20160524rodrigotroubleshooting 160609135837

Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Presented by:
Communication Systems
Rodrigo Vicentini
Applications Engineering Manager
Latin America Region
May 18th 2015
Created by:
Michael Koenigsmann
Application Specialist
Digital & Photonic Test Division
2015 Keysight Technologies

Agenda
Market and Technology Trends
Coherent Measurement Challenges
Typical Tests in Coherent Transmission Systems
Typical Impairment Emulation in the electrical Domain
Tools to generate signals for Coherent Optical Applications
References
Drivers for higher Datarates
Big Data Demand drives Technology Changes
Increase Symbol Rate
32 GBd and beyond
Nyquist fs > 2 x fmax
Rule of thumb: Maximize Bits per Symbol
sampling rate = 2.5x Signal BW Amplitude & Phase
modulation in optical links
e.g. QPSK, QAMx
Symbol Rate
Modulation
Mobile apps and services,
high resolution devices,
Internet of Things
drive Multi level signaling
in digital links,
high speed I/O, network and data center traffic e.g. C-Phy, PAMx
By 2020 there will be around 20 Billion

Maximize # of carriers
devices connected to the Internet
Parallel lines, subcarrier density
Challenges: Polarization Mux, OFDM, DMT
Transmission demand exceeds system capacity
Cost-effective increase of capacity To maximize transmission within Phy layer, combine & optimize
Pressure to release new technology on time all dimensions for efficiency, cost, power, reach, reliabiliy etc.
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Comms Systems Page 4
Maximize Transmission within Physical Layer
Different techniques
From OOK to Coherent Detection Polarization Division Multiplex
Higher Order Modulation Formats OFDM Time-Domain Pulse Shaping
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Motivation
Application Requirements
Coherent Optical Communication
Need higher data throughput: 100 G 400 G 1 Tbit/s
Requirements for a test instrument:

Flexibilty to address different modulation schemes
Clean signal to test your device and not your instrument
Bandwidth at least 20 GHz
4 sychronized channels to support dual polarization (= 2 pairs of I/Q signal)
QPSK QAM128 OFDM
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Emulate Optical Distortions in the Electrical Space
Deterministic and precise testing with complex impairments
e.g. Phase Noise, OSNR, Polarization, PMD
Traditional setup
Pattern RefTx or Network or DUT Error

OSNR
golden Test Bed (100/400G
Gen Line Card
Gen.
Rx) Detector
Test setup with AWG
DUT Error
AWG (100/400G
Detector ADC
Tx) DUT
- or - AWG ADC
ADC (DSP)
- or - ADC
DUT Error Digital Coherent Receiver DSP Test

AWG E/O (100/400G
Detector
Rx)
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
AWGs in Coherent Optical Applications
Cost-effective increase in capacity
Endless modulation formats for higher data throughput
Generates clean signals at 32 GBd and beyond
Provides 4 independent analog outputs for dual-polarization

optical applications
16 QAM at 32 GBd with < 4% EVM
Uses out of the box and in-situ calibration to achieve a clean signal at
the device under test
Emulate optical distortions in the electrical space
QPSK Signal
with added
phase noise;
emulating a
2 MHz laser
line width
Optical
Modulation
Generator TooI
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Coherent Measurement Challenges
Clean Signal generation (electrical & optical)

Clean Signal at defined test points
High datarates 32 GBd and beyond
Accurate and Repeatable Test Signals
Distortion Emulation
Flexible Modulation Formats
Accurate and Repeatable Test Results
Out-of-the-box calibration ensures clean signal at the frontpanel connector
In-situ calibration extend clean signal to the receiver test point

