H Ni, 2011

The United Nations, in partnership with the Government and people of Viet Nam,
works to ensure that all Vietnamese people enjoy an increasingly healthy and pros-
perous life with greater human dignity and expanded choices. Collectively and
through its individual agencies, the United Nations cares and creates opportunities
for the poor and most vulnerable, and for youth, to whom the future belongs.
In accordance with the United Nations Charter and Millennium Declaration, the United
Nations advances the principles of equality and social justice, while providing impar-
tial advice, technical expertise, access to global knowledge and local experience to
meet Viet Nams development challenges.

Trn c s quan h i tc vi Chnh ph v nhn dn Vit Nam, Lin Hp Quc

(LHQ) hot ng nhm bo m rng tt c mi ngi dn Vit Nam u c hng
cuc sng ngy cng kho mnh v thnh vng hn, trong phm gi con ngi
ngy cng c cao v c hi ngy cng nhiu mi ngi la chn. Thng
qua n lc chung ca c h thng v ca tng t chc, LHQ quan tm v to ra c
hi cho ngi ngho, nhng ngi d b tn thng nht, v th h tr - ch nhn
ca tng lai.

Thc hin Hin chng LHQ v Tuyn b Thin nin k, LHQ thc y cc nguyn
tc v bnh ng v cng bng x hi, ng thi cung cp kin t vn v t, trnh
k thut, kh nng tip cn tri thc ton cu v kinh nghim a phng nhm
ng u vi nhng thch thc pht trin ca Vit Nam.
Foreword
In recent years, a variety of terms
relating to results-based manage-
ment, monitoring and evaluation
has emerged. While some terms
have become widely used, others
remain difficult to understand in a
consistent way, even as English
concepts. Also, some new tech-
nical terms, after being used for
a while, need revision for better
understanding.
In order to facilitate accurate
interpretation and common un-
derstanding of these terms in
Vietnamese, the UN Monitoring
and Evaluation Working Group
has translated into Vietnamese a
selection of key terms.
The main purpose of this
Glossary of Terms in Monitoring,
Evaluation and Results-Based
Management is to promote
a better understanding of the
meaning of these terms among
development professionals, and
assist in overcoming difficulties in
interpretation of language and its
meaning. This Glossary is intend-
ed as a reference document for
programmme/project managers,
monitoring and evaluation special-
ists, trainers and academic staff.
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Li ni u
Trong nhng nm gn y
xut hin ngy cng nhiu thut
ng lin quan n lnh vc qun
l da trn kt qu, theo di v
nh gi. Trong khi mt s thut
ng tr nn ph bin, mt
s thut ng khc li tng i
kh hiu mt cch thng nht,
ngay c vi khi nim ting Anh
nguyn bn. Mt s thut ng
mi mang tnh k thut, sau mt
qu trnh s dng, cn phi chnh
sa d hiu hn.
gp phn gii thch chnh xc
v to ra cch hiu thng nht
cc thut ng ny trong ting
Vit, Nhm Cng tc theo di v
nh gi ca LHQ dch sang
ting Vit mt tp hp cc thut
ng chnh.
Mc ch chnh ca vic ra i
Cc thut ng dng trong theo
di, nh gi v qun l da trn
kt qu ny l gip cc ng
nghip hiu r hn cc thut ng
v gp phn khc phc kh khn
trong vic gii thch ng, ngha.
N cng c coi l ti liu tham
kho cho cc nh qun l chng
trnh/ d n, chuyn gia theo di
v nh gi, ging vin v cn b
nghin cu.
1
 Due to the complexity of certain
technical terms, interpretation in
Vietnamese may not always reach
the highest possible accuracy.
As new terms are frequently
added to the development lexicon,
this Glossary should be consid-
ered a living work. We certainly
welcome any valuable comments
and inputs for its improvement in
the years to come
Pratibha Mehta
Resident Coordinator
United Nations Viet Nam
iu phi vin thng tr
Lin Hp Quc ti Vit Nam
2 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Do tnh cht phc tp ca cc
thut ng k thut nn vic gii
thch chng bng ting Vit c th
cha hon ton chnh xc.
Hn na, do cc thut ng mi
thng xuyn c b sung vo
vn t vng pht trin, cun thut
ng ny nn c coi l mt ti
liu sng. V vy, chng ti rt
mong nhn c nhng kin
ng gp v gi nng cao
cht lng ca ti liu ny trong
ln xut bn sau.
A
Accountability
Responsibility and answerability
for the use of resources, deci-
sions and/or the results of the
discharge of authority and official
duties, including duties delegated
to a subordinate unit or indi-
vidual. In regard to programme
managers, the responsibility to
provide evidence to stakehold-
ers that a programme is effective
and in conformity with planned
results, legal and fiscal require-
ments. In knowledge-based
organizations, accountability may
also be measured by the extent
to which managers use monitor-
ing and evaluation findings.
Achievement
An evidence-based, manifested
performance.
Activity
Actions taken or work performed
through which inputs such as
funds, technical assistance and
other types of resources are mobi-
lized to produce specific outputs.
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Trch nhim gii trnh
Chu trch nhim v gii trnh vic
s dng cc ngun lc, cc quyt
nh v (hoc) cc kt qu t vic
thc thi quyn lc v nhim v
chnh thc, k c nhng nhim
v c giao cho mt c nhn
hoc n v di quyn. i vi
cc cn b qun l chng trnh,
l trch nhim cung cp bng
chng cho cc bn lin quan
chng t chng trnh c hiu
qu, ph hp vi cc kt qu d
nh v vi cc yu cu v php
l v ti chnh. Trong cc t chc
da vo tri thc, trch nhim gii
trnh cng c th c o lng
bng mc theo cc nh
qun l s dng cc kt qu t
vic theo di v nh gi.
Thnh tu
Hiu qu hot ng c th hin
r rng, da trn bng chng.
Hot ng
Cc hnh ng hoc cng vic
c thc hin nh huy ng u
vo nh kinh ph, h tr k thut
v ngun lc khc, nhm mang
li cc u ra c th.
3
 Advocacy
The act of arguing on behalf of a
particular issue, idea or person
towards specific goals. Advocacy
is about strategic, planned, politi-
cal change.
Analysis
The process of systematically
applying statistical techniques
and logic to interpret, compare,
categorize and summarize
data collected in order to draw
conclusions.
Analytical method
A means to process, understand
and interpret data.
Analytical tool
Method used to process and inter-
pret information.
Applied research
Investigation undertaken in or-
der to acquire new knowledge.
