1

A LATIN READER
 BOSTON UNiVEPSilY
'30LLBSE OF LIbERAL ARTS
LIBRARY
A LATIN READER

EASY SELECTIONS FOR

BEGINNERS

BY

FRANK A. GALLUP
PRINCIPAL, ALBANY HIGH SCHOOL,
ALBANY, N. Y.

BOSTON UNIVERSITY
COLL&ftE F LIBERAL ARTS
LIBRARY
NEW YORK : CINCINNATI : CHICAGO
AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY
n5

Copyright, 1913, by

F. A. GALLUP.

Copyright, 1913, in Great Britain

GALLUP, latin READER.

vv. p. I
 FA

PREFACE
The way of the beginner in Latin is only too often
confined to those subjects where the faculties of the
mind, aside from memory, find little chance for devel-
opment. For a year pupils spend long hours in end-
less drill on the rules of grammar, on declensions and
conjugations, and on the perplexities of syntax. It is

not strange, therefore, that numerous attempts have

been made to assist the beginner to an opportunity
now and then for refreshing his mind, and at the
same time for applying his new acquirements.
Those have succeeded best, I believe, who have
kept most closely to the things of antiquity, described
in the language of ancient Rome. Pupils recognize
the modern tone of present-day topics discussed in
English-like Latin, and they are not satisfied, nor are
they much helped.
The Fables in this Reader are the old ones, simpli-
fied for beginners. The Short Stories, gathered here
and there, have also been freed from difficulties.
The Tales of Early Rome are from Livy and have
been adapted to pupils who have not yet gone far
along the course. And, finally, although the selec-
tion from Ovid has been turned into prose and shorn
of its grammatical difficulties, it is believed that the
charm of the story itself has not suffered.
FRANK A. GALLUP.
Albany, N.Y,
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
FABLES
PAGE
1. Flattered out of his Cheese 9
2. Danger in Discord 10
3. In Union is Strength 10
4. Greediness Punished .11
5. Safe and Saucy 11
6. Silly Enmity 12
7. When Thieves Out
fall 12
8. Safety Better than Sweets 13
9. The Trumpet a Mighty Weapon 13
10. Cheating the Doctor 14
11. A Retort in Kind 14
12. The Lion's Share 15
13. Little Mice have Sharp Teeth 15
14. The Dog in the Manger 15
15. Sour Grapes 16
16. The Gratitude of the Wicked 16
17. A Difference in the Point of View . . . .16
18. Liberty Better than Luxury 17
19. Brave in Counsel, Timid in Action 17
20. The Perils of Expansion 18
21. What the Weaker owe the Stronger . . . . "
. 19
22. Killed the Alarm Clock 19
23. Avarice brings Loss 20
His Lot not so Bad after All
24.
25.
26.
Selfishness brings
Clothes do not
itsOwn Punishment
make the Man
.... 20
21
21
27. Common Abbreviations and their Meanings . . 22
28. Maxims and Mottoes 24
5
 LATIN READER

SHORT STORIES
PAGE
29. The Brave Lacedaemonians 26
30. More Gate than City 27
3L Death 27
32.
33. Man
Better than Spartan Fare
Valuable Assistance
Money
or .''
.... 28
28
34. Not Brave Enough to meet Old Age . 28
Home 29
35.
36.
37.
Not
A
at
Lesson in Dignity
The Moderation of Tiberius
.... .
30
31
Who takes Precedence Father or Son
38.
39.
40.
Alexander's Horse
A Tribune's Bravery
....
....
? 31
33
35
41. Androclus and the Lion 37
42. A Little Bird teaches Self-reliance . 41

43. Large Thoughts in Few Words . 45

TALES OF EARLY ROME

44. Aeneas comes to Italy 49
45. Rome Founded 51
46. Romans and Sabines Fight . . . . . .52
47. Message from Romulus 54
48. Trouble with Alba Longa 55
49. The Horatii and Curiatii 57
50. Treachery of the Alban King 59
51. Punishment of a Traitor 61
52. Captured by Trickery 63
53. Horatius at the Bridge 64
54.
55.
56.
Mucius Scaevola
Honesty of Fabricius
Ambition Denounced
.......
.
67
69
71
57. Hannibal's Jest 71
58. The Heavenly Bodies 72
 LATIN READER 7

EARLY HYMNS
PAGE
59. Morning Song 77
60. De Vita Hominis 78

FROM THE PSALMS

61. Psalmus I 80
62. The Shepherd Psalm 80

MYTHS OF THE ROMANS

63. Creation and the Flood 82

Vocabulary 89
 LATIN READER
FABLES
I. Flattered Out of His Cheese
Corvus, qui alicunde caseum rapuerat/ in altam
arborem subvolavit. Vulpecula,^ quae caseum appe-
tebat,^ corvum ita adloquitur :
" Formam tuam mag-
nopere laudo et pennarum tuarum nitorem. Pol!^
si cantus tuus pulchritudini^ tuae respondet,^ rex *5

avium es." Turn corvus, laudibus^ vulpeculae Tnfla-

tus,* cantare conatus est. Sed e rostro aperto ^ delap-

1. had stolen, ixovcv X3i-^\h. 5- Dative of Indirect Ob-

2. vulpes is fox, vulpecula, ject.
little fox. The suffix -cula is 6. corresponds to, is equal
often thus used in forming to.

diminutives. 7. Ablative of Cause, with

3. had a great desire for. inflatus.
English appetite is a direct de- 8. puffed up, perfect parti-
scendant from this word. ciple of inflo.
4. By Pollux I a very com- g. e rostro aperto : out of
mon exclamation. Pollux was his opened beak, i.e. opened in
one of the numerous Roman the elTort to sing. aperto is
demigods. the perfect participle of aperio.
 10 LATIN READER

sus^ est caseus, quern vulpecula statim devoravit.

Verba adulatorum sunt pretl parvi,^ ut^ haec fabula
docet.

2. Danger in Discord
In eodem prato pascebantur^ tres boves^ in maxima
5 Concordia, et sic ^ ab omni ferarum incursione tuti
erant. Sed dissidium^ ortum* est, et singuli^ a feris
laniatT sunt. Multum boni ^ est in concordia, ut " haec
fabula docet.

3. In Union is Strength
Agricola senex^^ filios suos convocavit, qui interdum
to discordabant. Senex fascem virgularum adferrl^^ iussit.

Turn " Frangite,^^" inquit, " hunc fascem." Hoc fa-

^^
cere non poterant. Denique distribuit senex singulas
1. From delabor, i-//jzJ ^/^/. 7- 'L\\.tr2\\y, sitting apart
2. preti parvi :
of little hence disagreement,
value. 8. From orior.

3. as. With this meaning 9. one by one ox one at atime.

ut takes the indicative. 10. much good, boni is the
4. From pascor, feed. This Partitive Genitive,
verb is connected with pastor, 11. as.

a feeder ox shepherd. The im- 12. old. This word is often

perfect tense here shows that used as a noun, as in 1. 10.

the cattle were accustomed to 13. Passive infinitive of ad-

feed in this meadow. fero, bring.

5. From bos. i4- Imperative of frango,

6. I.e. while they acted in break.
harmony. i5- one to each.
 LATIN READER II

virgulas, quas celeriter fregerunt. Turn exclamavit

agricola :
'*
Quam firma res ' est concordia, quam
"
imbecillis discordia !

4. Greediness Punished
Mulier quaedam^ habebat galllnam, quae ei^ cotT-
die 5vum pariebaf* aureum. Mulier ita exTstimabat : 5

''
Mea gallina sine dubio massam aurl intus celat ; si

galllnam occTdam,^ omne aurum statim possideb5."

Itaque earn occldit. Sed nihil in ea repperit^ nisi
quod^ in aliis gallinis reperiri solet. Mai5ribus divi-

tiis* inhiabat^; minores^'' etiam perdidit.^^ ic

5. Safe and Saucy

Haedus, qui in tecto^- domus^^ stabat, lup5 maledl-
cebat/^ Cui ^^ respondit lupus " Non tu,^^ sed tectum, :

1. quam firma res: how w^////, indirect object.

strong a thing! 9.had a desire for' iiter- ^

2. mulier quaedam: a cer- tAVj^ had her mouth open for.

tain wornaji. 10. divitias is understood.
3. for her, i.e. for the woman. 11 . From perdo, lose.

4. laid, from pario, bring 12. roof, from tego, cover,

forth. ' 13. Genitive.
5. Future indicative of oc- 14. ivas abusing.
cid5, kill. 15. Refers to haedus. Ren-
6. Perfect indicative of re- der him. The Latin relative
perio, fijid. The subject is is often the first word in a sen-
mulier. tence where English uses a de-
7. nisi quod : except what. monstrative.
8. maioribusdivitiis: ^;v^z/^r 16. maledicis is understood.
 12 LATIN READER

mihi maledicit." Saepe locus et tempus homines

timidos reddit audaces.^

6. Silly Enmity
In eadem navi erant duo homines, qui inimicissimi
erant. Unus eorum ^ puppi ^ sedebat.
in prora, alter ^ in
sTempestas ingens orta^est. Omnes de vita despe-
rabant. Is qui in puppI erat gubernatorem rogavit
*'
Utra pars ^ navis prius submergetur ^ ? " Respondit
gubernator "Prora." Tumille^: " lam ^ mors mihi
:

non^ molesta est, nam inimlcl mel mortem videbo."

7. WJien Thieves Fall Out

Duo homines, qui una^*^ iter faciebant, asinum in

solitudine conspicati sunt. Accurrunt laetl" et uter-
que^^ eum sibi vindicare coepit. Dum vero conten-

1. reddit audaces : ?'e7tder 6. utra pars : which pai'tf

bold. The singular form of the 7. prius submergetur : will
verb is used because the two go under first
subjects together form a single 8. turn ille : some word
idea of circujiistance. like respondit is understood.
2. Partitive Genitive. 9. iam non : 710 lotiger.

3. the other. 10. An adverb, together.

4. This noun, like navis, is 11. joyfully^ for English
one of the i stems that retain more often uses an adverb in
most of the i forms. such expressions.
5. From orior, spring up. 12. each of the two or both.
 3 :

LATIN READER 1

dunt,^ nee a verberibus abstinent,^ asinus fugit, et

neuter eum cepit.

8. Safety Better than Sweets

Lupus capram in^ alta rupe stantem* conspicatus

est, quam ita adlocutus ^ est " Cur non relinquis nuda
:

ilia et hue descendis in herbidos 5

sterilia loca, et
campos, qui tibi laetum* pabulum dabunt ? " Cui
capra ita respondit " Mihi^ non est in animo dulcia
:

tutis ^ praeponere."

9. The Trumpet a Mighty Weapon

Tibicen, ab hostibus captus,^ exclamavit :
*' Non
sum interficiendus/^ nam inermis sum ; nihil habeo 10

praeter banc tubam." Sed hostes responderunt

1. The present tense often 7. mihi, etc : '^ I do not

occurs in clauses introduced by intend to place sweets before
dum, but in EngUsh the wiper- safety.'''' Literally, it is not in

feet should be used when the nmid to me to place, etc. The

reference is plainly to the past. subject of est is praeponere.
2. nee . . . abstinent: and 8. safety-, literally, safe
did 7iot refrain. things. Dative of Indirect
3. on. Object.
4. Present participle of sto, 9. Perfect participle of
stand. capi5, capture.
5. From adloquor, speak to, 10. non sum interficiendus :

address. I ougJit not to be killed. Passive

6. abundant. periphrastic conjugation.
 14 LATIN READER

" Propter hoc ipsum^ te interimemus,^ quod alios ad

pugnam incitare soles." N5n s5lum maleficl^ puniendi
sunt, sed etiam el qui alios ad male faciendum^ incitant.

lo. Cheating the Doctor

In faucibus ^ lupi os inhaeserat.' Gruem, quae forte
praeterlbat, lupus ita adlocutus est :
" Si os e fauci-
5

bus meis extrahes, tibi magnam mercedem dabo."

Os* grus longitudine^ colli facile extraxit. Turn

mercedem rogabat. Sed lupus subrldebat et denti-
bus infrendebat. " Num ^
tibi," inquit, " parva mer-
loces videtur, quod caput incolume e lupI faucibus
?
extraxisti

II. A Retort in Kind

Pav5, quae coram grue" pennas suas explicabat,
subito exclamavit : " Quanta est formositas mea et
tua deformitas !
" At grus magna celeritate evola-
i5vit, dicens : " Et quanta est levitas mea et tua
"
tarditas !

1. hoc ipsum: that very 6. '\Xii^^xz\\i\^s,\ in the throat,

thing. 7. From inhaereo, stick.
2. Future of interim5, kill. 8. Accusative.
3. ^OMXi, evil doers. 9. Ablative of Cause.
4. puniendi sunt : ought to be 10. A negative reply is ex-
piinished. See note 10, p. 13. pected. - It doesn't seetn a small

5. ad male faciendum : to do- reward., does it., that you^' etc.

ing faciendum
7nis chief . is the 11. coram grue : before a
gerund of facio. crane.
 5

LATIN READER 1

12. The Li01 IS Share

Societatem iunxerant leo, iuvenca, capra, ovis.
Praeda quam ceperant in quattuor partes divisa est.
Turn leo, "Prima pars," inquit, " mea est, debetur^
enim praestantiae - meae. Tollam et^ secundam,
quam meretur robur meum. Tertiam vindicat* sibi 5

egregius labor meus. Si quis^ quartam partem sibi

arrogare volet, eum inimlcum habeb5.^ " Itaque
cetera animalia partem praedae acceperunt nullam.

13. Little Mice Have Sharp Teeth

Mus, a rustic deprehensus," acri morsu eius digi-
tos vulneravit. Rusticus murem dimisit, dicens : k
" Nihil, mehercule, tarn pusillum est, ut de salute
desperare debeat.^"

14. The Dog in the Ma^iger

Canis iacebat^ in praesepe, et boves latranda^*' a
pabulo arcebat. Cui unus" bourn: "Quanta ista in-

1. is due. 8. ut debeat : t]iat it ought,

2. preeminence. Dative. a clause of result.
3- also. g. From iaceo, not from
4. claims. iacio.

5. a7iy one. lo. Ablative of the gerund,

6. I shall regard as. by barking.
7. Perfect participle of de- 11. unus : some verb of say-
prehendo, catch. ing is understood.
 !

l6 LATIN READER

vidia ^ est ! Non pateris " alios edere, et tu ipse edere

"
non potes]
15. Sour Grapes
Vulpes ad uvam subsiliebat sed earn attingere non
poterat.Tandem, defatlgata inani labore, exclama-
5 vit At nunc etiam ^ acerba est, et earn edere nolo."
:
"

Multl ea contemnunt quae assequi non possunt.

16. The Gratitude of the Wicked

Milvius, laquels irretitus, musculum'' exoravit : "Me
libera his plagis." Quod^ musculus facile fecit. Mil-
vius, liberatus, murem devoravit. Quam gratiam
10 mail pro beneficils reddere solent

17. A Difference in the Point of View

Pastores, caesa ' ove, convlvium celebrabant.^ Lu-
pus, qui pastores videbat, exclamavit :
" Si ego agnum
rapio, quantus tumultus oritur ! At istl^ impune
ovem devorant !
" Tum ianus illorum respondit :
" Nos

isnostram, non alienam^" ovem edimus."

1. ista mvidAsi: thaijealo7isy 6. quam gratiam : what a
you feel, iste often points out return the wicked are wont to
something as belonging to the make for kindnesses I
person addressed. 7. From caedo, slay, caesa
2. From patior, permit. ove, Ablative Absolute.
3. at nunc etiam : but after 8. The tense shows the act
all. in progress.
4. Diminutive from mus. 9. those fellows.
5. Render M/i". 10. belonging to another.
 "

LATIN READER I/

1 8. Liberty Better than Luxury

Lupus, qui canem bene saglnatum videbat, excla-
mavit :
**
Quanta est tua felicitas ^
! Tu laute vivis,
at ego fame^ enecor " ! Respondit canis :
**
VenI me-
cum ^ in urbem ; ibi eandem felicitatem habebis."
Lupus condicionem accepit, et una^ iter faciunt. Ani- 5

madvertit ^ lupus in coll5 canis attrltos pilos. " Quid

hoc est ?" inquit. " Num
iugum sustines ? Nam cer-
vix tua glabra est." " Nihil est," respondit canis, ''
sed
interdiu me alligant, ut noctu sim^ vigilantior. Haec
sunt vestigia collaris quod in cervlcem meam poni- 10

tur." Turn lupus :

'*
Vale, amice. Non mihi' placet
felicitas servitute empta.^

19. Brave in Counsel^ Timid i^i Action

Mures aliquando concilium habebant, nam quan-
dam ^ felem, quae venatrix perlta erat, magnopere
timebant. Multa c5nsilia proposita sunt, sed muri- 15

1. good fortune. 5. notices; literally, tur 71s

2. The cause of his perish- his ?nind toward.
ing. 6. Verb of a purpose clause ;

3. cum is regularly an en- hence the subjunctive.

clitic with the personal pro- 7. Indirect object of placet.
nouns, often with the relative 8. Perfect participle of emo,
and interrogative pronouns. purchased.
4. una adverb. : 9. From quidam.
GALL. LAT. READ. 2
 1 LATIN READER

bus^ non placebant. Denique una e muribus ^ ita

locuta-' est: *' Tintinnabulum caudae'' istius felis an-
nectere necesse est, nam sonitus eius nos admonebit,
cum ea approplnquat, et fugere poterimus. Quis
5 hoc facere vult " Sed nemo respondit, multl ete-
^ ?

nim ^ in suadendd ^ audaces sunt, sed in periculo ipso

timidl.

20. The Perils of Expansion

In prato quondam rana bovem conspexit. Tacta*
invidia tantae magnitudinis, rugosam^ inflavit pellem,
10 et fllios suos interrogavit, utrum latior quam bos
esset.^'' I Hi negaverunt.^^ Rursus intendit cutem
maiore nisu et simill modo quaesivit, uter maior es-
set.^ Illi responderunt bovem esse maiorem. Tum,

1. Indirect object of place- 6. for, as you know, ete-

bant. nim regularly introduces a rea-
2. e muribus: with unus the son that is supposed to be
ablative with e, ex is often used self-evident.
instead of the Partitive Geni- 7. Gerund of suadeS.
tive. 8. Perfect participle of
3. From loquor, speak. tango, touch.
4. Indirect object of annec- 9. wrinkled. The word is

tere. tintinnabulum is the di- made from ruga, a wrinkle,and

rect object. The subject of est the suffix -osa, which means
is annectere; necesse is predi- full of .

cate adjective. 10. Subjunctive in an indi-

5. I.e. fastening the bell to rect question,

the cat's tail. 11. said 710.
 " 9
;
:

LATIN READER 1

dum rana vult validius sese Tnflare, rupto iacuit

corpore/

21. What the Weaker Owe the Stronger

Vulpes, asinus, leo venatum^ iverant. Praedam

asinum partirf Asinus singulis singulas
leo iussit.

partes ponebat aequales, sed leo eum dilaniavit. Turn 5

vulpeculae negotium partiendP dedit. Haec, sapien-

tior quam asinus, partem maximam leoni apposuit,

et sibi vix minimam particulam ^ reservavit. Led

subridebat et eius prudentiam laudabat. Tandem
rogavit :
" Unde didicistP talem prudentiam?" Re- 10

spondit vulpes: ''Calamitas asini me docuit quid

minores potentioribus ^ debeant/

22. Killed the Alarm Clock

Mulier quaedam solebat ancillas suas excitare ad
opus galli cantu audito.^ Illae, diuturno labore^
fatigatae, gallum interficere statuerunt. Quo facto, 15

1. rupto corpore : with body 6. minores potentioribus

hurst. rupt5 is the perfect comparatives used as nouns
participle of rumpo. the weaker, the 7nore powerful.
2. Supine of venor, to hunt. 7. Subjunctive in an indi-
3. Gerund, from partior. rect question.
4. vix minimam particu- 8. galli cantii audito : Abla-
1am: barely the least little \\\'t Ah?,o\\\'it:whe?t the crowing
bit. of the cock was heard.
5. From disco, /^r. 9. Ablative of Cause.
 20 LATIN READER

in deteridrem condici5nem ^ quam prius inciderunt,

nam domina, de hora noctis incerta, nunc famulas
saepe iam prima nocte ^ excitabat.

23. Avarice Brings Loss

Mulier gallmam habebat, quae el^ cotldie unum
5 ovum pariebat.^ Ilia ita existimabat: "Si gallmam
meam saginabo, bina aut terna 5va cotldie pariet."
Sed iam pinguis, ova parere desiit.^
gallina, Haec
fabula docet avaritiam saepe esse damnosam.

24. His Lot not so Bad after all

Senex in silva ligna ceciderat/ Els sublatis,^

lodomum redire coepit. Onere et via defatlgatus,
fascem deposuit atque secum aetatis et inopiae mala
contemplabatur. Mortem tandem clara voce invoca-
vit :
" Me ab omnibus his mails libera." Precibus
senis auditis, Mors subito adstitit, et quid senex vellet
1. in deteriorem condicio- 6. Infinitive in an indepen-
nem : they fell into liforse dent clause of indirect dis-
plight. course.
2. prima nocte : in the eve- 7. From caedo.
ning ; literally, at the first of 8. eis sublatis : Ablative
the night. Absolute, sublatis is the per-
Z. for her, i.e. for the feet participle of toll5.
woman. 9. domus and riis, like

4. From pari5, bring forth, names of towns, denote the

lay. limit of motion without a prep-
5. From desino, cease. osition.
 "

LATIN READER 21

rogavit. Senex, qui nunc metu exanimatus erat, cele-

riter respondit :
*'
Nihil vol5 praeter auxilium, ut hoc
onus rursus subeam."

25. Selfishness brings its Own Punishment

Asinus onustus sarcinis Mta equum adlocutus est:
" Leva me aliqua parte ^ oneris mei." Sed ille asinis
preces repudiavit. Paulo post^ asinus, labore con-
sumptus,^ in via corruit et animam efflavit. Turn
agitator omnes sarcinas, quas asinus portaverat, at-
que Insuper etiam pellem asino detractam, in equum
rmposuit. Ille priorem superbiam ita deplorabat " O : 10

me miserum,^ nam parvulum onus in me recipere no-

lebam, et nunc cogor tantas sarcinas f erre, una cum pelle
comitis mei, cuius preces tam superbe contempsi!

26. Clothes Do not Make the Man

Asinus, pelle leonis indutus,^ homines et bestias

terrebat. Sed forte celerius^ se movet, et aures emi- 15

nebant. Tum in pistrlnum abductus est, ubi poenas

petulantiae dedit.^
1. onustus sarcinis: laden wretched me or How wretched
with baggage. I am I The Accusative of
2. aliqua parte : of some Exclamation.
part^ Ablative of Separation. 6. From contemno.
3. paulo post : a little 7. Perfect participle of in-
later. duo, clothe.
4. Perfect participle of con- 8. celerius : too quickly.
sumo. 9. poenas dedit : paid the
5. me miserum : O penalty, ^edit is from do, give.
22 LATIN READER j

27. Common Abbreviations and Their

Meanings
A.B. (Artium Baccalaureus), Bachelor of Arts.
A.C. (ante Christum), before Christ.
A.D. (anno Domini), in the year of our Lord.
a.m. (ante meridiem), before noon.
A.M. (Artium Magister), Master of Arts.
A.U.C. (anno urbis conditae), in the year after the
founding of the city (Rome),
cf. (confer), compare.
Cr. (creditor), creditor.
D.D. (Divinitatis Doctor), Doctor of Divinity.
Dr. (debitor), debtor.
Dr. (doctor), doctor, one who is trained, one who
teaches.
D.V. (Deo volente), God willing, if God wills,

e.g. (exempli gratia), for the sake of example, for

example,
etc. (et cetera), and the rest,

et seq. (et sequens plural is usually abbreviated et

sqq.\ and what follows, and the following,
ib. or ibid, (ibidem), in the same place.
i.e. (id est), that is.

inst. (Tnstante mense), the present month.

Jr. (lunior). Younger, the Younger,
lat. (Iatitud5), latitude,
lb. (libra), pound.
 LATIN READER 23

LL.D (Legum Doctor), Doctor of Laws.

long, (longitude), longitude.
M. (meridies), noon.
M.D. (Mediclnae Doctor), Doctor of Medicine.
n.b. (nota bene), note well, take notice.
per cent, (per centum), by the hundred.
Ph.D. (Philosophiae Doctor), Doctor of Philosophy.
p.m. (post meridiem), after noon.
pro et con. (pr5 et contra), for and against.
Prof. (Professor), one who teaches. Professor.
pro tern, (pro tempore), for a time, temporarily.
prox. (proxim5 mense), next month.
P.S. (post scriptum), written after, postscript.
Q.E.D. (quod erat demonstrandum), which was to
be proved.
q.l. (quantum libet), as much as is desired.

q.s. (quantum sufficit), as much as is needed (in pre-

scriptions).
Rev. (Reverendus), to be revered, reverend.
R.I. P. (Requiescat in pace), May he (or she) rest in
peace.
sc. (scilicet), to be understood.
S.P.Q.R. (Senatus Populusque Romanus), the Roman
Senate and People.
Sr. (Senior), Older, the Older.
ult. (ultimo mense), last month.
viz. (videlicet), namely.
vs. (versus), against.
24 LATIN READER

28. Maxims a7id Mottoes

1. Ad astra^ per aspera.

2. Alls volamus proprils.'^
3. Labor omnia vincit.
4. Ubi mel, ibi apes.
5. Ante victoriam ne canas triumphum.'
6. Audaces fortuna iuvat, timidosque repellit.
7. Bis dat qui cito dat.
8. Corrumpunt bonos mores conloquia prava.
9. De mortuis nil nisi bonum.^
10. Duos qui sequitur lepores neutrum cap it.
11. Esse quam viderl malim.^
12. Felix qui nihil debet.
13. Fortes fortuna iuvat.
14. Forti et fideli nil difficile.

15. Fortis cadere, cedere non potest.

16. Gutta cavat lapidem non vl sed saepe cadendo.^
17. Non est fumus absque igne.

1 . ad astra, to fame, since grand triumphal procession al-

stars were named after famous lowed a general who had won
personages. Translate : The a notable victory over foreign
road to fame lies through diffi- foes.

cidties. 4. dicendum est is under-

2. An expression of inde- stood. Nothing but good is to
pendence, We fly with our own be said of the dead.
wings. 5. malim: present subjunc-
3 Do not sing your triumph ti ve, / should prefer.
song before winning your vie- 6. Ablative of the gerund of
tory. The triumphus was the cado, by falling.
 LATIN READER 25

18. Palma non sine pulvere.^

19. Noli me tangere.^
20. Vae victls.^

21. Vitae via virtus."*

22. Vincit Veritas.

23. Vultus est index animi.
24. Vox populi, vox Dei.^
25. Vestigia nulla retrorsum.
26. Tempus fugit.

27. Suaviter in mod5, fortiter in re.^

28. Si vis pacem, para bellum.

29. Sic Itur ad astra.
30. Semper paratus.
31. Semper fidelis.
32. Hinc illae lacrimae.
33. Procul este, profani.'
34. Noscitur homo a sociis.^
35. Ne quid nimis.^
36. Cor unum, via una.
37. Dum vivimus, vivamus.