S-Parameters of channel are embedded or de-embedded
Frequency/Phase response is measured in-system and
then de-embedded
QPSK, 32 GBd PRBS 6 Gbit/s
Without correction With correction Without correction With correction
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Out-of-the Box Calibration & In-situ calibration
Pre-distortion techniques for frequency and phase response compensation
Optical phase and
iqtools
Modulation SW frequency response
data
or
Infiniium Series
Oscilloscope
AWG
I/Q I/Q
Vector Signal Analysis (VSA) software

to determine frequency and phase response
Optionally: optimize the

second I/Q pair at the same time Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
In-situ-calibration
End-to-end equalization
Optical Modulation
Generator Tool phase and
frequency response N4391A or N4392A
M8195A data
Tunable Laser
I X-Polarization
/2
Q
/2 Optional Fiber &

Q Coherent
AWG Y-Polarization Optical Amplifiers Receiver
Amplifiers MZM
Measure frequency/phase response as determined by the coherent receiver

End-to-end calibration of the whole transmission system
This includes the characteristic of the receiver as well !
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Typical Tests in
Coherent Transmissions

Test application: system and link stress test
N4391A or N4392A
TX Carrier IQ
electronic Laser Mod.
LO
Laser
ROADM Optical
Coherent
RX
Signal
WSS IQ det. Processing
Typical test requirements:

BER (EVM) vs. Power or OSNR
Spectral behavior over 1-2 neighbor channels
Signal integrity along the link (time domain modulation analysis)
Nonlinear characteristics (PMD, PDL, CD,)
ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer Troubleshooting

WSS - Wavelength Selective Switching Coherent Optical
15
Test application: Rx stress test (optical)
M8195A + OMFT + Tunable Laser
+ Optical Modulation Gen. Tool
Stress generation
on Optical Signal
- Loss LO
- Polarization Laser
- PMD
- OSNR
- Non-Linearities
Optical RX
Coherent Signal
IQ det. Processing
Multi-format Reference Transmitter or
optical AWG with or without stress generation
Typical requirements:
Availability of numerous modulation formats for research and development
High quality PAMx, (D)QPSK and QAMx signal for manufacturing
Arbitrary constellations for advanced research required (arbitrary stress)
BER vs various stress parameters
Some customers need RZ DQPSK
Support of up to 56 GBd rates for >> 100G research
PRBS test pattern, Pre-defined or User-defined
Test of receiver algorithm robustness with distorted signals
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
16
Test application: Rx stress test (electrical)
Stress generation
M8195A + on Electrical Signal
M8195A + OMFT + Tunable Laser
Optical Modulation Gen. Tool - Loss
- Polarization
- PMD
- OSNR
- Non-Linearities
Stress generation
on Optical Signal
- Loss LO
- Polarization Laser
- PMD
- OSNR
- Non-Linearities
Optical RX
Coherent Signal
Multi-format Reference Transmitter or IQ det. Processing
optical AWG with or without stress generation
Typical requirements:
Availability of numerous modulation formats for research and development
High quality PAMx, (D)QPSK and QAMx signal for manufacturing
Arbitrary constellations for advanced research required (arbitrary stress)
BER vs various stress parameters
Some customers need RZ DQPSK
Support of up to 56 GBd rates for >> 100G research
PRBS test pattern, Pre-defined or User-defined
Test of receiver algorithm robustness with distorted signals
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
17
Test application: IQ modulator Analysis of
modulation quality and
polarization behaviour
TX Carrier IQ
electronic Laser Mod.
N4391A or N4392A
I X-Polarization Frequency response

of modulator
M8195A + Tunable Laser /2
Q
I
Tunable
Multiformat TX Laser /2
DAC electrical output ! Q
Y-Polarization
LCA
Typical test requirements:

Cut-off frequency for each path
In-application test to specify best EVM and other measures
Polarization behavior
Phase Response, Skew
Modulator Bias Control
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
18
Coherent testing
Typical Measures
Typical Measures Indication

