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02.fundmentals of Rectifiers Power System
02.fundmentals of Rectifiers Power System
Supply System
Training CenterJianbo Gong
Tel86-0755-26862543
Email:gjb@emersonnetwork.com.cn
Content
z Power Supply Function
z Power Supply Principle
z Switch Mode Power Supply
z Critical Technology of PS
z Network Power Total Solution
2 Emerson Confidential
Basic Principle
3 Emerson Confidential
Telecom Power System
Power
Switch
220V / 380VAC
Bus
bar
48VDC
Transmission
Battery
4 Emerson Confidential
Rectifying
Power
Power
supply
supply Switch
Switch
Bus
220/380VAC
Bus
48VDC
Transmission
Transmission
Bar
Bar
z 1. AC DC rectifying
5 Emerson Confidential
B attery Management
Battery -Battery Discharge
Management-Battery
Power
Power
supply
supply Switch
Switch
Bus
220/380VAC
Bus
48VDC
Transmission
Transmission
Bar
Bar
Battery
Battery
6 Emerson Confidential
B attery management
Battery -Charge
management-Charge
Power
Power
supply
supply Switch
Switch
Bus
Bus
220/380VAC
48VDC
Transmission
Transmission
Bar
Bar
Battery
Battery
7 Emerson Confidential
Primary functions
z 1. AC DC rectifying
8 Emerson Confidential
Manage the battery(1)
z Charge Voltage
FC (Floating charge) 53.5V
Complement the charge loss for self-discharge in
the battery
EC (Equalizing charge) 56.4V
Quickly charge
Make the performance of each battery accordant
9 Emerson Confidential
Equalizing Charge
Power
Power
supply
supply Switch
Switch
Bus
220/380VAC
Bus
Transmission
Transmission
Bar
Bar
Battery
Battery
Not full 56.4VDC
10 Emerson Confidential
Floating Charge
Power
Power
supply
supply Switch
Switch
Bus
220/380VAC
Bus
Transmission
Transmission
Bar
Bar
Battery
Battery
53.5VDC
full
11 Emerson Confidential
Manage the battery(2)
z Charge Current
12 Emerson Confidential
Example
z C10
Capacity (discharging all in 10 hours)
z Example
C10=1000AH
Charge current limit =100A ~150A
13 Emerson Confidential
Content
z Power Supply Function
z Power Supply Principle
z Switch Mode Power Supply
z Critical Technology of PS
z Network Power Total Solution
14 Emerson Confidential
Telecom power supply system
R S485
A C O u tp u t
48VDC
R e c tifyin g
DC Distribution
m o d u le
AC Distribution
A C In p u t R e c tifyin g
m o d u le
sampling
sampling
R e c tifyin g
Current
Current
m o d u le
R S485
P o w e r s u p p ly s ys te m R S 2 3 2 /4 8 5
B a c k g ro u n d m o n ito rin g
M o n ito rin g B a tte ry 1
F a ilu re m o d u le
c a ll b a c k
MODEM B a tte ry 2
PSTN
MODEM
R e m o te
m o n ito rin g L o ca l
m o n ito rin g
A u to ro u n d e d d e te c tio n
MODEM
15 Emerson Confidential
Telecom power supply system
AC DC
Distributor Distributor
Monitoring
Rectifiers Module
16 Emerson Confidential
Function of each Unit
z Rectifiercore partAC/DC
z AC Distributiondistribute AC
z DC Distributiondistribute DC
z Monitormonitoring, controlbattery
management
17 Emerson Confidential
Rectifier
z Convert AC to DC
z At least 2 rectifiers
18 Emerson Confidential
AC Distribution Unit
z AC access
z Distribute AC
for rectifiers
19 Emerson Confidential
DC Distribution Unit
z Distribute DC for
load equipment
20 Emerson Confidential
Monitor
z Monitoring
z Battery Management
z Provide standard communication ports, for
remote monitoring
21 Emerson Confidential
PS Series
Capacity Small Medium Large
Capacity (A) <300 300-600 600-6000
