Access To Social Rights

socialuri uflebebis
xelmisawvdomoba evropaSi
angariSi momzadebulia meri deilis mier,

quinis universiteti, belfasti
socialuri uflebebis
xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb angariSis
saredaqcio jgufis daxmarebiT (CS-ASR)
miRebulia socialuri integraciis evropuli

komitetis mier (CDCS)
me-8 sxdomaze
(strasburgi, 2002 wlis 28-30 maisi)
socialuri uflebebis
xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb angariSis
saredaqcio jgufi (CS-ASR)
socialuri integraciis evropuli komiteti

(CDCS)
evropis sabWos gamomcemloba

franguli gamocema:
Laccss aux droits sociaux en Europe
ISBN 92-871-4985-2
inglisuri gamocema:
Access to Social Rights in Europe
ISBN 92-871-4985-2
am naSromSi gamoxatuli Sexedulebebi avtors ekuTvnis da ar

aris aucilebeli, rom evropis sabWos oficialur politikas
gamoxatavdes.
yvela ufleba daculia. dauSvebelia am gamocemis romelime nawi-

lis aslis gadaReba an gadacema raime formiT an raime, eleqtro-
nuli (kompaqturi diskiT, internetiT da a.S.) Tu meqanikuri saSua-
lebiT, maT Soris fotokopirebis, videoCanaweris an informaciis
Senaxvisa Tu Ziebis sistemis saSualebiT, komunikaciisa da kvlevis
direqtoratis gamocemebis ganyofilebis (strasburgi F-67075 an
publishing@coe.int) winaswari werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.

strasburgi Cedex F-67075
ISBN 92-871-4984-4
evropis sabWo, 2002 wlis oqtomberi
iTargmna da gamoica saqarTveloSi evropis sabWos
sainformacio biuros mier, 2007 wlis ivlisi
3
socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomoba evropaSi
4
sarCevi
5
6
winaTqma
socialuri uflebebi erT-erTia im safuZvelTagan, romlebze

dayrdnobiTac gasuli saukunis ganmavlobaSi evropa Sendeboda. da
mainc, miuxedavad Cvens kontinentze am sferoSi miRweuli pro-
gresisa, jer kidev Soris aris dro, rodesac socialuri uflebebi
yvela evropeli adamianisTvis realurad da srulad iqneba garan-
tirebuli. winamdebare angariSi cxadyofs, rom socialuri dacvis,
jandacvis, dasaqmebis, saTanado sacxovreblisa da ganaTlebis
uflebis misawvdomobas bevri da sxvadasxvagvari dabrkoleba eRo
beba xolme. arada ra fasi aqvs uflebas, romlis praqtikulad
ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia?
am angariSSi ganxilulia is ZiriTadi problemebi, romlebic unda

gadaiWras, Tu gvinda, rom uzrunvelvyoT dRevandel evropaSi so-
cialuri uflebebiT sargebloba. masSi xazgasmulia am uflebebis
ganmtkicebis saWiroeba, agreTve, saWiroeba imisa, rom isini struq-
turuli cvlilebebis winaSe adamianebis daucvelobis Semcirebis
saSualebad iqnes aRqmuli. garda amisa, socialuri uflebebi ex-
mareba adamianebs am cvlilebebTan misadagebaSi da im dabrkole-
bebis gadalaxvaSi, romlebic sazogadoebis yvelaze umweo wevrebs
maTi uflebebis ganxorcielebaSi uSlis xels.
socialuri uflebebis urTierTdamokidebulebis xazgasmiT an-

gariSs mniSvnelovani wvlili Seaqvs am uflebebis misawvdomobis
gaumjobesebis mizniT maT Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcelebasa da
zomebis miRebaSi. angariSi mogviwodebs erTiani midgomebis dam-
kvidrebisaken TiToeuli adamianis mravalferovani saWiroebebis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
garda maTi eTikuri dasabuTebisa, saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi so-

cialuri uflebebis misawvdomobis gasaumjobeseblad gvTavazobs
pasuxebs fundamenturi mniSvnelobis zogierT kiTxvaze, romlebic
aucileblad Cndeba siRaribesTan da socialur gariyvasTan brZo-
lis procesSi.
angariSi kidev erTxel adasturebs evropaSi socialuri uflebe-

bis mniSvnelobas da adamianebis uflebebze damyarebuli, mdgradi
7
ganviTarebis midgomis xelSewyobis saWiroebas, rogorc amisaken

Tavisi samarTlebrivi dokumentebisa da saqmianobis meSveobiT ev-
ropis sabWo mogviwodebs.
minda madloba movaxseno am angariSis avtors da angariSis

mosamzadebeli jgufis wevrebs, romelTac didi roli miuZRviT
dokumentis esoden maRali xarisxis uzrunvelyofaSi.
imedi maqvs, rom socialuri uflebebis xorcSesxmis aucilebel

procesze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT es angariSi droulad Seaxse
nebs sazogadoebas, rom gariyvis mdgomareobis dasaZlevi grZeli
gza axlac uaRresad rTuli gzaa bevri adamianisaTvis. Cveni amoca-
naa, davexmaroT maT da SevTavazoT saSualebebi am gzis warmatebiT
gasavlelad.
socialuri uflebebi mudam gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis sakiT

xia. evropis moqalaqeebisTvis daxmarebis gaweva am uflebebiT
sargeblobaSi xels Seuwyobs demokratiis ganmtkicebas da erT-
maneTis mimarT ndobis garemoSi evropaSi struqturuli reformis
ganxorcielebas.
swored amitom aris socialuri uflebebis uzrunvelyofa, rogorc

es winamdebare angariSSia naCvenebi, esoden mniSvnelovani faqtori
evropaSi amJamad mimdinare ekonomikuri, politikuri da socia
luri reformebis warmatebisaTvis.
gabriela batani-dragoni,
socialuri integraciis generaluri direqtori
8
Sesavali
1997 wlis oqtomberSi evropis sabWos meore samitze strasburgSi

Sexvedrisas evropis sabWos wevri qveynebis saxelmwifos da mTa-
vrobis meTaurebma socialur integracias uwodes `gafarToebuli
evropis erT-erTi mTavari sazrunavi da ... adamianis uflebebisa
da Rirsebis xorcSesxmis xelSewyobis arsebiTi nawili~ (saboloo
deklaracia). maT ministrTa komitets daavales socialuri inte-
graciis strategiis SemuSaveba sazogadoebaSi arsebul probleme-
bze reagirebisa da evropis sabWoSi Sesabamisi struqturuli re-
formebis ganxorcielebis mizniT.
ministrTa komitetis mier gadadgmuli pirveli nabiji iyo axali

samTavrobaTaSoriso saorganizacio komitetis Seqmna. es iyo so-
cialuri integraciis evropuli komiteti, romlis funqciebic
uwin damoukidebel ramdenime sferoze gavrcelda, kerZod, socia-
lur politikaze, socialur dacvasa da dasaqmebaze. Sesabamisad,
socialuri integraciis sferoSi muSaoba sxvadasxva sferos gaer-
Tianebis kompleqsur midgomas eyrdnoba. rogorc es mis mandatSia
gansazRvruli, komitetis upirvelesi amocana iyo, moemzadebina
socialuri integraciis strategia, romelic ministrTa komitetma
2001 wels daamtkica. strategia Seicavs saSualovadian samoqmedo
programas.
evropis sabWos socialuri integraciis strategiis erT-erTi Zi-

riTadi komponentia socialuri uflebebis efeqtiani xelmisawvdo-
mobis xelSewyoba da am procesSi sagangebo yuradRebis mipyroba
yvelaze umweo adamianebisaTvis maTTvis, visTvisac Znelia saku-
Tari uflebebis xorcSesxma.
socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis sakiTxis sxvadasxva sfe-

ros gaerTianebis kompleqsur midgomaze dayrdnobiT mogvarebis
survili aisaxa Camoyalibebuli eqspertTa jgufebis mandatSic da
maTi wevrebis SerCevaSic. socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobaze
momuSave specialistTa jgufSi (CS-PS), sacxovrebeli pirobebis
xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa jgufSi (CS-LO) da da-
saqmebaSi xelSewyobis uflebaze momuSave eqspertTa komitetSi
(CS-EM), romlebic 1999-dan 2001 wlamde muSaobdnen, Sediodnen
9
eqspertebi evropis sabWos ramdenime wevri saxelmwifodan, arasam-

Tavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi da mkvlevarebi socia-
luri sferodan.
angariSi socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb aerTia-

nebs specialistTa aRniSnuli jgufebis daskvnebs1, masSi ganxilu-
lia, agreTve, is samuSaoebi, romlebic ganxorcielda evropis sa-
bWos farglebSi jandacvisa da ganaTlebis sferoebSi. garda amisa,
sxvadasxva komitetis daskvnebs Soris saerTo safuZvlis xazgasmiT
angariSSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia socialuri uflebebis ur-
TierTdamokidebulebaze.
evropaSi socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb angari-

Sis mosamzadeblad evropis sabWom daniSna belfastis (CrdiloeT
irlandia) quinis universitetis sociologiis profesori meri
deili, romelsac daxmarebas uwevda saredaqcio jgufi. am jgufis
muSaobaSi monawileobdnen mTavrobaTa eqspertebi, arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi da mkvlevarebi socialuri sfe-
rodan2.
socialuri integraciis evropulma komitetma evropaSi socialu-

ri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb angariSi 2002 wlis 28-30
maiss, Tavis me-8 sxdomaze miiRo. angariSSi Camoyalibebuli das-
kvnebisa da rekomendaciebis mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT eqsper-
tebi ormocdaoTxi wevri saxelmwifodan da ramdenime arawevri-
dan 2002 wlis noemberSi miwveulni iqnen maltaSi konferenciaze,
romlis mizani iyo ufro Rrmad Cawvdoma angariSis mier SemoTava-
zebul saxelmZRvanelo principebSi.
1. winamdebare angariSis II-V danarTebi.

2. winamdebare angariSis VI danarTi.
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abreviaturebis nusxa
CDCS = socialuri integraciis evropuli komiteti;
CECODHAS = socialuri TavSesafris makoordinirebeli evropu-
li komiteti;
CLRAE = evropis adgilobriv da regionul xelisufalTa kongresi;
CS-ASR = socialur uflebaTa xelmisawvdomobaze angariSis sare-
daqcio jgufi;
CS-EM = dasaqmebis xelmisawvdomobis eqspertTa komiteti
CS-LO = sacxovreblis xelmisawvdomobis specialistTa jgufi
CS-PS = socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobis specialistTa jgufi
E2C = meore SesaZleblobis skola
EPAN = evropis gaWirvebis sawinaaRmdego qseli
ETUC = evropis profkavSirTa konfederacia
FEANTSA = usaxlkaroebis Temaze momuSave erovnul organizacia-
Ta evropuli federacia;
HDSE = proeqti adamianis Rirsebasa da socialur ganyenebaze;
NAPs/incl = gaWirvebisa da socialuri ganyenebis sawinaaRmdego
erovnuli samoqmedo gegma;
PRAPS = movlisa da prevenciisadmi xelmisawvdomobis regionuli
programa;
SP-SPM = marginalur mdgomareobaSi myof pirTa janmrTelobis
da jandacvis samsaxurTaTvis moTxovnili jandacvis samsaxurebis
adaptaciis sakiTxze momuSave specialistTa jgufi;
UNDP = gaero-s ganviTarebis programa;
UNECE = gaero-s ekonomikuri komisia evropisaTvis
UNHCR = gaero-s ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisari;
UNIRMET = mefoladeTa gadamzadebis erovnuli gaerTianeba;
WHO = msoflio jandacvis organizacia.
winasityvaoba
adamianis socialurma uflebebma gamokveTili roli iTamaSa evro-

pis ganviTarebaSi, riTac, garkveulwilad, evropa gamoirCeva mso-
flios sxva regionebisgan. socialuri uflebebis evropuli mode-
lis Tanaxmad SesaZlebelia socialuri integraciisa da socialuri
solidarobis damyareba da, amasTanave, maTi SenarCunebac. magram
ekonomikuri ganviTareba da sxva msgavsi procesebi wnexis qveS ayene-
ben socialuri uflebebis evropul models. evropaSi ekonomikuri
zrdis oqros xanis dasrulebam, im sirTuleebma, romlebic dgas
centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis winaSe centralize-
bulad marTuli ekonomikidan sabazro ekonomikad gardaqmnis pro-
cesSi, da globaluri ekonomikis internacionalizaciis daCqarebam
gamoiwvia saxelmwifoebs, politikebsa da bazrebs Soris urTier-
Tobebis cvlileba. evropaSi socialuri integraciisaTvis jerje-
robiT erT-erT yvelaze did problemas warmoadgens ganviTarebadi
danawevrebuli sazogadoeba, romelSic bevri adamiani gaTiSulia
srulfasovani monawileobisgan an damokidebulia Semweobebsa da
saxelmwifo momsaxurebaze imisaTvis, rom damkvidrdes sazogadoe-
baSi. aseT viTarebaSi socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis, Si-
naarsisa da mdgradobis garSemo kiTxvebi Zalian aqtualuria.
evropis sabWo imyofeba socialuri moqalaqeobis axleburi xed-

vis damkvidrebis avangardSi da iRvwis socialurad daucveli da
sazogadoebisgan gariyuli jgufebisa da adamianebis cxovrebis
gaumjobesebisaTvis. is acnobierebs, rom balansi individualur
pasuxismgeblobasa da socialur solidarobas Soris unda ga-
daixedos da rom adamianebisTvis socialuri uflebebis arsebobas
unda mieqces yuradReba demokratiuli aRorZinebis konteqstSi.
am mizniT winamdebare angariSi axorcielebs dRevandel evropaSi
socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis analizsa da gadaxedvas
da aerTianebs evropis sabWos mier gasul wlebSi ganxorcielebul
sxvadasxva saxis saqmianobas, rac ukavSirdeboda sacxovreblis,
socialuri dacvis, dasaqmebis, jandacvisa da ganaTlebis miRebis
uflebas. sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebs sakiTxebi, romlebic
Seexeba imas, Tu rogor unda iqnes uzrunvelyofili socialuri
uflebebi iseT situaciaSi, romelic xasiaTdeba swrafi socialuri
da ekonomikuri cvlilebebiT.
angariSs safuZvlad udevs evropis sabWos socialuri integra-
13
ciis strategia, romlisgan momavali erT-erTi impulsi sabWos

muSaobis im sferoebis gaerTianebaa, romlebic adre gancal
kevebulad ganixileboda. rogorc aRniSnulia strategiaSi,
socialuri integracia zemoqmedebas axdens rogorc zogadad
sazogadoebis mdgomareobaze, ise masSi arsebuli socialurad
daucveli jgufebisa da adamianebis rolsa da adgilze. socia-
luri uflebebiT sargeblobis SesaZleblobis gazrda warmoad-
gens socialuri integraciis evropuli komitetis strategiul
amocanas da, amasTavanave, socialuri integraciis strategiis
umTavres komponents. socialuri integraciis evropuli ko-
mitetis programaSi socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobaze
yuradRebis gamaxvileba aris gagrZeleba evropis sabWos adrin-
deli proeqtisa àdamianis Rirseba da socialuri marginaliza-
cia~ (dafi 1998), romelmac cxadyo, rom sacxovrebeli pirobe-
bis, socialuri dacvis, dasaqmebis, jandacvisa da ganaTlebis
xelmisawvdomoba aucilebeli pirobaa siRaribisa da socialuri
marginalizaciis daZlevisaTvis.
aqedan gamomdinare, socialuri integracia da socialuri ufle-

bebi warmodgenilia mravalganzomilebian WrilSi. winamdebare
angariSi ganxiluli unda iqnes, rogorc win gadadgmuli nabiji
evropaSi socialuri moqalaqeobisa da socialuri uflebebis da-
nergvisaken.
angariSi ZiriTadad efuZneba specialistTa Semdegi jgufebis na-

muSevrebs: sacxovrebeli pirobebis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave
specialistTa jgufi (CS-LO), socialuri dacvis misawvdomobaze
momuSave specialistTa jgufi (CS-PS), dasaqmebaSi xelSewyobis
uflebaze momuSave eqspertTa komiteti (CS-EM), marginalur ga-
remoSi mcxovrebi adamianebis janmrTelobis dacvasa da jandacvis
samsaxurebze moTxovnasTan jandacvis samsaxurebis misadagebis
specialistTa jgufi (SP-SPM), da aseve Sesabamis namuSevrebs
ganaTlebis sferoSi.1 TiToeulma jgufma mniSvnelovani wvlili
Seitana wevr qveynebSi socialuri uflebebis realuri arsis sa-
zogadoebisaTvis ukeT gacnobaSi da im faqtorebis gaTviTcnobie-
rebaSi, romlebic winaaRmdegobas uqmnian am uflebebis arsebobas.
maT ara mxolod Sekribes axal gamocdilebaze damyarebuli mona-
cemebi, aramed Caatares arsebuli politikisa da procedurebis
seriozuli analizi. uflebaTa sxvadasxva komitetis mier arCeuli
midgoma da meTodologia aRwerilia 1-l danarTSi.
winamdebare angariSis konkretuli amocanebia:
1. specialistTa sami jgufi da eqspertTa erTi komiteti angariSSi zogadad moxse-

niebulia, rogorc uflebaTa komitetebi.
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winasityvaoba
im xelisSemSleli faqtorebis analizi, romlebic winaaRmde-

gobas uqmnis sxvadasxva socialuri uflebis xelmisawvdomobas
garkveul sferoebSi;
imis damadasturebeli magaliTebis moyvana, Tu rogor xde-
ba winaaRmdegobebis daZleva da socialuri uflebebis xelmi-
sawvdomobis gazrdis mizniT kompleqsuri midgomebis zogadi
principebis gansazRvra;
seqtorTaSorisi politikis saxelmZRvanelo principebis Semu-
Saveba socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobaze, maT Soris so-
cialuri politikis sxvadasxva sferos integrirebis gzebze.
angariSis gansakuTrebuli mizania, warmoaCinos socialuri uf-

lebebis arsebobis mniSvneloba im demokratiuli procesebisaT-
vis, romlebic ukavSirdeba aqtiur moqalaqeobriv pozicias, aseve
struqturuli cvlilebebis mimarT mgrZnobelobis SemcirebisaT-
vis da am cvlilebebTan gamklavebis instituciuri SesaZleblo-
bebis gazrdisaTvis. socialuri uflebebi miCneulia ZiriTad
faqtorad adamianebis, jgufebis, organizaciebis, religiebis,
mTavrobebis Tu sazogadoebebis mxridan problemebis mogvarebis
SesaZleblobebis gazrdaSi.
angariSSi ganxilulia ori ZiriTadi Tema. pirvel SemTxvevaSi xaz-