Applied research is directed pri-
marily towards a specific practical
aim or objective.
Appraisal
An assessment, prior to
4 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Tuyn truyn vn ng
Hnh ng tranh lun v mt vn
, mt tng, hay mt c nhn
t c nhng mc ch c
th. Tuyn truyn vn ng l
nhm to ra nhng thay i v mt
chin lc, k hoch, chnh tr.
Phn tch
Qu trnh p dng mt cch c h
thng k thut thng k v l-gic
din gii, so snh, phn loi
v tm tt nhng d liu thu thp
c nhm rt ra cc kt lun.
Phng php phn tch
Cch thc x l, hiu v phin
gii d liu.
Cng c phn tch
Phng php c s dng
x l v gii thch thng tin.
Nghin cu ng dng
iu tra thu nhn kin thc
mi. Nghin cu ng dng ch
yu hng ti mt mc ch hay
mc tiu thit thc, c th.
Thm nh
Mt nh gi, trc khi cam kt
commitment of support, of the
relevance, value, feasibility and
potential acceptability of a pro-
gramme in accordance with
established criteria.
Appropriateness
The quality of being especially
suitable. It is used as one of
the key principles for evaluation
criteria.
Assumption
Hypothesis about conditions that
are necessary to ensure that: (1)
planned activities will produce
expected results; (2) the cause-
effect relationship between the dif-
ferent levels of programme results
will occur as expected.
Attribution
The ascription of a causal link
between observable changes and
a specific intervention. Attributable
results are within the span of
control and influence of an
organization/intervention.
Auditing
An independent, objective and
systematic assessment that veri-
fies compliance with established
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
h tr, v tnh thch hp, gi tr,
tnh kh thi v kh nng c
chp nhn ca mt chng trnh
theo cc tiu ch c xc lp.
Tnh ph hp
Tnh cht c bit ph hp. N
c dng nh l mt trong
nhng nguyn tc then cht cho
cc tiu ch nh gi.
Gi nh
Gi thuyt v cc iu kin cn
thit m bo rng (1) cc
hot ng ln k hoch s t
c cc kt qu d kin, v (2)
quan h nhn - qu gia cc cp
kt qu chng trnh khc
nhau s xy ra nh d kin.
Quy kt
S kt ni mi lin h nhn qu
gia mt thay i c th quan st
c v mt can thip c th.
Kt qu c th quy kt l kt qu
nm trong kh nng kim sot v
phm vi nh hng ca mt t
chc hay mt can thip.
Kim ton
Mt nh gi mang tnh c lp,
khch quan v h thng, qua
xc minh s tun th cc quy
tc, quy nh, chnh sch v th
5
 rules, regulations, policies and
procedures and validates the ac-
curacy of financial reports.
Authority
The power to decide, certify or
approve.
Baseline
Information gathered prior to a
development intervention about
the condition or performance of
subjects against which variations
are measured.
Baseline survey
An analysis describing the
situation prior to a development
intervention.
Benchmark
Reference point or stand-
ard against which progress or
achievements can be assessed.
Beneficiaries
Individuals, groups or entities
whose situation is supposed to
6 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
tc c xc lp v xc nh
tnh chnh xc ca cc bo co ti
chnh.
Thm quyn
Quyn ra quyt nh, xc nhn
hoc ph chun.
D liu c s
Thng tin thu thp v thc trng
hay hiu qu hot ng ca ch
th trc khi bt u mt can
thip h tr pht trin, da vo
o lng nhng thay i din
ra.
iu tra c s
Phn tch v hin trng trc khi
thc hin mt can thip h tr
pht trin.
i chun
im tham chiu hay chun mc,
da vo nh gi tin v
thnh tu t c.
i tng hng li
Cc c nhn, nhm ngi hay
cc thc th (nhm i tng)
improve (target group), and others
whose situation may improve,
as a result of a development
intervention.
Best practice
Planning, organizational, manage-
rial and/or operational practices
that have proven successful in
particular circumstances and
which can be applied to other
circumstances.
Bias
Irrational preference or prejudice
causing negative inclination or un-
favourable tendency. In statistics,
bias may result in overestimating
or underestimating certain data
characteristics. It may result from
incomplete information or invalid
data collection methods.
Budget fascicle
Document containing proposed
programmatic, financial and
resource information of a budget
section for the forthcoming bien-
nium and submitted for approval.
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
m tnh trng ca h d kin s
c ci thin v nhng ngi
khc m tnh hnh ca h c th
cng s c ci thin nh mt
can thip h tr pht trin.
Thc hnh tt nht
Thc hnh v lp k hoch,
t chc, qun l v (hoc) tc
nghip c chng minh l
thnh cng trong nhng hon
cnh nht nh v c th p dng
cho nhng hon cnh khc.
Sai s, nh kin
L s thin v hay thnh kin, gy
ra nh hng tiu cc hay chiu
hng bt li. Trong thng k,
sai s c th dn n vic c
lng qu cao hay c lng
qu thp nhng c trng/gi tr
nht nh ca d liu. N c th
xy ra do thng tin khng y
hay phng php thu thp d liu
khng ng.
Bn ngn sch
Ti liu cha ng thng tin v
chng trnh, ti chnh v ngun
lc ca mt khon ngn sch
cho hot ng ca hai nm ti v
c trnh ph duyt.
7
 C
Capacity
The knowledge, skills, organiza-
tion and resources needed to
perform a function.
Capacity development
A process that encompasses
the building of knowledge, skills,
organization and resources that
enable individuals, groups, organ-
izations and societies to enhance
their performance and to achieve
their development objectives over
time. Also referred to as capacity
building or capacity strengthening.
Case study
The examination of the charac-
teristics of a single case, such
as an individual, an event or a
programme.
Causal relationship
A logical cause-effect relationship
between final results and their
impact on target beneficiaries.
8 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Nng lc
Kin thc, k nng, cch t chc
v ngun lc cn thit thc
hin mt chc nng no .
Pht trin nng lc
Qu trnh bao gm nng cao
nng lc chuyn mn, k nng,
cch t chc v ngun lc, qua
khuyn khch cc c nhn,
nhm, t chc v on th nhm
tng cng hiu qu hot ng
v t c cc mc tiu pht
trin theo thi gian. Pht trin
nng lc cng c gi l xy
dng nng lc hay tng cng
nng lc.
Nghin cu tnh hung
L vic kho st cc c im
ca mt trng hp ring bit,
nh mt c nhn, mt s kin
hay mt chng trnh.
Mi quan h nhn - qu
Mi quan h nhn-qu mang tnh
l-gic gia kt qu cui cng v
tc ng ca chng n cc i
tng hng li.
