Tieng Anh Dien

- Could, may,might+ have+ p2= c l ( din t mt kh nng xy ra qu kh song ngi ni zm
chc)
Ex: He could have forgotten(forgot cng ok) the ticket for the concert last night.
I didn't hear the phone ring, i might have been sleeping at that time
John might have gone to the cinema Yesterday
- Should have+ p2 = l ra phi, l ra nn( ch mt vic l ra xy ra trong qu kh nhng v l do no
li xy ra)
ex:
Maria shuldnt have called john last night
john should have gone to the post office this mning
the policeman should have made a report about the burglary
- Must have+ p2 = Chc l , hn l ( Ch mt kt lun logic trn nhng hin tng xy ra qa kh.)
Ex:
The grass is wet. It must have rained last night
Jane did very well on the exam. She must have studied hard
cch dng would rather( xem thm cch dung vi would prefer trnh nhm ln ngen bn )
-would rather do something = would prefer to do something : thich' lam` iu j` y
-would rather do something than do something = prefer doing something to doing something :thich'
lm ci j` hn 1 ci j`
ex : I would rather be at home than go to school
-would rather someone did (past tense ) somthing : thch 1 ngi lm iu` j` hin ti
ex:I would rather you helped me
ti mn by gi bn hy gip ti
-would rather SO had done ST : thich' ai lm chuyn j` q kh
I would rather you hadn't done that
ti mn bn k lm u
TTKK xin t dng gp vi li nha:

chuyn mn ha cho webdien, tt c nhng g thuc 1 ni dung s c post v 1 topic. Mi
ngi cng ng gp cho nhng topic n nha. Ai c nhiu post nhiu, ai c t post t ha.
Cm n s hp tc ca mi ngi.
-------------------------------------
1. current /'krnt/ : dng in
direct current [ DC ] : dng in mt chiu
alternative current [AC] : dng in xoay chiu
2. battery /'btri/ : bnh in , c quy
3. generator /'denreit/ : my pht in

4. intensity /in'tensiti/ : cng
5. resistance /ri'zistns/ : in tr
6. resistivity /,rizis'tiviti/ : in tr sut
7. impedance /im'pi:dns/ : tr khng
8. conductance /kn'dktns/ : dn (n)

electrical conductivity : tnh dn in
9. circuit /'s:kit/ : mch in

short circuit : ngn mch
10. phase /feiz/ : pha

1. bus bar : thanh dn , thanh gp
2. wire /wai / : dy ( in )
iron wire : dy thp
3. cable /'keibl/ : dy cp
4. strand /strnd/ : dy in nhiu si nh
5. core /k:/ : li dy n
6. sheath /i:/ : v cp in
7. live wire /liv wai / : dy nng

8. neutral wire /'nju:trl wai / : dy trung tnh , dy ngui
9. ground wire /graund wai / : dy ni t
10. lightning down conductor : dy dn st xung t

11. conduit /'kndit/ ng bc ( i dy)
conduit box : hp ni bc
2. fuse /fju:z/ : cu ch
cartridge fuse /'k:trid fju:z/ : cu ch ng
3. disconnector : cu dao
4. isolator switch : cu dao ln
5. CB = circuit breaker : ngt in t ng
6. DB = distribution board /,distri'bju:n b:d/ : t in

MDB = main distribution board /mein ,distri'bju:n b:d/ : t
in chnh
7. electricity meter : ng h in
8. jack /dk/ : u cm theo t in oxford . theo t in xy

dng v t in webster th ngha l cm
9.series circuit /'siri:z 's:kit/ : mch ni tip

parallel circuit /'prlel 's:kit/ : mch song song
10. fault /f:lt/ : dng in ngn mch do s c [k bit dch th

ny ng k ?]
3. 1. ACB = air circuit breakers : my ct khng kh
2. ACR = automatic circuit recloser : my ct t ng li
3. ACE = area control error
4. ADC = analog digital converter : b bin i tng t s
5. AFC = automatic frequency control : iu khin tn s t

ng
6. ALU = arithmatic and logic unit
7. AGC = automatic generation control : diu khin phn phi

cng sut t ng
8. AMR = automated meter reading : c in k t ng
9. ATS = automatic transfer switch : thit b chuyn ngun t

ng
10. ARS = autoreclosing schemes : s t ng li t ng

4.
1. light /lait/ : nh sng , n
2. lamp /lmp/ : n
3. fixture /'fikst/ : b n
4. fluorescent light /fluorescent/ : n hunh quang nh sng

trng
5. sodium light = sodium vapour lamp /'soudjm 'veip/ : n
natri cao p , nh sng vng cam
6. recessed fixture /ri'ses/ : n m trn
7. emergency light /i'm:densi/ : n khn cp , t ng sng

khi cp in
8. halogen bulb /kw:ts 'hlouden blb/ : n halogen
9. incandescent daylight lamb /incandescent/ : n c nh sng

trng ( loi dy tc v ta nhit rt nng )
10 . neon light /'ni:n/ : n n ng

2. 1. AVR = automatic protection regulator : b iu chnh in
p t ng [t ny vit sai]
vit ng li l : AVR = automatic voltage regulator
2. admittance relays : rle tng dn
3. amplidyne : khuch i quay
4. anti pumping divice : b phn chng ng lp i lp li ca

ACR
5. APGS = automatic protection group selection : la chn

nhm bo v
6. apparent impedace : tng tr biu kin o c bi rle

7. AR = auto restoration : t ng ti lp li in
8. back up protection : bo v d tr
9. balance point reach = setting tripping threshold : ngng tc

ng
10 . block : kha , cm
. biased differential relays : role so lch c hm
2. bushing current transformer : BI s
3. brushless exitation system : h thng kch thch khng chi

than
4. by pass : ni tt
5. communication media : mi trng truyn tin
6. comparator : b so snh
7. CPS = communication port switch : kha lin kt truyn tin
8. cold load pickup : dng t khi ng
9. current transformer : my bin dng BI
10. communication processor : b x l truyn tin

3.
4. . DAS = data acquisition systems /,kwi'zin/ : h thng thu
nhp d liu
2. CAPM = control and protection module : khi bo v v iu

khin
3. DC components /km'pounnt/ : thnh phn 1 chiu , khng

chu k
4. DAS = distribution automation system /,distri'bju:n/ : h

thng t ng phn phi
5. damping winding /'dmpi 'waindi / : cun cn
6. dead line : ng dy cha mang in
7. DFR = digital fault recorder /'diditl f:lt ri'k:d/ : b ghi s

c
8. definite time current caracteristic /'definit/ : c tnh dng

in thi gian c lp
9. differentical protection : bo v so lch
10. directional comparison schemes : s so snh hng
1. magnet nam chm

field magnet: nam chm to t trng
2. Armature: phn ng
3. Possitive :cc dng
4. Torque: mmen xon
5. Inverter: b bin tn
6. Converter: b chnh lu c iu khin
Mt s t mnh mi hc v trang b in cho cu trc cn trc:

7. trolley. C cu di chuyueenr xe con
8. Back power resistor ccuirt in tr tiu tn nng lng
9. Gantry: c cu di chuyn gin
10. hoist c cu nng h hang

2. 1. AVR : automatic voltage regulator : b t ng iu chnh
in p.
2. CT : current transformer : bin dng
3. Si : silicon rectifier : b chnh lu
4. AUX : auxiliary :ph, b tr
5. D-G : diesel generator : t hp diesel lai my pht.
6. SYN : synchronizing : ha ng b
7. SYL : synchronizing lamp : n ha ng b
8. ACH : automatic battery charge : b np c quy t ng
9. COS : change over switch : cng tc chuyn i
10 LS : limit switch : cng tc gii hn

3. 1. directional protection : bo v c hng
2. distance relays : bo v khong cch

3. directional comparison blocking scheme : s truyn kha
so snh hng
4. underreaching transfer trip scheme : s truyn ct di tm
5. overreaching transfer trip scheme : s truyn ct qu tm
6. EHV = extra high voltage : siu cao p
7. electromechanical relays : rle in c
8. EF = earth fault : chm t
9. ELCB = earth leakage circuit breaker : my ct chng dng r
10. FCO = fulse cut out : cu ch t ri

4. 1. flood: n pha
2. space : d phng,
space heater in tr sy d phng
3. voltage increase: tng gim in p
4. UV=under voltage: thp p(r le bo v thp p)
5. balaster: chn lu ca n cao p thy ngn
6. mercury vapor flood light: n pha chiu sng khi chuyn

ng
7. gyrotas: cabin li
8. hoist breake: phanh hm dng chnh xc ca c cu nng h
hng cho cu trc, cn trc
9. anti-sway tour motor: ng c chng lc
10. PG= pulse genenator: my pht

5. 01.Skin effects:Hiu ng b mt
02.Internal resistance:Ni tr
03.Relative permeability : t thm tng i
04.Geometric mean radius:Bn knh trung bnh hnh hc (ca

2 dy dn t song song)
05.Nonmagnetic conductor:Vt dn khng t tnh
06.Temperature coefficient:H s nhit
07.Line impedance:Tr khng ng dy
08.Line-loss :tn tht trn ng dy
09.Voltage drop:st p
10.Frequency range:Di tn s
6. 1.ASD :auto synchro device : thit b ha ng b t ng.
2.ATS : auto transfer switch : cng tc chuyn mch t ng.
3.EXS : excitation switch/eksitein / : cng tc kch t ( mi
t)
4.INST : instantaneous /instn'teinjs/ : tc thi ( mt ch
hot ng ca ACB )
5.LTD : long time delay : tc ng c thi gian ( mt ch
hot ng ca ACB)
6.STD : short time delay : thi gian tc ng ngn ( mt ch
hot ng ca ACB)
7.OCR : over current relay : r le bo v qu ti
8.OVR : over voltage relay : r le bo v qu p
9.RPR : reverse power relay : r le bo v cng sut ngc.
10.UVC: undervoltage trip coil : cun nh in p thp
1. field shorting circuit : mch p t trng
2. HMI = human machine interface : giao tip ngi my
3. impedance relays : r le tng tr
4. inverse time current characteristic : c tnh dng in -

thi gian ph thuc
5. instantaneous over current protection : bo v qu dng ct

nhanh
6. instrument transformer : b bin i o lng
7. instantaneous operation : tc ng tc thi
8. isochronous governor : b iu tc c c tnh iu chnh

c lp
9. LBS : load break switch : thit b ng ct ti

10. load damping factor : h s chnh ti
1. local backup protection : bo v d tr ti ch
2. longitudinal differential protection : bo v so lch dc
3. LOP = loss of phase : mt pha
4. live line reclosing : ng li ng dy mang in
5. LTC - load tap changer : b t u nc
6. maximmum over current protection : bo v dng cc i
7. magnetising inrush current : dng in t ha nhy vt
8. mutual coupling : h cm
9. NPS = negative phase sequence : th t pha nghch
10. over excitation : qu kch thch

1. Rated Output Power: cng sut nh mc
2. Rated Voltage: in p nh mc
3. Max Continuous Stall Torque: m men trc cc i
4. Peak Current:dng in
5. Torque Constant: m men khng i
6. Inertia at Output Shalt: s vng quay
7. Mechanical Time Constant:hng s thi gian
8. Torque -Speed Gradient: tc bin thin momen
9. Viscuos Damping Constant: di cho php
10. No load Running Current: dng khng ti
. opam = operational anylifier : khuch i thut ton
2. OCB = oil circuit breaker : my ct du
3. operating thresholds : ngng tc ng
4. overvoltage relays : r le qu in p
5. overreach : qu tm
6. permissive schemes : s cho php
7. pemissive underreaching transfer trip scheme : s

truyn ct di tm cho php
8. PSM = relay plug setting mutiplier : bi s nhn dng in

t
9. potential transformers : my bin in p
10. power swing : dao ng cng sut

1.principle of operation : nguyn tc vn hnh
2.series starter : b khi ng ni tip
3.solar cell : tm pin mt tri
4.stripper : km tut v dy
5.breaker protection : bo v my ct
6.arc arrester : b dp h quang
7.asynchronous machine :my in khng ng b
8.automatic circuit-breaker : my ct t ng, aptomat
9.breakaway torque :momen khi ng
10.cell charge :np pin
1. Hazard: ri ro
2. dedicate: chuyn dng
3. bonding: lin kt
4. isolated: tch bit, ring bit
5. disturbance: nhiu.
6. fundamental: c bn
7. phenomenon: hin tng
8. impedance: tr khng
9. resonance: cng hng
10. reinforce: tng cng thm, gia c thm
1. Arcing: H quang (arc);
2. Breakdown: nh thng cch in;
3. Delay time: Thi gian tr;
4. Earth bar: Thanh ni t;
5. Earth clamp: Kp ni t;
6. Earth rod: Cc ni t;
7. GEM = Ground Enhancement Material: Vt liu ci thin
in tr t;
8. Ground potential: in th t;
9. Phase tester: Bt th in;
10. Protection area: Vng bo v;
11. Protection characteristic: c tuyn bo v;
12. Quality: Cht lng;
13. Quantity: S lng;
14. Rated voltage: in p nh mc (Ur);
15. Nominal voltage: in p danh nh (Un
1. Cable trench: Rnh cp
2. Cable tray: khay cp
3. Cable ladder: thang cp
4. Trunking: mng hp
5. Conduit: ng lun dy
6. Technical gallery: hnh lang k thut
7. Cable gland: mng sng m cp
8. MCC - Motor Control Center - T iu khin ng c
9. Reducer: khu thu hp
10. Bend: co, ct (ch un cong)
1. primary voltage : in p s cp
2. secondary voltage : in p th cp
3. zone substation : trm truyn ti
4. terminal station : trm h thng
5. service type : kiu lp t
6. step up transformer :MBA tng ap
7. step down transformer :MBA gim ap
8. power rating : dung lng nh mc
9. standard : tiu chun
10. rated frequency : tn s nh mc
1.transformer:my bin p
2.electric motor: my in
3.plug: phch cm
4.electric light bulb:bng n trn
5.electric light tube:bng n di
6.insulator:s cch in
7.switch:cng tc
8.vacuum circuit breaker: my ct chn khng
9.miniature circuit breaker:at to mat
10.disconnector:dao cch ly
1. HVAC: Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning - H
thng iu ha khng kh v thng gi.
2. PABX: private automatic branch exchange - H thng tng
i in thoi ni b
3. CCTV: Closed Circuit Television - H thng camera gim st
an ning
4. CATV: Community Antenna TV - H thng truyn hnh cp
5. MATV: Master Antenna TV - H thng truyn hnh v tinh
6. PA: Public Address - H thng m thanh cng cng
7. Fire alarm: H thng bo chy t ng
8. Fire Protection & Fighting: H thng PCCC
9. Water Supply and Sewerage: H thng cp thot nc
10. BMS: Building managment System - H thng qun l ta
nh
1. Inrush current : Dng khi ng
2. Initially: Vo lc ban u, ban u
3. Surge: S dng ln
4. Perpendicularity: S thng gc
5. Tradeoff: S cn bng
6. Arbitrary(adj): Bt k, ty
7. Fraction: Phn s
8. Predict: D on.
9. Conspire : Kt hp li "The effects of hysteresis and eddy
currents conspire to further distort and complicate the current
waveform".
10. Distort: B mo
1. Feeder: Pht tuyn
2. Lateral: Nhnh.
3. Overhead transmission line: ng dy truyn ti trn

khng.
4. Nonuniformly distributed load: Ti phn b u.

5. Sag: vng.
6. Span: Khong vt.
7. Tension: Lc cng, sc cng (dy dn).
8. Geometric Mean Distance (GMD): Khong cch trung

bnh hnh hc (cc pha)
9.Geometric Mean Radius (GMR): Bn knh trung bnh

hnh hc.
10. Bundled conductor: Dy dn nhiu si ph (phn pha)

Air distribution system .................................: H thng iu phi
kh
Ammeter .................................................. .: Ampe k
Busbar .................................................. ....: Thanh dn
Cast-Resin dry transformer............................: My bin p kh
Circuit Breaker ............................................: Aptomat hoc my

ct
Compact fluorescent lamp..............................: n hunh quang
Contactor .................................................. : Cng tc t
Current carrying capacity...............................: Kh nng mang

ti
Dielectric insulation ......................................: in mi cch
in
Distribution Board .........................................: T/bng phn

phi in
Downstream circuit breaker.............................: B ngt in

cui ngun
Earth conductor ...........................................: Dy ni t
Earthing system ...........................................: H thng ni t
Equipotential bonding ....................................: Lin kt ng th
Fire retardant ..............................................: Cht cn chy
Galvanised component ...................................:Cu kin m km
Impedance Earth ..........................................: in tr khng t
Instantaneous current ...................................: Dng in tc thi
Light emitting diode ......................................: it pht sng
Neutral bar .................................................. : Thanh trung ho
Oil-immersed transformer.................................: My bin p du
Outer Sheath ...............................................: V bc dy in

Relay .................................................. ........: R le
Sensor / Detector ...............................: Thit b cm bin, thit b

d tm
Switching Panel ............................................: Bng ng ngt

mch
Tubular fluorescent lamp.................................: n ng hunh

quang
Upstream circuit breaker..................................: B ngt in u

ngun
Voltage drop .................................................: St p
accesssories .................................................: ph kin
alarm bell .................................................. ....: chung bo t

ng
burglar alarm .................................................. : chung bo trm
cable .................................................. ..........:cp in
conduit .................................................. .......:ng bc
current .................................................. .......:dng in
Direct current .................................................: in 1 chiu

electric door opener .........................................: thit b m ca
electrical appliances .........................................: thit b in gia

dng
electrical insulating material ...............................: vt liu cch

in
fixture .................................................. .........:b n
high voltage .................................................. .:cao th
illuminance .................................................. ...: s chiu sng
jack .................................................. ............:u cm
lamp .................................................. ............:n
leakage current ...............................................: dng r
live wire .................................................. .......:dy nng
low voltage .................................................. ...: h th
neutral wire .................................................. ..:dy ngui
photoelectric cell .............................................: t bo quang

in
relay............................................. .................: r-le

smoke bell .................................................. ....: chung bo khi
smoke detector ...............................................: u d khi
wire .................................................. ............:dy in
Capacitor .................................................. .....: T in
Compensate capacitor ......................................: T b
Cooling fan .................................................. ...: Qut lm mt
Copper equipotential bonding bar ...................: Tm ni ng

th bng ng
Current transformer ..........................................: My bin dng
Disruptive discharge .......................................: S phng in

nh thng
Disruptive discharge switch ..............................: B kch mi
Earthing leads ................................................: Dy tip a
Incoming Circuit Breaker ...................................: Aptomat tng
Lifting lug .................................................. ....: Vu cu
Magnetic contact ...........................................: cng tc in t

Magnetic Brake ...............................................: b hm t
Overhead Concealed Loser ...............................: Tay nm thu

lc
Phase reversal ................................................: lch pha
Potential pulse ................................................: in p xung
Rated current........................................... .......: Dng nh mc
Selector switch ..............................................: Cng tc chuyn

mch
Starting current ..............................................: Dng khi ng
Vector group .................................................. : T u dy
My t l l, nhiu khi ngh hng ra n:
Punching: l thp c dp nh hnh.

3p crcuit breaker: hng phi l my ct 3 pha u nha. N l
my ct 3 cc. 3p = 3 poles.
R le Mho: R le tng dn. Ngc li vi r le tng tr, thng
dng bo v mt kch thch cho my pht. Mho l vit ngc
ca... Ohm (hi hi, phi hng ta?)
Winding: dy qun (trong my in).
Wiring: cng vic i dy.
Bushing: s xuyn.
Differential amplifyer: mch khuch i vi sai.
Differential relay: r le so lch.
Different gear box: trong xe t, n l cu vi sai.
Autotransformer: hng phi bin p t ng, m l bin p t
ngu.
Varac: t ngn gn ca variable autotransformer: bin p t
ngu iu chnh c bng cch xoay.
PT: Potention transformer: my bin p o lng. Cng dng
VT: voltage transformer.
Cell: Trong c quy th n l 1 hc (2.2 V) Trong quang in th
n l t bo quang in. Cn cell phone l...
Fault: s c, thng dng ch s c ngn mch.
Earth fault: s c chm t.
Reactor: trong h thng in th n l cun cm. Trong l phn
ng ht nhn th n l b phn khng ch tc phn ng.
Trip: my b ngng hot ng do s c.
Field: trong l thuyt th n l trng. (nh in trng, t
trng...). Trong my in n l cun dy kch thch. Trong trit
hc n l lnh vc. thng thng, n l.. cnh ng.
Loss of field: mt kch t.
Coupling: trong in t n l phng php ni tng. Nhng
trong c in, n li l khp ni, dng kt ni gia ng c
v ti (bm chng hn).
Orifice: l tit lu.
Oring: vng cao su c thit din trn, thng dng lm kn.
Check valve: van mt chiu??? Ng ha?
Air distribution system : H thng iu phi kh

Ammeter : Ampe k
Busbar : Thanh dn
Cast-Resin dry transformer: My bin p kh

Circuit Breaker : Aptomat hoc my ct
Compact fluorescent lamp: n hunh quang
Contactor : Cng tc t
Current carrying capacity: Kh nng mang ti
Dielectric insulation : in mi cch in

Distribution Board : T/bng phn phi in
Downstream circuit breaker: B ngt in cui ngun
Earth conductor : Dy ni t
Earthing system : H thng ni t
Equipotential bonding : Lin kt ng th
Fire retardant : Cht cn chy
Galvanised component :Cu kin m km
Impedance Earth : in tr khng t

Instantaneous current : Dng in tc thi
Light emitting diode : it pht sng
Neutral bar : Thanh trung ho
Oil-immersed transformer: My bin p du

Outer Sheath : V bc dy in
Relay : R le
Sensor / Detector : Thit b cm bin, thit b d tm
Switching Panel : Bng ng ngt mch
Tubular fluorescent lamp: n ng hunh quang
Upstream circuit breaker: B ngt in u ngun
Voltage drop : St p
accesssories : ph kin
alarm bell : chung bo t ng

burglar alarm : chung bo trm
cable :cp in
conduit :ng bc
current :dng in
Direct current :in 1 chiu
electric door opener : thit b m ca

electrical appliances : thit b in gia dng
electrical insulating material : vt liu cch in
fixture :b n
high voltage :cao th

illuminance : s chiu sng
jack :u cm
lamp :n
leakage current : dng r
live wire :dy nng
low voltage : h th
neutral wire :dy ngui
photoelectric cell : t bo quang in
relay : r-le
smoke bell : chung bo khi

smoke detector : u d khi
wire :dy in
Capacitor : T in
Compensate capacitor : T b
Cooling fan : Qut lm mt
Copper equipotential bonding bar : Tm ni ng th bng ng
Current transformer : My bin dng
Disruptive discharge : S phng in nh thng

Disruptive discharge switch : B kch mi
Earthing leads : Dy tip a
Incoming Circuit Breaker : Aptomat tng
Lifting lug : Vu cu
Magnetic contact : cng tc in t

Magnetic Brake : b hm t
Overhead Concealed Loser : Tay nm thu lc
Phase reversal : lch pha

Potential pulse : in p xung
Rated current : Dng nh mc
Selector switch : Cng tc chuyn mch

Starting current : Dng khi ng
Vector group : T u dy
Trm bin p n: (hi hi, my ci ny ai cng bit "gi")
Power station: trm in.