1. No palm (of victory) 5. in re : inessentials,

without the dust (of the race 6. This is the way to fame.
course). itur is used impersonally.
2. Be unwilling to touch me 7. Stand afar off
, ye U7iholy
was the regular classical ex- 07ies.

pression for Don't touch 8. We

say, jnan is knownA
vie. by the company he keeps.
3. U\h to the conquered I g. Not anything too much.,
4. Sc. est. i.e. Do nothing to excess.
 SHORT STORIES
29. The Brave Lacedaemonians

Philippus minitabatur per litteras^ se omnia quae

Lacedaemonii conarentur prohibiturum esse.^ lUl
responderunt: " Num nos es etiam mori prohibi-
turus^?"
5 Ad Leonidam, regem Lacedaemoniorum, scripsit
Xerxes: **
Mitte arma.'* " Respondit Leonidas
"Veni et cape."
Perses in conloquio Solem prae ^
ita gloriabatur : "

iaculorum nostrorum multitudine et sagittarum non

[o videbitis." Sine mora respondit Onus e Lacedae-
moniis " In umbra igitur pugnabimus."
:

Lacedaemonius quidam, qui ridebatur quod clau-

These four anecdotes illus- would be ego omnia quae cona-

famed bravery of the
trate the mini prohibebo.
Spartans, who were a nation of 3. num . . . prohibitiinis ?

warriors. You are not going to keep us

1. per litteras : by letter. from dying., too., are you f
2. se esse: Philip's thought 4. mitte arma: i.e. in sur-

expressed indirectly, or in indi- render.

rect discourse. The direct form 5. prae: because 0/.

26
 " .

LATIN READER 2;

diis in pugnam iret/ exclamavit : "At mihi pugnare,

n5n fugere, in animo est.^

30. More Gate than City

Diogenes,^ magnis portls Myndi et parva urbe

visis, ita Myndios monuit :
" Claudite portas, ne
"
urbs vestra egrediatur.'* 5

31. Death Better tha^i Spartan Fare

Epiilae Sybaritarum luxuriosae erant. Itaque homo
Sybaritanus, qui aliquando Spartiatarum convivio^
intererat, magna v5ce^ dixit " lam non^ Tgnoro cur :

vos, LacedaemoniT, ceteras gentes fortitudine* su-

peretis.^ Vos omnes, si sanae estis mentis/" mortem 10
"
potius optabitis quam talem victum !

1. quod . . . iret : because the Myndians, who had a very

he was going into battle when small city.

lame. The subjunctive is used 4. egredia.tuT : get 02it

because the reason is that of 5. Indirect object of inter-

the critics, because, as they said, erat.
he was going, eic. 6. magna v5ce: in a loud
2. at ... est : btit I in- voice.
tend to fight, not to run. 7. iamnon: no longer.
3. Diogenes, famous the 8. Ablative of Specifica-
Cynic philosopher who sought tion.
for an honest man and often g. Indirect Question,
rebuked kings, here indulges in 10. sanae mentis : Genitive
a witticism at the expense of of Characteristic.
 28 LATIN READER

32. Valuable Assistance

Quintus Maximus^ Tarentum magna vigilantia re-
cepit. Salinator,^ qui, amisso oppid5,^ fugerat in
arcem, gloriabatur et ita dicebat "Mea'* opera, :

Quinte Fabi,^ Tarentum recepistl." " Certe," respon-

5 dit Maximus ridens ;
" nam tu amisisti, ego recepi."

33. Ma7i or Mo7iey?

Themistocles rogabatur utrum bono viro pauperi an
minus probato dTviti flliam conlocare mallet.^ " Ego
mal5 virum qui pecuniam non habeat
vero," inquit, ''

quam pecuniam quae virum non habeat."

34. Not Brave Enough to Meet Old Age

10 Milo iuvenis per stadium ^ Olympiae sustinuisse
humeris bovem dlcitur. Sed vox^ Milonis senis^
1. Quintus Fabius Maxi- of proper nouns in -ius ends in
mus : the famous Roman gen- -i, not in -ie.

eralwho made headway against 6. Verb of an indirect

Hannibal when all others had question, whether he would pre-
failed. fer to give his daughter.
2. Salinator: the Roman 7. per stadium: over the
general in command at Taren- course.
turn when the city was taken. 8. vox: word, sentiment.
3. Ablative Absolute. 9. senis : wheti a?i old man.
4. The position of mea There is a contrast between iu-
gives it special emphasis. venis and senis. Milo's spirit

5. Fabi : the vocative form failed with his strength.

 LATIN READER 29

contempta est, nam in senectute athletas in curriculo

videbat, inlacrimabat, exclamabat :

" At hi lacertl

qiiidem mortui sunt !

" Non vero tarn isti ^ quam tu
ipse, nugator, neque enim ex te umquam es nobili-
tatus, sed ex lacertls tuis. 5

35. Not at Home

Nasica^ ad poetam Ennium^ venit, eique'* ab ostio
quaerenti Ennium ancilla dixit domi^ non esse. Nasica
autem sensit illam domini iussu dixisse, et ilium intus
esse. Faucis post diebus,^ Ennius ad Nasicam venit
et eum a ianua quaesivit. Exclamat Nasica se domi^ 10

non esse. Turn Ennius^: ''Quid.** ego non c6gn6sc5

vocem tuam t " Hie Nasica" " Homo es impudens. :

Ancillae^ tuae credidi te domi non esse; tu mihi

non credis ipsi } "

1. isti: supply mortui sunt. 5. domi: a locative, at

2. Nasica: Publius Come- home.
lius Scipio Nasica, a famous 6. paucis post diebus : a
member of a distinguished few days later.

family. 7. With these nominatives

3. Ennius: Quintus Ennius, understand some verb of say-
among the earliest of Rom.an ing, like dixit or respondit.

poets. 8. / your maid

believed

4. eique, etc. : and when when yon were not at

she said
he inquired at the door for Eti- home don't you believe 7ne
'^

uitis, the maid said he was not myself when I tell you that I
at home. am not at home ?
 30 LATIN READER

36. A Lesson in Dignity

Quintus Fabius, iam senex, filio suo

consul! legatus fuit. Fllius obviam pa-
tri^ progressus est, duodecim lictoribus pro more an-

tecedentibus.
5 Equo vehebatur senex, neque^ appropinquante
consule descendit.

I. obviam ^aXxi: to meet his 2. The negative affects de-

fatlier. scendit, not appropinquante.
 1

LATIN READER 3

lam ex lictoribus undecim, verecundia^ paternae

maiestatis, taciti praeterierant.
Consul proximum iTctorem iussit inclamare Fabio
patrl: " Ex equo descende."
Pater turn desiliens, " Non ego, fill," inquit, " tuum 5

imperium contempsi, sed experiri volui, num sclres^

consulem te esse."

37. The Moderation of Tiberius

Amid Tiberio^ suaserunf* ut provincias magn5
tributo oneraret. autem respondit
Ille :
*'
Boni pasto-
ris^ est tondere pecus, non deglubere." ^

38. Who Takes Precedence Father or Son ?

Ad philosophum Taurum^ Athenas^ venerat

praeses Cretae provinciae, et cum eo simul eiusdem
1. out of respect for. Gellius went for instruction.
2. whether you knew how to This selection and the five
be consul, sclres is the verb of following are taken from the
an indirect question. ^'Noctes Atticae " of Aulus
3. The emperor Tiberius. Gellius, a Latin writer of the
4. Tiberius was urged to second century a.d., who has
load dow7i the provinces with. left us many interesting bits
5. boni pastoris, etc. : it of information concerning an-
is the part of a good shepherd tiquity.
to shear, etc. 7. Athenas : Limit of Mo-
6. Taurum: an Athenian tion ; as this is the name of a
philosopher to whom Aulus city, no preposition is used.
 32 LATIN READER

praesidis pater. Taurus, sectatoribus dimissis,^ se-

debat pro cubiculi sui foribus et cum nobis ^ sermoci-
nabatur.
IntroTvit provinciae praeses et cum eo pater. Ad-
5 surrexit placide Taurus et post mutuam salutationem
resedit. Adlata mox una sella est, quae in promptu ^

erat, atque, dum aliae promebantur, apposita est. In-

vitavit Taurus patrem praesidis uti sederet. Atque
ille ait :
*'
Sedeat hie potius,^ qui populi Roman!
lo magistratus est." "Absque praeiudicio,^ " inquit
Taurus, "tu interea sede, dum inspicimus quaeri-
musque utrum conveniat^ te potius sedere, qui pater
es, an fllium, qui magistratus est." Et ubi pater
adsedit appositumque est aliud fili5 quoque eius
15 sedile, verba super ea re Taurus facit.
Eorum verborum sententia haec fuit^: In piiblicis
locis atque muneribus atque actionibus patrum
1. sectatoribus dimissis : judging the question we are go-
having dismissed his pupils., ing to discuss.
Ablative Absolute. 6. utrum conveniat:
2. cum nobis : with 77ie. whether it is Jittiftg, an Indi-
The plural of the pronoun is rect Question. The subject of
sometimes used in Latin, as conveniat is the infinitive fol-

in English, to denote one lowing.

person. 7. sententia, etc. : the sub-

3. in promptu: at hand. of those words is as fol-

sta7ice

4. sedeat hie potius : let lows. The argument, as far as

this }nan rather take the seat. exoriri, is given in indirect
absque praeiiidicio with-
5. : form; that is, in Indirect Dis-

out prejudice., i.e. without pre- course.

 "

LATIN READER 33

iura^ cum filiorum qui in magistratu sunt potestatibus

conlata, interquiescere paululum, sed extra rem pu-
blicam,^ in domestica re atque vita, in convlvio quoque
familiari, inter fllium magistratum et patrem privatum
publicos honores cessare, natiirales exorlri. " Hoc
5

igitur," inquit, " quod ad

quod conloqui- me venistis,
mur nunc, privata actio est. Itaque sequimini apud
me hos honores prius quos domi quoque vestrae vos
sequi decet.^

39. Alexander s Horse

Equus Alexandri regis et capite et nomine^ Bu- 10

cephalus^ fuit Emptum^ Chares scripsit talentis
tredecim^ et regi Philippo donatum hoc autem
aeris nostri summa est sestertia trecenta duodecim.^
Super hoc equo dlgnum memoria visum, quod, ubi

1. patrum iura . . . : the head," i.e. a broad head.

rights of fathers compared 6. emptum: esse is under-
(conlata) with the powers of stood. This is the indirect
sons who are in public office form (Indirect Discourse) of
relax somewhat. what Chares wrote.
2. extra rem publicam: 7. talentis tredecim : Abla-
outside public life. tive of Price, for thirteen tal-
3. decet : it is fitting. The ents.
subject is sequi. 8. A sestertium was a thou-

4. capite et n5mine : Abla- sand sesterces. As the sesterce

tive of Specification. amounted to about five cents
5. Biicephalus: the word of our money, the 3 12,000 ses-
means " having an ox-like terces represented $15,600.
GALL. LAT. READ. 3
34 LATIN READER

ornatus erat armatusque ad proelium, baud umquani

inscendi ^ sese ab alio, nisi ab rege, passus est.
Id etiam de isto equo memoratum est: Insidens ii

eo Alexander bello Indico et facinora faciens forti:

I . inscendi : to be moimted. \
 LATIN READER 35

in hostium cuneum non satis sibi providens^ se in-

misit. Coniectls undique in Alexandrum telis, vul-

neribus altis in cervlce atque in latere equus perfossus

est. Moribundus tamen ac prope iam exsanguis, e

mediis hostibus regem vivacissimo cursu rettulit, at- 5

que, ubi eum extra tela extulerat, ilico concidit, et,

domini iam superstitis securus,^ quasi cum sensus

human! solacio animam exspiravit.
Tum rex Alexander, parta ^ eius belli victoria, oppi-
dum in Tsdem locis condidit, idque ob equi honores 10

Bucephalon appellavit.

40. A Tribtuies Bravery

Pulchrum facinus M. Cato^ de 0. Caedicio^ tribuno
militum scriptum relinquit.^
Imperator Poenus in terra Sicilia, bello Cartha-
giniensi primo, contra Romanum exercitum progredi- 15

cur. Colles locosque idoneos prior occupat.^ Mllites

1. n5n satis sibi providens : been a synonym for stern and

giving little heed to his own uncompromising adherence to
safety. the manners and customs of
2. domini . . . seciirus : cer- "the good old times."
tain of his 7naster's safety. 5. This tribune is not other-
3. parta: perfect participle wise known.
of pario. 6. scriptum relinquit has :

4. Marcus Porcius Cato, left o)i record . The participle

who was born 234 B.C. and modifies facinus.
lived till 149. In his own time 7. prior occupat : is the first
and ever since his name has to seise.
 36 LATIN READER

Romani in locum periculosum pervenerunt. Tribu-

nus ad consulem venit et ostendit^ exitium de loci
importunitate et hostium circumstantia maturum.
"Si rem," inquit, " servare vis,^ quadringentos
s mllites ad verrucam illam sic enim Cato locum
editum asperumque appellat ire^ iubebis, eamque
uti occupent^ imperabis. Hostes profecto, ubi id

viderint, uni illi negotio sese dabunt, atque illl omnes

quadringenti procul dubio obtruncabuntur. Tunc in-

to terea, occupatis in ea caede hostibus, exercitum ex

hoc loco educere poteris. Alia nisi haec salutis via
nulla est."
C5nsul tribuno respondit consilium quidem istud
aeque^ providens^ sibi videri. " Sed istos," inquit,
[5 " mllites quadringentos ad eum locum in hostiurr
"
cuneos quis ducere volet ?
"Si alium," inquit tribunus, "neminem repperis,
me licet ^ ad hoc periculum mittere ego banc tibi el ;

rel publicae animam do."

JO Consul tribuno gratias agit.^ Tribunus et quad-

1. ostendit . . . : and the object of impero is a clause

points out the immediate de- with the subjunctive.
striiction of the army because of 4. As advisable to him as

the nnsuitableness of its positiofi to the tribune.

and the nearness of the enemy. 5. providens : advisable.
2. vis: present indicative 6. licet . . . : // is per-
of volo. mitted to se7id me^ or, in better

3. ire: the object of iubeo ^w^\<^., yon may send jne.

is regularly an infinitive, but 7. gratias agit : thanks.
 LATIN READER 37

ringenti ad mortem proficlscuntur. Hostes eorum

audaciam demiraiitur. Ouorsum ire R5manl per-
gant^ exspectant. Sed ubi apparuit- eos ad earn
verrucam iter intendere, mittit adversum ill5s impera-
tor Carthaginiensis peditatum equitatumque, qu5s in 5

exercitu viros habuit strenuissimds. RomanI mllites

circumveniuntur ; circumventi repugnant. Fit proe-
lium diu anceps. Tandem superat multitudo. Quad-
ringentl omnes, perfossi gladiis aut missilibus operti,
cadunt. Consul interim se'in locos tutos atque editos 10

subducit.
Dil immortales tribuno militum fortunam ex^ vir-
tute eius dedere. Nam ita evenit : saucius multifa-
riam ibi factus est, tamen vulnus capiti nullum evenit,
eumque inter mortuos, defatlgatum vulneribus, cog- 15

novere. Eum sustulere, isque saepeque

convaluit,
postea operam rei publicae fortem atque strenuam
praehibuit. Quod illos milites subduxit, exercitum
ceterum servavit.

41. Androchis and the Lion

Apion,^ doctus homo, vidisse se Romae scrIpsit2o
recognitionem inter sese mutuam ex vetere notitia

1. quorsum pergant an in- : dejit that they were directing

direct question dependent on their course.
exspectant. 3. ex: iti accordance with.
2. but when it became evi- 4. A Greek grammarian
 38 LATIN READER

hominis et leonis, banc recognitionem neque audi-

et
visse neque sed ipsum sese in urbe Roma
legisse,
vidisse oculls suls conflrmabat/ Apion ita narrat
In Circo Maximo pugna- populo dabatur. Eius
5 rel, Romae cum forte essem, spectator f uT. Multae
ibi saevientes ferae erant, sed praeter alia omnia

leonum immanitas admiration!^ fuit praeterque omnis

ceteros unus.
Is unus leo corporis vastitudine terrificoque fremitii
lo animos oculosque omnium in sese converterat. Intro-
ductus erat inter complurTs ceteros ad pugnam bestia-
rum datos servus viri consularis. Servl Androclus
nomen fuit.
Hunc ille leo ubi vidit procul, repente quasi admi-
15 rans stetit, ac deinde sensim atque placide ad hominem
accedit.
Tum caudam more atque ritu adulantium canum
clementer et blande movet, hominisque se corpori
adiungit, cruraque eius et manus, prope iam exani-
20 mat! ^*
metu, lingua leniter demulcet. Homo Andro-
clus inter ilia tam atrocis ferae blandimenta amissum
animum^ recuperat. Paulatim oculos ad leonem
whose writings have perished tween the Palatine and the.

except some fragments Hke this Aventine.

preserved by Aulus Gellius. 3. admirationi : Dative oi

1. declared positively. Service; translate. W(2j- ^ ^//J^

2. This was evidently one ofivo7ider.

of the great shows given in the 4. exanimati : modifies eius.,

colossal Circus Maximus be- 5. animum : senses. j

 LATIN READER 39

refert. Turn, quasi mutua recognitione facta, lacti

et gratulabundi homo et leo fuerunt.

Ea re tam admirabilT maximi populi clamores excitati

sunt. Arcessitus a C. Caesare Androclus, quaesitaque

est causa, cur illi atrocissimus led unl parslsset.^ Ibi 5

Androclus rem mirificam narrat atque admirandam :

Provinciam, inquit, Africam meus dominus ob-

tinebat, et ego ibi iniquis eius et cotldianls verberibus

I. parsisset : from parco ; verb of an indirect question.

 40 LATIN READER

ad fugam sum coactus. Ut mihi a domino, terrae

illius praeside, tutiores latebrae essent, in camp5rum
et arenarum solitudines concessi.
Tum,
sole rabido et flagranti, in specum quandam,
5remotam latebrosamque, me penetro et recondo.
Neque multo post ad eandem specum venit hie leo,
debili uno et cruento pede, gemitus edens et murmura.
Atque illic prim5 quidem conspectu advenientis leonis
territus est mens animus. Sed postquam introgressus
loleo in habitaculum illud suum videt me procul de-
litescentem, mitis et mansues accessit, et sublatum^
pedem ostendere mihi et porgere coepit.
Ibi ego stirpem ingentem, vestigio pedis eius hae-
rentem, revelli saniemque vulnere intimo^ expressi
15 accuratiusque sine magna iam formidine siccavi peni-
tus atque detersi cruorem. lUe tunc mea opera leva-
tus, pede in manibus mels posito, recubuit et quievit,
atque ex eo die triennium ego et leo in eadem specu
eodemque victu vixiraus.
20 Nam, quas venabatur feras, membra opimiora
earum ad specum mihi^ subgerebat, quae ego, ignis
copiam non habens, meridiand s5le torrens edebam.
Sed ubi mihi vitae illius ferlna non iam grata fuit,
leone in venatum profecto,^ reliquT specum et, viam
25 ferme tridui permensus, a militibus visus adprehen-

1. sublatum: from toUo. 3. mihi: /or 7J!e.

2. vulnere intimo : /ro;;r ///e 4. profecto: from proficis-

inmost part of the wound. cor.

 1

LATIN READER 4

susque sum et ad dominum ex Africa Romam de-

ductus. Is me statim ad bestias ^ dedit.

Haec dixit Androclus, eaque omnia popul5 declarata

sunt, atque ideo, cunctis petentibus, dimissus est An-
droclus et poena solutus,^ le5que ei suffragils populi s

donatus est. Postea videbamus ^ Androclum et leonem,

loro tenui revinctum, urbe tota circum tabernas Ire,
donarl aere Androclum, floribus spargi leonem, omnes
ubique dicere :
" Hic est leo hospes hominis, hic est
hom5 medicus leonis." ic

42. A Little Bird Teaches Self-reliance

Aesopus,^ ille e Phrygia fabulator, baud immerito

sapiens existimatus est, nam quae utilia erant,^ non
severe neque imperi5se praecepit, ut philosophis mos
est, sed res salubres in mentes animosque hominum
cum quadam inlecebra induit. Haec eius fabula de
aviculae nidulo lepide atque iucunde monet, spem^

1. ad bestias: of the Greek writer of the latter half

arena. of the sixth century B.C.

2. solutus : from solvo. 5. The philosophers teach
3. videbamus: we used to sternly and arbitrarily, but
see. Aesop both teaches and de-
4. Little is known about lights.

Aesop, whose name is con- 6. spem . . . : the teach-

nected with so many fables. ing of the story is here given
He is supposed to have been a in the indirect form.
 42 LATIN READER

haud umquam in alio, sed in semetips5^ habendam

esse.
Avicula, inquit, est parva, cui est nomen cassita.
Habitat nidulaturque in segetibus, eo fere ^ tempore,
5 ut appetat messis pullis iam iam plumantibus. Ea
cassita in sementibus forte nldum fecerat tempesti-
vioribus.^ Propterea, frumentis flavescentibus, pulli
etiam tunc involucres erant.
Dum igitur ipsa iret ut cibum pullis quaereret, eos

lo ita monet :
'*
Si quid f let aut dicetur/ animadvertite,
ut mihi, ubi redlbo, nuntietis,"
'*
Dominus segetum illarum filium vocat et " Vide !

inquit, "haec seges ematuruit et manus iam postulat

Idcirco eras, ubi primum diluculabit,^ roga amicos
15 nostros ut veniant et banc messim nobis metant."
Haec ubi ille dixit, discessit. Atque ubi redit cas-
sita, pulli tremibundi orant matrem, ut iam statim
properet inque alium locum sese asportet. " Nam
dominus," inquiunt, " amlc5s rogavit uti luce oriente

20 veniant et metant."

1. in one's own self. -met feathering out. pullis pluman-

is sometimes used to emphasize tibus is" Ablative Absolute.
the pronouns, and occasion- 3. in sementibus . . . tem-
ally, as here, ipse is added to pestivioribus : in the earlier
give increased emphasis. gf'^^'h ^-^- that ripens earlier.
2. e5 fere . . , : usually 4. si quid fiet aut dicetur:
at such a time that the harvest whatever is said or done.
isapproaching when the young 5. ubi primum diluculabit:

birds are just on the point of- as soon as it is light.

 LATIN READER 43

Mater iubet eos otioso animo^ esse: *' Si enim

dominus," inquit, ** messim ad amlcos reicit, eras
seges non metetur neque necesse est hodie uti vos
auferam."

Die poster5 mater in pabulum volat. Dominus 5

quos rogaverat exspectat. Sol fervit, et fit nihil. It

I. otios5 animo :
of cabn 7?nfid, Ablative of Characteristic.
 44 LATIN READER

dies, et amlci rursum ad

nulll veniunt. Turn ille

filium : "Amici Quin

isti," inquit, "cessatores sunt.
potius imus^ et c5gnat6s adfinesque nostros rogamus,
"
ut adsint eras et metant ?
5 Itidem hoc .pulli pavefacti matri nuntiant. Mater
hortatur ut turn quoque sine metu ac sine cura sint.
"CognatI adfinesque nulli ferme tarn sunt obsequi-
biles," ait, "ut^ nihil cunctentur et statim dicto oboe-
diant. Vos modo advertite, si quid denuo dicetur."
lo Aha luce orta, avis in pastum profecta est. Cog-
natl et adflnes operam, quam dare rogati sunt, non
dederunt. Ad postremum igitur dominus filio " Va- :

leant," ^ inquit, " amlcI cum proplnquls. Adferes

prima luce duas falces. Unam egomet^ mihi, et tu
istibi capies alteram, et frumentum nosmetipsi^ mani-
bus nostris eras metemus."
Id ubi ex pullis dixisse dominum mater audivit,
"Tempus," inquit, "est cedere et abire. Fiet nunc
dubio procul id quod dixit." Atque ita cassita nidum
20 migravit ; seges a domino demessa est.

Haec est Aesopi fabula de amicorum et propTnquo-

rum lev! plerumque et inani f Tducia. Hanc Aesopi f abu-
1am Q. Ennius venuste versibus composuit, quorum ^

1. quin potius imus : why to frietids and relatives

do we not go rather? 4. See note i, p. 42.
2. ut . . . cunctentur: that 5. quorum . . . est: the
they will not hesitate at all. last of which it is worth while
3. valeant . . . : good-by to have in mind.
 LATIN READER 45

postremum habere cordi et memoriae operae pretium

est:
Ne quid^ exspectes amicos, quod tute^ agere
possies.^

43. Large TJioughts in Few Words

Si vis ad summum ^ progredi, ab infimo^ ordire.^ \

Seneca.^
Tra furor brevis est. Horace/
Dimidium^ Horace.
facti qui coepit habet.

N5n ignara mall miserls succurrere

^ disc5.
Vergil. ^^

Aliena oculis habemus a tergo nostra

vitia in ; sunt.
Seneca.
1. quid, amicos: exspecto 7. Quintus Horatius Flaccus,
has here two accusatives, the whose lyric poetry is still read
usual construction with verbs in all collegiate classical courses,

of asking, demanding, etc. 8. We say. Well begun is

2. lute : you yourself, -te half done.

has the force of -met. 9. non ignara mali : not
3. possies : an old form iinacguamted with misfortune
equivalent to possis. myself I learn, etc. Dido
4. ad summum : to the top. utters the sentiment ; hence
ab infimo : at the bottom. the feminine form, ignara.
. 5. Imperative of ordior. 10. Publius Vergilius Maro,
6. The author of this senti- whose epic poem, the Aeneid.,
ment is Lucius Annaeus Seneca, has been for nearly twenty cen-
the moralist and philosopher turies an important factor in
who became the. tutor of Nero. liberal culture.
 46 LATIN READER

Potentissimus est qui se habet in potestate.

Seneca.
Est profecto Deus qui quae nos gerimus audit et
videt.
Plautus.^
Magnum iter adscendo, sed dat mihi gloria vires.
Propertius.^
5 Nisi utile est quod facimus, stulta est gloria.
Phaedrus.^
Cineri^ gloria sera est. Martial.^
Gloria virtutem tamquam umbra sequitur.
Cicero.^
Amicum perdere damnorum maximum.
est
Syrus J
Degeneres animos timor Vergil. arguit.
lo Stultorum eventus magister Livy.'
* est.

Genus mortis male

est Ovid." vivere.^*^

1. Titus Maccius Plautus, Romans from Nero to Trajan.

an eady writer of comedies. 6. Marcus Tullius Cicero,
2. A poet who lived in the orator and whose
statesman,
second half of the last century works are numerous and valu-
B.C. able.
3. Phaedrus put into verse 7 . Publilius Syrus, possibly :

form some of the fables of a slave, whose name is con-

Aesop. nected with many pithy sayings.
4. cineri: ashes, i.e. the 8. eventus : experience.
ashes of the dead. 9. Titus Livius, the great-
5. Marcus Valerius Mar- est of the Roman historians.
tialis, the epigrammatist whose 10. Evil living is a kind of \

work is valuable for the infor- death

mation it gives of the life of the 1 . Publius Ovidius Naso,
 LATIN READER 47

Ride, SI sapis. Martial.

Magnum est vectigal parsimonia.^ Cicero.
Leva fit quod bene fertur onus.- Ovid.
Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori. Horace.
Calamitas virtutis ^ occasio est. Seneca. 5

Memoria est thesaurus omnium rerum et custos.

