CC DNG BI TP V pH V PHNG PHP GII

Dng 1: Tnh pH ca dung dch axit mnh v baz mnh:

* Axit mnh: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, HClO4
pH = -lg[H+]
* Baz mnh: NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2
pOH = -lg[OH-] pH = 14 - pOH
Bi 1: Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau :
1). HNO3 0,04M. 2). H2SO4 0,01M + HCl 0,05M .
3). NaOH 10-3 M 4). KOH 0,1M + Ba(OH)2 0,2M .
Bi 2: Ho tan m gam BaO vo nc c 200 ml dung dch A c pH = 13. Tnh m?
-4 -4
Bi 3: Cho dung dch A l hn hp H 2SO 4 :2.10 M + HCl:6.10 M
-4 -4
Cho dung dch B l hn hp NaOH:3.10 M + Ca(OH) 2 : 3,5.10 M
a) Tnh pH ca dung dch A v dung dch B
b) Trn 300 ml dung dch A vi 200 ml dung dch B th thu c dung dch c pH bng bao nhiu?
Bi 4: Dung dch HCl c pH = 3. Hi pha long dung dch HCl bng nc bao nhiu ln dung dch c
pH = 4 ?
Bi 5: Pha long 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 vi 1,3 lt nc thu c dung dch c PH = 12. Tnh nng
mol/l ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u, bit rng dung dch Ba(OH)2 phn li hon ton.
Dng 2: Trn V1 lit dung dch axit mnh A C1M vi V2 lit dung dch baz mnh B C2M. Tnh pH ca
dung dch thu c
+ Tnh: n H + = ?; n OH - = ?
+ Vit phng trnh ion rt gn: H+ + OH- H2O
+ Tnh s mol H+ hoc mol OH- d.
+ Tnh pH theo H+ hoc OH-
Lu :
+ Dung dch thu c c pH > 7 OH- d
+ Dung dch thu c c pH < 7 H+ d
+ Dung dch thu c c pH = 7 phn ng va .
Bi 1:
1. Trn 1 lt dung dch H2SO4 0,15M vi 2 lt dung dch KOH 0,165M thu c dung dch E. Tnh pH ca
dung dch E?
2. Trn 50 ml dung dch HCl 0,12M vi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c ?
Bi 2: Cho dung dch A gm HCl v H2SO4. Trung ho 2 lt dd A cn 400ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M . C cn
dung dch to thnh th thu c 12,95 gam mui khan.
1.Tnh nng mol/lt ca cc axit trong dung dch A?
2.Tnh pH ca dung dch A?
Bi 3: Cho hai dung dch H2SO4 c pH = 1 v pH = 2. thm 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M vo 100 ml mi
dung dch trn. Tnh nng mol / lt ca dung dch thu c?
Bi 4: Dung dch Ba(OH)2 c pH = 13 (dd A), dung dch HCl c pH = 1 (dd B). em trn 2,75 lt dung
dch A vi 2,25 lt dung dch B
1. Xc nh nng mol/l ca cc cht trong dung dch to thnh?
2. Tnh pH ca dung dch ny
Bi 5: 1. Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,08 M v H 2SO4 0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch NaOH
amol/lt thu c 500ml dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh a
2. Trn 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,05 M vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 amol/lt thu c 500ml dung dch
c pH = 12. Tnh a
3. Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,08 M v H 2SO4 0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2
amol/lt thu c m gam kt ta v 500ml dung dch c pH = 12 . Tnh m v a
Dng 3: Tnh pH ca dung dch axit yu, baz yu
* Axit yu: HX H + + X- K a
[] ban u Ca 0 0
[] phn li x x x
[] cn bng Ca-x x x
x2 x2
Ka =
C a - x Ca
 pH = (pKa lgCa)
* Baz yu: MOH M+ + OH- Kb
[] ban u Cb 0 0
[] phn li x x x
[] cn bng Cb-x x x
x2 x2
Kb =
Cb - x Cb
pH = 14 - (pKb lgCb)
Bi 1: Tnh pH ca dung dch sau:
1. CH3COOH 0,001M, c Ka = 1,75.10-5
2. NH3 0,001M, c pKb = 4.75
3. H2CO3 0,01M, pKa1 = 6.35; pKa2 = 10.35
Bi 2: in li ca axit axetic (CH3COOH ) trong dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M l 1%. Tnh pH ca
dung dch axit ny
Bi 3: Tnh in li ca axit focmic HCOOH trong dung dch HCOOH 0,007M c pH = 3
Bi 4: Cho dung dch CH3COOH c pH = 4, bit in li = 1%. Xc nh nng mol /lt ca dung dch
axit ny
Bi 5: Tnh pH ca dung dch H2SO4 0,0005 M v pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1 M ( a =4,25%)
Dng 4: Tnh pH ca dung dch m
- Dung dch m axit l h dung dch m c hnh thnh bng cch trn ln mt axit yu vi
mui ca n vi mt baz mnh.
HX/X-
Axit yu: HX H + + X- Ka
[] ban u Ca 0 Cm
[] phn li x x x
[] cn bng Ca-x x Cm+x
x.(C m + x) x.C m
Ka =
Ca - x Ca
Ca .K a C
pH = - lg( ) = pK a - lg a
Cm Cm
- Dung dch m baz l dung dch m c hnh thnh bng cch trn ln mt baz yu vi
mui ca n vi mt axit mnh.
Baz yu: MOH M+ + OH- Kb
[] ban u Cb Cm 0
[] phn li x x x
[] cn bng Cb-x x+Cm x
x.(C m + x) x.C m
Kb =
Cb - x Cb
Cb .K b C
pH = 14 - lg( ) = 14 - pK b + lg b
Cm Cm
Bi 1: Tnh pH ca dung dch hn hp CH3COOH 0,2M v CH3COONa 0,1M . Cho Ka ca CH3COOH l
1,75.10-5 .
Bi 2: Tnh pH trong dung dch gm NH3 0,02M v NH4Cl 0,02M. Cho bit pK(NH4+) = 9,24.
Dng 5: Tnh pH ca dung dch mui
* Mui c to ra t axit yu v baz mnh: CH3COONa; Na2CO3 (pH > 7)
* Mui c to ra t axit mnh v baz yu: NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4 (pH < 7)
* Mui c to ra t axit mnh v baz mnh: NaCl, Ba(NO3)2 (pH = 7)
Bi 1: Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COONa 0,01M bit Ka(CH3COOH) = 1,75.10-5
Bi 2: Tnh pH ca dung dch NH4Cl 0,01M, bit pK(NH4+) = 9,24.