22 Emerson Confidential
PS Series
Large capacity
PS481000-2/100
PS481000-5/100
Small capacity
PS48100/25
PS48300/25 Medium capacity
PS48300-3/25 PS48400-2/50
PS48600-2/50
23 Emerson Confidential
Content
z Power Supply Function
z Power Supply Principle
z Switch Mode Power Supply
z Critical Technology of PS
z Network Power Total Solution
24 Emerson Confidential
Switch Mode Power Supply
z Three Kinds of DC power
z Switch Mode Power Supply Principle
z Typical Circuit Analysis
25 Emerson Confidential
Three Kinds of DC Power
Power tube principle power
26 Emerson Confidential
Linear Power Supply
c VT1 e
+ RC2 RS +
Ube1 R2 Io
Ib1
b Uc2
IRc2 Ic2
Ui VT2
c Ib2 RL Uo
b
e Ube2
VDZ R1 UR1
- -
UoUR1UbeIb2Ic2Uc2Ib1Uce1Uo
27 Emerson Confidential
Phase control power
UQ IQ L
+
Q
IL
g
T
Ui
U1 U2 C RL Uo
220V AC D
28 Emerson Confidential
Working waveform
U1
U2
(a ) 0 o
o
180 360
* t1 *t
Ig
IQ
(b ) 0 o o
* t1 180 360 *t
UQ
(c )
0
o o
180 360
* t1 *t
Uo
(d ) 0
180
o
360
o
* t1 *t
29 Emerson Confidential
Switch mode power supply principle
D
L
+
Q High +
frequency
converter
+
Voltage/pulse Vs Sampling L
converter voltage
o
C a
Ui Error -
d Uo
amplifier
Vref
Reference
voltage
- -
30 Emerson Confidential
PWM IC structure Block diagram
UREF Error
- Error signal
Feedbacksigna l +
amplifier
Uc -
Comparator Channel A
UF G1
+
Trigger Q Channel B
Oscillator CP G2
Oscillator
Q
output Us FF
31 Emerson Confidential
PWM-Working Wave
PWM-Working
us uc
t
C omp ar ato r
o utp ut
t
FF Q
term in a l
o u tp u t
t
FF Q
t e r m i na l o ut p u t
t
C ha n ne l A
t
Channel B
32 Emerson Confidential
DC/DC Convert
invert
DC1
AC1
310V
transformer
rectify
DC2
AC2
48V filter
33 Emerson Confidential
Switch Mode Power Supply
z Three Kinds of DC power
z Switch Mode Power Supply Principle
z Typical Circuit Analysis
34 Emerson Confidential
Switch mode power principle diagram
Main circuit
DC/DC converter
T?
- +
AC
mains DC
Error amplifier
PWM sampling
controller
oscillator reference
Control circuit
35 Emerson Confidential
Rectifier
indication 3 2 Auxiliary power 1
Input filter
input
output
36 Emerson Confidential
Two -ends converter
Two-ends
L
+ Q1 D1 D3
T
+
D4
Ui R1 Uo
C
-
D2
- Q2
L
+ + -
T
+ + +
Ui R1 Uo
C
-
- -
37 Emerson Confidential
Two -ends converter
Two-ends
L
+ Q1 D1 D3
T
+
D4
Ui R1 Uo
C
-
D2
- Q2
L
+ D1 - D3 + - +
T
- - +
Ui R1 Uo
C
-
D2 + +
38 Emerson Confidential
Working waveform
U g
Ton ToFF
o t
U N p
U i
o
t
-U i
I N p I N p
I T
Io /n IN s /n I N p IN s /n I N p
o
IN s /n IN s /n t
IL
Io Io
o
Ts t
TS 1
U c
Um
39 Emerson Confidential
Full bridge converting circuit
+ Q1 Q3 L
D1 D3 D5
T
C1 +
Ui Uo
C2 R
Q2 Np D6
Q4 D4 -
D2 Ns
40 Emerson Confidential
Q1,Q4 conduct and current continued
+ Q3 L
D1 D3 D5 + -
T
C1 + +
Uo
Ui - R
Q2 - C2
D4 Np -
D2 Ns
+
-
+ Q1 Q3 L
D1 D3 RT D5 - +
T +
C1 +
-
Ui -
+ Uo
C2 R
Q2 + D6
Q4 D4 Np -
D2 -
Ns RT
-
41 Emerson Confidential
Q 2,Q3 conduct and current continued
Q2,Q3
+ Q1 L
D1 D3 + -
T +
C1 +
-
Ui R Uo
+ D6 C2
Q4 D4 -
D2 Np -
Ns +
-
+ Q1 Q3 L
D1 D3 RT D5 - +
T
C1 - +
+
Ui +
- Uo
C2 R
Q2 - D6
Q4 D4 Np -
D2 +
Ns RT
-
42 Emerson Confidential
Working Waveform
U g s (Q 1 )
o
t
U g s (Q 2 )
o
t
U d s (Q 1 )
Ui
U i /2
o t
U d s (Q 2 )
Ui
Ui /2
o
t
UN p
Ui
UT t
o
-U T
-U i
ID 5
IL
o
t
ID 6 IL
t
o
43 Emerson Confidential
Switch Mode Power Supply
z Three Kinds DC power
z Switch Mode Power Supply Principle