Bushing: s xuyn.
Disconnecting switch: Dao cch ly.
Circuit breaker: my ct.
Power transformer: Bin p lc.
Voltage transformer (VT) Potention transformer (PT): my bin
p o lng.
Current transformer: my bin dng o lng.
bushing type CT: Bin dng chn s.
Winding type CT: Bin dng kiu dy qun.
Auxiliary contact, auxiliary switch: tip im ph.
Limit switch: tip im gii hn.
Thermometer: ng h nhit .
Thermostat, thermal switch: cng tc nhit.
pressure gause: ng h p sut.
Pressure switch: cng tc p sut.
Sudden pressure relay: r le t bin p sut.
Radiator, cooler: b gii nhit ca my bin p.
Auxiliary oil tank: bn du ph, thng gin du.
Position switch: tip im v tr.
Control board: bng iu khin.
Rotary switch: b tip im xoay.
control switch: cn iu khin.
selector switch: cn la chn.
Synchro switch: cn cho php ha ng b.
Synchro scope: ng b k, ng h o gc pha khi ha in.
Alarm: cnh bo, bo ng.
Announciation: bo ng bng m thanh (chung hoc ci).
Protective relay: r le bo v.
Transformer Differential relay: r le so lch my bin p.
Line Differential relay: r le so lch ng dy.
Busbar Differential relay: r le so lch thanh ci.
Distance relay: r le khong cch.
Over current relay: R le qu dng.
Time over current relay: R le qu dngc thi gian.
Time delay relay: r le thi gian.
Directional time overcurrent relay: R le qu dng nh hng
c thi gian.
Negative sequence time overcurrent relay: R le qa dng th t
nghch c thi gian.
Under voltage relay: r le thp p.
Over voltage relay: r le qu p.
Earth fault relay: r le chm t.
Synchronizising relay: r le ha ng b.
Synchro check relay: r le chng ha sai.
Indicator lamp, indicating lamp: n bo hiu, n ch th.
Voltmetter, ampmetter, wattmetter, PF metter... cc dng c o
lng V, A, W, cos phi...
Phase shifting transformer: Bin th di pha.
V ... nh my in:
Power plant: nh my in.

Generator: my pht in.
Field: cun dy kch thch.
Winding: dy qun.
Connector: dy ni.
Lead: dy o ca ng h.
Wire: dy dn in.
Exciter: my kch thch.
Exciter field: kch thch ca... my kch thch.
Field amp: dng in kch thch.
Field volt: in p kch thch.
Active power: cng sut hu cng, cng sut tc dng, cng
sut o.
Reactive power: Cng sut phn khng, cng sut v cng, cng
sut o.
Governor: b iu tc.
AVR : Automatic Voltage Regulator: b iu p t ng.
Armature: phn cm.
Hydrolic: thy lc.
Lub oil: = lubricating oil: du bi trn.
AOP: Auxiliary oil pump: Bm du ph.
Boiler Feed pump: bm nc cp cho l hi.
Condensat pump: Bm nc ngng.
Circulating water pump: Bm nc tun hon.
Bearing: gi trc, b trc, ...
Ball bearing: vng bi, bc n.
Bearing seal oil pump: Bm du lm kn gi trc.
Brush: chi than.
Tachometer: tc k
Tachogenerator: my pht tc.
Vibration detector, Vibration sensor: cm bin rung.
Coupling: khp ni
Fire detector: cm bin la (dng cho bo chy).
Flame detector: cm bin la, dng pht hin la bung t.
Ignition transformer: bin p nh la.
Spark plug: nn la, Bu gi.
Burner: vi t.
Solenoid valve: Van in t.
Check valve: van mt chiu.
Control valve: van iu khin c.
Motor operated control valve: Van iu chnh bng ng c
in.
Hydrolic control valve: vn iu khin bng thy lc.
Phneumatic control valve: van iu khin bng kh p.
1 Introduction Nhp mn, gii thiu
2 Philosophy Trit l
3 Linear Tuyn tnh
4 Ideal L tng
5 Voltage source Ngun p
6 Current source Ngun dng
7 Voltage divider B/mch phn p
8 Current divider B/mch phn dng
9 Superposition (Nguyn tc) xp chng
10 Ohm's law nh lut m
11 Concept Khi nim
12 Signal source Ngun tn hiu
13 Amplifier B/mch khuch i
14 Load Ti
15 Ground terminal Cc (ni) t
16 Input Ng vo
17 Output Ng ra
18 Open-circuit H mch
19 Gain H s khuch i (HSK), li
20 Voltage gain H s khuch i ( li) in p
21 Current gain H s khuch i ( li) dng in
22 Power gain H s khuch i ( li) cng sut
23 Power supply Ngun (nng lng)
24 Power conservation Bo ton cng sut
25 Efficiency Hiu sut
26 Cascade Ni tng
27 Notation Cch k hiu
28 Specific C th
29 Magnitude ln
30 Phase Pha
31 Model M hnh
32 Transconductance in dn truyn
33 Transresistance in tr truyn
34 Resistance in tr
35 Uniqueness Tnh c nht
36 Response p ng
37 Differential Vi sai (so lch)
38 Differential-mode Ch vi sai (so lch)
39 Common-mode Ch cch chung
40 Rejection Ratio T s kh
41 Operational amplifier B khuch i thut ton
42 Operation S hot ng
43 Negative m
44 Feedback Hi tip
45 Slew rate Tc thay i
46 Inverting o (du)
47 Noninverting Khng o (du)
48 Voltage follower B/mch theo in p
49 Summer B/mch cng
50 Diffential amplifier B/mch khuch i vi sai
51 Integrator B/mch tch phn
52 Differentiator B/mch vi phn
53 Tolerance Dung sai
54 Simultaneous equations H phng trnh
55 Diode i-t (linh kin chnh lu 2 cc)
56 Load-line ng ti (c tuyn ti)
57 Analysis Phn tch
58 Piecewise-linear Tuyn tnh tng on
59 Application ng dng
60 Regulator B/mch n nh
61 Numerical analysis Phn tch bng phng php s
62 Loaded C mang ti
63 Half-wave Na sng
64 Rectifier B/mch chnh lu
65 Charging Np (in tch)
66 Capacitance in dung
67 Ripple nhp nh
68 Half-cycle Na chu k
69 Peak nh (ca dng sng)
70 Inverse voltage in p ngc (t ln linh kin chnh lu)
71 Bridge rectifier B/mch chnh lu cu
72 Bipolar Lng cc
73 Junction Mi ni (bn dn)
74 Transistor Tran-zi-to (linh kin tch cc 3 cc)
75 Qualitative nh tnh
76 Description (S) m t
77 Region Vng/khu vc
78 Active-region Vng khuch i
79 Quantitative nh lng
80 Emitter Cc pht
81 Common-emitter Cc pht chung
82 Characteristic c tnh
83 Cutoff Ngt (i vi BJT)
84 Saturation Bo ha
85 Secondary Th cp
86 Effect Hiu ng
87 n-Channel Knh N
88 Governing Chi phi
89 Triode Linh kin 3 cc
90 Pinch-off Tht (i vi FET)
91 Boundary Bin
92 Transfer (S) truyn (nng lng, tn hiu )
93 Comparison S so snh
94 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Bn dn -xt kim loi
95 Depletion (S) suy gim
96 Enhancement (S) tng cng
97 Consideration Xem xt
98 Gate Cng
99 Protection Bo v
100 Structure Cu trc
101 Diagram S
102 Distortion Mo dng
103 Biasing (Vic) phn cc
104 Bias stability n nh phn cc
105 Four-resistor Bn-in tr
106 Fixed C nh
107 Bias circuit Mch phn cc
108 Constant base Dng nn khng i
109 Self bias T phn cc
110 Discrete Ri rc
111 Dual-supply Ngun i
112 Grounded-emitter Cc pht ni t
113 Diode-based (Pht trin) trn nn i-t
114 Current mirror B/mch gng dng in
115 Reference Tham chiu
116 Compliance Tun th
117 Relationship Mi quan h
118 Multiple Nhiu (a)
119 Small-signal Tn hiu nh
120 Equivalent circuit Mch tng ng
121 Constructing Xy dng
122 Emitter follower Mch theo in p (cc pht)
123 Common collector Cc thu chung
124 Bode plot Gin (lc ) Bode
125 Single-pole n cc (ch c mt cc)
126 Low-pass Thng thp
127 High-pass Thng cao
128 Coupling (Vic) ghp
129 RC-coupled Ghp bng RC
130 Low-frequency Tn s thp
131 Mid-frequency Tn s trung
132 Performance Hiu nng
133 Bypass Ni tt
134 Deriving (Vic) rt ra (cng thc, mi quan h, )
135 Hybrid Lai
136 High-frequency Tn s cao
137 Nonideal Khng l tng
138 Imperfection Khng hon ho
139 Bandwidth Bng thng (di thng)
140 Nonlinear Phi tuyn
141 Voltage swing Bin in p (dao ng)
142 Current limits Cc gii hn dng in
143 Error model M hnh sai s
144 Worst-case Trng hp xu nht
145 Instrumentation amplifier B/mch khuch i dng c
(trong o lng)
146 Simplified n gin ha
147 Noise Nhiu
148 Johnson noise Nhiu Johnson
149 Shot noise Nhiu Schottky
150 Flicker noise Nhiu hng, nhiu 1/f
151 Interference S nhiu lon
152 Noise performance Hiu nng nhiu
153 Term Thut ng
154 Definition nh ngha
155 Convention Quy c
156 Signal-to-noise ratio T s tn hiu-nhiu
157 Noise figure Ch s nhiu
158 Noise temperature Nhit nhiu
159 Converting Chuyn i
160 Adding Thm vo
161 Subtracting Bt ra
162 Uncorrelated Khng tng quan
163 Quantity i lng
164 Calculation (Vic) tnh ton, php tnh
165 Data D liu
166 Logic gate Cng lun l
167 Inverter B/mch o (lun l)
168 Ideal case Trng hp l tng
169 Actual case Trng hp thc t
170 Manufacturer Nh sn xut
171 Specification Ch tiu k thut
172 Noise margin Bin chng nhiu
173 Fan-out Kh nng ko ti
174 Consumption S tiu th
175 Static Tnh
176 Dynamic ng
177 Rise time Thi gian tng
178 Fall time Thi gian gim
179 Propagation delay Tr lan truyn
180 Logic family H (vi mch) lun l
181 Pull-up Ko ln
182 Drawback Nhc im
183 Large-signal Tn hiu ln
184 Half-circuit Na mch (vi sai)
185 Visualize Trc quan ha
186 Node Nt
187 Mesh Li
188 Closed loop Vng kn
189 Microphone u thu m
190 Sensor Cm bin
191 Loudspeaker Loa
192 Microwave Vi ba
193 Oven L
194 Loading effect Hiu ng t ti
195 rms value Gi tr hiu dng
196 figure of merit Ch s (khng th nguyn)
197 Visualization S trc quan ha
198 Short-circuit Ngn mch
199 Voltmeter Vn k
200 Ammeter Ampe k
201 Scale Thang o
202 Fundamental C bn
203 Product Tch
204 Derivation S rt ra
205 Level Mc
206 Simplicity S n gin
207 Conceptualize Khi nim ha
208 Phasor Vect
209 Terminology Thut ng
210 Common-Mode Rejection Ratio T s kh (tn hiu) cch
chung
211 Voltage-dependent Ph thuc in p
212 Current-dependent Ph thuc dng in
213 Fraction Mt phn
214 Quadrant Gc phn t
215 Breakdown nh thng
216 Avalanche Thc l
217 Graphical analysis Phn tch bng th
218 Emission S pht x
219 Thermal (Thuc v) nhit
220 Approximation S xp x
221 Generalization S khi qut ha
222 Topology S
223 Topologically Theo s
224 w.r.t So vi
225 Threshold Ngng
226 Quiescent Tnh (im lm vic)
227 Swing Bin dao ng
228 Power dissipation Tiu tn cng sut
229 Transcendental Siu vit
230 Numerator T s
231 Denominator Mu s
232 Asymptote Tim cn
233 Leakage R (r)
Low Voltage (LV) :............. H th

Medium Voltage (MV) :............. Trung th
High Voltage (HV) :............. Cao th
Extremely High Voltage (EHV) :............. Siu cao th
in p danh nh ca h thng in.............Nominal voltage of
a system)
Gi tr nh mc.............Rated value)
in p vn hnh h thng in (Operating voltage in a system)
in p cao nht (hoc thp nht) ca h thng (Highest
(lowest) voltage of a system)
in p cao nht i vi thit b (Highest voltage for equipment)
Cp in p (Voltage level)
lch in p (Voltage deviation)
st in p ng dy (Line voltage drop)
Dao ng in p (Voltage fluctuation)
Qu in p (trong h thng) (Overvoltage (in a system))
Qu in p tm thi (Temporary overvoltage)
Qu in p qu (Transient overvoltage)
Dng in p (Voltage surge)
Phc hi in p (Voltage recovery)
S khng cn bng in p (Voltage unbalance)
Qu in p thao tc (Switching overvoltage)
Qu in p st (Lightning overvoltage
Qu in p cng hng (Resonant overvoltage)
H s khng cn bng (Unbalance factor)
Cp cch in (Insulation level)
Cch in ngoi (External insulation)
Cch in trong (Internal insulation)
Cch in t phc hi (Self-restoring insulation)
Cch in khng t phc hi (Non-self-restoring insulation)
Cch in chnh (Main insulation)
Cch in ph (Auxiliary insulation)
Cch in kp (Double insulation)
Phi hp cch in (Insulation co-ordination)
Truyn ti in (Transmission of electricity)
Phn phi in (Distribution of electricity)
Lin kt h thng in (Interconnection of power systems)
im u ni (Connection point)
S h thng in (System diagram)
S vn hnh h thng in (System operational diagram)
Quy hoch h thng in (Power system planning)
n nh ca h thng in (Power system stability)
n nh ca ti (Load stability)
n nh tnh ca h thng in (Steady state stability of a power
system)
n nh qu (n nh ng) ca h thng in (Transient
stability of a power system)
n nh c iu kin ca h thng in (Conditional stability of
a power system)
Vn hnh ng b h thng in (Synchronous operation of a
system)
Trung tm iu h thng in Quc gia (National load
dispatch center)
H thng SCADA (Supervisory control and data acquisition
system)
Tiu chun vn hnh (Operation regulation)
Qun l nhu cu h thng (System demand control)
D bo qun l h thng in (Management forecast of a
system)
Tng cng h thng in (Reinforcement of a system)
Khong cch lm vic ti thiu (Minimum working distance)
Khong trng cch in ti thiu (Minimum insulation
clearance)
Khi ng lnh t my nhit in (Cold start-up thermal
generating set)
Khi ng nng t my nhit in (Hot start-up thermal
generating set)
Kh nng qu ti (Overload capacity)
Sa thi ph ti (Load shedding)
Cng sut sn sng ca mt t my (hoc mt nh my in)
(Available capacity of a it (of a power station)
Cng sut d phng ca mt h thng in (Reserve power of a
system)
D phng nng (Hot stand-by)
D phng ngui (Cold reserve) I.1.79. D phng s c (Outage
reserve)
D bo ph ti (Load forecast)
D bo cu trc pht in (Generation mix forecast)
Ch xc lp ca h thng in (Steady state of a power
system)
Ch qu ca h thng in (Transient state of a power
system)
Trng thi cn bng ca li in nhiu pha (Balanced state of a
polyphase network)
Trng thi khng cn bng ca mt li in nhiu pha
(Unbalanced state of a polyphase network)
tin cy cung cp in (Service reliability)
an ton cung cp in (Service security)
Phn phi kinh t ph ti (Economic loading schedule)
S cn bng ca li phn phi (Balancing of a distribution
networ
+++---o0o---+++
Nng lng
Fossil fuel: nng lng ha thch
Renewable energy: nng lng mi (nng lng ti so)
Green house effect: hiu ng nh knh
Grid: li in
Geothermal energy: nng lng a nhit
Photovoltaic cell: Pin quang in
Power tower: thp nng lng
Solar panel: cc tm thu nng lng mt tri
Solar power plant:nh my in mt tri
Solar power tower plant: nh my in mt tri c thp thu nhit
Solar trough power plant: nh my in mt tri c cc tm thu
nh sng dng hnh mng.
+++---o0o---+++
Single-axis tracking system: H thng theo di chuyn ng ca
mt tri c mt trc xoay
Dual-axis tracking system: H thng theo di chuyn ng ca
mt tri a trc xoay
Glass: thu knh
Reflector: b phn chiu nh sng mt tri
Convex mirror: gng cu li
Focal point: im tp trung nh sng mt tri
Dish-Stirling power plant: nh my in mt tri s dng ng
c Stirling (ci bin i nhit nng thnh ng nng dng
quay tuabin)
Concentrating photovoltaic power plant: nh my quang in tp
trung
Quang in
Photovoltaic: quang in
Current-voltage curve: ng cong c tnh vol-ampe
MPP:maximum power point - im cng sut t cc i trn
ng cong c tnh vol-ampe ca pin quang in
STC standard test condition: iu kin kim tra tiu chun (dng
xc nh cng sut cc i ca pin quang in)
Inverter: b bin i in
Track: di theo, bm theo
PR performance ratio: h s hot ng ca h thng quang in
c kt ni vi li.
+++---o0o---+++
Solar radiation:tia mt tri
Cc vt liu s dng ch to pin quang in hin nay:
Monocrystal silicon
Polycrystal silicon
Amorphous silicon
CIS/CIGS
CdTe
Concentrator cells
Busbar : Thanh dn



Voltage drop : St p

cable :cp in
conduit :ng bc
current :dng in

fixture :b n
jack :u cm
lamp :n
live wire :dy nng
low voltage : h th
relay : r-le

wire :dy in
Capacitor : T in


Lifting lug : Vu cu



1. conduit /'kndit/ ng bc ( i dy)

conduit box : hp ni bc
2. fuse /fju:z/ : cu ch
cartridge fuse /'k:trid fju:z/ : cu ch ng
3. disconnector : cu dao
4. isolator switch : cu dao ln