Cicero.
Si vis amarl, ama. Seneca.
Homo doctus in se semper divitias habet.
Phaedrus.
Ubicumque hom5 est, ibi beneficio locus ^ est.
Seneca.
Homo^ sum, et nihil human! aHenum a me put5. n
Terentius.^
Nihil aliud ebrietas quam voluntaria Insania.
est ^

Seneca.
Nihil amas cum ingratum amas. Plautus.
Beneficium accipere libertatem estvendere. Syrus.
Faber^ est suae quisque fortunae. Sallust.

who wrote charming but rather 5- Publius Terentius Afer,

light verse in the golden period who lived later than Plautus,
of Roman literature. and wrote comedies in more
1. parsimonia: Mrz//. polished form.
2. virtutis : virtuous actio7i. 6. Because the drunkard
3. \ocvLs: opportunity. becomes intoxicated by his own
4. Iain a hujftan being, and act.

nothing belonging to Juunanity 7. We say architect ; the

do / regard as oidside my Romans said sjnith. Gaius
interest. Crispus Sallustius wrote history.
48 LATIN READER

Nemo Seneca.
iTber est qui corpori servit.^
Veritas numquam Seneca.
perit.
Alienum aes homini acerba ^ Syrus.
est servitus.
Audendo^ virtus tardando^ timor. Syrus.
crescit,
Cuivis dolor!" remedium Syrus.
est patientia.
Dellberand5^ saepe Syrus.
perit occasi5.
Malum est consilium quod mutarl non potest.
Syrus.
Numquam perlculum sine perlculo vincitur.
Syrus.
Stultum est querl de adversls,^ ubi culpa est tua.
Syrus.J
1. is a slave to. 4. cuivis dolori: for any \
2. Another'' s mo?tey was the pain whatever. 1

regular expression for ^^^/. 5. de adversis : about ad-

3. Ablative of the gerund. versity.
 4

TALES OF EARLY ROME

44. Aeneas comes to Italy

Troia capta/ Aeneas cum patre ^ et paucis comi-

tibus f ugerunt, et alium locum domicilio ^
quaerebant

I. Tr5ia capta: after the one of the Trojan chiefs, was

fall of Troy. The Greeks the real founder of the Roman
"nade war upon Troy, and after power.
I siege of ten years captured 2. The father, Anchises, did
|he city through the stratagem not live to reach the shores of
)f the wooden horse. Accord- Italy.
ng to Roman legend, Aeneas, 3. domicilio : for a ho?;ie.

GALL. LAT. READ. 49

 50 ^ LATIN READER

Septem annos errabant. Denique ad 5stium Tiberis

pervenerunt, et cum Latino, rege incolarum illius

regionis/ pacem fecerunt. LatTnus Aeneae filiam

Laviniam in matrimonium dedit. Troiani oppidum
5 condiderunt, quod Aeneas a nomine uxoris Lavi-
nium ^ appellavit. Vergilius,^ poeta clarissimus, multa
scrlpsit de Troiae exitio et de eis rebus quas Aeneas
in Italia fecit.
Post Aeneae mortem Ascanius, filius Aeneae, reg-
ie nabat. Hic sedem regni in alium locum transtulit,
urbemque condidit in monte Albano, eamque Albam
Longam '*
appellavit. Haec urbs longa erat et alba,
qua de causa ^ nomen Alba Longa ei datum est.

Multae coloniae deductae sunt alia in loca.

1. The country between than the fever-infested low-

Rome and the sea. lands around Lavinium.
2. Lavinium remained a 5. qua. de C3iusa. :
/or 'w/i2cA

long time in existence and its reason.

site is still occupied. 6. The Romans spread their
3. Publius Vergilius Maro influence rapidly through colo-
author of the Aeneid and other nies sent wherever an opening
poems. presented itself. Each colony
Nothing remains of Alba
4. was a miniature Rome. These]
Longa. The town lay along facts account for the extent
the shore of beautiful Lake and the permanency of Romani
Alba on the mountains, in a occupation and civilization ini
much more healthful location the ancient world.
 LATIN READE%o*^TON UMWEHSt^fY

UeRARY

45. Rome Fo2tnded

Silvio^ erant duo filii, Numitor et Amulius. Hie,

amore imperi adductus,^ pulso"^ fratre, solus regnabat.
Addit scelerl scelus, nam filium Numitoris interficit,

1. Silvio : Dative. Render, influenced by love of pOTver.

Silvius had tiuo sons. 3. pulso : ha7>ing driven
2. amore imperi adductus : from the throne.
 52 LATIN READER

gemin5s filids Rheae Silviae, filiae Numitoris, rex

et
improbus iussit in Tiberim abicl.
E5 tempore aqua Tiberis ultra rlpas fluebat. Aqua
refluens^ pueros in sicco reliquit. Lupa quae prae-
steribat pueros curavit d5nec Faustulus, pastor illius
regi5nis, eos sustulit, et uxori dedit.
Sic duo puerl, quibus erant nomina R5mulus et
Remus, inter pastores educati sunt.^ Forte compe-
rerunt quis ips5rum avus esset. Amulium interfece-
lo runt, etNumitorl regnum restituerunt. Tum urbem
condiderunt in monte^ prope Tiberim, ubi educati
erant, quam urbem Romam vocabant.

46. Romans and Sabines Fight

Itaque Sabini ^ bellum parant et arcem ^ occupant.

Exercitus Romanus in campum,^ ubi nunc Forum
15 Romanum est, descendit. Sabini, Mettio Curti5 du-
cente, idem fecerunt. Proelium commissum est.
Hostius Hostilius, princeps Romanorum, cecidit.
Confestim acies Romana inclmabatur fusaque est.

1. refluens : when it /lowed been stolen by inhabitants of

back, i.e. into its accustomed the new settlement on the Pala-
channel. tine. The Sabines therefore
2. educati sunt: were made war.
brought tip. 5. arcem : the Capitoline.
3. The Palatine. 6. campum: only a marshy
4. Some Sabine maids had valley at that time.
 LATIN READER 53

Romulus, ipse turba f ugientium actus/ arma ad^ cae-

lum tollens ita precatus est '* luppiter, hie in Palatio:

prima urbi fundamenta ieci. Arcem iam Sabini ha-

bent. Inde hue tendunt.^ At tu, pater deorum homi-
numque, hinc arce^ hostes. Deme terrorem Romanls.^ 5

Hanc fugam foedam siste. Hie ego tibi templum

voveo." Haec precatus Romulus, *' Romani," inquit,
" luppiter resistere atque iterare pugnam iubet."
Restiterunt Romani, tamquam caelesti voce iussi.
Romulus ipse ad primores pr5volat. Mettius Curtius 10

egerat Romanes quantum toto for5 spatium est^ et

non procul a porta PalatTerat, clamitans:^ " Vicimus
perfidos Romanes. Virgines rapere possunt, sed
cum virls pugnare non possunt " In eum ita glori- !

antem Romulus cum globo ferocissimorum iuvenum 15

impetum fecit. Pulsum^ eum Romani persequuntur.
Et alia Romana acies, audacia regis accensa, fundit
Sabin5s. In media convalle ^ duorum montium
Romani Sabinique diu et acriter pugnant.

1. ipse . . . actus: himself 6. quantum . . .est: liter-

carried alo7ig by the confused ally, as 7nuch space as there is

thro7ig offugitives. in the entire forum; better

2. ad toward.
: English, the entire length of
3. tendunt : are directing the foriun.
their course. 7. clamitans : frequenta-
4. arce : from arceo. tive, shouting repeatedly.
5. Romanis : in the dative 8. pulsum from pello.
:

case, but translate, from the 9. in media convalle : iji

Romans. the center of the valley.

 54 LATIN READER

Turn Sabinae mulieres, crinibus passis,^ inter tela

volantia se inferunt, et hinc patres, hinc viros orant
ut finem pugnae faciant. Silentium et repentina

quies fit. Inde prodeunt duces et foedus faciunt.

5 Non pacem modo, sed civitatem unam ex duabus
faciunt, nam Sabinl in urbem Romam a Romanis
recepti sunt.

47. Message from Romtihis

Multis immortalibus operibus^ factis a Romulo,
magna tempestas subito coorta est cum magno
1. passis : from pando. founding and organizing the
2. immortalibus operibus : city.
 LATIN READER 55

fragSre tonitribusque, et regem tarn dens5 nimbd

operuit ut conspectum eius abstulerit.^ Nee deinde in

terris fuit Romulus. Postquam ex tarn turbido die

serena et tranquilla lux rediit, vacuam sedem regiam
vlderunt^ Romani. 5

Faucis post diebus Romanus quidam, Pr5culus

nomine, in contionem prodit. ''Romulus," inquit,
"parens huius urbis, prima hodierna luce^ caelo
repente delapsus, me ita adlocutus est :
'
Abl ;
nuntia
Romanis caelestes velle ^ ut mea Roma caput orbis lo

terrarum sit. Proinde rem militarem colant, et

posterTs tradant ^ nullas opes humanas armis Rdmanis
resistere posse.' Haec locutus, sublimis^ abiit."

48. Trouble with Alba Longa

Albani priores^ in agrum Romanum impetum
fecerunt. Castra ab urbe quinque milia ^ passuum 15

1. abstulerit: verb of a re- 4- caelestes velle: that the

suit clause. heavenly ones desire.

2. Some believed that Rom- 5- colant et tradant : let

ulus was killed in the storm by them therefore ctdtivate 7nili-

jealous senators, while others tary art and teach their de-

held that he had been carried scendants.

to the heavens. The story told 6. sublimis : ^;/ /z/^/^.

here strengthened the latter 7. priores, etc. : were the

opinion. fifst to )nake an attack. Rob-
3. prima hodierna luce: at bery had caused hostilities.

the beginning of this morning's 8. quinque milia: Accusa-

light. tive of Extent.
 56 LATIN READER

locant. Fossa circumdant. Fossa Cluilia ab nomine

ducis per aliquot saecula appellata est, donee cum re

nomen quoque vetustate abolevit.^ In his castrls

CluTlius rex moritur. Dictatdrem Albanl Mettium
5 Fufetium creant. I

Interim Tullus, nocte praeteritis hostium castrls, in :

agrum Albanum pergit, quae res ab castris Mettium

excivit. Albanus dictator ducit milites quam celer-

rime ad hostem. Inde legatum praemissum nuntiare

loTullo iubet, opus esse conloquio.^ Tullus suas copias
educit. Exeunt contra Albani.
Cum paucTs procerum in medium duces procedunt.
Ibi Infit Albanus :

" ST vera potius quam speciosa dicenda sunt,^ cupido

15 imperi duos c5gnat6s vTcInosque populos ad arma
stimulat. Utrum recte an perperam, ego non inter-

pretor.'* Unum te, Tulle, monitum vol5.^ Tu scis

1. donee . . . abolevit : tm- arguments, then it must be

til with the ditch itself the 7tame frankly admitted that lust for
also went out of use in the course power is at the root of their

of time. quarrel ; and the powerful

2. opus esse conloquio : that Etruscans will destroy the
there was 7ieed of a conference. two rivals when they are ex-
conloquio is a peculiar use of the hausted with fighting each
Ablative, regularly occurring in other.
this expression. 4. ego non interpretor : /
3. Mettius declares, in sub- do not undertake to say.
stance, that if they are to dis- 5. unum . . . vol5 : / wish
cuss facts rather than specious yon wariied of one thing.
 LATIN READER 57

magis quam ego quanta Etrusca res circa n5s teque

maxime quoniam propior es Tuscis.^ Multum
sit,

illi terra, plurimum marl possunt. Memor esto, cum

signum pugnae dabis, Etrusc5s has duas acies specta-
tur5s esse, ut fessos confectosque, simul victdrem et 5

victum, adgrediantur. Itaque, quoniam, n5n con-

tent!^ libertate certa, in dubiam imperi servitique
aleam^ imus, ineamus^ aliquam viam qua sine multo
^
sanguine decerni possit."

49. The Horatii and Curia Hi

Res TuUo placet. Fortuna viam monstravit, nam 10

forte in duobus exercitibus erant trigemini fratres,

Horatii et Curiatii. Cum his agunt^ reges ut pro
sua quisque patria dimicent ferro.
Trigemini arma capiunt, et in medium inter duas
acies procedunt. Sign5 dat5, term iuvenes con- 15

currunt. Statim duo RomanI aUus super ahum ex-

spirantes ceciderunt. Tres Albani vulneratl sunt.
1. propior Tuscis : the 5. decerni possit: the inat-
Roman should understand ier can be settled.
the dangerous situation better 6. res : refers to the sug-
since he was nearer the Etrus- gestion of Mettius, that the two
cans. kings find a way of adjusting
2. content! : modifies the their diiTerences without los-
subject of imus. ing so many soldiers that they

3. aleam: struggle -, liter- might both fall before the Tus-

ally,a throw of the dice. cans.
4. ineamus: letusfitid. 7. agunt : arrange.
 58 LATIN READER

Romanes iam spes tota deserebat. Unum Horatium

tres Curiatil circumsteterant. Forte is integer fuit,

sed, ut distraheret^ hostes, fugit.

lam aliquantum spat! fugerat, cum videtunum e

5 Curiatiis baud procul ab sese abesse. In eum magnc
impetu rediit et eum interfecit. Alterum deinde
necavit.
lam singull- supererant, sed nee spe nee viribus

I. ut distraheret : the pur- might deal with his foes singly

pose of his fleeing, so that he 2, singuli : one on each side
 LATIN READER 59

)arcs.^ Nee illud proelium fuit. Romanus Curiatium

iccidit. Romani gratulantes Horatium domum dedu-
Lint.

Sepulehra exstant, quo loeo quisque ceeidit, duo

lomana uno loeo propius Albam, tria Albana 5

vomam versus.^

50. Treachery of the Alban King

Sed n5n diu mansit pax.^ Mettius Fufetius, dux
Albanorum, se invidiosum ^ apud elves videbat, quod
lellum uno paueorum eertamine finivisset.^ Ut rem
orrigeret, Veientes et Fidenates adversus Romanos 10

oncitavit.
Tullus Mettia^ imperat ut eeleriter veniat. Duos
;xereitus eontra hostes rex Romanus dueit. Ubi
\nienem transiit, eastra ponit. Inter eum loeum et

^idenas exercitus Veientium Tiberim transierat. Hi 15

n acie prope flumen tenebant dextrum eornu in ;

dnistro Fidenates propius montes eonsistunt.^ Tullus

1. nee spe nee viribus pares : 5. finivisset : the reason

iinceone was wounded while of the critics, hence the sub-
he other was uninjured. junctive.
2. Romam versus : toward 6. rem : his unpopularity.
RoDie. 7. Mettio : he is now the
3. pax: the peace which fol- vassal of Tullus and must help
owed the contest of the Horatii fight his battles.
md Curiatii did not last lonoj. 8. eonsistunt : take their

4. invidiosum: impopular. position.

 6o LATIN READER

adversus Veientes derigit suos ; Albanos contra exer-

citum Fidenatium conlocat.
j

Metti5^ non plus animi erat quam fidei. Nee

manere nee aperte transire^ ausus est. Itaque sensim
5 ad montes succedit. Inde, ut tereret tempus,^ ordines
explicat. Consilium eius erat, eventum proeli exspec-
tare et vict5rem sequi.
R5manl, qui proximi stabant, territi sunt, ut latera
sua nudarl digressu sociorum senserunt. Eques, equc
lo citato,'' nuntiat Tull5 abire Albanos. Clara voce, u1

hostes exaudlrent, Tullus equitem increpat his verbis:'

" Redi in proelium. Meo iussu Albani ita faciunt, u1

nuda terga Fidenatium invadant."

Terror ad hostes transit, nam vocem claram regij
15 Roman! audiverant, et magna pars Fidenatium Latini
sciebant.'^ Itaque, ne subito ex collibus decursi
Albanorum intercluderentur ab oppido, terga vertunt
Tullus, fus5 Fidenatium cornu, in Veientes redit. Ill

impetum non tulerunt. Alii arma foede iactantes ir

1. Metiins had 710 7nore of the Albans, which appears

courage than fidelity. to leave the Roman right ex-,
2. transire: to the Fide- posed, is an offensive
really

nates. movement planned by himself

3. ut tereret tempus : to to shut the Fidenates off from a

gain tifne. possible retreat into their town.

4. equo citato: with his 6. transit: from the Ro-
horse at full speed. mans to their foes.

5. Tullus shouts to the 7. Latine sciebant : U7ider-

messenger that the movement stood the Latin la7iguage.

 LATIN READER 6l

quam caecl ruebant ; alii, dum cunctantur in ripis,

titer fugae pugnaeque consilium, oppress! sunt.

Turn Albanus exercitus, spectator certaminis, in
;amp6s a Mettio deductus est. Mettius Tull5 gratu-
atur. Contra^ Tullus Mettium benigne adloquitur, 5

;t Albanos castris Romanis se iungere iubet. Sacri-

icium lustrale ^ in diem posterum parat. ^

51. Punishment of a Traitor

Ubi inluxit,^ Tullus utrumque exercitum ^ vocari ad
I

;6nti6nem iubet. Praecones, ab extreme orsi,^ primos

/ocaverunt Albanos. Hi, ut regem Romanum con- 10

ionantem audirent, proximi constiterunt. Armata

egio Romana circumdatur. Centuri5nibus neg5tium
latum erat, ut sine mora imperia exsequerentur.
Fum ita infit Tullus :

" Roman!, s! umquam ull5 in bello, primum dis 15

mmortalibus, deinde vestrae virtut!, gratias agere de-

Debatis,^ id hesternum proelium fuit. Dimicavistis
2nim non magis cum hostibus quam cum proditione

1. t^xi\xl.\ in reply. lowing the battle.

2. sacrificium lustrale : 5. utrumque exercitum:
purification rites, after so the Roman army and their

nuch bloodshed. Alban allies.

3. in diem posterum: for 6. orsi : participle of ordior.

'he following day. 7. gratias agere debebatis :

4. inliizit : on the day fol- you ought to thank.

 62 LATIN READER

ac perfidia sociorum. Nam, iie v5s falsa opinic

teneat, iniussu meo Albanl subierunt ad montes
Ea culpa non oinniuQi Albanorum est; ducem secut
sunt. Mettius ille est ductor itineris huius. Mettiuj
idem machinator huius belli est.
^
Mettius foederis
Roman! Albanlque ruptor est."

Centuriones armati Mettium circumsistunt. Turn

Tullus
"Albani, mihi est in animo populum omnem Al-
[o banum tradiicere Romam,- et unam urbem facere.

I. idem: also. 2. Romam : to R

 LATIN READER 63

Jt ex un5 quondam in duos populos Albana res^

livisa est,- sic nunc in unum redibit."

AlbanT, inermes et ab armatis saepti, silentium

:enent. Turn rex Romanus :

Metti Fufeti,^ tu non potes discere fidem ac foedera

" 5

jervare. Itaque mitem disciplinam adhibere ego non

Dossum. Quoniam tuum ingenium Insanabile est, tu5
supplicia doce humanum genus ea sancta credere,
:iuae a te violata sunt. Ut paulo ante animum inter
Fldenates Romanosque ancipitem gessisti, ita iam '
10

:orpus passim distrahetur."

Duabus quadrigis admotis, Mettium, deinde
inligat

in diversum iter^ equi concitati sunt, lacerum corpus

iportantes, a quo spectaculo omnes oculos averterunt.

52. Captured by Trickery

Urbem Gabi5s Tarqulnius Superbus cepit fraude^is

Sexti fill, qui ad Gabinos se contulit, patris saevitiam^
in se conquerens.

1 . Albana res : the Alban site directions,

commonwealth. 5- fraude : through the

2. divisaest: at the found- trickery.

ing of Rome. 6. patris saevitiam: it was
3. Metti Fufeti : remem- said that he even showed self-

ber how proper names in -ius inflicted wounds, which he

form the vocative. claimed had been inflicted by
4. in diversum iter :/// i^//^- the king.
 64 LATIN READER

Benigne a Gabinis exceptus, paulatim eorum

benevolentiam consequitur. Ad postremum^ dux
belli factus est.
Turn e suls unum^ ad patrem mittit, qui rogabal
5 quid vellet. Pater nuntid fill respondit nihil, sed in

hortum transiit, ubi inambulans, sequente nuntio,'

altissima papaverum capita decussit baculo.
Nuntius, fessus exspectando, '*
rediit Gabios;
Sextus, cognito silentio patris et facta, intellexit quid
lo vellet pater. Itaque primores civitatis interfecit
patrique urbem sine proelio tradidit.

53. HoratIMS at the Bridge

1

Tarquinius^ Porsennam, regem Clusi,^ fugr'

ad
et Etruscos orabat ne se exsulare paterentur. Hi;
precibus auditis, Porsenna magno cum exerciti
15 Romam profectus est.

Non umquam alias ante tantus terror senaturr

occupavit, adeo validum turn Clusium erat magnum
que Porsennae nomen.
I

1. ad postremum: finally. 5. Gabios : Limit of Motion

2. e suis unum: one of his 6. After Tarquin's expul
staff. sion from Rome he made sev
3. sequente nuntio : Abla- eral attempts to regain the

tive Absolute, the ?nesse?iger throne.

following hi7n. 7. Clusium was among the
4. fessus exspectando : wea- most famous of the Tuscan
ried by waitifig. cities.
 : :

LATIN READER 65

R5manl ex agris in urbem demigrant et earn prae-

iidiis saepiunt. Pons sublicius^ hostibus iter dare
DOterat, sed virtus unius mllitis urbem ab hoc periculo

Iberavit.
Hie unus, Horatius nomine, positus forte in statione 5

iDontis,'^vTdit laniculum captum ab Etruscis et hostes

iecurrere ad pontem.
Milites praesidi perterritl arma ordinesque relin-

juunt. Hos Horatius reprehensans singulos ita

nonet 10

"
Nequiquam fugitis, praesidio deserto;^ nam, si

)ontem a tergd relinquetis, iam plus hostium in

r'alatio Capitolioque erunt quam in Ianicul5. Inter-
umpite pontem ferr5 aut igni. Ego impetum
lostium, quantum potero,^ excipiam." 15

Vadit inde in prlmum aditum pontis,^ et miraculo

pso audaciae hostes obstupefecit. Duo Romani,
Spurius Larcius et Titus Herminius nomine, secuti
>unt, pud5re adducti, et hi primam periculi procellam
justinebant. 20

Deinde, exigua parte relicta, eis qui pontem

1. pons sublicius : this bridge forsake your post.

:onnected the city with the 4. quantum potero : as far
Etruscan side of the river. as I can.
2. positus in statione pon- 5, primum aditum pontis
is : statmied on picket duty at the begijtning of the approach
he bridge. to the bridge^ on the Tuscan
3. praesidio deserto : if you side of the river.
GALL. LAT. READ. 5
 66 LATIN READER

rescindebant revocantibus/ Horatius du5s amlcos

suos cedere in tutum coegit.
Circumferens minaciter oculos ad proceres Etrus-
c5rum, nunc singulos provocat, nunc omnes increpat.

, /l/iijl I llflllllliHllM^^;^, I
Plp_

5 Aliquamdiu cunctatl sunt. Alius alium circum-

spectant.^ Pudor deinde aciem commovit, et clam5re
I. revocantibus : calling to 2. alius alium circumspec-!
the three Romans to hasten tant : t/iey look one toward an-
back before the bridge fell. other.
 LATIN READER 6/

sublato undique in unum hostem tela coniciunt. Sed

subito auditur fragor rupti pontis, et clamor R5mano-
rum impetum hostium sustinuit. Turn Horatius :

''Tiberine pater, te precor, haec arma et hunc

militem propitio flumine accipe." 5

Ita armatus in Tiberim desiluit et, multis superin-

cidentibus tells,^ incolumis ad suos tranavit.
Statua Horati in comitio posita est. Agri quantum
lino die circumarare potuit ei datum est.

54. Mucins Scaevola

Porsenna,primo conatu ^ repulsus, consiliis ab 10

oppugnatione ad obsidionem versis, praesidio in

laniculo locato, ipse in ripis Tiberis castra posuit.
C. Mucins, adulescens nobilis, penetrare in Etrus-
corum castra constituit. Senatum adit. " Transire
Tiberim," inquit, '*
et intrare, si potero, castra hostium 15

volo. Magnum, si di iuvant, in animo est facinus."

Approbant patres. Abdito intra vestem ferro, pro-
ficiscitur.

Ubi in hostium castra venit, in turba prope regium

tribunal constitit. Ibi stipendium militibus forte 20

dabatur. Mucins Porsennam ignorat, et scribam cum

1. multis superincidentibus Pons Sublicius which Horatius
telis: Ablative Absolute, //z^;/^// held so courageously. Por-
maiiy weapons fell above him. senna was compelled to resort
2. primo conatu: at the to a siege.
68 LATIN READER

rege sedentem interfecit.Comprehensus a regiis

custodibus, et ad regem deductus, Mucius " Romanus

,4*

''"' '

'in

sum," inqiiit, **civis; me Gaium Mucium vocant.

Hostis hostem ^
occidere volui, nee ad mortem minus
sanimi est quam fuit ad caedem. Et facere et pati

I. hostis hostem: Mucius asks for no favor.

 LATIN READER 69

fortia Romanum est.^ Nee Onus in te ego hos animos^

gessi ; longus post me ordo est idem petentium decus.^
Ferrum hostemque in vestibule regiae habebis. Nos,
iuventusRomana, tibi bellum indicimus."
Rex, Infensus ira periculoque conterritus, ignes *
5

circumdari Mucio iussit. Sed Mucins ipse dextram

suam accenso ad sacrificium foculo iniecit. Tum
Porsenna ab sede sua prosiluit et iuvenem ab altaribus
amoveri iussit, clamitans :
" Te iure belli llberum ^

nunc dimitto." 10

Rediit Romam Mucins, cui postea a clade dextrae

cognomen Scaevolae ^ datum est.

55. Honesty of Fabricius

Ex legatis qui ad Pyrrhum
venerant fuit Gaius'

Fabricius.^ Ei obtulit Pyrrhus munera atque aurum,

quae repudiavit Fabricius. 15

1. The subject of est is pati; 5. iure belli libenim :

/r^^^
Romanum is a predicate adjec- from the law of war.
tive. 6. Scaevola the :word
2. hos animos : this feeling. means left-handed.
3. longus . . . decus : there 7. Pyrrhum: this famous
is behind me a
long li7ie of those warrior had come into Italy to
seeking the saine glory (of slay- assist the southern cities that
ing Porsenna). resisted Roman control.
4. ignes : of torture. Mu- 8. Gains Fabricius : a Ro-
cius anticipates him by thrust- man consul of the most
ing his own hand into the fire frugal habits and strictest in-
on the altar. tegrity.
 70 LATIN READER

Poster5 die rex, qui Pyrrhum exterrere conspectu

subito elephantl volebat, imperavit suis ut, Fabrlci5
secum conloqiiente/ belua post aulaeum admoveretur.
Quod ubi factum est, sign5 dat5 remotoque aulaeo,
5 belua stndorem horrendum emlsit, et proboscidem
super Fabric! caput demisit.
Sed ille,^ subridens
" Neque heri me aurum tuum pellexit, neque hodie^
terruit belua tua."
lo Fabric! admlratus virtutem Pyrrhus ilium secreto
invTtavit ut patriam desereret et ad se venlret, quarta
parte etiam regni sul oblata.^ Regi Fabricius ita

respondit :
**
Si me virum bonum iudicas, cur me vis
"
corrumpere ? Sin ver5 malum, cur me invitas ?
15 Medicus regis ^ nocte ad Fabrlcium venit elque ita

pollicitus est :
** Si praemium mihi dabis, Pyrrhum
veneno necabo." Hunc Fabricius vinctum reduci
iussit ad dominum, et Pyrrho did quae contra caput'

eius medicus spopondisset. Turn rex dixisse fertur :"

20 " Ille est Fabricius, qui difficilius ab honestate^ quam

"
s5l a suo cursu potest averti!

1 Fabricio secum conlo- of his kingdom.

quente : wJiile Fabricius was 4. regis : Pyrrhus.
talking with iiini. 5. contidiCSi^Mi: against his
2. sed ille : some word like life.

dixit is understood. 6. fertur : is said.