Causality analysis
A type of analysis used in a
development intervention formula-
tion to identify the root causes of
development challenges, organiz-
ing main data, trends and findings
into relationships of cause and
effect.
Causality Framework
A tool used to cluster contribut-
ing causes and examine linkages
among them and their various
determinants. Sometimes referred
to as a problem tree.
Client satisfaction
The satisfaction of organizations
or individuals who are affected by
a development intervention, often
measured in terms of meeting
their needs or expectations.
Conclusion
A reasoned judgement based
on a synthesis of empirical find-
ings and/or factual statements
corresponding to a specific
circumstance.
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Phn tch nhn qu
L mt kiu phn tch c s
dng trong qu trnh xy dng
mt can thip h tr pht trin
xc nh nguyn nhn gc r ca
thch thc, sp xp cc d liu,
xu hng v pht hin chnh di
dng cc mi quan h nhn - qu.
Khung phn tch nhn qu
L mt cng c c s dng
phn nhm cc nguyn nhn v
xem xt mi lin h gia chng
v cc yu t c xc nh. i
khi cn c gi l cy phn tch
cc vn .
S hi lng ca khch hng
S hi lng ca cc t chc
hay c nhn chu tc ng ca
mt can thip h tr pht trin,
thng c o bng mc
tha mn nhu cu hoc k vng
ca h.
Kt lun
Nhn nh c l l da trn s
tng hp cc pht hin v (hoc)
cc bo co, da vo thc t lin
quan n mt tnh hung c th.
9
 Contribution
The ascription of a causal link
between observed (or expected
to be observed) changes and a
specific intervention by multiple
stakeholders.
Control group
A selected subgroup of beneficiar-
ies who are not part of the pro-
gramme (e.g. who do not receive
the same treatment, input or
training) but share characteristics
similar to the target group.
Cost-benefit analysis
A type of analysis that translates
benefits into monetary terms.
Cost-effectiveness analysis
A type of analysis that compares
the effectiveness of different
interventions by comparing their
costs and outcomes measured
in physical units (number of
children immunized or the number
of deaths averted, for example)
rather than in monetary units.
10 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
ng gp
S kt ni mi quan h nhn
qu gia nhng thay i quan
st c (hoc mong mun quan
st c) v mt can thip c th
c thc hin bi nhiu bn c
lin quan.
Nhm i chng
Mt nhm nhng ngi hng li
c chn la; nhm ny khng
tham gia chng trnh (v d,
khng c tip nhn cng mt
cch i x, u vo hoc o
to) nhng c nhng c im
ging nh nhm i tng.
Phn tch chi ph - li ch
Mt kiu phn tch quy i cc li
ch thnh gi tr tin t.
Phn tch chi ph hiu qu
Mt kiu phn tch so snh tnh
hiu qu ca cc can thip khc
nhau, thng qua so snh chi ph
v kt qu c o lng bng
cc n v thc th (v d, s tr
em c tim chng hay s t
vong trnh c) ch khng phi
tnh theo n v tin t.
Country programme evalu-
ation/ Country assisstance
evaluation
Evaluation of one or more de-
velopment agencys portfolio of
development interventions, and
the assistance strategy behind it,
in a specific country.
Coverage
The extent to which a programme
reaches its intended target popu-
lation, institution or geographic
area.
Criteria
The standards used to deter-
mine whether or not a proposal,
programme or project meets
expectations.
Data
Specific quantitative and qualita-
tive information or facts.
Data collection method
The mode of collection used when
gathering information and data on
a given indicator of achievement
or evaluation.
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
nh gi chng trnh quc
gia/ nh gi vin tr quc
gia
nh gi cc can thip h tr
pht trin ca mt hoc nhiu c
quan pht trin v chin lc h
tr ca h mt nc c th.
bao ph
Phm vi m mt chng trnh tip
cn c nhm dn c, c quan
hoc khu vc a l c la
chn l i tng.
Tiu ch
Cc chun mc c s dng
xc nh xem mt xut,
chng trnh, d n c p ng
c cc mong i hay khng.
D liu, s liu
Thng tin hay d kin c th c
tnh cht nh lng v nh tnh.
Phng php thu thp d liu
Cch thc c s dng thu
thp thng tin v d liu v mt
ch s o lng kt qu hoc
nh gi.
11
 Data source
The origin of the data or informa-
tion collected.
Database
An accumulation of information
that has been systematically
organized for easy access and
analysis.
Development effectiveness
The extent to which an institution
or intervention has brought about
targeted change in a country or
the life of an individual beneficiary.
Development intervention
An instrument for partner support
aimed to promote development.
Development objective
Intended impact of one or more
development interventions,
contributing to physical, financial,
institutional, social, environmen-
tal or other benefits to a society,
community or group of people.
12 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Ngun d liu, ngun s liu
Ngun gc ca d liu hoc
thng tin c thu thp.
C s d liu
Tp hp thng tin c sp xp
mt cch c h thng c th
truy cp v phn tch mt cch d
dng.
Hiu qu pht trin
Mc qua mt nh ch hoc
mt can thip mang li s thay
i c ch ch mt nc hoc
cho cuc sng ca mt c nhn
hng li.
Can thip h tr pht trin
Phng tin h tr i tc
nhm mc ch thc y s pht
trin.
Mc tiu pht trin
Tc ng d kin ca mt hay
nhiu can thip h tr pht trin,
ng gp vo nhng li ch v
vt cht, ti chnh, th ch, x
hi, mi trng hoc nhng li
ch khc i vi mt x hi, cng
ng hoc nhm dn c.
E
Effect
Intended or unintended change
due directly or indirectly to an
intervention.
Effectiveness
A measure of the extent to
which a programme achieves its
planned results (outputs, out-
comes and impact).
Efficiency
A measure of how economically
or optimally inputs (financial, hu-
man, time, technical and mate-
rial resources) are converted to
results.
Evaluability
The extent to which an activity or
a programme can be evaluated in
a reliable and credible fashion.
Evaluation
An assessment, as systematic
and impartial as possible, of an
activity, project, programme, strat-
egy, policy, topic, theme, sector,
operational area, and/or institu-
tional performance.
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Hiu qu
Thay i c ch hoc khng c
ch , c to ra mt cch trc
tip hoc gin tip bi mt can
thip h tr.
Tnh hiu qu
Thc o mc mt chng