EVM & Q-Factor General figure of merit for Signal Quality
Signal Quality w/o the effect of IQ Gain Imbalance
EVM percentile
and Quadrature Error
IQ Gain Imbalance Different amplitudes for I- and Q-Signal
IQ Skew Timing skews between I- & Q-Signal
IQ Offset Wrong bias setting or DC offset at modulator
IQ phase shifter, wrong bias point of 90 phase
Quadrature Error
shifter
Frequency Error Carrier Frequency Offset between Tx & Rx, EVM
Symbol Rate Error, V-shape in ErrorVector vs Time Mismatch in Symbol Rate between Tx and Rx
Dual Pol: IQ Skews, X-Y Skew & X-Y Imbalance Skew & Gain differences between Polarizations
Indentify Bit Errors per Polarization or across
Bit Error Results
Polarization
Missing Transitions in Constellation De-correlation issue between I- & Q-Signal
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
EVM & Q-Factor
Error Vector
connects the measured
Vector and the expected
vector, Error Vector
Magnitude or EVM is
magnitude of this vector
EVM Q-factor
The Q-Factor describes the signal-to-noise ratio at the 1% ~ 100
decision points. It is calculated from the EVM. The 2% ~ 50
formula is proportional to 1/EVMa and the result is
converted into dB. It is calculated from the Eye-Diagram 5% ~ 20
10% ~ 10
1
Q Troubleshooting
EVM a Coherent Optical
EVM percentile
EVM_pctl
EVM_pctl defines the radius of a
circle around a group of measured
constellation points centered at
the reference constellation point.
In contrast to EVM_pctl, the
classical EVM value from the VSA
software includes I-Q Imbalance
and Quadrature Error and is a
RMS averaged value.
The Hit Ratio multiplied with the
number of points is equal to the
number of points outside the
circle.
For Gaussian Noise dominated
impairments, the classical EVM
and the EVM_pctl are equal if a
Hit Ratio of 0.3173 is selected.
The "Hit Ratio" can be set in the EVM_pctl
EVM_percentile algorithm of the
OMA Software. Constellation
Reference
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
IQ Gain Imbalance
IQ Gain Imbalance
compares the amplitude
of the I signal with the
amplitude of the Q signal
and shows the difference
in dB.
The effects of IQ gain
imbalance are best viewed
in constellation diagrams
where the width of the
constellation diagram is
different than its height.
Rectangular shape of
constellation, different
amplitudes in I- and Q-Eye
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
IQ Skew
IQ Skew
Timing skew between
I- and Q-signals
distorted IQ Plot, Eye-
Diagrams are shifted
with respect to each
other
45 transitions open up
Increased EVM
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
IQ Offset
carrier feed through
IQ Offset
DC offsets at the I- or the
Q-Signals cause I/Q or
origin offsets as shown.
I/Q offsets can also result
in carrier feedthrough.
It is a measure for the shift
between the origin of the
measured constellation
with regard to the origin of
the reference constellation
(yellow).
Without DC offsets, the
carrier feed through as well
as the IQ offset becomes
zero (-infinity dB).
Vertically shifted Eye-
Diagram traces Individual
Carrier Feedthrough I- and Q-
EVM Imbalance
available
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Quadrature Error
I
Quadrature Error Q /2
indicates the orthogonal
error between the I and Q
Quadrature-Phase.
Ideally, I and Q should be
orthogonal (90 degrees
apart). In the screenshot to
the right a quadrature error
of 22.91 degrees means I
and Q are 67,09
degrees apart instead of 90
degrees.
This could result from
wrong bias point setting for
the 90 phase shifter in the
Mach-Zehnder-Modulator
distorted IQ Plot,
distorted Eye-diagrams
EVM
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Frequency Error
Frequency Error 2 GHz
shows the carrier's frequency error

