 243 365 | 2.02 3.04) 1.73 2.60 | 1.52 2.28 tre | 413 | 620 390 | 496 | 275 | 413 | 296 | 354 | 206 | 310 ‘kh 5.39 810 | 4.31 648 | 3.59 5.40 | 3.08 4.63 | 2.69 | 4.05 he 682 | 10.3 5.46 8.20 | 4.55 6.83 | 3.90 586] 341 5.13 So 842 | 127 674 | 101 5.61 844 | 481 7.23 | 4.21 6.33 me 102 | 153 | ets | 123 | 670 | 102 | saz | 875 | 509 | 766 Me 12.1 18.2 9.70 | 14.6 8.08 | 122 6.93 | 104 6.06 | 911 he 142, 24 | 114 174 949 | 143 8.13 | 122 712 | 10.7, The 16.5, 248 13.2 198 | 11.0 16.5 943 | 142 825 | 124 he 18.9 285 (15.2 22.8 -| 126 19.0 | 10.8 16.3 947 | 14.2 1 ze | sea (i72 | 259 |144 | 216 | 123 | 185 |108 | 162 M6 243 36.6 19.5 29.3 | 16.2 244 | 139 209 | 122 18.3 Me a3 MO | 21.8 328 | 182 273 | 15.8 234 113.6 | 20.5 Phe 304 457 243 36.6 | 20.3 30.5 | 17.4 26.1 | 15.2 28 Me 337 506 26.9 40.5 | 225 338 | 19.2 289 | 168 25.3 2a 2 Be 3 he he 0.936] 141 | 0842] 127 | 0.766) 115 | 0.702] 1.05 | 0648) 0.974 fe 1.35 202 | 1.21 1.82 | 1.10 1.66 | 1.01 1.52 | 0.933] 1.40 he 1.83 276 | 1.65 2.48 | 1.50 226 | 1.38 2.07 | 1.27 | 1.91 Ma 2.40 360 | 216 3.24 | 1.96 2.95 | 1.80 270 | 1.66 | 249 the | 303 | ase | 273 | 410 | 248 | 373 | 227 | 342 | 210 | 315 Se 374 5.63 | 3.37 5.06 | 3.06 4.60 | 281 422 | 259 ) 3.89 “he 453 681 | 4.08 6.13) 371 557 | 3.40 510} 314) 4.71 Me 5.39 810) 4.85 729 | 441 6.63 | 4.04 6.08 | 373 | 5.61 he 6.32 951 5.69 8.56 | 5.17 778 | 474 7.13 | 438 | 658 he 7.34 | 11.0 6.60 9.92 | 6.00 902 | 5.50 827 | 508 | 7.63 She B42 | 127 758 | 114 689 | 104 6.32 949 | 583 | 876 1 ass | 144 | aez | 130 | 7a4 | 118 | 719 / 108 | 66s | 997 te |108 | 163 | 979 146 | gas | 133 | arr | 122 | 749 | 143 1a 124 18.2 | 10.9 16.4 9.92 | 14.9 909 13.7 839 | 126 Phe 13.5, 203 | 122 183°) 141 166 10.1 15.2 9.35 | 141 a7) 15.0 225 | 13.5 263 | 12.2 184 11.2 16.9 | 104 | 15.6 AMERICAN INSTTTUTE oF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC: DESIGN TABLES 15-11 F, = 50 ksi Table 15-1b Preliminary Hanger Connection Selection Table Available tensile strength, kips per linear in., limited by flexural yielding of the flange Din, tin, i Te 1h Th 2 ‘s0_| tar | ASB | LAD | ASD_| nro | aso | CRFO | ASD | LAFD sre | 292] 439 | 234] ase] 195] 299 | 167 | 251 | 146 | 220 42 | 633 | 337 | 506 | 21 | 422| 261] 362 | 211 | 316 573| aor} 458| 689) 382| s74| 327 | 492 | 287 | 431 749 | 11.3 | 599| 900| 499 | 750| 428) 643 | 374 | 583 9a7 | 142 | 758| 14 | 632] 949) sar] a1} ara | 712 nz | 176 | 936] 141 | 780] 14.7 | 668 | 100 | 585 | a7 42 [213 | 13 | 170 943] 142 | 809 | 22 | 708 | 106 isa | 253 | 135 | 203 | 112 | 169 | 962 | 145 | a42 | 127 198 | 297 | 158 | 238 | 132 | 198 | 113 | 170 | 988 | 149 me |us | 13 | 276 | 153 | 230 | 131 | 197 [rs | a2 263 | 396 | 21 | 316 | 175 | 264 | 150 | 226 | 132 | 198 209 | 450 | 240 | 360 | 200 | 300 | 171 | 257 | 150 | acs sss | 508 | 270 | 4s | 225 | 339 | 193 | 290 | 169 | 254 ara | s70 | 303 | 456 | 253 | 380 | 217 | 325 | 189 | 205 422 | 63s | s38 | sos | 201 | 423 | 21 | 363 [ata | 17 468 | 703 | 374 | sea {312 | 469 | 257 | 402 | 234 | 352 2, Bh 2h 3 a va0] 195 117 | 176] 1.06) 160 | o975[ 146 [ os00] 1:35 187 | 281) 168] 253 | 153 | 220] 140) 211] 190 | 195 255 | 383 | 229| 345 | 208 313) 191) 287] 176 | 265 333] 500] 299| 450| 272| 409 | 250] 375 | 230 | 46 421] 633 | 370| 570| 34] sta ste! 475| 201 | 438 520] 7at| 468| 703| 425| 639 | a90| se6| 360 | sat 620 | 945 | ses | ast | 515] 773 472] 705| 435 | 654 74a \i13 | 674 | 101 | 612] 920, ser] aa | 51a | 779 378] 122 | 79 | 119 | 719] 108 | 659] 990 | eos | g14 wo2 | 153 | 917 | 138 | 936] 125 | 704 | 115 | 705 | 108 117 | 