trnh t c nhng kt qu d
kin (cc u ra, kt qu v tc
ng).
Hiu sut
Thc o cch thc cc u vo
(v mt ti chnh, con ngi, thi
gian, k thut v vt t) c s
dng mt cch ti u v tit kim
em li cc kt qu.
C kh nng nh gi
Mc theo mt hot ng
hay chng trnh c th c
nh gi mt cch ng tin cy v
xc thc.
nh gi
Nhn nh, mt cch c h thng
v v t, v mt hot ng, d
n, chng trnh, chin lc,
chnh sch, chuyn , ngnh,
lnh vc tc nghip v (hoc)
nng lc th ch.
13
 Evaluation scope
A framework that establishes the
focus of an evaluation in terms of
questions to address, issues to be
covered and defines what will and
will not be analyzed.
Evaluation standards
A set of criteria against which
the completeness and quality of
evaluation work can be assessed.
Evidence
The information presented to sup-
port a finding or conclusion.
Evidence-based
Evidence-based approach inte-
grates all available information for
data and research synthesis. The
utilization of this process leads to
an informed decision.
Execution
The management of a specific
programme which includes
accountability for the effective use
of resources.
14 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Phm vi nh gi
Khung xc nh trng tm ca
mt cuc nh gi v cc kha
cnh nh cc cu hi cn tr li,
cc vn cn quan tm cng
nh nhng iu cn hoc khng
cn phn tch.
Tiu chun nh gi
Tp hp cc tiu ch da vo
nhn xt gi v tnh hon
thin v cht lng ca cng
vic nh gi.
Bng chng, chng c
Thng tin h tr cho mt pht
hin hoc mt kt lun.
Da vo bng chng
Phng php tip cn da vo
bng chng lng ghp tt c cc
thng tin hin c tng hp d
liu v nghin cu. Vic s dng
quy trnh ny a n nhng
quyt nh trn c s c thng tin
y .
iu hnh
Vic qun l mt chng trnh c
th, trong c trch nhim gii
trnh v vic s dng hiu qu
cc ngun lc.
Ex-ante evaluation
A type of evaluation that is per-
formed before implementation of
a development intervention.
Ex-post evaluation
A type of summative evaluation of
a development intervention con-
ducted after its completion.
F
Feasibility
The coherence and quality of a
programme strategy that makes
successful implementation likely.
Feedback
The transmission of findings of
monitoring and evaluation activi-
ties organized and presented in
an appropriate form for dissemi-
nation to users in order to improve
programme management, deci-
sion-making and organizational
learning.
Finding
A factual statement on a pro-
gramme based on empirical
evidence gathered through re-
search, monitoring and evaluation
activities.
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
nh gi trc can thip
Loi hnh nh gi c tin hnh
trc khi trin khai thc hin mt
can thip h tr pht trin.
nh gi sau can thip
Loi hnh nh gi tng kt
mt can thip h tr pht trin,
thng c thc hin sau khi
kt thc can thip .
Tnh kh thi
S mch lc v cht lng ca
mt chin lc chng trnh lm
cho vic thc hin chng trnh
c kh nng thnh cng.
Phn hi, kin phn hi
S chuyn ti cc pht hin t
cng tc theo di v nh gi
c xp xp v trnh by di
hnh thc thch hp truyn
t n ngi s dng nhm ci
thin khu qun l chng trnh,
ra quyt nh v hc tp ca t
chc.
Pht hin
Nhn xt v mt chng trnh
da trn bng chng thc thu
thp c qua cc hot ng
nghin cu, theo di v nh gi.
15
 Focus group
A group selected to engage in
discussions designed for the pur-
pose of sharing insights, observa-
tions, perceptions and opinions,
or recommending actions on a
topic of concern.
Formative evaluation
Formative evaluation validates
or ensures that the goals of the
development intervention are
being achieved and to improve
the development intervention, if
necessary, by means of identifica-
tion and subsequent remediation
of problematic aspects.
Goal
The specific end result desired
and expected to occur as a con-
sequence, at least in part, of an
intervention or activity.
Impact
Positive and negative long-term
effects on identifiable population
16 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Nhm trng tm
Mt nhm ngi c chn la
tham gia cc cuc tho lun
nhm chia s nhng hiu bit,
quan st, quan nim v kin, hay
nhm xut nhng hnh ng
v mt ch quan tm no .
nh gi hnh thnh
Mt loi hnh nh gi khng
nh hay bo m rng cc mc
tiu ca mt can thip h tr pht
trin ang c thc hin v
ci tin cht lng ca can thip
, nu cn thit, bng cch xc
nh v iu chnh nhng bt cp.
Mc ch
Kt qu c th cui cng c
mong i v d kin s xy ra,
do h qu ca t nht l mt phn
ca mt hot ng hay mt can
thip h tr.
Tc ng
nh hng di hn mang tnh
tch cc hay tiu cc n nhng
groups produced by a develoment
intervention, directly or indirectly,
intended or unintended.
Impartiality
Removing bias and maximizing
objectivity.
Independent evaluation
An evaluation carried out by
entities and/or persons free of the
control of those responsible for
the design and implementation of
a development intervention.
Indicator
A quantitative or qualitative
variable that allows the
verification of changes produced
by a development intervention
relative to what was planned.
Indirect effect
The unplanned changes brought
about as a result of implementing
a programme or a project.
Inputs
The financial, human, material,
technological and information
resources used for development
interventions.
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
nhm dn c nht nh, c to
ra bi mt can thip h tr pht
trin, hoc gin tip hoc trc
tip, c ch hay khng ch .
Tnh v t
Vic loi b nh kin v tng ti
a tnh khch quan.
nh gi c lp
Mt cuc nh gi c thc
hin bi cc thc th v (hoc)
cc c nhn nm ngoi kh nng
kim sot ca nhng ngi chu
trch nhim thit k v thc hin
mt can thip h tr pht trin.
Ch s
Bin s nh tnh hoc nh lng
cho php kim chng nhng thay
i c to ra bi mt can thip
h tr pht trin so vi d kin
trc .
Hiu qu gin tip
S thay i khng d kin trc
do kt qu ca vic thc hin mt
chng trnh hoc d n.
u vo
Ngun lc v ti chnh, con
ngi, vt t, cng ngh v thng
tin c s dng thc hin
cc can thip h tr pht trin.
17
 Inspection
A special, on-the-spot investiga-
tion of an activity that seeks to
resolve a particular problem.
Institutional development
impact
The extent to which an interven-
tion improves or weakens the
ability of a country or region to
make more efficient, equitable
and sustainable use of its human,
financial and natural resources.