z Typical Circuit Analysis
44 Emerson Confidential
R ectifier typical principle diagram
Rectifier
AC input Bridge Soft start Power Output
filtering rectifying circuit translation rectifying &
& filtering circuit output filtering
circuit
Sc
ai
Drive circuit
m
pr
lcu
i
n i
gt
Current
sharing
Auxiliary power circuit
supply of Input/output
Pulse width Voltage/current
voltage modulation isolating circuit comparator
stablizing Fan fault circuit amplifying circuit
circuit protection
circuit
Reference
power supply
AC
48DVC
45 Emerson Confidential
Typical Main circuit
Soft start
L102 K101 DC-DC translation
V04
V1 Q3
R129
C117 DV302 L21
- + T01 L23
C116 R126
AC C118 C106 +
C114
N10 C205 C212
C113
C213 DC
V2 Q4
V304 -
EMI filtering
Softsrart FL01
Secondary filtering
46 Emerson Confidential
Sampling circuit
+ R205 +
D202
R207
RP21
Vf
DC DC
R208 R204
C201 R208
C202
- R203
FL01
_
If
UB
47 Emerson Confidential
Input soft start circuit
VCC1 VCC2
V106 R116
V109
R103 K101
R123
7
N11:A
3
VA + R126
6 V103
2 C114
-
N10 C113
R104
48 Emerson Confidential
A uxiliary power supply
Auxiliary
vp+ R44 L9
D39 -5v
1 T3 5 R45
C3 D17
C79 2 6 C94
R89
4 8
R24 7815
PWM Q11
3844 VCC1
controller L1
J5
R42 R25
49 Emerson Confidential
Protection Circuit
z Output protection
Current limitshort-circuit fold back protection
output over-voltage protection.
z Input protection
Input over/under voltage protection, soft start.
z Other protection
Primary part over-current protectionfan fault
protection (alarm), over temperature protection.
50 Emerson Confidential
Feedback control and current limit circuit
U7
SG3525
2
Vref + 9
1
Vf -
If Iref
RV1 VCC
D5
8
3 U6A
+ 1
2 358
-
-5V
51 Emerson Confidential
Reference and Short -circuit fold back circuit
Short-circuit
VCC VCC
Iref
C74
RX
52 Emerson Confidential
Primary part over -current protection circuit
over-current
Vcc
D15
R76
D1
CT1 R2
8
3 D16
+ 1 R31
R77 C71 R1 C41 2 U4A
-
4
Vref
53 Emerson Confidential
DC output overvoltage protection circuit
Vcc VO Vcc
R99
R96
D33 R124
R98
D24
RV4
R97
8
D34 3 D4
+ 1
2 U7A
-
C55 D32
4
R73
54 Emerson Confidential
Fan fault protection circuit
VCC2
R116 R102
Fan N12 A R110
7
SHUT
3 V107 V11
+ 6 V102
2
C103 -
105
V12 C105
4
R109
R108
U2
U3
o
U6
o
Normal to Fault
55 Emerson Confidential
AC input over/under voltage protection circuit
over/under
R116
Vcc2
Vcc2 R83
8
R75
5
8
+ R82
7 5 R26
6 U4B + 7
- 6 U5B
-
C85 R29 358 393
R30
4
Overvoltage comparator
4
Vref1
R115
R110 R109
Vref2 Vcc2 R80
R107
8
Vp+ R79 3
+ R27
1
2 U5A
-
393
R78
Undervoltage comparator
4
56 Emerson Confidential
Content
z Power Supply Function
z Power Supply Principle
z Switch Mode Power Supply
z Critical Technology of PS
z Network Power Total Solution
57 Emerson Confidential
Critical Technology of PS
Current Sharing
PFC
Soft Switch
Monitoring
58 Emerson Confidential
Current Sharing Technology
V I1 V I2 V In
VIT
HD4850 HD4850
HD4850
Current sharing
Current sharing Current sharing
adjust
adjust adjust
V BUS
_
59 Emerson Confidential
Current Imbalance Calculation
n=In /Hn- Ii / Hi
n Rectifier n current imbalance
In Rectifier n output current
Hn Rectifier n rated current
60 Emerson Confidential
Current Imbalance Calculation
Normally required n 5%
Application
IMax-Imin5%H n
61 Emerson Confidential
Critical Technology of PS
Current Sharing
PFC
Soft Switch
Monitoring
62 Emerson Confidential
What is PF?