3. quarta ... oblata ^r^^w- : 7. ab honestate : from the

ising him even a fourth part pathway of honor.
 . "

LATIN READER 71

56. Ambition Denounced

Cineas,^ legatus in Pyrrhl castrls, consilia regis non
semper probabat.^
Quondam Pyrrhus dixit se velle Ttaliam superare,
et Cineas '*
Superatis R5manls " ^ inquit, "quid est
"
tibi in animo facere, 5 rex ? 5

**
Italiae ^ vicina est Sicilia," inquit Pyrrhus, *'
nee
difficile erit earn armis occupare."
Tum Cineas :
**
Occupata Sicilia, quid postea f acies ?

Rex, qui nondum mentem Cineae perspiciebat, *'

In
Africam," inquit, *'
transire mihi in anim5 est." 10
" "
Cineas : Quid deinde, rex ?
"Tum denique, ml Cineas," inquit Pyrrhus, "nos^
quieti dabimus."
Celeriter respondit Cineas :
" At cur non vis istam
"
quietem iam nunc ^ possidere ? i^

57. Ha7inibar s Jest

In libris veterum memoriarum^ scrlptum est^
Hannibalem^ Carthaginiensem apud regem Antio-
chum facetissime cavillatum esse.
1. Cineas: one of the ablest 6. iam nunc: at this mo-
lieutenants Pyrrhus had. uient.
2. probabat: approve. 7. veterum memoriarum :
^y
3 superatis Romanis :
af- the old records.
ter conquering the Romaiis. 8. scrlptum est : the subject
4. Italiae : Dative. is Hannibalem cavillatum esse.
5. nos: Accusative. 9. Hannibalem: the distin-
 72 LATIN READER

Ea cavillatio huiusce modi fuit

Ostendebat ei Antiochus in campo copias ingentis,

quas comparaverat ut populo Romano bellum inferret.
Convertebat exercitum insignibus argenteis et aureis ^

5fl5rentem. Inducebat etiam currus cum falcibus et

elephantos cum turribus et equitatum frenis, ephippiis,

monilibus, phalerls praefulgentem.

Atque ibi rex, contemplatione tanti ac tam ornati
exercitus gloriabundus, Hannibalem adspicit, et
lo '* Putasne," inquit, "satis esse^ Romanis haec
omnia ?

Tum Poenus, eludens ignaviam imbelliamque

mllitum eius preti5se armat5rum, respondit
*'
Satis, plane satis, esse credo Romanis haec
IS omnia, etiamsi avarissimi sunt."
Nihil prorsum neque tam lepide neque tam acerbi
did potest. Rex de numero exercitus sul quaesiverat
respondit Hannibal de praeda.

^
58. The Heavenly Bodies
Mundus est universitas rerum, in quo omnia sun ,

20 et extra quem nihil est. I

guished Carthaginian general 2. satis esse : to be enougi

who after the final successes for^ i.e.a match for.
be
of the Romans retired to the 3. This treatise on the heav

court of Antiochus. enly bodies was written by Lu

I. insignibus: to be con- cius AmpeHus, who lived in tht

nected with florentem. third century A.D.

 :

LATIN READER 73

Elementa mundi sunt quattuor : ignis, ex quo est

caelum aqua, ex qua 5ceanus est
; ; aer, ex qu5 venti
'et tempestates sunt ; terra, quam propter formam eius
orbem ^
terrarum appellamus.
Caell regiones sunt quattuor : oriens, occidens, 5

meridies, septentrio.
Caelum dividitur in circulos quinque : arcticum
et antarcticum,^ qui ob nimiam vim frigoris inhabita-
sunt; aequinoctialem, cui subiacet^ regio quae
biles

non incolitur ob nimiam vim ardoris brumalem ; 10

et solstitialem, sub quibus habitatur,^ sunt enim

jtemperatissimi, per quos oblTquus circulus^ vadit
cum duodecim signis in quibus sol annuum conficit
cursum.
Signa sunt in caelo duodecim 15

Aries, beneficio Llberl,^ quod, cum is^ exercitum^ in

Indiam per Libyam duceret per loca sicca et arenosa,

1. To the Romans the world 5. The ecliptic, the appar-

consisted of the lands about ent pathway of the sun in the
the Mediterranean, and these heavens.
were arranged, roughly, in the 6. beneficio Liberi : through
form of a circle (orbis). the favor of Liber.
2. These divisions corre- 7. is : refers to Liber, who
spond to similar ones upon the was said to have journeyed to
earth. the most distant parts of the
; 3. cui subiacet : wider which earth when spreading his wor-
lies. ship among the nations.
4. habitatur: used imper- 8. exercitum: his train of
sonally. Translate, men dwell, followers.
 74 LATIN READER

cum aquae inopia esset et exercitus sit! adfligeretur

aries els aquam demonstravit.
Taurus, qui sensum humanum figura tauri contine
bat; is Europam Agenoris flliam Cretam^de
lovis iussu
5 portavit. Ob earn rem luppiter inter sidera eum posuit
Gemini, quos alii Castorem et Pollucem dlcunt.
Cancer, receptus inter sidera benefici5 lunonis
quod eius^ iussu, cum Hercules missus esset ut hydran
Lernaeam, quam nos excetram dicimus, interficeret
locarcinus, qui Herculis pedes et crura laniabat, incom
modiorem f aciebat eum quam
^ ipsa excetra. Ob ic

factum carcinum Iun5 inter sidera posuit.

Leo, quem Hercules dicitur interfecisse, eiusqu
pellem postea pro tegumento habuisse. Leonen
i5caelesti dignitate luno est honorata.
Virgo, quam nos lustitiam dicimus,'' fuit cum he
minibus. Sed postquam homines male facere coepe
runt, luppiter eam inter signa posuit.
Libra, qui primus dicitur librae pondus hominibu
20 invenisse, ideoque in numerum stellarum receptus est

et Libra est dictus.

Scorpius, qui ad pernlciem Orlonis^ natus est

I. Cretam Limit of Motion

: : 2. eius : refers to Juno,
hence, no preposition. The 3.incommodiorem facieba"

fable of the carrying away of eum made him more

: trouble.

Europa by the bull is a person- 4. dicimus : call.

ification of the colonization of 5. ad perniciem Orionis : fo)

the West from the East. the destruction of Orion. Ac-
 LATIN READER 75

uppiter et scorpionem et Orlonem inter sidera re-

epit.

Sagittarius, quern Musae semper dilexerunt.

Capricornus, cui nomen Pan est. Quo tempore^
fyphon profectus est ad bellum,^ Pan se in caprae 5

iguram convertit. Dii immortales, igitur, postquam

ryphonem digna poena ^ adfecerunt, Pana'' astr5rum
nemoria decoraverunt.
Aquarius, qui dicitur esse Deucalion^ Thessalus,
[Ui, cum maximo cataclysmo cum uxore Pyrrha s5lus
lo

ivasisset, pietatis causa inter sidera locatus est.

Pisces, quia bello Gigantum^ Venus in piscem se

ransfiguravit.
'

Praeter^ haec duodecim signa, potentissima sidera

n caelo sunt Septentriones duo, Maior et Minor,^
: 15

\m merguntur,^ ideoque navium cursus re-

numquam
^unt; Bo5tes, idem^ Arcturus; Orion, qui magnitu-

:ording to the fable Orion the accusative.

)oabted that he could slay any- 5. For the story of Deuca-
hing that came from the earth, lion and Pyrrha, see the selec-
vhereupon the gods, angered tion from Ovid, " Creation and
it his audacity, sent the scor- the Flood."
)ion to slay him. 6. bello Gigantum : the war
1 . quo tempore : ai the time of the Giants upon the gods.
vhen. 7- praeter : m addition to.
2. bellum : against the gods. 8. Maior et Minor: the
3. digna poena : he was bur- Great Bear and the Little Bear,
ed under Mount Aetna for his 9. merguntur: i.e. below
mpiety. the horizon.
4. Pana: a Greek form of 10. idem: also called.
 ^6 LATIN READER

dine sua dimidiam cael! obtinet partem ; Pleiades,

.qui Latine Vergiliae dicuntur ; Hyades, quarum ortus
et occasus a nautis et ab agricolls observantur ; Cani-
cula, cuius vis praecipue solstitio est. Stellae poten-
5 tissimae in caelo sunt septem : Saturnus, Sol, Luna,
Mars, Mercurius, luppiter, Venus, quae a Graecis
planetae, a nobis erraticae dicuntur, quia ad arbi-

trium suum vagantur et motu suo hominum fata

moderantur.
 ;

EARLY HYMNS
59. Morning Song
Fulgentis auctor ^ aetheris,
QuT lunam lumen 2 noctibus,
Solem dierum cursibus
^
Certo fundasti tramite ;

Nox atra iam depellitur, \

Mundi nitor renascitur,

Novusque iam mentis vigor,
Dulces in actus erigit

Laudes sonare iam tuas

Dies relatus admonet,
Vultusque caell blandior
Nostra serenat pectora.

There are many hymns of earlier than the fourth century,

the sort given here, some of i. Vocative,
them very beautiful. They 2. lumen: as the light.

were produced and used by the 3. cert5 tramite : the unerr-

^early Christian Church in the ing accuracy of the heavenly
first centuries of its existence. bodies in their movements did
No hymns of which the authors' not escape the notice of the
names are known are found ancients.

77
 yS LATIN READER

Vitemus^ omne lubricum,^

Declinet prava^ spiritus,
Vitam facta non ^ inquinent,
Lingua in culpa n5n implicet.

60. De Vzfd Hominis

5 Vita nostra, plena bellis/
Inter hostes, inter arma
More belli vivitur.

Nulla lux it absque pugna,

Nulla nox it absque luctu,
10 Et salutis alea.^

Sed tim5ris omnis expers,'

Stabo firmus inter arma,
Nee timebo vulnera.
Non morabor hostis Iras, ^

15 Non timebo publicasve

Callidasve machinas.

1 vitemus : let 21s avoid. a fierce warfare with the pow

2. lubricum, prava : slip- ersofevil.
pery^ crooked. Translate by 5. risk.
niore formal terms, such as 6. timoris expers : withom\
wrong., evil. fear. The base of expers \i

3. In more classical Latin pars, a part. The genitive is

ne would be here used instead therefore a Genitive of the

of non. Whole.
4. plena bellis : filled with 7. non morabor : / shall
struggles. Life is pictured, as give 710 heed to.
 ;

LATIN READER 79

Ecce, caell lapsus arcu

Atque spissa nube tectus,
Rector ipse siderum,
Contra saevos mentis hostes
Proeliantem me tuetur,
Bella pro me suscipit.^

Franget arcus et sagittas,

Ignibusque- sempiternis
Arma tradet hostium.
Erg5 stabo sine metu
Generose superabo
Hostium saevitiam.

I. undertakes, 2. Indirect object of tradet.

 FROM THE PSALMS
6i. Psalmus I
Beatus vir,^ qui non abiit in consilio impiorum, et ir
via peccatorum non stetit, et in cathedra pestilentiat
non sedit
Sed in lege Domini voluntas eius, et in lege eiu:

5 meditabitur die ac nocte.-

Et erit tamquam lignum^ quod plantatum est secu;
decursus aquarum, quod fructum suum dabit in tem
pore suo
Et folium eius non defluet ; et omnia quaecumqu ,1
10 f aciet prosperabuntur.
N5n sic impii, n5n sic, sed tamquam pulvis, quen
proicit ventus a facie terrae.
Ideo non resurgent impii in iudicio, neque pecca
tores in concilio iustorum.
15 Quoniam novit Dominus viam iustorum ; et ite

impiorum peribit.

62. The Shepherd Psalm

Dominus regit ^ me, et nihil mihi deerit.
In loco pascuae ibi me conlocavit. Super aquair
refectionis educavit me.

1. Supply est. 3- tamquam lignum: as l

2. die ac node : Ablative of t7-ee.

Time within which. 4- regit : ^//r^<:/^.

80
 1:

LATIN READER 8

! Animam meam convertit. Deduxit me super se-

mitas iustitiae, propter nomen suum.
Nam, et^ si ambulaver5 in medio umbrae mortis,
non timebo mala, quoniam tu mecum es. Virga tua
et baculus tuus, ipsa^ me consolata sunt. 5

Parasti^ in conspectu meo mensam, adversus eos

qui tribulant me. Impinguasti in oleo caput meum, et
icalix mens inebrians^ quam^ praeclarus est!
Et misericordia tua subsequetur me omnibus diebus
vltae meae, et ut inhabitem^ in domo Domini in Ion- i

igitudinem dierum/

1. et : evejt. 5. quam: howl Modifies

2. ipsa: neuter plural, re- praeclarus.
ferring to two inanimate things 6. Result clause : so that I
of different gender. shall even dwell.
3. parasti : shortened from 7. in longitudinem dierum
paravisti. n7ito the length of the days, i.e.

4. inebrians : riinningover. forever.

GALL. LAT. READ. 6

 MYTHS OF THE ROMANS
63. Creation and the Flood ^

Principio^ erat chaos. Neque sol neque luna lume

dabat. Neque terra neque mare fuit. Turn deu
terras caelo, terris undas, abscidit.^ lussit monte
surgere, valles subsidere, campos extendi, frond
stegi silvas. Sidera coeperunt effervescere tot

caelo. Unda'' pisces, terra feras, aer volucre

cepit.
Natus est^ homo. Opifex rerum hominem in eff
giem deorum finxit. Animalia cetera^ terram spec
lotant, sed deus os homini sublime^ dedit caelur ;

videre iussit, et ad sidera. tollere vultus.

Primo erat aetas aurea,^ quae, sponte sua,^ sin

1. Publius Ovidius Nas5, a 3. abscidit : separated.

Roman poet who lived from 4. unda : the water.
43B.C. to 17 A.D., wrotea poem 5. natus est: from nasco
called MetaiHorphoses. What be born.
appears here is a simplified 6. animalia cetera : the otheX
form of that portion of it which creatures.
describes creation and the flood. 7. sublime: lifted up.
So far as possible the style of 8. aetas aurea : the Golde%
the poet is retained. Age.
2. principio: at the begin- 9. sponte sua: of its owt
ning. accord.
 LATIN READER 83

lege, rectumque colebat.^

fidem N5n tuba,^ non
cornua, non galeae, n5n ensis erant. Tellus, ras-
tro intacta, omnia per se^ dabat. Ver erat aeter-
num, et zephyr! mulcebant flores qui sine semine
nascebantur. Flumina lactis et flumina nectaris flue- 5

bant; de viridi ilice stillabant mella. Sub Saturno^

erat mundus totus.
Postea Saturnus tenebrdsa in Tartara missus est, et

mundus sub love erat. Turn subiit^ aetas argentea,

deterior quam aurea. luppiter tempora veris con- 10

traxit,^ et per hiemes et aestus et autumnos et breve

ver spatiis quattuor annum exegit. Tum aer siccis
fervoribus urebatur, et glacies facta Tumest.

primum^ homines subierunt domus. Tum primum

semina longis sulcis obruta sunt, et press! iugo^ ge- 15

muerunt iuvencT.
Aetas tertia fuit aenea, saevior^ et ad arma horrida
promptior.^
De duro ferro fuit aetas ultima. Pudor et verum

1. colebat : the subject is 5. subiit : came on.

aetas, but the people of the 6. contraxit : shortened.
Golden Age are in the mind 7. primum : for the first
of the poet. time.
2. non tuba, etc. : i.e. there 8. press! iugo : burdened
was no war. with the yoke.
3. per se : i.e. without ciil- g. saevior et promptior : the
tivation. comparison is between the
4. sub Saturno : Jinder the Bronze Age and the two which
dominion of Saturn. preceded.
 84 LATIN READER

et fides f ugerunt. Non hospes ^ ab hospite tutus erat.

Fratrum quoque gratia rara fuit.

Turn pater omnipotens^ ingemuit. Concilium deo-
rum vocavit. Tenuit mora nulla vocatos.^ Est via
5 sublimis, caelo manif esta sereno, quae Lactea ^ nomen
habet, canddre notabilis ipso.^ Hac^ iter est superis^

ad magnl Tonantis domum. Omnes convenerunt.

Turn luppiter ora^ indignantia talibus modis solvit:
" Perdendum est mortale genus." Dicta lovis voce
loprobant omnes, et iam luppiter erat sparsurus ^ f ul-

mina in totas terras. Sed timuit ^^

ne forte aether tot
ab ignibus flammas conciperet. Tela" reponuntur
manibus fabricata Cyclopum. Poena placet diversa,
genus mortale sub undis perdere et ex omni caelo
15 nimbos demittere. Protinus Aeoliis in antrls Aquilo-
nem claudit ^^
et quaecumque fugant flamina nubes.

1. non hospes, etc.: friend 9. erat sparsunis : luas

was not safe fro7n fric7id. about to scatter.
2. pater omnipotens: Jupiter. 10. Jupiter's fear was that

3. vocatos : the participle the entire universe might be

modifies de5s, understood. destroyed in a conflagration
4. Lactea: via is understood. started by the fire of the thun-
5. candore ipso : because of derbolt.
its very brightness. 11. tela: the thunderbohs.
6. hac : understand via. These were said to be made by
7. superis : for those who the giants called Cyclopes.
dwell above. 12. Aquilonem claudit: be-
8. ora, etc. : opened his an- cause that wind would drive
gry lips in such fashion. away the rain clouds.
 LATIN READER 85

Emittit Notum/ qui evolat madidls alis. Est barba

gravis nimbis, canis fluit unda capillis, fronte sedent
nebulae, roranf pennae. Ut pendentia nubila manu
pressit, fit fragor, inclusi funduntur ab aethere nimbi,
iris, nuntia lunonis, concipit aquas alimentaque 5

nubibus adfert. Sternuntur segetes ;

perit anni
longi labor. N5n caelo suo contenta erat lovis
[ra, sad ilium caeruleus f rater ^ iuvat auxiliaribus
undis.
i

amnes, at haec dixit " Vires effun-

Convocat hie ^ : 10

Idite vestras. Sic opus est. Aperite^ domos. Flu-

Iminibus^ vestris totas immittite habenas." lusserat.
|Hi redeunt, ac fontibus ora relaxant. Et defrenato
'cursu volvuntur in aequora. Neptunus tridente ^ suo
percussit terram. Ilia intramuit motuque vias pate- 15
fecit aquarum. Flumina ruunt per apertos campos.
lamque mare et tellus nullum discrimen habebant.
Omnia pontus erant.
Occupat hic^ collem, in cumba sedet alter,^ et
ducit remos ubi niiper araverat. Ille super 20
segetes aut mersae culmina villae navigat, hic piscem

I. Notus brought the mois- waters flow forth,

ture-laden clouds from the 5. fluminibus : give all rein
sea. to your strea?ns.
2. f rater: Neptune, brother 6. tridente: the symbol of
Df Jupiter and lord of the sea. his power.
3. hic : Neptune. 7. hic, alter : one, another.
4. aperite: i.e. to let the Similarly, ille and hic below.
 S6 LATIN READER

deprendit in summa ulmo.^ Nat lupus inter oves,

fulvosque vehit unda leones. Pulsabant fluctus
montana cacumina. Maxima pars hominum unda
rapitur quibus^ unda pepercit, ill5s domat inopia
;

5 vTctus.
Mons ubi Parnasus^ petit astra, eo^ venit Deuca-
lion cum coniuge, Pyrrha, nam cetera ^ texerat aqua,
Ille amans aequi fuit;^ deorum metuens fuit ilia. Ul
luppiter videt superesse virum de tot milibus unum
loet superesse de tot milibus unam, innocuos ambos
cultores numinis ambos, nubila disiecit, nimbis Aqui
lone remotis, caelo terras ostendit et aethera terris
Nee maris Ira manet. Mulcet aquas rector pelagl.'
Caeruleum Tritona vocat, conchaeque sonant! inspl
IS rare iubet. Signo dato, flumina subsldunt ; colles exin
videntur. lam mare litus habet. Surgit humus
Redditus orbis erat. Quem postquam vidit inanem
Deucalion ita Pyrrham adfatur :

" O coniunx, O femina sola superstes, nos duo po

20 pulus sumus ;
possedit cetera pontus. Nunc genus ir
1. in summa ulmo : /;/ //le cept this height.
/op of an elm. 6. amans aequi fuit : was a

2. quibus : indirect object lover of uprightness, i.e.. lovea

of pepercit. The antecedent uprightness.

of the relative is illos. 7. rector pelagi : Neptune.
3. Parnasus : the mountain who directs his trumpeter, Tri-
where Delphi was. ton, to blow into his ringing
4. eo an adverb.
: shell and so signal the return
5. cetera: /.^. all places ex- of the waters.
 LATIN READER 8/

nobis restat mortale duobus. Sic visum est ^

Superis ;

hominum exempla manemus."

Dixerat, et flebant. Tandem placuit- caeleste
precari numen. Hoc facto, lapides post terga mit-
tunt, et lapides, mirabile dictu !
^ deponere duritiem 5

coeperunt, et mox forma hominis videri potest. In

brevi spatio saxa missa viri manibus faciem traxerunf*
virorum, et de femineo iactu reparata est femina.
Inde^ genus durum sumus.

1. visum est: has seetned 4. traxerunt : took on. As

c^ood. the stones lost their hard-
2. placuit : // pleased them, ness they assumed human
i.e. they resolved. form.
3. mirabile dictU : wotder- 5. inde : from the fact that

fid to relate. men were created from rocks.

 ABBREVIATIONS

abl.
 ,

VOCABULARY
a, ab, prep. 7vith abl.^ from, away tus (ad and capio, take), re-
from; at, on; by. ceive; accept.
ab, see a. accurate, adv., carefully.
abd5, abdere, abdidi, abditus (do, accurro, accurrere, accurri or ac-
put), put away, hide, conceal, cucurri, accursurus (ad and
abduco, abducere, abduxi, abduc- curr5, run), run to, run up.
tus (duco, lead), lead away, take acer, acris, acre, keen, sharp;
with one. vigorous, energetic.
abeo, abire, abii, abiturus (eo, acerbe, adv., keenly, sharply.
go), go away, depart. acerbus, -a, -um, bitter, sour;
abicio, abicere, abieci, abiectus harsh, disagreeable.
(iacio, throw), throw away, hurl. acies, -ei, /, line of battle, battle

abolesco, abolescere, abolevi, line.

die out, disappear, acriter, adv., sharply, vigorously,

abscindo, abscindere, abscidi, actio, actionis,/, act, action,
abscissus, divide, separate, part. actus, -lis, m., deed, act.
absque, prep, with abl., without, ad, prep, with ace, to, toward,
abstineo, abstinere, abstinui, abs- against; near; for.
tentus (abs (equals ab) and addo, addere, addidi, additus (d5,
tene5, hold), refrain from. put), put to, add.
absum, abesse, afui, afutunis addiico, adducere, addiixi, adduc-
(sum, be), be away, be distant. tus (duc5, lead), lead to, induce,
ac, conj., and. influence.
accedo, accedere, access!, accessu- adeo, adire, adii, aditiirus (e5,
rus (ad and cedo, go), approach, go), go to, address.
come to. adeo, adv., so, to such an extent,
accendS, accendere, accendi, ac- adfero, adferre, attuli, adlatus
census (ad and cando, cause (fer5, bring), bring to, apply,
to shine), set on fire, kindle, put to.

arouse; accensus, burning. adficio, adficere, adfeci, adfectus

accipio, accipere, accepi, accep- (facio, make), visit with, afflict.

89

\
90 VOCABULARY

adfines, adfinium, m., neighbors, adsideo, adsidere, adsedi, ad

friends; relatives by marriage. sessus (sedeo, sit), sit near, si

adfligo, adfligere, adflixi, adflic- down.

tus, harass, distress. adspicio, adspicere, adspexi, ad
adfor, adfari, adfatus (for, spectus (specie, look), look ai

speak), speak to, address. behold.

adgredior, adgredi, adgressus adsto, adstare, adstiti, (st(

(gradior, step), proceed stand), stand near, stand b)

against; attack; begin. aid, assist.

adhibe5, adhibere, adhibui, adhi- adsum, adesse, adfui, adfuturus

bitus (habe5, have), hold to, be present, be on hand,
employ, use. adsurgd, adsurgere, adsurrex:
aditus, -us, w., going to ; ap- adsurrecturus (surgo, rise)

proach, entrance. rise, rise to greet,

adiungo, adiungere, adiunxi, ad- adulator, -5ris (adulor, flatter

iunctus (iungo, join), join, and -tor), m., flatterer.

fasten, attach. adulescens, adulescentis, adj\
adloquor, adloqui, adlocutus (lo- young youn
'

; as subst., a
quor, speak), speak to, accost, man.
address. adulor, -ari, -atus, fawn upor
admirabilis, admirabile, strange, caress.
marvelous. advenio, advenire, adveni, adven
admiratio, admirationis, /, ad- turus (venio, come), come or
miration, esteem, advance.
admiror, -ari, -atus (miror, won- adversum (or adversus), pre^
der),wonder at, admire, esteem. with ace, against.
admoneo, admonere, admonui, adversus, -a, -um, turned against i

admonitus (moneo, warn), re- unfavorable, in front; as subst, \

mind, warn, admonish. opponent, enemy, adversary

admove5, admovere, admovi, ad- res adversae, adversity.
motus (move5, move), move to, adverto, advertere, adverti, ad
bring to. versus (verto, turn), give atten
adscendo, adscendere, adscendi, tion, notice.

adscensus (scando, climb), Aeneas, -ae, m., a hero of th<

climb up, climb. Trojan War.

 VOCABULARY

aeneus, -a, -um, of bronze. agricola, -ae (ager and col5, cul-
Aeolius, -a, -um, of Aeolus, god tivate), in., a farmer.

of the winds. ait (defective), he says.

aequalis, aequale, equal, of the ala, -ae,/, a wing (of a bird).
same size. Alba Longa, Albae Longae, /,
aeque, adv., equally. Alba Longa (the Long White
aequinoctialis, aequinoctiale City), city on the Alban Mount.
(aequus, equal, and nox, night), Albani, -orum, m., the Albans,
of equal night and day; equinoc- the people of Alba Longa.
tial ; circulus aequinoctialis, Albanus, -a, -um, Alban, of Alba.
the equator. albus, -a, -um, white.
aequor, aequoris, n., level space ; alea, -ae, /, risk, hazard.
sea, water. Alexander, Alexandri, m., king
aequum, -i, ., what is right, up- of Macedonia.
rightness. alias, adv., at another time, at
aer, aeris, w., air, atmosphere. other times.
,aes, aeris, w., bronze; money, alicunde (aliquis, some, and unde,
bronze coins. whence), from some source or
Aesopus, -i, w., Aesop, a famous other.
writer of fables. alienus, -a, -um (alius, other),
aestus, -us, m., heat, summer. another's, belonging to another.
aetas, aetatis,/, age; old age. alimentum, -i, ., nourishment.
aeternus, -a, -um, everlasting, aliquamdiu, adv., for some time.
eternal. aliquando, adv., once, at one
aether, aetheris, m., air; sky. time.
Africa, -ae, /, Africa. aliquantus, -a, -um, considerable;
Agenor, Agenoris, m., a Phoe- aliquantum viae, a considerable
nician king. portion of the journey.
ager, agri, m., land, territory; aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, some.
field, country. aliquot, several.
agitator, agitat5ris, m., a driver. alius, -a, -ud, another, other, dif-
agnus, -i, w., a lamb. ferent, else.
ago, agere, egi, actus, drive; do, alligo, -are, -avi, -atus (ad and
act; arrange; gratias agere, ligo, bind), bind, fasten.
thank. altaria, altarium, ., altar.
92 VOCABULARY

alter, altera, alterum, the other, courage ; est mihi in animo

another; the second. pugnare, I intend to fight.

altus, -a, -um (participle of alo, Anio, Anienis, m., the Anio, a
nourish), grown ; high, tali, tributary of the Tiber.
lofty; deep. annecto, annectere, annexui, an-
amans, amantis, adj., loving, fond, nexus (ad and necto, tie), tie

devoted to. to, fasten to.

ambo, -ae, -O, both, each of the annus, -i, m., year.
two. annuus, -a, -um, for a year, annual.

ambul5, -are, -avi, -atus, walk. antarcticus, -a, -um, southern,

amicus, -a, -um, friendly. antarctic.
amicus, -i, m., friend. ante, prep, with ace, before.
amitto, amittere, amisi, amissus antecedo, antecedere, antecessi,
(mitto, send), let go, lose. antecessus (cedo, go), go be-

amnis, amnis, m., river. fore, precede.

amo, -are, -avi, -atus, love. Antiochus, -i, m., king of Syria, i

amor, amoris, ;., love desire. antrum, -i, n., cave, cavern.
; f

amoveo, amovere, am5vi, am5- aperio, aperire, aperui, apertus,

tus (moveo, move), remove, take open, disclose, expose.
away. aperte, adv., openly. i;

Amulius, Amuli, ;;/., a son of Sil- apis, apis,/, bee. [

vius Procas. appareo, apparere, apparui, ap-

an, conj. (used in questions), or. paritiirus (ad and pareo, ap-
anceps, ancipitis, adj., uncertain, pear) be plain,
, become manifest,
doubtful. appear clear.

ancilla, -a.Q,f., housemaid, maid. appello, -are, -avi, -atus, call,

Androclus, -i, j>i., the man who name.

cared for a lion. appetd, appetere, appetivi or

anima, -ae,/, breath, life. appetii, appetitus (ad and pet5,

animadverto, animadvertere, seek), seek for; approach, be at

animadverti, animadversus hand.