gasmulia socialuri uflebebis urTierTdamokidebuleba. ufle-
baTa sxvadasxva komitetebis mier socialuri uflebebis Sesaxeb
namuSevrebisa da evropis sabWos sxva daskvnebis Sedegad zogadad
aRiarebulia, rom erTi ZiriTadi socialuri uflebis miuwvdom-
lobas gardamavali efeqti aqvs, anu amis gamo adamianebs SeiZleba
gauZneldeT sxva socialuri uflebebiT sargeblobis uflebis mo-
povebac. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, arsebobs mravalmxrivi margina-
lizaciis riski. amitom angariSis erT-erTi aRsaniSnavi Tviseba is
aris, rom is cdilobs, daamyaros kavSiri socialuri uflebebis
sxvadasxva sferoebs Soris (nacvlad imisa, rom gancalkevebulad
ganixilos isini). meore SemTxvevaSi angariSi yuradRebas amaxvilebs
imaze, rom misawvdomobis sakiTxi unda gaxdes interesis sagani, ro-
melic damoukidebel gamokvlevas imsaxurebs. winamdebare kvlevis
msgavsi kvlevebi, romlebic koncentrirebas axdenen socialuri
uflebebis cxovrebaSi garatebaze an praqtikul ganxorcielebaze,
Zlier gansxvavdeba im kvlevebisgan, romlebic cdiloben, gansaz-
Rvron an mimoixilon arsebuli kanonieri uflebebi an daadginon
maTi filosofiuri safuZvlebi. winamdebare angariSi yuradRebas
amaxvilebs Canafiqrsa da ganxorcielebas Soris urTierkavSirze
da cdilobs, gaxsnas da gamoikvlios is ufskruli, romelic arse-
bobs iuridiuli da sxva pirobebis ZalaSi Sesvlasa da socialuri
uflebebis praqtikulad ganxorcielebas Soris.
15
ganmartebebi da moqmedebis sfero
miuxedavad imisa, rom socialuri uflebebis ganmartebisa da in-

terpretirebis gansxvavebuli gzebi arsebobs, winamdebare anga-
riSis konteqstSi socialuri uflebebi moicavs rogorc indivi-
dualur saWiroebebs, aseve socialur integracias. maSasadame,
socialuri uflebebi es aris is pirobebi, romlebic Camoyali-
bebulia iuridiuli Tu sxva formiT da romlebic aucilebelia
adamianTa socialuri saWiroebebis dakmayofilebis da socialuri
integraciisa da solidarobis damkvidrebisaTvis. rac Seexeba so-
cialuri uflebebis Sinaarsis gansazRvras, angariSi iyenebs evro-
pis socialuri qartiis midgomas, misi Tavdapirveli da Seswore-
buli versiebis mixedviT, raTa moaxdinos socialuri uflebebis
sxvadasxva sferoebis identificireba mocemuli RonisZiebis farg-
lebSi. amrigad, aq socialuri uflebebi ganmartebulia, rogorc
uflebebi, romlebic Seexeba sacxovrebel pirobebs, socialur
dacvas, dasaqmebas, jandacvasa da ganaTlebas.
meTodologia da midgoma
angariSSi gamoyenebuli meTodologia emyareba dokumenturi in-

formaciis analizs. angariSi emyareba rogorc saTanado lite-
raturis zogad mimoxilvas, ise sacxovrebeli pirobebis xelmi-
sawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa jgufis, socialuri dacvis
xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa jgufis, dasaqmebaSi
xelSewyobis uflebaze momuSave eqspertTa komitetis da margi-
nalur garemoSi mcxovrebi adamianebis janmrTelobis dacvasa da
jandacvis samsaxurebze moTxovnasTan jandacvis samsaxurebis
misadagebis specialistTa jgufis naSromebisa da evropis sabWos
farglebSi sxva wyaroebidan arsebuli werilobiTi da sxva masale-
bis analizs. amrigad, angariSis mTavari empiriuli safuZveli aris
uflebaTa oTxi komitetis mier Sedgenili Sromebi, gamocdilebaze
damyarebuli masala (maT Soris praqtikuli magaliTebi), Segrove-
buli maT mier muSaobis procesSi, da evropis sabWos mxardaWeriT
ganxorcielebuli sxva Sesabamisi Sromebi.
evropa heterogenuli zonaa. evropis sabWo organizebas uwevs or-

mocdaoTx wevr saxelmwifos1 Soris TanamSromlobas. aq farTod
aris gavrcelebuli socialuri da ekonomikuri Taviseburebebi.
1. avstria, azerbaijani, albaneTi, andora, somxeTi, belgia, bosnia da hercegovina,
bulgareTi, gaerTianebuli samefo, germania, dania, espaneTi, estoneTi, TurqeTi,
irlandia, islandia, italia, kviprosi, latvia, litva, lixtenSteini, luqsembur-
gi, malta, moldova, niderlandebi, norvegia, poloneTi, portugalia, rumineTi,
ruseTis federacia, saberZneTi, san-marino, safrangeTi, saqarTvelo, slovakeTis
respublika, slovenia, ukraina, ungreTi, fineTi, `yofili iugoslaviis respublika
makedonia, SvedeTi, Sveicaria, CexeTis respublika, xorvatia.
16
winasityvaoba
amitomac am angariSis umTavresi amocana mravalferovnebis asaxvaa.

nacvlad imisa, rom kontinenti dayos regionebad an qveregionebad,
angariSi amtkicebs, rom, miuxedavad evropaSi socialuri uflebe-
bis mxriv gansxvavebuli orientirebis arsebobisa, aris bevri saer-
To praqtikac da yvelaze ukeT maTi gamovlena da maTze dayrdnoba
SesaZlebelia socialuri uflebebis koncefciis farTo da erTian
WrilSi ganxilviT.
angariSi Sedgeba xuTi nawilisagan. pirvel TavSi yuradReba ga-

maxvilebulia socialur uflebebze, evropaSi maTi ganviTarebis
istoriasa da maT adgilze dRevandel msoflioSi. meore TavSi
warmodgenilia angariSSi gamoyenebuli analizis struqturuli
sqema. mesame TavSi ganxilulia socialuri integraciis evropuli
komitetis mxardaWeriT ganxorcielebuli kvlevebis Sedegebi im
winaaRmdegobebis Sesaxeb, romlebic aferxebs socialuri uflebe-
bis realizacias da xelmisawvdomobas. meoTxe TavSi gadmocemulia
msjeloba da dokumenturi dasabuTeba imisa, rac SeiZleba gani-
sazRvros rogorc `socialuri uflebebis realizaciis saukeTeso
magaliTebi. kompleqsuri midgomis principebis gansazRvrasTan
erTad, is aseve Seicavs saukeTeso praqtikul gamocdilebas evro-
pis sabWos wevri qveynebidan. mexuTe da ukanasknel TavSi Camoya-
libebulia politikis saxelmZRvanelo principebi, romlebic ga-
momdinareobs socialuri uflebebis sxvadasxva sferoSi arsebuli
mdgomareobis analizidan.
17
1. socialuri uflebebis ganviTarebis
tendenciebi da miRwevebi dRevandel
evropaSi
am TavSi ganxilulia socialuri uflebebis safuZveli da gamok-
veTilia socialuri uflebebis mzardi mniSvneloba maSinac ki,
rodesac xdeba maTi zogierTi fuZemdebeli faseulobis gamoc-
da an ngreva. msjeloba viTadreba sami mimarTulebiT. pirveli
nawili ganixilavs da ikvlevs im principebs, procedurebsa da
sistemebs, romelTa saSualebiTac moxda socialuri uflebebis
evolucia evropaSi. meore nawili yuradRebas amaxvilebs im cv-
lilebebze (ekonomikur da socialur faseulobebsa da politi-
kur meTodebSi qveynebis SigniT da gareT), romelTac SeuZliaT
gavlena iqonion socialuri uflebebis ganxorcielebaze. msje-
lobis mesame nawili yuradRebas amaxvilebs socialuri uflebe-
bis midgomis upiratesobebze da am uflebebis gamouyeneblobis
Sedegebze.
1.1. socialuri uflebebis ganviTareba evropaSi

socialuri uflebebis Zlieri memkvidreoba evropis socialuri
modelis ganuyofeli nawilia. evropuli sazogadoebebis evolu-
ciasTan erTad socialuri uflebebis damkvidreba moqalaqeobasa
da progresTan mWidro kavSirSi ganixileboda. saxelmwifoebi da-
Tanxmdnen, miecaT yvela moqalaqisaTvis minimaluri uflebebi sa-
zogadoebaSi maTi statusis miuxedavad, raTa xalxis keTildReoba
aRar yofiliyo damokidebuli Tavis rCenis maT SesaZleblobaze an
qvelmoqmedebaze. socialuri programebi gamiznuli iyo ara mxo-
lod imisken, rom gaeumjobesebinaT adamianebis cxovrebis pirobe-
bi, aramed imisken, rom CamoeyalibebinaT politikuri sazogadoeba
da koleqtiuri identurobis cneba. amgvarad, socialuri uflebe-
bis etapobrivi eqspansia evropaSi nacionaluri saxelmwifos Sene-
bis proeqtis nawili iyo.
evropaSi socialuri uflebebis qvakuTxedad iqca ori ZiriTadi

principi. pirveli _ erovnul doneze, sadac socialuri ganviTa-
reba ganpirobebuli iyo `sayovelTao keTildReobis saxelmwifos
aRmocenebiT: keinsis modeli dasavleTSi da centralizebuli wevri
saxelmwifoebi centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi. iqneboda ise-
19
erovnul konstituciaSi Cadebuli Tu socialuri uzrunvelyofiT

miniWebuli, socialuri da ekonomikuri uflebebis ZiriTadi birTvi
ZalaSi Sevida meore msoflio omamde da misi damTavrebis Semdeg,
ramac gavlena iqonia ZalTa gadanawilebaze, Tanamonawileobaze,
Semosavlebsa da cxovrebis SesaZleblobebze. socialuri da eko-
nomikuri uflebebi evropis qveynebSi, Cveulebriv, miiRweva ur-
TierTdakavSirebuli strategiebis erTobliobiT. bevri sxvadasxva
variantis arsebobis miuxedavad, socialuri uflebebi, rogorc wesi,
xorcieldeba sam sxvadasxva politikur principze dayrdnobiT. pir-
vel SemTxvevaSi socialuri uflebebi gaerTianebulia socialuri
dazRvevisa da dabegvris programebSi, romelTa mizania Semosavle-
bis dacva, gadanawileba da siRaribis Semcireba. saarsebo minimumi,
pensiebi, umuSevrobis Semweobebi, mSobiarobisa da ojaxuri daxmare-
bebi aq mTavari sayrdenia, romelsac sxvadasxva doziT afinanseben
damqiraveblebi, muSakebi da saxelmwifo. meore tipiuri sayrdeni,
romelzec agebulia socialuri uflebebis erovnuli struqtura,
Sedgeba socialuri momsaxurebis qselisagan. jandacva, ganaTleba
da sacxovrebeli pirobebi ZiriTadi elementebia, Tumca evropu-
li qveynebis umetesoba aseve uzrunvelyofs garkveuli socialuri
momsaxurebis pakets, romelic miznad isaxavs cxovrebis donis gaum-
jobesebas. amgvar sajaro momsaxurebas akisria kidev erTi funqcia,
rac masSi momuSaveTa dasaqmebas gulisxmobs. warsulSi aseTi momsa-
xurebis saSualebiT aseve SesaZlebeli iyo sazogadoebrivi sakuTre-
bisa da ZiriTad momsaxurebaTa kontrolis ganxorcieleba, magram
gasul wlebSi momsaxurebis dafinansebasa da organizebaSi momxdar-
ma cvlilebebma bundovani gaxada gansxvaveba `sazogadoebrivsa da
`kerZos Soris. da bolos, Sromis bazarTan dakavSirebuli maregu-
lirebeli dadgenileba aris socialur uflebebze orientirebuli
meore mniSvnelovani sayrdeni, romelic aniWebs da icavs garkveul
dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebul uflebebs. aq ormagi aqcenti keTdeba
samuSao pirobebis kontrolis dawesebaze da dasaqmebaSi adamianebis
monawileobis gaaqtiurebisken mimarTul zomebze.
socialuri uflebebis meore fuZemdebluri principi saerTaSori-

so donezea, sadac evropis sabWos, gaero-s, mogvianebiT ki evro-
kavSiris rezoluciebsa da rekomendaciebSi mocemuli specialuri
maregulirebeli normebisa da samarTlebrivi aqtebis safuZvel-
ze yalibdeba socialuri uflebebisa da socialuri solidarobis
saerTaSoriso standartebi da procedurebi. evropis sabWo gansa-
kuTrebiT did rols TamaSobs socialuri ganviTarebis xelSewyo-
baSi da muSaobs evropaSi socialuri solidarobis damyarebisaT-
vis xelsayreli politikuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri pirobebis
Seqmnaze. es istoriuli sinamdvilea da ase grZeldeba dResac.
evropis sabWos koncefciaSi yovelTvis gamokveTilad figurireb-
da socialuri uflebebi.
20
socialuri uflebebis ganviTarebis tendenciebi da miRwevebi dRevandel evropaSi
rodesac evropis socialuri qartia gaixsna xelmosawerad 1961

wels da ZalaSi Sevida 1965 wels, evropis sabWom pirveli nabiji
gadadga ekonomikuri da socialuri uflebebis yovlismomcveli
kodeqsis danergvisaken. ekomonikuri uflebebi, rogorc es ganmar-
tebulia qartiaSi, gulisxmobs im uflebebs, romlebic Seexeba da-
saqmebas da Sromis bazars, xolo socialuri uflebebi, upirveles
yovlisa, moicavs jandacvas da socialur uzrunvelyofas. qartia
Seicavs cxramet damoukidebel muxls, romelTagan pirveli aTi
eZRvneba umeteswilad dasaqmebas, Sromis bazrisa da industriuli
urTierTobebis sakiTxebs, xolo danarCen TavebSi ufro farTod
aris ganxiluli socialuri uflebebi. zogierT muxls uwodeben
`ZiriTad1 muxlebs da xelmomweri mxareebi valdebulni arian,
miiRon am ZiriTadi muxlebis garkveuli raodenoba. Sesabamisoba
qartiis debulebebTan fasdeba saerTaSoriso kontrolis meqaniz-
mis saSualebiT im angariSebis safuZvelze, romlebsac warmoad-
genen saxelmwifoebi, romelTac moaxdines qartiis ratificireba,
orwliani ciklis monacvleobiT.2 koleqtiuri saCivrebis meqa-
nizmis danergvam, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 1998 wels, ficpatri-
kis (2001) sityvebiT, gadatrialeba moaxdina evropis socialuri
qartiis ganxorcielebis uzrunvelyofis procedurebSi. evropis
profesiuli kavSiris konfederacias, evropis donis (da, Tu mona-
wile saxelmwifoebi SeTanxmdebian, erovnuli donis) arasamTavro-
bo organizaciebsa da nacionaluri profkavSirebis konfedera-
ciebs amJamad ufleba aqvT, Seitanon saCivari pirdapir socialuri
uflebebis evropul komitetSi.
dasaqmeba (muSaobis ufleba) qartiis centralur Temad SeiZleba

CaiTvalos, vinaidan uflebaTa TiTqmis naxevari Seexeba an gamom-
dinareobs anazRaurebadi samuSaodan. aseT uflebebs Soris aris
saarsebo saxsrebis gamomuSavebis ufleba Tavisuflad arCeul pro-
fesiaSi, aseve samarTliani, usafrTxo da janmrTeli samuSao piro-
bebis, sakmarisi anazRaurebisa da socialuri dacvis miRebis ufle-
ba. garda amisa, muSakebs eniWebaT politikuri uflebebi, rogoric
aris profkavSirSi gaerTianebis Tavisufleba maTi ekonomikuri da
socialuri interesebis dacvis mizniT da koleqtiuri xelSekru-
lebis dadebis ufleba. evropis socialur qartiaSi aseve daculia
garkveuli uflebebi, romlebic Seexeba profesionalur ganviTare-
bas, maT Soris profesionaluri orientaciisa da profesionaluri
swavlebis miRebis ufleba. ufro zogadi xasiaTis uflebebs Soris
1. esenia muSaobis ufleba, organizaciis Seqmnis ufleba, koleqtiuri xelSekrule
bis dadebis ufleba, socialuri uzrunvelyofis miRebis ufleba, socialuri da
samedicino daxmarebis miRebis ufleba, ojaxis ufleba socialur, iuridiul da
ekonomikur uzrunvelyofaze, migranti muSebisa da maTi ojaxebisaTvis dacvis da
daxmarebis ufleba.
2. ZiriTadi muxlebi ganixileba yovel ciklSi, xolo sxva muxlebi - yovel meore
ciklSi.
21
aris janmrTelobis dacvis ufleba, socialuri dazRvevis ufleba,

socialuri da samedicino daxmarebis ufleba da saxelmwifos mier
gaweuli socialuri uzrunvelyofis momsaxurebis miRebis ufleba.
muSaTa garda, dacvis garantiebs miiReben zogierTi specifikuri
jgufis warmomadgeblebi, maT Soris unarSezRuduli adamianebi, de-
debi, bavSvebi, aseve migranti muSebi da maTi ojaxebi.
migranti mSromelebisa da maTi ojaxebis socialuri uflebebis

dacva evropis sabWos erT-erTi prioritetia. evropuli konvencia
migranti mSromelebis iuridiuli statusis Sesaxeb (1977) aregu-
lirebs, erTis mxriv, migranti mSromelebis iuridiul statuss im
TvalsazrisiT, rom maT iseve moeqcevian, rogorc im mSromelebs,
romlebic qveynis moqalaqeebi arian, cxovrebisa da muSaobis piro-
bebis yvela aspeqtSi, da, meores mxriv, mirganti mSromelebisa da
maTi ojaxebis socialur winsvlas. konvencia moiTxovs migranti
mSromelebisa da adgilobrivi mSromelebis Tanabar pirobebSi Caye-
nebas Semdeg sferoebSi: sabinao sakiTxi, ganaTleba, socialuri uz-
runvelyofa, socialuri da samedicino daxmareba. konvenciis sxva
debulebebi moiTxoven Tanaswor damokidebulebas profesionaluri
swavlebis, dasaqmebis samsaxurebiT sargeblobis da SromiTi pirobe-
bis sakiTxebSi. socialuri uzrunvelyofis koordinirebis sferoSi
evropis sabWos samarTlebrivi dokumentebis, gansakuTrebiT ki so-
cialuri uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb evropuli konvenciis (1972) miza-
nia, daexmaros migrant mSromelebsa da maTi ojaxis wevrebs, miiRon
socialuri uzrunvelyofa. aseTi dokumentebi iTvaliswinebs erov-
nul niadagze diskriminaciuli pirobebis aRmofxvras Tanasworobis
principis SemoRebiT da im SezRudvebis neitralizaciiT, romlebic
dawesebulia kanonmdeblobis teritoriuli moqmedebis arealis sa-
fuZvelze. garda amisa, evropuli konvencia socialuri da samedi-
cino daxmarebis Sesaxeb (1953) miznad isaxavs uflebaTa garkveuli
ormxrivi xasiaTis uzrunvelyofas (rodesac monawile qveynebis mo-
qalaqeebi, romlebic kanonierad imyofebian meore monawile mxaris
teritoriaze da ar gaaCniaT sakmarisi resursebi, uflebamosilni
arian, miiRon socialuri da samedicino daxmareba imave pirobebiT,
rogorc adgilobrivma moqalaqeebma).
1996 wels evropis socialuri qartiis Sesworebuli varianti gaixs-

