Lady Ann C. Yap Dr.

Loida Suarez
MW 7:00 8:30pm July 8, 2013
ASSIGNMENT #6
PART 1: MAN-MADE ART AND NATURE ART

Man-Made Art is art made by humans. Not of natural origin; prepared or made artificially;

Example:

Nature Art is art produced by nature or things in nature that made or formed into art naturally.

Example:
 PART 2: THE MEDIUM OF MUSIC

The Strings Instruments are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings.

Violin
The violin, which is probably the best known orchestral instrument, is a
stringed instrument that is played with a bow. The violin is the highest
pitched member of the violin family, which also includes the viola, the cello,
and the double bass. The violin consists of several main parts: the front, the
ribs, the neck, the fingerboard, the pegbox, the scroll, the bridge, the
tailpiece, and the f-holes. The front, also known as the top, belly, or
soundboard is usually made of well-seasoned spruce, while the back is made
of well-seasoned maple.

Viola
The viola is the second highest pitched member of the violin family. It has
four strings tuned to the notes c, g, d, and a. Music for the viola is written in
the alto clef. Violas vary in size, although they are always larger and tuned
lower than violins. The viola plays an important part in the symphony,
although its solo repertory is limited.

Cello
The cello, also known as violoncello, is a stringed instrument which is part
of the violin family. It is played with a bow much like the violin. It is also
shaped liked a violin but is much larger. The cello is about four feet long and
one and a half feet across at its widest part and, therefore, this member of the
violin family is played sitting down. Supported by an end pin which is placed on
the floor, the cello is then placed between the knees of the musician and played
with a large bow. The cello, like a violin, also has four strings and notes are
changed on the instrument when the musician changes his or her fingerings on the neck of the
instrument. The cello's range can, therefore, extend over more than four octaves.

Double Bass
The double bass (also known as the string bass, bass viol, or contrabass) is
the largest and lowest pitched string instrument of the violin family. It is usually
six feet high and has four strings. Some basses have an optional mechanism that
allows the player to lengthen one string, therefby lowering the pitch. To create
sound, the player's left hand sets the pitch on the neck of the bass while the right
hand either plucks the strings or uses a bow across them.

Harp
is a multi-string instrument which has the plane of its strings
positioned perpendicularly to the soundboard. Organologically, it is in the
general category of chordophones (stringed instruments) and has its own
sub category (the harps). All harps have a neck, resonator and strings.
Some, known as frame harps, also have a pillar; those without the pillar
are referred to as open harps. Depending on its size, which varies, a harp
may be played while held in the lap or while it stands on a table, or on the
floor. Harp strings may be made of nylon, gut, wire or silk. On smaller
harps, like the folk harp, the core string material will typically be the same
for all strings on a given harp.
The Woodwind Instruments (also called woodwinds) are a family of musical instruments
within the more general category of wind instruments. Woodwind instruments produce sound
when air (wind) is blown inside.

Piccolo

The piccolo is a type of transverse flute that is

pitched an octave above the concert (or standard) flute. It has a range of nearly three octaves and
reaches the highest pitches of a modern orchestra. It is usually used for special effects in
orchestras but is more widely used in concert and marching bands. It is played in the same
manner as a flute would be played.

Flute
The flute is the instrument that serves
as the soprano voice in most bands,
orchestras, and woodwind groups. Most
flutes are made of metal and consist chiefly of a tube with a mouthpiece near one end. The
musician holds the flute horizontally and blows across an oval shaped hole in the mouthpiece. At
the same time, the musician presses levers on the flute, called keys. The keys, when depressed
and released, open and close tone holes on the flute to produce different notes. The concert flute,
which is tuned in the key of C, is the most popular flute and has a three octave range.

English Horn
The English Horn is part of the
oboe family. It is also called an alto
oboe because it is tuned one-fifth lower in pitch than an oboe. Its shape is similar to that of an
oboe and is often played by the third oboe player in an orchestra.
Oboe

The oboe is the smallest and highest pitched double reed

instrument. It has a cylindrical wooden body with keys
along the length of its body. The oboe has a range of about three octaves but is extremely
difficult to play. The oboe requires a lot of air to play, and the musician must learn proper
breathing techniques.