(animum advert5, turn the appono, app5nere, apposui, appo-
mind to), attend to; notice. situs (ad and pono, put), place
animal, animalis, n., an animal. near, set before ; set aside for.

animus, -i, m., the mind, heart; apprehendo, apprehendere, ap-

 ;

VOCABULARY 93

prehendi, apprehensus (ad and arma, -orum, ., arms, weapons.

prehendo, grasp), seize, arrest. armo, -are, -avi, -atus, equip,

ipprobo, -are, -avi, -atus, approve, arm armatus, armed,

; with
sanction. weapons in one's hands,
ippropinquo, -are, -avi, -atus (ad aro, -are, -avi, -atus, plov/.
and propinquO, draw near), arrogo, -are, -avi, -atus (ad and
draw near, approach. rogo, ask), ask for, claim,
ipud,/r^/. zvith ace, near, among; arx, arcis,/, stronghold, citadel.
at the home of; in the writings of. Ascanius, Ascani, w., son of
iqua, -ae, /, water, Aeneas.
iquarius, aquari, ;., a water car- asinus, -i, ;;/., donkey, ass.
'

rier; Water Carrier (a con- asper, aspera, asperum, rough.

the
stellation). asporto, -are, -avi, -atus (abs and
Aquilo, Aquilonis, m., the north portO, carry), carry away.
wind. assequor, assequi, asseciitus (ad
irbitrium, arbitri, n., authority, and sequor, follow), reach, ob-
power, will, tain, get.

irbor, arboris,/, tree, astrum, -i, ., star ; ad astra, to

irceo, arcere, arcui, arctus, ward fame.

off, keep away. at, conj., but, yet.

arcesso, arcessere, arcessivi, ar- atrum, black, dark.

ater, atra,
'

cessitus, call, summon, send for. Athenae, -arum, /, Athens, the

ircticus, -a, -um, northern, arctic. city of Athens,
A.rcturus, -i, m., a constellation. athleta, -ae, ;., athlete.

arcus, -us, m., bow ; rainbow atque, conj., and, and besides,
circle, arch, and particularly,

irdor, ardoris w., heat. atrox, atrocis, adj., fierce, savage.

arena, -ae, /, sand; sandy place, attingo, attingere, attigi, attac-
desert; arena. tus (ad and tango, touch),
arenosus, -a, -um, sandy. reach, get.
argenteus, -a, -um, of silver, silver. attritus, -a, -um, worn.
arguo, arguere, argui, argutus, auctor, auctoris, ;;/., creator,
i disclose, betray. audacia, -ae,/, boldness, courage.
aries, arietis, m., a ram ; the Ram audax, audacis, adj., bold, daring,

(a constellation). brave.
94 VOCABULARY

audeo, audere, ausus sum, ven- bene {comp., melius, super L, op'
ture, dare. time), adv., well, successfully.
audio, audire, audivi, auditus, beneficium, benefici (bene an(
hear, listen to. facio, do), ., good deed, kin<

aufero, auferre, abstuli, ablatus act.

(fero, carry), carry away, re- benevolentia, -ae, /, good wil!

move. favor.

aulaeum, -i, n., curtain. benigne (benignus, kind), adv.

aureus, -a, -um, golden, of gold. kindly.

auris, auris,/, the ear. bestia, -ae, /, beast.
aurum, -i, n., gold. bini, -ae, -a, two at a time,

aut, cojij.,ox; aut . . . aut, either bis, adv., twice, two times.
... or. blande, adv., fawningly, caress

autem, conj., but, moreover; now.

autumnus, -i, m., autumn. blandimentum, -i, n., caress.

auxiliaris, auxiliare, helping, blandus, -a, -um, kind, pleasant,

assisting. bonum, -i, n., good, goodness;
auxilium, auxili, ., aid, assist- good thing; goods, property.
ance. bonus, -a, -um, good.
avaritia, -ae,/, avarice, greed for Bootes, -ae, ;//., a constellation.
wealth, miserliness. bos, bovis, fii. and f., ox, cow.

avarus, -a, -um, avaricious, greedy. brevis, breve, short, brief,

averto, avertere, averti, aversus briimalis, briimale, wintry, c

(verto, turn), turn aside. winter.

avicula, -ae, /, little bird. Biicephalon, -i, ., Bucephalumi
avis, avis,/, bird. name of a town.
avus, -i, w., grandfather. Bucephalus, -i, m., Bucephalus
name of Alexander's horse.
baculum, -i, n., staff, stick.

baculus, -i, m., poetic for bacu- C, abbreviation of Gains,

lum. cacumen, caciiminis, n., top, peal<

barba, -ae,/, beard, height.

beatus, -a, -um, blessed, fortunate. cado, cadere, cecidi, casurus, fall

bellum, -1, ;/., war, warfare. fall down; perish, be killed.

belua, -ae, /, beast. caecus, -a, -um, blind.

 VOCABULARY 95

caedes, caedis (caedo, cut), /, Capitolium, Capitdli, n., the Cap-

slaughter, murder, killing. itoline Hill; the great temple of
Caedicius, Caedici, in., a tribune Jupiter on the Capitoline.
mentioned by Cato. capra, -ae,/, she-goat.
caedo, caedere, cecidi, caesus, cut Capricornus, -i, m., Capricorn (a

to pieces, kill, slay. constellation).

caelestis, caeleste, heavenly ; as caput, capitis, ., the head; the

subst., the heavenly ones. capital city, the capital; capi-
caelum, -i, ., the sky, heavens. tis damnatus, condemned to

caeruleus, -a, -um, dark blue, dark. death.

Caesar, Caesaris, m., Caesar, a carcinus, -i, m., crab.
family name. Gaius lulius Carthaginiensis, Carthaginiense,
Caesar, the dictator. Carthaginian, of Carthage ; as
calamitas, calamitatis, /, disas- sicbst., a Carthaginian, native of
ter, misfortune, calamity. Carthage.
calix, calicis, m., cup, goblet. caseus, -i, in., cheese.
callidus, -a, -um, clever, adroit; cassita, -ae, /, the lark.
hidden, secret. Castor, Castoris, m.. Castor
campus, -i, /., plain, level field. (brother of Pollux) ; a constel-
cancer, cancri, m., crab ; the Crab lation.

(a constellation). castra, -orum, n., a camp; castra

candor, candoris, m., brightness, p5nere, pitch a camp.
brilliance. casus, -us (cado, fall), ;;/., a fall;

canicula, /, a little dog;

-ae, chance, fortune; misfortune,
Canicula Minor, the lesser dog- disaster, accident.

star. cataclysmus, -i, in., flood, deluge.

canis, canis, ;//. and/., dog. cathedra, -ae,/, chair, seat.

cano, canere, cecini, cantus, sing. Cato, Cat5nis, ///., a distinguished
canto, -are, -avi, -atus (freq. of Roman of the early period.
cano, sing), sing. Cauda, -ae,/, tail (of an animal).
cantus, -us, in., singing, song. causa, -ae, /, cause, reason, ex-
canus, -a, -um, white, hoary. planation.
capillus, -i, m., a hair. cavillatio, cavillationis, /, joke,
capio, capere, cepi, captus, seize, jest.

take, capture. cavillor, -ari, -atus, joke, jest.

96 VOCABULARY

cavo, -are, -avi, -atus, hollow out, cibus, -i, ;//., food.
excavate, wear away. Cicero, Ciceronis, m., a famih
cedo, cedere, cessi, cessurus, re- name. M. Tullius Cicero, ar
tire, go away ;
yield, give up. orator and statesman.
celeber, Celebris, celebre, famous, Cineas, -ae, w., an officer witl
notable. Pyrrhus.
celebro, -are, -avi, -atus, visit in cinis, cineris, m., ashes (of tht
crowds ; celebrate, solemnize. dead).
celeritas, celeritatis, /, speed, C\xta.,prep. with ace, around, about
swiftness. ^ circulus, -i, w., circle.
celeriter (celer), adv., quickly. circum, prep, with ace, around
cel5, -are, -avi, -atus, conceal, hide. about, among.
census, -us, m., the census. circumaro, -are, -avi, -atus, plov
centum, a hundred. around.
centurio, centurionis, m., cen- circumdo, circumdare, circum
turion. dedi, circumdatus (do, put)
certamen, certaminis, ., contest, place around, surround.
struggle. circumfero, circumferre, circum
certe, adv.^ certainly, surely; at tuli, circumlatus (fero, bear)
least. throw about, cast around.

certus, -a, -um, certain, sure, defi- circumsisto, circumsistere, cii

nite; certiorem facere, inform; cumsteti, (sto, stand), stan^

certior fieri, be informed. around, surround.
cervix, cervicis,/, the neck. circumspect, -are, -avi, -atus
cessator, cessatoris, w., loiterer, look around at.

idler. circumstantia, -ae, /., standinj

cesso, -are, -avi, -atus (freq. of around; crowd, throng.

cedo, yield), cease, give way, be circumsto, circumstare, circum
interrupted. steti, circumstatiirus (sto

ceterus, -a, -um, the rest, the stand), stand around, surround
others. circumvenio, circumvenire, cir

chaos (yubl., chao, other cases not cumveni, circumventus (venio

used), ., darkness, chaos. come), come around, surround.
Chares, Charis, w., an early circus, -i, w., circle; circus; Circu:
writer. Maximus, the great circus be-
 VOCABULARY 97

tween the Palatine and Aventine cognatus, -a, -um, kindred, re-

hills. lated.

Cito, -are, -avi, -atus, rouse, urge, c5gnomen, c5gnominis, ;/., family
put to full speed. name, name.
cito, adv., quickly, promptly. cognosco, c5gnoscere, c5gn5vi,
civis, civis, w., citizen, fellow- cognitus (con and (g)nosco,
citizen. learn), learn, find out; perceive;
civitas, civitatis, /, citizenship; become acquainted with.
community, state, nation; a cogo, cogere, coegi, coactus (co
town, city. (equals com) and ago, drive),
clades, cladis,/, disaster, defeat; drive together, collect ; force,

injury. compel.
clamito, -are, -avi, -atus (freq. of collar, collaris, ;/., collar.

clamo, cry), cry repeatedly, keep collis, COllis, m., hill.

shouting. COllum, -i, 11., the neck.

clamor, clamoris, m., shout, cry, colo, colore, colui, cultus, culti-
clarus, -a, -um, clear; bright, vate.
brilliant; famous, distinguished; colonia, -ae,/., colony.
easily distinguished, loud, comes, comitis (com and e5, go),
claudo, claudere, clausi, clausus, 111., associate, companion.
close, shut up. comitium, comiti, n., place of
claudus, -a, -um, lame, meeting, cumitium.
clementer (clemens, kind), adv., committd, committere, commisi,
gently, kindly, commissus (mitto, send) pug- ;

Cluilius, Cluili, w., an Alban king. nam committere, begin battle,

Cluilius, -a, -um, of Cluilius, fight.

Cluilian. commoveo, commovere, com-

Clusium, Clusi, ,, an important m5vi, commotus (moveo,
Etruscan city, now ChiusT. move), stir, alarm, trouble ; in-

Cn., abbreviation of Gnaeus. fluence.

coepi, coepisse, coeptus (used compare, -are, -avi, -atus (paro,
only in the perfect system), prepare), prepare, get together,
began, comperio, comperire, comperi,
c5gnati, -orum, in., relatives, kin- compertus, learn, find out, dis-
dred. cover.

GALL. LAT. READ. 7

98 VOCABULARY

complures, compluria or com- cond5, condere, condidi, conditus

plura, adj., several, many. (com and do, put), put away
compono, componere, composui, place, deposit; found, establish

compositus (pono, put), ar- confectus, -a, -um, wearied, ex

range ; describe, set forth hausted.

compose. confero, c5nferre, contuli, conla

comprehends, comprehendere, tus (com and fer5, bring), brinj
comprehend!, comprehensus, together, collect ; compare ; si

seize, grasp. conferre, betake one's self,

conatus, -us, m., attempt, effort. confestim, adv., immediately, a

concedo, concedere, concessi, once.

concessus (com and cedo, go), conficio, c5nficere, confeci, con

retire, withdraw. fectus (com and facio, do), d(

concha, -ae,/, shell. up, finish, complete.

concid5, concidere, concidi, con- confirmo, -are, -avi, -atus (con

casiirus (com and cad5, fall), and firmo, make strong), as

fall together, fall in a heap, col- sure, declare positively.

lapse. conicio, conicere, conieci, coniec

concilium, concili, n., meeting, tus (com and iacio, throw), hur
assembly, council. throw.
concipio, concipere, concepi, con- coniunx, coniugis, m. and /,
ceptus (com and capio, take), wedded person husband, wife
;

seize, snatch ; form, gather conloc5, -are, -avi, -atus (com an.
concipere, catch loco, place), place, station giv
flammas fire. ;

concito, -are, -avi, -atus, stir up, in marriage.

arouse ; drive. conloquium, conloqui, ., confer

Concordia, -aeand cor, ence, interview, talk.

(con
heart), /, agreement, harmony. conloquor, conloqui, conlociitu i

concurro, concurrere, concurri, (com and loquor, talk), tall

concursurus (com and curro, together, confer.

run), run together, rush to- Conor, -ari, -atus, attempt, try.

gether, fight. conqueror, conqueri, conquestus

condicio, condicionis, /, condi- complain, complain of.
tion, plight ;
proposal; agree- consequor, consequi, conseciitu
ment. (com and sequor, follow), fol
 ,

VOCABULARY 99

low up, overtake ; obtain, se- contendo, contendere, contend!,

cure. contentus (com and tendo,
consilium, consili, ., plan, pur- stretch), strive, strive for ; strug-

pose; counsel. gle, fight.

c5nsist6, consistere, constiti, contentus, -a, -um, satisfied, con-

stand, take a position, halt. tent.

consolor, -ari, -atus, comfort. conterritus, -a, -um, frightened.

conspectus, -us, n., sight, appear- contineo, continere, continui, con-
ance ;
presence. tentus (com and teneo, hold),
c5nspicio, conspicere, conspexi, hold, keep, contain.

conspectus (com and specio, contio, c5ntionis, /, meeting,

look), catch sight of, see, behold. assembly.

conspicor, -ari, -atus (com and contionor, -ari, -atus, address an

specio, look), catch sight of, see. assembly, speak.

constituo, c5nstituere, constitui, contra, prep, luith ace, against ;

c5nstitiitus (com and statuo, opposite, off.

place), decide, determine. contraho, contrahere, contraxi,

c5nsul, consulis, m., consul, an contractus (com and traho,

officer of the Roman govern- drag), bring together, gather,

ment. collect.

c5nsularis, consulate, adj., of con- convalesce, convalescere, conva-

sular rank ; as subst., an ex- lui, , regain health, recover.
consul. convallis, convallis, /, valley.
c5nsumo, consumere, consumpsi, conveni5, convenire, conveni,
c5nsiimptus (com and sumo, conventus (com and venio,
. take), use up, destroy, con- come), come together, assem-
sume, exhaust. ble ; agree with ; be agreed ;

contemno, contemnere, con- be fitting, be suitable.

tempsi, contemptus (com and converto, convertere, convert!,

temn5, slight), despise, scorn. conversus (com and verto,

contemplatio, contemplationis, turn), turn, turn around ; put
through evolutions restore,
/, survey, contemplation. ;

contemplor, -ari, -atus, look at, lead.

survey ; consider, ponder. convivium, convivi (com and

contemptus, -a, -um, despicable. v!v5, live). It., feast, banquet.
lOO VOCABULARY
convoco, -are, -avi, -atus (com Creta, -ae, /, Crete, an island in
and VOCO, call), call together. the Mediterranean.
coorior, cooriri, coortus (orior, crinis, crinis, w., hair, hair of the
rise), spring up, arise. head.
copia, -ae,/, plenty, abundance ;
cruentus, -a, -um, bloody, stained
//., military forces, troops. with blood.
cor, cordis, n., the heart; cordi cruor, cruoris, w., blood.
mihi est, it pleases me. crus, cruris, ., leg.
coram, adv., before, in the pres- cubiculum, -i, n., room, apart-
ence of. ment, bedchamber.
coram, prep, with abl., in the pres- culmen, culminis, ., peak, top.
ence of, before. culpa, -ae, /, fault, blame, respon-
COrnu, -us, n., horn, trumpet sibility.

wing (of an army). cultor, cultoris, ;;/., worshiper.

corpus, corporis, ., the body. cum, conj., when, since, though;
corrigo, corrigere, correxi, cor- cum . . . tum, not only . . .

rectus (com and rego, rule), but also.

make straight, correct, make cum, prep, with abl., with, in com-
right, improve. pany with.
corrumpo, corrumpere, corriipi, cumba, -ae,/, boat, skiff.
corruptus (com and rumpo, ciinctor, -ari, -atus, delay, wait,.
burst, break), ruin, weaken; linger.
destroy, corrupt, bribe. cunctus, -a, -um, every, all.

corruo, corruere, corrui, , fall cuneus, -i, w., wedge ; soldiers

to the ground, fall down. arranged in the form of a
COrvus, -i, 771., crow, raven. wedge.
cotidianus, -a, -um, daily. cupid5, cupidinis,/, desire, greed,
COtidie, adv., every day, daily. passion.
eras, adv., to-morrow. cur, adv., why, wherefore ?
cred5, credere, credidi, creditus, cura, -a.Q,f., care, worry, solicitude.
believe. Ciiriatius, Ciiriati, ;., Curiatius,

creo, -are, -avi, -atus, appoint, a family name; Ciiriatii, the

elect, select. Curiatii, the l)rothers who fought
cresco, crescere, crevi, cretus, against the Iloratii.
grow, increase. ciiro, -are, -avi, -atus, care for.
 VOCABULARY [OI

look after ; me dandum ad bes- declino, -are, -avi, -atus, avoid,

tias curavit, he had me given to turn from.
the beasts. decor5, -are, -avi, -atus, honor,
curriculum, -i, ., course ; a race distinguish, decorate.
course. decorus, -a, -um, fitting, proper,
currus, -us, m., chariot. noble.
cursus, -us, w., running; speed; decurr5, decurrere, decurri, de-
course. cursurus (curro, run), run down,
Curtius, Curti, w., a gentile name. rush down.
Mettius Curtius, a Sabine gen- decursus, -us, w., course, way; de-
eral. scent, attack.
Cust5s, custodis, in., guard, pro-
tector, keeper.

cutis, cutis, /, the skin. decutio, decutere, decussi, de-

Cycl5ps, Cyclopis, ;., a Cyclops. cussus (quatio, shake), shake
off, strike off.

damnosus, -a, -um (damnum, deduc5, deducere, deduxi, de-

loss), destructive, injurious, ductus (diico, lead), lead down,
hurtful. carry down, escort.
damnum, -i, n., loss, harm, injury. defatigo, -are, -avi, -atus (fatigo,
de, prep, with abl., down from, weary), wear out, tire out, exhaust.
from, out of; about, concerning, defluo, defluere, defluxi, defluxus
in regard to; de nocte, at night. (fluo, flow), flow away; wither.
debeo, debere, debui, debitus (de deformitas, deformitatis, /, lack
and habeo, have), owe; ought, of beauty, ugliness.
be bound; pass., be due. defrenatus, -a, -um, unbridled,
debilis, debile, weak, helpless. w'ithout restraint.
decerno, decernere, decrevi, de- degener, degeneris, adj., base,
cretus (cern5, separate), decree; ignoble.
settle, determine. deglub5, deglubere, degliipsi, de-
decet, decere, decuit, (imper- gluptus, peel, skin; flay, take
i sonal), it is fitting, it is becom- the hide off.

ing, it is seemly. deinde, adv., then, next, thereafter.

declare, -are, -avi, -atus, show, delabor, delabi, delapsus (labor,
announce. slip), slip down, fall.
102 VOCABULARY
delibero, -are, -avi, -atus (libero, deprehendS, deprehendere, de-
from libra, scales), weigh ;
prehendi, deprehensus (pre-
ponder, deliberate, consider. hend5, grasp), catch, seize.

delitesco, delitescere, delitui, derigo, derigere, derexi, derectus,

hide, conceal one's self. direct, arrange.

demeto, demetere, demessui, de- descendo, descendere, descendi,

messus (meto, reap), mow, cut, descensus (scando, climb),
reap, come dow-n, descend ; dismount.
demigro, -are, -avi, -atus, go away, desero, deserere, deserui, deser-
remove. tus, desert, abandon, forsake.
demiror, -ari, -atus (miror, won- desilio, desilire, desilui, desultus
der), wonder at. (salio, leap), leap down, jump
demitto, demittere, demisi, de- down, dismount.
missus (mitto, send), let down, desino, desinere, desii, desitus,
send down, lower. cease, stop.
demo, demere, dempsi, demptus despero, -are, -avi, -atus (sper5,
(emo, take), take away, remove. hope), give up, despair.
dem6nstr5, -are, -avi, -atus, point desum, deesse, defui, defuturus,
out, show. be lacking.
demulceo, demulcere, demulsi, detergeo, detergere, detersi, de-
demulsus, stroke, caress, tersus (tergeo, wipe), wipe
denique, adv., finally, at last. away, rub off, cleanse.
dens, dentis, ;;/., tooth. deterior, deterius (no positive in
densus, -a, -um, thick. use; jz^/^r/., deterrimus), worse,
denu5, adv., anew, afresh; again, poorer, meaner.
once more. detraho, detrahere, detraxi, de-
depell5, depellere, depuli, depul- tractus (traho, draw), draw
sus (pello, drive), drive away. away, take off, remove.
depl5r5, -are, -avi, -atus (plor5, Deucali5n, Deucalionis, ;//., hus-

weep), lament, mourn, bemoan. band of Pyrrha, son of Prome-

depono, deponere, deposui, de- theus.
positus (pono, place), lay deus, -i, w., a god, God.
aside. devoro, -are, -avi, -atus (voro,

deportd, -are, -avi, -atus, carry devour), devour, snap up, eat
away. greedily.
 VOCABULARY 103

iexter, dextra, dextrum, right, on cessurus (ced5, go), depart.

the right hand. withdraw.
iextra, -ae, /, right hand. disciplina, -ae,/, instruction, train-
iico, dicere, dixi, dictus, say, ing, discipline.

speak, tell, call. disco, discere, didici, , learn.

iictator, dictatoris, w., dicta- discordia, -ae,/, lack of harmony,

tor. discord.
iictum, -i, ., word ; order, com- discordo, -are, -avi, -atus (dis
mand. and cor, heart), be at variance,

lies, diei, ;;/., day. disagree.

iifficile, adv., with difficulty. discrimen, discriminis, w., distinc-

iifficilis, difficile (dis and facilis, tion, difference.

easy), difficult. disicio, disicere, disieci, disiectus,

iigitus, -i, m., a finger. thrust apart, scatter.

iignitas, dignitatis, /, worth, dissidium, dissidi (cf. dissideo,
merit; position, standing. disagree), n., disagreement, dis-
iignus, -a, -um, worthy. sension.
iigressus, -iis, w., departure, with- distraho, distrahere, distraxi,
drawal. distractus (traho, draw), draw
iflanio, -are, -avi, -atus, tear into apart, separate.
pieces, rend. distribuo, distribuere, distribui,
iiligo, diligere, dilexi, dilectus, distribiitus (tribuo, assign),
love, esteem. assign, distribute.

ailiiculo, -are, -avi, -atus, begin diii, adv., a long time, long.
to be light. diutumus, -a, -um, of long dura-
dimico, -are, -avi, -atus, fight, tion, long.

contend. diversus, -a, -um (participle of

dimidium, dimidi, ., a half. diverto, turn in different direc-
dimidius, -a, -um, adj., half. tions), opposite, different, con-
dimitt5, dimittere, dimisi, di- trary ; in diversa, apart, asunder.
missus (mitto, send), send dives, divitis, adj., rich, wealthy.
away, dismiss, let go. divido, dividere, divisi, divisus,
Diogenes, Diogenis, m., a famous separate, part, divide.
philosopher of Greece. divitiae, -arum,/, riches, wealth.

discedo, discedere, discessi, dis- do, dare, dedi, datus, give.

