Row Date: Period: Adaptation Worksheet ‘Adaptation isan inherited trait (genetic) that inereases an organism's chance of survival. Adaptations can be anatomical, physiological, or behavioral (instinctual) and happen over many successive generations. An acclimation is a short term learned response to an environmental change. irele whether a sentence is an adaptation or an acelimation. 1. Dolphins learn to perform tricks to entertain humans. adaptation or acclimation 2. Leopard seals have a huge amount of body fat so they can withstand the cold ocean water. adaptation or acclimation 3, The Galapagos finch’s beak changes shape after each time a seed is opened using the beak, adaptation or acclimation 4. Chameleons change their skin color to hide in their surroundings. adaptation or acclimation 5. A lizard’s legs grew longer after they were broken from falling from a tll rock. adaptation or acclimation 6. Voleén Darwin tortoises of the Galapagos Islands have domed shell, adaptation or acelimation 7. Brown bears gain weight during the summer months so they can hibernate during the winter. adaptation or acclimation §, Redwood trees have a chemical called tannin that helps keep bugs and fungus away. adaptation or acclimation 9. A dog ignores a bee hive because it learned it will get stung, adaptation or acclimation 10, Migrating birds ly towards the equator during the winter months. adaptation or acelimation 11, A stronger baby finch takes food from a smaller sibling. adaptation or avetimation 12, Cheetahs are the fastest Jand animal so they can catch their prey. adaptation or acclimation 13, Ladybugs have a hard outer body called an exoskeleton. adaptation or acclimation 14, Fidaler crabs can alter the shape or sizeof their claw by using it more, adaptation or acclimation 15. Plants have vascular tissues that are used to transport minerals. adaptation oF acclimation 16, A raccoon Jost its hair in a fire and now is camouflaged . adaptation or acelimation 17, Camels have 3 eyelids so they can prevent sand from entering during a sand stom. adaptation or acclimation 18, Your puton a rain coat because you notice rain clouds overhead. adaptation or acclimation 19, A rat's hair was burned off and now the rats able to avoid predators because it has a different scent adaptation or acclimation 20. A cat hunts a bird in your backyard. adaptation or acclimation © Lesson Plans Inc. 2010Name, _ Date - Block Speciation Worksheet Identify which type of reproductive isolation is being show in each example below: G= geographic T= temporal B = behavioral 1. Two species of fireflies come out between the hours of 9-11 p.m. Each species has a unique pattern of flashes that attracts a mate. 2. Two species of plants sprout from the ground at different months in the year. ___3. Two species of frogs call from the water at the pond’s edge for a female. A. Two species of squirrels get stranded on either side of a grand canyon. 5, Two species of mountai lions live in a forest on either side of a large river, . Two species of songbirds call from a tree for a potential mate. _7. Two species of bowerbirds construct elaborate nests to attract a mate. ___8. Ten species of finches live on the Galapagos Islands. 9. Two species of foxes mate in different seasons. 10. Two species of beetles come out at different times of the day.Speciation Worksheet Read each of the following examples of speciation/evolution and determine which type of peciation (convergent evolution, geographic isolation, or coevolution) is best being described. 1. Porcupines in the United States have quills (spines) that are attached to their skins, When they fee! threatened, they can tense up their bodies causing the quills to "shoot out". These spiny quills can pierce the skin of attacking animals, causing injury and pain, Although not closely related to the porcupine, hedgehogs that live throughout parts of Europe also have protective spines that they use to defend themselves from attacking animals. 2. Kingsnakes are a fanily of snakes that usually eat other snakes, in the wild, Even though many of the snakes they eat a very poisonous, kingsnakes have the ability to not be affected by their poisons. Some of these poisonous snakes, like rattlesnakes have other defensive behaviors (other than biting) to try to “scare of f* the kngsnakes. 3. River otters that live in South American rivers eat fish and other smaller creatures they can capture. These animals have become reproductively isolated from the closely related sea otter, who live in the ocean waters along the Pacific coast, many thousands of miles away. 4, The flowers that bloom from the saquaro cactus have evolved a bright, white coloration to attract many of the bats they rely on to pollinate (fertilize) their flowers, Since they rely on the bats, they open their flowers at night, when the bats are active, The bats have the ability to hover (slightly) above the flowers and have a long tongue that can reach deep inside the flower. 5. Chameleons are lizard-like reptiles. Each of their two eyes can move in completely different directions, so they can see all the way around themselves. Sand lances are a type of fish that can also move their eyes like the chameleon, even though they are not at all related to one another. 6. Inthe United States, there are several species of poisonous scorpions that all evolved from one common ancestor, Although most of these scorpion species occupy similar niches, none of them can reproduce with one another. 7. Humans and most bird species have adapted the ability to see their worlds incolor vision. 8. Birds like parrots have evolved strong, thick beaks that they use to open and eat tough fruits and nuts, The fruits and nuts they eat are among the strongest and hardest to open in the world. 