Exercise 13.

11 Solutions

1. We know that a g 0.2v

Writing this as a differential equation, and integrating, we obtain
dv
g 0.2v
dt
dt 1

dv g 0.2v
dv
dt
g 0.2v

g 0.2v
dv
t

1 0.2
dv
0.2 g 0.2v

5 ln g 0.2v c, v
g
0.2
When t 0, v 0 and so c 5 ln g , and thus we obtain
t 5 ln g 0.2v 5 ln g
g
5 ln
g 0 .2 v
g
0.2t ln
g 0 .2v
g
e 0.2t
g 0 .2 v
ge 0.2t 0.2ve 0.2t g

0.2ve 0.2t g e 0.2t 1
v 5g 1 e 0.2t

When t = 4,

v 5 g 1 e 0.24
27
g
At terminal velocity, v
0 .2
Thus
1 g

2 0 .2

5 g 1 e 0.2t
e 0.2t 0.5
0.2t ln 0.5
ln 0.5
t
0 .2
3.47

2. If downwards is considered as positive, then

a g kv2
It is convenient to now express the acceleration as a function of displacement. Thus
 dv
v g kv 2
dx
dx v

dv g kv 2
v
dx dv
g kv 2

g kv dv
v
x 2

2k g kv
1 2kv
dv 2

1
2k

ln g kv 2 c
1
When t 0, x 0, v 0 and so c ln g , and thus we obtain
2k
1 g

x ln
2k g kv2

Missing proof of next part.
g 1 g
The terminal velocity is given by and so v
v . Substituting, we obtain
k 2 k
1 g
x ln
2k g kv2
1 4g
ln
2k 4 g g
1 4
ln
2k 3

3. If upwards is considered as positive, then

a g 0.001v 2
It is convenient to now express the acceleration as a function of displacement, rather than as a function
of time - we developed these expressions earlier in this chapter. Thus
dv
v g 0.001v 2
dx
dx v

dv g 0.001v 2
v
dx dv
g 0.001v 2

g 0.001v dv
v
x 2

2 0.001 g 0.001v
1 2 0.001 v
dv 2

500 ln g 0.001v 2 c
When t 0, x 0, v 20 and so c 500 ln g 0.4 , and thus we obtain
g 0.4
x 500 ln
g 0.1v 2

At the highest point in the flight, v = 0, so
 0.4
x 500 ln 1
g
19 .6
and thus the greatest height reached is approximately 19.6 metres.

4. If downwards is considered as positive, then

a g kv2
It is convenient to now express the acceleration as a function of displacement. Thus
dv
v g kv 2
dx
dx v

dv g kv 2
v
dx dv
g kv 2

g kv dv
v
x 2

2k g kv
1 2kv
dv 2

1
2k
ln g kv 2 c
1
When t 0, x 0, v 0 and so c ln g , and thus we obtain
2k
1 g

x ln
2k g kv 2

g kv 2
2kx ln
g

g kv 2
e 2 kx
g
ge 2 kx g kv 2

kv 2 g 1 e 2 kx
When x = 1000, k = 0.004 and g = 10 we obtain
v2
10
0.004

1 e 20.0041000
2500
v 50

6. We know that a g 0.1v

Writing this as a differential equation, and integrating, we obtain
 dv
g 0.1v
dt
dt 1

dv g 0.1v
dv
dt
g 0.1v

dv
t
g 0.1v

g 0.1v dv
1 0.1

0.1

10 ln g 0.1v c, v
g
0.1
When t 0, v 0 and so c 10 ln g , and thus we obtain
t 10 ln g 0.1v 10 ln g
g
10 ln
g 0.1v
g
0.1t ln
g 0.1v
g
e 0.1t
g 0.1v
ge 0.1t 0.1ve 0.1t g

0.1ve 0.1t g e 0.1t 1
v 10 g 1 e 0.1t

When t = 10,

v 10 g 1 e 0.110
63 .2

7. If upwards is considered as positive, then

a g 0.1v 2
It is convenient to now express the acceleration as a function of displacement. Thus
dv
v g 0.1v 2
dx
dx v

dv g 0.1v 2
v
dx dv
g 0.1v 2

g 0.1v dv
v
x 2

2 0.1 g 0.1v
1 2 0. 1 v
dv 2

5 ln g 0.1v 2 c
When t 0, x 0, v 20 and so c 5 ln g 10 , and thus we obtain
g 40
x 5 ln
2
g 0.1v
At the highest point in the flight, v = 0, so
 40
x 5 ln 1
g
8.13m
and thus the greatest height reached is approximately 8.13 metres.

Problem 7
dV cV
9.8 2
dt d
dt 1 d2
thus
dv
9.8
cV 9.8d 2 cV
2
d
d2
hence dt dV
9.8d 2 cV

and t

d 2 ln 9.8d 2 cV
k

c

ct
ln 9.8d 2 cV 2 k
d
9.8d 2 cV Qe ct d2
where Q e k
cV 9.8d 2 Qe ct d2

9.8d 2 Qe ct d
2

V
c c
When t 0, V 0 Q 9.8d 2
9.8d 2 9.8d 2 e ct d
2

Thus V
c c
Substituting d = 0.001 and t = 2, we obtain V = 3.1549 ms-1 as the required velocity.