relative to the VSA's center
frequency displayed in Hertz. It is
the amount of frequency shift from
the VSA's center frequency that the
VSA must perform to achieve carrier
lock. The maximum allowable
Frequency Error depends on the
Modulation Format used. Heres a
list of formats:
Modulation Format Maximum frequency offset
QPSK 9.6% symbol rate
16-QAM 4.8% symbol rate
2048-QAM 0.1% symbol rate*
4096-QAM 0.1% symbol rate*
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Symbol Rate Error
Symbol Rate Error
If the Digital Demodulator
is only able to recover the
clock phase but not the
clock rate, a wrong
symbol rate shows up as
typical V shape when
looking at EVM vs time
plot.
Symbols start to spread
all over the constellation
High EVM
Measured SymbolRate
SymbolRate setting
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Dual Pol: IQ Skews, XY Skew and XY Imbalance
Optical Signal
Summary Screen
Display of
- Timing skew between
I- and Q-Signals for X-
and Y-Polarization
- Timing skew between
X- and Y-Polarization.
- Gain Imbalance
between X and Y
Polarization
- Symbol Rate Display
- Frequency Error
between Tx and Rx (in
this case OMA)
- EVM and Q-Factor
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Bit Error Results
Bit Error Result Screen
- Actual BER
- Cumulated BER
- BER (EVM)
- Bit & Error Counts
- Delay between X & Y
- PRBS generation details
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
PRBS Pattern Sources
Effects of Delay issues between I- & Q-Data Source
Effect of PRBS delay

Using the same PRBS
sequence for I and Q and
decorrelating it with a too 0 bit 1 bit
small delay might lead to
missing transitions and
asymetric spectral
content !
Screenshots were taken 2 bit 3 bit
based on a PRBS 215-1
with different delays
between I and Q showing
result in the corresponding
constellation and
spectrum. 4 bit 5 bit
Effects of IQ PRBS Delay in bit (PRBS length 215-1)
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Typical Impairment Emulation in the
electrical Domain
Example Impairment
Phase Noise in Optical Modulation Generator Tool
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Carrier Phase Noise
Analysis of Carrier 500kHz Linewidth
PhaseNoise
PhaseNoise Analysis of
modulated signals.
Display of Carrier Phase, 2MHz Linewidth
Lorentzian Linewidth,
Flicker & Random Noise.
Graphical result of Phase
Spectrum and
corresponding Phase 5MHz Linewidth
Spectrum Model
Upper Constellation
shows performance
without PhaseTracker.
Lower Constellation
shows result after
PhaseTracking Algorithm
using Kalman Filters.
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical

Emulation of PolController
Polarization Pattern: Great Circle
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Emulation of PolController
Polarization Pattern: Slicer
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Stokes Space Analysis in OMA: Great Circle & Slicer
Analysis of Stokes Space
Trajectory
The OMA allows to analyze

polarization changes. Two patterns
Great Circle and Slicer are
generated with the AWG electrically.
This electrical signal can be used for
receiver stress testing.
Here the electrical signal is directly
connected to the OMA inputs.
Great Circle Slicer
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Example Impairment: PMD (1st and 2nd order)
PMD in Optical Modulation Generator Tool
35ps PMD, Troubleshooting

Coherent Optical
991ps^2 SOPMD Comms Systems Page 37
Example Impairment: PMD (1st and 2nd order)
PMD Analysis in OMA
The OMA allows to

compensate and
analyze the PMD.
An electrical signal is
generated with the
AWG and analyzed by
the OMA.
This signal could be
used for receiver stress
testing.
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Tools to generate signals for
Coherent Optical Applications

Go Where you Have Never Been Able to Test Before
In Speed, in Bandwidth and in Channel Density
Sample rate up to 65 GSa/s Up to 16 GSa of waveform memory per

per channel module (*)
Amplitude up to 1 Vpp(se) (2 Vpp(diff.)),

20 GHz analog bandwidth voltage window -1.0 +3.3V
1, 2 or 4 differential channels Ultra low intrinsic jitter

per 1-slot AXIe module (RJrms < 200 fs @ 32 Gb/s PRBS 211-1)
16-tap FIR filter in hardware for

frequency response compensation (*)
Multi-module synchronization up to 16
channels per 5-slot AXIe chassis (*)
New M8195A 65 GSa/s AWG (*) rev 2
Explore your possibilities

Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
How about Optical IQ Modulator ?
I X-polarization
/2
Q
/2
Q
Y-polarization