na xelmowerisaTvis, xolo 1999 wels ZalaSi Sevida. aq erT do-
kumentSia Tavmoyrili Tavdapirvel socialur qartiaSi Semavali
uflebebi, maTSi Sesuli cvlilebebiT, da aseve 1988 wlis damate-
biTi oqmiT1 gansazRvruli uflebebi, da rigi axali uflebebisa.
1. aq mocemulia Semdegi uflebebi: Tanabari SesaZleblobebi da Tanabari mopyroba
dasaqmebis da profesiis sakiTxebSi sqesis safuZvelze diskriminaciis gareSe, in-
formaciis da konsultaciis miRebis ufleba, samuSao pirobebisa da samuSao ga-
remos arCevasa da gaumjobesebaSi monawileobis miRebis ufleba da moxucebulTa
ufleba socialur dacvaze.
22
Sesworebuli qartiis mizani iyo cvalebadi socialuri pirobebisa

da Rirebulebebis gaTvaliswineba da asaxva. is efuZneba adamian-
Ta uflebebis ganuyoflobis princips da ganmeorebiT xazs usvams
diskriminaciis aRkveTis mniSvnelobas, rogorc ZiriTad princips,
kerZod ki imas, rom uflebebiT sargebloba daculi unda iyos
nebismieri motiviT diskriminaciisgan, rogoricaa eTnikuri warmo-
mavloba, kanis feri, sqesi, ena, religia, politikuri Tu sxva Sexe
dulebebi, erovnuli Tu socialuri warmomavloba, janmrTelobis
mdgomareoba, erovnuli umciresobis wevroba, wodebrivi Tu sxva
statusi. dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebuli uflebebi aqac gamokveTi-
lad figurirebs. 1988 wlis damatebiT oqmSi Sesul uflebebTan
erTad isini moicaven iseT uflebebs, rogoricaa: dacvis ufleba
dasaqmebis Sewyvetis an damsaqmeblis gakotrebis SemTxvevaSi da
pirovnuli Rirsebis dacvis ufleba samsaxurSi.
muSaTa warmomadgenlebi aseve daculni arian maTTvis saziano

qmedebebisgan da eZlevaT ufleba, hqondeT saTanado pirobebi
TavianTi funqciebis ganxorcielebisaTvis. dasaqmebasTan dakavSi-
rebuli uflebebis garda, evropis Sesworebuli socialuri qar-
tia aseve amtkicebs moxucebulTa uflebas socialur dacvaze da
ojaxuri movaleobebis mqone mSromelebis an potenciuri mSrome-
lebis uflebas dasaqmebaze diskriminaciis gareSe, aseve, ramdena-
dac SesaZlebelia, maT ojaxur movaleobebsa da samuSaos Soris
interesTa konfliqtis gareSe. Sesworebul qartiaSi damatebulia
ori axali ufleba: siRaribisa da socialuri marginalizaciisgan
dacvis ufleba da sakadrisi sacxovrebeli pirobebis qonis uf-
leba mizanSewonil fasad. asaxaven ra sazogadoebaSi arsebuli
riskebis cvalebad xasiaTs, es uflebebi mniSvnelovania qartiis
CarCoebis gafarToebisa da misi rolis, rogorc socialur uf-
lebebTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso standartis, gaZlierebis
TvalsazrisiT.
qartiis Tavdapirvel da Sesworebul variantebSi gamoyenebuli

midgomis Seswavlis Sedegad bevri ram naTeli gaxda socialuri
uflebebis xasiaTis Sesaxeb. qartiaSi aRniSnuli uflebebis for-
mulireba ufro metad gulisxmobs saxelmwifoebis mier nakisr val-
debulebebs, vidre, vTqvaT, pirovnebis uflebebs. amitom qartia
ayalibebs instituciur da samarTlebriv bazas. mravali gagebiT
is warmoadgens keTilsindisieri qcevis etalons, romelic Seexeba
ZiriTadad socialur politikasa da socialur uzrunvelyofas,
da gansazRvravs am politikasTan dakavSirebul valdebulebebs.
Tumca qartia ara mxolod ayalibebs debulebebs, aramed miznad
isaxavs, daawesos standartebi da mxari dauWiros garkveul meTo-
debsa da faseulobebs (rogoric aris konsultaciis miReba, xolo
socialuri da sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofis sam-
23
saxurebis SemTxvevaSi calkeuli adamianebisa da nebayoflobiTi

Tu sxva organizaciebis monawileoba). evropis socialuri qartiis
koncefciis Semdgomi mniSvnelovani aspeqti aris ara mxolod is,
rom is uzrunvelyofs ZiriTad socialur uflebebs saxelmwifoe-
bis mier nakisri valdebulebebis saSualebiT, aramed is, rom igi
iZleva droTa ganmavlobaSi standartebis srulyofis saSualebas.
garda amisa, moqmedebs gadaxedvis procedura, rodesac mTavro-
bebs uyeneben moTxovnas, rom periodulad gadasinjon, Tu romeli
axali valdebulebebis aReba SeuZliaT. amrigad, pirobaTa miuReb-
loba iTvleba droebiT movlenad, sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, xazi
esmeba uflebaTa dinamikur da ara statikur xasiaTs. amasTanave,
qartia emyareba ara calsaxa models, aramed saerTo faseulobebs.
erTgvarovnebis nacvlad masSi upiratesoba eniWeba saerTo stan-
dartebisaken harmoniuli svlis princips.
socialur uflebebze muSaoba sxva organoebSic mimdinareobda. ma-

galiTad, gaero-s ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul ufleba-
Ta saerTaSoriso paqti ZalaSi Sevida 1976 wels, miuxedavad imisa,
rom miRebuli iqna da xelmowerisTvis gaixsna aTi wliT adre. am
dokumentSi deklarirebuli zogierTi ufleba emTxveva evropis
socialur qartiaSi gansazRvrul uflebebs, kerZod, es exeba dasa-
qmebasTan dakavSirebul uflebebs.
kidev erTi mniSvnelovani miRweva socialuri uflebebis sfe-

roSi evropaSi iyo 2000 wels evrokavSiris `ZiriTadi uflebebis
qartiis anu adamianTa uflebaTa qartiis miReba (evrokavSiris
sabWo, 2000w.). midgoma aqac gansxvavebulia, rogorc amas gamo
yenebuli termini `ZiriTadi uflebebi gulisxmobs. uflebebi da
principebi Tavmoyrilia dokumentSi, romelic adgens uflebebsa
da principebs, romelTac pativi unda scen evrokavSirma da misma
wevrma saxelmwifoebma Tanamegobrobis kanonis ganxorcielebisas.
evrokavSiri mxars uWers eqvs ZiriTad faseulobas. esenia: Rirse-
ba, Tavisufleba, Tanasworoba, solidaroba, moqalaqeTa uflebebi
da samarTali. adamianis uflebaTa qartiiT miniWebuli uflebebi
mWidro kavSirSia am principebTan da evrokavSiris sabWos Sexedu-
lebis Tanaxmad (2001a) SeiZleba dajgufebuli iqnes oTx ZiriTad
kategoriad:
uflebebi, Tavisuflebebi da proceduruli garantiebi: aq ga-

nixileba samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebi, rogoric aris
Tanasworobisa da piradi cxovrebis pativiscemis principebi;
aseve uflebebi, romlebic warmodgeba sajaro Tavisuflebebis-
gan, rogoric aris presis Tavisufleba, sindisis Tavisufleba
da Sekrebisa da gaerTianebis Tavisufleba;
24
evrokavSiris moqalaqeebisTvis gankuTvnili uflebebi: es uf-

lebebi, romlebic Cadebulia evropis Tanamegobrobis damfuZ-
nebel xelSekrulebaSi, moicavs saarCevno uflebebs, zogad di-
plomatiur xelSeuxeblobas da aseve evroparlamentisTvis da
evropis ombudsmenisaTvis mimarTvis uflebas;
ekonomikuri da socialuri uflebebi: amaSi Sedis debulebebi

Sromis kanonmdeblobasTan dakavSirebiT, rogoric aris prof-
kavSirSi gawevrianebis ufleba, gaficvis ufleba da minimaluri
anazRaurebis miRebis ufleba, aseve sxva uflebebic, rogoric
aris unarSezRuduli adamianebis profesionaluri integraciis
ufleba, bavSvTa da moxucTa uflebebi, aseve socialuri ka-
nonmdeblobis debulebebi, rogoric aris socialuri dacva da
jandacvis ufleba;
Tanamedrove uflebebi: aq Sedis uflebebi, rogoric aris pi-

radi informaciis daculoba da bioeTikasTan dakavSirebuli
uflebebi. qartia aseve cdilobs, gaaZlieros gamWvirvaloba
da miukerZoebloba sazogadoebriv dawesebulebebSi, risTvisac
adgens administraciuli dokumentaciis misawvdomobis uflebas
da kargi administrirebis uflebas.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ukve ormoci welia, rac socialuri uflebebi

evropuli wyobis nawilia. amaSi wamyvani roli evropis sabWom iTa-
maSa. Tu SedarebiTi kuTxiT SevxedavT, evropas socialuri ufle-
bebis Zlieri modeli aqvs. amasTan, socialuri uflebebis evropul
modelSi erovnuli da saerTaSoriso movlenebi da standartebi
urTierTgadajaWvulni da urTierTdamokidebulni arian. dRevan-
deli mzardi globalizaciis epoqaSi mniSvnelovania, gavixsenoT
is, Tu ra roli iTamaSes evropis qveynebma, erTad da cal-calke,
socialuri uflebebis Teoriis ganviTarebisTvis brZolaSi.
1.2. socialuri uflebebi da cvalebadi evropuli

sazogadoeba
evropuli sazogadoeba swrafad icvleba. am fonze winamdebare

TavSi yuradReba eTmoba imas, Tu rogor viTardeboda socialuri
uflebebi ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri progresis pa-
ralelurad.
gasuli ori aTwleuli albaT yvelaze rTuli periodi iyo so-

cialuri politikisa da socialuri uflebebisaTvis. am periodSi
ganviTarebuli movlenebi bevr SekiTxvas badebs imasTan dakavSire-
biT, Tu ramdenad Seefereba socialuri uflebebis Zlieri modeli
25
dRevandel ekonomikasa da sazogadoebas. omis Semdgomi evropis

`sayovelTao keTildReobis saxelmwifo, romelic Cafiqrebuli
iyo warmoebaze orientirebuli sazogadoebisaTvis, ganixilav-
da umuSevrobas, rogorc droebiT movlenas (belandi da hanseni,
2000:56) da varaudobda, rom qalebisa da bavSvebis rCena yvelaze
ukeT ojaxSi SeiZleboda. es situacia dRes ukve aRar arsebobs da
Tanamedrove socialur sferoSi gadawyvetilebis mimRebi pirebis
winaSe savsebiT gansxvavebuli suraTia. movlenebi ise ganviTar-
da, rom xelisuflebis mier ganxorcielebul socialuri uzrun-
velyofis RonisZiebebs safrTxe Seeqmna rogorc saxelmwifo, ise
adgilobriv doneebze da kiTxvis qveS dadga is, Tu ramdenad aris
socialuri moqalaqeoba sasurveli an aucilebeli. cvlilebebs
garkveul faqtorTa erToblioba ganapirobebs. amaSi Sedis globa-
lizacia, gansakuTrebiT im ekonomikuri sistemebisa da socialuri
faseulobebis TvalsazrisiT, romlebsac is uSualod exeba, cen-
tralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi ganviTarebuli politikuri da
ekonomikuri movlenebi, socialuri dacvis funqciis Secvlili in-
terpretacia da cvalebadi Sexedulebebi saxelmwifos rolis da
saxelmwifos, individuumsa da sazogadoebas Soris urTierTobis
mimarT. TiToeuli mokled iqneba ganxiluli.
marTalia, arsebobs gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi imasTan dakav-

SirebiT, Tu ra fenomenia globalizacia, es, Tavisi arsiT, aris
procesi, romelic iwvevs gaZlierebul ekonomikur konkurencias
msoflioSi, sadac teqnologia swrafad viTardeba da sadac saz-
Rvrebi aRar moqmedebs ise, rogorc adre, rom SeaCeros arasa-
surveli movlenebi da zegavlenebi. gazrdil saerTaSoriso kon-
kurencias (maT Soris sxvadasva socialur modelebs Soris) Tan
sdevs kidev ufro Zlieri konkurencia qveynebis SigniT da aseve
regionebs Soris. ufro moqnili sistemebis stimulireba xdeba ara
marto erovnuli ekonomikisaTvis, aramed adgilobriv doneze da
individuumis da ojaxis donezec ki. im ideologiuri klimatis
fonze, romelic Tan sdevs globalizacias, upiratesoba ekono-
mikur problemebs eZleva, ris Sedegadac ekonomikis saWiroebebs,
Cveulebriv, prioriteti eniWeba sazogadoebis saWiroebebTan Se-
darebiT.
Sexedulebebi globalizaciis Temaze Zalze mravalferovania, ma-

gram garkveuli daskvnis gakeTeba SeiZleba, Tu vityviT, rom glo-
balizacia Seicavs riskebs, SesaZleblobebsa da gamowvevebs. glo-
balizaciis ekonomikuri upiratesobebis da imis miuxedavad, rom
is erTgvari Zravis funqcias asrulebs ekonomikisa da dasaqmebis
zrdaSi, arsebobs mRelvarebis mizezi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu
ra mniSvneloba aqvs globalizacias socialuri uflebebis xel-
misawvdomobisaTvis. globalizacia yuradRebis centrSi aqcevs
26
socialuri dazRvevis dafinansebis xarjebs da SeiZleba asoci-

rebuli iyos im zewolasTan, romelic asustebs socialuri dac-
vis dadgenil uflebas. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saxelmwifoebi
grZnoben moqnilobis aucileblobas riskebze reagirebis dros da
sul ufro met zewolas ganicdian xelfasebis, xarjebisa da kon-
kurentulobis mxriv, socialuri uflebebi SeiZleba warmogvidges
uaryofiT WrilSi, rogorc arasavaldebulo zedmeti ram an aso-
cirebuli did danaxarjebTan. aseTi Sexedulebebi zog qveyanaSi
ufro metad damkvidrda, vidre sxvebSi. aqedan gamomdinare, glo-
balizaciis Sedegebi garkveulwilad damokidebulia imaze, Tu ras
fiqroben da rogor reagireben masze qveynis doneze. Tumca, mT-
lianad negatiuri suraTis daxatvis nacvlad, unda aRiniSnos, rom
garkveuli nabijebi gadaidga socialuri dacvis mimarTulebiT,
raTa ganeitralebuliyo globalizaciasTan dakavSirebuli uaryo-
fiTi movlenebi. pilingeri (2001:7) miuTiTebs zogad tendenciaze
ufro individualuri uflebebis mimarTulebiT, rac xasiaTdeba
universaluri momsaxurebidan ufro seleqciuri momsaxurebebisa-
ken gadasvliT, romlebic mravalmxriv problemebs ufro koor-
dinirebuli meTodebiT ebrZvian. Tumca marTalia, globalizacia
iZleva meti moqnilobis saSualebas, is aseve SeiZleba mWidrod
daukavSirdes marginalizaciis axal formebs.
savaraudod, isini, vinc ukve kargad momzadebulni arian, ufro

advilad SeZleben gamoiyenon globalizaciis mier SemoTavazebu-
li SesaZleblobebi. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, TiToeul adamians unda
mieces SesaZlebloba, gamoiyenos axali teqnologiebi da masmedia,
iseve, rogorc mudmivi swavlebis Sansi. zogadad, globalizacia-
sTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs sami aRsaniSnavi momenti. pirveli aris
is, rom ar aris swori misi ganxilva erTganzomilebian anu homo-
genur WrilSi; misi gamovlinebebi da Sedegebi sxvadasxva adgilas
sxvadasxvagvaria. meore, gamoxmaurebas globalizaciis procesze,
iqneba es zesaxelmwifoebrivi organoebis, saxelmwifoebis, regio-
nebis Tu qveynebis mxridan, arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs misi zegav-
lenebisa da mosalodneli Sedegebis gansazRvrisaTvis. xolo mesa-
me aris is, rom globalizaciis procesis dawyebis Semdeg gaizarda
rogorc evropis farglebSi regionuli gansxvavebebisa da Seusaba-
mobebis xarisxi, ise maTi zrdis tempic.
centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi gabatonebuli saxelmwifoebis

damxobam aseve mniSvnelovani roli iTamaSa socialuri uflebebis
ganviTarebaSi. amis Sedegad aseTi qveynebi aRmoCndnen rTul gar-
damaval procesSi, xolo ufro farTo evropul doneze gaZlierda
SiSi centralizebuli saxelmwifo samarTlis normis safrTxeebis
winaSe, gansakuTrebiT bazarsa da individualur avtonomiaze sa-
varaudo negatiuri zemoqmedebis TvalsazrisiT. amasTan dakavSi-
27
rebuli faqtori, romelsac SeeZlo safrTxe Seeqmna socialuri

uflebebis sistemis legitimurobisaTvis evropaSi, aris qveynebs
Soris da maT SigniT regionuli gansxvavebebis zrda. rodesac xde-
ba kontinentze mdebare qveynebis Sedareba, Seusabamobebi Zalze
TvalSisacemia. ekonomikuri da politikuri wyobis da faseulo-
bebis cvlis Sedegebs uzarmazari zegavlena aqvT, gansakuTrebiT
centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi. maSin, rodesac po-
litikurma movlenebma mTavari roli iTamaSes am qveynebSi yofili
sistemebis mSeneblobasa da dangrevaSi, maTi rekonstruqciisas,
rogorc Cans, pirvel planze wamoiwia ekonomikasTan dakavSire-
bulma sakiTxebma da interesebma (dekoni 2000). yvela maCvenebeli
miuTiTebs imaze, rom reformam moiTxova Zalian didi socialuri
da ekonomikuri danaxarjebi (msoflio banki 1996; milanoviCi 1998;
stendingi 1998; gaero 1998). mzardma gansxvavebebma da uTanaswo
robam SeiZleba gaarTulos socialuri uflebebis koncefciis gan-
xorcieleba da dakanoneba.
socialur uflebebze sxva politikurma cvlilebebmac iqonies ze-