5. CB = circuit breaker : ngt in t ng
6. DB = distribution board /,distri'bju:n b:d/ : t in

MDB = main distribution board /mein ,distri'bju:n b:d/ : t
in chnh
7. electricity meter : ng h in
8. jack /dk/ : u cm theo t in oxford . theo t in xy

dng v t in webster th ngha l cm
9.series circuit /'siri:z 's:kit/ : mch ni tip

parallel circuit /'prlel 's:kit/ : mch song song
10. fault /f:lt/ : dng in ngn mch do s c [k bit dch th

ny ng k ?]
pressure........................p sut
vapour pressure...............p sut hi
inlet pressure.................p sut hi vo
static pressure.................p sut tnh
barometric pressure..............p sut kh quyn
critical pressure..................p sut ti hn
mercury manometer.............p k thy ngn
differential manometer.............p k so lch
spring manometer...................p k l xo
piezoelictrical manometer...............p k p in
Varactor : Diod bin dung
- Varistor : in tr c tr s bin i theo in p
- VCO ( Voltage Controlled Oscillator ) : B dao ng do s
iu khin ca in p
- VCXO ( Voltage Controlled Xtal Oscillator ) : Dao ng thch
anh c iu khin bi in th
- Vert. Defl : Li dc
- Vertical synchro : ng b dc
- VESA ( Video Electronics Standards Association ) : Hip hi
cc tiu chun in t v hnh nh
- VHF ( Video High Frequency) Cao Tn
- VID. AMP ( Video AMP) : Mch khuch i hnh nh
- Video : Hnh nh
- Video SW : Kha ng m tn hiu hnh nh
- Viewing angle: Gc nhn
- Visible : C th thy dc
- VLF ( Very Low Frequency ) : Tn s rt thp
- VOL : m lng
- VOLTAGE BOOST : Tng p
- VOLTAGE STAB : n p
- VPP ( Peak to peak Voltage ) : in p nh nh
- VSS ( Vertical Sync signal ) : Tn hiu ng b dc
EF : (Earth Fault), ch cc thit b in c chc nng bo v
chm t
EL : (Earth Leakage), ch cc thit b in c chc nng bo v
dng r (dng ZCT)
PL : (Phase Loss, Phase Failure), ch cc thit b in c chc
nng bo v mt pha
PR : (Phase Reversal, Phase Sequence), ch cc thit b in c
chc nng bo v th t pha (o pha)
UBV : (UnBalance Voltage) ch thit b in c chc nng bo
v mt cn bng p
UBC : (UnBalance Current) ch cc thit b in c chc nng
bo v mt cn bng dng in
OF : (Over Frequency) ch cc thit b in c chc nng bo
v qu tn s
UF : (Under Frequency) ch cc thit b in c chc nng bo
v thiu tn s
OSC : (OSCilloscope) My hin sng, dao ng k
FG : (Function Generator) My pht sng
Gp t thi kin thc Anh vn cn thng. cc bn thng cm
PWS : (Power Supply) b ngun, ngun cung cp
-Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition :H thng giam st
iu khin v thu thp s liu
(SCADA)
-Energy Management System: h thng qun l nng lng
(EMS)
-Distribution Management System h thng qun l li in
phn phi
(DMS)
-Electric network/gird :li in
-Electric power system: h thng in (HT)
-generation :sn sut
-transmission: truyn ti
-Distribution: phn phi
-Consumption :tiu th
-Nominal parameters :thng s nh mc
-low voltage :li h th
-medium voltage:li trung th
-high voltage:li cao th
-Element :phn t
-extra high voltage :li siu cao th
-power factor :h s cng sut
-frequency :tn s f
-consumer: h tiu th
-load :ph ti in
-unload ;b ti ,loi b ti
-pole :ct / tr in
-cross arm :
-cable line :ng dy cp
-Substation ,power station :trm bin p (TBA)
-three winding transformer: my bin p 3 cun dy
-Auto transformer :my bin p t ngu
-Recloser : my ct t ng li
-LB FCO- Load Break Fuse Cut Out :cu ch t ri kt hp vi
DCL ph ti
-FCO-Fuse Cut Out : cu ch t ri
-LA- Lightning Arrester :chng st
-LBS Load Break Switch :dao cch ly ph ti
-DS Disconnect Switch: DCL
-CB- Circuit Breaker :my ct
-On load tap changing transformer :my bin p iu p di ti
-Arc :h quang
-Arc Discharge :phng in h quang
-Arrester :chng st
-Basic Insulation Level (BIL) :Mc cch in c bn
-Breakdown :phng in chc thng
-Breakdown Voltage :in p nh thng
-Capacitor: t in
-Characteristic :c tuyn
-Corona: vng quang
Trm c s :Operation Station
Trm iu khin trung tm (Master Station):
-Thu thp d liu (Data Acquistion
-Gim st (Supervisory
-Phn b tr (Support)
-RCBO :Residual Current Circuit Breaker with Overcurrent
protection- Cu dao chng dng d ,qu ti v ngn mch
-ELCB :Cu dao pht hindng r ELCB- ( Earth Leakage
Circuit Breaker
-My tnh c nhn : PC (Personal Computer)
-Phn mm h thng (System Software)
-phn mm ng dng (Applications software)
1: Digital Multimeter ng h VOM s
2: Amp Clam ng h ampe km
3: Screw driver T Vt
4: Adjustable Wrench Ci m lt
5: Spanner C l
6: Pliers Ci km
7: Long Nose Pliers Km m nhn
8: haft saw Ca cm tay
9: Rivet Gun Dng c bn inh
10:Soldering Iron Hn ch
1: Socket Phc cm in
2: Plug cm in
3: Power Lead Dy ngun in (Bao gm c plug and Socket)
4: Control Panel Hp iu khin
5: Tool Box Hp ng dng c
6: Junction Box Hp ni dy
7: Hand Drill Khoan tay
8: Drill Bit Mi khoan
9: Battery Charger My xc bnh c qui
10 : Terminal B ni, im ni dy
1: Fluorescent light/ tube light n hunh quang
2: floodlight light n cao p
3: Aviation lightn cnh bo
4: Aircraft Warning Light n cnh bo my bay
5: Emergency Light n khn cp khi n s c
6: Navigation AID light n cnh bo hng hi
7: flashlight/ touch light n pin
8: Starter Con chut bng n hunh quang
9: Ballast B khi ng ca n (tng ph)
10: Receptacle cm in
Potential energy = th nng
Kinetic energy = ng nng
Heat energy = nhit nng
Chemical energy = ha nng
Nuclear energy = nng lng nguyn t
Fossil energy = nng lng ht nhn
Wind energy = nng lng gi
Tidal energy = nng lng thy triu
Wave energy = nng lng sng
Solar energy = nng lng mt tri
Biomass energy = nng lng sinh khi
Electric charge = in tch
conductance = in dn
conductivity = in dn sut
electric field strength = cng in trng
electromotive force = lc in ng
angular frequency= tn s gc
resonant frequency = tn s cng hng
1. Network :
Li in (bao gm : ngun, dy dn, cc nt , MBT, Ph ti)
2. Node : im nt trn li in.
3. Switches : Cc thit b ng ct ( MC, CD, FCO, LBFCO, )
4. Transformer : My bin th
5. Series Capacitor : Gin t b
6. Static Load : Ph ti (th hin cc trng thi ph ti)
7. MWH Load : ti a vo tnh ton bng sn lng in tiu
th.
8. Source : ngun ( my pht , trm trung gian, )
9. Induction Machine : ng c khng ng b
10. Synchronous Machine : ng c ng b
Cc t thng gp v khi nim H THNG IN:
1. Electric power system: h thng in (HT)
2. Electric network/grid :mng (li) in
- low voltage grid:li h th

- medium voltage grid:li trung th
- high voltage grid:li cao th
- extra high voltage grid:li siu cao th
- extremely high voltage grid: li cc cao th
3. Electricity generation: Pht in
4. Power plant: nh my in
- Thermal power plant: nh my nhit in
- Hydroelectric power plant: nh my in
- Wind power plant: nh my in gi
- Tidal power plant: nh my in thy triu
5. Electricity transmission: truyn ti in

- transmission lines: ng dy truyn ti
6. Electricity distribution: phn phi in
7. Consumption :tiu th
- consumer: h tiu th
8. Load: ph ti in
- load curve: biu ph ti
- load shedding: sa thi ph ti
- unblanced load: ph ti khng cn bng
- peak load: ph ti nh, cc i
- symmetrical load: ph ti i xng
9. Power: cng sut

- power factor : h s cng sut
- reactive power: cng sut phn khng
- apparent power: cng sut biu kin
10. Frequency : tn s
- frequency range: Di tn s
C my thut ng cho my bc dng tm y :
1. Tender Dossier = H s u thu
2. Weigh Bridge = Trm cn xe (xe g cng c nh)
3. Conduit = ng lun dy in
Hm nay bt c nhiu thui. Hm sau post nguyn bi ting Anh cho my bc tha h tm t
mi :eek:.
Tran Minh Luan
24-03-2008, 10:11
hm nay post tip my ci thut ng p kon coi chi :
Bn c bit?
FM _ Frequency Modulation : Bin iu tn s.
AC _ Alterating Current : Dng in xoay chiu.
DC _ Direct Current : Dng in mt chiu.
FCO _ Fuse Cut Out : Cu ch t ri

LBFOC _ Load Breaker Fuse Cut Out : Cu ch t ri c ct ti
CB _ Circuit Breaker : My ct.
ACB _ Air Circuit Breaker : My ct bng khng kh
MCCB _ Moduled Case Circuit Breaker : My ct khi c dng ct > 100A
MCB _ Miniature Circuit Breaker : B ngt mch loi nh
VCB _ Vacuum Circuit Breaker : My ct chn khng.
RCD _ Residual Current Device : Thit b chng dng in d.

tranthanhnghia2
25-03-2008, 20:35
DF : Distortion Factor : h s mo dng
THD : Total Harmonic Distortion : mo dng tng do sng hi
BJT: Bipolar Junction Transistor : hehe ci ny ai cng bt , khi ni nh ^ ^
MOSFET: metal-oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect transistor
trong FET : field efect transistor l transistor hiu ng trng

reference input : tn hiu vo , tn hiu chun
controlled output : tn hiu ra
SISO : single input single output : h thng 1 ng vo 1 ng ra
MIMO : multi input multi output : h thng nhu ng vo , nhu ng ra
jickepu
24-06-2008, 13:38
Air distribution system .................................: H thng iu phi kh
Ammeter .................................................. .: Ampe k
Busbar .................................................. ....: Thanh dn
Circuit Breaker ............................................: Aptomat hoc my ct
Current carrying capacity...............................: Kh nng mang ti
Dielectric insulation ......................................: in mi cch in

Distribution Board .........................................: T/bng phn phi in
Downstream circuit breaker.............................: B ngt in cui ngun
Relay .................................................. ........: R le
Sensor / Detector ...............................: Thit b cm bin, thit b d tm
Switching Panel ............................................: Bng ng ngt mch
Tubular fluorescent lamp.................................: n ng hunh quang
Upstream circuit breaker..................................: B ngt in u ngun
Voltage drop .................................................: St p
alarm bell .................................................. ....: chung bo t ng
cable .................................................. ..........:cp in

conduit .................................................. .......:ng bc
current .................................................. .......:dng in
electrical appliances .........................................: thit b in gia dng
electrical insulating material ...............................: vt liu cch in
fixture .................................................. .........:b n
jack .................................................. ............:u cm
lamp .................................................. ............:n
live wire .................................................. .......:dy nng
low voltage .................................................. ...: h th
photoelectric cell .............................................: t bo quang in
relay............................................. .................: r-le
wire .................................................. ............:dy in
Capacitor .................................................. .....: T in

Copper equipotential bonding bar ...................: Tm ni ng th bng ng
Disruptive discharge .......................................: S phng in nh thng
Lifting lug .................................................. ....: Vu cu
Overhead Concealed Loser ...............................: Tay nm thu lc
Selector switch ..............................................: Cng tc chuyn mch

:khi506:
c Nhc
24-06-2008, 21:26

3p crcuit breaker: hng phi l my ct 3 pha u nha. N l my ct 3 cc. 3p = 3 poles.
R le Mho: R le tng dn. Ngc li vi r le tng tr, thng dng bo v mt kch thch
cho my pht. Mho l vit ngc ca... Ohm (hi hi, phi hng ta?)
Bushing: s xuyn.
Autotransformer: hng phi bin p t ng, m l bin p t ngu.
Varac: t ngn gn ca variable autotransformer: bin p t ngu iu chnh c bng cch
xoay.
PT: Potention transformer: my bin p o lng. Cng dng VT: voltage transformer.
Cell: Trong c quy th n l 1 hc (2.2 V) Trong quang in th n l t bo quang in. Cn cell
phone l...
Reactor: trong h thng in th n l cun cm. Trong l phn ng ht nhn th n l b phn
khng ch tc phn ng.
Field: trong l thuyt th n l trng. (nh in trng, t trng...). Trong my in n l cun
dy kch thch. Trong trit hc n l lnh vc. thng thng, n l.. cnh ng.
Coupling: trong in t n l phng php ni tng. Nhng trong c in, n li l khp ni,
dng kt ni gia ng c v ti (bm chng hn).
Orifice: l tit lu.
Cc anh ch cn thy t no ng ng, post ln thm i.

nguyenlongdp
07-07-2008, 19:22
Ammeter : Ampe k
Busbar : Thanh dn




Relay : R le

Voltage drop : St p
__________________
nguyenlongdp
07-07-2008, 19:22

cable :cp in
conduit :ng bc
current :dng in

fixture :b n
jack :u cm
lamp :n
live wire :dy nng
low voltage : h th
relay : r-le

wire :dy in
__________________
nguyenlongdp
07-07-2008, 19:22
Capacitor : T in

Lifting lug : Vu cu



__________________
nguyenlongdp
07-07-2008, 19:23
Circuit Breaker : Cu dao in
Aptomat hoc my ct
Compact fluorescent lamp:

n hunh quang
Current carrying capacity: Kh nng ti dng

Kh nng mang ti
Earth conductor : Dy dn t
Dy ni t

Chy chm (nhm phn bit vi chng chy)
power2
09-07-2008, 17:18
Hi ny cc bn i ai c nhiu thut ng chuyn ngnh lin quan n nh my thy in v trm
bin p khng Post ln cho mi ngi cng xem ha.
c Nhc
13-07-2008, 23:23
Hi ny cc bn i ai c nhiu thut ng chuyn ngnh lin quan n nh my thy in v trm
bin p khng Post ln cho mi ngi cng xem ha.Trm bin p n: (hi hi, my ci ny ai cng
bit "gi")

Bushing: s xuyn.
Voltage transformer (VT) Potention transformer (PT): my bin p o lng.
Directional time overcurrent relay: R le qu dng nh hng c thi gian.
Negative sequence time overcurrent relay: R le qa dng th t nghch c thi gian.
Voltmetter, ampmetter, wattmetter, PF metter... cc dng c o lng V, A, W, cos phi...
c Nhc
30-07-2008, 23:10
V ... nh my in:

Winding: dy qun.
Connector: dy ni.
Lead: dy o ca ng h.
Wire: dy dn in.
Active power: cng sut hu cng, cng sut tc dng, cng sut o.
Reactive power: Cng sut phn khng, cng sut v cng, cng sut o.
Governor: b iu tc.
Armature: phn cm.
Hydrolic: thy lc.
Brush: chi than.
Tachometer: tc k
Coupling: khp ni
Burner: vi t.
Motor operated control valve: Van iu chnh bng ng c in.
kohamcie
12-01-2009, 21:32
2 Philosophy Trit l
3 Linear Tuyn tnh
4 Ideal L tng
11 Concept Khi nim
14 Load Ti
16 Input Ng vo
17 Output Ng ra
26 Cascade Ni tng
28 Specific C th
29 Magnitude ln
30 Phase Pha
31 Model M hnh
34 Resistance in tr
36 Response p ng
43 Negative m
44 Feedback Hi tip
46 Inverting o (du)
49 Summer B/mch cng
57 Analysis Phn tch
62 Loaded C mang ti
63 Half-wave Na sng
67 Ripple nhp nh
72 Bipolar Lng cc
80 Emitter Cc pht
84 Saturation Bo ha
85 Secondary Th cp
86 Effect Hiu ng
87 n-Channel Knh N
91 Boundary Bin
98 Gate Cng
99 Protection Bo v
101 Diagram S
106 Fixed C nh
110 Discrete Ri rc
133 Bypass Ni tt
135 Hybrid Lai
145 Instrumentation amplifier B/mch khuch i dng c (trong o lng)
147 Noise Nhiu
153 Term Thut ng
160 Adding Thm vo
163 Quantity i lng
165 Data D liu
175 Static Tnh
176 Dynamic ng
181 Pull-up Ko ln
182 Drawback Nhc im
186 Node Nt
187 Mesh Li
190 Sensor Cm bin
191 Loudspeaker Loa
192 Microwave Vi ba
193 Oven L
199 Voltmeter Vn k
200 Ammeter Ampe k
201 Scale Thang o
203 Product Tch
205 Level Mc
208 Phasor Vect
210 Common-Mode Rejection Ratio T s kh (tn hiu) cch chung
213 Fraction Mt phn
216 Avalanche Thc l
222 Topology S
224 w.r.t So vi
225 Threshold Ngng
230 Numerator T s
233 Leakage R (r)
mcufoer
13-04-2009, 22:25
Very useful. I love in stock lace wigs (http://www.foxnamed.com/lace-wigs-in-stock-lace-wigs-
c-2_3.html) & cheap lace wigs (http://www.foxnamed.com/lace-wigs-c-2.html) & custom lace
wigs (http://www.foxnamed.com/lace-wigs-custom-lace-wigs-c-2_4.html).
tuannd
26-05-2009, 21:39
c ai bit tr li gip my t ny ci nh
1. disconnection lockout
2. anti-pumping
ton t chuyn nghanh in c, nu gii thch c c th, chi tit th tt qu. thank!
c Nhc
26-05-2009, 22:41
Disconnection lockout: kha v tr ct,
anti-pumping: chng ng dp, chng ng gi gi.

quochungktb
13-06-2009, 15:38
Anh vn chuyn ngnh
Link download ne
http://www.data.webdien.com/free/download.php?file=9a207125060f62b8a13eb115867743fd
quochungktb
30-12-2009, 22:15
in p danh nh ca h thng in.............Nominal voltage of a system)
in p cao nht (hoc thp nht) ca h thng (Highest (lowest) voltage of a system)
n nh tnh ca h thng in (Steady state stability of a power system)
n nh qu (n nh ng) ca h thng in (Transient stability of a power system)
n nh c iu kin ca h thng in (Conditional stability of a power system)
Vn hnh ng b h thng in (Synchronous operation of a system)
Trung tm iu h thng in Quc gia (National load dispatch center)
H thng SCADA (Supervisory control and data acquisition system)
D bo qun l h thng in (Management forecast of a system)
Khong trng cch in ti thiu (Minimum insulation clearance)
Khi ng lnh t my nhit in (Cold start-up thermal generating set)
Khi ng nng t my nhit in (Hot start-up thermal generating set)
Cng sut sn sng ca mt t my (hoc mt nh my in) (Available capacity of a it (of a
power station)
Cng sut d phng ca mt h thng in (Reserve power of a system)
D phng ngui (Cold reserve) I.1.79. D phng s c (Outage reserve)
Ch xc lp ca h thng in (Steady state of a power system)
Ch qu ca h thng in (Transient state of a power system)
Trng thi cn bng ca li in nhiu pha (Balanced state of a polyphase network)
Trng thi khng cn bng ca mt li in nhiu pha (Unbalanced state of a polyphase
network)
S cn bng ca li phn phi (Balancing of a distribution network)
S phc hi ti (Load recovery)
p trn: overfall
phuckhoadien123
25-03-2010, 10:38
AVE Attached Vertical edger my p theo chiu dc(my cn ng)
AGC Automatic Gauge Control iu khin khe h l hnh t ng
AJC Automatic Jump Control B iu chnh va p t ng
APC Automatic Position Control B iu chnh v tr t ng
APFC Automatic Profile & Flatness Control T ng iu khin bin dng v phng
ASC Automatic Shaper Control T ng iu khin hnh dng
ASR Automatic Speed Regulator B iu chnh tc t ng
AVR Automatic Voltage Regurator B iu chnh in th t ng
AWC Automatic Width Control iu khin chiu rng t ng
CB Circuit-Breaker Bo v mch in (ATM)
CB Coil Box Hp cun
CC Coiler Control iu khin hp cun
CSU Coiler Setup ci t hp cun
CTC Coilling Temperature Control iu khin nhit cun
CNP Numberical Profile
CP Communication process Phng php truyn thng
RSMS Communication With Roll Shop Truyn thng vi xng cn
CP communications processor phng php tryn thng
CNC Computerzed numberic control My iu khin s
CVC Continuous Varible Crown (mt dich)
CVC continuously Variable Crown bin i lin tc li cu trc cn theo chiu dc trc
CP Crop Profile Gauge o bin dng
CS Crop Shear My ct u mt
CPG Cutting Profile Gauge my o bin dng ct
CRC cyclic Redundacy Check (mt dich)
DAMA Data Manager Qun l c s d liu
DTS Detail Technical specification Ghi r b phn k thut t bit
DS Drive side Pha dn ng
DS Drive Side Pha dn ng
DB Dynamic Brake phanh ng
DCC Dynamic Crown Control iu khin chuyn ng li lm
DPC Dynamic Profile Control iu khin bin dng ng
ENDEC Encorder/decorder b m ho va gii m
EWSR Extended Width Schedule Rolling (mt dich)
FBK -DCC Feed Back Crown Control tn hiu phn hi iu khin li lm
FTP File Transfer Protocol giao thc vn chuyn tp tin
FTC Finishing Delivery Temperature Control iu khin cung cp nhit cho gi cn tinh
FSU Finishing Mill Setup ci t cho gi cn tinh
PF Fixed Type Pyrometer
FL Flatness meter my o mt phng
MB Floor mounting magnetic brake thng t
FSK Frequency Shift Keying cht chuyn i tn s
FV Full Voltage y p(100% in p)
FC Function Configuration Cu hnh chc nng
GCT Gate Commutate Turn-off Thyristor iu khin ngt Thyristor
GM Gear Motor Hp s Motor
HDLC High level Data-link Control iu khin d liu lin kt mc cao
HMI Human Machine Interface Giao din ngi my
HGC Hydraulic Gap Control iu kin thu lc ca l hnh trc cn
HSB Hydraulic Scale Breaker My ty gi thu lc
LS Laser Speed Meter ng h o tc laser
LC Load cell Cm bin ti trng
IC Looper Control Vng lp iu khin
MTR Material Tracking System h thng hiu chnh vt liu
M & C Motor and Component Motor v cc b phn
MPC Motor Circuit Protector Mch bo v Motor
MCC Motor control Center Trung tm iu khin motor
MG Multi Gauge My o c chuyn i
MPI Multi Point Interface giao din thay i dnh im
OS Operation Station Trm iu khin
PDI Primary Data Input D liu u vo c bn
PA Process Automation Phng php t ng ho
PCS Process Control Station Phng php thong qua tram iu khin
PFSU Profile and Platness Setup Ci t gi tr mt phng v nghing
FCE Reheating Furnace gia nhit cho l
RTD Resistance Temprature Detector
R Reversing S o chiu
RAC Roll Alignment Control diu khin chnh tm trc
RF-ASC Roll Force ASC lc cn ASC
RF-RAWC Roll Force RAWC Lc cn RAWC
RF Rolling Force Lc cn
RAWC Roughing Automatic Width Control T ng iu iu chnh b rng ca trc cn
RSU Roughing Mill Setup Ci t cho my cn th
RM Roughling mill My cn th
PS Scanning Type Pyrometer My quet kiu nhit k bc x nhit
SSC Short Stroke Control iu khin hnh trnh ngn
SB Sigle solenoid valve Brake van t
SC Speed Control iu khin tc
SCC Supervisory Control Computer Giam st iu khin bng my tnh
SMY Synchronus Motor (motor ng b)
TTC Tail end Tension Control iu khin sc cng u cui
TG Tension Measuring System H thng o sc cng
TG Thickness Gauge Meter My o b dy tm thp
TC Thickness Monitor Control gim st v iu khin b dy tm thp
TFT Thin-Film Transistor Transitor mng mng
TSS Timer Sharing System h thng phn chia thi gian
TR Transistor Converter Transitor chuyn i
VV Varible Voltage bin i in p
VVVF Varible Voltage Varible Frequency bin i in p v bin i tn s
VEM Vertical Edger Mill My p theo chiu dc
W Width Gauge My o chiu rng
WR Work Roll Trc lm vic
WRB Work Roll Bending System h thng un trc lm vic
WRS Work Roll Shifting X dch trc lm vic
ISC Inter - Stand Cooling
ROT Run Out Table
SG Side Guide
HMD Hot Metal Detector
RDW Width Gauge at RM Delivery
RDT Pyrometer at RM Delivery
FET Pyrometer at FM Entry
FLT Flatness Meter at FM Delivery
FDT Pyrometer at FM Delivery
MG Multi Function Gage
CT Pyrometer at Coiler Entry
L1 Level - 1 Controller
L2 Level - 2 Computer
ACC Automatic Combustion Control
MPC Mill Pacing Control
phuckhoadien123
25-03-2010, 10:39
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT REFERENCE CARD
A English Vietnamese Chinese