Joint Programme
A set of activities with a common
work plan and related budget,
involving two or more participat-
ing development agencies and
national or sub-national partners.
Joint Programming
A collective effort through which
development agencies and na-
tional partners work together to
prepare, implement, monitor and
evaluate specific development
interventions.
18 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Thanh tra
Cuc iu tra c bit, ti ch v
mt hot ng no tm cch
gii quyt mt vn c th.
Tc ng pht trin th ch
Mc m mt bin php can
thip ci thin hoc lm suy
yu kh nng ca mt quc gia
hay mt vng trong vic s dng
hiu qu, bnh ng v bn vng
hn cc ngun lc v con ngi,
ti chnh v ti nguyn thin nhin
ca quc gia hay vng .
Chng trnh chung
Tp hp cc hot ng vi mt
k hoch thc hin chung v
ngn sch tng ng, vi s
tham gia ca hai hay nhiu c
quan pht trin, cc i tc cp
quc gia hay cc i tc cp a
phng.
Lp chng trnh chung
N lc tp th qua cc t chc
pht trin v cc i tc quc gia
cng xy dng, thc hin, theo
di v nh gi cc can thip pht
trin c th.
L
Lessons learned
Generalizations based on evalu-
ation experiences with projects,
programmes or policies that
abstract from the specific circum-
stances to broader situations.
Logical framework (log frame)
Tool used to emphasize the caus-
al hierarchy of a programme and
improve design of interventions.
Logical frameworks highlight the
links and sequencing between dif-
ferent facets and/or activities in a
programme over time. In a log-
frame the information is organized
in a matrix table.
M
Management information
system
A system, usually consisting of
people, procedures, processes
and a database (often computer-
ized) that routinely gathers quan-
titative and qualitative information
on pre-determined indicators to
measure programme progress
and impact.
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Bi hc kinh nghim
Khi qut ho da trn kinh
nghim nh gi i vi cc d
n, chng trnh hoc chnh sch,
i t nhng hon cnh c th
c kt cho tnh hnh chung.
Khung l-gic
Cng c c s dng nhn
mnh h thng cp bc mang tnh
nhn qu ca mt chng trnh
v ci thin cht lng thit k
ca cc can thip h tr pht trin.
Khung l-gic nu bt cc mi lin
h v trnh t gia cc kha cnh
v (hoc) cc hot ng trong
chng trnh theo thi gian. Trong
mt khung l-gic, cng nhng
thng tin c xp xp trong
mt bng ma trn.
H thng thng tin qun l
H thng, thng bao gm con
ngi, cc quy trnh, cc th tc
v c s d liu (c vi tnh
ha), thng xuyn thu thp thng
tin nh tnh v nh lng v cc
ch s c xc nh o
lng tin v tc ng ca
chng trnh.
19
 Means of Verification (MOV)
The specific source(s) from which
the status of results indicators can
be ascertained.
Meta-evaluation
A type of evaluation that aggre-
gates findings from a series of
evaluations.
Methodology
A description of how something
will be done.
Monitoring
A continuous management func-
tion that aims primarily at provid-
ing programme managers and
key stakeholders with regular
feedback and early indications
of progress or lack thereof in the
achievement of intended results.
Objective
A generic term usually used to
express an outcome or goal rep-
resenting the desired result that a
programme seeks to achieve.
20 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Phng tin kim nh, ngun
thng tin kim chng
Cc ngun c th cho php
khng nh chc chn tnh trng
ca cc ch s o lng kt qu.
nh gi Meta, siu nh gi
Loi hnh nh gi tp hp cc
pht hin t mt lot cc cuc
nh gi khc nhau.
Phng php lun
Vic m t v cch thc thc hin
mt cng vic no .
Theo di
Mt chc nng qun l lin tc,
ch yu nhm cung cp cho cc
cn b qun l chng trnh v
cc i tc chnh nhng thng tin
phn hi thng xuyn v nhng
ch dn sm v vic thc hin
nhng kt qu d kin c tin
trin hay khng tin trin.
Mc tiu
Thut ng chung, thng c
dng m t mt kt qu hay
mc ch th hin kt qu mong
mun ca chng trnh.
Operations research
The application of disciplined in-
vestigation to problem-solving.
Outcome
Outcomes represent institutional
and behavioural changes in de-
velopment conditions that occur
between the completion of outputs
and the achievement of goals.
Outcome evaluation
An in-depth assessment of a re-
lated set of programmes, compo-
nents and strategies intended to
achieve a specific outcome.
Outcome monitoring
A process of collecting and ana-
lyzing data to measure the perfor-
mance of a programme, project,
partnership, policy reform process
and/or soft assistance towards
achievement of development out-
comes at country level.
Outlier
A subject or other unit of analysis
that has extreme values.
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Nghin cu tc nghip
Vic p dng phng php iu
tra c k lut cht ch gii
quyt cc vn .
Kt qu
Kt qu th hin nhng thay i
v th ch v hnh vi trong cc
iu kin pht trin, xy ra trong
khong thi gian t khi hon
thnh u ra cho n khi t
c mc ch.
nh gi kt qu
Cuc nh gi su mt lot cc
chng trnh, cu phn v chin
lc lin quan vi nhau, nhm
t c mt kt qu c th.
Theo di kt qu
Qu trnh thu thp v phn tch
d liu o lng hiu qu hot
ng ca mt chng trnh, d
n, mi quan h i tc, qu trnh
ci cch chnh sch v (hoc) s
h tr mm t c cc kt
qu pht trin cp quc gia.
Gi tr ngoi lai
i tng hoc n v phn tch
khc c gi tr c bit.
21
 Output
Outputs are changes in skills or
abilities, or the availability of new
products and services that result
from the completion of activities
within a development interven-
tion within the control of the
organization.
Participatory approach
A broad term for the involve-
ment of primary and other stake-
holders in an undertaking, e.g.
programme planning, design,
implementation, monitoring and
evaluation.
Participatory evaluation
Evaluation method in which
representatives of agencies and
stakeholders (including beneficiar-
ies) work together in designing,
carrying out and interpreting an
evaluation.
22 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
u ra
Thay i v k nng, nng lc,
hay s sn c cc sn phm v
dch v mi, t c sau khi kt
thc cc hot ng trong khun
kh mt can thip h tr pht
trin, nm trong phm vi kim
sot ca mt t chc.
Phng php tip cn c s
tham gia
Thut ng chung ch s tham
gia ca nhm i tng chnh c
lin quan v cc bn c lin quan
