* Axit mnh: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, HClO4 pH = -lg[H+] * Baz mnh: NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2 pOH = -lg[OH-] pH = 14 - pOH Bi 1: Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau : 1). HNO3 0,04M. 2). H2SO4 0,01M + HCl 0,05M . 3). NaOH 10-3 M 4). KOH 0,1M + Ba(OH)2 0,2M . Bi 2: Ho tan m gam BaO vo nc c 200 ml dung dch A c pH = 13. Tnh m? -4 -4 Bi 3: Cho dung dch A l hn hp H 2SO 4 :2.10 M + HCl:6.10 M -4 -4 Cho dung dch B l hn hp NaOH:3.10 M + Ca(OH) 2 : 3,5.10 M a) Tnh pH ca dung dch A v dung dch B b) Trn 300 ml dung dch A vi 200 ml dung dch B th thu c dung dch c pH bng bao nhiu? Bi 4: Dung dch HCl c pH = 3. Hi pha long dung dch HCl bng nc bao nhiu ln dung dch c pH = 4 ? Bi 5: Pha long 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 vi 1,3 lt nc thu c dung dch c PH = 12. Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u, bit rng dung dch Ba(OH)2 phn li hon ton. Dng 2: Trn V1 lit dung dch axit mnh A C1M vi V2 lit dung dch baz mnh B C2M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c + Tnh: n H + = ?; n OH - = ? + Vit phng trnh ion rt gn: H+ + OH- H2O + Tnh s mol H+ hoc mol OH- d. + Tnh pH theo H+ hoc OH- Lu : + Dung dch thu c c pH > 7 OH- d + Dung dch thu c c pH < 7 H+ d + Dung dch thu c c pH = 7 phn ng va . Bi 1: 1. Trn 1 lt dung dch H2SO4 0,15M vi 2 lt dung dch KOH 0,165M thu c dung dch E. Tnh pH ca dung dch E? 2. Trn 50 ml dung dch HCl 0,12M vi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c ? Bi 2: Cho dung dch A gm HCl v H2SO4. Trung ho 2 lt dd A cn 400ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M . C cn dung dch to thnh th thu c 12,95 gam mui khan. 1.Tnh nng mol/lt ca cc axit trong dung dch A? 2.Tnh pH ca dung dch A? Bi 3: Cho hai dung dch H2SO4 c pH = 1 v pH = 2. thm 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M vo 100 ml mi dung dch trn. Tnh nng mol / lt ca dung dch thu c? Bi 4: Dung dch Ba(OH)2 c pH = 13 (dd A), dung dch HCl c pH = 1 (dd B). em trn 2,75 lt dung dch A vi 2,25 lt dung dch B 1. Xc nh nng mol/l ca cc cht trong dung dch to thnh? 2. Tnh pH ca dung dch ny Bi 5: 1. Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,08 M v H 2SO4 0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch NaOH amol/lt thu c 500ml dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh a 2. Trn 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,05 M vi 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 amol/lt thu c 500ml dung dch c pH = 12. Tnh a 3. Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,08 M v H 2SO4 0,01M vi 250 ml dung dch Ba(OH) 2 amol/lt thu c m gam kt ta v 500ml dung dch c pH = 12 . Tnh m v a Dng 3: Tnh pH ca dung dch axit yu, baz yu * Axit yu: HX H + + X- K a [] ban u Ca 0 0 [] phn li x x x [] cn bng Ca-x x x x2 x2 Ka = C a - x Ca pH = (pKa lgCa) * Baz yu: MOH M+ + OH- Kb [] ban u Cb 0 0 [] phn li x x x [] cn bng Cb-x x x x2 x2 Kb = Cb - x Cb pH = 14 - (pKb lgCb) Bi 1: Tnh pH ca dung dch sau: 1. CH3COOH 0,001M, c Ka = 1,75.10-5 2. NH3 0,001M, c pKb = 4.75 3. H2CO3 0,01M, pKa1 = 6.35; pKa2 = 10.35 Bi 2: in li ca axit axetic (CH3COOH ) trong dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M l 1%. Tnh pH ca dung dch axit ny Bi 3: Tnh in li ca axit focmic HCOOH trong dung dch HCOOH 0,007M c pH = 3 Bi 4: Cho dung dch CH3COOH c pH = 4, bit in li = 1%. Xc nh nng mol /lt ca dung dch axit ny Bi 5: Tnh pH ca dung dch H2SO4 0,0005 M v pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1 M ( a =4,25%) Dng 4: Tnh pH ca dung dch m - Dung dch m axit l h dung dch m c hnh thnh bng cch trn ln mt axit yu vi mui ca n vi mt baz mnh. HX/X- Axit yu: HX H + + X- Ka [] ban u Ca 0 Cm [] phn li x x x [] cn bng Ca-x x Cm+x x.(C m + x) x.C m Ka = Ca - x Ca Ca .K a C pH = - lg( ) = pK a - lg a Cm Cm - Dung dch m baz l dung dch m c hnh thnh bng cch trn ln mt baz yu vi mui ca n vi mt axit mnh. Baz yu: MOH M+ + OH- Kb [] ban u Cb Cm 0 [] phn li x x x [] cn bng Cb-x x+Cm x x.(C m + x) x.C m Kb = Cb - x Cb Cb .K b C pH = 14 - lg( ) = 14 - pK b + lg b Cm Cm Bi 1: Tnh pH ca dung dch hn hp CH3COOH 0,2M v CH3COONa 0,1M . Cho Ka ca CH3COOH l 1,75.10-5 . Bi 2: Tnh pH trong dung dch gm NH3 0,02M v NH4Cl 0,02M. Cho bit pK(NH4+) = 9,24. Dng 5: Tnh pH ca dung dch mui * Mui c to ra t axit yu v baz mnh: CH3COONa; Na2CO3 (pH > 7) * Mui c to ra t axit mnh v baz yu: NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4 (pH < 7) * Mui c to ra t axit mnh v baz mnh: NaCl, Ba(NO3)2 (pH = 7) Bi 1: Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COONa 0,01M bit Ka(CH3COOH) = 1,75.10-5 Bi 2: Tnh pH ca dung dch NH4Cl 0,01M, bit pK(NH4+) = 9,24.