Absorber Bnh hp th
Actuator C cu truyn ng, b dn ng
Adapter B chnh lu, b iu hp
Amplifier B khuch i
Analyser B phn tch
Annunciator B ch bo, my bo hiu
Anode anot, cc dng
Anode plate Bng cc dng
Antenna ng ten
Arc chute Bung dp h quang
Arcing part Phn to h quang
Armature Ct thp, phn cng
Arrester B chng st
Attenuator B tiu gim
Auto. Parralleling device
Arc quencher Thit b dp tt h quang
B
Ballast in tr m
Barrier Lp chn
Battery cqui
Bearing in
Bell Chung
Bimetal Lng kim
Blade Li dao
Bolt Bulong
Booster B khuch i
Brace Ci khoan tay
Bracket Ci b, ci gi
Brake B hm
Breaker B ngt in
Brush Bn chi
Bulb Bng n
Bus bar Cn ni mch, dy dn s mch
Bushing ng lng, ng bc
Buzzer My rung m
CC
Cable Cp neo, dy
Cable grip Mng cp
Cable hanger Gi treo cp
Cable head u cp
Cable rack B cp
Cable tray Gi treo cp
Capacitor (condenser) T in
Case V
Chamber Bung, khoang
Charger B np
Chart Biu
Choke B phn nghn hi, qut gi
Chopper B i in
Clamp B kp
Coil Cun dy, cun cm
Collector B phn thu gom
Collector ring Chung thu
Collector shoe Vnh gp in
DD
Damper B gim chn
Demodulator B gii iu, b tch sng
Detector B cm bin, b chnh lu
Dial La bn
Differential unit n v sai s
Diode n hai cc
Directional unit n v nh hng
Disc Bn, a
Divider B chia
Doubler B nhn i
Driver B x l, b dn ng
Dynamo Bnh pht in
EE
Electrode rod Que in cc
Eliminator B kh
Equalizer B hiu chnh
Exciter B kch ng
Extinguisher Binh cha chy
Electro-magnetic clutch B tip hp in t
FF
Fan Qut
Feeder Cp tip sng
Filter B lc
Fitting B phn ni, b lp rp
Flicker My hiu ng
Frame B khung
Fuse B bo v, dy ngt mch
Flasher B n nhp nhy
GG
Galvanometer in k
Gasket Lp m
Gate Cng
Gauge ng h
Gear Bnh rng, b dn ng
Grid Li in
Ground rod Cc tip t
HH
Handle Cn iu khin
Hand set B sp ch th cng
Harmonic restraint unit B cng bc iu ho
Head set My nghe
Heater B gia nhit
Holder Gi , dng c gi
Hook Bn l ca
Horn Ci bo hiu
Hose Mijng ng
II
Indicator Thit b ch bo
Inductor B cm ng
Insert Lp vo, ci vo
Insulation oil Du cch in
Insulator Lp cch in
Integrated circuit board (I.C. board)
Interlock Kho lin ng
Interrupter Thit b ng mch
Inverter B i in
JJ
Jack cm in, b
Joint Bn l, b ni
KK
Key Kho
Knob Nt bm
LL
Lamp Bng n ch bo
Len S ni mng u vo
Lever Cn, n by
Light n ch bo
Limiter B gii hn
Link Bn l, cu ni
Lubricating oil Du bi trn
Lug Gi treo, cht
MM
Magmet
Meter n v mt
Microphone My vi m
Mixer B pha trn
Modulator B iu bin
Monitor B iu chnh
Motor ng c
Multiplier B nhn
NN
Needle Kim
Net Mng li
Nut Li
Nozzle Ming ng pht
OO
Oscillator B giao ng
Outlet L cm in
Overload device Rle qu ti
PP
Phase shifter B dch pha
Photometer Quang k, my trc quang
Pipe ng
Pick up My thu m thanh, th chuyn
Plate Bn
Plug B ghp, b ni
Pointer Kim ch th, im chun
Pole in cc, im cc
Preamplifier B tin khuych i
Printed circuit board (P.C. Board) Bn mch in
Pulser B to xung
Pump Bm
Push botton Nt iu khin
Projector My chiu
CC
Commutator B o chiu
Compensator in k th, b b
Conduit ng dn, ng dn
Connector B ghp, b ni
Contact Tip im in
Contactor B ng ngt
Contact tip mt tip im
Controller B iu khin
Converter B bin i
Cooling fin B tn nhit
Cord Dy, ng dn mm
Core Li
Cover V
Counter B m
Coupler B ghp
Coupling B ghp, b ni
Crystal Bn dn
Cylinder Ct, hnh tr
RR
Radiator B bc x, b tn nhit
Radio V tuyn in
Reactor B in khng
Receiver B nhn
Receptacle cm in
Recorder B ghi, my ghi m
Rectifier B chnh lu
Reflector B phan x, y ngc, n phn chiu
Register B m, b ghi
Regulator B iu chnh
Relay Rle
Resistor in tr
Rheostat B bin tr
Ringer Chung
Rod Cn
Rotor Ro t
Read-write memory B nh c ghi
Read-only memory B nh ch c
SS
Selector B d, b chn, B chuyn mch
Servo-mechanism B dn ng Secvo
Servo-motor Mtor Secvo
Shaft Trc truyn ng
Shielding B bc chn
Shunt Mch Shunt
Siren Ci bo
Socket cm
Solenoid Cun dy rut g
Spacer Ming m
Speaker Ci loa
Spring L xo
Stabilizer B n p
Starter B khi ng
Stator Phn tnh
Support B h tr
Surge protector B chng sc in
Switch B chuyn, b ct mch
TT
Tacho-meter ng h tc
Tacho generator My pht tc
Tap
Tap changer B iu khin in p
Target Ch im, cc cm
Terminal Ci kp
Terminal block Bn u dy
Terminal mark t mc u dy
Testing unit Thit b kim tra
Thermistor Nhit in tr
Thermocouple B nhit in
Thyristor
Time dial
Timer B nh thi
Transducer B cm bin
Transformer My bin p
Transistor in tr
Translator B dch
UU
Unit
VV
Varister Bin tr
Valve Van
Vibrator B rung, dao ng
WW
Washer Long n
Wedge Ci cht kho
Winding Cun dy
Wire Dy in
SS
Switchbox Hp ngt in
Synchroscope ng h k
Synchronizing basic unit B ng b ho c bn
Squelch unit Thit b gim n
Sink
YY
Yoke Mc ch U
TT
Transmitter My pht, my pht v tuyn
Trigger B khi ng
Trip unit Thit b an ton
Trolley wire My dy hi chuyn
Tube n ng, n in t
Tuner B cng hng
Totalizer B m
quocthai
25-03-2010, 13:09
Ballast in tr m
Bearing in
Booster B khuch i
Bus bar Cn ni mch, dy dn s mch
Bushing ng lng, ng bc
Buzzer My rung m
Chopper B i in
Collector B phn thu gom
Collector ring Chung thu
Collector shoe Vnh gp in
Dial La bn
Differential unit n v sai s
Driver B x l, b dn ng
Exciter B kch ng
Electro-magnetic clutch B tip hp in t
Flicker My hiu ng
Fuse B bo v, dy ngt mch
Hand set B sp ch th cng
Harmonic restraint unit B cng bc iu ho
Joint Bn l, b ni
Link Bn l, cu ni
Meter n v mt
Monitor B iu chnh
Pick up My thu m thanh, th chuyn
Push botton Nt iu khin
Compensator in k th, b b
Coupling B ghp, b ni
Crystal Bn dn
Solenoid Cun dy rut g
Support B h tr
Tap
Tap changer B iu khin in p
Time dial
Timer B nh thi
Transducer B cm bin
Switchbox Hp ngt in
Synchroscope ng h k
Sink
Yoke Mc ch U
Trigger B khi ng
Trip unit Thit b an ton
Trolley wire My dy hi chuyn
Ballast Chn lu n hunh quang
Bearing trc
Booster B khuch i tng cng
Bus bar Thanh dn thanh ci
Bushing S xuyn
Buzzer Ci con ve
Chopper B bm xung
Collector Cc thu (trong transistor) C gp (trong my in mt chiu
Collector ring Vnh nhn in
Dial Da chia
Differential unit n v so lch
Exciter My kch thch
Fuse Cu ch
Hand set Thit b cm tay
Harmonic restraint unit n v hm ha tn (trong r le so lch)
Meter Thit b o lng
Monitor Thit b kim tra
Pick up u thu tn hiu
Push botton Nt bm
Compensator b b
Coupling B ghp, b ni, khp ni
Crystal Tinh th
Solenoid Cun dy in t
Support Gi
Tap Nc iu chnh
Tap changer B i nc bin p
Time dial Da chia thi gian
Synchroscope ng b k
Sink Thit b thu nhn dng
Yoke Cun dy li tia (trong TV)
Trigger B chuyn mch
Trip unit Thit b ngng my
baohuy_pla
25-03-2010, 15:05

Absorber Bnh hp th
Actuator C cu truyn ng, b dn ng
Adapter B chnh lu, b iu hp
Amplifier B khuch i
Analyser B phn tch
Annunciator B ch bo, my bo hiu
Anode anot, cc dng
Anode plate Bng cc dng
Antenna ng ten
Arc chute Bung dp h quang
Arcing part Phn to h quang
Armature Ct thp, phn cng
Arrester B chng st
Attenuator B tiu gim
Auto. Parralleling device
Arc quencher Thit b dp tt h quang
Bc Quocthai dn vn t vn B, em dn nt 2 t cn st vn A:
Actuator: C cu chp hnh (thng dng hn ngha "dn ng" - mc d c trong t in).
Armature: Phn ng (ca my in)
Ch bit anh ny copy t t in no ra m sai nhiu th. :khi506:

votrungtruc1988
01-04-2010, 11:14
Cng sut tiu th tht Real power (P) n v Watt (W)
Cng sut phn khng Reactive power (Q) n v volt-ampere reactive (var)
Cng sut biu kin Apparent Power (S) n v Volt-Ampere (VA)
obama
09-04-2010, 21:42
Mt s t vit tt thng s dng :
OC : (Over Current), ch cc loi relay c chc nng bo v qu dng

UC : (Under Current), ch cc loi relay c chc nng bo v thiu dng in
EF : (Earth Fault), ch cc loi relay c chc nng bo v chm t
EL : (Earth Leakage), ch cc loi relay c chc nng bo v dng r (dng ZCT)
PL : (Phase Loss, Phase Failure), ch cc loi relay c chc nng bo v mt pha
PR : (Phase Reversal, Phase Sequence), ch cc loi relay c chc nng bo v th t pha (o
pha)
OV : (Over Voltage), ch cc loi relay c chc nng bo v qu in p
UV : (Under Voltage), ch cc loi relay c chc nng bo v thiu in p (thp p)
UBV : (UnBalance Voltage) ch cc relay c chc nng bo v mt cn bng p
UBC : (UnBalance Current) ch cc relay c chc nng bo v mt cn bng dng in
OF : (Over Frequency) ch cc relay c chc nng bo v qu tn s
UF : (Under Frequency) ch cc relay c chc nng bo v thiu tn s
OSC : (OSCilloscope) My hin sng, dao ng k
FG : (Function Generator) My pht sng
PWS : (Power Supply) b ngun, ngun cung cp
DC : (Direct Current) dng in mt chiu
AC : (Alternating Current) dng in xoay chiu
trung-mba
22-04-2010, 11:24
c ai bit k hiu n bo ca ch 'etc' trong relay trung th co ngha l g khng vy ?
AK47
18-06-2010, 08:37
mt s t TA in lnh n bn
aaaaathinkffffthinkffff
Bearing housing Cm bi
Compressor My nn
Cross-Flow Fan Cnh qut dn lnh
Drain hose Cm ng x nc
Evaporator Dn lnh ,dn bay hi
Fan Motor Moto quat
Grille Khung gin lnh
Grille ass'y Cm khung dn lnh
Mounting plate Gi ngoi m t
Ornamental plate Np trang tr
PCB circuit board Mch u khin
Remote control swith iu chnh nhit iu chnh t xa
Step motor M t xung
Thermistor Cm bin nhit
tthinkffff
AK47
22-06-2010, 09:54
mt vi t trong ngnh nghe cc bn
ELR Earthing Leakage Relay
ELCB Earthing Leakage Circuit Breaker
~AC Alternative Curent

in p xoay chiu
--- DC Direct Current

mt chiu
Altivar bin tn
LER Local Equipment Room
MCC Motor Control Centre
MV Medium Voltage (in p trung th )
LV Low Voltage (in p h th )

EIR Electrical & Instrument Equipment Room
PMCS Process Monitoring Control System
HVAC Heating, Ventilation, Air- Conditioning

(h thng iu ha khng kh )
IP Ingress Protection ( Institute of petroleum)
MV Swichgear: Medium- Voltage Switchgear

(bng /t chuyn i in p trung th )
LV switchboard Low Voltage Switchboard

(t in h th)
hanhtdh
02-07-2010, 08:48
in p nh mc------> Rated Voltage
ng sut ch qu in p dy dn------> Wind Thunderstorm Stress
ng sut ln nht dy dn------> Wind Max. Stress
ng sut trung bnh dy dn------> Wind averrage Stress
Tit din dy dn------> Cross Section
Trng lng n v dy dn------> Nominal weight per meter of wire
Ap lc gi ch qu in p ln dy dn------> Thun. Wind presseure per meter of wire
Ap lc gi ln nht ln dy dn------> Max. Wind presseure per meter of wire
Ap lc gi ln nht ln chui s------> Wind presseure of Insulator assembly
Khong ct gi = khong ct trng lng------> Span length
Gc li------> Horizontal angle of line
Gc nghing dy ti chui ------> Elevation ratio of adjacent tower
Trng lng chui cch in ------> Weight of in. suspension string
Chiu di chui s------> Insulator string length
jun2502
06-08-2010, 10:08
mt vi t trong ngnh nghe cc bn
ELR Earthing Leakage Relay
ELCB Earthing Leakage Circuit Breaker
~AC Alternative Curent

in p xoay chiu
--- DC Direct Current

mt chiu
Altivar bin tn
LER Local Equipment Room
MCC Motor Control Centre
MV Medium Voltage (in p trung th )
LV Low Voltage (in p h th )

EIR Electrical & Instrument Equipment Room
Phng thit b in v o lng.
PMCS Process Monitoring Control System
H thng iu khin gim st qu trnh
HVAC Heating, Ventilation, Air- Conditioning

(h thng iu ha khng kh )
IP Ingress Protection ( Institute of petroleum)

Vin du kh
MV Swichgear: Medium- Voltage Switchgear

(bng /t chuyn i in p trung th )
LV switchboard Low Voltage Switchboard

(t in h th)
b sung thm vi ci mnh bit :khi506:

dd93
06-08-2010, 10:32
Biased differential protection : bo v so lch.
Restricted earth fault protection (REF): bo v gii hn s c t.
Slope: ng dc.
Dual: i, cp.
Disturbance: s nhiu lon.
Implementation: s b sung.
Sustained: duy tr.
Individual transformer windings: cc cun dy MBT ring bit.
Stability: xc lp.
Phase shift: lch pha.
Clearance: gii tr.
Impedance: tr khng.
The winding involved: cun dy lin quan.
Sensitivity: nhy.
Governed: nh hng.
Proportional: t l.
Reactance: in khng.
botigol
06-08-2010, 15:26
lam chi cho kh vyl ln google ma dch
hoanthuc
13-10-2010, 16:04
hotline ngha l g?
bangtown
22-11-2010, 09:37
Trong nh my thy in th: Limit line of auxiliary hook, limit line of main hook l g?
Nhn tin cho mnh xin t ti liu, mu nghim thu ng dy 110KV nha.
Cm n cc trc.
bangtown
14-01-2011, 08:28
C ai khng ch gip my t trn vi.
Mnh ang ch, cm n nh:th_yoyo1:
chinh_akay
14-01-2011, 09:45
Trong nh my thy in th: Limit line of auxiliary hook, limit line of main hook l g?
Nhn tin cho mnh xin t ti liu, mu nghim thu ng dy 110KV nha.
Cm n cc trc.
ng gii hn ca mc chnh, mc ph j .
http://www.data.webdien.com/photo/up/6ce9a4cec0e3432550ae0a34ea130cde.gif
Bn ang ni v vn j trong nh my thy in? Phi ni r th mi ng mi gip c ch
bangtown
15-01-2011, 20:29
y l bn v:
http://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/static.panoramio.com/photos/original/46571114.jpg:k
hi505:
Mnh mun hi phn ng khung mu .
hungmk86
23-01-2011, 20:43
cho cc bn.Ti c mt nhm bn ch nht no cng gp nhau ni chuyn bng ting anh.
Nu cc bn mun ci thin k nng ting anh th lin h ti.
S in thoi ca ti: 01293459881
kissyou
17-02-2011, 20:38
lam chi cho kh vyl ln google ma dch
Google dch anh vn phm thng thng cn sai nhiu hung chi l " chuyn ngnh" c nhiu t
trng cho chuyn ngnh m :)
vuongnb88
05-04-2011, 16:49
base [beiz] : cc, gc
battery pin, c quy
cathode : ca tt
charger : tb xc / np in
collector : cc gp
pole : cc
yoke : ci kp cc
ray/beam : tia
loss : tht thot
electrolytic : in phn
truongpro93
09-04-2011, 14:54
din n t ngoi quan tm nh
dinhphuong
22-04-2011, 17:24
A. :khi506:
area __ din tch
aqual __ bng
assemble __ ch to
across __ qua, c np qua
air __ khng kh
act= behave __ hot ng
apply( applied to) __ np vo
antena __ ng ten
alloy __ hp kim
absolute zero __ khng tuyt i
a number of __nhiu
above __ trn
almost __ gn nh, hu nh
advantage __ u im
account __tnh ton
alternate __thay i
alternating current( AC) : dng in xoay chiu
amplitude __bin , rng
audio __m thanh
amplify __khuych i
amplifier __b phn khuych i m li
actual __thc t
action __hnh ng, hot ng
any... __bt c...
armature __phn ng in
a set of __1 b
alter __thay i
acricel __ng ten cho
according to __theo, ty theo
ammeter __ampe k
amplitude modulated carrier wave ( AM carrier wave ) : sng mang bin in bin
audio frequency wave ( AF wave ) : sng mang tn s m thanh
CN NA
B:
bottom__pha trc,y
by__vi
basic__c bn
brush__chi
battery__ngun,pin
buld__bng n
body__vt dn
base__baz
boit__si
BUT= brifishthamal unit__n v o nhit ca Anh
block__khi , hnh khi
beprone__c khuynh hng
braid__di, vin
beam__chm, tia
brush gear__b chi
bearing__m
beheld in contact with__ni vi...
be wound on __qun ln
be wounted on_ gn ln
breakdown voltage__in p nh thng
brekdown region__phn vng
beyond__xa hn
belst__dy cu roa
:khi506:
C.
complex__ phc tp
circle__hnh trn
cube__lp phng, hnh lp phng
circumfrence__chu vi
calculate__tnh ton
cylinders__hnh tr
components__b phn
chains__xch
corner__gc
cone__hnh nn
curved line__ng cong
circuit__mch in
current__dng in
cal__cun dy
connect__ni
comparatively hight__cao nht
cacbon__cc bon
copper__ng
consummer__ngi tiu th
cable__cp, dy cp
control__iu khin
convert=change__i chuyn i
conduct__dn
comprise=consist of__bao gm
cell__pin
corrosive__n mn
conventional__thng thng
commutator__b chuyn mch
current carrying conductor"__vt dn mang in
crystals__tinh th
condensor__b t hi
characteristics__c im, c tnh
constant__kgoong i
Lion_Kim
22-04-2011, 18:52
Mnh c mt cht ng gp cho din n. Cm n cc bn quan tm!
English For Electrical Engeneering
Ngy th nht
Electricity (n): Cc ngun sinh in