104 VOCABULARY

doceo, docere, docui, doctus, teach, duo, duae, duo, two.

show, instruct. duodecim, twelve,
doctus, -a, -um, learned, skilled. durities {ace. diiritiem), /, hard-
dolor, dol5ris, m., pain, anguish. ness.
dolum, -i, ., trickery, stratagem. durus, -a, -um, hard, harsh, severe,
domesticus, -a, -um (domus, dux, ducis, m., leader, commander.
home), of the home; private.
domicilium, domicili, ., home, e, ex, prep, with abl., out of, out
place of abode. from ; from, of ; in, on ; after,

domina, -ae, /, mistress (of a ebrietas, ebrietatis, /, drunken-

household), a matron. ness, intoxication.
Dominus, -i, m., the Lord. ecce, interj., lo behold ! !

dominus, -i, m., master. ecquid, conj., whether.

domo, domare, domui, domitus, editus, -a, -um, high, elevated.
overcome, subjugate, conquer. ed5, edere, edi, esus, eat.
domus, -us, /, a house, home; edo, edere, edidi, editus (d5,
domi {locative), at home; put), put out, utter.
domum, homeward, to one's ediico, educere, ediixi, eductus
home; domo {ablative)^ from (duco, lead), lead out, lead
home. away.
ddnec, conj., until. educo, -are, -avi, -atus, bring up,
dono, -are, -avi, -atus, present, rear,

give, donate. effero, efferre, extuli, elatus (fero,

donum, -i, n., gift, present. bring), carry out of, bear away.
dubium, dubi, n., doubt dubio ; effervesc5, effervescere, ,

procul, without doubt. light up, glow,

dubius, -a, -um, doubtful, uncer- effigies {ace. effigiem), /, copy,
tain. semblance, likeness.
diico, ducere, diixi, ductus, lead, efflo, -are, -avi, -atus (ex and fl5,

command, direct. breathe), breathe out.

ductor, ductoris, in., leader. effundo, effundere, effudi, effusus
dulcis, dulce, sweet; noble, whole- (ex and fundo, pour), pour out,

some, delightful. spread.

dum, conj., while, as long as ; ego, rael, pers. proti., I.

until. egredior, egredi, egressus (gra-

 ,

VOCABULARY 105

dior, step), go out, escape, get equitatus, -us, ;;/., cavalry, horse-
away. men.
egregius, -a, -um (e and grex, equus, -i, m., horse.
herd), remarkable, out of the or- erg5, adv., therefore, accordingly.
dinary, extraordinary. erigo, erigere, erexi, erectus (rego,
elementum, -i, n., first principle, straighten), lift up, rouse.
element, beginning. erraticus, -a, -um, wandering.
elephantus, -i, m., an elephant. erro, -are, -avi, -atus, wander.
eludo, eludere, elusi, elusus (liido, esto, imperative of sum.
play), sneer at, make sport et, conj., and, even; also; et
of. . . . et, both . . . and.
ematuresco, ematurescere, ema- etenim, conj., for, as you see ; for, as
turui, (inceptive of maturo, you know ; for, as is well known.
ripen), become ripe, begin to etiam (et and lam, now), adv.^
ripen. also, even, likewise, too.

emineo, eminere, eminui, etiamsi, conj., even though.

stand out, stick out. Etruria, -ae, /, the country north
emitto, emittere, emisi, emissus of the Tiber.
(mitto, send), send out, let go, Etruscus, -a, -um, of Etruria,
emit. Etruscan.
emo, emere, emi, emptus, buy, Europa, -ae,/, daughter of Agenor.
purchase. evado, evadere, evasi, evasiirus
enec5, -are, -avi, -atus, kill off, (vado, go), escape.
destroy. evenio, evenire, eveni, eventus
eniin, conj., for. (venio, come), come out; hap-
Ennius, Enni, ;;/,, an early Roman pen, occur.
poet. eventus, -us, m., outcome, result;
ensis, ensis, ;;/., sword. experience.
e5, ire, ivi or ii, iturus, go. evolo, -are, -avi, -atus (volo, fly),

eo, adv., thither, to that place. fly aw^ay.

ephippium, ephippi, n., horse ex, see e.

cloth, saddle. exanimatus, -a, -um (anima,

epulae, -arum,/, feast, banquet. breath), out of breath; breath-
eques, equitis, w., horseman, cav- less; exhausted.
alryman. exaudio, exaudire, exaudivi,
:o6 VOCABULARY

exauditus (audio, hear), hear explic5, explicare, explicavi anc

distinctly. explicui, explicatus and expli
excetra, -ae,/, serpent, dragon. citus (plico, fold), unfold
excio, excire, excivi, excitus, spread out.
rouse, stir, call out. exprimo, exprimere, expressi, ex
excipi5, excipere, excepi, excep- pressus(premo,press), press out
tus (capio, take), take out; exsanguis, exsangue (sanguis
welcome, receive ; withstand. blood), bloodless, exhausted.
excito, -are, -avi, -atus, awake, exsequor, exsequi, exseciitus
rouse, stir. (sequor, follow), follow out
exclamo, -are, -avi, -atus (clamo, carry out, perform, execute,
shout), shout, cry out. exspecto, -are, -avi, -atu!

exemplum, -i, ., model, pattern; (specto, look at), look for

sample, example. await, wait to see.

exeo, exire, exii, exiturus (eo, exspiro, -are, -avi, -atus (spiro
go), go out. breathe), breathe out ; die.

exercitus, -iis, ;., army. exsto, exstare, , (sto, stand)

exigo, exigere, exegi, exactus stand out ; exist, be extant, re

(ago, drive), drive out, expel main.

finish, complete. exsulo, -are, -avi, -atus, be ai

exiguus, -a, -um, small, scanty. exile, be banished.

existimo, -are, -avi, -atus (aes- extendo, extendere, extendi, ex
timo, ponder), think, regard, tentus, stretch out, spread out.
consider. exterreo, exterrere, exterrui, ex
exitium, exiti (cf. exeo), n., going territus (terre5, frighten)
out ; destruction, overthrow. frighten thoroughly, terrify,
exorior, exoriri, exortus (orior, extra, prep, with ace, outside, out
rise), spring up, start, side of, beyond.
exor5, -are, -avi, -atus (or5, extrah5, extrahere, extraxi, ex
plead), entreat earnestly, ask tractus (traho, draw), draw out
urgently. pull out, extract,
experior, experiri, expertus, try, extremus, -a, -um, farthest, last.

test.

expers, expertis, adj., having no faber, fabri, ///., smith, carpenter

part in, without. worker.
 VOCABULARY 107

Fabius, Fabi, ;;/., a Roman gentile fatigo, -are, -avi, -atus, weary,
name, (^uintus Fabius Maxi- tire.

mus, a famous Roman general. fatum, -i, ;/., fate, destiny.

Fabricius, Fabrici, m., a Roman fauces, faucium, /, the throat,
family name. Gaius Fabricius, jaws.
a Roman famous for incorrupti- Faustulus, -i, ;//., the shepherd
bility. who adopted Romulus and
\ fabrico, -are, -avi, -atus, con- Remus.
struct, make, build, fashion, felicitas, felicitatis, /., good for-
form. tune, success.
fabula, -ae, /, narrative, story, felis, felis,/., cat.

fable. f elix, felicis, adj., fortunate, happy.

tabulator, fabulatdris, m., writer femina, -ae,/, woman.
of fables. femineus, -a, -um, of woman.
facete, adv.^ wittily, facetiously. fera, -aJSi,
f.,
wild beast, animal,
fades, -ei, /, form, appearance ; fere, adv., almost, about, nearly.
the face. ferina, -ae, /, flesh of wild
facile, adv., easily, readily. animals,
facinus, facinoris, n., deed ; later, ferinus, -a, -um, belonging to wild
evil deed. beasts, wild.
facio, facere, feci, factus, do, ferme, adv., almost, nearly; about.
make, accomplish. fero, ferre, tuli, latus, bear, carry;
factum, -i (facio, do), n., deed; passive, be said.
undertaking. ferox, ferocis, adj., fierce, warlike.
falsus, -a, -um, groundless, base- ferrum, -i, ;/., iron; a sword,
less, incorrect. weapon.
falx, falcis,/, hook, sickle, scythe. fervo, fervere, ,
,
glow, burn,
fames, famis, /, hunger, starva- be hot.
tion. fervor, fervoris, ;,, heat,
familiaris, familiare (familia, fessus, -a, -um, tired, wearied.
,, household), of a household, fidelis, fidele, faithful, loyal.

I private. Fidenae, -arum, /, city of the

i, famula, -ae, /, female servant, Fidenates.
! handmaid. Fidenates, Fidenatium, m., people
fascis, fascis, m., bundle. of Fidenae.
io8 VOCABULARY

fides, fidei, /, good faith ;

promise, foculus, -i (dim. of focus, hearth),
pledge, assurance; in fidem )){., little hearth, pan for coals,
recipere, receive under pro- portable stove.
tection. foede, adv., disgracefully.
fiducia, -ae,/, confidence, trust. foedus, foederis, n., treaty, cove*
figura, -ae,/, form, shape, figure. nant.
filia, -ae,/, daughter. foedus, -a, -um, foul ; dreadful^
filius, fill, m., son. disgraceful.

fingo, fingere, finxi, fictus, form, folium, foli, ., leaf (of a tree),
fashion, make. fons, fontis, m., fountain, source/
finio, finire, finivi, finitus, bring spring.
to an end, finish, complete. forent, old form for essent.
finis, finis, w., end. foris, foris, /, door, gate, em
fio, fieri, f actus (used as the passive trance.
of facio),be made, be done; be- forma, -ae, /, form, shape, beautyi
come; come about, result, formido, formidinis,/, fear,
happen. formositas, formositatis, /.
firmus, -a, -um, strong, firm, solid, shapeliness, beauty.
steady. forte (ablative of fors), adv.^ b)
flagro, -are, -avi, -atus, burn, blaze, chance.
glow. fortis, forte, brave, courageous.

flamen, flaminis, ;/., blast, wind. fortiter, adv., bravely, coura-t

flamma, -ae,/, fire, flame. geously.

flavesco, flavescere, (incep-
, fortitudo, fortitudinis, /, brav-

tive of flaveo, be yellow), begin ery, courage.

to be yellow, become yellow. fortuna, -ae, /, fortune ; lot,

fleo, flere, flevi, fletus, weep. fate.

floreo, florere, florui, , blossom, forum, -i, n., a market place ; a

bloom; be brilliant. public place ; Forum R6ma-i
flos, floris, w., blossom, flower. num, the Forum of Rome, be-

fluctus, fluctiis, m., wave, billow. tween the Capitoline and Pala-t

fliimen, fluminis, ., stream, tine.

river. fossa, -ae,/., trench,

fluo, fluere, fluxi, fluxus, flow, run, fragor, fragoris, w., crash, roar,t

drip. thunder peal.

 VOCABULARY 109

rango, frangere, fregi, fractus, G., abbreviation of Gaius.

break, crush. Gabii, -orum, m., a city of Latium.
rater, fratris, m., brother. Gabini, -orum, ;//., the Gabinians,
raus, fraudis, /, deceit, treach- the inhabitants of Gabii.
; cry, trick. Gaius, Gai, m., a very common
remitus, -us, in., cries, roaring. Roman praenomen.
renum, -i, ., bridle, galea, -ae, /, helmet.
rigus, frigoris, ., cold, gallina, -ae,/, hen.
irons, frondis, /, green boughs, gallus, -i, m., cock, rooster.
foliage, geminus, -a, -um, born at the
irons, frontis,/, brow, forehead, same time as siibst., gemini,
;

iructus, -us, m., fruit, increase. twins Gemini, the Twins

;

iriimentum, -i, ., grain; //., (Castor and Pollux).

crops. gemitus, -iis, ;;/., a groan.
'?ufetius, Fufeti, m., gentile name gem5, gemere, gemui, , sigh,
of Mettius Fufetius, leader of groan.
the Alban army, generose, adv., nobly, coura-
fuga, -ae,/, flight, geously ;
grandly.
fugio, fugere, fiigi, fugiturus, gens, gentis,/., clan, family ; race,
flee, run away. nation.
Eugo, -are, -avi, -atus, put to flight, genus, generis, ., a kind, sort;
chase away. race.
fulgeo, fulgere, fulsi, , flash, ger5, gerere, gessi, gestus, carry,
glitter, be brilliant. bear, wear do, perform
; man- ;

fulmen, fulminis, ., thunderbolt, age ; bellum gerere, wage war.

lightning. Gigantes, -um, m., the Giants, a
fulvus, -a, -um, yellow, tawny. fabled race who warred against
fiimus, -I, m., smoke. the gods.
fundamentum, -i, ., foundation. glaber, glabra, glabrum, bald,
fundo, -are, -avi, -atus, establish, without hair, smooth.
fix. glacies {ace glaciem, abl. gla-
fundo, fundere, fudi, fiisus, put cie),/, ice.

to rout. gladius, gladi, ;//., sword.

furor, furoris, w., madness, rage, globus, -i, rn., ball, sphere; throng,
frenzy. band.
no VOCABULARY

gloria, -ae, /., glory, fame, re- haereo, haerere, haesi, haesiirus
nown. stick to, cling, be fastened.
gloriabundus, -a, -um, rejoicing, Hannibal, Hannibalis, m., a well
exulting. known Carthaginian general.
glorior, -ari, -atus, boast, exult, baud, adv., not.
Graeci, -5ruin, w., the Greeks, herbidus, -a, -um, grassy.
people of Greece. Hercules, Herculis, w., Hercule
gratia, -ae, /, favor, influence, (son of Jupiter).
popularity ; friendship ; gratia, heri, adv.., yesterday.
for the sake, for the purpose; Herminius, Hermini, w., a Roma
gratiam referre, to return a name. Titus Herminius, a Ro
favor ;
gratias agere, to thank. man soldier.

gratulabundus, -a, -um, congratu- hesternus, -a, -um, of yesterda)

lating, expressing joy, rejoicing. yesterday's.
gratulor, -ari, -atus, congratulate, hie, adv., here, in this place
rejoice. hereupon, at this point.

gratus, -a, -um, pleasing. hie, haec, hoc, dem. pron., this.

gravis, grave, heavy ; serious ;

hiems, hiemis,/, winter,
severe. hinc, adv., from here, hence
grus, gruis, ;. and f., crane. hine . . . hinc, now . . . now.
gubernator, gubernatoris (gu- hodie, adv., to-day.
berno, steer), m., pilot, helms- hodiernus, -a, -um, of to-day, to

man. day's, this day's.

gutta, -ae, /, a drop (of liquids). homo, hominis, m., human being
man, fellow.
habena, -ae, /, thong, strap, rein. honestas, honestatis, /, honor
habeo, habere, habui, habitus, uprightness.
have, hold, possess ; regard, honor, honoris, ;;/., honor, distinc
consider. tion, public office. -

habitaculum, -i, ., dwelling honoror, -ari, -atus, honor.

place. hora, -ae,/, an hour (one twelftl
habito, -are, -avi, -atus (freq. of of the time between sunrise anc
habeo, have), dwell, reside. sunset).
hac, adv., in this place, here. Horatius, Horati, m., Horatius, i

haedus, -i, vi., goat. Roman family name ; Horatii

 VOCABULARY III

the Horatii, the brothers who iam, adv., now, already; at last;

fought against the Curiatii. soon, presently ; n5n iam or

horrendus, -a, -um, terrifying, hor- iam non, no longer.
rible. laniculum, -i, ., the Janiculan
horridus, -a, -um, dreadful, horri- Hill.

ble, abominable. ianua, -ae,/, door, entrance.

hortor, -ari, -atus, urge, exhort. ibi, adv., there, in that place;
hortus, -i, 771., garden. then.
hospes, hospitis, w., host, friend. idcirco, adv., for that reason, there-

Hostilius, Hostili, w., a family fore.

name. idem, eadem, idem, de77i. /r^w.,

hostis, hostis, w., enemy, public same, the same thing; also.

enemy. ideo, adv., for that reason, there-

Hostius, Hosti, tti., a Roman fore.

leader. idoneus, -a, -um, suitable, favor-

hue, adv., hither, to this place. able.

humanus, -a, -um, human, belong- igitur, conj., therefore, accord-

ing to mankind. ingly.

humerus, -i, w., the upper part of ignarus, -a, -um, not knowing,
the arm, muscle ; the shoulder. ignorant, unacquainted with.
humus, -i,yi, earth, ground, soil. ignavia, -ae, /, laziness, idle-

Hyades, -um, f., a group of seven ness.

stars in the head of Taurus. ignis, ignis, 771., fire.

hydra, -ae, water serpent ; hydra ignor5, -are, -avi, -atus, not know,
Lernaea, the Lemaean Hydra. be ignorant.
ilex, nicis, /, an oak.
iaceo, iacere, iacui, iaciturus, lie, ilico, adv., straightway, at once,
lie dead. immediately.
iacio, iacere, ieci, iactus, throw, ille, ilia, illud, that ; that one.
hurl ; lay, establish. illic, adv., there, then.
iact5, -are, -avi, -atus (freq. of imbecillis, imbecille, adj., weak,
iacio, throw), throw, hurl, feeble.
iactus, -us, 771., throwing, throw. imbellia, -ae,/, unfitness for war.
iaculum, -i (iacio, hurl), ., dart, immanitas, immanitatis,/, huge
javelin. size ; savageness, ferocity.
 112 VOCABULARY
immerito, adv., undeservedly, un- impudens, impudentis (in, not,
justly. and pudens, modest), adj..
immitto, immittere, immisi, im- shameless, impudent.
missus (in and mitto, send), let impune, adv., without punishment,
go, let loose, shake out, with impunity.
immortalis, immortale (in, not, imus, see inferior.
and mortalis, mortal), immor- va., prep.: (i) with ace, into, to,
tal, undying. toward, upon, against; (2) with
imperator, imperatoris (impero, abl., in, on, among ; in the case
order), ;;/., commander in chief, of; in the course of.
general ; emperor. inambulo, -are, -avi, -atus (am-
imperi5se, adv., arrogantly, im- bulo, walk), walk up and down.
periously. inanis, inane, empty ; vain, use-
imperium, imperi, ., power, less.
authority; reign, order, com- incertus, -a, -um (in, not, and
mand. certus, certain), uncertain, not
impero, -are, -avi, -atus, order, sure.
direct, command. incid5, incidere, incidi, incasiirus
impetus, -Qs, m., onrush ; fury, (cado, fall), fall in with, meet.
attack. incito, -are, -avi, -atus, rouse, stir,
impinguo, -are, , -atus, make instigate.
fat ; anoint. inclamo, -are, -avi, -atus (clamo,
impius, -a, -um (in, not, and pius, cry), cry out, shout to.
godly), ungodly, wicked. inclino, -are, -avi, -atus, turn, turn
implico, implicare, implicui, im- back, drive back.
plicitus (plico, fold), enfold; includd, incliidere, inclusi, in-
be enwrapped, cliisus (claudo, shut up), shut
impono, imponere, imposui, im- up.
positus (in and pono, place), incola, -ae, w. and f., inhabitant.
put on, place upon. incolo, incolere, incolui, , in-
importunitas, importunitatis, /, habit, dwell in.
disadvantage, unfitness. incolumis, incolume, unharmed,
improbus, -a, -um (in, not, and safe.
probus, upright),' bad, evil, incommodus, -a, -um, trouble-
wicked. some.
 . ,

VOCABULARY 113

increpo, increpare, increpui. in- (fero, bear), bring in; se In-

crepitus, rebuke, upbraid, cen- ferre, rush ; bellum inferre,

sure. begin hostilities.

incursio, incursionis (incurro, run infimus, snperl. of inferior.

upon),/, invasion, attack. infit (defective), begins.

inde, adv., thence, then, after inflo, -are, -avi, -atus (flo, blow),
that. blow on, puff up, inflate.

index, indicis, m., sign, mark, infrende5, infrendere, ,

index. gnash (with the teeth).

[ndia, -ae,/, India. ingemo, ingemere, ingemui,
.ndico, indicere, indixi, indictus groan, sigh.
(dico, say), proclaim, declare; ingenium, ingeni, ., natural dis-
bollum indicere, declare war. position; intellect; character.
[ndicus, -a, -um, of India, Indian. ingens, ingentis, adj., huge, vast,
ndignans, indignantis, adj.^ an- large, great.
gry, displeased, indignant. ingratus, -a, -um, ungrateful, un-
.nduco, indiicere, indiixi, induc- thankful; as subst., an ingrate.
tus (diico, lead), bring in, bring inhabitabilis, inhabitabile, unin-
on, introduce ; show, display. habitable.
i.ndu6, induere, indui, indutus, inhabits, -are, -avi, -atus, dwell.
put on, put into ; dress. inhaereo, inhaerere, inhaesi, in-
.nebrians, inebriantis, adj., filled haesurus (haereo, stick), stick,

full, running over. be fastened.

.neo, inire, inii, initus (eo, go), inhio, -are, -avi, -atus, open the
go into, enter upon ; find, dis- mouth; desire, long for.

cover. inici5, inicere. inieci, iniectus

.nermis, inerme (in, not, and (iacio, hurl), put, thrust, hurl.

arma), unarmed. inimicus, -a, -um (in, not, and

infensus, -a, -um, roused, en- amicus, friendly), unfriendly,
raged. hostile.

inferior, inferius, lower, weaker inimicus, -i, w., enemy,, personal

(no positive) ; stiperl., infimus enemy.
and imus, lowest; ab infimo, iniquus, -a, -um (in, not, and
at the bottom. aequus, fair), unjust.

infero, inferre, intuli, inlatus iniussii (only in ablative), without

GALL. LAT. READ. I

114 VOCABULARY

order, without command; meo inspir5, -are, -avi, -atus (spiro,

iniussu, without my order. breathe), breathe into, blow
inlacrimo, -are, -avi, -atus, weep, open.
be in tears. insuper, adv., also, in addition,
inlecebra, -ae, /, charm, delight, intactus, -a, -um, untouched,
allurement. integer, integra, integrum(in, not,
inligo, -are, -avi, -atus, bind to, and tango, touch), untouched,
fasten to. unimpaired, unchanged.
inlucesco, inlticescere, inluxi, intellego, intellegere, intellexi,
grow light, dawn. intellectus (inter and lego,
inmitt5, inmittere, inmisi, inmis- pick), understand, perceive,
sus (mitto, send), let go, send, intendo, intendere, intendi, in-
hurl; luith reflexive, rush. tentus (tendo, stretch), stretch
innocuus, -a, -um, harmless, in- toward, direct.
nocent. inter, prep, with ace, among, be-
inopia, -ae, /, poverty, need, lack. tween,
inquino, -are, -avi, -atus, detile, intercludo, intercliidere, inter-
stain. clusi, interclusus, shut off.

inquit (defective), he (or she) interdiu, adv., sometimes,

says. (Used after one or more interdum, adv., sometimes,
words of a direct quotation.) interea, adv., meanwhile, in the

insanabilis, insanabile, incura- meantime.

ble ; incapable of reform. interficio, interficere, interfeci
insania, -ae, /, insanity, mad- interfectus (facio, do), kill,

ness. put to death.

inscendo, inscendere, inscendi, interim, adv., in the meantime,
inscensus (scando, climb), meanwhile.
climb on, mount. interims, interimere, interemi,
insideo, insidere, insedi, insessus interemptus, kill, slay.

(sedeo, sit), sit upon. interior, interius, comp., inner,

insigne, insignis, ., mark, token inner part of ; superl., intimus,

badge, decoration. inmost, inmost part of.

inspicio, inspicere, inspexi, in- interpreter, -ari, -atus, explain,

spectus (specio, look), look interpret ; decide, determine.
into, investigate. interquiesco, interquiescere, in-
 ,

VOCABULARY 115

terquievi, inter quietus (qui- invidiosus, -a, -um, unpopular.

esco, become quiet), rest, pause invito, -are, -avi, -atus, ask, in-
for a time, cease. vite, urge.

interrogo, -are, -avi, -atus (rogo, invoco, -are, -avi, -atus (voc5,
ask), ask, inquire, call), call upon, invoke.
interrumpo, interrumpere, in- involucris, involucre, wingless,
terrupl, interruptus (rumpo, without wings.
break), destroy. ipse, -a, -um (intensive pronoun),
intersum, interesse, interfui, self.

be present at. ira, -ae,/, rage, anger.

intimus, see interior. Iris, Iris, /, messenger of Juno.
intra, prep, with ace, within, in- irretio, irretire, irretivi, irretitus
side. (in and rete, net), catch in net,
intremo, -are, intremui, , shake, entangle, snare.
quiver, tremble. is, ea, id, dem. pron., he, she, it,

intro, -are, -avi, -atus, enter. they; this, that.

introdiico, introducere, intrddiixi, iste, ista, istud, that of yours,
intr5ductus (diico, lead), lead that.

within, introduce. ita (cf. is), adv., so, in this way,

introeo, introire, introivi and in- thus, as follows.
troii, introitus (intro, within, Italia, -ae,/, Italy.
and eo, go), go within, enter. itaque (ita and que, and), conj.,

introgredior, introgredi, intro- and so, accordingly.

gressus (gradior, step), step iter, itineris, n., a going; way,

within, enter. journey, course.
intus, adv., within, on the inside, itero, -are, -avi, -atus, renew.
inside. itidem, adv., likewise, just so.

invado, invadere, invasi, invasus iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussus, bid,

(vado, go), go into, invade ; at- order.
tack. iucunde, adv., in a pleasing fashion,
invenio, invenire, inveni, inven- delightfully.
tus (venio, come), come upon, iMicium, iudici, ;?., judgment; the
find ; discover, invent. judgment.
invidia, -ae, /, jealousy, envy ;
iiidico, -are, -avi, -atus, adjudge,
hatred. declare.
 :6 VOCABULARY
iugum, -i, ., ridge; yoke. lacrima, -a.e,f., tear.
iungo, iungere, iunxi, iunctus, lacteus, -a, -um, of milk, milk;
join, unite; form, make. Via Lactea, the Milky Way.
luno, lunonis, /, Juno (daughter laetus, -a, -um, glad, joyful; fruit-

of Saturn). ful, abundant.

luppiter, lovis, vi., Jupiter ; a lanio, -are, -avi, -atus, tear to
planet. pieces.
ius, iuris, n., right; rights, priv- lapis, lapidis, m., stone.
ilege; justice. laqueus, -i, in., noose, snare,
iussu (only in ablative), by order trap.
of, at the command of. Larcius, Larci, ;;/., a Roman name.
iustitia, -ae, /, justice ;
goddess Spurius Larcius, a Roman sol-
of justice, uprightness. dier.

iiistus, -a, -um, just; as subsL, latebrae, -arum, /, hiding place.

iusti, the just. Iatebr5sus, -a, -um, full of hiding
iuvenca, -ae,/, young cow, heifer. places.
iuvencus, -i, m., bullock. Latine, adv., in Latin ; Latine
iuvenis, iuvenis, w., young per- scire, to understand the Latin
son, a youth. language.
inventus, iuventiitis, /, youth Latini, -orum, ;;/.,, the Latins.
young persons, young men. Latinus, -i, m., king of the
iuv5, iuvare, iuvi, iutus, aid, assist, Latins.
help. Iatr5, -are, -avi, -atus, bark (like

a dog).
labor, laboris, m., labor, toil, ex- latus, lateris, n., the side; the
ertion; hardship, struggle. chest, lungs ; flank (of an
labor, labi, lapsus, glide, move. army).
lac, lactis, ., milk. latus, -a, -um, broad, wide.
Lacedaem5nius, Lacedaem5ni, laudo, -are, -avi, -atus, praise,

w., a native of Lacedaemon, a commend.

