6.

8 COEFFIECIENT OF CONSOLIDATION
2
0.848 (H dr)
Root timemethod , Cv= Eq . 6.2 3
t 90

0.197( H dr )2
log time method , Cv= Eq .6.24
t 50

Where:

t 90=time for 90 consolidation ( t curve )

t curve
log
t 50 =time for 50 consolidation

6.9 COEFFICIENT OF VOLUME COMPRESSIBILITY, mv

e oe
av p
mv = = Eq. 6.25
1+e ave 1+e ave

e+e o
e ave = Eq . 6.26
2

The hydraulic conductivity of the layer of the loading range is:

k =c v mv w Eq. 6.27

Where:

e o=initial void ratio

e=final void ratio

p=rise pressure

6.10 IMMEDIATE SETTLEMENT

Immediate or elastic settlement of foundations occurs directly after application of load, without change
in moisture content. This depends on the flexibility of the foundation and the type of material on which
it is resting.
Immediate settlement of foundations resting on the ground surface of an elastic material of infinite
thickness is given by:

12
H 1= B I f Eq . 6.28
E

Where:

=net pressure appliedkPapsf

B=widthdiameter of foundation mfeet

'
=Poisso n s ratio

E=modulus of elasticity of soilkPa psf

I f =influence factor (dimentionless)

The influence factor for the corner of a flexible rectangular footing is given as:

[ ( 1+ 1+ml
) ]
2
1
I f = ml ln + ln(ml + 1+ml2) Eq .6.29
ml

Table 06.2: Influence Factors for Foundations

If
Shape m1 Flexible Rigid
Center Corner
Circle - 1.00 0.64 0.79
1 1.12 0.56 0.88
1.5 1.36 0.68 1.07
2 1.53 0.77 1.21
Rectangle 3 1.78 0.89 1.42
5 2.10 1.05 1.70
10 2.54 1.27 2.10
20 2.99 1.49 2.46
50 3.57 1.8 3.00
100 4.01 2.0 3.43

Where:

ml=length of foundationwidth of foundation

Table 06.3: Values of Modulus of Elasticity

 Type of soil E
psi kPa
Soft clay 250 500 1,725 3,450
Hard clay 850 2000 5,865 13,800
Loose sand 1,500 -4,000 10,350 27,600
Dense sand 5,000 10,000 34,500 69,000
Table 06.4: Values of Poissons Ratio

Type of Soil Poissons Ratio

Loose sand 0.2 0.4
Medium sand 0.25 0.4
Dense sand 0.3 0.45
Silty sand 0.2 0.4
Soft clay 0.15 0.25
Medium clay 0.2 0.5

6.11 TOTAL SETTLEMENT OF FOUNDATION

The total settlement of foundation is the sum of the primary, secondary, and immediate settlement.

H T = H s+ H i Eq . 6.30