khc trong mt cng vic (v d
lp k hoch, thit k, thc hin,
theo di v nh gi chng
trnh).
nh gi c s tham gia
Phng php nh gi theo
i din ca cc t chc v cc
bn c lin quan (bao gm c
ngi hng li) lm vic cng
nhau trong qu trnh thit k, thc
hin v gii thch kt qu ca mt
cuc nh gi.
Partners
The individuals and/or organiza-
tions that collaborate to achieve
mutually agreed upon objectives.
Performance
The degree to which a develop-
ment intervention or a develop-
ment partner operates according
to specific criteria/standards/
guidelines or achieves results in
accordance with stated plans.
Performance assessment
External assessment or self-
assessment by programme units,
comprising monitoring, reviews,
end-of-year reporting, end-of-pro-
ject reporting, institutional assess-
ments and/or special studies.
Performance indicator
A performance indicator is a unit
of measurement that specifies
what is to be measured along a
scale or dimension but does not
indicate the direction or change.
Policy evaluation
Policy evaluation is a considered
process of examination, review
and analysis which enables
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
i tc
Cc c nhn v (hoc) cc t
chc cng hp tc t c
nhng mc tiu c thng
nht gia cc bn.
Hiu qu hot ng
Mc theo mt can thip
h tr pht trin hay mt i tc
pht trin hot ng theo cc tiu
ch, tiu chun, hng dn c th
hoc thc hin cc kt qu theo
k hoch ra.
nh gi hiu qu hot ng
Nhn xt bn ngoi hoc t
nhn xt ca cc n v tham gia
chng trnh, bao gm vic theo
di, kim im, bo co cui nm,
bo co cui k d n, nh gi
th ch v (hoc) cc nghin cu
chuyn bit.
Ch s hiu qu hot ng
n v o lng, xc nh r i
tng cn phi o lng theo
mt thang im hoc kch thc
nht nh, nhng khng ch nh
chiu hng hoc s thay i.
nh gi chnh sch
Qu trnh c tnh ton nhm kim
tra, r sot v phn tch, cho php
cc bn tham gia vo qu trnh
23
 participants in the policy pro-
cess, including stakeholders,
legislators, administrators, the
target population and others to:
(i) measure the degree to which
a policy has achieved its goals;
(ii) assess the results the policy
has had; (iii) identify any needed
changes to a policy.
Primary data
Information which derives from
new or original research and col-
lected at the source first-hand.
Process evaluation
A type of evaluation that exam-
ines the extent to which a pro-
gramme is operating as intended
by assessing ongoing programme
operations.
Programme
A time-bound intervention similar
to a project but which cuts across
sectors, themes or geographic
areas, uses a multi-disciplinary
approach, involves multiple insti-
tutions and may be supported by
several different funding sources.
24 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
chnh sch, bao gm cc bn
lin quan, cc nh lp php, cc
nh qun l, cc nhm dn c
i tng v cc i tng khc
nhm: (i) o lng mc t
c mc tiu ca chnh sch,
(ii) nh gi cc kt qu m chnh
sch thu c; (iii) xc nh
nhu cu iu chnh chnh sch.
D liu gc, d liu s cp
Thng tin c rt ra t mt
nghin cu mi hay nghin cu
gc v c thu thp t ngun
trc tip.
nh gi quy trnh
Loi hnh nh gi vi mc ch
kim tra mc hot ng ca
mt chng trnh nh d kin,
bng cch nh gi cc hot
ng ang c thc hin ca
chng trnh .
Chng trnh
Mt can thip c gii hn v thi
gian, tng t nh mt d n
nhng lin quan ti nhiu ngnh,
nhiu ch hoc nhiu khu vc
a l, s dng cch tip cn a
lnh vc, lin quan n nhiu nh
ch v c th c h tr bi
nhiu ngun kinh ph khc nhau.
Programme evaluation
Evaluation of a set of interven-
tions, marshalled to attain specific
global, regional, country, or sector
development objectives.
Programme approach
A process which allows govern-
ments, donors and other stake-
holders to articulate priorities for
development assistance through
a coherent framework within
which components are interlinked
and aimed towards achieving the
same goals.
Programme theory
An approach for planning and
evaluating development inter-
ventions, entailing systematic
and cumulative study of the links
between activities, outputs, out-
comes, impact and contexts of
interventions.
Project
A time-bound intervention that
consists of a set of planned,
interrelated activities aimed at
achieving defined outputs.
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
nh gi chng trnh
nh gi mt lot cc can thip
c sp xp theo th t, t
c cc mc tiu pht trin c
th phm vi ton cu, khu vc,
quc gia hoc ngnh.
Cch tip cn theo chng
trnh
Quy trnh cho php chnh ph,
cc nh ti tr v cc i tc khc
xc nh cc u tin tr gip pht
trin thng qua mt khung r rng
trong cc cu phn lin kt vi
nhau v nhm t c nhng
mc tiu ging nhau.
L thuyt chng trnh
Phng php tip cn lp k
hoch v nh gi cc can thip
h tr pht trin, i hi nghin
cu mt cch c h thng v tch
ly v mi lin h gia cc hot
ng, u ra, kt qu, tc ng v
bi cnh ca cc can thip.
D n
Mt can thip c gii hn v thi
gian bao gm mt lot cc hot
ng d kin, c lin quan vi
nhau nhm t c cc u ra
c xc nh.
25
 Project evaluation
Evaluation of an individual de-
velopment intervention designed
to achieve specific objectives
within specified resources and
implementation schedules, often
within the framework of a broader
programme.
Proxy measure or indicator
A variable used to stand in for one
that is difficult to measure directly.
Purpose
The publicly stated objectives of
a development programme or
project.
Q
Qualitative data
Data that is primarily descriptive
and interpretative, and may or
may not lend itself to quantification.
Quality assurance
Quality assurance encompasses
any activity that is concerned with
assessing and improving the merit
or the worth of a development
intervention or its compliance with
given standards.
26 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
nh gi d n
nh gi mt can thip h tr
pht trin ring l c thit k
t c nhng mc tiu c
th, vi ngun lc v k hoch
thc hin c th, thng thng
nm trong khun kh ca mt
chng trnh rng ln hn.
Ch s thay th, thc o thay
th
Bin s dng i din cho mt
i lng khc kh o lng trc
tip.
Mc ch
Mc tiu c nu ra cng khai
ca mt d n hoc chng trnh
pht trin.
D liu nh tnh
D liu ch yu mang tnh m t
v gii thch, v c th hay khng
c th nh lng.
m bo cht lng
Bt c hot ng no lin quan
n vic nh gi v ci thin
