GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING 2

INTRODUCTION

ENGR. BARTHOLOMEW ATOM BACON

Introduction
The foundation is the part of an
engineered system that transmits
to, and into, the underlying soil
or rock the loads supported by the
foundation and its self-weight
(Bowles, 1997).
A structure is no stronger than
its connections.
Introduction
Foundation Engineer must be
multidisciplinary and possess a
working knowledge in each of the
following areas (Coduto, 2001):
Structural Engineering
Geotechnical Engineering
Construction Engineering
Introduction
Classification of Foundations
1. Shallow Foundations
2. Deep Foundations
Shallow Foundations
Shallow
Foundations
Transmit the
structural loads
to the near-
surface soils
D/B < 1
Shallow Foundations
Geotechnical Structural
Design Design
Soil Bearing Designing for
Capacity Shear
Settlement Designing for
Flexure
Designing for
Bearing
Deep Foundations
Deep Foundations
Transmit some or
all of the loads
to deeper soils
Lp/B > 4
Deep Foundations
Design of Deep Foundations
Axial Load Capacity
Lateral Load Capacity
Basic Steps in Foundation
Design/Analysis
1. Estimate the size of the footing
and the factored net pressure
Estimate the thickness of the footing
Calculate for the net soil bearing
capacity of the soil
Determine the size of the footing
Calculate for the factored net soil
bearing capacity of the soil
Bearing Pressure
Bearing Pressure
Bearing capacity and settlement
analyses based on non-uniform
bearing pressure would be very
complex, for this reason it is
common practice to use linear
pressure distribution. The error
introduced by this simplification
is not significant. (Coduto, 2001 &
Bowles, 1997)
Bearing Pressure
Bearing Pressure
Nearly all bearing capacity
analyses are currently implemented
using allowable stress design (ASD)
methods
Basic Steps in Foundation
Design/Analysis
2. Check the shear
One-way Shear (Wide Beam Shear)
Two-way Shear (Punching Shear)
Basic Steps in Foundation
Design/Analysis
One-way Shear
One-way Shear
Concrete Cover
One-way Shear
US Customary units in pounds per
square inch (psi)

SI-metric stress in MPa

Two-way Shear
Two-way Shear
US Customary units in pounds per
square inch (psi)
Two-way Shear
SI-metric stress in MPa
Two-way Shear
Basic Steps in Foundation
Design/Analysis
3. Design the flexural reinforcement
Flexural Reinforcement
Flexural Reinforcement
Flexural Reinforcement
Flexural Reinforcement
Flexural Reinforcement
Basic Steps in Foundation
Design/Analysis
4. Check the development

Development Length
The minimum length of embedment of bars
that is necessary to permit them to be
stressed to their yield point plus some
extra distance to ensure member
toughness (McCormac & Brown, 2014).
Development Length
Development Length
Development Length
SI-metric stress in MPa
Development Length
Development Length
Development Length
Development Length
Basic Steps in Foundation
Design/Analysis
5. Design the connection between
wall/column to the footing
Basic Steps in Foundation
Design/Analysis
Basic Steps in Foundation
Design/Analysis
Basic Steps in Foundation
Design/Analysis
Basic Steps in Foundation
Design/Analysis
Detailing
Detailing
References:
Bowles, J.E. (1997). Foundation Analysis and
Design, International Edition. Singapore. McGraw-
Hill Book Co Singapore.
Coduto, D.P. (2001). Foundation Design Principles
and Practices. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:
Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Wight J. K, & MacGregor J. G. (2012). Reinforced
Concrete Mechanics & Design 6th Edition. Upper
Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
McCormac, J. C., & Brown, R. H. (2014). Design of
Reinforced Concrete 9th Edition. New Jersey: John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ACI 318-11