9. Octopus and squid live in seas throughout the world. Both have mouths with beaks, like parrots, that they use to cut and eat their prey with, These beaks are much like parrot's that live among the trees of the tropical forest. 2, In South America lives an alligator-like animal called a caimen, These animals have lifestyles and niches very similar to the American alligator, but have been reproductively isolated from them for mnillions of years.CONVERGENCE: MARSUPIALS AND PLACENTALS. ‘Marsupials in Australia and placental mammals in North America provide another example of convergent evolution. These two subclasses of mammals have adapted in similar ways to a particular food supply, locomotor skill, or climate. They seperated from some common ancestor more than 100 mya, and each lineage continued to evolve independently. Despite this great temporal and geographical separation, marsupials in Australia and placentals in North America have produced varieties of species living in similar habitats with similar ways of life. Their resemblances in overall shape, locomotor mode, and feeding and foraging are superimposed upon different modes of reproduction, the feature that accurately reflects their distinct evolutionary relationships. ‘Australia, a continent in the southern hemisphere, is the size of North America; 200 mya it was part of Gondwana, the large southern continent that included Africa, Madagascar, New Zealand, Antarctica, and South America. As Gondwana split up, Australia became isolated and has remained so for over 100 million years. Marsupials entered Australia before this separation and have evolved independently from placental mammals ever since. Marsupials had a similar and successful radiation in South America, which was also an island during this same time period. South America joined to North America as recently as 3 mya, through a land bridge, the Isthmus of Panama, Placental mammals invaded South America and replaced many marsupial species. Over 200 species of marsupials live in Australia, along with many fewer species of placentals. The marsupials have undergone an adaptive radiation to occupy the diversity of habitats in Australia, just as the placentals have radiated across North America. Color the placental embryo and adult within the map of North America, Placental mammals are so called because a placenta connects the growing embryo within the uterus to the mother's circulatory system. The placenta provides the pathway for nourishing the fetus. This allows it to reach higher level of maturity of bedy and brain prior to birth, Placental mammals invest more time and energy thar marsupials in this early stage of growth. Placentals are much more numerous in North America and on most other continents than are marsupials. Using a shade of the color you used for (a), color the adult marsupial and joey shown within the map of Australia, ‘Marsupial young begin life in the uterus but leave to enter the marsupium or pouch while they still qualify ‘as embryos, With immature forelimbs they crawl into the pouch where they remain to complete their development. With their well-developed mouth and ability to suckle, they attach themselves to a teat to obtain milk. Color each pair of animals, marsupial and placental, as they are discussed before moving on to the next Pair. Choose two shades of a color for (b) and (b1). Choose two shades of a different color for (c) and (€1). Continue in 1 ‘manner. Marsupial mice, like placental mice in North America, are small, agile climbers inhabiting low shrubs. They live in dense ground cover and forage at night for small food items The two mice exhibit similarities in size and body shape, and each group has numerous species. Flying phalangerss resemble flying squirrels. Both are gliders ‘that eat insects and plants. Both the phalanger and squirrel have skin stretched between forelimbs and hindlimbs to provide greater surface area for gliding from one tree to the next. ‘Marsupial moles, like common moles in North America, burrow through soft soil to find and eat insects. The streamlined body shape, and the modified forelimbs for digging, facilitate an underground, insect-eating way of life. Velvety fur expedites smooth movement through the soil. The fur is white to orange in the marsup. mole and gray in the North American mole. The wombat, like the North American groundhog, uses rodentlike teeth to eat roots and other plants.Both cnimals excavate burrows Rabbit-eored bandicoots resemble rabbits in North America. Both these animals have well- developed hindlimbs, which reflect their hopping form of locomotion, and their long ears emphasize the important role of hearing, The bandicoots have varied diets - some eat insects and plants; rabbits are exclusively vegetarian, The Tasmanian wolf, a carnivorous marsupial resembling the placental wolf, inhabited main- land Australia as well es Tasmania, Its limb bones were long and adapted for running, and the skull and sharp teeth were adapted for tearing meat. Because it sometimes preyed on sheep and cattle, ranchers started a campaign to exterminate it (about 1900). The last Tasmanian wolf died in the Hobart Zoo in 1936 Marsupial and placental mammals of Australia and North America illustrate one example of evolutionary convergence, where species not closely related resemble each other because they fill simi- lar niches in each continent. In rain forest habitats of West Africa and South America, for example, or in the deserts of North ‘America and Africa, other convergences in anitnal and plant life can be Found. AUSTRALIAN MARSUPIALS Gg) se ith presen fron Te Hunn Ewin Cling Bec, Scan ition, 2000, by Aéiene Zina, A, rece by Clrng Cones Te ope by Harper