gavlena. qveynebSi da qveynebs Soris politikis formireba sul
ufro metad aris ganpirobebuli uTanxmoebis da/an aRiarebis po-
litikiT (filipsi 1999). mzardi individualizmis konteqstSi sa-
xelmwifoebs aRelvebT is aucilebloba, rom unda aRiaron, erTis
mxriv, gansxvavebebi sxvadasxva jgufebs Soris (sqesis, eTnikuri
warmomavlobis, erovnebis, enisa da kulturis safuZvelze), xolo,
meores mxriv, adamianebis kuTvnileba ama Tu im jgufisadmi. am
TvalsazrisiT sakiTxi dgeba adamianebsa da jgufebs Soris politi-
kuri Tanasworobis mniSvnelobaze. amasTan dakavSirebiT gamowvevas
ayenebs nacionalizmis zrda, rac, misi yvelaze eqskluziuri da
agresiuli versiebiT, SeiZleba daupirispirdes universalurobis
princips, romelic xazs usvams uflebebze damyarebul midgomas.
rogorc ekonomikuri da politikuri transformaciebi, aseve fa-
seulobaTa cvlileba zemoqmedebas axdens socialur uflebebze.
eWvis qveS dgeba sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebis tradiciuli ideo-
logia, gansakuTrebiT deregulaciis Sedegad. es movlenac aseve
Seicavs riskebsa da SesaZleblobebs. arCevani ganixileba, rogorc
mniSvnelovani sazogadoebrivi keTildReoba, romlis saSuale-
biTac iqmneba moTxovna iseT momsaxurebaze, romelic metad ak-
mayofilebs momxmarebelTa saWiroebebs. aseve SeiZleba gaCndes
arasamTavrobo da sxva sazogadoebrivi organizaciebisaTvis kom-
petenciis gazrdis SesaZlebloba. magram erT-erTi ZiriTadi riski
arCevanis pirobebSi aris is, rom SeiZleba socialurad daucveli
fenebisTvis gaZneldes momsaxurebisa da Semweobebis miReba. aris
aseve saSiSroeba, rom Seicvalos sazogadoebrivi azri da mxar-
daWera socialuri uflebebis mimarT, rodesac piradi interesis
an sxva mizezebis gamo sazogadoebis zogierT nawils aRar surs
28
gadaixados gadasaxadebi, romlebic saWiroa socialuri SeRavaTe-

bisa da uflebebis sruli paketisaTvis.
zogadad rom vTqvaT, globalizacia, centralizebuli saxelmwi-

foebis damxoba centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi da cvalebadi
politikuri kursi da faseulobebi aris is, ramac gamoiwvia soli-
darobisa da socialuri TanamSromlobis arsebuli bazis gadasinj-
vis aucilebloba. amitom ueWvelia, rom is foni, ramac xeli Seuwyo
socialuri, politikuri da ekonomikuri uflebebis ganzogadebas
evropaSi, icvleba. Tumca es ar unda iqnes gagebuli ise, TiTqos
damokidebuleba socialuri uflebebis mimarT evropaSi Sesustda.
sinamdvileSi ganxorcielebuli reformebi cxadyofs, rom evropu-
li qveynebis umetesoba ar ambobs uars Tavis valdebulebebze so-
cialuri uflebebis mimarT. ar niSnavs imis uaryofas, rom gadaigda
nabijebi SeRavaTebisa da momsaxurebebis dagegmvis gaZlierebisaken,
individualuri pasuxismgeblobis gazrdisa da sajaro seqtoridan
riskebis kerZo da sabazro seqtorebSi gadanacvlebisaken. miuxeda-
vad amisa, rogorc aRmoCnda, socialuri normebi da uflebebi sak-
maod moqnilia. winamdebare angariSi ar iZleva detaluri msjelobis
saSualebas, magram, rogorc aRniSnaven ferera da rodsi (2000:258)
da sxvebi1, arsebobs safuZveli imisa, rom vivaraudoT, rom cvli-
lebebze globalizaciisa da sxva Zalebis saerTo zemoqmedebis Se-
faseba SeiZleba gadaWarbebuli yofiliyo. maSin, rodesac sadavo
ar aris is faqti, rom centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qvey-
nebma Zireuli cvlilebebi ganicades, isini moZraoben saerTo mi-
marTulebiT socialur uflebebze orientirebuli sistemisaken da
ara sxva mimarTulebiT. WeSmaritad, socialuri uflebebi xelaxla
mkvidrdeba, rogorc sabazro ekonomikis aucilebeli komponenti.
saerTo jamSi, socialuri uflebebi aris Tanamedrove evropuli sa-
zogadoebis gamokveTili orientiri.
1.3. socialuri uflebebis uaryofis midgomis Sedegebi
am TavSi Cven SevexebiT socialuri uflebebis aqtualurobis sa-

kiTxs Tanamedrove msoflioSi da imas, saWiroa Tu ara socialuri
uflebebis koncefciaSi cvlilebebis Setana dRevandeli evropis
socialuri, ekonomikuri da politikuri realobis Sesabamisad.
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom axla ufro meti kiTxva ismis, vidre

warsulSi, evropuli socialuri modelis socialuri uflebebis
safuZvlebTan dakavSirebiT, unda aRiniSnos socialuri uflebe-
bis mudmivi aqtualuroba `gamravleba-gayofisa~ da globaliza-
ciis epoqaSi.
1. ix., magaliTad, borCerti (1995), dali (1997) da sakesi, palieri da priori (2001).
29
arsebobs mxolod ori argumenti imis dasamtkiceblad, rom so-

cialuri uflebebi aRar aris aqtualuri. pirveli argumenti so-
cialuri uflebebis aqtualurobis sawinaaRmdegod yuradRebas
amaxvilebs solidaristuli Rirebulebebis SesaZlo cvlilebaze
(adamianebsa da saxelmwifoebs Soris). Tu is ZiriTadi Rirebu-
lebebi, romlebic safuZvlad udevs socialur uflebebs, aRar
sargeblobs farTo mxardaWeriT, safrTxis qveS dgeba socialuri
uflebebis kanoniereba. am TvalsazrisiT saTanadod unda iqnes
Sefasebuli socialuri uflebebis politikuri mniSvneloba. imis
gamo, rom maT pretenzia aqvT resursebze, es uflebebi seriozul
gamocdas uyeneben im mosazrebas, rom moqalaqeoba aris ZiriTa-
dad politikuri da samoqalaqo statusis sakiTxi (planti 1992:16).
socialuri uflebebis mizania, moqalaqis statuss mieces mate-
rialuri safuZveli. T. marSali (1965) ganmartavda maT, rogorc
erTobliobas iseTi uflebebisa, rogoric aris mciredi ekono-
mikuri keTildReobisa da uzrunvelyofis ufleba, socialuri
memkvidreobis srulad ganawilebis ufleba da ufleba icxovro,
rogorc civilizebulma adamianma mocemul sazogadoebaSi miRe-
buli standartebis Sesabamisad. rogorc planti aRniSnavs, so-
cialuri uflebebi niSnavs imas, rom moqalaqeTa valdebulebebi
ar wydeba urTierTCaurevlobis principze; aq igulisxmeba po-
zitiuri valdebulebebi, rom uzrunvelyofili iyos resursebi
saerTo, koleqtiuri keTildReobisaTvis. ar arsebobs safuZveli
imisa, rom vivaraudoT, rom solidaristul RirebulebebSi moxda
seriozuli regresi. realurad, mosaxleoba dRevandel evropaSi
mxars uWers imas, rasac SeiZleba ewodos tradiciuli Rirebule-
bebi da principebi rogoric aris ndoba, erToba da solidaro-
ba (evrokomisia 2001).
socialuri uflebebis sawinaaRmdego meore argumenti aris is,

rom Seicvala ZiriTadi saWiroebebis xasiaTi. es ganacxadic aseve
safuZvels moklebulia. sinamdvileSi, dacvis saWiroeba, rodesac
saqme exeba dasaqmebas, janmrTelobas, sacxovrebel pirobebs, Se-
mosavals, socialur uzrunvelyofas da ganaTlebas, iseTi Zlie-
ria, rogorc arasdros. anu axalma saWiroebebma Tu uflebebma
ver Secvala ZiriTadi socialuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli
saWiroebebi, ramac, pirvel rigSi, gamoiwvia socialuri uflebe-
bis reglamentireba. yovel SemTxvevaSi, unda visaubroT sxvadasx-
va dargSi eqspansiaze, rac unda CaiTvalos ZiriTad saWiroebebad.
davakvirdeT dRevandel teqnologiur da inteleqtualur sazoga-
doebas da imas, Tu ra advilad CamorCebian adamianebi movlenebs,
Tu isini ar arian dakavSirebulni masmediasTan da axal teqnolo-
giebTan. codnis gamudmebul miRebas sasicocxlo mniSvneloba eni-
Weba dRevandel cvalebad garemoSi. socialuri uflebebis axali
kategoriebis Camoyalibebis aucilebloba aRiarebulia evrokavSi-
30
ris mier ukanasknel xans miRebul ZiriTad uflebaTa qartiaSi.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, masSi moxseniebulia Tanamedrove ufle-
bebi rogorc bioeTikis, ise piradi informaciis daculobis Tval-
sazrisiT.
kiTxva, saWiroa Tu ara, visaubroT axali socialuri uflebebis

Sesaxeb, aqtualuri da mniSvnelovania. im uflebebs Soris, romle-
bic wamoiWreba amasTan dakavSirebiT, aris kulturuli uflebebi,
globaluri da ekologiuri moqalaqeobrivi uflebebi da bavSvTa
uflebebi.1 kulturul uflebebze msjelobisas dgeba mniSvnelova-
ni sakiTxebi kulturul faseulobebSi gansxvavebebis pativiscemis
Sesaxeb, aseve imis aRiarebis Sesaxeb, rom qveynis SigniT jgufebsa
da adamianebs unda hqondeT TavianTi kulturuli TviTmyofado-
bis da am TviTmyofadobisa da kulturis SenarCunebisa da ganvi-
Tarebis ufleba. am mxriv mniSvnelovania ori samarTlebrivi aqtis
- erovnul umciresobaTa dacvis CarCo konvenciisa da regionuli
enebis an umciresobaTa enebis evropuli qartiis amoqmedeba 1998
wels imiT, rom maT saSualeba misces im umciresobebs, romlebsac
SeexebaT es dokumentebi, moiTxovon TavianTi socialuri uflebe-
bi. globaluri da ekologiuri moqalaqeobrivi uflebebi Seicaven
iseTi socialuri wyobis uflebas, romelSic moqmedebs garemos
dacva da aRiarebulia adamianTa ufleba, miiRon informacia da
resursebi, romlebic saSualebas miscems maT, win aRudgnen eko-
logiur degradacias. rac Seexeba bavSvTa uflebebs, SeTanxmebuli
zomebi iqna miRebuli gasul aTwleulSi, raTa bavSvebisTvis mie-
niWebinaT ZiriTadi uflebebi da aseve ekonomikuri da socialuri
uflebebi.
magaliTad, 1989 wlis gaero-s bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia aniWebs

bavSvebs mTel rig uflebebs, maT Soris uflebebs, romlebic im
dros axali iyo, rogoric aris arsebobis, dacvis da ganviTarebis
ufleba, aseve monawileobis ufleba. bavSvis uflebaTa evropuli
konvencia (1996), romelic arc ise didi xania, rac ZalaSi Sevida,
miznad isaxavs bavSvTa interesebisa da uflebebis dacvas. is Sei-
cavs garkveul procedurul zomebs, romlebic ganzraxulia imi-
saTvis, rom uzrunvelyofili iyos bavSvTa uflebebis pativiscema,
da ayalibebs mudmivmoqmed komisias, romelic imuSavebs konven-
ciasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. bavSvebs SeuZliaT isargeblon
TavianTi uflebebiT magaliTad, iyvnen informirebulebi da ga-
moxaton TavianTi Sexedulebebi damoukideblad an sxva pirebisa
Tu organoebis meSveobiT. garda amisa, es axali evropuli samarT-
lebrivi aqti daexmareba saxelmwifoebs gaero-s bavSvis uflebaTa
konvenciis ganxorcielebaSi.
1. es da sxva axali uflebebi ganxilulia van steenbergis (1994) da eidis, krausissa
da rosas (1995) mier gamocemul krebulebSi.
31
albaT udavoa, rom dRes Cven ver viarsebebT uflebaTa Caketili

kategoriebis pirobebSi. magaliTad, Zlieri argumentacia SeiZleba
iqnes moyvanili ganviTarebisa da progresis, rogorc adamianis Zi-
riTadi saWiroebebis, sasargeblod iseT sazogadoebaSi, rogoric
dRes yalibdeba. adaptaciisa da cvlilebis unari Zalian mniSv-
nelovania iseT samyaroSi, sadac codnas swrafad gasdis vada da
sadac xdeba ganaTlebis, inovaciisa da riskianobis stimulireba.
am mxriv udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs ganaTlebisa da swavlis xelmi-
sawvdomobas met-naklebad mudmiv bazaze. faqtobrivad imis mtki-
cebac ki SeiZleba, rom codnasa da teqnologiasTan dakavSirebuli
ganaTleba da ganviTareba aucilebelia marginalizaciis da gari-
yulobis zrdis SeCerebisaTvis. yvela adamians unda hqondes winsv-
lisa da ganviTarebis ufleba, iqneba es SemecnebiT, socialur,
kulturul Tu emociur doneze.
socialuri uflebebis sasargeblod isic unda aRiniSnos, Tu ra

danaxarjebTan aris dakavSirebuli uflebebze orientirebuli mid-
gomis ganuxorcielebloba. siRaribisa da socialuri gariyulobis
aRmniSvneli cifrebi Zlieri argumentia imis dasamtkiceblad, rom
xalxs ara aqvs saSualeba, moipovos socialuri uflebebis xel-
misawvdomoba. evrokavSiris wevr qveynebze uaxlesi informaciis
Tanaxmad, evrokavSiris mosaxleobis 18% cxovrobda siRaribeSi1
1997 wels da adamianTa igive raodenoba (17%) mravalmxriv ara-
xelsayrel pirobebSi iyo finansuri mdgomareobis, elementaruli
saWiroebebisa da sacxovrebeli pirobebis TvalsazrisiT (evrokav-
Siris sabWo 2001b:16). postsocialistur qveynebSi siRaribis Sesa-
xeb arsebuli monacemebis mixedviT, centraluri evropis qveynebSi
mosaxleobis 9%-dan 45%-mde iTvleboda Raribad 2000 wels (ru-
mineTi 45%; poloneTi 18%; ungreTi 9%), rodesac yofi-
li sabWoTa kavSiris zogierT qveyanaSi2 es cifri 40%-dan 75%-s
aRwevda (http://www.odci.gov ). yovelive es SeiZleba gamoyenebuli
iqnes argumentad evropaSi socialuri uflebebis gavrcelebis
stimulirebisa da politikuri nebisa da potencialis gaZlierebis
mizniT, rom moxdes resursebis mobilizeba socialuri sakiTxebis
mosagvareblad uflebebze orientirebuli midgomis safuZvelze.
am mxriv aqtualuaria siRaribisa da socialuri marginalizaciis

kuTxiT evrokavSiris mier aRebuli kursis bolo miRwevebi. socialu-
ri integraciis procesi, rogorc cnobilia, 2000 wlis dekemberSi,
nicis evropul sabWoze, daiwyo. is emyareba oTx farTomasStabian
amocanas. pirveli amocanaa xalxis dasaqmebisa da muSaobisTvis au-
1. dadgenilia imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom Semosavali aris gasaSualoebuli erovnu-

li Semosavlis 60%-ze dabali.
2. procentuli maCveneblebi Semdegnairia: ruseTi: 40%, somxeTi: 45%, ukraina: 50%,
azerbaijani: 60%, saqarTvelo: 60%, moldoa: 75%.
32
cilebeli resursebis, uflebebis, saqonlisa da momsaxurebis sayo-

velTao misawvdomobis xelSewyoba. meore amocanaa socialuri mar-
ginalizaciis riskis Tavidan acileba, xolo mesame yvelaze umweo
jgufebisTvis daxmarebis gaweva. amasTan dakavSirebiT strategia sa-
gangebod miuTiTebs imis saWiroebas, rom `garantirebuli iqnes, rom
yvela adamians hqondes aucilebeli resursebi, raTa icxovros adami-
anis Rirsebis Sesabamisad.~ da bolos, strategia miznad isaxavs, gaaer-
Tianos egreT wodebuli `Sesabamisi moqmedi pirebi~. aq igulisxmeba is
organoebi, jgufebi da adamianebi, romlebic aqtiurad arian Cabmul-
ni am sferoSi kanonebis SemuSavebaSi an sazogadoebriv Tu sxva saxis
saqmianobaSi; strategia saSualebas aZlevs maT, gadaWran maT winaSe
mdgari sxvadasxva problema. potenciur monawileebad arian dasaxe-
lebuli is adamianebic, romlebic Tavad arian Raribni an gariyulni.
socialuri integraciis procesi Sedgeba ori nawilisgan. pirveli
aris komisiisaTvis wevri saxelmwifoebis mier erovnuli samoqmedo
gegmebis wardgena (NAPs/incl)1 da maTi Sefaseba komisiisa da evropuli
sabWos mier. socialuri integraciis procesis meore nawili Sedge-
ba mravalerovnuli samoqmedo programisagan, romelic Seiqmna wevr
qveynebs Soris socialuri gariyulobis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi TanamS-
romlobis gaRrmavebis mizniT. am xuTwlian programas, romelic 2002
wlis ianvarSi daiwyo, gamoyofili aqvs biujeti 75 milioni evros
odenobiT da igi uzrunvelyofs wevr qveynebSi da qveynebs Soris Ro-
nisZiebebis dafinansebas.
garda amisa, xazi unda gaesvas uflebebis gamouyeneblobis midgo-

mis adamianur danaxarjebs. yvela is cvlileba, romelic aqamde iqna
ganxiluli, zemoqmedebas axdens adamianebze, ojaxebsa da Temebze,
iseve, rogorc mTlianad sazogadoebebze. faqtobrivad, SeiZleba
iTqvas, rom daucvel fenebs yvelaze Zvirad ujdebaT adaptacia
da cvlilebebi. am danaxarjebSi Sedis dakarguli SesaZleblobebis
gaTvla, iqneba es dakavSirebuli adamianebis pirad ganviTarebasa
da keTildReobasTan Tu TavianTi sazogadoebisa da qveynisTvis
sargeblobis motanis SansTan. amitom socialuri dacvis qselebi
aucilebelia, Tuki ganviTarebis xarjebi unda Semcirdes iqamde,
sadac yvelaze advilad moxdeba maTi dakmayofileba. aseTi qsele-
bi kidev erT mniSvnelovan funqcias asruleben im mxriv, rom maTi
upiratesobaa, miscen adamianebs riskis gawevis saSualeba.
da bolos, Cven SegviZlia ganvixiloT socialuri uflebebis gafar-