Renewable (adj): Ti sinh
Nuclear (n): Nguyn t
Hydro power (n): Thy in
Thermal power (n): Nhit in
Cable (n): Cp
Alternating curent (n) Dng xoay chiu
Conductor (n): Vt dn, thanh dn
Alternator (n): My pht in xoay chiu
Fossil (adj) : Ha thch
Fossil fuel (n): Nng lng ha thch
Boiler (n): bung t
Steam (n): Hi
Condenser (n): Bnh ngng
Fly ash (n): B phn lc bi
Exhaust stack (n): ng (thi) khi
Reference (n): Ti liu tham kho
Reverse (adj): Ngc
Hand crank (n): Quay tay
Slipring (n): Vnh trt
Storage (n): H cha
Terminology (n): Thut ng
Statationary (adj): ng yn
Permanent magnet (n): Nam chm vnh cu
Electro magnet (n): Nam chm in
Field winding (n): Cun kch t
Laminated steel core (n): L thp
Seal (n): Ci chn, lm kn.
Ngy th 2
Coupling (n): Ci ni, kt ni

Field circuit (n): Mch kch t
Positive (adj): Dng
Negative (adj): m
Pole (n): Cc
Polarity (adj): Cc tnh
Coil (n): Cun dy
Self- excited (adj): T kch t
Excitor (n): B kch t
Black start (n): Gi li
Non-salent pole (n): Cc n
Delta configuration (n): Ni hnh tam gic
Wye configuration (n): Ni hnh sao
Lead (n): Dy dn
Neutral (adj): im trung tnh
External system connection (n): H thng ni ra ngoi
Join (v): Ni
Potential (n): Th nng
PT- Potential transformer (n): My bin in p
Stepup Voltage (v): Nng in p
Step down Voltage (v): Gim in p
String (n): Chui
Insulator string (n): Chui s
Oil tank (n): Thng du chnh
Cooling system (n): H thng lm mt
Ventilation system (n): H thng tun hon
Partial discharge (v): Phng in cc b
topic ny c bn ch vit bi vo
dinhphuong
08-05-2011, 01:32
D.
diameter__ng knh
divede__chia
dimensions__kch thc
distribution subtation__trm phn phi
degre__
degre of illumination__ sng
domestic__trong, ni a
damage__h hng
device=instrument=equipment__thit b
decrease=fall__gim xung
diagram__s
dry__kh
drive shaft__iu khin, bnh li
detector__b phn tch sng
distance__khong cch
desire__mong c, mong mun
diaphragm__mng ngn
diviation__s khc bit
directly__trc tip ( indirectly__gin tip)
DC motor= direct curent motor__ng c in 1 chiu
digital system__h thng s
data__d liu
dielectric material__cht in mi
duct__ng
dimension__kch thc
determine__quyt nh
due to__do, v
during this process__trong sut
dadding=cover=sheath__bc
direction__hng
direct current (dc) __dng 1 chiu
destroyed__ph hy
detector__my d
describing compnent values__m t cc gi tr
E.
electric__in, thuc v in
energy=power__nng lng
longvip
08-05-2011, 08:50
hay qu,thm nhiu t na bn nh
dinhphuong
08-05-2011, 11:24
bn no xem bi cho mnh xin kin vit tip nh
__xin cm n__
+++---o0o---+++
:yoyo92:
jun2502
09-05-2011, 10:05
My ci ny dch tng t th ok, nhng khi dch ti liu th c ~ t chng bit n l ngha g.
Thanks v bn c lng
ho quoc thanh
11-05-2011, 18:40
thank bc nh
bn l dn pro
Tulap
24-05-2011, 09:49
Cho anh em ,mnh lp ch ny hy vng c th gip anh em mi ngy tham kho thm c
t vng ting anh ( theo tng h thng)
Anh em cho kin nha.
+++---o0o---+++
A. Water supply system : H thng cp nc
WSP : water supply pipe : ng cp nc

Booster pump : bm tng p
GI : galvanized : st trng km
PPR : Polypropylene Random : ng nha chu p cao
Fittings : co,li,y,tee... ph kin lp ng
Pressure tank : bnh iu p
sink : chu ra
faucet : vi nc
BOP : bottom of pipe : cao y ng
GL : ground level : cao c
FL : Floor level : cao sn hon thin
Valve : van (gate,butterfly,float valve...)
Pump room : phng bm
WS control panel : t in iu khin bm
Water tank : b nc
Main pipe : ng chnh
Branch pipe : ng nhnh
Water meter : ng h nc
Y-Strainer : Lc Y
Flexible pipe : ng mm
Pressure switch : cng tc p sut
Pressure gauge : ng h o p sut
+++---o0o---+++
B. Waste water system :
WWP Waste water pipe : ng thi

FD : Floor drain : thot sn
CO : Clean out : Thng nght
WC Water closet : Bn cu
Uniral : bn tiu
Lavatory : lavabo
Manhole : h nc thi trung gian
Septictank : hm t hoi
Waste water treatment tank : B x l nc thi
Sumpit : H bm nc thi trung gian
Submersible pump : My bm chm
Overflow : x trn
Sleeve : ng ch
Vent pipe : ng thng hi
Ventcap : Np chp ng vent gn trn tng
Slope : dc ca ng
+++---o0o---+++
C. Air Conditioner System : H thng my lnh
Indoor unit : Dn lnh

Outdoor unit : Dn nng
Refrigerant pipe : ng dn mi cht lnh
AC Drain pipe : ng thot nc my lnh
Cooling capacity : Cng sut lnh
Ceiling cassette : loi p trn
Wall mounted : gn tng
Ceiling conceal : giu trn i ng
Insullation : cch nhit
AC Trunking : dng i dy in,i ng ng
U-trap : ngn mi trong ng x nc khng i ngc vo phng
1HP : 1horse power : 1 nga =9000btu/h
AHU : Air handling unit
FCU : Fan coil unit
Cooling tower : Thp gii nhit
Heater : in tr t nng
Thermostat : cm bin nhit
+++---o0o---+++
D. Ventilation system : H thng thng gi
Exhauust Fan : Qut ht
Fresh air Fan : Qut cp gi ti
Louver : ca chp (thng gi)
VCD : Volume control damper : Cnh iu chnh lu lng gi
Duct : ng gi
Door grill : ging louver nhng gn trn ca
Fire Damper : Gn trong ng gi ngn cch gia cc phng khng cho la chy lan
Flexible duct : ng gi mm thng dng kt ni vo cc ming khch tn
Diffuse grill : ming khch tn
Hanger : ty treo ng gi
E. Fire Fighting System :
Car connection point : Tr tip nc cho xe cu ha

Fire hydrant box (Indoor & Outdoor) : T Cha chy trong v ngoi nh
Extinguisher(ABC & CO2) : Bnh Cha chy(bng bt hay Co2)
Engine pump ( Diezel pump ) : Bm du
Exhaust stack : ng thi khi cho bm
Electric pump : bm in
Jockey pump : bm b p
Priming tank : b nc mi
Hosereel : cun dy cu ha
Nozzle : Lng phun
F. Air Compressor : H thng kh nn
Air compressor machine : my kh nn

Air receive tank : b nhn kh
Header : ng trung gian dng chia kh
Ball valve : van bi
Autodrain : t ng thot nc
Coupling : Ch kt ni ng s dng
PHN IN THY ANH EM GHI Y QU NN THI KHNG DM MA RU

QUA MT TH.HEHEHE
Tulap
25-05-2011, 16:42
uh, mai rnh mnh tp hp li ri post tip nha.
Tulap
28-05-2011, 08:32
G. Power Incoming system :
LA : Lightning Arrest : Chng st

CT : Current Transformer : Bin dng
PT : Potential transformer : Bin p in th
Isolator Pin : S cch in
FCO : Fuse cut out : cu ch t ri
KWH metter : ng h KWH
Switch Yard : Trm in vo (tr in ,LA,CT,PT...)
HV manhole : H ko cp cao th trung gian
Recloser : T ng ng in li khi c s c( thng t switch yard)
LBS : Load Breaker switch
Termination kit : u cp
Cable pit : Mng cp
pokemon2203
30-05-2011, 15:52
tp hp c th thnh 1 quyn t in i b con i..t enes Z, c phi d tra cu hn ko
Tulap
02-06-2011, 13:08
Cm n ng gp ca bn ,mnh cng ang d nh lm 1 quyn nh vy ,khi no xong se up ln
cho ae tham kho nha
minhlaminhmo
04-07-2011, 12:20
Cm n ng gp ca bn ,mnh cng ang d nh lm 1 quyn nh vy ,khi no xong se up ln
cho ae tham kho nha
Ch i quyn sch ca bc.

somebody
09-02-2012, 19:52
-Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition :H thng giam st iu khin v thu thp s liu
(SCADA)
-Energy Management System: h thng qun l nng lng
(EMS)
-Distribution Management System h thng qun l li in phn phi
(DMS)
-Electric network/gird :li in
-Electric power system: h thng in (HT)
-generation :sn sut
-transmission: truyn ti
-Distribution: phn phi
-Consumption :tiu th
-Nominal parameters :thng s nh mc
-low voltage :li h th
-medium voltage:li trung th
-high voltage:li cao th
-Element :phn t
-extra high voltage :li siu cao th
-power factor :h s cng sut
-frequency :tn s f
-consumer: h tiu th
-load :ph ti in
-unload ;b ti ,loi b ti
-pole :ct / tr in
-cross arm :
-cable line :ng dy cp
-Substation ,power station :trm bin p (TBA)
-three winding transformer: my bin p 3 cun dy
-Auto transformer :my bin p t ngu
-Recloser : my ct t ng li
-LB FCO- Load Break Fuse Cut Out :cu ch t ri kt hp vi DCL ph ti
-FCO-Fuse Cut Out : cu ch t ri
-LA- Lightning Arrester :chng st
-LBS Load Break Switch :dao cch ly ph ti
-DS Disconnect Switch: DCL
-CB- Circuit Breaker :my ct
-On load tap changing transformer :my bin p iu p di ti
-Arc :h quang
-Arc Discharge :phng in h quang
-Arrester :chng st
-Basic Insulation Level (BIL) :Mc cch in c bn
-Breakdown :phng in chc thng
-Breakdown Voltage :in p nh thng
-Capacitor: t in
-Characteristic :c tuyn
-Corona: vng quang
Trm c s :Operation Station
Trm iu khin trung tm (Master Station):
-Thu thp d liu (Data Acquistion
-Gim st (Supervisory
-Phn b tr (Support)
-RCBO :Residual Current Circuit Breaker with Overcurrent protection- Cu dao chng dng d
,qu ti v ngn mch
-ELCB :Cu dao pht hindng r ELCB- ( Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker
-My tnh c nhn : PC (Personal Computer)
-Phn mm h thng (System Software)
-phn mm ng dng (Applications software)
-Chng trnh (Program)
Cc thut ng - k hiu chuyn ngnh in



Air distribution system .................................: H thng iu phi kh
Ammeter .................................................. .: Ampe k
Busbar .................................................. ....: Thanh dn
Circuit Breaker ............................................: Aptomat hoc my ct
Current carrying capacity...............................: Kh nng mang ti
Dielectric insulation ......................................: in mi cch in
Distribution Board .........................................: T/bng phn phi in
Downstream circuit breaker.............................: B ngt in cui ngun

Relay .................................................. ........: R le
Sensor / Detector ...............................: Thit b cm bin, thit b d tm
Switching Panel ............................................: Bng ng ngt mch
Tubular fluorescent lamp.................................: n ng hunh quang
Upstream circuit breaker..................................: B ngt in u ngun
Voltage drop .................................................: St p
alarm bell .................................................. ....: chung bo t ng
cable .................................................. ..........:cp in

conduit .................................................. .......:ng bc
current .................................................. .......:dng in
electrical appliances .........................................: thit b in gia dng
electrical insulating material ...............................: vt liu cch in
fixture .................................................. .........:b n
jack .................................................. ............:u cm
lamp .................................................. ............:n
live wire .................................................. .......:dy nng
low voltage .................................................. ...: h th
photoelectric cell .............................................: t bo quang in
relay............................................. .................: r-le
wire .................................................. ............:dy in
Capacitor .................................................. .....: T in

Copper equipotential bonding bar ...................: Tm ni ng th bng ng
Disruptive discharge .......................................: S phng in nh thng
Lifting lug .................................................. ....: Vu cu
Overhead Concealed Loser ...............................: Tay nm thu lc
Selector switch ..............................................: Cng tc chuyn mch

R le Mho: R le tng dn. Ngc li vi r le tng tr, thng dng bo v mt kch thch cho my
pht. Mho l vit ngc ca... Ohm (hi hi, phi hng ta?)
Bushing: s xuyn.
Varac: t ngn gn ca variable autotransformer: bin p t ngu iu chnh c bng cch xoay.
Cell: Trong c quy th n l 1 hc (2.2 V) Trong quang in th n l t bo quang in. Cn cell phone
l...
Reactor: trong h thng in th n l cun cm. Trong l phn ng ht nhn th n l b phn khng
ch tc phn ng.
Field: trong l thuyt th n l trng. (nh in trng, t trng...). Trong my in n l cun dy
kch thch. Trong trit hc n l lnh vc. thng thng, n l.. cnh ng.
Coupling: trong in t n l phng php ni tng. Nhng trong c in, n li l khp ni, dng
kt ni gia ng c v ti (bm chng hn).
Orifice: l tit lu.

Ammeter : Ampe k
Busbar : Thanh dn




Relay : R le

Voltage drop : St p

cable :cp in
conduit :ng bc
current :dng in

fixture :b n
jack :u cm
lamp :n
live wire :dy nng
low voltage : h th
relay : r-le

wire :dy in
Capacitor : T in

Lifting lug : Vu cu



Trm bin p n: (hi hi, my ci ny ai cng bit "gi")

Bushing: s xuyn.
Voltmetter, ampmetter, wattmetter, PF metter... cc dng c o lng V, A, W, cos phi...
V ... nh my in:

Winding: dy qun.
Connector: dy ni.
Lead: dy o ca ng h.
Wire: dy dn in.
Governor: b iu tc.
Armature: phn cm.
Hydrolic: thy lc.
Brush: chi than.
Tachometer: tc k
Coupling: khp ni
Burner: vi t.

2 Philosophy Trit l
3 Linear Tuyn tnh
4 Ideal L tng
11 Concept Khi nim
14 Load Ti
16 Input Ng vo
17 Output Ng ra
26 Cascade Ni tng
28 Specific C th
29 Magnitude ln
30 Phase Pha
31 Model M hnh
34 Resistance in tr
36 Response p ng
43 Negative m
44 Feedback Hi tip
46 Inverting o (du)
49 Summer B/mch cng
57 Analysis Phn tch
62 Loaded C mang ti
63 Half-wave Na sng
67 Ripple nhp nh
72 Bipolar Lng cc
80 Emitter Cc pht
84 Saturation Bo ha
85 Secondary Th cp
86 Effect Hiu ng
87 n-Channel Knh N
91 Boundary Bin
98 Gate Cng
99 Protection Bo v
101 Diagram S
106 Fixed C nh
110 Discrete Ri rc
133 Bypass Ni tt
135 Hybrid Lai
147 Noise Nhiu
153 Term Thut ng
160 Adding Thm vo
163 Quantity i lng
165 Data D liu
175 Static Tnh
176 Dynamic ng
181 Pull-up Ko ln
182 Drawback Nhc im
186 Node Nt
187 Mesh Li
190 Sensor Cm bin
191 Loudspeaker Loa
192 Microwave Vi ba
193 Oven L
199 Voltmeter Vn k
200 Ammeter Ampe k
201 Scale Thang o
203 Product Tch
205 Level Mc
208 Phasor Vect
213 Fraction Mt phn
216 Avalanche Thc l
222 Topology S
224 w.r.t So vi
225 Threshold Ngng
230 Numerator T s
233 Leakage R (r)

