Is Evolution?

Biological evolution is defined as any genetic change in a population that is inherited over
several generations. These changes may be small or large, noticeable or not so noticeable. In
order for an event to be considered an instance of evolution, changes have to occur on the genetic
level of a population and be passed on from one generation to the next. This means that the
genes, or more specifically, the alleles in the population change and are passed on.

These changes are noticed in the phenotypes (expressed physical traits that can be seen) of the
population.

A change on the genetic level of a population is defined as a small-scale change and is called
microevolution. Biological evolution also includes the idea that all of life is connected and can
be traced back to one common ancestor. This is called macroevolution.

What Evolution Is Not

Biological evolution is not defined as simply change over time. Many organisms experience
changes over time, such as weight loss or gain. These changes are not considered instances of
evolution because they are not genetic changes that can be passed on to the next generation.

Is Evolution a Theory?

Evolution is a scientific theory that was proposed by Charles Darwin. A scientific theory gives
explanations and predictions for naturally occurring phenomena based on observations and
experimentations. This type of theory attempts to explain how events seen in the natural world
work.

The definition of a scientific theory differs from the common meaning of theory, which is
defined as a guess or a supposition about a particular process. In contrast, a good scientific
theory must be testable, falsifiable, and substantiated by factual evidence.

When it comes to a scientific theory, there is no absolute proof.

It's more a case of confirming the reasonability of accepting a theory as a viable explanation for a
particular event.

What Is Natural Selection?

Natural selection is the process by which biological evolutionary changes take place. Natural
selection acts on populations and not individuals. It is based on the following concepts:

Individuals in a population have different traits which can be inherited.

These individuals produce more young than the environment can support.
 The individuals in a population that are best suited to their environment will leave more
offspring, resulting in a change in the genetic makeup of a population.

The genetic variations that arise in a population happen by chance, but the process of natural
selection does not. Natural selection is the result of the interactions between genetic variations in
a population and the environment.

The environment determines which variations are more favorable. Individuals that possess traits
that are better suited to their environment will survive to produce more offspring than other
individuals. More favorable traits are thereby passed on to the population as a whole. Examples
of genetic variation in a population include the modified leaves of carnivorous plants, cheetahs
with stripes, snakes that fly, animals that play dead, and animals that resemble leaves.

How Does Genetic Variation Occur in a Population?

Genetic variation occurs mainly through DNA mutation, gene flow (movement of genes from
one population to another) and sexual reproduction. Due to the fact that environments are
unstable, populations that are genetically variable will be able to adapt to changing situations
better than those that do not contain genetic variations.

Sexual reproduction allows for genetic variations to occur through genetic recombination.
Recombination occurs during meiosis and provides a way for producing new combinations of
alleles on a single chromosome. Independent assortment during meiosis allows for an indefinite
number of combinations of genes.

Sexual reproduction makes it possible to assemble favorable gene combinations in a population

or to remove unfavorable gene combinations from a population.

Populations with more favorable genetic combinations will survive in their environment and
reproduce more offspring than those with less favorable genetic combinations.

Biological Evolution Versus Creation

The theory of evolution has caused controversy from the time of its introduction until today. The
controversy stems from the perception that biological evolution is at odds with religion
concerning the need for a divine creator. Evolutionists contend that evolution does not address
the issue of whether or not God exists, but attempts to explain how natural processes work.

In doing so, however, there is no escaping the fact that evolution contradicts certain aspects of
some religious beliefs. For example, the evolutionary account for the existence of life and the
biblical account of creation are quite different.

Evolution suggests that all life is connected and can be traced back to one common ancestor. A
literal interpretation of biblical creation suggests that life was created by an all-powerful,
supernatural being (God).
Still, others have tried to merge these two concepts by contending that evolution does not
exclude the possibility of the existence of God, but merely explains the process by which God
created life. This view, however, still contradicts a literal interpretation of creation as presented
in the bible.

In paring down the issue, a major bone of contention between the two views is the concept of
macroevolution. For the most part, evolutionists and creationists agree that microevolution does
occur and is visible in nature.

Macroevolution, however, refers to the process of evolution that takes place on the level of
species, in which one species evolves from another species. This is in stark contrast to the
biblical view that God was personally involved in the formation and creation of living
organisms.

For now, the evolution/creation debate continues on and it appears that the differences between
these two views are not likely to be settled anytime soon.