Optical IQ Modulator:
Optical Multiformat Transmitter: OMFT by IDPhotonics / HHI
Symbol rate
In combination with M8195A AWG 46 GBd for binary formats such as
BPSK, QPSK
34 GBd: for multi-level formats
such as 16QAM
typically >23 GHz BW
Dual polarization I-Q modulator
with typically 28 GHz bandwidth
40 GHz linear RF amplifiers
C+L band
Manual as well as automatic bias
setting (automatic for QPSK and 16-
OMFT frequency response (S-parameters) QAM only)
and RF cables de-embedded in AWG
In combination with DAC/AWG:
OMFT performance verified in combination pre-distortion to compensate for
nonlinearities of amplifiers and
with M8195A AWG
modulator
19 form factor
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Optical Modulation Generator Tool with E/O
E/O Modulator pre-distortion
E/O converter in Optical Mod. Gen Tool

Apply pre-distortion to compensate
modulator non-linearities
Includes settings to compensate for amplifier
gain and Vp
Provides compensation of E/O modulator
frequency response (S-parameters)
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
AWG software tools for optical applications
Optical Modulation Generator Tool (1) Optical Modulation Generator Tool *
Dedicated for optical applications
Generates 2 x I/Q simultaneously
Optical impairments in electrical domain
Signal Path De-Embedding using S-
Parameters, VSA Equalizer and factory cal
* based on MATLAB
Waveform
Input page
Basic Setup
Amplitude
Pulse
Shaping Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Dedicated for optical applications
Generates 2 x I/Q simultaneously
Compensation of Cable
Optical impairments in electrical domain
Skews & S-Parameters
Signal Path De-Embedding using S-
Parameters, VSA Equalizer and factory cal
* based on MATLAB
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Electrical Emulation of Optical Signal
Properties in Real Time (1):
- Phase Noise & Laser Linewidth
- Polarization Rotation
- 1st & 2nd order PMD
* based on MATLAB
(1) with Rev 2 of AWG
in Oct 2015
Phase
Noise
Polarization
PMD Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Tools for Coherent Signal Analysis
N439xA Optical Modulation Analyzer Family
For coherent transmission research & Mfg
N4391A Optical Modulation Analyzer
4 x 33 GHz in a single scope
4 x 63 GHz as dual instrument
setup special (call factory)
4 x 80 GSa/s sampling rate (160 Gsa/s for 63 GHz)
Up to 2 GSa/Ch memory
Lowest noise floor (typ. 1.5% EVMrms)
N4392A integrated Optical Mod. Analyzer

Compact, fully integrated, no external cabling
4 x 23 GHz in a single instrument for dual
polarization optical analysis
4 x 23 GHz electrical inputs for dual polarization
ICR testing
4 x 63 GSa/s sampling rate
16 kSa/Ch memory
Noise floor (typ. 2 % EVMrms)
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Smart Setup in OMA Software
Smart setup - the easiest way to setup an OMA
0 1 Enter carrier wavelength or frequency
2 Enter symbol rate
1 3 Check modulation format
4 Select between back to back and link measurement
-> done
2
3
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Tabular Measurement results, well structured
Per Polarization results Cross Channel results
X-Polarization
Y-Polarization
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Widest Selection of Modulation Formats
No limits Custom APSK & OFDM
Custom
APSK
Its your choice:

39 pre-defined modulation formats
or
Custom APSK demodulation
o Up to 8 amplitude levels
Custom
o In up to 256 constellation points
OFDM
o More to come, stay tuned ...
Custom OFDM demodulation
For now and the future !

Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Summary Optical Communication Solutions
Keysights Offering M8195A

AWG
Wideband AWG Opt.