Toeba, rasac adgili hqonda evropaSi evropis sabWosa da evrokav-
1. NAPs/incl aRniSnavs erovnul samoqmedo gegmebs siRaribisa da socialuri margi
nalizaciis winaaRmdeg. socialuri integraciis procesis pirvel etapze TiToeulma
wevrma saxelmwifom warmoadgina mis mier SemoTavazebuli prioritetebi da zomebi
orwliani periodisTvis (ivlisi 2001-ivnisi 2003) gegmis saxiT, romelic gamiznulia
socialuri integraciis xelSewyobisa da siRaribisa da socialuri marginalizaciis
daZlevisaken. erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebis Semdegi raundi 2003 wels Catardeba.
33
Siris mxardaWeriT, rogorc uflebebze orientirebuli midgomis

mzardi mniSvnelobis dasabuTeba. evrokavSiris midgomis Tavisebu-
reba amJamad is aris, rom xazi gausvas socialur politikas, ro-
gorc faqtors warmoebaSi da, amave dros, produqtiul faqtors.
ekonomika ver ganviTardeba socialuri vakuumis pirobebSi, xolo
socialuri uflebebis gaZliereba emsaxureba, sxvaTa Soris, moma-
vali socialuri da politikuri ganxeTqilebis saSiSroebis Semci-
rebas. Tu am kuTxiT ganvixilavT, socialuri uflebebis daniSnu-
lebaa socialuri daZabulobis moxsna da ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi
wvlilis Setana. isini aseve xels uwyoben stabiluri sazogadoebis
Camoyalibebas, xolo stabiluri sazogadoeba aucilebeli pirobaa
stabiluri ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da stabiluri demokratiis
damkvidrebisaTvis.
aqedan gamomdinare, pasuxi unda iyos iseTi, romelic emyareba im

sqemas, romelic iqca klasikurad evropaSi gasuli naxevari sau-
kunis manZilze rodesac problemebi ar ganixileba, rogorc
calkeuli saxelmwifoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli. am TvalsazrisiT
zesaxelmwifoebrivi, regionuli da lokaluri resursebi da sa-
marTlebrivi dokumentebi gaerTianebulia im ideiT, rom evropam
unda imoqmedos SekavSirebulad imisaTvis, rom iyos WeSmaritad
`socialuri~.
34
2. socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis
analizis struqtura
winamdebare TavSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia angariSis moqmedebis

sferos dadgenasa da ganmartebaze da masSi gamoyenebuli analizis
struqturis gansazRvraze.
2.1. socialuri uflebebis ganmarteba da maTi

moqmedebis sferos dadgena
ar arsebobs socialuri uflebebis mza ganmarteba. rogorc wesi,

iuridiul teqstebsa da uflebebis Sesaxeb kvlevebSi ganasxvaveben
adamianTa uflebebis or yovlismomcvel kategorias: samoqalaqo
da politikur uflebebs da ekonomikur da socialur uflebebs.
arsebobs aseTi diferenciaciis garkveuli mizezebi, romelTagan
mTavari aris is mosazreba, rom uflebebis es ori jgufi gansx-
vavdeba Tavisi bunebiT. gansxvavebis pirveli wyaro ukavSirdeba
saxelmwifos rols. samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis formu-
lireba, Cveulebriv, xdeba saxelmwifos Carevisgan Tavisuflebis
TvalsazrisiT, xolo socialuri uflebebi ufro metad gulisx-
mobs moTxovnas saxelmwifos mimarT dacvasa da daxmarebaze. ami-
tom socialuri uflebebi gulisxmobs aqtiur saxelmwifos (inter-
ventsac ki) da emyareba filosofias, romelic ukavSirdeba `karg
sazogadoebas, da imas, Tu rogorc SeuZlia saxelmwifos amaSi
wvlilis Setana. amas mivyavarT socialuri uflebebis meore dama-
xasiaTebel Tvisebamde. samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebi Ta-
visi bunebiT ufro xSirad èqvemdebareba sasamarTlo ganxilvas
(gaTvaliswinebulia kanonmdeblobaSi da gamoiyeneba sasamarTloe-
bisa da sasamarTlo organoebis mier), maSin, rodesac socialuri
uflebebi ufro metad xorcieldeba politikisa da socialuri
uzrunvelyofis saSualebiT. ufro metic, samoqalaqo da poli-
tikuri uflebebi iTvleba àbsolutur da `dauyovnebliv gansa-
xorcielebel uflebebad, xolo socialuri uflebebi aRiarebu-
lia, rogorc programuli da etapobrivad ganxorcielebadi (eide
1995a:22).
rogorc aRmoCnda, zemoT aRniSnuli savaraudo gansxvavebebidan

bevri gadaWarbebulia. samarTlebriv ganxilvas socialuri ufle-
35
bebic eqvemdebareba, xolo samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis

àbsoluturoba da `dauyovnebliv gansaxorcielebloba gark-
veul kiTxvebs mainc badebs. garda amisa, evolucia droTa gan-
mavlobaSi mimarTuli iyo samoqalaqo/politikuri uflebebisa da
socialuri uflebebis integraciis gaRrmavebisaken (eide 1995a). es
dasabuTebulia ara mxolod gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi,
aramed evrokavSiris ZiriTadi uflebebis qartiaSic. orives aqvs
yovlismomcveli midgoma da Seicavs uflebaTa sxvadasxva jgufebs
erTmaneTis gverdigverd. evrokavSiris midgoma aris uflebebis
sxvadasxva kategorias Soris urTierTdamokidebulebis xazgas-
ma. adamianis uflebebi es aris ganuyofeli uflebebi, romlebic
iZleva adamianis Rirsebis pativiscemis garantias. am principiT
adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia uzrunvelyofs adamianis
samoqalaqo da politikur uflebebs; evropis socialuri qarti-
iT da evropis Sesworebuli socialuri qartiiT garantirebuli
socialuri uflebebi adamianis aRniSnuli uflebebis bunebrivi
nawilia. es socialuri uflebebi moicavs dasaqmebis, socialuri
uzrunvelyofis, sacxovrebeli pirobebis, jandacvis, ganaTlebis
miRebis da diskriminaciisgan dacvis uflebas.
Tumca socialur uflebebs aqvT mniSvelovani damaxasiaTebeli

niSnebi, romlebic unda gamoiyos. pirvel rigSi, kidev erTxel
unda aRiniSnos, rom kanoni ar aris erTaderTi sayrdeni wertili
socialuri uflebebisTvis. es aris kanonisa da socialuri nor-
mis nazavi. marTlac, bubnovi-skoberne (2001: 27) aRniSnavs, rom
socialuri uflebebis tipi da sfero konkretul saxelmwifoSi,
iseve, rogorc im adamianTa wre, visac SeuZlia am uflebebiT sar-
gebloba, gacilebiT ufro metad aris damokidebuli qveynis eko-
nomikur da politikur situaciaze, vidre saerTaSoriso da kon-
stituciur samarTlebriv normebze. aseT SemTxvevaSi socialuri
uflebebis pirveladi daniSnulebaa saxelmwifos pozitiuri val-
debulebebi da socialuri uflebebis realizaciis uzrunvelyofa
im mimarTulebiT, rom gadaidgas nabijebi resursebis gamoyo-
fisaTvis da socialuri momsaxurebis da SeRavaTebis amoqmede-
bisaTvis. socialuri uflebebis misawvdomobaze, rac am angariSis
centralur Temas warmoadgens, mniSvelovan zegavlenas axdens is,
rasac SeiZleba ewodos socialuri uzrunvelyofis struqtura.
mTavari SekiTxva socialuri uflebebis mimarT aris is, Tu rogor
aris agebuli maTi ganxorcielebis meqanizmi. kanoniT aris dacu-
li, Tu es aris iseTi ram, rac gamoixateba saerTo politikuri
miznebis sistemiT.
socialuri uflebebis ganmartebis kidev erTi gza aris im faseu-

lobebisa da orientirebis gansazRvra, romlebsac isini Seicaven
sazogadoebisa da socialuri keTildReobis TvalsazrisiT. ker-
36
socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis analizis struqtura
Zod, socialurma uflebebma aseve SeiZines TavianTi mniSvneloba

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ras niSnavs iyo sazogadoebrivi procese-
bis monawile an sazogadoebis wevri. am mxriv socialuri uflebebi
gulisxmobs socialuri erTobis, solidarobis, Tanasworobisa da
integraciis valdebulebas. isini aseve zrunaven daucveli fenebis
dacvaze.
miuxedavad imisa, rom arsebobs socialuri uflebebis gansazRvri-

sa da interpretaciis mravali gza, winamdebare angariSSi, zemoT
aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, xazgasmulia is, rom socialuri uf-
lebebi dakavSirebulia rogorc individualur saWiroebebTan, ase-
ve socialur erTobasTan. am gagebiT, socialuri uflebebi, gamo-
xatuli iuridiuli Tu sxva formiT, es is pirobebia, romlebic
aucilebelia adamianebis socialuri saWiroebebis dakmayofile-
bisaTvis da socialuri integraciisa da solidarobis xelSewyo-
bisaTvis. rac Seexeba socialuri uflebebis Sinaarss, angariSSi
daculia evropis socialuri qartiis midgoma, misi Tavdapirveli
da Sesworebuli versiebis Tanaxmad, rom ganisazRvros socialuri
uflebebis moqmedebis sxvadasxva sferoebi aRniSnul saqmianoba-
sTan mimarTebaSi. amrigad, aq socialuri uflebebi ganmartebulia,
rogorc dakavSirebuli socialur dacvasTan, sacxovrebel piro-
bebTan, dasaqmebasTan, jandacvasa da ganaTlebasTan.
2.2. analizis struqtura socialuri uflebebis

xelmisawvdomobis SeswavlisaTvis
socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomoba winamdebare angariSSi gan-

xilulia, rogorc kompleqsuri analizis nawili. amgvarad, ufle-
bebis miReba es aris procesis nawili da socialuri uflebebis
ganxorcielebisa Tu miRebisaTvis unda arsebobdes garkveuli pi-
robebi.
es miuTiTebs garkveul dabrkolebaTa Tu winaaRmdegobaTa erTob-

liobaze, romlebic moqmedeben socialuri uflebebis ganxorcie-
lebis sawinaaRmdegod. ar aris uCveulo yuradRebis gamaxvileba
konkretuli adamianebis Tu jgufebis naklovanebebsa da Secdomeb-
ze, rodesac ganixileba socialuri uflebebis realizaciasTan
dakavSirebuli problemebi. Tu uaryofiT WrilSi ganvixilavT,
xSirad iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom im sferoSi, sadac arsebobs pro-
blemebi socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobasTan dakavSirebiT,
es gamowveulia Tavad adamianebis an jgufebis garkveuli naklova-
nebebiT an xarvezebiT. amiT ara mxolod araswori interpretacia
eZleva socialuri uflebebis WeSmarit arss, aramed xdeba pasu-
xismgeblobis acileba da amave dros imis araRiareba, rom imisaT-
37
vis, rom adaminebma isargeblon TavianTi socialuri uflebebiT,

garkveuli pirobebi unda Sesruldes. uflebebis ganxorcieleba-
Si CarTulia sxvadasxva faqtori, iseve, rogorc sxvadasxva mo-
qmedi pirebi. am procesSi monawileobs kanoni, procedurebi da
normebi da TiTeuli (an yvela) SeiZleba Seusabamo iyos an iseTi
sistema hqondes, rom sirTuleebi Seqmnas socialuri uflebebis
realizaciaSi. aq CarTulia mTeli rigi monawileebisa, maT Soris
mTavroba, saxelmwifo organizaciebi, socialuri partniorebi
da arasamTavrobo organizaciebi saxelmwifo, regionul da adgi-
lobriv doneebze, iseve, rogorc pretendentebi, anu isini, visac
surs isargeblos Tavisi uflebebiT. aqedan gamomdinare, socialu-
ri uflebebis xelmisawvdomoba damokidebulia Semdegze:
uflebis deklarirebaze, formulirebasa Tu formaze;
dawesebul meTodsa da procedurebze, aseve uflebis amoqmede-

bisTvis saWiro resursebis arsebobaze;
uflebebze potenciuri pretendentebis mdgomareobaze, maT So-

ris maT SesaZleblobebsa da resursebze.
Cvens analizSi es faqtorebi erTmaneTTan mWidrod aris dakavSi-

rebuli. amis safuZvelSi gatarebuli idea is aris, rom socialuri
uflebebis xelmisawvdomoba qmnis erTgvar jaWvs, romlis saSu-
alebiTac uflebis deklarireba an formulireba, is meTodi, rom-
liTac is unda ganxorcieldes, da is procedurebi da resursebi,
romlebic saWiroa misi ganxorcielebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT uf-
lebebis potenciuri pretendentebis an momxmareblebis mxridan,
yvela erTmaneTTan aris gadajaWvuli.
rac Seexeba pirvels, uflebis formulireba an forma moicavs mis

samarTlebriv xasiaTs da im socialuri uzrunvelyofis struqtu-
rasa da sxva aspeqtebs, rac aZlevs mas samarTlebriv Zalas. am
TvalsazrisiTUunda aRiniSnos, rom socialuri uflebebis xelmi-
sawvdomoba ar SeiZleba uzrunvelyofili iqnes uflebis samarT-
lebrivi formulirebiT an statusiT (im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac
ufleba kanonmdeblobiT aris dadgenili). ufro metic, ar arsebobs
pirdapiri kavSiri imas, Tu ra donemde regulirdeba socialuri
uflebebi erovnuli konstituciiT, da imas Soris, Tu ra donemdea
calkeuli uflebebi gaTvaliswinebuli kanonSi an rogoria mosax-
leobis socialuri pozicia (bubnovi-skoberne 2001: 36). amrigad,
samarTlebrivi statusi ganxiluli unda iqnes programebis stru-
qturisa da gegmis ZiriTad aspeqtebTan erTobliobaSi.
uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis procesis meore monawile elementia
38
socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis analizis struqtura
is meTodi, romliTac xdeba maTi realizacia. amasTan mimarTebaSi

ganxiluli unda iqnes socialuri uzrunvelyofis sajaro sistema
da is, gaTvaliswinebulia Tu ara masSi is programebi, pirobebi da
resursebi, romlebic aucilebelia socialuri uflebebis reali-
zaciis Tu gamoyenebisTvis. am mxriv wina planzea momsaxureba da
daxmareba, rodesac isini ukve aRWurvilia resursebiT da miwo-
debulia xalxisaTvis. aseve mTavrobisa da saxelisuflebo stru-
qturebis valdebulebaa ara mxolod saWiro resursebis gamoyofa,
aramed maTi gamoyenebis yvelaze efeqtiani gzebis gamonaxva. aq mu-
Saobs iseTi faqtorebi, rogoric aris uflebebis da daxmarebis mi-
Rebisa da moTxovnis procedurebi, momsaxurebis marTvis, organi-
zebisa da miwodebis xerxebi, kanonis cxovrebaSi gatarebis xarisxi
da is, Tu rogor aris mowyobili daxmarebasTan, momsaxurebasa da
procedurebTan dakavSirebiT komunikaciis (informirebis) siste-
ma. amasTan mimarTebaSi aseve aqtualuria sakiTxebi, romlebic da-
kavSirebulia personalis treningTan da uflebebis potenciuri
mflobelebisaTvis informaciis miwodebasTan.
rac Seexeba am jaWvis mesame rgols uflebebze potenciur pre-

tendentebs unda gvaxsovdes, rom adamianis uflebebi Tavisi
arsiT aris aramaJoritaruli (doneli 1994: 19). aramaJoritaru-
li niSnavs, rom isini exeba erTs da ara yvelas da miznad isaxavs
TiToeuli adamianis, da ara ubralod mosaxleobis umetesobis,
dacvas, rodesac zogierTebi gariyulebi rCebian. mokled rom vTq
vaT, es aris uflebebi, romlebic Seexeba xalxs maTi adamianuri
bunebis gamo. am fonze mniSvnelovania calkeuli (potenciuri)
pretendentis gamocdileba da mdgomareoba. uflebis moTxovna an
masze pretenziis gamocxadeba damokidebulia ara marto adamianis
iuridiul statusze, aramed im SesaZleblobebsa da resursebzec,
romlebic am adamians gaaCnia. es Seexeba rogorc finansur resur-
sebs, aseve inteleqtualur, socialur da kulturul SesaZleblo-
bebs. enobrivi SesaZleblobebi, informacia da codna, ekonomiku-
ri resursebi, socialuri komunikaciis unari, fsiqologiuri da
socialur-kulturuli resursebi, iseve, rogorc socialuri kon-
taqtebi (maT Soris arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan) es yvela-
feri unda iqnes mobilizebuli imisaTvis, rom adamianma moipovos
socialuri uflebebiT sargeblobis SesaZlebloba. imis gaTvalsi-
winebiT, Tu ramdenad araTanabrad aris gadanawilebuli resursebi
sazogadoebebs Soris da maT SigniT, Zalian mniSvnelovania imaTi
gamocileba, visac aklia am resursebidan romelime. es SeiZleba
iyos socialurad daucveli jgufebi, magram es yovelTvis ase
ar aris, vinaidan bevri adamiani, romelic Cveulebriv ar iTvle-
ba `daucvelad, SeiZleba aRmoCndes situaciaSi, rodesac ver as-
rulebs uflebis mopovebisTvis aucilebel pirobebs. magaliTad,
aseTi ram SeiZleba moxdes, rodesac adamianebi icvlian samuSao
39
mdgomareobas an maT ojaxur mdgomareobaSi xdeba raRac mniSv-

nelovani cvlileba (rogoric aris ganqorwineba). amosavali wer-
tili evropis sabWos muSaobaSi yovelTvis iyo adamianis Rirseba
da sabWo ganixilavs mas, rogorc ganuyofels sazogadoebis ufro
daucveli fenebis mimarT pativiscemisa da maTze gansakuTrebuli
zrunvisagan. yuradRebis gamaxvileba xalxze aris sistemis adekva-
turobis damatebiTi kontrolis saSualeba, vinaidan socialuri
uflebebis nebismieri sqemis gamosacdelad saWiroa imis dadgena,
Tu ra xarisxiT aniWebs aseTi sqema uflebebis misawvdomobas `dau-
cvel an `gariyul jgufebs. amasTan mimarTebaSi ZiriTadi ana-
litikuri SekiTxva aris: ra saSualebebia saWiro imisaTvis, rom
adamianma daamtkicos Tavisi ufleba socialur uflebebze da aqvs
Tu ara xalxs da gansakuTrebiT daucvel fenebs sakmarisad aseTi
saSualebebi?
40
3. socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomoba
evropaSi realoba
uflebaTa komitetebis muSaobidan gamomdinare da, sxva wya