Power Factor = active power /apparent power
63 Emerson Confidential
Active PFC Principle
U
I'
64 Emerson Confidential
Active PFC Principle
L
D5
D1 D2
220V Q
C
Load
D3 D4
I'
65 Emerson Confidential
Critical Technology of PS
Current Sharing
PFC
Soft Switch
Monitoring
66 Emerson Confidential
Switching Tube
D Drain
D
G G
Gate
S
S Source
GDS
MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET
C
C
G IMOS IBJT
G Gate
IC
E E
aIGBT
IGBT Symbol bIGBTR
IGBT equivalent circuit
67 Emerson Confidential
Hard switch and its switching process
(A)
v v
(B)
i i
v v
(C)
i i
No introduction
With introduction
(D)
p p
68 Emerson Confidential
Resonance switch and its switching process
D
L
S C RL
(a)
i
Series resonace
v v
D
i v i
L
S C Switching on process Switching off process
(b)
RL
Parallel resonance
69 Emerson Confidential
Soft Switch Principle
D
i
L v
S v
(a)
i v i
C Switching Switching
on off
Zero voltage switchZVS process process
L
S
(b)
70 Emerson Confidential
Phase shift full bridge converting circuit
+
Tr1 D1 Tr4 D4
Tr D
C
Vs I I
B
A
Tr3 D3 Tr2 D2
- Llk Lf
Vo
Vs'
+
+
Cf R
- -
71 Emerson Confidential
Critical Technology of PS
Current Sharing
PFC
Soft Switch
Monitoring
72 Emerson Confidential
Three Remote Items
z Remote signalingmeasure switch signal
z Remote Measurementmeasure analog signal
z Remote ControlControl state signal,
Limiting current, on/off rectifier, equalizing/floating
73 Emerson Confidential
Structures of monitoring system
Background control center (PC)
PSTN
PC
PC
Modem Modem Modem
RS-232/RS-485 RS-232/RS-485
74 Emerson Confidential
Two Kinds of Monitoring System
z Distributed monitoring systemsuit for Multiple
cabinet/single cabinet system
collect data from the corresponding part respectively, and
the monitor display and manage the data in the
centralized mode, and easily expand.
75 Emerson Confidential
Centralized Monitoring System
Centralized
76 Emerson Confidential
Distributed Monitoring S
Monitoring ystem
System
RS485
AC Cabinet
PSM-A
RS485 RS485
DC Cabinet
Rectifier
77 Emerson Confidential
Monitoring Unit of AC Distribution
Air
breaker Isolation Isolation RS-485
Input
alarm interface
contactor
Audio Buzzer
Lightning alarm
-arrester watch dog C control
fault interface
contactor Visible
P Indicator
alarm
AC virtual
input value
signal conversion U Display
AC failure DC contactor
relay for emergency
V/F Isolation lighting
output
78 Emerson Confidential
Monitoring Unit of DC Distribution
Main voltage
Analog
Load current values Isolation
Fault Light/audio
V/F Isolation
Batt. current On-offs C diagnostics alarms output
Load fuse
watchdog
Data
Isolation U
acquisition
Temp.
isolation Drive
sensor
79 Emerson Confidential
Monitoring Unit of the Rectifier
Full Zero LED
scale display
Watch
C dog
Voltage
Signal
processing Isolation Measurement
Current EPROM
interface P
Module
Address
Alarm U setting
Isolation Control
signal
interface
RS-485
ON-OFF Control
EC/FC control Isolation Manual
Current limiting Fault
control Isolation indication
Voltage
tuning Isolation
Buzzer
80 Emerson Confidential
Diagram of the centralized monitoring module
CPU
Switch Switch Communication
value value serial ports
collection detect
Rectifier
module control
Alarm output
81 Emerson Confidential
Voltage Measurement
L o w D C v o lt a g e
AC/DC
AC input DC voltage
Transformer
82 Emerson Confidential
DC Current Measurement
83 Emerson Confidential
A
ACC Current Measurement
AC/DC
84 Emerson Confidential
AC frequency Measurement
A
+ Frequency
- division Counting
C
B
85 Emerson Confidential
Detection of the load fuse state
Vcc
Fuse
Load
B
-48V
86 Emerson Confidential
Detection of the Battery Fuse State
VCC
Bus bar
A amplifier comparator
U1
Fuse
V0
U2
B
Battery
VEE
UAB=0, V0 is high; UAB 200mV and UAB200mV, V0 is low.
87 Emerson Confidential
Content
z Power Supply Function
z Power Supply Principle
z Switch Mode Power Supply
z Critical Technology of PS
z Network Power Total Solution
88 Emerson Confidential
Network Power Total Solution
Telecom Power Supply
Diesel Generator
UPS
TVSS
Communication
Machine Room
PPC Battery
PSMS
89 Emerson Confidential
Network Power Total Solution
AC input Power load
AC Main
Power
Supply
DC
Switch
TVSS
ATS
battery
Air conditioner
UPS PPC
Diesel Generator
AC
Battery
LAN LAN
PSMS (Power and Environment Monitoring System
90 Emerson Confidential
End
Thank You
91 Emerson Confidential
Summary
z Power Supply Function
z Power Supply Principle
z Switch Mode Power Supply
z Critical Technology of PS
z Network Power Total Solution
92 Emerson Confidential