S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

S NGUYN L H
THNG LNH V CU
TO CC THIT B
CHNH
Bi:
inh Vn Thun

S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B

CHNH

S nguyn l

S nguyn l h thng lnh kho bo qun tng i a dng. C hai dng ph bin
nht hay s dng l gii nhit bng gi (dn ngng) v gii nhit bng nc (bnh
ngng). Trc kia ngi ta hay s dng kiu gii nhit bng gi, tuy nhin qua thc
t s dng, nhn thy nhng ngy ma h nng nc hiu qu gii nhit km, nhiu h
thng p sut ngng t kh cao, thm ch r le p sut cao ngt khng hot ng c.
V d Nng, ma h nhiu ngy t 38oC, khi s dng dn ngng gii nhit bng
gi, th nhit ngng t c th t 48oC, nu kho s dng R22, p sut tng ng l
18,543 bar. Vi p sut r le p sut cao HP s ngt dng my, iu ny rt nguy
him, sn phm c th b h hng. p sut t ca r le HP thng l 18,5 kG/cm2.

V vy, hin nay ngi ta thng s dng bnh ngng trong cc h thng lnh ca kho
lnh bo qun. Xt v kinh t gii php s dng bnh ngng theo kinh nghim chng ti
vn r v c th d dng ch to hn so vi dn ngng gii nhit bng khng kh.

Trn hnh 2-13 gii thiu s nguyn l h thng lnh thng s dng cho cc kho
lnh bo qun trong cc x nghip ch bin thu sn hin nay.

im c bit trong s nguyn l ny l bnh ngng kim lun chac nng bnh cha
cao p. i vi bnh ngng kiu ny, cc ng trao i nhit ch b tr phn trn ca
bnh.

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S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

Vi vic s dng bnh ngng bnh cha, h thng n gin, gn hn v gim chi ph
u t. Tuy nhin, nhit lng trong bnh thng ln hn so vi h thng c bnh cha
ring, nn p sut ngng t cao v hiu qu lm lnh c gim.

1- My nn lnh; 2- Bnh ngng; 3- Dn lnh; 4- Bnh tch lng;

5- Thp gii nhit; 6- Bm gii nhit; 7- Kho lnh

Hnh 2-13: S nguyn l h thng kho lnh

Chn thit b chnh

Chn my nn

Nng sut lnh i a s cc kho lnh bo qun trong cng nghip l cng sut trung
bnh, nng sut lnh nm trong khong 7,5 n 40 kW. Vi cng sut nh vy, thch hp
nht l s dng my nn piston kiu na kn, trong mt s trng hp cng sut nh c
th s dng my nn kiu kn.

Trn hnh 2-14 gii thiu cu to ca my nn piston kiu na kn. Hin nay c hai
chng my nn na kn c s dng rt ph bin nc ta, l my lnh COPELAND
(M) v Bitzer (c)

My nn s dng cho cc loi kho lnh thng s dng l cc my piston mt cp kiu

h hoc na kn. Hin nay trong nhiu nh my ch bin thu sn ca Vit nam ngi
ta thng s dng my nn COPELAND (M). My nn COPELAND cng sut nh

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S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

v trung bnh l loi my nn pitston kiu na kn. My nn Pitston kiu na kn ca

COPELAND c 02 loi c in (conventional) v kiu a (discus). My nn discus
c van kiu a lm tng nng sut n 25% v tit kim chi ph nng lng 16%. Trn
hnh 2-15 l c cu van a lm gim th tch cht v lm tng nng sut ht thc ca
my nn.

1- Rto ng c; 2- Bc trc; 3- Tm hm c nh rto vo ng c; 4- Phin lc ng

ht; 5- Then rto; 6- Stato; 7- Thn my; 8- Hp u in; 9- R le qu dng; 10- Van
y; 11- Van ht; 12- Secmng; 13- Van 1 chiu; 14- Piston; 15- Tay bin; 16- Bm
du; 17- Trc khuu; 18- Knh xem mc du; 19- Lc du; 20- Van 1 chiu ng du

Hnh 2-14 : My nn na kn

Bng 2-17 di y l cc thng s k thut v nng sut lnh Qo (kW) ca my nn

COPELAND kiu DISCUS loi 1 cp thng c s dng cho kho lnh nhit
ngng t tk = 37,8 oC (100 oF) s dng mi cht R22 cc nhit bay hi khc nhau.