roebs Soris, proeqtis àdamianis Rirseba da socialuri mar-
ginalizacia~ (dafi 1998) safuZvelze arsebobs udavo dasa-
buTeba imisa, rom socialuri uflebis oficialuri saxiT
gaformeba ar iZleva imis garantias, rom es ufleba realurad
ganxorcieldeba praqtikaSi. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, arsebobs
socialuri uflebebis realizaciis xelis SemSleli rigi fa-
qtorebisa. nacvlad imisa, rom uflebaTa xelmisawvdomoba
CaiTvalos garantirebulad, uflebaTa sxvadasxva komitetis
mier Catarebuli kvlevebis Sedegebi miuTiTebs, rom socialu-
ri uflebebis xelmisawvdomoba garTulebulia. dabrkolebebi
Tavs iCens socialuri uflebebis mTeli jaWvis gaswvriv, anu
dawyebuli uflebis formiT an deklarirebiT, socialuri uf-
lebebis realizaciisTvis saWiro arsebuli meTodebiT, pro-
cedurebiTa da resursebiT da damTavrebuli im situaciebiT,
rodesac momxmarebeli an potenciuri momxmarebeli cdilobs
maT ganxorcielebas. aseTi dabrkolebebis aRnusxva yuradRe-
bas imsaxurebs.
aRniSnuli dabrkolebebi mravalgvaria da ar aris damaxa-

siaTebeli mxolod erTi sferosaTvis. winamdebare angariSSi
isini dajgufebulia ufro farTo xasiaTis Svid kategoriad,
romlebic mocemulia 1-l cxrilSi Tavisi yvelaze xSiri ga-
movlinebebiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom maTi gancalkevebulad
ganxilva xdeba mxolod analizisa da msjelobis mizniT.
praqtikaSi isini urTierTdamokidebulni da urTierTgada-
jaWvulni arian da amitomac ganixilebian rogorc xelSemS-
lel faqtorTa jaWvi, anu unda vivaraudoT, rom arsebobs
erTgvari spirali, romlis meSveobiTac xdeba socialuri
uflebebisgan gamoricxva.
socialuri uflebebis xelSemSlel faqtorTa jaWvi
aRniSnul faqtorTa siZliere da mniSvneloba gansxvavdeba sx-

vadasxva qveyanas Soris da Tavad am qveynebSi im konkretul
41
jgufebTan Tu uflebaTa sferoebTan mimarTebaSi, romle-

bisTvisac isini yvelaze mniSvnelovania. aqedan gamomdinare,
Sesabamisad miTiTebuli iqneba variantebi regionul da qvej-
gufebis doneze. Tumca winamdebare analizis farglebSi ga-
moyenebuli analizis zogadi struqturis Sesabamisad, ZiriTa-
di aqcenti gakeTdeba wevr saxelmwifoTa saerTo modelze.
3.1. uflebis formidan gamomdinare dabrkolebebi da

samarTlebrivi da sxva normebis adekvaturoba
am konteqstSi ganixileba sistema, rogorc samarTlebrivi, ise

normis struqturisa da formis TvalsazrisiT, romelSic so-
cialuri ufleba iuridiulad kodificirebuli da organizebu-
lia. warmoqmnili dabrkolebebis gamo sirTuleebi iqmneba ara
mxolod uflebebis realizaciis kuTxiT, aramed faqtobrivad
xdeba garkveuli adamianebis gamoricxva am sistemidan. pir-
veli SesaZlo dabrkoleba am TvalsazrisiT Seexeba imas, Tu
sad da rogor xdeba uflebis ganmarteba, kerZod ki exeba misi
ganmartebis sizustis xarisxs. meore dabrkoleba Cndeba, ro-
desac uflebebi SezRudulia mosaxleobis konkretuli nawi-
lebisaTvis. mesame dabrkolebas uflebaTa realizaciisaTvis
socialuri dacvis qselis naklovanebebi qmnis. meoTxe da-
brkoleba is aris, rom ar aris dazustebuli ZiriTadi zRva-
ri an minimaluri standarti (momsaxurebisa da daxmarebis).
mexuTe SesaZlo dabrkoleba ukavSirdeba uflebamosilebis an
Sesabamisobis struqturas, gansakuTrebiT im kuTxiT, Tu ro-
gor SeiZleba amiT adamianebis gamoricxva. meeqvse, gamoricx-
vis an sirTulis damatebiTi wyaro Cndeba, rodesac Seusabamo-
baa uzrunvelyofis struqturasa da moTxovnis an saWiroebis
xasiaTs Soris.
3.1.1. uzustoba uflebis an uflebamosilebis ganmartebaSi
erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi socialuri uflebebis ganmartebis

forma da moculoba Zlier cvalebadia. es cvalebadoba meryeobs
kanonSi socialuri uflebebis zusti ganmartebidan im zogad miz-
nebamde Tu ZiriTad principebamde, romlebic miRweuli unda iq-
nes politikis saSualebiT. saxelmwifos roli gansxvavdeba mTels
diapazonze, rac gamoixateba socialuri uflebebis ubralod pa-
tiviscemiT, maTi dacviT an maTi aqtiurad SesrulebiT (eide 1995b:
233). dasaxlebis mdgomareobis bolodroindeli kvlevis daxmare-
biT (BIPE 2000) SesaZlebelia ganvasxvavoT uflebebis ganmartebis
oTxi done:
42
socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomoba evropaSi realoba
ufleba, romelic daculia konstituciiT;
ufleba, romelic gansazRvrulia kanonmdeblobiT;
iseTi politikis arseboba, romelic uzrunvelyofs uflebis

realizacias;
praqtikaSi garantirebuli ufleba.
informacia praqtikaSi uflebebis xelmisawvdomobisaTvis

uflebebis samarTlebrivi aRiarebis formebis am da sxva va-
riaciebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb mwiria. ra Tqma unda, sasa-
marTlo wesiT ganxilvis saSualeba mniSvnelovania, magram
aseve SeiZleba moqmedebdes uflebis moTxovnis sxva forme-
bic. magaliTad, sacxovrebel pirobebTan dakavSirebul ufle-
bebTan mimarTebaSi zemoT aRniSnuli kvleviT dadginda, rom
praqtikaSi sacxovrebel pirobebze uflebis realizaciis
Sansi izrdeba, rodesac adamiani gadadis uflebamosilebis
pirvelidan meoTxe tipis ganmartebaze. sxvagvarad rom vTq-
vaT, sakmaod grZeli gza aris gasavleli konstituciaSi an sxva
kanonSi uflebis dafiqsirebidan uflebis realurad ganxor-
cielebamde. ufro metic, imisaTvis, rom praqtikaSi moxdes
maTi realizacia, socialuri uflebebisTvis unda arsebobdes
strategia, romelic orientirebuli iqneba am uflebebis Ses-
rulebaze. am konteqstSi aseve mniSvnelovania sacxovrebeli
pirobebis misawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa jgufis (CS-
LO) gamocdilebaze damyarebuli informacia im gagebiT, rom
sacxovrebeli pirobebis uflebis arsebobis aRiareba qveya-
naSi arsebuli sacxovrebeli standartebis SedarebiTi donis
ukuproporciulia. amgvarad, ufro naklebad savaraudoa, rom,
centralur da aRmosavleT evropasTan SedarebiT, dasavleT
evropis qveynebi oficialurad aRiareben sacxovrebeli pi-
robebiT uzrunvelyofis uflebas, miuxedavad imisa, rom maTi
sacxovrebeli pirobebis standartebi gacilebiT maRalia.
gansxvavebebi uflebis aRiarebis formebSi vlindeba rogorc

erovnul doneze, ise winamdebare angariSSi ganxilul sxvadasxva
socialur uflebebs Sorisac. sacxovrebeli pirobebi da dasaqmebis
uflebasTan dakavSirebuli resursebi, rogoric aris treningebi,
profesiuli ganviTareba da mudmivi swavleba, gacilebiT ufro
naklebad ganviTarebuli socialuri uflebebia, vidre, vTqvaT,
saxelmwifo Semweobis an ZiriTadi samedicino daxmarebis miRebis
ufleba.
43
cxrili 1. socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis xelis

SemSleli faqtorebis ZiriTadi tipebi
tipi xelis SemSleli faqtorebi

uflebis uflebis an uflebamosilebis arazusti ganmarteba
ganmarteba mosaxleobis garkveuli fenebisTvis gankuTvnili uflebebi
da iuri- socialuri usafrTxoebis qselis naklovanebebi
diuli ZiriTadi zRvris an minimaluri standartis ganmartebis arar-
da sxva seboba
normebis xelmisawvdomobis an uflebamosilebis gansakuTrebuli pirobebi
Sesabami- Seusabamobebi uzrunvelyofis xasiaTsa da saWiroebebs Soris
soba
arasaTa- arasaTanado monitoringi
nado mo- arasaTanado dacva uflebebis ganuxorcieleblobis winaaRmdeg
nitoringi diskriminacia da/an gansxvavebuli mopyroba
da aRsru- arasaTanado pasuxismgebloba momxmareblebis mimarT
leba
resursebis momsaxurebis mimwodeblebisaTvis:
nakleboba garkveuli resursebis ukmarisoba (dafinanseba, kadrebi, obie-
qtebi, teqnika)
resursebis xangrZlivad uzrunvelyofis an gamoyofis uunaroba
administrirebis doneebs Soris resursebis disbalansi
uflebaze pretendentebis an momxmareblebisaTvis:

garkveuli resursebis da SesaZleblobebis, maT Soris finansuri
resursebis, saganmanaTleblo SesaZleblobebis, personaluri
resursebis, socialuri unarebisa da kontaqtebis, nakleboba.
menejmenti dayofa administrirebis doneebs da momsaxurebis saxeebs Soris
da proce- arasaTanado integracia da konsultaciebi arasamTavrobo or-
duruli ganizaciebTan da momxmareblebTan
nawili procedurebis sirTule
momsaxurebis miwodebis formidan da praqtikidan gamomdinare
dabrkolebebi
informi- maRalxarisxiani informaciis arasaTanado maragi da nakadi
reba da mowodebuli informaciis arasaTando forma da xasiaTi
komunika- àxali an alternatiuli arxebis gamouyenebloba
cia
fsiqolo- momsaxurebis mimwodebelTa mxridan:
giuri da uaryofiTi molodini da mikerZoebuloba garkveuli jgufebis
socialur- mimarT
kultu- sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebuli stereotipebi garkveuli jgufe-
ruli bis mimarT
dabrkole- umciresobaTa kulturebis arcodna
bebi
uflebaze pretendentebis an momxmareblebis mxridan:
SiSisa da daucvelobis SegrZneba sajaro procedurebisa da
sistemebis Sedegad
dabali TviTSefaseba
kulturuli dabrkolebebi
44
arasa- daucveli jgufebi:

Tanado iseTi daucveli jgufebis arseboba, romelTac ar gaaCniaT
yuradReba `resursebi, rom moiTxovon daxmareba da momsaxureba
daucveli urTierTgadajaWvuli dabrkolebebis arseboba mosaxleobis
jgufebisa aseT fenebs Soris
da re-
gionebis daucveli regionebi:
mimarT mravamxrivad gaWirvebuli regionebis an dasaxlebuli punqte-
bis arseboba
investiciebis nakleboba garkveul dasaxlebebSi
klimaturi da geografiuli dabrkolebebi, romelTa gamoc
xdeba dasaxlebuli punqtebis an regionebis izolacia
3.1.2 uflebebi, romlebic SezRudulia mosaxleobis konkretuli

fenebisa da konkretuli situaciebisaTvis
uflebebi SeiZleba SezRuduli iyos mosaxleobis garkveul kate-

goriebamde, riTac gamoricxavs sxva kategoriebs. magaliTad, sa-
gadasaxado SeRavaTebi ekuTvniT mxolod maT, vinc ixdis gadasaxa-
debs. kidev erTi magaliTi: sacxovrebel pirobebTan dakavSirebuli
uflebebi zogjer Seexeba mxolod qveynis moqalaqeebs. amrigad,
ganze rCebian iuridiuli statusis mqone ucxoelebic da ukanono
rezidentebic. sacxovrebeli pirobebis misawvdomobaze momuSave
specialistTa jgufis (CS-LO) Tanaxmad, swored centraluri da
aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi moqmedebs uflebaTa yvelaze yov-
lismomcveli oficialuri sqema sabinao sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.
Tumca es unda ganvixiloT 3.1.1 punqtSi mocemuli informaciis
konteqstSi im gagebiT, rom im qveynebs, romlebic yvelaze farTod
aRiareben sabinao uflebebs, praqtikaSi aqvT yvelaze dabali donis
uzrunvelyofa am mimarTulebiT. aseve faqtia isic, rom garkveuli
situaciebi ara mxolod ar aris daculi socialuri uflebebiT,
aramed realurad aseTma situaciebma xalxs SeiZleba ar misces maTi
uflebebis moTxovnis saSualeba. amis klasikuri magaliTia mudmi-
vi sacxovrebeli misamarTis uqonloba. es aris winapiroba imisa,
rom adamianma miiRos praqtikulad yvela SeRavaTi da momsaxureba.
arastabilurma mdgomareobam, iqneba es dakavSirebuli samuSaos,
adgilmdebareobis Tu ojaxuri mdgomareobis cvlilebasTan, aseve
SeiZleba datovos adamiani socialuri uflebebis moqmedebis area-
lis farglebs gareT. asevea iseT situaciaSi, rodesac adamianis
resursebis done seriozulad icvleba drois mokle monakveTSi.
aseve moqmedebs asakobrivi barierebi. aq ZiriTadi momenti aris
is, rom uTanasworoba socialuri uflebebis misawvdomobasTan mi-
marTebaSi SeiZleba ar iyos mxolod zogadi Seusabamobebis an so-
cialuri daucvelobis cnobili wyaroebis damsaxureba.
socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa

jgufi (CS-PS) iZleva magaliTs imisa, rasac savaraudod SeiZleba
45
ewodos marginalizaciis axlad aRmocenebuli forma es gulisx-

mobs iseT praqtikas, rodesac qveynebi iyeneben Tavian saimigracio
da socialuri uzrunvelyofis kanonebs, raTa gamoricxon emigran-
tebi da/an TavSesafris maZieblebi socialuri SeRavaTebisa da
momsaxurebis sistemidan an gaamarTlon maT mimarT gansxvavebuli
mopyroba. amis Sedegia uflebebis orsafexuriani dajgufeba, sad-
ac Cveulebriv emigrantebisa da/an TavSesafris maZieblebisaTvis
gamoyofilia ufro dabali safexuris uzrunvelyofa. gamomdinare
aqedan, aseT jgufebs SeiZleba hqondeT SezRuduli an saerTod
ar hqondeT ufleba dasaqmebaze, profesiul ganviTarebasa da ga-
naTlebis miRebaze. aseT SemTxvevebSi es pirebi da maTi ojaxebi
ara mxolod ganwirulni arian gaWirvebuli yofisaTvis, aramed
sakmaod efeqturad xdeba maTi gariyva raime pozitiuri rolis
Sesrulebisagan im sazogadoebaSi, romelSic isini cxovroben. aq
kidev erTxel xazi unda gaesvas imas, rom ama Tu im teritoriaze
mcxovrebi nebismieri adamianis izolacia ewinaaRmdegeba adamianis
uflebebis ZiriTad arssa da ideas.
3.1.3 socialuri dacvis qselis naklovanebebi
marginalizaciis kidev erTi forma warmodgeba socialuri dac-

vis qselSi arsebuli naklovanebebidan. wevr qveynebSi arse-
bul socialuri dacvis qselSi arsebobs garkveuli TvalsaCino
naklovanebebi, romelTa Sedegadac adamianebs eqmnebaT dabrko-
lebebi imisaTvis, rom moiTxovon TavianTi socialuri uflebebi
an isini mTlianad izolirebulni rCebian am sistemidan. rogorc
socialuri dacvis misawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa jgu-
fi (CS-PS) gvamcnobs, amis gamo zogierT qveyanaSi SeuZlebeli
xdeba kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili garkveuli uflebebis ganxor-
cieleba. miuxedavad imisa, rom gardamavali qveynebis umetesobam
SeimuSava socialuri dacvis garkveuli minimaluri saxelmwifo
garantiebi, problemebi xSirad Tavs iCens maTi realizaciis
dros. siZneleebi SeiZleba warmoiqmnas, magaliTad, Semweobebis
araregularuli gadaxdis saxiT, rac gamowveulia saxelmwifo
fondebis ararsebobiT, saTanado kadrebis simciris an moTxov-
nebis ganxilvis gaWianurebis saxiT. rac ufro didia naklovane-
bebi, ufro metia uaryofisa da gariyulobis albaToba. imisda
miuxedavad, Tu riT aris es gamowveuli, uzrunvelyofis dana-
wevrebiT Tu dazRvevis an resursebis naklebobiT, realoba is
aris, rom evropis zogierT nawilSi socialuri dacvis qseli
arasrulyofilia. kidev erTi faqtori, rac iwvevs am naklovane-
bebs, aris janmrTelobisa da socialuri keTildReobis erTia-
ni xedvis ararseboba. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT didi problemebi
dgas im qveynebis winaSe, romlebmac mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi
ganicades drois xanmokle periodSi. garkveuli qveynebi serio-
46
zuli wnexis qveS aRmoCndnen da maT mouxdaT srulebiT axali

socialuri modelis Seqmna.
arasrulfasovneba SeuZlia gamoiwvios politikuri nebis xarisx-

sac. zogjer politikosebs ar hyofniT gambedaoba, rom miiRon
arapopularuli gadawyvetilebebi. es aris erT-erTi mizezi imisa,
rom ar arsebobs mxardaWera im zomebis gatarebisa, romlebic win
aRudgeboda dasaqmebasTan mimarTebaSi ararezidentebis mimarT
diskriminaciul damokidebulebas. dasaqmebaSi xelSewyobis ufle-
baze momuSave eqspertTa komiteti (CS-EM) zogadad miuTiTebs,
rom amgvari valdebulebis an politikuri nebis nakleboba SeiZle-
ba arsebobdes xelisuflebis an mmarTvelobis nebismieri doneze.
3.1.4 ZiriTadi zRvris an minimaluri normis ganmartebis ararseboba
zogierT sferoSi saerTod ar aris dadgenili an Zalze dabal

donezea dadgenili ZiriTadi saWiroebebis, rogoric aris, maga-
liTad, Semosavali da sacxovrebeli pirobebi, minimaluri dasaS-
vebi norma. es problema zog qveynebSi ufro mwvaved dgas, vidre
sxvebSi. amas ukavSirdeba is, rom ar arsebobs xelisuflebis val-
debulebebis zusti gansazRvreba im momsaxurebisa da resursebis
uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT, romlebic aucilebelia minimalu-
ri saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad. magaliTad, realuri situa-
ciis gamokvlevis Semdeg sacxovrebeli pirobebis misawvdomobaze
momuSave specialistTa jgufma (CS-LO) gamosca rekomendacia, rom
qveynebma unda ganmarton TavianT kanonmdeblobaSi àdekvaturi
sacxovrebeli pirobebis cneba da mkafiod gansazRvron pasuxism-
gebloba, raTa uzrunvelyofili iqnes aseTi adekvaturobis arse-
boba praqtikaSi.
3.1.5 uflebis an uflebamosilebis xelmisawvdomobis gansakuTre-

buli pirobebi
kidev erTi SesaZlo dabrkoleba ukavSirdeba uflebis formuli-

rebas. am mxriv yvelaze mniSvnelovania, Tu rogori sistemiT aris
mowyobili uflebis miRebis pirobebi. SesaZlebelia, moTxovnili
iyos garkveuli normebis Sesruleba, rasac mosaxleobis zogierTi
jgufi Tu seqtori ver daakmayofilebs. amis klasikuri magaliTia
mudmivi sacxovrebeli misamarTis qonis aucilebloba. programe-
bis da SeRavaTebis sistemis struqturaSi Semdgomi mosalodneli
problema aris is, rom rodesac adamiani ver akmayofilebs erTi
SeRavaTis an momsaxurebis miRebisTvis saWiro kriteriumebs, es
iwvevs misi uaryofisa da gamoricxvis mTel serias. arsebobs amis
damadasturebeli garkveuli faqtebi wevr qveynebSi. amasTan da-
kavSirebuli kidev erTi sakiTxi Seexeba Semweobis miRebas da im
47
faqts, rom aman SeiZleba faqtobrivad CamoarTvas am adamians sxva

