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Scheme
Scheme
Scheme
Scheme Mark
1a i Solution in which the concentration is accurately known
ii Volumetric flask is calibrated to higher accuracy than beaker
iii No. of mol , n = MV
= (2.0)(0.25)
= 0.50
No. of gram = (0.50)(40)
= 20 g
bi End point is the point at which the indicator change colour during acid-base
titration or neutralisation reaction
ii Yellow to orange
iii (21.00 + 19.95 + 20.05 ) /3 = 20.33cm3
iv 2KOH + H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2H2O
v 1
=
2
(20.33) 1
=
(1.25)(20) 2
= 0.61 moldm-3
2a Haber process
b Temperature: 450 -550 C Catalyst : iron pressure : 200 atm
c N2 + 3H2 2 NH3
d neutralisation
e Ammonium sulphate
f NH3 + HNO3 NH4NO3
No of mol of ammonia = 96 000 / 24 = 4000
No of mol of NH4NO3 = 4000 x 80
= 320 000 g
3a Isoprene of 2-methylbut-1,3-diene
b polymerisation
c
d vulcanisation
e Rubber strip is put into sulphur monochloride solution in methylbenzene
f Methanoic acid
g -Hydrogen ion from lactic acid produced by activity of bacteria in the air 3
neutralise the negative charge of protein membrane on rubber particles
-Rubber particles come closer and collide with each other
- rubber polymers are released and coagulate
5a K3 Fe(CN)6
b Detect Fe(II) ion
ci O2 + H2O + e- OH- 2H+ +2e H2
ii Fe Fe + 2e-
2+
6a Make sure all the oxygen gas in the combustion tube is removed/ make sure
continuous flow of hydrogen
b P, Q, Mg
ci Act as reducing agent / reduce P oxide
ii Copper
iii H2 + CuO Cu + H2O
iv No. of mol of metal P = 1.20 / 64
=0.019
No of mol of H2 = 0.019
Volume of H2 = 0.019 X 24
=0.46 dm3 ( 0.45- 0.48)
d Q oxide ( zinc oxide) is reduced to metal Q (zinc) by using carbon
Carbon is more reactive than Q (zinc)
7ai Catalyst is the substance that change the rate of reaction but itself remain
chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction
ii - catalyst lower the activation energy 3
- catalyst remain chemically unchanged in a chemical reaction
- catalyst is used in small quantity
- catalyst increase or decrease the rate of reaction
- catalyst is specific on certain reaction
ANY THREE
iii Temperature: 450-550 C 2
Pressure: 1 atm
b -Catalyst provide alternative pathway with lower activation energy 4
-More reactant particles can overcome the lowered activation energy
-The frequency of collision increase
-The frequency of effective collision also increase
c With the help of a diagram, explain an experiment to show the effect of 10
catalyst on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the laboratory.
Result:
Experiment Observation
hydrogen peroxide Glowing splinter does not rekindle
hydrogen peroxide + Glowing splinter is rekindled
manganese (IV) oxide
ci Nitrate ion. 4
1. 2cm3 Salt M ( Nitrate salt) solution is poured into a test tube.
2. few drops of dilute sulphuric acid followed by iron (II) sulphate
solution is added to the solution
3. Few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid is then added to the test
tube.
4. Brown ring is formed shows that nitrate ion is present
ii Magnesium ion, calcium ion (ANY TWO) 2
9a 4
alkane alkene
Single bond between carbon atoms At least one double bond between
carbon atoms
Undergo substitution reaction/ Undergo addition reaction/
Does not decolourise ________ Decolourise__________
Burn with less soot Burn with more soot
Saturated hydrocarbon Unsaturated hydrocarbon
b 1. About 5cm3 of alkane and alkene is poured into two separate test
tubes.
2. Few drops of bromine water/ acidified potassium manganate (VII)
solution is added to the two test tubes
3. The observation is recorded and tabulated
Results:
Type of hydrocarbon Observation
Alkane Brown bromine water/ purple
acidified potassium manganate
(VII) solution does not
decolourise
Alkene Brown bromine water/ purple
acidified potassium manganate
(VII) solution is decolourised
c Give two ways of producing ethanol. Your answers should include the sources, 8
reagents, conditions and the relevant chemical equations.
1. fermentation of alcohol
Yeast is added into glucose solution .
The solution is left for two weeks.
The fermentation product is distilled to obtain ethanol
C6H12O6 C2H5OH + CO2
2. Hydration of ethene
Ethene gas is reacted with steam
Under temperature of 300C and pressure 60atm in the presence of
phosphoric acid as catalyst
C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH
d Chemical properties: 4
1. burn in excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
2. undergo oxidation to form ethanoic acid
Physical properties:
1. soluble in water
2. low melting and boiling point
10a The heat of combustion of ethanol is the heat released when one mol of
ethanol is burnt completely in oxygen.
b Mass of ethanol burnt = 25.69-25.23
= 0.46g
0.46 1
Number of mol of ethanol burnt = 46 = 0.01
Mass of water = 100g
Heat release = mc
= 100 x 4.2 x 32 1
= 13440 J 1
13440 1
Heat of combustion = 0.01
= 1344 -1 1