in p danh nh ca h thng in.............Nominal voltage of a system)
Cng sut sn sng ca mt t my (hoc mt nh my in) (Available capacity of a it (of a power
station)
Trng thi khng cn bng ca mt li in nhiu pha (Unbalanced state of a polyphase network)
A/M Automatic/Manual
AAAC All Aluminum Alloy Conductor
AAC All Aluminum Conductor
ACAR Aluminum Conductor Alloy Reinforced
ACB Air Circuit Breaker
ACSR Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced
AFC Approved For Construction
AFD Approved For Design
AHU Air Handling Unit
ANSI American National Standards Institute
APFR Automatic Power Factor Regulator
AR Auto Reclose (Relay)
ASAP As Soon As Possible
ATS Automatic Transfer Switch
AUX Auxiliary
AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator
AWA Aluminum Wire Armoured (Cable)
AWG American Wire Gauge
BB Bus Bar (Protection)
BCT Bushing Current Transformer
BFP Boiler Feed-water Pump
BHP Brake Horse Power
BIL Basic Impulse Level
BKR Breaker
B/L Bill of Lading
BM(BOM) Bill of Material
BOO Build Own Operate
BOP Balance Of Plant
BOT Build Own Transfer
BS British Standards (institute)
BSDG Black Start Diesel Generator
C&F Cost & Freight
CAR Construction All Risk (Insurance)
CBF Circuit Breaker Fail (Protection)
CBM CuBic Meter (M)
CCPD Coupling Capacitor Potential Device
CCPP Combined Cycle Power Plant
CCW Counter Clock Wise
CED Chiep Executive Director
CEO Chiep Executive Officer
CFO Chiep Financial Officer
CFR Cost,and Freight
CHU Chiller Handling Unit
C/I Commercial Invoice
CIF Cost Insurance and Freight
CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To
CLR Current Limiting Reactor
CM Construction Management
C/O Certificate of Origin
COS Cut Out Switch
CPT Carriage Paid To
CS Control Switch
CT Current Transformer
CTT Current Transformer Test Terminal
CUB Cubicle
CVT Capacitive Voltage Transformer
CU Copper conductor
CW Clock Wise
C/W Certificate of Weight
CWP Cooling Water Pump (Circulating Water Pump)
DAF Delivered At Frontier
D/G Diesel Generator
DCS Distributed Control System
DEF Delivered Ex Ship
DIFB Biased Differential (Relay)
DIFF. Differenfial (Relay)
DO Diesel Oil
DOL Direct On Line (Motor starting)
DS Disconnecting Switch
DTR Digital Transient Recorder
EF Earth Fault (Relay)
EFF. Efficiency
E/L Export License
ELCB Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker
ELR Earth Leakage Relay
EM Engineering Manager / Earth Mast
EMS Energy Management System
EOCR Electronic Over Current Relay
EPC Engineering Procurenment Construction
ES Earthing Switch
ESD Emergency Shut Down
ETA Estimated Time of Arrival
ETD Estimated Time of Departure
EX Excitor
EXW Ex Works
FAS Free Alongside Ship
FAT Factory (or Field or Final) Acceptance Test
FCA Free Carrier
FD Forced Draft ID(Induced Draft)
FDR Feeder
FL Fluorescent Light (Lamp)
FOB Free On Board
FOR Forced Outage Rate / Free On Rail
FRLS Flame Retardent(or Fire Resistant) Low Smoked
FSA Fuel Supply Agreement
FSD Fire Shut Down
GCB Gas Circuit Breaker
GEN Generator
GIS Gas Insulated Switchgear
GIS Geographic Information System
GPS Global Positioning System
GPT Grounding Potential Transformer
GT(G) Gas Turbine (Generator)
GTY Gantry
HFO Heavy Fuel Oil
HPS High Pressure Sodium
HRSG Heat Recovery Steam Generator
HVAC Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning
I/C Inspection Certiviate
ICT Interposing CT
ID Induced Draft FD(Induced Draft)
IDMT Inverse Definite Minimum Time
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IFA Issued For Approval
IFC Issued For Construction
IFD Issued For Design
IOM Inter Office Memorandum
I/P Inusrance Policy
IPB Isolated Phase Busduct
IPP Independant Power Producer
ISF Instrument Safety Factor
ITB Invitation To Bid
ITP Inspection (and) Test Plan
JB(J/B) Junction Box
JCS The Japanese Cable Manufacturer's Association Standard
JEC Standard of the Japanese Electrotechnical Committee
JEM The Standard of Japan Electrical Manufacturer's Association
JIS Japanese Industrial Standards
L.O. Lube Oil
L/C Letter of Credit
L/I Letter of Intent
LA Linghtning Arrester
LC Load Center
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LCP Local Control Panel
LCS Local Control Station
LE / LE Lead Engineer / Loss of Excitation (Relay)
LED Light Emitting Diode
LFO Light Fuel Oil
LOR Lock Out Relay
LRC Load Ratio Controller
LT Line Trap
LTG Lighting
M/H Man Hour
M/M Man Month
MC Magnetic Contactor
MCC Motor Control Center
MDF Main Distribution Frame
MF Maintenance Free / Multiplying Factor
MK Marshalling Kiosk
MMI Man-Machine Interface
MOF Metering Outfit
MOM Minutes Of Meeting
MOU Memorandom Of Understanding
MOV Motor Operating Valve
MPR Motor Projection Relay / Monthly Progress Report
MTBF Mean Time Between Failure
MTO Material Take Off
MVR Manual Voltage Regulator
NEC National Electrical Code
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturer's Association
NGR(NER) Neutral Grounding Resister(Neutral Earthing Resister)
NGT(NGTR) Neutral Grounding Transformer
NLTC No Load Tap Changer
NPS Negative Phase Sequence (Relay)
NSPB Non Segregate Phase Busduct
NVD Neutral Voltage Displacement
O&M Operation & Maintenance
OCB / MOCB Oil Circuit Breaker / Minmum Oil Circuit Breaker
OCR Over Current Relay
OJT On the Job Training
OLTC On Load Tap Changer
ONAN/ONAF Oil Nature Air Nature / Oil Nature Air Forced
OV Over Voltage (Relay)
P&ID Piping and Instrument Diagram
P.U Pressurization Unit / Per Unit
P/O Purchase Order
PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchanger
PB Push Button
PC Procurement Coordinator
PCB Poly Chlorinated Bi-phenyl / Printed Circuit Board
PCS Pieces
PD Project Director
PE Project Engineer
PFD Process Flow Diagram
PI Post Insulator
PJT Project
P/L Packing List
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
PLCC Power Line Carrier Communication
PM Project Manager
PMT Project Management Team
PN Plant North
PNL Panel
PPA Power Purchase Agreement
PQ Pre-Qualification
PS Purchase Specification
PSS Power System Stabilizer
PT Potential Transformer
PTT Potential Transformer Test Terminal
PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride
R/L Remote/Local
RCP Remote Control Panel
REF Restriced Earth Fault (Relay)
RFQ(RFP) Request For Quotation (Proposal)
RIV Radio Inflenced Voltage
RM. Ringgit Malaysia
Rp. Rupiah
RP Reverse Power (Relay)
RPM Revolution Per Minute
Rs. Rupees
RTD Resistance Temperature Detector
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
RY Relay
S.C Static Condenser
S.R Series Reactor
S/S Substation
SA Surge Arrester
SBEF StandBy Earth Fault (Relay)
SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
SCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier / Short Circuit Ratio
SCS Substation Control System
SER Sequence Event Recorder
SIL Surge Impedance Loading
SLD Single Line Diagram
SLS Synchronizing Switch
SPB Segregated Phase Busduct
SPST Single Pole Single Throw
SS Selector Switch or Syncro Switch
SSTD Solid State Trip Device
ST(G) Steam Turbine (Generator)
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
SW Switch
SWA (Galavinized) Steel Wire Armoured (Cable)
SWGR SWITCHGEAR
SWYD SWITCHYARD
SYN Synchronizing
T/L Transmission Line
TB Terminal Board
TBE, TBA Technical Bid Evaluation (Analysis)
TBN Turbine
TCS Trip Circuit Supervision (Relay)
TCU Tele Counting Unit
TE Electrical reset Trip (Relay)
TEFC Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled
TEWAC Totally Enclosed Water (to) Air Cooled
TLP Transformer Local Panel
TPN Triple Pole Neutral
TR Transformer
TRV Transient Recovery Voltage
UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply
UV Under Voltage (Relay)
VCB Vacuum Circuit Breaker
VCS Vacuum Combination Starter
VRO Voltage Restrained Overcurrent (Relay)
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
VT Voltage Transformer
WHRH Waste Heat Recovery Boiler
XLPE Cross Linked Poly Ethylene (Insulation)
Y2K Year 2000 (millenium bug)
ZCT Zero-phase Current Transformer
TNG HP 5000 T TING ANH NGNH IN- CHUYN NGNH TH, CN, HT:
1. Electric power system: h thng in (HT)
2. Electric network/grid :mng (li) in
- low voltage grid:li h th
- medium voltage grid:li trung th
- high voltage grid:li cao th
- extra high voltage grid:li siu cao th
- extremely high voltage grid: li cc cao th
3. Electricity generation: Pht in
4. Power plant: nh my in
- Thermal power plant: nh my nhit in
- Hydroelectric power plant: nh my in
- Wind power plant: nh my in gi
- Tidal power plant: nh my in thy triu
5. Electricity transmission: truyn ti in
- transmission lines: ng dy truyn ti
6. Electricity distribution: phn phi in
7. Consumption :tiu th
- consumer: h tiu th
8. Load: ph ti in
- load curve: biu ph ti
- load shedding: sa thi ph ti
- unblanced load: ph ti khng cn bng
- peak load: ph ti nh, cc i
- symmetrical load: ph ti i xng
9. Power: cng sut
- power factor : h s cng sut
- reactive power: cng sut phn khng
- apparent power: cng sut biu kin
10. Frequency : tn s
- frequency range: Di tn s
1. (System diagram) = S h thng in
2. (System operational diagram) = S vn hnh h thng in
3. (Power system planning)= Quy hoch h thng in
4. (Interconnection of power systems)= Lin kt h thng in
5. (Connection point) = im u ni
6. (National load dispatch center) = Trung tm iu h thng in Quc gia
7. (Steady state of a power system) = Ch xc lp ca h thng in
8. (Transient state of a power system) = Ch qu ca h thng in
9. Operation regulation = Tiu chun vn hnh
10. Synchronous operation of a system = Vn hnh ng b h thng in
11. Power system stability = n nh ca h thng in
12. Steady state stability of a power system = n nh tnh ca h thng in
13. Transient stability of a power system = n nh qu (n nh ng) ca h thng in
14. Conditional stability of a power system = n nh c iu kin ca h thng in
15. Balanced state of a polyphase network = Trng thi cn bng ca li in nhiu pha
16. Unbalanced state of a polyphase network = Trng thi khng cn bng ca mt li in
nhiu pha
1. Electric generator: My pht in
2. Main generator: My pht in chnh
3. Hydraulic generator: my pht in thy lc
4. Magneto hydro dynamic generator (MHD): my pht t thy ng
5. Synchronous generator: my pht ng b
6. Turbine: Tuabin
- Steam turbine: Tuabin hi
- Air turbine: Tuabin kh
- Wind turbine: Tuabin gi
7. Exitation system : H thng kch t
- Separately excited generator: my pht in kch t c lp
- Series generator: my pht kch t ni tip
- Shunt generator: my pht kch t song song
- Brushless exitation system: H thng kch t khng chi than
- Excitation switch (EXS): cng tc kch t ( mi t)
8. Governor : B iu tc
- Centrifugal governor: B iu tc ly tm
- Turbine governor: B iu tc tuabin
9. Synchronizing (SYN): Ha ng b
- Auto synchronizing device (ASD): Thit b ha ng b t ng
- Synchronizing lamp (SYL): n ha ng b
1. (System diagram) = S h thng in
2. (System operational diagram) = S vn hnh h thng in
3. (Power system planning)= Quy hoch h thng in
4. (Interconnection of power systems)= Lin kt h thng in
5. (Connection point) = im u ni
6. (National load dispatch center) = Trung tm iu h thng in Quc gia
7. (Steady state of a power system) = Ch xc lp ca h thng in
8. (Transient state of a power system) = Ch qu ca h thng in
9. Operation regulation = Tiu chun vn hnh
10. Synchronous operation of a system = Vn hnh ng b h thng in
11. Power system stability = n nh ca h thng in
12. Steady state stability of a power system = n nh tnh ca h thng in
13. Transient stability of a power system = n nh qu (n nh ng) ca h thng in
14. Conditional stability of a power system = n nh c iu kin ca h thng in
15. Balanced state of a polyphase network = Trng thi cn bng ca li in nhiu pha
16. Unbalanced state of a polyphase network = Trng thi khng cn bng ca mt li in
nhiu pha
T vng lin quan n vic Cung Cp in:

1. Service reliability = tin cy cung cp in
2. Service security = an ton cung cp in
3. Economic loading schedule = Phn phi kinh t ph ti
4. Balancing of a distribution network = S cn bng ca li phn phi
5. Load stability = n nh ca ti
6. Overload capacity = Kh nng qu ti
7. Load forecast = D bo ph ti
8. System demand control = Kim sot nhu cu h thng
9. Management forecast of a system = D bo qun l ca h thng in
10. Reinforcement of a system = Tng cng h thng in
T vng v My bin p (Transformer):
1. Two-winding transformer: My bin p 2 cun dy
2. Three-winding transformer: My bin p 3 cun dy
3. Auto transformer : My bin p t ngu
4. Primary voltage : in p s cp
5. Secondary voltage : in p th cp
6. Step-up transformer: MBA tng p
7. Step-down transformer: MBA gim p
8. Tap changer: B chuyn nc (MBA)
OLTC on load tap changer: B chuyn nc di ti (MBA)

R le Mho: R le tng dn. Ngc li vi r le tng tr, thng dng bo v mt kch thch
cho my pht.
Bushing: s xuyn.
xoay.
Cell: Trong c quy th n l 1 hc (2.2 V) Trong quang in th n l t bo quang in.
khng ch tc phn ng.
Field: trong l thuyt th n l trng. (nh in trng, t trng). Trong my in n l
cun dy kch thch. Trong trit hc n l lnh vc. thng thng, n l.. cnh ng.
Orifice: l tit lu.
Check valve: van mt chiu
T vng lin quan n H thng pht in:
1. Electric generator: My pht in
2. Main generator: My pht in chnh
3. Hydraulic generator: my pht in thy lc
4. Magneto hydro dynamic generator (MHD): my pht t thy ng
5. Synchronous generator: my pht ng b
6. Turbine: Tuabin
- Steam turbine: Tuabin hi
- Air turbine: Tuabin kh
- Wind turbine: Tuabin gi
7. Exitation system : H thng kch t
- Separately excited generator: my pht in kch t c lp
- Series generator: my pht kch t ni tip
- Shunt generator: my pht kch t song song
- Brushless exitation system: H thng kch t khng chi than
- Excitation switch (EXS): cng tc kch t ( mi t)
8. Governor : B iu tc
- Centrifugal governor: B iu tc ly tm
- Turbine governor: B iu tc tuabin
9. Synchronizing (SYN): Ha ng b
- Auto synchronizing device (ASD): Thit b ha ng b t ng
- Synchronizing lamp (SYL): n ha ng b
T vng lin quan n vic Cung Cp in:
1. Service reliability = tin cy cung cp in
2. Service security = an ton cung cp in
3. Economic loading schedule = Phn phi kinh t ph ti
4. Balancing of a distribution network = S cn bng ca li phn phi
5. Load stability = n nh ca ti
6. Overload capacity = Kh nng qu ti
7. Load forecast = D bo ph ti
8. System demand control = Kim sot nhu cu h thng
9. Management forecast of a system = D bo qun l ca h thng in
10. Reinforcement of a system = Tng cng h thng in
T vng v My bin p (Transformer):
1. Two-winding transformer: My bin p 2 cun dy
2. Three-winding transformer: My bin p 3 cun dy
3. Auto transformer : My bin p t ngu
4. Primary voltage : in p s cp
5. Secondary voltage : in p th cp
6. Step-up transformer: MBA tng p
7. Step-down transformer: MBA gim p
8. Tap changer: B chuyn nc (MBA)
OLTC on load tap changer: B chuyn nc di ti (MBA)
Ammeter : Ampe k
Busbar : Thanh dn
Circuit Breaker :Aptomat hoc my ct
Dielectric insulation :in mi cch in
Downstream circuit breaker:B ngt in cui ngun
Earthing system :H thng ni t
Equipotential bonding :Lin kt ng th
Relay : R le
Voltage drop : St paccesssories : ph kin
cable :cp in
conduit :ng bc
current :dng in
fixture :b n
jack :u cm
lamp :n
live wire :dy nng
low voltage : h th
relay : r-le
wire :dy in
Capacitor : T in
Lifting lug : Vu cu
Vector group : T u dyMagnetic contact : Hm t c phi l: Cng tc (tip im) t
Bc xem li gip vi:
low voltage :trung th
relay : cng tc in t ng
Circuit Breaker : Cu dao in Aptomat hoc my ct
Current carrying capacity: Kh nng ti dng Kh nng mang ti
Earth conductor : Dy dn t Dy ni t
Bushing: s xuyn.
Voltmetter, ampmetter, wattmetter, PF metter cc dng c o lng V, A, W, cos phi
-in p danh nh ca h thng in (Nominal voltage of a system)
- Gi tr nh mc (Rated value)
- in p vn hnh h thng in (Operating voltage in a system)
- in p cao nht (hoc thp nht) ca h thng (Highest (lowest) voltage of a system)
- in p cao nht i vi thit b (Highest voltage for equipment)
- Cp in p (Voltage level)
- lch in p (Voltage deviation)
- st in p ng dy (Line voltage drop)
- Dao ngin p (Voltage fluctuation)
- Qu in p (trong h thng) (Overvoltage (in a system))
- Qu in p tm thi (Temporary overvoltage)
- Qu in p qu (Transient overvoltage)
- Dng in p (Voltage surge)
- Phc hi in p (Voltage recovery)
- S khng cn bng in p (Voltage unbalance)
- Qu in p thao tc (Switching overvoltage)
- Qu in p st (Lightning overvoltage
- Qu in p cng hng (Resonant overvoltage)
- H s khng cn bng (Unbalance factor)
- Cp cch in (Insulation level)
- Cch in ngoi (External insulation)
- Cch in trong (Internal insulation)
- Cch in t phc hi (Self-restoring insulation)
- Cch in khng t phc hi (Non-self-restoring insulation)
- Cch in chnh (Main insulation)
- Cch in ph (Auxiliary insulation)
- Cch in kp (Double insulation)
- Phi hp cch in (Insulation co-ordination)
- Truyn ti in (Transmission of electricity)
- Phn phi in (Distribution of electricity)
- Lin kt h thng in (Interconnection of power systems)
- im u ni (Connection point)
- S h thng in (System diagram)
- S vn hnh h thng in (System operational diagram)
- Quy hoch h thng in (Power system planning)
- n nh ca h thng in (Power system stability)
- n nh ca ti (Load stability)
- n nh tnh ca h thng in (Steady state stability of a power system)
- n nh qu (n nh ng) ca h thng in (Transient stability of a power system)
- n nh c iu kin ca h thng in (Conditional stability of a power system)
- Vn hnh ng b h thng in (Synchronous operation of a system)
-Trung tm iu h thng in Quc gia (National load dispatch center)
- H thng SCADA (Supervisory control and data acquisition system)
- Tiu chun vn hnh (Operation regulation)
- Qun l nhu cu h thng (System demand control)
- D bo qun l h thng in (Management forecast of a system)
- Tng cng h thng in (Reinforcement of a system)
- Khong cch lm vic ti thiu (Minimum working distance)
- Khong trng cch in ti thiu (Minimum insulation clearance)
- Khi ng lnh t my nhit in (Cold start-up thermal generating set)
- Khi ng nng t my nhit in (Hot start-up thermal generating set)
- Kh nng qu ti (Overload capacity)
- Sa thi ph ti (Load shedding)
- Cng sut sn sng ca mt t my (hoc mt nh my in) (Available capacity of a unit (of a
power station)
- Cng sut d phng ca mt h thng in (Reserve power of a system)
- D phng nng (Hot stand-by)
- D phng ngui (Cold reserve) I.1.79. D phng s c (Outage reserve)
- D bo ph ti (Load forecast)
- D bo cu trc pht in (Generation mix forecast)
- Ch xc lp ca h thng in (Steady state of a power system)
- Ch qu ca h thng in (Transient state of a power system)
- Trng thi cn bng ca li in nhiu pha (Balanced state of a polyphase network)
- Trng thi khng cn bng ca mt li in nhiu pha (Unbalanced state of a polyphase
network)
- tin cy cung cp in (Service reliability)
- an ton cung cp in (Service security)
- Phn phi kinh t ph ti (Economic loading schedule)
- S cn bng ca li phn phi (Balancing of a distribution network)
- S phc hi ti (Load recovery)
Winding: dy qun.
Connector: dy ni.
Lead: dy o ca ng h.
Wire: dy dn in.
Exciter field: kch thch ca my kch thch.
Governor: b iu tc.
Armature: phn cm.
Hydrolic: thy lc.
Bearing: gi trc, b trc,
Brush: chi than.
Tachometer: tc k
Coupling: khp ni
Burner: vi t.
Air circuit breakers (ACB).. My ct khng kh.
Automatic circuit recloser (ACR) My ct t ng li.
Area control error (ACE) Khu vc kim sot li.
Analog digital converter (ADC). B bin i tng t s.
Automatic frequency control (AFC). iu khin tn s t ng.
Arithmatic logic unit (ALU) B s hc v logic (mt mch in t thc
hin php tnh s hc v logic).
Automatic generation control (AGC). iu khin phn phi cng sut t ng.
Automated meter reading (AMR ) c in k t ng.
Automatic transfer switch (ATS). Thit b chuyn ngun t ng.
Autoreclosing schemes (ARS).. S t ng li t ng.
Direction.. Chiu hng, phng hng.
Straight forward. Thng ti.
Complicated.. Phc tp.
Spinning. Xoay trn.
Coil. Cun dy.
Magnetic field T trng.
Constant Lin tc, lin tip.
Motion Chuyn ng.
Brushes. Chi than trong cc ng c.
Slip rings. Vng qut trn trc, ni tip xc
vi chi qut.
Air distribution system. H thng iu phi kh.
Ammeter.. Ampe k.
Busbar.. Thanh dn.
Cast resin dry transformer. My bin p kh.
Circuit breaker. Aptomat hoc my ct.
Compact fluorescent lamp.. n hunh quang.
Contactor Cng tc t.
Current carrying capacity.. Kh nng mang ti.
Dielectric insulation.. in mi cch in.
Distribution Board.. T/bng phn phi in.
Downstream circuit breaker. B ngt in cui ngun.
Earth conductor Dy ni t.
Earthing system.. H thng ni t.
Equipotential bonding Lin kt ng th.
Fire retardant. Cht cn chy.
Galvanised component. Cu kin m km.
Impedance earth in tr khng t.
Instantaneous current. Dng in tc thi.
Light emitting diode. it pht sng.
Neutral bar .. Thanh trung tnh.
Oil immersed transformer. My bin p du.
Outer sheath. V bc dy in.
Relay.. R le.
Sensor / Detector Thit b cm bin, thit b d tm.
Switching panel Bng ng ngt mch.
Tubular fluorescent lam n ng hunh quang.
Upstream circuit breaker.. B ngt in u ngun.
Voltage drop. St p.
Accesssories. Ph kin.
Alarm bell.. Chung bo t ng.
Burglar alarm.. Chung bo trm.
Ammeter .. .: Ampe k
Busbar .. .: Thanh dn
Cast-Resin dry transformer.: My bin p kh
Circuit Breaker ..: Aptomat hoc my ct
Contactor .. : Cng tc t
Current carrying capacity.: Kh nng mang ti
Dielectric insulation ..: in mi cch in
Distribution Board ..: T/bng phn phi in
Downstream circuit breaker..: B ngt in cui ngun
Earth conductor .: Dy ni t
Earthing system .: H thng ni t
Fire retardant .: Cht cn chy
Galvanised component ..:Cu kin m km
Instantaneous current ..: Dng in tc thi
Light emitting diode ..: it pht sng
Neutral bar .. : Thanh trung ho
Outer Sheath ..: V bc dy in
Relay .. ..: R le
Sensor / Detector .: Thit b cm bin, thit b d tm
Switching Panel ..: Bng ng ngt mch
Upstream circuit breaker.: B ngt in u ngun
Voltage drop .: St p
accesssories .: ph kin
alarm bell .. .: chung bo t ng
burglar alarm .. : chung bo trm
cable .. .:cp in
conduit .. .:ng bc
current .. .:dng in
Direct current .: in 1 chiu
electric door opener ..: thit b m ca
electrical appliances ..: thit b in gia dng
electrical insulating material .: vt liu cch in
fixture .. :b n
high voltage .. .:cao th
illuminance .. : s chiu sng
jack .. :u cm
lamp .. :n
leakage current ..: dng r
live wire .. .:dy nng
low voltage .. : h th
neutral wire .. ..:dy ngui
relay ..: r-le
smoke bell .. .: chung bo khi
smoke detector ..: u d khi
wire .. :dy in
Capacitor .. ..: T in
Compensate capacitor ..: T b
Cooling fan .. : Qut lm mt
Copper equipotential bonding bar .: Tm ni ng th bng ng
Incoming Circuit Breaker ..: Aptomat tng
Lifting lug .. .: Vu cu
Magnetic contact .: cng tc in t
Magnetic Brake ..: b hm t
Overhead Concealed Loser .: Tay nm thu lc
Rated current. .: Dng nh mc
Selector switch .: Cng tc chuyn mch
Starting current .: Dng khi ng
Vector group .. : T u dy
Bushing: s xuyn.
xoay.
Cell: Trong c quy th n l 1 hc (2.2 V) Trong quang in th n l t bo quang in. Cn cell
phone l
khng ch tc phn ng.
Field: trong l thuyt th n l trng. (nh in trng, t trng). Trong my in n l
cun dy kch thch. Trong trit hc n l lnh vc. thng thng, n l.. cnh ng.
Orifice: l tit lu.
Ammeter : Ampe k
Busbar : Thanh dn
Relay : R le
Voltage drop : St p
cable :cp in
conduit :ng bc
current :dng in
fixture :b n
jack :u cm
lamp :n
live wire :dy nng
low voltage : h th
relay : r-le
wire :dy in
Capacitor : T in
Lifting lug : Vu cu
Bushing: s xuyn.
Voltmetter, ampmetter, wattmetter, PF metter cc dng c o lng V, A, W, cos phi
V nh my in:
Winding: dy qun.
Connector: dy ni.
Lead: dy o ca ng h.
Wire: dy dn in.
Exciter field: kch thch ca my kch thch.
Governor: b iu tc.
Armature: phn cm.
Hydrolic: thy lc.
Bearing: gi trc, b trc,
Brush: chi than.
Tachometer: tc k
Coupling: khp ni
Burner: vi t.
2 Philosophy Trit l
3 Linear Tuyn tnh
4 Ideal L tng
10 Ohms law nh lut m
11 Concept Khi nim
14 Load Ti
16 Input Ng vo
17 Output Ng ra
26 Cascade Ni tng
28 Specific C th
29 Magnitude ln
30 Phase Pha
31 Model M hnh
34 Resistance in tr
36 Response p ng
43 Negative m
44 Feedback Hi tip
46 Inverting o (du)
49 Summer B/mch cng
57 Analysis Phn tch
62 Loaded C mang ti
63 Half-wave Na sng
67 Ripple nhp nh
72 Bipolar Lng cc
80 Emitter Cc pht
84 Saturation Bo ha
85 Secondary Th cp
86 Effect Hiu ng
87 n-Channel Knh N
91 Boundary Bin
98 Gate Cng
99 Protection Bo v
101 Diagram S
106 Fixed C nh
110 Discrete Ri rc
133 Bypass Ni tt
135 Hybrid Lai
147 Noise Nhiu
153 Term Thut ng
160 Adding Thm vo
163 Quantity i lng
165 Data D liu
175 Static Tnh
176 Dynamic ng
181 Pull-up Ko ln
182 Drawback Nhc im
186 Node Nt
187 Mesh Li
190 Sensor Cm bin
191 Loudspeaker Loa
192 Microwave Vi ba
193 Oven L
199 Voltmeter Vn k
200 Ammeter Ampe k
201 Scale Thang o
203 Product Tch
205 Level Mc
208 Phasor Vect
213 Fraction Mt phn
216 Avalanche Thc l
222 Topology S
224 w.r.t So vi
225 Threshold Ngng
230 Numerator T s
233 Leakage R (r)
Low Voltage (LV) :. H th
Medium Voltage (MV) :. Trung th
High Voltage (HV) :. Cao th
Extremely High Voltage (EHV) :. Siu cao th
in p danh nh ca h thng in.Nominal voltage of a system)
Gi tr nh mc.Rated value)
Cng sut sn sng ca mt t my (hoc mt nh my in) (Available capacity of a it (of a
power station)
Trng thi khng cn bng ca mt li in nhiu pha (Unbalanced state of a polyphase
network)
A/M Automatic/Manual
AAAC All Aluminum Alloy Conductor
AAC All Aluminum Conductor
ACAR Aluminum Conductor Alloy Reinforced
ACB Air Circuit Breaker
ACSR Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced
AFC Approved For Construction
AFD Approved For Design
AHU Air Handling Unit
ANSI American National Standards Institute
APFR Automatic Power Factor Regulator
AR Auto Reclose (Relay)
ASAP As Soon As Possible
ATS Automatic Transfer Switch
AUX Auxiliary
AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator
AWA Aluminum Wire Armoured (Cable)
AWG American Wire Gauge
BB Bus Bar (Protection)
BCT Bushing Current Transformer
BFP Boiler Feed-water Pump
BHP Brake Horse Power
BIL Basic Impulse Level
BKR Breaker
B/L Bill of Lading
BM(BOM) Bill of Material
BOO Build Own Operate
BOP Balance Of Plant
BOT Build Own Transfer
BS British Standards (institute)
BSDG Black Start Diesel Generator
C&F Cost & Freight
CAR Construction All Risk (Insurance)
CBF Circuit Breaker Fail (Protection)
CBM CuBic Meter (M)
CCPD Coupling Capacitor Potential Device
CCPP Combined Cycle Power Plant
CCW Counter Clock Wise
CED Chiep Executive Director
CEO Chiep Executive Officer
CFO Chiep Financial Officer
CFR Cost,and Freight
CHU Chiller Handling Unit
C/I Commercial Invoice
CIF Cost Insurance and Freight
CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To
CLR Current Limiting Reactor
CM Construction Management
C/O Certificate of Origin
COS Cut Out Switch
CPT Carriage Paid To
CS Control Switch
CT Current Transformer
CTT Current Transformer Test Terminal
CUB Cubicle
CVT Capacitive Voltage Transformer
CU Copper conductor
CW Clock Wise
C/W Certificate of Weight
CWP Cooling Water Pump (Circulating Water Pump)
DAF Delivered At Frontier
D/G Diesel Generator
DCS Distributed Control System
DEF Delivered Ex Ship
DIFB Biased Differential (Relay)
DIFF. Differenfial (Relay)
DO Diesel Oil
DOL Direct On Line (Motor starting)
DS Disconnecting Switch
DTR Digital Transient Recorder
EF Earth Fault (Relay)
EFF. Efficiency
E/L Export License
ELCB Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker
ELR Earth Leakage Relay
EM Engineering Manager / Earth Mast
EMS Energy Management System
EOCR Electronic Over Current Relay
EPC Engineering Procurenment Construction
ES Earthing Switch
ESD Emergency Shut Down
ETA Estimated Time of Arrival
ETD Estimated Time of Departure
EX Excitor
EXW Ex Works
FAS Free Alongside Ship
FAT Factory (or Field or Final) Acceptance Test
FCA Free Carrier
FD Forced Draft ID(Induced Draft)
FDR Feeder
FL Fluorescent Light (Lamp)
FOB Free On Board
FOR Forced Outage Rate / Free On Rail
FRLS Flame Retardent(or Fire Resistant) Low Smoked
FSA Fuel Supply Agreement
FSD Fire Shut Down
GCB Gas Circuit Breaker
GEN Generator
GIS Gas Insulated Switchgear
GIS Geographic Information System
GPS Global Positioning System
GPT Grounding Potential Transformer
GT(G) Gas Turbine (Generator)
GTY Gantry
HFO Heavy Fuel Oil
HPS High Pressure Sodium
HRSG Heat Recovery Steam Generator
HVAC Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning
I/C Inspection Certiviate
ICT Interposing CT
ID Induced Draft FD(Induced Draft)
IDMT Inverse Definite Minimum Time
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IFA Issued For Approval
IFC Issued For Construction
IFD Issued For Design
IOM Inter Office Memorandum
I/P Inusrance Policy
IPB Isolated Phase Busduct
IPP Independant Power Producer
ISF Instrument Safety Factor
ITB Invitation To Bid
ITP Inspection (and) Test Plan
JB(J/B) Junction Box
JCS The Japanese Cable Manufacturers Association Standard
JEC Standard of the Japanese Electrotechnical Committee
JEM The Standard of Japan Electrical Manufacturers Association
JIS Japanese Industrial Standards
L.O. Lube Oil
L/C Letter of Credit
L/I Letter of Intent
LA Linghtning Arrester
LC Load Center
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LCP Local Control Panel
LCS Local Control Station
LE / LE Lead Engineer / Loss of Excitation (Relay)
LED Light Emitting Diode
LFO Light Fuel Oil
LOR Lock Out Relay
LRC Load Ratio Controller
LT Line Trap
LTG Lighting
M/H Man Hour
M/M Man Month
MC Magnetic Contactor
MCC Motor Control Center
MDF Main Distribution Frame
MF Maintenance Free / Multiplying Factor
MK Marshalling Kiosk
MMI Man-Machine Interface
MOF Metering Outfit
MOM Minutes Of Meeting
MOU Memorandom Of Understanding
MOV Motor Operating Valve
MPR Motor Projection Relay / Monthly Progress Report
MTBF Mean Time Between Failure
MTO Material Take Off
MVR Manual Voltage Regulator
NEC National Electrical Code
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NGR(NER) Neutral Grounding Resister(Neutral Earthing Resister)
NGT(NGTR) Neutral Grounding Transformer
NLTC No Load Tap Changer
NPS Negative Phase Sequence (Relay)
NSPB Non Segregate Phase Busduct
NVD Neutral Voltage Displacement
O&M Operation & Maintenance
OCB / MOCB Oil Circuit Breaker / Minmum Oil Circuit Breaker
OCR Over Current Relay
OJT On the Job Training
OLTC On Load Tap Changer
ONAN/ONAF Oil Nature Air Nature / Oil Nature Air Forced
OV Over Voltage (Relay)
P&ID Piping and Instrument Diagram
P.U Pressurization Unit / Per Unit
P/O Purchase Order
PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchanger
PB Push Button
PC Procurement Coordinator
PCB Poly Chlorinated Bi-phenyl / Printed Circuit Board
PCS Pieces
PD Project Director
PE Project Engineer
PFD Process Flow Diagram
PI Post Insulator
PJT Project
P/L Packing List
PLC Programmable Logic Controller
PLCC Power Line Carrier Communication
PM Project Manager
PMT Project Management Team
PN Plant North
PNL Panel
PPA Power Purchase Agreement
PQ Pre-Qualification
PS Purchase Specification
PSS Power System Stabilizer
PT Potential Transformer
PTT Potential Transformer Test Terminal
PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride
R/L Remote/Local
RCP Remote Control Panel
REF Restriced Earth Fault (Relay)
RFQ(RFP) Request For Quotation (Proposal)
RIV Radio Inflenced Voltage
RM. Ringgit Malaysia
Rp. Rupiah
RP Reverse Power (Relay)
RPM Revolution Per Minute
Rs. Rupees
RTD Resistance Temperature Detector
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
RY Relay
S.C Static Condenser
S.R Series Reactor
S/S Substation
SA Surge Arrester
SBEF StandBy Earth Fault (Relay)
SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition
SCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier / Short Circuit Ratio
SCS Substation Control System
SER Sequence Event Recorder
SIL Surge Impedance Loading
SLD Single Line Diagram
SLS Synchronizing Switch
SPB Segregated Phase Busduct
SPST Single Pole Single Throw
SS Selector Switch or Syncro Switch
SSTD Solid State Trip Device
ST(G) Steam Turbine (Generator)
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
SW Switch
SWA (Galavinized) Steel Wire Armoured (Cable)
SWGR SWITCHGEAR
SWYD SWITCHYARD
SYN Synchronizing
T/L Transmission Line
TB Terminal Board
TBE, TBA Technical Bid Evaluation (Analysis)
TBN Turbine
TCS Trip Circuit Supervision (Relay)
TCU Tele Counting Unit
TE Electrical reset Trip (Relay)
TEFC Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled
TEWAC Totally Enclosed Water (to) Air Cooled
TLP Transformer Local Panel
TPN Triple Pole Neutral
TR Transformer
TRV Transient Recovery Voltage
UPS Uninterruptable Power Supply
UV Under Voltage (Relay)
VCB Vacuum Circuit Breaker
VCS Vacuum Combination Starter
VRO Voltage Restrained Overcurrent (Relay)
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
VT Voltage Transformer
WHRH Waste Heat Recovery Boiler
XLPE Cross Linked Poly Ethylene (Insulation)
Y2K Year 2000 (millenium bug)
ZCT Zero-phase Current Transformer
Thut ng chuyn ngnh cp thot nc
borehold : bi ging (gm nhiu ging nc )
collector well : Ging thu nc (cho nc ngm)
distribution pipeline : tuyn ng phn phi (tuyn ng cp II