SesaZleblobebi. magaliTad, zogierT qveyanaSi dasaqmeba SeuZle-
belia, rodesac adamiani iTxovs siRaribis Semweobas. maSin, ro-
desac aRiarebulia, rom uflebebis xelmisawvdomoba unda regu-
lirdebodes da amitom aucilebelia pirobebis daweseba, uflebis
mimcemi pirobebi xSirad isea Sedgenili, rom ufro gamomricxavia
da ara piriqiT. socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave
specialistTa jgufis (CS-PS) muSaobisas msgavsi problema gamov-
linda socialuri dacvis garkveul sferoebSi, kerZod, socialuri
daxmarebisa da sxva iseTi SeRavaTebis sferoSi, romelic damoki-
debulia saxelmwifo moxeleebis gadawyvetilebaze. SeiZleba isec
moxdes, rom programebisa da SeRavaTebis sistema imgvarad iyos
mowyobili, rom maT, visac es yvelaze metad sWirdebaT, yvelaze
didi sirTule SeeqmnaT maT miRebaSi.
3.1.6. Seusabamoba uzrunvelyofis xasiaTsa da saWiroebas Soris
socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemas axasiaTebs tendencia, iyos erTg-

varad moZvelebuli, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT sazogadoebebis cvlile-
bis xarisxs. demografiuli da sxva procesebi ise swrafad viTardeba
da imdenad Sors mimavalia, rom isini ganapirobeben momsaxurebisa
da daxmarebis sistemis regularulad gadaxedvis aucileblobas. es
rom ar gakeTdes, uzrunvelyofasa da im moTxovnebsa Tu saWiroebebs
Soris, romlebic man unda daakmayofilos, Seusabamoba warmoiqmne-
ba. aman aseve SeiZleba gamoiwvios adamianebis gamoricxva. es gansa-
kuTrebiT mniSvnelovania sabinao sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi. magaliTad,
sacxovrebeli pirobebis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa
jgufis (CS-LO) muSaoba miuTiTebs naklovanebebsa da Seusabamobebze
sacxovreblis sidideSi, tipsa da adgilmdebareobaSi. is axasiaTebs
socialurad daucveli pirebisaTvis misaRebi sacxovreblis ukmari-
sobas, rogorc universalur problemas, romelic gansakuTrebulad
mwvaved dgas qalaqis tipis dasaxlebebSi, magram aseve soflebis did
nawilSi. sacxovrebeli pirobebis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave specia-
listTa jgufi da uflebaTa sxva komitetebi yuradRebas amaxvileben
imaze, rom aucilebelia kanonmdeblebis mxridan mzadyofna imisaT-
vis, rom gansazRvron da gamoasworon xarvezebi, gansakuTrebiT sac-
xovrebeli farTebis ganawilebisa da uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT.
dRevandeli mdgomareobiT, Tavad sakanonmdeblo procesi saWiroebs
modernizebas, gansakuTrebiT privatizaciis Sedegebis marTvisa da
kontrolis kuTxiT.
dasaqmebaSi xelSewyobis uflebaze momuSave eqspertTa komite-

tis (CS-EM) mier gamovlenili iqna garkveulwilad gansxvavebuli
tipis Seusabamoba centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi.
komitetis dakvirvebiT, xangrZliv umuSevrobasTan brZolis mniSv-
48
nelovani dabrkoleba da faqtori, romelic asustebs am mimarTu-

lebiT adgilobrivi proeqtebis warmatebas, iyo Crdilovani ekono-
mikis farTo masStabi da misi urTierTdakavSirebuli problemebis
gadaWrisadmi erTiani midgomis ararseboba, dabali xelfasebi da
cudad dagegmili socialuri Semweobebis sistema.
3.2 arasaTanado monitoringiTa da aRsrulebis

uzrunvelyofiT gamowveuli xelis SemSleli
faqtorebi
mxolod kargi kanonebi da samarTlebrivi uzrunvelyofa ar aris

sakmarisi; saWiroa maTi monitoringi da cxovrebaSi gatareba. fa-
qtorTa kidev erTi erToblioba, romelic aferxebs socialuri
uflebebis miRebas, dakavSirebulia dadgenili normebis praqti-
kaSi muSaobis monitoringisa da kanonis ganxorcielebis uzrun-
velyofis naklebobasTan. amasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs rigi aso-
cirebuli dabrkolebebisa, maT Soris monitoringis da saTanado
sistemebis ararseboba, romlebic uzrunvelyofdnen uflebebis
ganuxorcieleblobisagan dacvas, diskriminaciisa da mikerZoebu-
li damokidebulebis arseboba praqtikaSi da momsaxurebis momxma-
reblebisadmi pasuxismgeblobis ararseboba.
3.2.1. arasaTanado monitoringi
zedamxedveloba imisa, Tu praqtikaSi rogor muSaobs Semweobe-

bisa da momsaxurebis sistema, Zalze SezRudulia. amis gaTvalis-
winebiT, xSirad ucnobia, Tu ramdenad akmayofilebs momsaxureba
Tavis miznebs. garda amisa, SedarebiT bundovani rCeba, Tu rogoria
momsaxurebis wvlili momxmareblebis an potenciuri momxmareble-
bis saWiroebaTa dakmayofilebaSi. SesaZlebelia isec moxdes, rom
uzrunvelyofis efeqturobas xels uSlides sxva pirobebis arar-
seboba, rogoric aris, magaliTad, Suamdgomloba. monitoringi
unda iyos programebisa da normebis struqturis nawili. rogorc
dasaqmebaSi xelSewyobis uflebaze momuSave eqspertTa komiteti
(CS-EM) aRniSnavs, monitoringi da Sefaseba iZleva saSualebas,
obieqturad SevxedoT dasaxul miznebs da maT ganxorcielebas.
momsaxurebis momxmareblebi eqspertTa Soris arian imis Sefasebi-
sas, asruleben Tu ara programebi TavianT miznebs.
3.2.2. arasaTanado dacva uflebebis ganuxorcieleblobis winaaRmdeg
arasaTanado dacva uflebebis ganuxorcieleblobis winaaRmdeg iwvevs

sirTuleebs praqtikaSi. pirvel rigSi dgeba saapelacio da samarT-
lebrivi dacvis procedurebis arsebobis sakiTxi. am TvalsazrisiT
49
unda aRiniSnos, rom, socialuri dacvis misawvdomobaze momuSave spe-

cialistTa jgufis (CS-PS) monacemebiT, zogierT qveyanaSi saerTod
ar arsebobs saapelacio procedura diskreciuli SemweobebisaTvis,
miuxedavad imisa, rom es aris socialuri qartiis precedentuli sa-
marTlis me-13 muxlis mkafiod gamoxatuli principi, romelic Se-
exeba socialuri da samedicino daxmarebis uflebas. iseve, rogorc
kompensaciis saSualebebi, saapelacio procedura mniSvnelovan rols
TamaSobs imaSi, rom mopovebuli iqnes monacemebi, Tu rogor xdeba
momsaxurebis an Semweobebis cxovrebaSi gatareba. amitom saapelacio
sistemis ararseboba aseve niSnavs socialuri uzrunvelyofis moni-
toringis garkveul devalvacias.
garda amisa, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom saapelacio sistemis efe-

qtianobas xels garkveul faqtorTa erTobliobac uSlis. erT-
erTi maTgani aris uwyebrivi da dargobrivi sazRvrebi. saapela-
cio procedurebis saTanadod gamoyenebis kidev erTi SesaZlo
dabrkoleba aris is, rom es sistema ar exmareba momxmareblebs
imaSi, rom efeqtianad gamoiyenon saapelacio meqanizmebi. maSinac
ki, rodesac saapelacio an sakompensacio procedurebi garanti-
rebulia qaRaldze, bevr momxmarebels dasWirdeba daxmareba maT
gamoyenebaSi. apelaciis TvalsazrisiT, miRebuli momsaxurebisa da
daxmarebis xarisxi SeiZleba iseTive mniSvnelovani iyos, rogorc
faqtiurad miRweuli gadawyvetileba.
garda saapelacio sistemisa, uflebebis ganuxorcieleblobisa-

gan dacva gulisxmobs garkveul prevenciul zomebs da sagangebo
situaciebTan gamklavebis mzadyofnas. am mxriv aqtualuria, ma-
galiTad, sakuTrebis uflebis CamorTmevis SemTxveva, iseve, ro-
gorc dasaxlebasTan dakavSirebuli da sxva sagangebo situaciebi.
rogorc sacxovrebeli pirobebis misawvdomobaze momuSave specia-
listTa jgufis (CS-LO) da uflebaTa sxva komitetebis naSromebSia
aRwerili, msgavsi da sxva tipis sagangebo situaciebisgan dasa-
cavad qveynebs erTmaneTisgan bevrad gansxvavebuli damcavi meqa-
nizmebi aqvT.
3.2.3. gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba da/an diskriminacia
am kuTxiT aseve aqtualuri kidev erTi naklovanebaa gansxvavebuli

damokidebulebisa da diskriminaciis arseboba. rogorc Cans, orive
farTod aris gavrcelebuli. marTalia, amis mizezi SeiZleba iyos
sakanonmdeblo xarvezebi an naklovanebebi, ufro savaraudoa, rom
gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba da diskriminacia arsebobdes imis
gamo, rom ar sruldeba monitoringi an kanonis cxovrebaSi ganxor-
cieleba, anda imis gamo, rom tardeba segregaciis da ara integra-
ciis politika. magaliTad, socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobaze
50
momuSave specialistTa jgufis (CS-PS) mier Catarebuli kvleva

cxadyofs, rom socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobasTan mimarTe-
baSi gansxvavebuli damokidebulebis faqtebi mravladaa sxvadasxva
qveyanaSi. gansxvavebuli damokidebulebis yvelaze xSiri safuZ-
veli xdeba erovneba da eTnikuri warmomavloba genderul niSan-
Tan erTad. dasaqmebaSi xelSewyobis uflebaze momuSave eqspertTa
komitetis (CS-EM) monacemebiT, arsebobs daufaravi rasizmi emi-
grantebis da/an eTnikuri umciresobebis mimarT da nacionaluri
warmomavlobis motiviT dasaqmebis perspeqtivebidan pirdapiri ga-
moricxvis faqtebi. genderTan mimarTebaSi uflebaTa TiToeuli
komitetis naSromSi xazgasmulia is, Tu ramdenad gansxvavebulad
epyrobian qalebs, rogorc momsaxurebis mimRebebs, vidre mama-
kacebs da, amdenad, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom momsaxureba
morgebulia mamrobiT standartebze, qalebs SeiZleba gadaulaxavi
dabrkolebebi SexvdeT.
3.2.4. arasaTanado pasuxismgebloba momsaxurebis momxmareblebisadmi
uflebaTa yvela komitetetis Sroma yuradRebas amaxvilebs im fa-

qtze, rom socialuri dacvis dawesebulebebisa da sajaro samsa-
xurebis funqcionireba ufro metad koncentrirebuli unda iyos
momxmarebelTa saWiroebebze da rom aucilebelia iseTi procedu-
rebis danergva, rom maT safuZvelze ganxorcieldes momsaxurebis
Sesrulebis Sefaseba da monitoringi. amJamad aseTi praqtika ar
aris farTod gavrcelebuli da cotaa imis damamtkicebeli fa-
qti, rom farTod danergilia iseTi midgoma, romelic priori-
tets aniWebs uflebamosili adamianebis saWiroebebs. amis gamo
momsaxurebis bevri mimwodeblis mxridan saWiroa xedvis Secvla.
es gulismobs nabijebis gadadgmas momxmarebelTa saWiroebebze
meti informaciis mosapoveblad, informaciis mosapoveblad imis
Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad aris dakmayofilebuli es saWiroebebi, aseve
iseTi procedurebis danergvas, romlebic reagirebas moaxdens am
informaciaze. kerZod, Tu momsaxurebisa da SeRavaTebis ganxor-
cielebaSi dadgenilia garkveuli SefasebiTi kriteriumebi, isini
agebuli unda iyos momxmarebelTa saWiroebebis garSemo. kanonis
ganxorcielebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT Zalian mniSvnelovania,
rom sajaro dawesebulebebSi momuSave adamianebi icnobdnen kanons
da srulad hqondeT gaTviTcnobierebuli TavianTi, rogorc mom-
saxurebis mimwodeblebis, movaleobebi.
3.3. resursebTan dakavSirebuli dabrkolebebi
adekvaturi resursebi socialuri uflebebis aucilebeli piro-

baa. rodesac isini ganixileba rogorc socialuri uflebebis rea-
51
lizaciis SesaZlo xelSemSleli dabrkoleba, mniSvnelovania re-

sursebis ganxilva im kuTxiT, rom gaTvaliswinebuli iyos xalxis
SesaZleblobebi. amaSi Sedis finansuri resursebi, iseve, rogorc
adamianuri resursebis an pirovnuli unarebis arsebobis an uzrun-
velyofis Seusabamoba an arasakmarisoba. resursebTan dakavSire-
buli dabrkolebebi uaryofiTad moqmedebs rogorc momsaxurebis
mimwodeblebze, ise mimRebebze (an potenciur mimRebebze).
3.3.1. resursebTan dakavSirebuli dabrkolebebi momsaxurebis

mimwodeblebis mxridan
rac Seexeba momsaxurebis mimwodeblebs da maT momsaxurebebs, yve-

laze mniSvnelovan resursTa Soris aris kvalificiuri da Sesafe-
risad momzadebuli personali. es aris sakiTxi, romelzec Zlier
aqcents akeTebda marginalur garemoSi mcxovrebi adamianebis jan-
mrTelobis dacvasa da jandacvis samsaxurebze moTxovnasTan jan-
dacvis samsaxurebis misadagebis specialistTa jgufi (SP-SPM). aq
aqtualuria ara mxolod profesionaluri kvalifikacia, aramed
muSakTa unari da survili, moepyran adamianebs Rirseulad da pa-
tiviscemiT da rom amomaval wertilad aRiaron momxmareblebis
an uflebaze pretendentebis saWiroebebi. sxva aseve mniSvnelovan
resursebs warmoadgenen Senobebi da mowyobilobebi (maT Soris te-
qnologiebi da aparatura).
gamocdileba cxadyofs, rom arsebobs finansuri saxsrebis, Seno-

bebisa da teqnikuri uzrunvelyofis nakleboba. albaT ar aris sa-
Wiro imis aRniSvna, rom socialuri programebis tipi da siuxve
damokidebulia arsebuli resursebis doneze. finansuri resurse-
bis ukmarisoba uaryofiTad moqmedebs ara mxolod Semweobebisa
da momsaxurebebis miwodebaze, aramed xarisxsa da efeqtianobaze
rogorc maTTvis, vinc muSaobs momsaxurebis sferoSi, ise maTTvi-
sac, vinc am momsaxurebas iyenebs. magaliTad, kadrebis nakleboba
savaraudod gamoiwvevs ufro dabal standartebs, iseve, rogorc
adamianebTan urTierTobaSi gawvrTnili kvalificiuri personalis
nakleboba, gansakuTrebiT ZiriTad etapebze (rogoricaa miReba da
Sefaseba). rogorc uflebaTa yvela komiteti aRniSnavs, saxelm-
wifo organoebi administrirebis yvela doneze uzrunvelyofili
unda iyvnen sakmarisi resursebiT imisaTvis, rom SeZlon TavianTi
funqciebis Sesruleba, iseve, rogorc programebs unda hqondeT
dafinansebis garantia xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi.
dasaxlebis sakiTxi kritikuli magaliTia momsaxurebis mimwode-

blebs Soris resursebis naklebobisa. rogorc sacxovrebeli pi-
robebis misawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa jgufi (CS-LO)
aRniSnavs, misaRebi sacxovrebeli farTis arasakmarisi maragi arR-
52
vevs dasaxlebis, rogorc socialuri uflebis, realizaciis SesaZ-

leblobas. arasakmarisi maragis TvalsazrisiT sabinao Semweoba
mniSvnelovani saSualebaa imisaTvis, rom adamianebs mieceT saTa-
nado resursebi, raTa isargeblon TavianTi uflebebiT, romlebic
dakavSirebulia dasaxlebasTan. Tumca zogierT qveyanaSi misaRebi
sacxovrebeli pirobebisTvis gankuTvnili sajaro resursebi, imis-
da miuxedavad, mimarTulia sacxovrebeli farTis uzrunvelyo-
faze Tu sabinao Semweobaze, arasaTanadoa. saWiroa yuradRebis
gamaxvileba im faqtze, rom zogierT gardamaval qveyanaSi aris
sacxovrebeli farTis sruli deficiti. zogierT saxelmwifoSi ma-
ragis problemas amwvavebs masiuri privatizaciis procesi; zogan
sacxovrebeli farTis simcire migraciisa da mosaxleobis Semo-
dinebis procesebma gamoiwvies. finansuri resursebis maragebi da
uzrunvelyofa ganixileba rogorc grZelvadian, ise moklevadian
ganzomilebaSi. amasTan, sacxovrebeli farTis naklebobis Sedegebi
gadadis dasaqmebis problemaSi, vinaidan es amcirebs mSromelebis
SesaZleblobas, dasaxldnen iseT ubnebSi, sadac SeiZleba arsebob-
des maTi kvalifikaciisa da gamocdilebis Sesaferisi samuSao ad-
gilebi. gansakuTrebiT centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qvey-
nebSi adamianebi uars amboben TavianTi amJamindeli sacxovrebeli
adgilebis datovebaze ukeTesi samuSao perspeqtivis Ziebisas, im
gaurkvevlobis gamo, rac dakavSirebulia Sesaferisi sacxovreblis
povnasTan axal dasaxlebaSi, gansakuTrebiT ojaxebisTvis.
kidev erTi aqtualuri dabrkoleba socialuri uflebebisTvis