Clarinet

The clarinet, a member of the woodwind family, usually consists of a

long tube with a mouthpiece at one end and a bell-shaped opening at the
other end. Usually made of wood, the clarinet has tone holes that are covered
by small metal levers. To create sound, the musician blows on a flat cane
reed that is attached to the mouthpiece. As the reed vibrates, a full, rich tone
is produced. By pushing the keys to close and open the tone holes on the
instrument, the pitches of the tone can be changed. Clarinets are
manufactured in four keys; the most common band instrument is the B-flat
clarinet. This clarinet has a range of about three-and-one-half octaves.

Bass Clarinet
The bass clarinet is considerably larger than the Bb clarinet - more than a meter
(approximately 40 inch) tall, having keys of nearly half a meter (20 inch) in
length. The barrel is an S-bent metal piece, and the bell is bent up and forward
like a saxophone's. The instrument is much to heavy to hold in your hands while
you play so you either use the thorn (pointy or with a rubber ball) or a special
carrying construction usually fixed around shoulders and chest.
 Bassoon

The bassoon is a double reed instrument. It is made up of about eight feet of

cylindrical wood tubing. There are four joints in the bassoon: the bass joint, the
tenor join, the double joint, and the bell joint. The bell joint is slightly flared
and is attached at the bottom to the bass joint. This is set in turn to the tenor
joint which is then set into the double joint. The double reed mouthpiece is
attached to a crook in the tenor joint. The bassoon usually has about ten key
controlled holes on the body as well has eight finger holes. The musician plays
the bassoon by putting his or her lips on the double reed, blowing through the
instrument, and changing fingerings on the keys and holes to create different
tones.

DOUBLE BASSOON
The double bassoon is the contrabass instrument in the woodwind section and,
together with the contrabass tuba, the deepest instrument in the orchestra. The
Double bassoon is the largest instrument in the oboe family.
A Brass Instrument is a musical instrument that produces sound by sympathetic vibration of air
in a tubular resonator in sympathy with the vibration of the player's lips. Brass instruments are
also called labrosones, literally meaning "lip-vibrated instruments".

Trumpet
The trumpet is a popular brass instrument that is played
in both bands and orchestras. The trumpet player produces
tones by vibrating his or her lips and blowing into a cup-
shaped mouthpiece. Notes on the trumpet can be changed
by changing fingerings on the trumpet's three valves and by changing lip tension. Most modern
bands use trumpets that are pitched in the key of B flat and have a tube of four and a half feet.
This tube makes up the majority of the instrument.

French Horn
The French horn, or the orchestral horn, is a member of the
brass family, and consists of a metal tube that is about twelve feet
long. The tube is coiled into a circular shape which flares into a
bell at the base of the instrument. A musician plays the French
horn by vibrating his or her lips in funnel shaped mouthpiece. The
musician can then change the pitch of the instrument by moving
the three valves and by changing his or her lip tension. The valves
are usually fingered with the musician's left hand while the
musician places his or her right hand in the bell of the instrument
to create additional pitches and variations in tone qualities.
Trombone
The trombone is a brass-wind instrument that is most typically used as the tenor
voice in a brass section. It has a cup-shaped mouthpiece, a slide mechanism, and
a nine foot tube that is folded to overlap in the center. Most trombones are made
out of brass though some are sometimes nickel-plated. With the slide closed, the
trombone produces the third B-flat below middle C as its fundamental note.
Some orchestras also use bass trombones which have a lower fundamental note.

Tuba
Tuba is the general name for several musical instruments which
are the newest additions to the brass family. Tubas are the largest
instruments in the brass family and also have the lowest pitch. The
tuba, unlike most other brass instruments is held vertically when it
is played. Sound is produced when the musician vibrates his or her
lips into a cup shaped mouthpiece. Notes can then be changed
when the musician changes his or her lip tension or fingering on
the instrument's valves.
A Percussion Instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by
a beater (including attached or enclosed beaters or rattles), or struck, scraped or rubbed by hand,
or struck against another similar instrument. The percussion family is believed to include the
oldest musical instruments, following the human voice.

Triangle
The triangle is another commonly used percussion instrument. The
instrument is made by bending a steel rod into a triangle shape with an
opening at one corner. It is suspended by a string and struck with a
steel beater to produce a tone. The instrument has been used in Europe
since the 14th century.