drinking water supply : Cp nc sinh hot
elevated reservoir : i cha nc
filter : b lc
ground reservoir : B cha xy kiu ngm

ground water : nc ngm
ground water stream : dng nc ngm
motor: m t
pump : My bm
pump strainer : R lc u ng ht ca bm ngn rc
pumping station : trm bm
rapid filter : b lc nhanh

raw water : Nc th
raw water pipeline : tuyn ng dn nc th
raw water pumping station : Trm bm nc th, trm bm cp I
reservoir : B cha nc sch
sedimentation tank : B lng

suction pipe : ng ht nc
surface water : nc mt
transmission pipeline : tuyn ng truyn ti ( tuyn ng cp I)

treated water : Nc qua x l, nc sch
treated water pumping station : Trm bm nc sch, trm bm cp II
water bearing stratum (aquifer, aquafer) : Tng cha nc

water table (ground water level) : Mc nc ngm
adjusting valve : van iu chnh

air-operated valve : van kh nn
alarm valve : van bo ng
amplifying valve : n khuch i
angle valve : van gc
automatic valve : van t ng
back valve : van ngc

balanced valve : van cn bng
balanced needle valve : van kim cn bng
ball valve : van hnh cu, van kiu phao
ball and lever valve : van hnh cu - n by
bleeder valve : van x
bottom discharge valve : van x y
brake valve : van hm
bucket valve : van pit tng
butterfly valve : van bm; van tit lu
by-pass valve : van nhnh
charging valve : van np liu

check valve : van cn; van ng; van kim tra
clack valve : van bn l
clapper valve : van bn l
compensation valve : van cn bng, van b
compression valve : van nn
conical valve : van cn, van hnh nn
control valve : van iu chnh; van kim tra;
cup valve : van hnh chn
cut-off valve : van ngt, van chn
delivery valve : van tng p; van cung cp;

diaphragm valve : van mng chn
direct valve : van trc tip
discharge valve : van x, van tho
disk valve : van a
distribution valve : van phn phi
double-beat valve : van kha kp, van hai
draining valve : van thot nc, van x
drilling valve : van khoan
ejection valve : van phun

electro-hydraulic control valve : van iu chnh in thy lc
emergency closing valve : van kha bo him
emptying valve : van tho, van x
exhaust valve : van tho, van x

expansion valve : van gin n
feed valve : van np, van cung cp
feed-regulating valve : van iu chnh cung cp
flap valve : van bn l
float valve : van phao
flooding valve : van trn
free discharge valve : van tho t do, van ca cng
fuel valve : van nhin liu
gas valve : van ga, van kh t
gate valve : van cng
gauge valve : van th nc
globe valve : van hnh cu
governor valve : van tit lu, van iu chnh
hand operated valve : van tay

hinged valve : van bn l
hydraulic valve : van thy lc
injection valve : van phun

inlet valve : van np
intake valve : van np
interconnecting valve : van lin hp
inverted valve : van ngc
leaf valve : van l, van cnh; van bn l
levelling valve : van chnh mc
lift valve : van nng
main valve : van chnh
multiple valve : van nhiu nhnh
mushroom valve : van a
needle valve : van kim

nozzle control valve : van iu khin vi phun
operating valve : van phn phi
orifice valve : van tit lu;
oulet valve : van x, van thot
overflow valve : van trn
overpressure valve : van qu p
paddle valve : van bn l
penstock valve : van ng thy lc
pilot valve : van iu khin; n kim tra
pintle valve : van kim
pipe valve : van ng dn
piston valve : van pt tng
plate valve : van tm
plug valve : van bt
pressure operated valve : van p lc
pressure relief valve : van chit p
rebound valve : van ngc
reducing valve : van gim p
reflux valve : van ngc
regulating valve : van tit lu, van iu chnh
release valve : van x
relief valve : van gim p, van x
return valve : van hi lu, van dn v
reverse-acting valve : van tc ng ngc
reversing valve : van o, van thun nghch
revolving valve : van xoay
safety valve : van an ton, van bo him
screw valve : van xon c
selector valve : n chn lc
self-acting valve : van lu ng
self-closing valve : van t kha, van t ng
servo-motor valve : van tr ng
shut-off valve : van ngt
slide valve : van trt
spring valve : van l xo
springless valve : van khng l xo
starting valve : van khi ng
steam valve : van hi
stop valve : van ng, van kha
straight-way valve : van thng
suction valve : van ht
supply valve : van cung cp, van np
thermostatic control valve : van iu n nhit
three-way valve : van ba nhnh
throttle valve : van tit lu
through-way valve : van thng
transfer valve : van thng; van thot
transforming valve : van gim p, van iu p
triple valve : van ba nhnh
tube valve : van ng
tube needle valve : van kim
turning valve : van quay
two-way valve : van hai nhnh
water-cooled valve : van lm ngui bng nc
water-escape valve : van thot nc; van bo him
auxiliaty tank : bnh ph; thng ph

catch tank : bnh x
charging tank : bnh np
clarifying tank : b lng, b thanh lc
collecting tank : bnh gp, bnh thu
compartmented tank : bnh cha nhiu ngn, thng nhiu ngn
depositing tank : b lng bn
destritus tank : b t hoi
digestion tank : b t hoi
dip tank : b nhng ( x l)
dosing tank : thng nh lng
elevated tank : thp nc, i nc

emergency tank : bnh d tr; b d tr cp cu
exhaust tank : thng x, thng thi; ng x
expansion tank : bnh gim p; thng gim p
feed tank : thng tip liu; bnh tip liu
float tank : bnh c phao, thng c phao

flowing water tank : b nc chy
gage tank : thng ong
gathering tank : bnh gp, b gp
gauging tank : bnh ong, thng ong
head tank : kt nc c p
holding tank : thng cha, thng gom

measuring tank : thng ong
overhead storage water tank : thp nc c p
precipitation tank : b lng; thng lng
priming tank : thng mi nc, kt mi nc
regulating tank : bnh cp liu; thng cp liu
rejection tank : bung thi
ribbed tank : bnh c g,
sand tank : thng ct
sediment tank : thng lng
self-sealing tank : bnh t hn kn
separating tank : bnh tch, bnh lng
septic tank : h rc t hoi; h phn t hoi
settling tank : b lng
sewage tank : b lng nc thi
slime tank : b lng mn khoan;
slurry tank : thng va; thng nc mn; b lng mn khoan
storage tank : thng cha, thng bo qun, thng tr, b tr
suds tank : b cha nc x phng
sump tank : b hng; h nc rc, b phn
supply tank : b cp liu; b cung cp
surge tank : bung iu p;
tailrace surge tank : bung iu p c mng thot;

tempering tank : b ram, b ti
underground storage tank : b cha ngm (di t)
vacuum tank : bnh chn khng; thng chn khng
water tank : thng nc, b nc, xitc nc
water-storage tank : b tr nc
B lng : sedimentation basin, clarifier, settling basin (ni chung l dng t no cng c). Cn
ch li tm, th bn thm ch centrifugal vo ng trc t b lng m bn dng thi.
B lc : filter
1 Cc thut ng b sung lin quan n cc loi nc
Raw water: Nc th
Canal: Knh (sng o)

(Dng nc nhn to thng c xy dng ni sng, h hoc bin, v thng c kch c ph
hp cho vn ti thu; phn ln cc knh c lu lng thp v c tnh trn ln thp).
Estuary: Ca sng
(Mt vng nc c bao bc mt phn cui ca mt con sng, thng c ni thng vi
bin v nhn c nc ngt t cc ngun thng lu)
Irrigation water: Nc ti
(Nc c cp cho t hoc lp t trng cy lm tng m ca chng, cung cp lng
nc cn thit cho s tng trng bnh thng ca cy v hoc ngn chn s tch t qu nhiu
mui trong t).
Lake: H
(Mt vng nc trong t lin c din tch ng k. H nc mn ln thng c gi l bin).
Reservoir: H cha nc
(Mt cng trnh, nhn to mt phn hoc ton b, lu tr v hoc iu chnh v kim sot
nc).
Stagnant water: Nc t
(Mt vng nc mn trong c t hoc khng c dng chy v trong c th xy ra nhng
bin i khng c li cho cht lng nc trong mt thi gian di).
Stream Ruisseau: Sui

(Nc chy lin tc hoc gin on theo mt dng xc nh, ging nh sng, nhng thng
qui m nh hn).
2 Nhng thut ng b sung lin quan n x l v lu tr nc v nc thi
Clorination: Clo ho
(Qu trnh thm vo nc kh clo hoc l cc cht t sinh ra axit hypoclor hay hypoclorit,
nhm , th d nh ngn chn s pht trin ca vi khun, ng vt v thc vt, d oxi ho cc
cht hu c, tr gip s keo t hoc kh mi hi thi). Mc ch chnh thng l trit
khun.
Break-point chlorination: im clo ho ti hn

(im m khi thm clo vo nc th clo d t do tng ln t l vi lng clo c thm
vo). Ti im ny tt c amoniac b oxi ho ht.
Clarification: Lm trong nc
(Qu trnh trong cc ht c lng ng trong mt ci thng yn (khng khuy), nc
trong hn chy ra ging nh nc thi x l).
Clarifier; settling tank; sedimentation basin: Thng lng, b lng cn

(Mt b ln, ni xy ra s lng ng ca cc cht l lng trong nc. N thng c lp cc
my no c kh gom v loi cn rn ra khi y b).
Contact stabilization: S n nh tip xc

(Mt trong cc phng php x l bng bn hot ho, trong bn hot ho sc kh c a
vo tip xc vi nc cng th trong mt thi gian ngn (th d t 15 n 30 pht). Cn bn sau
khi tip xc c lng v a tr li vo mt b ring bit, n c sc kh vi thi gian
lu hn (th d t 6 gi n 8 gi).
Dialysis: S thm tch

(Qu trnh m cc phn t hoc lon nh khuych tn qua mt mng khin chng c tch khi
nhng phn t ln hn trong dung dch v khi nhng cht l lng).
Mixed media filtration: Lc qua mi trng hn hp

(Qu trnh x l nc, trong nc c a qua hai hoc nhiu lp theo hng i xung hoc
i ln. Lp trn gm nhng ht ln c t trng thp. Trong mi lp tip sau cc ht nh hn,
nhng t trng ca cc ht cao hn).
Pasteurization: Past ho (dit khun theo phng php Past)

(Qu trnh gm s nng nhit trong mt khong thi gian thch hp , nhm mc ch c ch
hot ng ca vi sinh vt, c bit l cc vi sinh vt gy bnh, hoc lm gim s lng ca chng
trong mt khong thi gian gii hn ti mc qui nh hoc ti mc thp hn mc gy bnh).
Pre-aeration: S sc kh trc
(S sc kh nc cng lng trong thi gian ngn ngay trc khi x l sinh hc, hoc l s sc
kh nc cng trc khi lng).
Pressure filtration: S lc p lc
(Qu trnh x l nc tng t nh lc nhanh qua ct, ch khc l nc c a qua mt h
thng kn di p lc).
Rapld sand filtration: Lc nhanh qua ct