Spartan. laus, laudis, /, praise, renown;
lacer, lacera, lacerum, torn, lacer- achievement.
ated, mangled. laute, adv., elegantly, finely.
lacertus, -i, m., arm muscles, mus- Lavinia, -ae, /, daughter of La-
cles; strength. tinus.
 VOCABULARY 17

Lavinium, Lavini, ., a town of licet, licere, licuit, (imper-

Italy founded by Aeneas. sonal), it is permitted, is al-

legatus, -i, ;//., envoy, delegate, lowed; may; mihi licet ire, I
representative. "^^y go> I 3-'^'' permitted to go.
Iegi5, legionis,/, legion. lictor, lictoris, w., lictor, official
Ieg5, legere, legi, lectus, choose, attendant of a magistrate.
select; read. lignum, -i, ., stick of firewood,
leniter, adv., gently. timber, wood; tree.

leo, leonis, w., lion ; Leo, a con- lingua, -ae, /, the tongue; lan-
stellation. guage.
Leonidas, -ae, w., a king of littera, -ae,/, in the suig., a letter
Sparta, killed at Thermopylae. of the alphabet; in the pL,
lepide, adv., neatly, cleverly, a letter, an epistle.
gracefully. litus, litoris, ., shore, bank.
lepus, leporis, m., a hare. loco, -are, -avi, -atus, place, put,
Lernaeus, -a, -um, of Lema (a station.
forest near Argos). locus, -i, ni.y place, position ; op-
levis, leve, light; false, worthless; portunity; //., loca, -5rum, n.
unimportant. longitiido, longitiidinis,/, length.
levitas, levitatis, /, lightness, longus, -a, -um, long.
speed. loquor, loqui, lociitus, speak,,
levo, -are, -avi, -atus, lighten, re- say.
lieve. 15rum, -i, n., thong, rein.
lex, legis, /, law. liibricus, -a, -um, slippery; de-
liber, libri, ;., book. ceitful, evil.
liber, libera, liberum, free, unfet- Lucius, Luci, ;;/., a Roman
tered, independent. praenomen.
Liber, Liberi, w., an Italian god. luctus, -us, m., giief, sorrow,
liberd, -are, -avi, -atus, free, re- trouble.
lease. liimen, liiminis, ., light, a light.
libertas, libertatis,/, liberty, free- liina, -ae,/, the moon.
dom. lupa, -ae, /, she-wolf.
libra, -ae, /, balance, scales; a lupus, -i, m., wolf.
pound ; Libra, a constellation. liistralis, liistrale, purifying, of
Libya, -ae, /, Libya. purification.
ii8 VOCABULARY

lux, lucis,/, light; luce oriente, maledictus (dico, say), abuse,

at the coming of the light, at reproach, be abusive.
daybreak; prima luce, at day- maleficus, -i, in., evil doer,
break. malo, malle, malui, (magis and
luxuriosus, -a, -um (luxuria, lux- volo, wish), wish more, prefer.

ury, and -OSUS, full of), luxurious, malum, -i, n., evil, an evil, an evil

extravagant, prodigal, profligate. thing; misfortune, calamity,

malus, -a, -um {comp., peior;

M., abbreviation of Marcus, super L, pessimus), bad, evil,

machina, ^ae, /, machine ; device, wicked; as subst., the bad, the

trick, trap. wicked.

machinator, machinatoris, m., maneo, manere, mansi, mansii-
plotter, schemer. rus, stay behind, remain.

madidus, -a, -um, dripping. manifestus, -a, -um, clearly seen,

magis, adv., more; superl.. max- visible.

ime, most, especially. mansues, mansuetis, adj., tame,

magister, magistri, m., master; kind, gentle.
teacher; magister equitum, manus, -iis, /, a hand ; a hand at
master of horse, work, workman; a band.
magistratus, -us (cf. magister, Marcus, -i, m., a common Roman'
master), ;;/., magistrate; magis- praenomen.
tracy. mare, maris, n., sea, the sea.

magnitudo, magnitudinis, /., Mars, Martis, ;;/., the god of war;

greatness, large size, magnitude. a planet.

magnopere (magno opere, with massa, -ae,/, mass, quantity.

great effort), adv., greatly, very mater, matris,/, mother.

much, matrim5nium, matrim5ni (mater,
magnus, -a, -um {co??tp., maior; mother), n., matrimony; in

super I., maximus), great, large, matrimonium ducere, marry

maiestas, maiestatis, /, great- (used only of the men),
ness; dignity, authority. maturus, -a, -um, early, immediate,
maior, see magnus. maximus, see magnus.
male, adv., badly, ill, wrongly, Maximus, -i, m., a family name.

wickedly. Q. Fabius Maximus, the general

maledico, maledicere, maledixi, who fought against Hannibal.
 ;

VOCABULARY 119

mecum = cum me. of noon; s51 meridianus, the

1 medicus, -i, jn., doctor, physician, noonday sun.

I
surgeon. meridies, , /., noon; the South,
meditor, -ari, -atus, meditate, messis, messis (meto, reap), /,
I

j
ponder. harvest, reaping,
I medius, -a, -um, in the middle, meto, metere, messui, messus,
middle; in medium, into the reap; mow, pluck, cut.
center ; in medio, in the Mettius. Metti, w., a Roman name.
midst. See Curtius and Fufetius.
'

mehercule, by Hercules 1 metuens, metuentis, adj., fearing,

mel, mellis, n., honey, having regard for.

membrum, -i, w., limb, member, metus, -lis, vi., fear, anxiety.
part. mens, mea, meum, poss. pron.,
I

I memor, memoris, adj., mindful my, mine.

esto memor, remember. migro, -are, -avi, -atus, change
memoria, -ae, /, memory recol- one's residence, move, remove.
;

lection, record. miles, militis, m., soldier; sol-

memoro, -are, -avi, -atus, relate, diery, army.

tell, narrate. militaris, militare, military.

mens, mentis, /, mind, intel- mille (indeclinable), a thousand,
lect, reason ;
purpose, meaning, thousand ; //., milia, milium,
thought. etc.

mensa, -ae, /. table. Mil5, -onis, 7n., a well-known

merces, mercedis, /, reward, pay, athlete of Croton.
recompense. milvius, milvi, ;;/., kite (a bird).
i
Merciirius, Mercuri, w.. Mercury minaciter, adv., menacingly,
(a planet). threateningly.
mereo, merere, merui, meritus, minimus, super I. c?/ parvus, which
deserve, merit, earn. see.

;
mereor, mereri, meritus, deserve, minitor, -ari, -atus, threaten.
; merit, earn. minor, see parvus,
j mergo, mergere, mersi, mersus, minus, adz'., less.

i sink, send to the bottom dis- ; mirabilis, mirabile, wonderful,

appear. marvelous.
meridianus, -a, -um, of midday. miraculum, -i, ., wonder, marvel.
 20 VOCABULARY

mirificus, -a, -um, wonderful, mos, moris, w., custom, habit;

marvelous. //., m5res, character.
miser, misera, miserum, wretched, motus, -lis, w., motion.
unfortunate; miseri, the un- moveo, movere, m5vi, motus,
fortunate. move, stir, set in motion,

misericordia, -ae, /, tenderness, mox, adv., soon, presently, quickly.

mercy, compassion. Mucius, Miici, /., a Roman gen-
missilia, missilium, ., missiles. tile name. Mucius Scaevola, the
mitis, mite, gentle. Roman who tried to kill Por-
mitto, mittere, misi, missus, senna.
send; throw, cast. mulceo, mulcere, mulsi, mulsus,
moderor, -ari, -atus, control. fondle, caress.

modo, adv., only, merely if ; only. mulier, mulieris, /, woman ; wife,

modus, -i, w., manner, way. multifariam, adv., in many places.

molestus, -a, -um, burdensome, multitiido, multitudinis, /, great

irksome, disagreeable. number, numbers,
moneo, monere, monui, monitus, multum, much;
rti^iV., ^ow/,, plus;
warn, remind, admonish, advise. superl., plurimum.
monile, monilis, w., necklace, multus, -a, -um, comp., pliis ; su-

collar. perl., plurimus, much; in pL,

m5ns, mentis, m., mountain. many,
monstro, -are, -avi, -atus, point mundus, -i, in., world, universe,
out, show. miinus, muneris, ;/., duty, service,

montanus, -a, -um, of the moun- function, office; gift, reward.

tains, mountain. murmur, murmuris, ., murmur-
mora, -ae,yC, delay, hesitation. ing, roaring,

moribundus, -a, -um, dying. mus, muris, m., mouse.

morior, mori, mortuus, die; perf. musa, -ae, /, Muse, one of the
part., mortui, the dead. nine Muses.
moror, -ari, -atus, delay, linger, miisculus, -i (dim. of mus,
wait; care for, heed. mouse), little mouse.
mors, mortis,/, death. miito, -are, -avi, -atus, change,

morsus, -lis, w., a bite, a biting. alter.

mortalis, mortale, mortal, human. mutuus, -a, -um, reciprocal, on

mortuus, -a, -um, see morior. both sides, mutual.
 ;

VOCABULARY 121

Myndii, -orum, /;/., the people of nemo dat. nemini, ace. nemi-
Myndus. nem (ne, not, and homo,
Myndus, -i,/, a very small city of human being), nobody, no one.
Asia Minor. (In the other cases and in
the plural forms of niillus are
nam, couj., for. used.)
narro, -are, -avi, -atus, describe, Neptiinus, -i, m,, Neptune, divinity
narrate, tell. who ruled the sea.
nascor, nasci, natus, be born. neque or nec (ne, not, and que,
Nasica, -ae, ;., one of the names and), conj., and . . . not, nor;
of Publius Cornelius Scipio neque . . . neque, neither . . .

Nasica. nor.

naturalis, naturale, natural nequiquam, adv., in vain, to no

usual. purpose, needlessly.
nauta, -ae, ;., sailor. neuter, neutra, neutrum, neither
navigo, -are, -avi, -atus, go in a (of two).
boat, sail. nidulor, -ari, -atus, build a little

navis, navis,/, ship, boat. nest, build a nest.

-ne, enclitic, the sign of a question. nidulus, -i (dim. of nidus, nest),

ne, conj., that not, lest. m., little nest.

ne, adv., not; used in commands, nidus, -i, m., nest.

exhortations, and wishes. nihil (indeclinable), ., nothing,
nebula, -ae, f., mist, vapor, fog, nil (indeclinable), n., nothing.
cloud. nimbus, -i, m., rain cloud.
nec, see neque. nimis, adv., in excess, too much.
necesse (indeclinable), <7(^'., neces- nimius, -a, -um, excessive, too
sary, inevitable. great, too much,
neco, -are, -avi, -atus, kill. nisi, cottj., if not, unless, except.

nectar, nectaris, ., nectar, drink nisus, -us, ;., endeavor, effort,

of the gods. exertion.

nego, -are, -avi, -atus, say no, re- nitor, nitoris, m., brilliance, bright-
fuse, deny. ness.
neg5tium, negoti (nec, not, and no, nare, navi, natus, swim.
otium, leisure), ., business, nobilis, nobile, known, famous;
undertaking. of noble birth, of high station.
122 VOCABULARY

nobilito, -are, -avi, -atus (nobilis, numen, numinis, ., divinity, di-

known), make known; make vine authority.

famous, render renowned. numerus, -i, ;;/., number.
noctu, adv., by night, at night. Numitor, Numitoris, ;;/., a son of
nolo, nolle, nolui, (ne, not, volo, Silvius Procas.

wish), not wish, be unwilling. numquam (ne, not, umquam,

nomen, nominis, ., a name. ever), adv., never.
non, adv., not. nunc, adv., now, at this time; after

nondum, adv., not yet. all, as it is.

nosco, noscere, novi, notus, learn, nuntia, -ae, /, messenger.

know. nuntio, -are, -avi, -atus, report, tell.

nosmetipsi, strengthened form of nuntius, niinti, m., messenger.

nos. niiper, adv., recently, lately.

noster, nostra, nostrum, poss.

profi., our, our own. 0, interj., O Oh ! !

notabilis, notabile, noticeable, Ob, prep, tvith ace, on account of.

noteworthy. Obliquus, -a, -um, slanting, cross-

notitia, -ae,/., acquaintance. wise, oblique.

Notus, -i, ;;/., the South Wind. oboedio, oboedire, oboedivi, oboe-
novus, -a, -um, new, novel, strange. ditus, listen to ; obey.
nox, noctis,/., the night; de nocte, obruo, obruere, obrui, obrutus
by night. (ruo, fall), overwhelm, crush;
nubes, nubis,/, a cloud. cover ; sow, plant.
nubila, -orum, n., clouds. obsequibilis, obsequibile, obedi-
nudo, -are, -avi, -atus, lay bare, ent, compliant.

expose. observo, -are, -avi, -atus, notice,

nudus, -a, -um, bare, exposed. give heed to.

nugator, nugatoris (nugor, play Obsidio, obsidionis, /, siege, in-

the fool), vt., trifler, silly person. vestment, blockade.
nullus, -a, -um (ne and ullus, obstupefacio, obstupefacere, ob-
any), not any, no, none. stupefeci, obstupefactus, as-

num, adv. (Shows in questions tonish, astound, amaze.

that a negative answer is ex- obtineo, obtinere, obtinui, obten-

pected, as, num scribis? you are tus (teneo, hold), hold; main-
not writing, are you?) tain ;
prevail.
 VOCABULARY 23

obtrunco, -are, -avi, -atus (trunco, '

operae pretium est, it is worth
lop), cut to pieces, kill. while.
Obviam, (nkK, in the way, against, operio, operire, operui, opertus
to meet obviam venio, meet.
;
(ob and perio, cover), cover,
occasio, occasionis, /, opportu- overwhelm.
nity, occasion. Opifex, opificis, m. and f., worker,
,
OCCasus, -us, m., setting. maker.
occidens, occidentis, ;;/., the set- opimus, -a, -um, rich, fat.

ting sun ; the West. opinio, opinionis, /, belief, notion,

I occido, occidere, occidi, occisus opinion.
(ob and caedo, cut), kill, slay. oppidum, -i, ;z., walled town, town.
: occupo, -are, -avi, -atus, take opprimo, opprimere, oppressi,
possession of, seize ; perf. part., oppressus (ob and premo,
busy, engaged, occupied. crush), crush, destroy.
Oceanus, -i, m., the ocean. oppugnati5, oppugnati5nis, /,
OCto, eight. assault, storming.

I
oculus, -i, ;;/., the eye ; in oculis, ops, opis,/, power, means ; help,
before our eyes. assistance.

offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus (ob opto, -are, -avi, -atus, choose, se-
and fero, bring), bring before, lect, prefer ; desire, wish.

present, offer. Opus, operis, n., work ; need, ne-

oleum, -i, n., oil. cessity.

Olympia, -ae, /, Olympia, the orbis, orbis, m., circle ; orbis ter-
place in Greece where the rarum, the world.
Olympic games were held. 5rdior, ordiri, orsus, begin, com-
omnipotens, omnipotentis, adj., mence.
all-powerful. ordo, ordinis, m., bank (of oars),

omnis, omne, all, every, the rank (of soldiers), line.

whole. oriens, orientis, m., the rising sun,

oner5, -are, -avi, -atus, load, load the East.
I
down, burden. Orion, Orionis, m., a mythical

[
onus, oneris, n., load, burden. giant ; name of a constella-

: Onustus, -a, -um, laden, loaded, tion.

burdened. orior, oriri, ortus, arise, rise,

opera, -ae, /, effort, work, service; spring from.

124 VOCABULARY

orno, -are, -avi, -atus, equip, pre- parens, parentis, m., parent.
pare. pario, parere, peperi, partus,
oro, -are, -avi, -atus, beg, plead, bring forth ; lay (of eggs) ; get,

urge. secure, win.

ortus, -us, ;;/., rising. Parnasus, -i, m., a high mountain
OS, oris, n., the mouth ; face, in Phocis.

countenance. paro, -are, -avi, -atus, prepare,

OS, ossis, ti., bone. secure.
ostendo, ostendere, ostendi, os- pars, partis, /, part, portion,
tentus (os (equals ob) and share ;
partes, party.
tend5, stretch), hold out, ex- parsimonia, -ae, /, thrift, econ-
tend ; show, display. omy.
ostium, osti (os, mouth), n., an en- particula, -ae, / (dim. of pars,
trance, door; mouth (of rivers). part), little part, small portion,
oti5sus, -a, -um (otium, quiet), particle.

calm, quiet, tranquil, undis- partior, partiri, partitus (pars, a

turbed. part), divide into portions, make
ovis, ovis,/, sheep. a division.
ovum, -i, n., egg. parvulus, -a, -um (dim. of par-
vus, small), very small, tiny.

pabulum, -i, n., fodder, feed, for- parvus, -a, -um {comp., minor;
age, food. superi., minimus), little, small.

Palatium, Palati, ., the Palatine pascor, pasci, pastus, feed,

hill ; the imperial palace, graze.

palma, -ae, /, palm branch pascua, -ae,/, pasture.
prize, victory. passim, adv., in all directions.

Pan, Panos {ace. Pana), m., Fan passus, -us, m., a pace ; miUe
(god of shepherds). passuum, a thousand paces, a
pando, pandere, pandi, passus, Roman mile.
open, unfold, stretch out. pastor, pastoris, w., feeder, shep-
papaver, papaveris, ., poppy. herd.
par, paris, adj., equal, alike. pastus, -us, m., food, sustenance.
paratus, -a, -um, ready, prepared. patefacio, patefacere, patefeci,
parco, parcere, peperci or parsi, patefactus (pateo and facio,

parciturus and parsurus, spare. make), make open, open.

 VOCABULARY 25

pater, patris, ;//., father; Patres, pellis, pellis,/, the skin, hide.
Patrum, Roman senators. pell5, pellere, pepuli, pulsus,
paternus, -a, -um, of a father, pa- drive out, expel.
ternal. pendens, pendentis, adj., hanging,
patientia, -ae, /, endurance, for- suspended.
bearance, patience. penetro, -are, -avi, -atus, make
patior, pati, passus, permit, suf- one's way.
fer, allow. penitus, adv., deeply, far within.
patria, -ae,/, native land, father- penna, -ae, /., feather, wing,
land. pinion.
pauci, -ae, -a, few, a few. per, prep, with ace, through, by
paulatim, adv., little by little, means of.

gradually. percutio, percutere, percussi, per-

paulo, adv., a little; paulo post, cussus (quatio, shake), shake
a little later. violently.

paululum (paulum, a little), adv., perdo, perdere, perdidi, perditus,

a little, a very little. lose ; destroy, ruin.
pauper, pauperis, adj., poor, with- pereo, perire, peril, periturus
out money. (eo, go), go away ;
perish.
pavefactus, -a, -um, frightened, perfidia, -ae, /, treachery, perfidy.
alarmed. perfidus, -a, -um, faithless, per-
pavo, pavonis, m. and /., pea- fidious.

cock. perf odio, perf odere, perfossi, per-

pax, pads,/, peace. fossus (fodio, pierce), stab,

peccator, peccatoris (pecc5, sin), pierce through.

m., sinner. perg5, pergere, perrexi, perrec-
pectus, pectoris, w., breast, heart. tus (rego, rule), proceed, go
peciinia, -ae, /, money, property. on.
pecus, pecoris, n., cattle, a herd ;
periculosus, -a, -um (periculum,
the flock. danger), perilous, dangerous.
peditatus, -iis, w., footmen, infan- periculum, -i, ., trial, test ; dan-
try. ger, peril, risk.
pelagus, -i, ., sea. peritus, -a, -um, skilled, expe-
pellicio, pellicere, pellexi, pel- rienced, famiHar with.
lectus, charm, allure, attract. permetior, permetiri, permensus
126 VOCABULARY
(metior, measure), measure off; placeo, placere, placui, placitus,
traverse, journey over. please, be agreeable ; (imper-
pernicies, perniciei, /, destruc- sonal), be pleasing, seem good.
tion. placide, adv., calmly, quietly.
perperam, adv., wrongly, unjustly. plaga, -ae,/, net, snare, trap.
persequor, persequi, persecutus plane, adv., plainly, clearly ;
quite,

(sequor, follow), follow up. fully.

Perses, -ae, m., native of Persia, planeta, -ae, m., wandering star,

a Persian. planet.
perspici5, perspicere, perspexi, plants, -are, -avi, -atus, plant,

perspectus Tspecio, see), see set out.

through, discern. Pleiades, -um,/, seven stars form-

perterritus, -a, -um, greatly fright- ing a constellation.
ened, panic-stricken. plenus, -a, -um, full, filled.

pervenio, pervenire, perveni,per- plerumque, adv., usually, gen-

venturus (venio, come), arrive, erally.

reach. plumo, -are, -avi, -atus, have

pes, pedis, m., a foot, the foot. feathers, feather out.
pestilentia, -ae, /, plague, ruin. plurimum, super I. ^/multum.
peto, petere, petivi or petii, peti- poena, -ae,/, penalty, punish-
tus, seek, ask, demand. ment ; poenas dare, pay the
petulantia, -ae, /, wantonness, penalty.
mischievousness. Poenus, -a, -um, Carthaginian, be-
phalerae, -arum,/, trappings. longing to Carthage ; subst., a

Philippus, -1, w., Philip, the name Carthaginian, native of Carthage,

of several kings of Macedon. poeta, -ae, m., a poet.
philosophus, -i, m., philosopher. Pol, interj., by Pollux !

Phrygia, -ae,/, a country of Asia polliceor, polliceri, poUicitus,

Minor. promise.
pietas, pietatis, /, piety. Pollux, PoUucis, in., Pollux,

pilus, -i, w., a hair. (brother of Castor); name of a

pinguis, pingue, fat. constellation.

piscis, piscis, /;/., a fish ; Pisces, a pondus, ponderis, //., a weight,

constellation. pono, ponere, posui, positus, set

pistrinum, -i, ., mill. aside, put, place.

 ;

VOCABULARY 27

pons, pontis, ;;/., bridge. praecipio, praecipere, praecepi,

pontus, -i, ///., sea. praeceptus (capio, take), take
populus, -i, VI., a people, nation. in advance; teach, instruct;

porg5, porgere, , , stretch out, direct, enjoin.

extend. praecipue, adv., particularly, espe-

Porsenna, -ae, m., Porsenna (king cially.

of Clusium). praeclarus, -a -um, noble, excel-

porta, -ae,/, gate. lent.

porto, -are, -avi, -atus, carry. praeco, praeconis, m., herald.

possideo, possidere, possedi, pos- praeda, -ae,/, spoil, booty, prey.

sessus (por (equals pro) and praefulgeo, praefulgere, prae-

sedeo, sit), possess, hold. fulsi, (fulgeo, shine), shine
possum, posse, potui, , be able, brilliantly, glitter.

! can, have power. praehibeo, praehibere, praehibui,

''

post, pj-ep. -with ace, after, be- praehibitus (habe5, hold), hold
hind. before, offer ;
give.

post, adv., afterwards, later, after. praeiudicium, praeiiidici, n.

postea, adv., afterwards, later, (iiidico, judge), preliminary
posterus, -a, -um, next, following; judgment, premature decision
posteri, descendants ; postero prejudice.
die, on the following day; praemitto, praemittere, praemisi,
sziperl, postremus ; ad postre- praemissus (mitto, send), send
mum, finally, at last. ahead.
postquam, conj., after. praemium, praemi, n., reward.
postuld, -are, -avi, -atus, call for, praeponS, praeponere, praeposui,
demand. praepositus (pono, put), place
potens, potentis, adj., powerful. before, prefer.
potestas, potestatis, /, power, praesepe, praesepis, n., stall,

authority, office ; in potestate, manger.

under control. praeses, praesidis, w., protector;
potius, adv. {conip.), rather; president, ruler.
siiperl, potissimum, before all praesidium, praesidi, n., protec-
others, chiefly. tion ;
guard, garrison.
prae, prep, with abl., before; on praestantia, -ae, /, superiority,
account of, for. preeminence.
128 VOCABULARY

praeter, prep, with ace, further of; instead of, in the place of,

th'an, beyond, except. before ;

pro more, according to
praetereo, praeterire, praeterii, custom.
praeteritus (eo, go), go beyond, probo, -are, -avi, -atus, approvd,
go by. indorse.
pratum, -i, w., meadow. proboscis, proboscidis, /, trunk
pravus, -a, -um, twisted, crooked; (of an elephant), proboscis.
bad, evil, wicked. procedo, procedere, processi, pro-
pieces, precum (only in the cessurus (cedo, go), go forward,
plural), f., entreaties; supplica- advance.
tion, prayer. procella, -ae, /, storm, blast ; at-

precor, -ari, -atus, pray. tack, charge.

premo, premere, pressi, pressus, proceres, -um, w., leading men,

press ; burden, load. chiefs, nobles.

preti5se, adv., expensively, in procul, adv., in the distance, far

costly fashion. away ; procul dubio, without
pretium, preti, n., worth, value; doubt.
pay, reward; ransom; operae Proculus, -i, m., a Roman who
pretium est, it is worth while; claimed he saw Romulus after
parvi preti, of little value. death.
primo, adv., at first. prodeo, prodire, pr5dii, proditii-
primores, primorum, in., chiefs, rus (eo, go), go forward, ad-
nobles, leading men. vance.
primus, -a, -um, first. pr5ditio, pr5diti5nis, /, treason,
princeps, principis, m., leader, treachery.
principatus, -us, m., leadership. proelior, -ari, -atus, fight, strug-
principium, principi, n., begin- gle, battle.

ning. proelium, proeli, ., fight, battle,

prior, prius, former, first (of two), contest.

previous; superl., primus, first. profanus, -a, -um, without the
prius, adv., before, sooner, first; temple ; wicked, profane.
rather, profecto (pro and factum), adv.^
privatus, -a, -um, in private life, surely, certainly.

as a private citizen. proficiscor, proficisci, profectus,

pro, prep, with abl., for, in behalf set out, depart.
 VOCABULARY 129

progredior, progredi, pr5gressus prora, -ae,/, prow (of a ship).

(gradior, step), go forward. prorsum, adv., entirely, altogether.

prohibeo, prohibere, prohibui, prosilio, prosilire, , , leap.

prohibitus (habeo, hold), hold prospero, -are, -avi, -atus, pros-
off, prevent, hinder. per, do well.

proicio, proicere, proieci, pro- protinus, adv., straightway, at

icetus, drive away, hurl forward. once.

proinde, adv., therefore. pr5videns, providentis, adj., pru-

promo, promere, prompsi, promp- dent, advisable.

tus (pr5 and emo, take), take provideo, providere, providi, pro-
out, bring forth; produce. visus (video, look), look out for,

pr5mptus, -a, -um, disposed, in- foresee; provide, take care of.

clined. provincia, -ae,/, a province.

promptus, -us, ;;/., readiness, be- pr6voc5, -are, -avi, -atus (voco,
ing at hand ; in promptu, at call), challenge.

hand. provolo, -are,

, (vol5, fly),
prope, adv., almost, nearly. fly forth, rush forward.
prope, prep. %vith ace, near. proximus, -a, -um, nearest, next.
propero, -are, -avi, -atus, hasten, priidentia, -ae, /, wisdom, fore-
hurry. sight, prudence, discretion.
propinqui, -orum, m., relatives, publicus, -a, -um, of the people,
kindred. public; open, visible; per publi-
propior, nearer ; super I. , proxi- cum, in public.
mus, nearest, next. pudor, pudoris, m., sense of shame,
propitius, -a, -um, favoring, kind, shame, modesty.
gracious. puer, pueri, m., boy; child.
prop5no, proponere, proposui, pugna, -ae, /, contest, struggle,
propositus (pon5, place), place battle.
before, submit, propose. pugno, -are, -avi, -atus, fight.
proprius, -a, -um, one's own. pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum,
propter, prep, with ace, on ac- beautiful; noble.
count of, because of. pulchritiido, pulchritiidinis (pul-
propterea, adv., on account of cher, beautiful),/, beauty.
that, for that reason, there- pullus, -i, 7n., young chicken,
fore. young bird.

GALL. LAT. READ. 9

130 VOCABULARY

pulso, -are, -avi, -atus (freq. of quia, conj., because.

quicquam, see quisquam.
pello, drive), push, beat upon.
pulvis, pulveris, ;;/., dust. quicumque, quaecumque, quod-
punio, punire, punivi, punitus, cumque, whoever, whatever.
punish. quidam, quaedam, quiddam, and
puppis, puppis, /, stern (of a quoddam (as adj.) ; as indef.
ship). adj., a certain, certain, some, a;
pusillus, -a, -um, small, weak, in- as indef. subst., some one, some-
significant. thing; a certain man, a certain
puto, -are, -avi, -atus, think, thing.
suppose. quidem, adv. (emphasizes the word
Pyrrha, -ae, /, wife of Deucalion. it follows), in fact, indeed; to

Pyrrhus, -i, in., king of Epirus. be sure.

quies, quietis,/, peace, quiet, rest.