Chimes
Tubular bells (also known as chimes) are musical instruments in the
percussion family. Each bell is a metal tube, 3038 mm (11
inches) in diameter, tuned by altering its length. Its standard range is
from C4-F5, though many professional instruments reach G5 (see
photo). Tubular bells are often replaced by studio chimes, which are
a smaller and usually less expensive instrument. Studio chimes are
similar in appearance to tubular bells, but each bell has a smaller
diameter than the corresponding bell on tubular bells.

Cymbals
are a common percussion instrument. Cymbals
consist of thin, normally round plates of various
alloys; see cymbal making for a discussion of
their manufacture. The majority of cymbals are of
indefinite pitch, although small disc-shaped
cymbals based on ancient designs sound a definite note.
Kettledrums
Timpani, or kettledrums, are musical
instruments in the percussion family. A
type of drum, they consist of a skin called
a head stretched over a large bowl
traditionally made of copper. They are
played by striking the head with a
specialized drum stick called a timpani stick or timpani mallet. Timpani evolved from military
drums to become a staple of the classical orchestra by the last third of the 18th century.

Glockenspiel
Is a percussion instrument composed of a set of tuned
keys arranged in the fashion of the keyboard of a
piano. In this way, it is similar to the xylophone;
however, the xylophone's bars are made of wood,
while the glockenspiels are metal plates or tubes, thus
making it a metallophone. The glockenspiel,
moreover, is usually smaller and higher in pitch.
A keyboard Instrument is an instrument that is played by pressing the keys of a keyboard. In a
keyboard, the notes are arranged with naturals (usually white notes) forming the main body of
the keyboard, and sharps and flats (usually black notes) placed in cuttings into the upper half of
the naturals.

Piano
The piano (or pianoforte to give it its proper name) is a
musical instrument with a keyboard. A normal piano has 88
keys. Pianos use the keys to move hammers that hit strings
inside, making a sound. Pianos come in two basic shapes:
grand pianos and upright pianos. The piano has been an
extremely popular instrument in Western classical music
since the late 18th century. A person who plays the piano is
called a pianist.

A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means

of a keyboard. It produces sound by plucking a string
when a key is pressed."Harpsichord" designates the
whole family of similar plucked keyboard instruments,
including the smaller virginals, muselar, and spinet.

Organ
In music, a keyboard instrument, operated by the players
hands and feet, in which pressurized air produces notes through
a series of pipes organized in scalelike rows. The term organ
encompasses reed organs and electronic organs but, unless
otherwise specified, is usually understood to refer to pipe
organs. Although it is one of the most complex of all musical
instruments, the organ has the longest and most involved
history and the largest and oldest extant repertoire of any instrument in Western music.
 Lady Ann C. Yap Dr. Loida Suarez
MW 7:00 8:30pm July 10, 2013
ASSIGNMENT # 6
PART 3: A COLOR SPECTRUM

YELLOW YELLOW
ORANGE YELLOW GREEN

ORANGE GREEN

RED BLUE
GREY GREEN
WARM ORANGE COOL
COLORS COLORS

RED BLUE

RED VIOLET BLUE

VIOLET VIOLET
INTENSITY OR SATURATION
Intensity is the strength of the colors hue. It refers to the quality of light in a color.
Red, for instance, may be seen as bright red if only red rays of light are reflected. But if any of
the complementary green rays were reflected in it, the effect will be a duller color. If green and
red were balanced, the resultant color will be a neutral gray.
Hues become less intense (dull) when pigments are mixed with them. When we add
white, the color becomes lighter in value and therefore loses its intensity. When black is added,
the intensity diminishes as the value darkens. When gray is added, the result will be a variation
in intensity.
Many colors may be formed by mixing two or more colors. There are, however, three
colors which we cannot form from mixtures because they are, in a sense, pure colors. These are
red, blue, and yellow. These colors are called primaries. Framed in a triangular pattern, they are
called the color triad. When these colors are mixed in pairs, they can produce all other colors that
we know of. A mixture of all these results in gray.
The color formed out of the combination of two primaries is called a secondary color.
Thus, we derive orange from the mixture of yellow and red; green, from yellow and blue; and
violet, from blue and red.
We continue to form other colors by mixing a primary and secondary color. Yellow
and green combined produce yellow-green or chartreuse, blue and green produce blue-green or
aqua, and so on. The colors that result from such combinations are called intermediate colors.