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S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

Hnh 2-15: C cu van a lm gim th tch cht

Bng 2-16: Cng sut lnh my nn COPELAND, kW

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S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

i vi kho lnh cng sut nh c th chn cm my lnh ghp sn ca cc hng, cm

my lnh nh vy gm c y tt c cc thit b ngoi tr dn lnh. C th gi l
cm my lnh dn ngng loi my nn na kn (Semi-hermetic Condensing Unit). Cc
cm my lnh dn ngng gm hai loi, hot ng 2 loi ch nhit khc nhau: Ch
nhit trung bnh v lnh su. i vi cc t my cng sut nh ngi ta thng ch

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S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

thit k dng frn. Do s dng cho kho lnh rt ph hp, khng s mi cht r r
nh hng ti cht lng sn phm.

Di y xin gii thiu cc thng s k thut cm my lnh dn ngng ca hng

Copeland (M).

Hnh 2-16: Cm my lnh dng ngng COPELAND

Bng 2-17 : Cng sut lnh Q o (W) ca cc cm my lnh Copeland 50Hz

Phm vi nhit trung bnh Mi cht R 22

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S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

Bng 2-18 : Cng sut lnh Q o (W) ca cc cm my lnh 50Hz

Phm vi nhit thp Mi cht R22

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S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

Hnh 2-17: My nn trc vt Grasso (c)

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S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

i vi h thng kho lnh cng sut ln c th s dng my nn trc vt. My nn trc

vt c u im l c bn cao v t rung ng do mi cht tun hon lin tc. Hnh
2-17 v bng 2-19 di y trnh by hnh dng bn ngoi v c tnh k thut ca my
nn trc vt chng loi SP1 ca hng GRASSO (c).

Bng 2-19: Cng sut lnh my nn trc Vt Grasso chng lo SP1

Q o (kW) n = 2940 Vng/pht

Thit b ngng t

C rt nhiu kiu bnh ngng khc nhau c s dng lp t cho cc kho lnh. Hin
nay cc bnh ngng ca ca cc hng nh Guntner (c), Friga-Bohn (Anh) v rt nhiu
hng khc v ang c s dng kh ph bin nc ta. Ngoi ra nhiu cng ty
nc ta cng c kh nng ch to c bnh ngng ng ng v ng thp cho cc h
thng lnh frn v NH3.

u im ca vic s dng bnh ngng l ch lm vic n nh, t ph thuc vo iu

kin mi trng v hiu qu gii nhit cao.

Di y l cc thng s k thut ca cc bnh ngng ca hng Friga-Bohn (Anh)

Bng 2-20: Thng s k thut ca bnh ngng hng Friga-Bohn (Anh)

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S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

i vi h thng NH3 ngi ta s dng cc ng thp trn C20 lm ng trao i nhit,

i vi cc h thng frn ngi ta s dng ng ng c cnh bn ngoi (tc l v pha
mi cht frn. i vi ng thp c th hn hoc nc vo hai mt sng, i vi ng ng
s dng phng php nc.

* Dn ngng khng kh: Dn ngng khng kh cho cc mi cht lnh frn l thit b
trao i nhit ng ng (hoc ng st nhng km nng) cnh nhm. Dn c 2 dng: Thi

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S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

ngang v thi ng. Dn ngng c cu to cho php c th t ngoi tri. Trn hnh
2-17 l dn ngng thi ng thng c s dng cho cc kho lnh.