Mod.
Gen.
Tool
Tools for Coherent Signal Generation
Accurate and Repeatable Impairments N4391A

OMA
Tools for Coherent Signal Analysis
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Further References
Publication title Publication No.
N4391A Optical Modulation Analyzer Data Sheet 5990-3509EN
N4392A Integrated Optical Modulation Analyzer Data Sheet 5990-9863EN
Infiniium Z-Series Oscilloscopes - Data Sheet 5991-3868EN
M8195A 65 GSa/s Arbitrary Waveform Generator 5992-0014EN
Metrology of Advanced Optical Modulation Formats - White Paper 5990-3748EN

Kalman Filter Based Estimation and Demodulation of Complex Signals White paper 5990-6409EN
Vector Signal Analysis Basics - Application Note 5989-1121EN

Digital Modulation in Communications Systems - An Introduction Application Note 5965-7160E
Essentials of Coherent Optical Data Transmission - Application Note 5991-1809EN
More Information is available from these Jumpstations:

Arbitrary Waveform Generator M8195A and
Optical Modulation Generator Software: www.keysight.com/find/M8195A
Optical Modulation Analyzer: www.keysight.com/find/OMA
Lightwave Component Analyzer: www.keysight.com/find/LCA
Contact: michael_koenigsmann@keysight.com
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Questions?
Comments?
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Comms Systems 54
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Backup
Overview: AWG Software tools for coherent
optical applications
Optical
Soft Front Panel Modulation IQTools
Software
Comes with Purchased Available free of
Availability
M8195A Firmware separately charge
Requires - MATLAB runtime MATLAB
Modulation QPSK, QAMx and QPSK, QAMx,
QPSK, QAMx
Formats many more OFDM
Dual I/Q Yes Yes No
Built-in Cal Yes Yes Yes
In-system Cal Manual Automatic 1, 2 Automatic 1, 2, 3
I/Q Skew Manual Manual Automatic

Optical
impairments No Yes No
(incl. support for real-
time DSP)
1 2 3
Keysight Infiniium Series Scope needed using VSA Equalizer using own cal routine
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
N4391A & N4392A core specification comparison
Parameter N4391A N4392A

Analog Bandwidth 4x 33 GHz 4x 23 GHz
EVM noise floor typ. 1) < 1.5 % rms < 2 % rms
Sample rate 4x 80 GSa/s 4x 63 GSa/s
Max. BaudRate 63 GBd 46 GBd
Sensitivity -20 dBm -22 dBm
Sample Memory Up to 4x 2 GSa 4x 16 kSa
Software platform VSA/OMA 4.x
Wavelength accuracy +/- 5 pm +/- 2 pm
Weight ~ 48 kg (106 lbs) 13 kg (28.7 lbs)
Portability no yes
1) @ reference conditions
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Individual BER Test on each Tributary
Debug your transmitter faster
Debug your Tx by identifiying
the path of each data stream
Full flexibility to setup the link
from pattern source to tributary
Select Pre-defined or
User PRBS files
Easy intuitive setup
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
New Measurements and Result Tables
7 new measurement traces and

tables related to each
polarization plane
4 new measurement traces and
tables for cross-channel
measurement results
Get new measurement results
in the same way as you are
used to.
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
Improved Training Tools
New help system

Dynamic Help
12 Demo traces in VSA demo

environment for self paced learning
32 GBd demo files measured at
5 power levels
Selection of 5 generic files with
various modulation formats
Selection of PAM 4 recordings Demo Video
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
OMA Software 4.1 (1)
Get deeper insight Carrier phase display

Residual carrier phase
to behavior of your carrier laser calculated from Kalman
phase tracking
relative to used local oscillator
by seeing IQ offset resolved

I - Q resolved IQ offset
in I and Q part to speed up Offset of I component of
the modulator
transmitter alignment
Offset of Q component of
the modulator
by analyzing X-Y imbalance
X - Y Imbalance
to see imbalances in power
Basic test for PDL
between polarization planes analysis by analyzing
X-Y imbalance over time
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
OMA Software 4.1 (2)
Get deeper insight EVM percentile

Calculate the percentile of
In long term signal distribution a selectable hit ratio
by percentile EVM analysis Resolved to polarization
plane or full signal
By requesting more analysis