cht lng hoc gi tr ca mt
can thip h tr pht trin hoc
tnh tun th ca can thip vi
cc tiu chun ra.
Quantitative data
Data measured or measurable by,
or concerned with, quantity and
expressed in numerical form.
Recommendation
Proposal aimed at enhancing the
effectiveness, quality, or efficiency
of a development intervention,
redesigning the objectives and/or
reallocating resources.
Relevance
The degree to which the outputs,
outcomes or goals of a pro-
gramme remain valid and perti-
nent as originally planned or as
subsequently modified, owing to
changing circumstances within the
immediate context and external
environment of that programme.
Reliability
Consistency or dependability of
data and evaluation judgements,
with reference to the quality of
the instruments, procedures and
analyses used to collect and inter-
pret evaluation data.
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
S liu nh lng
D liu c o lng, c th
o lng hoc lin quan n s
lng v c th hin di hnh
thc s hc.
Khuyn ngh
xut nhm tng cng tnh
hiu qu, cht lng hoc hiu
sut ca mt can thip h tr pht
trin, nhm thit k li mc tiu v
(hoc) phn b li ngun lc.
Tnh thch hp
Mc theo cc u ra, kt
qu hoc mc ch ca chng
trnh vn cn gi tr v xc ng
nh d nh ban u hoc c
chnh sa sau do c nhng
thay i v bi cnh cn k hay
bn ngoi ca chng trnh .
Tnh tin cy
Tnh nht qun hay tin cy ca
cc d liu v nhn nh t hot
ng nh gi, so vi cht lng
ca cc cng c, quy trnh v
cch phn tch c s dng
thu thp v gii thch d liu nh
gi.
27
 Result
Results are changes in a state
or condition that derive from a
cause-and-effect relationship. A
result can be an output, outcome
or impact that is set in motion by a
development intervention.
Results chain
The causal sequence for a devel-
opment intervention that stipu-
lates the necessary sequence to
achieve desired results.
Results-based management
(RBM)
Results-based management is a
management strategy by which
all actors, contributing directly or
indirectly to achieving a set of re-
sults, ensure that their processes,
products and services contribute
to the desired results (outputs,
outcomes and higher level goals
or impact) and use information
and evidence on actual results
to inform decision making on the
design, resourcing and delivery
of programmes and activities as
well as for accountability and
reporting.
28 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Kt qu
Thay i v tnh trng hay iu
kin do mi quan h nhn - qu
to nn. Mt kt qu c th l mt
u ra, mt thnh tu hay mt tc
ng bt ngun t mt can thip
h tr pht trin.
Chui kt qu
Trnh t mang tnh nhn - qu
cho mt can thip h tr pht
trin, quy nh th t cc bc
cn thit t c cc kt qu
mong i.
Qun l da trn kt qu
Chin lc qun l qua tt c
cc ch th ng gp trc tip
hoc gin tip vo vic t c
mt tp hp cc kt qu, m bo
rng cc quy trnh, sn phm v
dch v ca h u gp phn t
c kt qu mong mun (cc
u ra, kt qu v mc ch cp
cao hn hay tc ng). Chin
lc ny cng s dng thng tin
v bng chng v kt qu thc
t lm c s ra quyt nh v
vic thit k, huy ng ngun lc
v thc hin cc chng trnh v
hot ng cng nh phc v mc
ch gii trnh v bo co.
Report
An essential element of an ac-
countablility process, whereby
those doing the accounting for
performance report on what has
been accomplished against what
was expected.
Results framework or matrix
The programme logic that ex-
plains how development results
are to be achieved, including re-
sult chain(s), causal relationships,
underlying assumptions and risks.
Review
An assessment of the perfor-
mance of an intervention, periodi-
cally or on an ad-hoc basis.
Risk
Internal or external uncertainty
surrounding future negative fac-
tors that may adversely affect
project success.
Risk analysis
An analysis or assessment of
negative factors that affect or are
likely to affect the achievement of
results.
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Bo co
Nhn t thit yu ca qu trnh
chu trch nhim gii trnh, trong
cc bn gii trnh v hiu qu
cng vic phi bo co v nhng
g t c so vi d kin.
Khung kt qu, ma trn kt
qu
L-gic ca chng trnh, gii thch
lm th no t c cc kt
qu pht trin, bao gm c chui
kt qu, cc quan h nhn - qu
cng nh cc gi nh v ri ro
cn bn.
Kim im
Mt s xem xt v hiu qu hot
ng ca mt bin php can
thip, theo nh k hoc t xut.
Ri ro
iu khng chc chn mang tnh
ni ti hay t bn ngoi xung
quanh cc yu t tiu cc trong
tng lai, c th gy nh hng
xu n thnh cng ca d n.
Phn tch ri ro
Phn tch hoc nh gi v cc
yu t tiu cc c nh hng n
hoc c kh nng nh hng n
vic thc hin cc kt qu.
29
 S
Sample
Selection of a part of a repre-
sentative whole in order to assess
parameters or characteristics.
Secondary data
Information which derives from
secondary sources, i.e. not
directly compiled by the analyst;
may include published or unpub-
lished work based on research
that relies on primary sources or
any material other than primary
sources.
Sector programme evaluation
Evaluation of a cluster of devel-
opment interventions in a sec-
tor within one country or across
countries, all of which contribute
to the achievement of a specific
development goal.
Situation analysis
A situation analysis defines and
interprets the state of the envi-
ronment of an organization. It
30 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Mu nghin cu
Vic la chn mt b phn ca
mt tng th mang tnh i din
nh gi v cc thng s
hoc c tnh ca tng th .
D liu th cp
Thng tin c rt ra t cc
ngun th cp, tc l khng
c tp hp mt cch trc tip
bi ngi phn tch. Thng tin
ny c th bao gm nhng ti
liu c xut bn hay khng
c xut bn da trn nghin
cu cc ngun d liu c s hay
bt k ti liu no khng phi l
ngun d liu c s.
nh gi chng trnh
ngnh
nh gi mt nhm cc can
thip h tr pht trin trong mt
ngnh ti mt hoc nhiu quc
gia m tt c cc can thip ny
u ng gp vo vic t c
mt mc tiu pht trin c th
no .
Phn tch hin trng
Phn tch xc nh v gii
thch tnh trng ca mt t chc.
N cung cp bi cnh v tri
provides the context and knowl-
edge for planning and describes
operating and managerial condi-
tions and general state of internal
and external affairs.
SMART
A concept used for formulation
of results-chain components
(Outcomes, Outputs, Indicators)