Hnh 2-18: Dn ngng khng kh

Bng di y gii thiu cc thng s k thut ca dn ngng khng kh hng FRIGA-

BOHN (Anh) trong khong 20 KW n 100KW

Bng 2-21: Thng s k thut ca dn ngng hng Friga-Bohn (Anh)

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S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

* Tnh ton cng sut nhit thc t ca dn ngng

Cng sut nhit ca dn ngng cho bng trn y c xc nh iu kin tiu chun
c th nh sau:

- chnh nhit delta tk = 11K

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S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

- Mi cht: R22

- Nhit mi trng: tmt = 25oC

- V tr t dn ngng so vi mt nc bin: H = 0m

Trong trng hp, khc vi tiu chun, cng sut gii nhit dn ngng c tnh theo
cng thc:

Qk = QkTC x k1 x k2 x k3 x k4 (2-35)

H s hiu chnh do chnh nhit k 1

Bng 2-22: H s hiu chnh k 1

H s hiu chnh mi cht k 2

Bng 2-23: H s hiu chnh k 2

H s hiu chnh nhit mi trng k 3

Bng 2-24: H s hiu chnh k 3

H s hiu chnh cao (so vi mc nc bin) k 4

Bng 2-25: H s hiu chnh k 4

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S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

Hnh 2-19: Cu to dn ngng khng kh

Thit b bay hi

Thit b bay hi s dng cho cc kho lnh l loi dn lnh ng ng (hoc ng thp)
cnh nhm, c hoc khng c in tr x bng. i vi kho lnh nn s dng loi c
in tr x bng v lng tuyt bm khng nhiu, s dng in tr x bng khng lm
tng m trong kho v thun li khi vn hnh.

Bng di y gii thiu cc thng s k thut ca dn lnh khng kh hng FRIGA-

BOHN (Anh)

c im:

- c s dng cho cc kho lm lnh, bo qun lnh v bo qun ng thc phm

- C 6 models c cng sut t 16 n 100 kW

- Cnh bng nhm vi bc cnh 4,5mm v 7mm

- Mi cht s dng: R12, R22 v R502

- ng trao i nhit: ng ng ?12,7mm

***SORRY, THIS MEDIA TYPE IS NOT SUPPORTED.***

Hnh 2-20: Dn lnh khng kh Friga-Bohn

Bng 2-26: Nng sut lnh dn lnh Friga-Bohn, kW

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S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

Cng sut lnh ca cc dn lnh FRIGA-BOHN bng trn y c tnh iu kin

tiu chun sau y:

- Nhit bay hi to= -8oC

- chnh nhit gia khng kh u vo dn lnh v mi cht l delta t1 = 8oC

- Nhit dch lng vo dn lnh l 30oC.

Khi iu kin vn hnh thc t thay i th phi nhn vi h s nu di bng sau y

Qo = khc x QoTC (2-36)

Bng 2-27: H s hiu chnh cng sut k hc

Bng 2-28: Bng thng s k thut ca dn lnh FRIGA-BOHN

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S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

Hnh 2-21: Cu to dn lnh khng kh Friga-Bohn

Cm my nn - bnh ngng, bnh cha

Cm my nn, thit b ngng t v bnh cha h thng lnh kho bo qun thng c
lp t thnh mt cm gi l cm condensing unit.

Cm my nn, bnh ngng, bnh cha c b tr trong gian my hoc bn cnh kho
lnh. Ni chung kch thc ca cm tng i nh gn d b tr lp t. Cc cm my
nh vy thng c hai dng:

Hnh 2-22: Cm my nn - bnh ngng, bnh cha

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S NGUYN L H THNG LNH V CU TO CC THIT B CHNH

- Nu s dng bnh ngng: Ngi ta s dng thn bnh ngng lp t cm my, t

in iu khin v tt cc thit b o lng v iu khin. Trng hp ny khng cn
khung lp t (Hnh 2-21)

- Nu s dng dn ngng: Ngi ta lp t dn ngng, my nn, bnh cha v cc thit

b khc ln 01 khung thp vng chc, bnh cha t di khung

Mi cht, ng ng

Mi cht c s dng trong cc h thng lnh kho bo qun l cc mi cht Frn c

bit l R22. Ngi ta t s dng mi cht NH3 v mi cht NH3 c v c tnh cht lm
hng sn phm bo qun nu r r trong kho. Khi xy ra s c r r ga c th gy ra thm
ho cho cc doanh nghip, c bit cc doanh nghip xut khu, tr gi hng rt ln.

V h thng lnh kho lnh s dng mi cht frn nn h thng ng ng l ng ng

***

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