More Algorithms
points for your own algorithm Brick Wall Filter
Request more points
Adding software Brick Wall Filter
Plotting a scalar value over Value over time

number of screen updates to Plot any scalar measured
value over selectable
analyze long term effects number of frames
Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
N4391A / N4392A
Typical Tests in
Complex Transmissions N4391A / N4392A
Received Signal
Signal Quality (EVM, BER,)
N4391A / N4392A
Distortion caused by link impairments
Carrier Laser Carrier Laser

Line-width Transmitter Line-width
Phase Noise Signal Quality (EVM, Phase Noise
Skews) LO
Laser
TX Carrier IQ Loss, PDL Optical RX

electronic Laser Mod. CD, PMD Coherent Signal
Rx Processing
Coherent Rx assembly
Substitute TX Electronic Modulator Phase Angle vs l
Multiformat AWG M8195A S-parameter Skew
Optical Impairment Emulation S21, Bandwidth Relative gain
Clean Signal El. ReturnLoss Polarization
Wide Bandwidth Skews, Crosstalk S-parameter
LCA
CMRR
M8195A Substitute Tx with Golden Tx based on

N4392A LCA AWG M8195A and Reference Modulator
Page 64
2015 Keysight TechnologiesM8195A + OMFT
64
Typical AWG requirement (electrical)
32 GBd, 16QAM EVM ~ 3%rms
Troubleshooting
32 GBd, 16QAM EVM ~ 3%rms Coherent Optical
Company Page
Comms Systems Confidential
65
65
up to the high end you can achieve
32 GBd, 64 QAM = 192 Gb/s
56 GBd, QPSK = 112 Gb/s

Troubleshooting
Coherent Optical
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Troubleshooting Coherent Optical Presented by:

2015 Keysight Technologies

By 2020 there will be around 20 Billion

Higher Order Modulation Formats OFDM Time-Domain Pulse Shaping

Requirements for a test instrument:

QPSK QAM128 OFDM

Pattern RefTx or Network or DUT Error

Test setup with AWG

DUT Error Digital Coherent Receiver DSP Test

Generates clean signals at 32 GBd and beyond

Provides 4 independent analog outputs for dual-polarization

Emulate optical distortions in the electrical space

Clean Signal generation (electrical & optical)

Out-of-the-box calibration ensures clean signal at the frontpanel connector

In-situ calibration extend clean signal to the receiver test point

Without correction With correction Without correction With correction

Vector Signal Analysis (VSA) software

Optionally: optimize the

/2 Optional Fiber &

Measure frequency/phase response as determined by the coherent receiver

2015 Keysight Technologies

Typical test requirements:

ROADM Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer Troubleshooting

I X-Polarization Frequency response

Typical test requirements:

Typical Measures Indication

shows the carrier's frequency error

Effect of PRBS delay

Effects of IQ PRBS Delay in bit (PRBS length 215-1)

2015 Keysight Technologies

The OMA allows to analyze

Great Circle Slicer

35ps PMD, Troubleshooting

The OMA allows to

2015 Keysight Technologies

Sample rate up to 65 GSa/s Up to 16 GSa of waveform memory per

Amplitude up to 1 Vpp(se) (2 Vpp(diff.)),

1, 2 or 4 differential channels Ultra low intrinsic jitter

16-tap FIR filter in hardware for

New M8195A 65 GSa/s AWG (*) rev 2

Explore your possibilities

2015 Keysight Technologies

E/O converter in Optical Mod. Gen Tool

N4392A integrated Optical Mod. Analyzer

Its your choice:

Custom OFDM demodulation

For now and the future !

Keysights Offering M8195A

Wideband AWG Opt.

Accurate and Repeatable Impairments N4391A

Tools for Coherent Signal Analysis

Metrology of Advanced Optical Modulation Formats - White Paper 5990-3748EN

Vector Signal Analysis Basics - Application Note 5989-1121EN

More Information is available from these Jumpstations:

Built-in Cal Yes Yes Yes

In-system Cal Manual Automatic 1, 2 Automatic 1, 2, 3

I/Q Skew Manual Manual Automatic

Parameter N4391A N4392A