176 | 105 | 158 | 957] 144 | 877 | 132 | a0 | 122 133 | 200 | 120 | 180 | 108 | w4 | 998] 150 | 921 | 138 150 | 226 | 135 ] 203 | 123 | 185 | 113 | 9 | 104 | 156 Wm | 168 | 253 | 152 | 28 138 | 27 | 126 | 190 [117 | 175 1% | 188 | 282 | 169 | 254 \ 154 | 231 | 141 | 212 | 130 | 195 wm | 208 | 313 | 197 | 21 170 | 256 | 156 | 22a |t44 | 218 AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEE2, CONSTRUCTION, INC. 15.12 DESIGN OF HANGER CONNECTIONS, BRACKET PLATES, AND, Table 15-2 Net Plastic Section Modulus Z,,¢;, in. io ti 4 LL ‘Net plastic section modulus I taken along this line [50ns im | Bracket Nominal Bolt Diameter ‘One Plate By My Vertical Depth Bracket Pate Thicknes fn. ae = % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % 2 6 | 159] 2] 319] 398) 478] 225] a00| az5 3 o | az] 555| 740) 925] v1 | 525] 700] 275 4 12 | 63e{ 956] 128] 159] 191 | 900] 120 | 150 5 15 | or | 151 | 202] a2] a2] 43 | 190 | za 6 18 14.3 a5 28.7 35.9 43.0 203 27.0 33.8 7 a | 198 | 25 | 333] agi | seo] ave | a70 | asa 8 zw | ass | 253 | sto | oe | 765 | 360 | «0 | coo 9 a 324 48.6. 64.8 81.0 97.2 45.8 61.0 76.3 10 wm | 308 | sos | 797 | 906 | 120 | soa | 750 | o98 2 we | s7a | oer | 15 | aa | ze | eto | 108 | 135 1“ a | rer [ur | ts | 195 | oe Jano | tar | t0e 8 aa | v2 | asa | ave | ass | a06 fae | age | 200 8 se | 120 | am | 258 | aos | ger | se | 203 | aoe 2 wo | isa | 20 | aie | aoe | 470 | zs | 500 | ars 2 we 199 | 260 | 386 | as | sro | 22 | a50 | as 2 m2 | 20 | am | 459 | sre | seo | ace | ace | 500 2 7 | 09 | a4 | sa | evs | sce | 380 | so7 | cos 2 ae [are | 460 | 625 | rer | oar | ant | see | 735 % oo | a9 sas | 717, | ace | 1090 | sos | vs | ose 2 | 4s ei2 | ais | 1000 | 1200 | 576 | 768 | 980 3 wor [aor oot | ser | 11501980 | 50 | 67 | 1000 3 os | 516 775 aso m0 550 | ram | are | 220 Notes: a The area reduction per hole is assured ta be ch +i Bots space 3 i. vray with 1/ in. edge distance at op and bottom Interpolate fr intermeciate pate tickresses. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC. DESIGN TABLES 43 Table 15-2 (continued) Net Plastic Section Modulus Z,,¢;, in. Net plastic section modulus taken along this lino oan ee Nominal Got Uiameter din One | Plate Te 1 Vertical | pepth Bracket Plate Thickness tn. ] fown | in a De] | tm | me Let 2 6 | 450) 525 281] 352) azz] 492] 563 a 9 us| 123] 659| 26] 909) 115 | 132 4 wz | wo} ao] 3 | 141 | 19 | soz | 225 5 1% | zas| wa] ie | 2a | 28) a2 | 57 6 18 40.5 473. Bs 316 38.0 44.3 50.6 7 a ss | 613 | 347 ) 434 | 521 | oa | 694 8 wm | 20} eo] 40 | sos | 67s | 7a6 | s00 9 zw | os] 17 | sr2 | 75 | ase | 100 | 114 * wf aa | ast | 703 | aro | tos | 123 | ta 12 6 | see | 19 ror | tar | tse | a7 | 208 4 42 221 257 138 172 207 241 6 16 4B 288 336 180, 225, 270 315 360 8 se | 365 | 225 | 228 | 205 | a2 | 300 | 456 20 60 450 325 281 352 422, 492 563 2 6 545, 635 wo 425 510 596 681 2 mz | ote | 756 | 405 | 306 | 608 | 709 | avo % ze | ze | eer | 47s | soe | 71a | ane | 51 2 a4 | eee | 1030 | 551 | 639 | aa | 955 | 1100 0 20 | ioio | eo | 633 | zor | 9 [atta | 1270 2 a6 | ino | 1340 | 720 | 900 J 1080 | 1200 | 1440 ry waz | 1300 | 1520 | ets fo | 1220 | 1420 | 1600 % 108 1460 1700 on 1140, 1370 1590 1820 Noes ‘he aa edcton per sured We d+ Yn. Bas paced vray ith ede tance atop and bot. erat lor emedte pte oes. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF Stil. ConstaU HON, INC: 1-14 DESIGN OF HANGER CONNECTIONS, BRACKET PLATES, AND... Table 15-3 Dimensions and Weights of Clevises (Grip = plato thickness +

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