according to the following pa-
rameters: Specific, Measurable,
Attainable, Relevant and
Time-bound.
Stakeholders
People, groups or entities that
have a role and interest in the
aims and implementation of a
programme.
Summative evaluation
A type of evaluation that exam-
ines the worth of a development
intervention at the end of the pro-
gramme activities (summation).
The focus is on the outcome.
Survey
Systematic collection of informa-
tion from a defined population,
usually by means of interviews or
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
thc cho vic lp k hoch v
m t iu kin tc nghip, tnh
hnh qun l cng nh tnh trng
chung ca cc vn bn trong
v bn ngoi.
SMART
Khi nim c s dng xy
dng cc cu phn ca chui kt
qu (cc kt qu, u ra, ch s)
theo cc thng s sau: Specific
(C th), Measurable (o lng
c), Attainable (Thc hin
c), Relevant (Thch hp) v
Time-bound (C thi hn).
Bn c lin quan, nhm i
tng c lin quan
Cc c nhn, nhm hoc thc th
c vai tr v quan tm n mc
tiu v vic thc hin mt chng
trnh.
nh gi tng kt
Loi hnh nh gi gi tr ca mt
can thip h tr pht trin vo
thi im kt thc cc hot ng
ca chng trnh (tng kt).
N t trng tm vo kt qu t
c.
iu tra
Thu thp thng tin c h thng t
mt nhm dn c c xc
nh, thng l bng phng vn
31
 questionnaires administered to a
sample of units in the population,
e.g. adults, young persons.
Sustainability
The continuation of benefits from
a development intervention after
major development assistance
has been completed. The prob-
ability of continued long-term
benefits.
Synthesis
The process of identifying rela-
tionships between variables and
aggregating data with a view to
reducing complexity and drawing
conclusions.
Target
Specifies a particular value for an
indicator to be accomplished by a
specific date in the future.
Target group
The specific individuals or or-
ganizations for whose benefit
a development intervention is
undertaken.
32 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
hoc dng b cu hi c thit
k cho mt mu ca cc n v
trong nhm dn c, v d: ngi
ln, thanh thiu nin.
Tnh bn vng
Vic duy tr li ch t mt can
thip h tr pht trin sau khi
khon vin tr pht trin ch yu
dng. Kh nng duy tr cc li
ch di hn.
Tng hp
Qu trnh xc nh mi lin h
gia cc bin s v tng hp d
liu vi mc ch lm gim s
phc tp v a ra cc kt lun.
Ch tiu
Gi tr c th c xc nh cho
mt ch s cn c hon thnh
vo mt thi hn c th trong
tng lai.
Nhm i tng, nhm ch
Cc c nhn hoc cc t chc c
th, l i tng hng li t mt
can thip h tr pht trin.
Thematic evaluation
Evaluation of a selection of devel-
opment interventions, all of which
address a specific development
priority that cuts across countries,
regions and sectors.
Time-series analysis
Quasi-experimental designs that
rely on relatively long series of
repeated measurements of the
outcome/output variables taken
before, during and after interven-
tion in order to reach conclu-
sions about the results of the
intervention.
Transparency
Carefully describing and sharing
information, rationale, assump-
tions and procedures as the
basis for value judgments and
decisions.
Triangulation
The use of three or more
theories, sources or types of
information, or types of analysis
to verify and substantiate an
assessment.
GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
nh gi theo ch
nh gi mt tp hp c la chn
ca cc can thip h tr pht
trin, m tt c cc can thip ny
u nhm gii quyt mt u tin
pht trin c th ca quc gia,
khu vc hoc ngnh.
Phn tch chui thi gian
Thit k bn thc nghim da
vo hng lot cc bin s u
ra v thnh tu c o lng
lp i lp li trong mt thi gian
tng i di trc, trong v sau
mt hot ng can thip a
ra kt lun v tc ng ca can
thip .
S minh bch
M t cn thn v chia s cc
thng tin, l do, gi nh v quy
trnh lm c s cho cc nhn xt
v gi tr v cc quyt nh.
Kim tra cho
Vic s dng ba hay nhiu hn
cc l thuyt, ngun thng tin hay
loi thng tin, hoc kiu phn tch
kim chng v chng minh
cho mt nhn nh.
33
 V
Validation
The process of cross-checking
to ensure that the data obtained
from one monitoring and evalu-
ation method are confirmed by
the data obtained from a different
method.
Validity
The extent to which methodolo-
gies and instruments measure
what they are supposed to
measure.
Variable
In evaluation, a variable refers to
specific characteristics or attrib-
utes, such as behaviours, age or
test scores that are expected to
change or vary.
Work plan
Quarterly, annual or multi-year
schedules of expected out-
puts, tasks, timeframes and
responsibilities.
34 GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY
Xc nhn gi tr
Qu trnh kim tra cho m
bo rng d liu thu thp bng
mt phng php theo di v
nh gi c khng nh bi d
liu thu thp bng mt phng
php khc.
Tnh hiu lc, gi tr php l
Mc chnh xc m cc
phng php v cng c nghin
cu o lng ci m chng cn
o lng.
Bin s
Trong hot ng nh gi, bin
s l nhng c im hay thuc
tnh c th, nh hnh vi, tui hoc
im s th nghim, c th thay
i hoc bin i.
K hoch cng tc
Lch thc hin cc kt qu, nhim
v, khung thi gian v trch
nhim d kin theo qu, theo nm
hay nhiu nm.
Bibliography Ti liu tham kho

1. United Nations Development Group (UNDG), Results Based

Management Terminology, June 2003. Available online at http://
www.undg.org

2. United Nations Development Group (UNDG), Results-Based

Management Handbook, Draft 2011 (forthcoming).

3. United Nations Development Programme, Handbook on Planning,

Monitoring and Evaluating for Development Results, 2009. Available
online at http://www.undg.org

4. OECD/DAC, Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results-

Based Management, DAC Working Party on Aid Evaluation, 2002.
Available online at http://www.oecd.org

5. OECD/DAC, The Measurement of Scientific and Technological

Activities, Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and
Experimental Development, Frascati Manual 2002.

6. Sriven, Michael, Evaluation Thesaurus - Fourth Edition, Sage

Publications, 1991.

7. World Bank, Measuring Efficiency and Equity Terms. Online at

http://www.worldbank.org

GLOSSARY OF RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT TERMINOLOGY 35

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