Q., abbreviation of Quintus. quiesco, quiescere, quievi, quie-

quadriga, -ae, f.,
team of four tus, be quiet, rest, take rest.
horses, four-horse team, quin, adv., why not?
quadringenti, -ae, -a, four hun- quinque, five.

dred. Quintus, -i, a common Roman

quaero, quaerere, quaesivi or praenomen.
quaesii, quaesitus, ask, seek, quis, quid, interrog. pron., who ?

inquire. what ?

quam, adv., how; than, as. quis, quid, indef. pron. with si,

quantus, -a, -um, how great ! as nisi, ne, and num, any one, any-
great, thing.
quartus, -a, -um, fourth, a quarter. quisquam {ni.andf ),quidquam
quasi, conj., as if. or quicquam (.), any one^ any-
quattuor, four. thing.
-que, conj. (enclitic), and. quisque, quaeque, quodque, each,
queror, queri, questus, complain, each one.
lament. quivis, quaevis, quidvis, and (as
qui, quae, quod, interrog. adj. adj.) quodvis (qui, rel., and
pron., what? which? vis, from volo, wish), any one
qui, quae, quod, rel. pron., who, you will, any one; anything you
which, that. please, any.
 VOCABULARY 131

quod, conj., because ; that. (equals re) and eo, go), go

quondam, adv., once, formerly, at back, return; turn back on.
one time. reduc5, reducere, reduxi, reductus
quoniam, conj., since, because, (duco, lead), lead back.
quoque, adv., also, likewise, refecti5, refectionis, /, restoring,
quorsum, adv., whither, to what refreshment.
place. refers, referre, rettuli, relatus
(fero, bring), bring back, re-

rabidus, -a, -um, mad, raging. store; report; beneficium re-

rana, -ae,/, frog. ferre, return a favor; gratiam

rapio, rapere, rapui, raptus, seize, referre, return a favor.
take by force, rob, steal. refluo, refluere, , (fluo, flow),

rarus, -a, -um, rare, scarce. flow back, recede.

rastrum, -i, n., hoe, rake. regia, -ae, /, royal palace.
recipio, recipere, recepi, receptus regi5, regionis, /, direction; re-

(capio, take), take back, get gion, district.

back; receive, welcome. regius, -a, -um, royal, kingly.
recognitio, rec5gnitionis,/, recog- regno, -are, -avi, -atus, reign,
nition. rule.

recondo, recondere, recondidi, re- regnum, -1, n., royal power, king-
conditus, hide, hide away. dom.
recte, adv.., rightly, properly, rego, regere, rexi, rectus, rule, get
justly. straight; rule, manage, guide,
rector, rectdris, w., ruler, master, lead, control, reign.
director. reicio, reicere, reieci, reiectus
rectum, -1, n., what is right, up- (iaci5, throw), throw back, put
rightness. upon.
recumbo, recumbere, recubui, -r-, relaxo, -are, -avi, -atus, loosen,
lie back, lie down. open.
recupero, -are, -avi, -atus, get relinquo, relinquere, reliqui, re-
back, recover. lictus, leave, leave behind; for-

reddo, reddere, reddidi, redditus sake, abandon.

(red (equals re) and do, place), remedium, remedi, ., cure, rem-
put back; restore; render, make. edy.
redeo, redire, redii, rediturus (red remotus, -a, -um, distant, remote.
132 VOCABULARY

removeo, removere, removi, re- reserve, -are, -avi, -atus (servo,

motus (move5, move), move keep), keep back, save, reserve.
away, remove. resideo, residere, resedi, reses-
Remus, -i, w., brother of Romu- sus (sedeo, sit), sit down.
lus, resisto, resistere, restiti, , with-
remus, -i, w., oar. stand, oppose, resist.
renascor, renasci, renatus ( nascor, respondeo, respondere, respondi,
be born), spring up, be renewed. responsus (spondeo, promise),
reparo, -are, -avi, -atus, renew, reply, answer correspond.
;

restore, start again. restitu5, restituere, restitui, resti-

repello, repellere, reppuli, re- tutus, put back, restore.
pulsus (pello, drive) drive back, resto,
, -are, restiti, (sto, stand),
repel, repulse. remain, be left.

repente, adv., suddenly. resurgo, resurgere, resurrexi,

repentinus, -a, -um, sudden. (surgo, rise), rise.

reperio, reperire, repperi, re- retrorsum, adv., backward.

pertus, find, find out, discover. revello, revellere, revelli, revul-
repleo, replere, replevi, repletus sus, pull out, tear away.
(pleo, fill), fill full, fill. revincio, revincire, revinxi, re-

repono, rep5nere, reposui, repo- vinctus (vincio, bind), bind.

situs (pono, place), put back, fasten.
restore ; lay aside. revoco, -are, -avi, -atus (voco
reprehenso, -are, -avi, -atus, keep call), call back, recall.
holding back. rex, regis (cf. rego, rule), m.,

repudio, -are, -avi, -atus, reject, king.

scorn, dismiss, divorce. Rhea, -ae, /, Rhea, a propei
repugno, -are, -avi, -atus (pugno, name. Rhea Silvia, the mother
fight), fight in turn, fight back, of Romulus and Remus.
fight, ride5, ridere, risi, risus, laugh,
res, rei, /, a thing; fact, matter, laugh at.

affair; respect, circumstance; ripa, -ae,/, a bank (of a stream).

res publica, the state, the public ritus, -us, ni., manner, custom,
welfare, public life. habit.
rescindo, rescindere, rescidi, re- robur, roboris, n., oak ; strength.
scissus, tear down, destroy. rogo, -are, -avi, -atus, ask, ask for.
 VOCABULARY 133

Roma, -ae,/, Rome, the capital saevus, -a, -um, savage, fierce.

of Italy. sagino, -are, -avi, -atus, fatten,

Romanus, -a, -um, of Rome, feed generously.
Roman. sagitta, -ae, /, arrow.
R5mulus, -i, w., supposed founder Sagittarius, sagittari, in., an
of Rome. archer ; the Archer (a constella-
roro, -are -avi, -atus, trickle, drip, tion).
be dripping. Salinator, Salinatoris, m., a fam-
rostrum, -i (cf. rodo, gnaw), ., ily name.
beak (ofa ship), beak (of a bird). saluber, salubris, saliibre, health-
nig5sus, -a, -um (ruga, a ful, wholesome.
wrinkle), full of wrinkles, salus, salutis,/, welfare, safety.
wrinkled. saiiitatio, saliitati5nis, /, greet-
rumpo, rumpere, rupi, ruptus, ing.
break, burst. sanctus, -a, -um, sacred, holy.
ruo, mere, rui, ruiturus, rush. sanguis, sanguinis, m., blood.
rupes, rupis,/, a rock, sanies, -ei,/, bloody matter.
ruptor, ruptoris, m., destroyer, sanus, -a, -um, sound, sane.
rursum, adv., again. sapiens, sapientis, adj., wise, dis-
rursus, adv., again, creet.
rusticus, -i (rus, country), m., sapio, sapere, sapivi or sapii,
countryman. have good sense, be wise,
,

have good taste.

Sabini, -orum, m., the Sabines. sarcinae, -arum,/, packs, bundles
Sabinus, -a, -um, of the Sabines, of baggage.
Sabine. satis, adv., enough, sufficiently.

sacrificium, sacrifici, n., sacrifice. Saturnus, -i, m., an ancient Latin

saeculum, -i, ., generation. god of agriculture ; a planet.
saepe, adv., often. saucius, -a, -um, wounded.
saepio, saepire, saepsi, saeptus, saxum, -i, ., a rock ; the Tar-
hedge about, surround. peian rock.
saevio, saevire, saevivi, saevitus, Scaevola, -ae, w., a family
be fierce, be cruel, rage. name.
saevitia, -ae, /, cruelty, harsh- scelus, sceleris, n., evil deed,
ness, ferocity, violence. crime, wickedness.
134 VOCABULARY

scio, scire, scivi, scitus, know. semper, adv., always, ever,

Scorpio, scorpionis, ;;/., a scor- sempiternus, -a, -um, eternal,

pion. everlasting,
scorpius, scorpi, ;., a scorpion senatus, -iis, m., the senate.
the Scorpion (a constellation). senectus, senectutis, /, old age.
scriba, -ae, in., secretary, clerk, senex, senis, m., old man, old.
scribe. sensim, adv., gradually, slowly,

scrlbo, scribere, scrips!, scriptus, little by little.

write. sensus, -us, m., feeling; reason-

secreto, adv., secretly, privately. ing,

sectator, sectatoris, m., follower, sententia, -ae, /, opinion, view;

hearer, pupil. meaning, purport, sense.
secum = cum se. sentio, sentire, sensi, sensus,
secundus, -a, -um, second, the perceive by the senses, see, feel,

second. notice.

seciirus, -a, -um (se, without, and septem, seven,

Ciira, anxiety), without anxiety, septentrio, septentrionis, vt., the
unconcerned, at ease regard- Great Bear ; the North.
ing. sepulchrum, -i, n., tomb, sepul-
secus, prep, with ace, near, cher.
along. sequor, sequi, seciitus, follow,

sed, corij., but. pursue.

sede5, sedere, sedi, sessus, sit. sereno, -are, -avi, -atus, calm,
sedes, sedis (cf. sedeo, sit),/, seat, comfort, soothe.
abode, dwelling place. serenus, -a, -um, calm, undis-
sedile, sedilis (sedeo, sit), n., turbed, peaceful,
chair, stool, seat. sermocinor, -ari, -atus (serm5,
seges, segetis, a field, grain field; conversation), talk, converse.
grain, crop. serus, -a, -um, late, too late,
sella, -ae,/, seat, chair. servio, servire, servivi, servitas,
semen, seminis, n., seed. be a slave to, serve.
sementis, sementis(semen,seed), servitium, serviti, n., serfdom,
/, sowing, planting, growing slavery, dependence.
crop, grain. servitiis, servitiitis, /, slavery,

semita, -ae,/, way, path. serfdom.

 VOCABULARY 135

sitis, sitis,/, thirst.

servo, -are, -avi, -atus, save, pre-
societas, societatis, /, alliance,
serve, keep,
m., slave,
partnership.
servus, -i,

a thou- socius, soci, m., associate, com-

sestertium, sesterti, .,
rade, companion.
sand sesterces.
adv., sternly, strictly, sol, solis, m., the sun.
severe,
gravely.
solacium, solaci (solor, comfort),
comfort, solace, consola-
Sextus, -i, m., son of Tarquinius n.,

tion.
Superbus.
whether, sole5, solere, solitus sum (semi-
si, conj., if,
manner, deponent), be accustomed, be
sic, adv., so, thus, in this
wont.
sicco, -are, -avi, -atus, dry.
solitiido, solitudinis, /, lonely
siccus, -a, -urn, dry; in sicco, in a
place, loneUness.
dry place.
solstitialis, solstitiale, of sum-
Sicilia, -ae,/., Sicily.
mer,
sidus, sideris, n., star, constella-
solstitium, s51stiti, n., a standing
tion,
token; con- still of the sun ; solstice.
signum, -i, ., signal,
solum, adv., only; n5n solum,
stellation, star.
not only.
silentium, silenti, ., silence,
wood. solus, -a, -um, alone, only, sole.
silva, -ae,/, forest,
solvo, solvere, solvi, solutus, free,
Silvia, -ae,/., see Rhea.
acquit, open.
Silvius, Silvi, m., king of Alba.
sonitus, -us, m.,2. sound, noise.
similis, simile, like, similar.
sono, sonare, sonui, sonitus,
simul, adv., at the same time;
together,
sound, speak.

but soror, sor5ris, /, sister.

sin, conj., if.

without. spargo, spargere, sparsi, sparsus,

sine, prep, with abl. ,

num., one scatter, strew, sprinkle.

singuli, -ae, -a, distrib.
time, one by one one Spartiatae, -arum, m., the Spar-
at a ;

single, separate. tans.

each;
spatium, spati, n., space, distance,
sinister, sinistra, sinistrum, left,
period.
on the left,
speciosus, -a, -um, showy ;
plausi-
sisto, sistere, stiti, status, stay,
ble, specious.
check.
 136 VOCABULARY
spectaculum, -i, ., sight ; show, stimulo, -are, -avi, -atus, goad,
spectacle. rouse, spur, incite.
spectator, spectatoris, w., on- stipendium, stipendi, ., pay.
looker, spectator, beholder. stirps, stirpis, /, root of a tree,
specto, -are, -avi, -atus (freq. of splinter.
specio, look), look on, behold. sto, stare, steti, statiirus, stand,
specus, -us, m. atid f., cave, cavern, stand still; stop.
den. strenuus, -a, -um, active, ready,
spes, spei,/, hope, expectation, brave.
spiritus, -us, ;;/., breath; mind, stridor, stridoris, ;;/., roar, bellow,
spirit, stultus, -a, -um, foolish, silly; of
spissus, -a, -um, thick. no value; stulti, the foolish.
spondeo, spondere, spopondi, suadeo, suadere, suasi, suasurus,
sponsus, promise. advise, urge.
sponte {abl. ^yspon^, vi^hich is not suaviter, adv., pleasantly, sweetly.
found), of one's own accord. sub, prep. 7uith abl., under.
Spurius, Spuri, w., a Roman subdiico, subdiicere, subduxi, sub-
praenomen. ductus (duco, lead), lead away,
stadium, stadi, ;/., a distance of withdraw, remove.
125 Roman paces; a race course sube5, subire, subii, subitus (eo,
a stadium in length. go), go under, undergo; take
statim, adv., at once, immediately. up, assume ; withdraw.
static, stationis,/, post, position; subgero, subgerere, subgessi, sub-
guard. gestus (gero, carry), bring near,
statua, -ae,/, image, statue. give, present.
statuo, statuere, statui, statutus, subiaceo, subiacere, subiacui,
decide, determine, make up one's (iace5, lie), lie under, lie below,
mind. subito, adv., suddenly, quickly, at
Stella, -ae,/, a star. once.
sterilis, sterile, barren, unfruitful, subitus, -a, -um, sudden, unex-
sterile. pected.
sterno, sternere, stravi, stratus, sublicius, -a, -um, resting on piles;
scatter. pons sublicius, the pile bridge.
stillo, -are, -avi, -atus, drop, drip, sublimis, sublime, on high.
trickle. submerg5, submergere, submersi,
 ; ,

r VOCABULARY 137

submersus (mergo, immerse), superbe, adv., arrogantly, haugh-

plunge under, sink. tily.

subrideo, subridere, subrisi, sub- superbia, -ae,/, pride, arrogance,

risus (ride5, laugh), smile. haughtiness.
subsequor, subsequi, subsecutus Superi, -orum, m., those above, the
(sequor, follow), follow closely. gods.
subside, subsidere, subsedi, sub- superincido, superincidere, ,

sessus, sink, settle. fall from above, fall on.

subsilio, subsilire, subsilui, superior, superius (cf. super),
(salio, leap), leap up, jump. comp. adj.., higher, upper ; supe-
subvolo, -are, -avi, -atus (volo, rior ; former, earlier ; superl.,

fly), fly up, fly away. summus, highest, greatest, ut-

succedo, succedere, success!, suc- most ; ad summum, to the top.

cessurus (sub and cedo. go), supero, -are, -avi, -atus, overcome,
come up ; take the place of, conquer ; surpass, excel.
succeed. superstes, superstitis, adj., sur-
succurr5, succurrere, succurri, viving, remaining alive, living.

succursurus (sub and curro, supersum, superesse, superfui,

run), come to the assistance of, superfuturus, survive, be left.

aid, help, succor. supplicium, supplici, n., punish-

suffragium, suffragi, n., ballot, ment, torture.
vote ; approbation, approval. surgo, surgere, surrexi, , rise.

?ui, sibi, se or sese, reflex, pron., suscipio, suscipere, suscepi, sus-

himself, herself, itself, them- ceptus (sus (equals sub) and
selves (to be translated according capio, take), take up, under-
to the gender and number of the take.
person or thing referred to, usu- sustine5, sustinere, sustinui, sus-
ally the subject of the clause). tentus (sus (equals sub) and
sulcus, -1, in., trench, furrow. teneo, hold), hold up, hold,
sum, esse, f ui, futurus, be, exist. carry ; bear, endure ; wear.
summa, -ae,/, sum, amount. suus, -a, -um, poss. pron., his, her,

summus, superl. 0/ superior. its, their (translated according to

super, prep, with abl., over the gender and number of the
about, concerning ; with ace, possessor, which is usually the
over, upon. subject of the clause).
138 VOCABULARY

Sybaris, -is, /, a city of South- taurus, -i, ;//., bull ; the Bull (a
ern Italy famous for luxury and constellation)
high living. Taurus, -i, m., an Athenian
Sybarita, -ae, m., an inhabitant philosopher.
of Sybaris, a Sybarite. tectum, -i (part, of tego, cover),

Sybaritanus, -a, -um, of Sybaris. 71., roof.

tego, tegere, texi, tectus, cover,

taberna, -ae, /, shop. hide.
tabula, -ae,/, tablet. tegumentum, -i, ;/.,- covering,
tacitus, -a, -um (participle of tellus, telliiris, /, earth, soil,

taceo, be still), silent, in silence. telum, -i, n., weapon.

talentum, -i, n., a talent, a sum temperatus, -a, -um, moderate,
of money. temperate.
talis, tale, such, of such a sort. tempestas, tempestatis (tem-
tarn, adv., so, so much. pus), weather; bad weather,
tamen, adv., nevertheless, yet, still. storm, tempest.
tamquam, adv., like, as ; as if. tempestivus, -a, -um, early,

tandem, adv., at last, finally. templum, -i, ., temple.

tango, tangere, tetigi, tactus, tempori, adv., early.

touch. tempus, temporis, ., time, season.

tantus, -a, -um, so great, so large. tend5, tendere, tetendi, tentus,
tarditas, tarditatis, /, sluggish- turn, pursue one's way, go.

ness, slowness. tenebr5sus, -a, -um, dark, gloomy,

tard5, -are, -avi, -atus, delay, teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus, hold,
linger, loiter. tenuis, tenue, thin; small, slen-

Tarentum, -i, n., a Greek city in der, trivial, insignificant.

Southern Italy. tergum, -i, n., back, rear; a tergo,
Tarquinius, Tarquini, m., Tar- behind.
quinius, name of two kings. terni, -ae, -a, three each, three by
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, fifth three, in threes.
king of Rome. Tarquinius Su- tero, terere, trivi, tritus, rub, wear
perbus, the last of the Roman away ; tempus terere, use up
kings. time, kill time.
Tartara, -drum, n., the infernal terra, -ae, /, a land, a country,
regions, Tartarus. earth.
 VOCABULARY 139

terreo, terrere, terrui, territus, tot, so many.

terrify, frighten, totus, -a, -um, whole, all, alto-

terrificus, -a, -um, terrifying, gether,

tracto, -are, -avi, -atus (freq. of
terror, terroris, m., fright, fear,
tertius, -a, -um, third. traho, draw), treat.
traditus,
Themistocles, Themistoclis, ;., a trada, tradere, tradidi,
distinguished Athenian general, hand over, give over; traditur,
m., treasure chest, it is related.
thesaurus, -i,

repository, treasury. traduco, traducere, traduxi, tra-

ductus (duco, lead) transfer.
Thessalus, -a, -um, of Thessaly, ,

trahd, trahere, traxi, tractus,

Thessalian.
Tiberinus, -a, -um, of the Tiber, draw ; take on, assume.

Tiber. trames, tramitis, m., pathway.

Tiberis, -is, m., Tiber, the river trano, -are, -avi, -atus (no, swim),

Tiber. swim across.

Tiberius, Tiberi, m., the second tranquillus, -a, -um, calm, peace-

Roman emperor. ful,

tibicen, tibicinis, m., trumpeter, trans, prep, with ace, across.

timeo, timere, timui, , fear, transeo, transire, transii, transi-

be afraid. tus, cross over, go over.

timid, transfero, transferre, transtuli,
timidus, -a, -um, fearful,
translatus (fero, carry), carry
cowardly.
over, transfer, remov3, change
timor, timoris, m., fear, cowardice,
;

tintinnabulum, -i, ., bell. se transferre, go over to.

-are, -avi, -atus,

Titus, -i, m., a Roman praenomen. transfigur5,

tolia, tollere, sustuli, sublatus, change, transform,

-ae, -a, three hun-
raise, lift up; take, take away, trecenti,
remove. dred.

Tonans, Tonantis, w., the Thun- tredecim, thirteen.

derer, Jupiter. tremibundus, -a, -um, trembling
tondeo, tondere, totondi, tonsus, with fear,

shave, shear. tres, tria, three.

tonitrus, -iis, ;., thunder. tribulo, -are, -avi, -atus, trouble,

torreo, torrere, torrui, tostus, dry, harass.

tribiinal, tribunalis, ., com-
bake, roast.
I40 VOCABULARY

mander's seat, judgment seat, tunc, adv., then, at that time.

tribunal. turba, -ae,/., throng, crowd.
tribunus, -i, m., a tribune, an offi- turbidus, -a, -um, confused, vio-
cer in the Roman army. lent.

tributum, -i (participle of tri- turris, turris, /, tower.

buo, assign), ., tax. Tusci, -orum, m., the Etruscans.
tridens, tridentis, w., three-tined tute, a strengthened form of tu.
spear, trident. tiitus, -a, -um (part, of tueor),
triduum, -i, ., a period of three protected, safe, secure ; in tii-

days, three days. tum, to safety.

triennium, trienni, ., a period of tuus, -a, -um, poss. pron., thy,

three years, three years. thine, your.

trigeminus, -a, -um, threefold, Typh5n, Typhonis, m., a giant
triple ; trigemini, triplets. (a fabled monster with a
Triton, Tritonis {ace, Tritona), hundred heads).
w., a sea god.
triumphus, -i, m., a triumphal ubi, adv. and conj., where; when;
procession (an honor allowed ubi primum, as soon as.

victorious generals). ubicumque, adv., wherever,

Troia, -ae, /, Troy, the city of ubique, adv., everywhere,

Priam. -um, any, any one.
iillus, -a,

Troianus, -a, -um, Trojan, ulmus, -i,/, elm, elm tree,

of
Troy; as suhst., Troiani, the ultimus, -a, -um, farthest, last,
Trojans. ultra, prep, with ace, beyond.
trux, trucis, adj., fierce, savage, umbra, -a.^,/-, shadow, shade.
tu, tui, pers. pron., you. umquam, adv., at any time,
tuba, -ae,/, trumpet. ever.
tueor, tueri, tuitus, behold. iina, adv., together.

Tullus, -i, 7n., TuUus, a Roman unda, -ae,/, wave, billow, water,
name. Tullus Hostilius, third unde, adv., whence?
king of Rome, iindecim, eleven,
tum, adv., then, at that time ; cum undique, ach., on all sides, from
. . . turn, not only . . . but also, every quarter.
tumultus, -lis, m., uproar, out- universitas, iiniversitatis, /, the
cry. whole, the aggregate.
 VOCABULARY 141

unus, -a, -urn, one, a single; alone, -ve, conj. (enclitic), or. -ve . . .

only. -ve, either . . . or.

urbs, urbis,/, city. vectigal, vectigalis, ;/., revenue,

uro, urere, ussi, ustus, burn, con- income.
sume. veh5, vehere, vexi, vectus, bear,
ut, uti, adv. and conj. ; with carry, draw; pass., ride.

indie, as, when ; with subj., Veientes, Veientium, ;;/., the

that, in order that, so that. Veientines, the people of Veii.
uter, utra, utnim, which (of venatrix, venatricis,/, huntress.
two). vendo, vendere, vendidi, ven-
uterque, utraque, utrumque, each ditus, sell.

(of two), both. venenum, -i, n., poison.

uti, see ut. venio, venire, veni, ventiirus,

utilis, utile, useful, helpful, valu- come.
able. venor, -ari, -atus, hunt, get by
utrum, conj., whether. hunting.
uva, -ae,/, a bunch of grapes. ventus, -i, m., wind.
uxor, uxoris,/, wife. Venus, Veneris, /, goddess of
love one of the planets.
;

vacuus, -a, -um, empty, unin- venuste, adv., gracefully, charm-

habited. ingly.

vado, vadere, , ,
go hurriedly, ver, veris, n., the spring, spring-
rush. time.
vae, inter]., woe ! verber, verberis, ., whip; blow,
vagor, -ari, -atus, wander. lash, whipping.
vale (imperative of valeo, be well), verbum, -i, n., a word.
farewell ! good-by ! verecundia, -ae,/, respect, regard.
valeo, valere, valui, valiturus, be Vergiliae, -arum,/., the Pleiades.
strong, be well ;
good-by, Vergilius, Vergili, vi., Vergil, a
farewell. gentile name. Publius Vergil-
valide, adv., strongly, very much. ius Maro, a famous Roman
validus, -a, -um, strong, powerful. poet.
valles, vallis, /, valley. Veritas, veritatis, /, truth.
vastitiido, vastitiidinis, /, huge vero, conj., but.
size, vastness. vero, adv., in truth, in fact.
142 VOCABULARY

verruca, -ae, /, a high rough hill, vigilantia, -ae, /, watchfulness,

a height. care.

versus, prep, "with ace, toward, in vigor, vigoris, m., freshness,

the direction of. strength, vigor.

versus, -us, m., a verse, poetry. villa, -ae, /, country house, villa.

verto, vertere, verti, versus, turn ; vincio, vincire, vinxi, vinctus,

terga vertere, flee. bind, fasten.
verum, -i, w., truth. vinco, vincere, vici, victus, con-
verus, -a, -um, true; vera, true quer, overcome.
things, facts. vindico, -are, -avi, -atus, claim ;

vester, vestra, vestrum, your. punish, avenge.

vestibulum, -i, ., entrance, fore- violo, -are, -avi, -atus, injure, vio-

court, vestibule. late.

vestigium, vestigi, n., sole of the vir, viri, w., man, husband; hero.
foot, sole; track, footstep, trace, virga, -ae, /, a rod.
mark. virgo, virginis,/, maiden, virgin;
vestis, vestis, /, garment, cloth- Virgo (a constellation) ; vir-

ing. gines Vestales, the Vestal Vir-

vetus, veteris, adj., old, ancient; gins, priestesses of Vesta.

former; of long standing; comp., virgula, -ae (dim. of virga, rod),

vetustior; super!., veterrimus. f., a small rod.
vetustas, vetustatis, /, age, old viridis, viride, fresh, blooming,
age. green.
via, -ae, /., way, road, route; virtus, virtiitis, /, manliness,
journey. virtue ; courage.
vicinus, -a, -um, near, neighboring, vis, , , vim, vi, vires, virium,
adjoining. etc., /, force, might ;
power,
victor, victoris, m., victor. strength ; large number, quan-

victoria, -ae,/, victory, triumph. tity.

Victus, -us, m., living ; food, suste- vita, -ae, /, life.

nance. vitium, viti, ., weakness, fault,

video, videre, vidi, visus, see, be- vice.

hold ;
pass., seem, appear good. vito, -are, -avi, -atus, avoid, shun.

vigilans, vigilantis, adj., wakeful, vivax, vivacis, adj., lively, quick.

vigilant, watchful. vivo, vivere, vixi, victurus, live.

 VOCABULARY 43

vix, a</v., barely, scarcely, hardly. vulnerd, -are, -avi, -atus, wound,
voc5, -are, -avi, -atus, call, name. injure.

volo, -are, -avi, -atus, tly. vulnus, vulneris, ;/., wound.

volo, velle, volui, , wish, vulpecula, -ae (dim. of vulpes,
desire ; be willing. fox),/, little fox.

volucris, volucris, /, flying crea- vulpes, vulpis,/, fox.

ture, bird. vultus, -lis, fu., face, countenance ;

voluntarius, -a, -um, voluntary. expression.

voluntas, voluntatis, /, desire,
wish. Xerxes, -is, m., Xerxes, king of
volvo, volvere, volvi, voliitus, roll. Persia.
voveo, vovere, vovi, votus, vow,
promise. Zephyrus, -i, m., gentle wind,
vox, vocis, /, voice ; word. breeze, zephyr.
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