(Qu trnh x l nc, thng l lm sau khi trong, trong nc c a qua mt lp ct
loi b nt cn).
Re-aeration: S sc kh li
(Qu trnh nh khng kh c a vo li lm tng nng oxi ho tan sau khi oxi b
mt s qu trnh sinh hc hoc ho hc lm cn kit).
Slow sand filtration: S lc chm bng ct

(Qu trnh x l nc, trong nc c lc chm vi tc c kim sot t trn xung
di lp ct m nc c chn lc v phn loi; cc qu trnh sinh hc, ho hc v l hc
lm cho nc trong sch).
Stabiliation: S n nh
(Qu trnh ho hc hoc sinh hc, trong cc cht hu c (ho tan hoc dng ht) d phn hu
b oxi ho thnh cc cht v c hoc cc cht b phn hu rt chm).
Stepped feed: Np cch qung

(Mt phng php x l bng bn hot ho, trong cc cht thi c a vo b sc khng
kh ti cc im khc nhau dc theo chiu di ca b t c nhu cu oxi ng u cho c h
thng).
Stepped aeration: Sc kh nhiu tng, sc kh theo lp

(Mt phng php x l bng bn hot ho, trong mt lng khng kh ln hn c a
vo cui dng ln ca b sc kh - ni hot ng sinh hc din ra cao nht, v mt lng khng
kh t hn c a vo cui dng xung ca b sc kh).
(nh ngha ny do T chc Y t th gii (WHO) xy dng)
3 Cc thut ng c dng trong ly mu nc
3.1 Automatic sampling: Ly mu t ng

(Qu trnh trong cc mu c ly gin on hoc lin tc, khng c s can thip ca con
ngi v theo mt chng trnh nh trc).
3.2 Composite sample: Mu t hp

(Hai hoc nhiu mu hoc phn mu trn ln vi nhau theo t l thch hp bit (gin on
hoc lin tc), t c th thu c kt qu trung bnh ca mt c tnh mong mun. T l trn
thng c da trn thi gian hoc lu lng).
3.3 Continuous sampling: Ly mu lin tc

(Qu trnh trong mt mu c ly lin tc t mt vng nc).
3.4 Discrete sampling: Ly mu gin on

(Qu trnh trong cc mu n c ly t mt vng nc).
3.5 Flume Canal: Mng o

(Mt knh nhn to c hnh dng v kch thc xc nh, c th c dng o dng chy.
nh ngha ly theo ISO 772).
3.6 Isokinetic sampling: Ly mu ng tc

(K thut ly mu, trong mu t mt dng nc chy vo ming ca mt dng c ly mu vi
tc bng tc ca dng nc ch k vi dng c).
3.7 Monitoring "Programme de contrle": S gim s): Qu trnh ly mu, o c c lp

chng trnh v sau c ghi li hoc truyn tn hiu i (hoc c hai) v nhng c tnh khc
nhau ca nc, thng nhm mc ch nh gi s ph hp ca nc vi cc mc ch nh.
3.8 Proportional sampling: Ly mu t l

(K thut ly c mu t nc ang chy, trong tn s ly mu (trong trng hp ly
mu gin on), hoc tc ly mu (trong trng hp ly mu lin tc) t l thun vi tc
chy ca nc c ly mu).
3.9 Sample: Mu
(Mt phn i din mt cch l tng cho mt vng nc nht nh c ly gin on hoc lin
tc, nhm mc ch kim tra cc c tnh khc nhau nh).
3.10 Sample stabilization: S n nh mu

(Qu trnh nhm lm gim n mc ti thiu nhng thay i v c tnh ca cc thng s quan
tm, bng cch thm cc ho cht hoc thay i iu kin vt l, hoc bng c hai cch, trong
giai on t lc ly mu cho ti lc phn tch mu).
3.11 Sampler: Dng c ly mu

(Dng c c s dng ly mu nc, gin on hoc lin tc, nhm mc ch kim tra cc
c tnh khc nhau nh).
3.12 Sampling: Ly mu
(Qu trnh ly mt phn ca mt vng khi nc, c gng ly phn i din, nhm mc ch
kim tra cc c tnh khc nhau nh).
3.13 Sampling line: ng ly mu

(ng dn nc t u ly mu n ni phn phi mu hoc thit b phn tch).
3.14 Sampling network: Mng li ly mu (Mt h thng cc ch ly mu nh trc, c

thit k gim st mt hoc nhiu v tr qui nh).
3.15 Sampling point: im ly mu (V tr chnh xc trong mt ch ly mu, cc mu c ly

ti im ny).
3.16 Sampling probe: u ly mu (B phn ca thit b ly mu c nhng chm vo trong

mt vng nc v mu nc chy vo trc tin).
3.17 Sampling site: Ch ly mu (L khu vc chung trong mt vng nc ni mu c ly).
3.18 Snap sample; spot sample: Mu n (Mu ring l c ly mt cch ngu nhin (v thi
gian/hoc v tr) t mt vng nc).
3.19 Test portion: Phn mu th (Mt phn ca mt mu, c ly ra kim tra).
To be continued..
4. Cc thut ng c s dng trong phn tch nc
4.1 Acidity: axit

(Dung lng ca mi trng nc v mt phn ng vi ion hydroxit).
4.2 Aggressivity: Tnh xm thc

(Kh nng ca nc ho tan canxi cacbonat CaCO3 (xem 4.16, ch s Langelier).
4.3 Aggressive water: Nc xm thc

(Nc c ch s Langelier m (xem 4.16, ch s Langelier)).
4.4 Alkalinity: kim

(Dung lng ca mi trng nc v mt phn ng vi ion hydro).
4.4.1 Methyl red end - point alkalinity: kim theo metyl

(Php o qui c kim tng s ca nc bng s chun ti im cui theo ch th metyl
(pH 4,5); thng c s dng kt hp vi kim theo phenolphtalein (xem 4.4.2) nhm xc
nh ng lng ca HCO3-, CO3- v nng H+ ca nc).
4.4.2 Phenolphthalein end-point alkalinity: kim theo phenolphtalein

( kim qui c do tng hm lng ion hidroxit v mt na hm lng ion cacbonat trong
nc to thnh, c xc nh bng chun theo phenolphtalein (pH = 8,3).
4.5 Bioassay: S th sinh hc

(K thut nh gi tc dng sinh hc, nh tch hoc nh lng, ca cc cht khc nhau trong
nc bng cch quan st nhng thay i hot tnh sinh hc nht nh).
4.6 Blochemical oxygen demand (BOD): Nhu cu oxi sinh ho (BOD)

(Hm lng oxi ho tan b tiu th di nhng iu kin xc nh do s oxi ho sinh hc cc
cht hu c/hoc v c trong nc).
4.7 Carbon adsorption/chloroform extraction (CCE): S hp th bng than hot ho/s chit
bng clorofom (CCE): (Mt qui trnh trong cc cht, ch yu l cht hu c, c hp th t
nc ln than hot ho di nhng iu kin xc nh, sau c chit vo clorofom trc khi
phn tch).
4.8 Carbon dioxide: Cacbon dioxit
4.8.1 Free carbon dioxide: Cacbon dioxit t do (Cacbon dioxit ho tan trong nc).
4.8.2 Total carbon dioxide: Cacbon dioxit tng s (Tng s cacbon dioxit t do v cacbon dioxit
lin kt di dng cacbonat v hidro cacbonat trong nc).
4.9 Chemical oxygen demand (COD): Nhu cu oxi ho hc (COD):

(Nng khi lng oxi tng ng vi lng dicromat b tiu th bi cc cht ho tan v l
lng trong nc khi mu nc c x l vi dicromat trong nhng iu kin xc nh).
4.10 Chlorine: Clo
4.10.1 Chlorine demand; chlorine requirement: Nhu cu clo, yu cu clo

(Hiu s gia lng clo cho vo mu nc hoc nc thi v lng clo d tng s cn li
cui giai on tip xc nh).
4.10.2 Residual chlorine; total rsidual chlorine: Clo d; clo d tng s

(Clo cn li trong dung dch sau clo ho, tn ti di dng clo t do hoc clo lin kt, hoc c
hai).
4.10.3 Combined chlorine: Clo lin kt (Phn ca clo d tng s tn ti di dng cc cloramin,
cloramin hu c v nit triclorua NCl3).
4.10.4 Free chlorine: Clo t do (Clo c mt di dng axit hypoclor, ion hypoclorit hoc kh clo
ho tan).
4.10.5 Total chlorine: Clo ton phn (Clo c mt di dng clo t do hoc clo lin kt hoc c
hai).
4.10.6 Chloremines: Cc cloramin

(Cc cht dn xut ca amoniac do s thay th ca 1, 2 hoc 3 nguyn t hidro bng nguyn t
clo (monocloramin NH2Cl, dicloramin NHCl2, nit triclorua NCl3) v tt c cc cht dn xut
clo ca cc hp cht nit hu c nh c xc nh bng phng php qui nh trong ISO
7393 1).
4.10.7 Available chlorine; total avallable chlorine Chlore disponible: Clo sn c, clo sn c ton
phn:
(Cc thut ng thng dng trong vic m t c tnh cc dung dch natri hypoclorit m c v
nc clo v s lm long chng dng cho clo ho).
4.11 Corrosivity: Tnh n mn

(Kh nng ca nc n mn cc vt liu khc nhau do cc tc ng ho hc, ho l hoc ho
sinh).
4.12 Determinand "Determinand": Thng s cn xc nh (Thng s hoc cht cn c xc
nh).
4.13 Dissoived-oxygen curve: ng cong oxi ho tan

(ng cong lp c bng th hoc tnh ton th hin s bin i ca hm lng oxi ho tan
dc theo chiu dng nc).
4.14 Hardness: cng

(Mt tnh cht ca nc biu th bn vng ca n vi s pht trin ca bt x phng. cng
ca nc l mt khi nim c c s dng m t hm lng canxi v magi trong nc. C
cc loi cng khc nhau ( cng ton phn, cng cacbonat v cc cng khc) v ngi
ta chp nhn cc nh ngha khc nhau v khi nim ny).
4.14.1 Alkaline (temporany) hardness: cng kim ( cng tm thi):

(L cng s b loi b khi un si. cng ny thng do s c mt ca hydro cacbonat).
4.14.2 Non-alkaline [permanent] hardness: cng khng kim ( cng vnh cu)
( cng khng th loi b c khi un si; Nguyn nhn chnh gy ra cng ny l s c
mt ca cc sunfat, clorua v nitrat ca canxi v magi).
4.15 In-line analysis; in situ analysis: Phn tch trc tip

(H thng phn tch t ng trong t nht b phn sensor phn tch c t trong vng
nc).
To be continued..
4. Cc thut ng s dng trong phn tch nc (tip)
4.16 Langelier index: Ch s Langelier

Gi tr thu c bng vic ly pH o c ca mu nc tr i pH bo ho (pHs). pHs l pH tnh
c vi gi thit khi nc cn bng vi canxi cacbonat rn.
4.17 On-line analysis: Phn tch ti ch

H thng phn tch t ng trong mu nc c ly t vng nc qua u ly mu a n
thit b phn tch bng mt ng dn thch hp.
4.18 Parameter: thng s

Mt tnh cht ca nc c s dng m t c tnh ca n.
4.19 Repeatabllity: lp li
(nh ngha ly t ISO 3534, TCVN 3691 - 81).
4.19.1 Qualitavite: lp li nh tnh
st sao gia cc kt qu lin tip thu c bi cng phng php trn vt liu th ng nht
trong cng mi iu kin (cng ngi thao tc, cng phng th nghim, cng thit b v cng
khong thi gian ngn).
4.19.2 Quantitative: lp li nh lng

Gi tr m vi xc sut qui nh, hiu tuyt i gia hai kt qu th ring bit nhn c trong
cc iu kin nu trn s nh hn n. Khi khng c qui nh khc xc sut ny l 95%.
4.20 Reproducibility: ti lp:

(nh ngha ly t ISO 3534 , TCVN 3691 - 81).
4.20.1 Qualitative: nh tnh

st sao gia cc kt qu ring bit thu c bi cng phng php trn vt liu th ng
nht, nhng di iu kin khc nhau (khc ngi thao tc, khc thit b, khc phng th nghim,
v / hoc thi gian khc nhau).
4.20.2 Quantitative: nh lng

Gi tr m vi xc sut qui nh, hiu tuyt i gia hai kt qu th duy nht trn vt liu th
ng nht thu c bi nhng ngi thao tc trong nhng phng th nghim khc nhau, s dng
nhng phng php th tiu chun ho s nh hn n. Khi khng c qui nh khc, xc sut
ny l 95%.
4.21 Salinity (absolute); absolute salinity (Sa): mui tuyt i (Sa):

T s ca khi lng vt cht ho tan trong nc bin trn khi lng nc bin. Trong thc t,
i lng ny khng th o trc tip c v mui thc t c qui nh dng bo co
nhng quan st hi dng hc. (Xem
4.22. mui (thc t)).
4.22 Salinity (pratical); practical salinity(S): mui thc t (S):

Mt i lng khng th nguyn, dng kim tra cht lng nc, c xem nh s c
lng v nng ca mui ho tan trong nc bin tnh bng gam/kilogam. N c nh ngha
l t s (K15) gia dn in ca mu nc 15oC v 1atm v dn in ca dung dch KCl
xc nh (32,436 6 g.kg-1) cng iu kin nhit v p sut.
4.23 Sensitivity (K): nhy (K)

i vi mt gi tr cho ca i lng c o, nhy c biu th bng t s ca lng
tng thm quan st c (dl) v lng tng thm tng ng ca i lng c o (dG)
(Ly t OIML)
4.24 Solids: Cht rn
4.24.2 Dissolved solids: Cht rn ho tan

Cc cht cn li sau khi lc v lm bay hi n kh ca mt mu. di nhng iu kin xc
nh.
Ch thch Cng c th k c cc cht keo.
4.24.2 Settleable solids: Cht rn c th lng c

Phn ca cht rn ban u l lng c kh nng loi b c sau mt thi gian lng nht nh,
trong nhng iu kin nht nh.
4.24.3 Suspended solids: Cht rn l lng

Cht rn loi c bng lc hoc ly tm trong nhng iu kin nht nh.
4.24.4 Total solids: Cht rn ton phn

Tng s cht rn ho tan v cht rn l lng
4.24.5 Colloidal suspension: Huyn ph keo

Huyn ph cha cc ht thng tch in v khng lng c, nhng c th loi b c bng
phng php keo t.
4.25 Sludge volume Index (SVI); Ch s th tch bn (SVI), ch s Mohlman

Th tch tnh bng mililit b 1 g bn hot ho chim ch sau khi lng di nhng iu kin qui
nh trong mt thi gian qui nh, thng l 30 pht.
4.26 Sodium absorption ratio (SAR): T s hp th natri (SAR)

T s dng cho nc ti tiu, n biu th hot tng i ca ion natri trong cc phn ng
trao i vi t.
V mt nh lng n c tnh theo cng thc:
Trong : [Na+], [Ca2+] v [Mg2+] l hm lng ca ion canxi v ion magi, tnh bng milli
mol/lit.
4.27 Speclfic conductance; electrical conductivity: dn in, dn in ring

i lng nghch o ca in tr, o c di nhng iu kin qui nh, gia cc mt i din
ca mt khi lp phng vi cc kch thc nh ca mt dung dch nc. i vi vic kim
tra cht lng nc, n thng c biu th nh l " dn in" v c s dng nh l php
o nng ca cc cht tan c th ion ho c mt trong mu.
4.28 Surface active agent: Cht hot ng b mt
Hp cht ho hc c tnh hot ng b mt, tan trong cht lng, c bit l trong nc, hp cht
ny lm gim sc cng b mt hoc sc cng gia cc mt tip xc bi a hp ph trn b mt
lng/hi hoc cc ranh gii b mt khc.
Ch thch - Hp cht ho hc m trong phn t ca n cha t nht mt nhm c i lc i vi

cc b mt phn cc r rt, m bo cho n trong hu ht mi trng hp u ho tan trong
nc, v mt nhm khng phn cc c mt i lc nh i vi nc.
nh ngha ny v cc nh ngha 4.28.1, 4.28.2, v 4.28.3 ly t ISO 862.
4.28.1 Anionic surface active agent: Anlon hot ng b mt

Cht hot ng b mt ion ho trong dung dch nc to ra cc ion hu c tch in m c
chc nng hot ng b mt.
4.28.2 Cationic surface active agent: Cation hot ng b mt

Cht hot ng b mt ion ho trong dung dch nc to ra cc ion hu c tch in dng c
chc nng hot ng b mt.
4.28.3 Non-ionic surface active agent: Cht hot ng b mt khng ion

Cht hot ng b mt khng to ra cc ion trong dung dch nc. Cc cht hot ng b mt
khng ion ny tan c trong nc l nh s c mt trong cc phn t ca chng, cc nhm
chc c i lc mnh vi nc.
4.29 Total organic carbon (TOC): Cacbon hu c ton phn (TOC):

Lng cacbon c mt trong cc cht hu c ho tan hoc l lng trong nc.
4.30 Turbidity: c
S gim tnh trong sut ca mt cht lng, gy nn bi s c mt ca cht khng tan.
Some words in Drainage Design

1. run-off coefficient: H s dng chy
2. rainfall intensity (mm/h): Lu lng ma n v
3. Rational Method Calculation: Phng php tnh theo cng di hn
4. Fraction impervious (pervious): Kh nng thm nc
5. Sub-catchment: Lu vc theo l nh
6. Gutter flow characteristics: c im dng chy dc an rnh
7. pit entry capacities: Kh nng thu nc ti h thu
8. By pass flow: Dng chy trn qua h thu. Khi mt h thu khng thu c ht nc th mt
lng chy qua h thu .
Continue... (trunk drainage design)
1. Tributary streams: ng t thu (same to valley)
2. Realign (v): Nn tuyn
3. Overtop (v): Khi thit k cng cho php nc vt qua trong khong thi gian ngn (short
period) v khng lm h hi g ln (without causing any significant damages).
4. Rectangular concrete channel: Rnh ch nht
5. Upstream (n): Thng lu
6. Downstream (n): H lu
7. Detension Basin: H iu ho
8. Throttle (v): iu tit nc
9. Low (high) desity: Mt cao (thp)
10. Impervious >< Pervious: Khng thm nc >< Ht nc
11. Freeboard: Khong cch nc dng cho php tnh t cng trnh
12. Side slope: Dc bn

Tieng Anh Dien

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tieng Anh Dien

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

- Could, may,might+ have+ p2= c l ( din t mt kh nng xy ra qu kh song ngi ni zm

TTKK xin t dng gp vi li nha:

2. battery /'btri/ : bnh in , c quy

3. generator /'denreit/ : my pht in

6. resistivity /,rizis'tiviti/ : in tr sut

7. impedance /im'pi:dns/ : tr khng

8. conductance /kn'dktns/ : dn (n)

9. circuit /'s:kit/ : mch in

10. phase /feiz/ : pha

4. strand /strnd/ : dy in nhiu si nh

7. live wire /liv wai / : dy nng

9. ground wire /graund wai / : dy ni t

10. lightning down conductor : dy dn st xung t

4. isolator switch : cu dao ln

5. CB = circuit breaker : ngt in t ng

6. DB = distribution board /,distri'bju:n b:d/ : t in

8. jack /dk/ : u cm theo t in oxford . theo t in xy

9.series circuit /'siri:z 's:kit/ : mch ni tip

10. fault /f:lt/ : dng in ngn mch do s c [k bit dch th

2. ACR = automatic circuit recloser : my ct t ng li

3. ACE = area control error

4. ADC = analog digital converter : b bin i tng t s

5. AFC = automatic frequency control : iu khin tn s t

6. ALU = arithmatic and logic unit

7. AGC = automatic generation control : diu khin phn phi

8. AMR = automated meter reading : c in k t ng

9. ATS = automatic transfer switch : thit b chuyn ngun t

10. ARS = autoreclosing schemes : s t ng li t ng

4. fluorescent light /fluorescent/ : n hunh quang nh sng

6. recessed fixture /ri'ses/ : n m trn

7. emergency light /i'm:densi/ : n khn cp , t ng sng

8. halogen bulb /kw:ts 'hlouden blb/ : n halogen

9. incandescent daylight lamb /incandescent/ : n c nh sng

10 . neon light /'ni:n/ : n n ng

2. admittance relays : rle tng dn

3. amplidyne : khuch i quay

4. anti pumping divice : b phn chng ng lp i lp li ca

5. APGS = automatic protection group selection : la chn

6. apparent impedace : tng tr biu kin o c bi rle

9. balance point reach = setting tripping threshold : ngng tc

2. bushing current transformer : BI s

3. brushless exitation system : h thng kch thch khng chi

5. communication media : mi trng truyn tin

7. CPS = communication port switch : kha lin kt truyn tin

8. cold load pickup : dng t khi ng

9. current transformer : my bin dng BI

10. communication processor : b x l truyn tin

2. CAPM = control and protection module : khi bo v v iu

3. DC components /km'pounnt/ : thnh phn 1 chiu , khng

4. DAS = distribution automation system /,distri'bju:n/ : h

5. damping winding /'dmpi 'waindi / : cun cn

6. dead line : ng dy cha mang in

7. DFR = digital fault recorder /'diditl f:lt ri'k:d/ : b ghi s

8. definite time current caracteristic /'definit/ : c tnh dng

9. differentical protection : bo v so lch

10. directional comparison schemes : s so snh hng

1. magnet nam chm

3. Possitive :cc dng

4. Torque: mmen xon

6. Converter: b chnh lu c iu khin

Mt s t mnh mi hc v trang b in cho cu trc cn trc:

8. Back power resistor ccuirt in tr tiu tn nng lng

9. Gantry: c cu di chuyn gin

10. hoist c cu nng h hang