warmoiqmneba im disbalansidan, romelic arsebobs resursebSi sa-
xelmwifoebriv da qvesaxelmwifoebriv doneebze. sacxovrebeli
pirobebis misawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa jgufi (CS-LO)
aRniSnavs, rom postsocialistur qveynebSi xelisuflebis regio-
nuli da adgilobrivi organoebi TavianT gegmebsa da saqmianobaSi
ganicdian resursebis seriozul naklebobas. adgilobrivi TviTm-
marTvelobis organoebis umravlesoba centraluri da aRmosavleT
evropis qveynebSi SezRudulia dasaxuli gegmebisa da funqciebis
SesrulebaSi, maSinac ki, rodesac momsaxurebis gawevis maTi val-
debuleba kanoniT aris dadgenili.
3.3.2. resursebTan dakavSirebuli dabrkolebebi, romlebic gav-

lenas axdens uflebebis potenciur mimRebebze
rac Seexeba uflebebze pretendentebs, yvela is naSromi, romelic

ki Sesrulebula socialuri uflebebis misawvdomobis Temaze, cxa-
dyofs, rom adamianebs unda gaaCndeT an unda gamoeyoT resursebi
imisaTvis, rom SeZlon TavianTi uflebebiT sargebloba. es aris
zogadi xasiaTis gancxadeba. maT, vinc aRmoCnda saTanado resurse-
bis gareSe, seriozuli dabrkolebebi eqmnebaT sakuTari uflebebis
53
moTxovnis TvalsazrisiT. magaliTad, sacxovreblis maZiebeli so-

cialurad daucveli jgufebis winaSe mdgar sxvadasxva tipis da-
brkolebebs Soris, sacxovrebeli pirobebis misawvdomobaze momu-
Save specialistTa jgufis (CS-LO) monacemebiT, yvelaze mwvavea
finansuri barierebi. magram adamianebis resursebiT uzrunvelyo-
fa scdeba finansuri resursebis farglebs. dasaqmebaSi xelSew
yobis uflebaze momuSave eqspertTa komiteti (CS-EM) miuTiTebs,
rom mosaxleobis zogierT fenebSi faqtobrivad ar arsebobs sa-
muSaos Ziebisa da ganacxadis Setanis elementaruli unarebi. so-
cialuri uzrunvelyofis umetesi formebi gaTvlilia aseTi unar-
Cvevebis, aseve informaciis damuSavebisaTvis saWiro unarebisa da
saSualebebis arsebobaze. dasaqmebaSi xelSewyobis uflebaze mo-
muSave eqspertTa komiteti (CS-EM) darwmunebulia iseTi resur-
sebis arsebobis aucileblobaSi, rogoric aris individualuri da
socialuri unarebi, darwmunebulia, aseve, imaSi, rom ganaTleba,
profesiuli momzadeba da xangrZlivi swavla ZiriTad rols asru-
leben dasaqmebis gazrdis mcdelobaSi.
rom ganvavrcoT es azri, unda vTqvaT, rom zogierTi adamiani axer-

xebs, moiTxovos Tavisi ufleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maT aseve
aqvT konsultaciebisa da piradi daxmarebis miRebis SesaZlebloba.
socialuri dacvis misawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa jgufis
(CS-PS) mier gamoyenebul kiTxvarebSi arasamTavrobo organiza-
ciaTa umetesoba Tavis pasuxebSi aRniSnavda, rom maTi resursebis
udidesi wili eTmoba uflebebis potenciuri pretendentebisaT-
vis daxmarebis gawevas maTi uflebebis miRebaSi, radganac zogierT
adamians sxvadasxva mizeziT ar SeuZlia amis damoukideblad ga-
keTeba. franguli cneba accompagnement yuradRebas amaxvilebs
individualuri daxmarebis gawevis praqtikaze, romelic Tavis
amosaval wertilad ganixilavs adamianis sirTuleebisa da gari-
yulobis mizezs. daxmarebis formebi mravalgvari SeiZleba iyos:
administraciuli, fsiqologiuri an sacxovrebelTan dakavSirebu-
li da is, SesaZlebelia, gaxdes usaxlkaro adamianebis uflebebiT
aRWurvis saSualeba. aseve SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes Suamdgomlo-
ba, rogorc amas cneba accompagnement gulisxmobs. samTavrobo
wyaroebic aRiareben, rom daxmareba, da zogjer Suamdgomlobac
ki, SeiZleba saWiro iyos garkveuli Semweobebisa da momsaxurebis
moTxovnisas.
3.4. menejmenti da proceduruli dabrkolebebi
dabrkolebebi programebis organizebisa da marTvis safuZvelzec

iqmneba. aseTi dabrkolebebi ramdenime saxisaa da moicavs iseT fa-
qtorebs, rogoric aris administrirebis doneebs Soris da momsa-
54
xurebis saxeebs Soris pasuxismgeblobaTa ganawileba, arasakmarisi

konsultaciebi da TanamSromloba arasamTavrobo organizacieb-
Tan da momxmareblebTan, procedurebis sirTule da momsaxurebis
miwodebasTan da fizikur xelmisawvdomobasTan dakavSirebuli da-
brkolebebi.
3.4.1. administrirebis doneebs Soris da momsaxurebis saxeebs So-

ris pasuxismgeblobebis danawevreba
socialur uflebebTan dakavSirebuli normebi, Cveulebriv,

mTavrobisa da administraciis sxvadasxva doneze xorcieldeba.
rogorc socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave specia-
listTa jgufi (CS-PS) aRniSnavs, farTod gavrcelebulia azri
imis Sesaxeb, rom decentralizebuli sistema ufro moqnilia da
met SesaZleblobas iZleva regionuli da adgilobrivi saWiroebe-
bis gaTvaliswinebisa. Tumca es ufro idealia, vidre realoba. de-
centralizacias ufro maSin aqvs pozitiuri efeqti, rodesac: (a)
saxelmwifo doneze is gamyarebulia decentralizaciis politikis
mimarT valdebulebiT; da (b) adgilobriv doneze gamoiyofa sakma-
risi resursebi da profesiuli SesaZleblobebi, raTa dainergos
programebi da sxvadasxva momsaxureba. dasaqmebaSi xelSewyobis
uflebaze momuSave eqspertTa komitetis (CS-EM) muSaobam aCvena,
rom adgilobrivi dasaqmebis programebis warmatebis Sansi bevrad
didia, rodesac gadawyvetilebebis miReba da dafinansebis kon-
troli adgilobriv doneze xorcieldeba. Tumca es unda moxdes
erovnuli politikis CarCoSi. kidev erTi mniSvnelovani dabrko-
leba, romelic xels uSlis adgilobrivi dasaqmebis iniciativebs,
dasaqmebaSi xelSewyobis uflebaze momuSave eqspertTa komitetis
(CS-EM) dakvirvebiT, aris administrirebis yvela dones Soris er-
Tiani sistemis ararseboba.
aqedan gamomdinare, uflebamosilebebisa da pasuxismgeblobebis

gansazRvrasa da ganawilebaSi sicxadis nakleboba aris ZiriTadi xe-
lis SemSleli faqtori adamianebisTvis, raTa maT SeZlon TavianTi
socialuri uflebebis mopoveba. es faqtori jandacvasTan mimarTe-
baSic aRiniSna. es SeiZleba dakavSirebuli iyos momsaxurebis orga-
nizebasTan an gamowveuli iyos dargis sxvadasxva specialobas Soris
koordinaciisa da urTierTkavSiris naklebobiT. qvemoT motanilia
ramdenime magaliTi pasuxismgeblobaTa danawevrebasTan dakavSire-
biT jandacvasa da socialuri uflebebis sxva sferoebSi:
politikis sxvadasxva sferos Soris koordinaciis ararseboba;
arasakmarisi informacia da detaluri monacemebi pasuxismge-

blobaTa da funqciaTa ganawilebaze saxelmwifo, regionul
55
da adgilobriv doneebze. es gansakuTrebiT xSiria socialuri

momsaxurebisa da socialuri daxmarebis SemTxvevebSi da aseve
SeiZleba adgili hqondes jandacvis, dasaqmebisa da dasaxlebis
momsaxurebis kuTxiT;
arasakmarisi avtonomiis adgilobriv doneze, gansakuTrebiT

resursebis gankargvisas, magram aseve gadawyvetilebebis miRe-
bis procesSi monawileobis, ganxorcielebisa da resursebis mo-
bilizebis TvalsazrisiT;
saxelmwifos mxridan kanonis ganxorcielebis arasaTanado uz-

runvelyofa da monitoringi qveyanaSi socialuri uflebebis
Tanabari uzrunvelyofis mizniT.
marTalia, aseTi saxis problemebi ar aris damaxasiaTebeli mxo-

lod erTi tipis qveynebisTvis, magram unda aRiniSnos, rom garda-
mavali qveynebi ganicdian garkveul siZneleebs, romlebic mxolod
maT ukavSirdeba. socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave
specialistTa jgufis (CS-PS) muSaobisas vlindeba, rom aseT qvey-
nebSi problemebi warmoiqmneba socialuri daxmarebis SemweobebTan
da socialur momsaxurebasTan dakavSirebiT imis gamo, rom ar aris
mkafiod gansazRvruli da ganawilebuli uflebebi da movaleobe-
bi, umTavresad raionul da adgilobriv doneebze. ramdenime aseT
qveyanaSi daiwyo uflebamosilebaTa gadacemis procesi, romlis
Sedegadac adgilobriv xelisuflebas ekisreba axali valdebule-
bebi, magram am process yovelTvis Tan ar axlavs saWiro dafinan-
seba da miTiTebebi am valdebulebaTa Sesrulebis Sesaxeb.
administraciis doneebs Soris danawevrebis analogiurad, es SeiZ-

leba xdebodes Tavad momsaxurebebs Sorisac. Zalian iSviaTia, ro-
desac momsaxurebebi da daxmareba organizebulia erTi mTlianis
saxiT. ufro xSirad saorganizacio da sxva danayofebi anawevreben
momsaxurebas, ris Sedegadac momxmareblebs xSirad ara aqvT saSu-
aleba, miiRon kuTvnili momsaxurebebi erTad, erTi adgilidan an
biurodan, anda ubralod miiRon kompleqsuri momsaxureba.
3.4.2 arasaTanado TanamSromloba da konsultaciebi arasamTavro-

bo organizaciebTan da momxmareblebTan
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi xSirad Zalian axlos arian sajaro

momsaxurebebisa da daxmarebis momxmareblebTan. am da sxva mxriv
maT mniSvnelovani roli akisriaT socialuri uflebebis xelmi-
sawvdomobis jaWvSi. amitom arasamTavrobo organizaciebi warmoad-
genen mniSvnelovan, SeiZleba iTqvas, aucilebel resurss sajaro
momsaxurebaTa mimwodeblebisaTvis, saxelmwifo politikis Camoya-
56
libebis procesisa da momxmareblebisaTvis. da mainc, uflebaTa

sxvadasxva komitetis saqmianoba miuTiTebs imaze, rom Zalian iSvia-
Tia realuri TanamSromloba samTavrobo xelisuflebasa da samo-
qalaqo sazogadoebis moqmed pirebs Soris. arasamTavrobo organi-
zaciebi, socialuri partniorebi da sxva monawileebi samoqalaqo
sazogadoebidan xSirad izolirebulni arian an maTi monawileoba
minimumamdea dayvanili. magaliTad, sacxovrebeli pirobebis xel-
misawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa jgufis (CS-LO) dakvirve-
biT aRmoCnda, rom dasaxlebis sferoSi, sadac arasamTavrobo or-
ganizaciebs SeuZliaT gavlenis moxdena zogad wesebze da fizikur
garemosTan dakavSirebul funqciebze, maTi gavlena Zalze mcirea
finansur sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi. amitom ar SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
arasamTavrobo organizaciebs miecaT politikaSi monawileobis sa-
Sualeba. Tumca arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan konsultaciebis
done gansxvavebulia sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. rogorc Cans, es ufro
metad ganviTarebulia dasavleT evropis qveynebSi, xolo cen-
tralur da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi arasamTavrobo orga-
nizaciebs SedarebiT naklebi yuradReba eTmoba. istoriulad am
qveynebSi arasamTavrobo seqtori arasdros yofila gamorCeuli.
am kuTxiT yuradRebas imsaxurebs `partnioruli midgoma, romelic

gansakuTarebiT xazgasmulia da gatarebulia dasaqmebaSi xelSewyobis
uflebaze momuSave eqspertTa komitetis (CS-EM) mier.1 aq igulisxmeba
ara mxolod partniorTa vinaoba, aramed maTi integraciis done poli-
tikis SemuSavebis procesSi. amasTan dakavSirebiT uflebaTa yvela ko-
miteti mxars uWers farTo xasiaTis partniorul urTierTobas, iseTs,
romelic moicavs rac SeiZleba met organizaciasa da dainteresebul
mxares. isini aseve aRniSnaven, rom am mizniT arasamTavrobo organiza-
ciebma unda miiRon saTanado dafinanseba da mxardaWera centraluri
da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mxridan (amaSi aseve Sedis pasuxismge-
blobis ganawilebac). ufro metic, partnioroba gulisxmobs integra-
cias politikis SemuSavebis procesSi rogorc dagegmvis etapze, ise
Semdgom. Tavisi arsiT es aris Tanaswori urTierToba. am konteqstSi
aqtualuria arasamTavrobo organizaciebis samarTlebrivi aRiarebis
sakiTxi; socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa
jgufis (CS-PS) TqmiT, sruli iuridiuli aRiareba aucilebelia, raTa
arasmTavrobo organizaciebma imuSaon sakanonmdeblo da sxva orga-
noebTan Tanabar pirobebSi. aman aseve SeiZleba gaaZlieros monitorin-
gisa da kanonis ganxorcielebis uzrunvelyofis procesi. Tumca mniSv-
nelovania, rom arasamTavrobo seqtori iyos da darCes momsaxurebaTa
momxmareblebTan da uflebebis potenciur mimRebebTan axlos.
magram ar arsebobs momxmareblebis an potenciuri momxmareblebis

pirdapiri monawileobis alternativa. isinic eqspertebi arian da
1. aseve ix. OECD (2001).
57
maTi CaurTveloba sakonsultacio da gadawyvetilebebis miRebis

procesSi SeiZleba dabrkolebebis SeqmniT an SenarCunebiT das-
ruldes. zogjer momxmareblebs warmoadgenen arasamTavrobo or-
ganizaciebi, magram es yovelTvis ase ar aris. es arc aris yovelT-
vis sasurveli. amrigad, yovlismomcveli partniorobis midgomaSi
momxmareblebi unda iTvlebodnen partniorebad damoukideblad
sxvebisgan. amisaTvis isini unda ganixilebodnen rogorc pasuxism-
gebeli da kompetenturi mxareebi, rac diametrulad gansxvavdeba
`damokidebuli klientebis ideisagan.
3.4.3. procedurebis sirTule
rogorc socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave specia-

listTa jgufis (CS-PS) angariSidan irkveva, sxvadasxva samTavrobo
da arasamTavrobo wyaroebi, romlebTanac Catarda konsultaciebi,
erTxmad acxadeben, rom `Semweobebi unda iyos advilad misawvdomi
da advilad marTvadi. Tumca realurad es yovelTvis ase ar xde-
ba. magaliTad, socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave spe-
cialistTa jgufisTvis (CS-PS) pasuxSi ramdenime arasamTavrobo
organizaciam ganacxada, rom xSiri cvlilebebi, droebiTi gadawy-
vetilebebi Tu erTi normis sxvadasxva versiebi iwveven seriozul
gaugebrobas, riTac Wianurdeba ganacxadis Setanis procedura an
saerTod ar xerxdeba uflebis moTxovna. aRniSnuli iqna sxva pro-
blemebic, rogoric aris grZeli da umeteswilad rTuli formebi
da is, rom momxmareblebs uwevT sxvadasxva dawesebulebebisTvis
Tu ofisebisTvis mimarTva. garkveuli sirTulis arseboba aucile-
belic aris (Tundac im kompleqsuri saWiroebebidan gamomdinare,
romlebic momsaxurebis mimwodeblebma unda daakmayofilon). Tum-
ca unda gadaixedos is, Tu ramdenad unda gadavides es sirTule
momxmareblebze. arsebobs seriozuli biurokratiisa da saqmis zed-
metad gaWianurebis magaliTebi im wesebsa da procedurebSi, rom-
lebic aregulireben momxmareblebis mxridan garkveul Semweobeb-
sa da momsaxurebebze ganacxadis Setanis process. potenciuri
ganmcxadeblebisTvis SeiZleba Zalian Zneli aRmoCndes iuridiuli
teqstebis da ganacxadis Setanis rTuli proceduris gageba. aman
SeiZleba gamoiwvios rogorc Semweobebisa da momsaxurebebis mi-
uRebloba, ise Seuqmnas damatebiTi samuSao saxelmwifo moxeleeb-
sa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebs. amasTan, rogorc socialuri
dacvis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa jgufi (CS-PS)
aRniSnavs, rac ufro kompleqsuria momsaxureba an Semweoba, miT
ufro Znelia mis Sesaxeb informaciis efeqturad gadmocema.
uflebebsa da uflebis mimniWebel dokumentebSi gamWvirvalobis

nakleboba, rac socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis kidev
erTi potenciuri dabrkolebaa, SeiZleba gaxdes garTulebuli
58
procedurebis Sedegi. rac ufro TvalsaCinoa ufleba, miT ufro

advilia misi realizacia (evrokomisia 1999). gamWvirvalobis nakle-
boba SeiZleba ganpirobebuli iyos ramdenime mizeziT. maT Soris
aris sirTule, rogorc Semweobebisa da momsaxurebebis struqtu-
ris, ise uflebis mimniWebeli dokumentebis da ganacxadis Seta-
nis procedurebis TvalsazrisiT. gamWvirvalobis Semcirebas Sem-
weobebisa da momsaxurebebis sqemis danawevrebam da harmonizaciis
naklebobamac SeiZleba Seuwyos xeli.
3.4.4. momsaxurebis miwodebis formidan da meTodidan gamomdinare

dabrkolebebi
ganmcxadeblis miRebis xarisxsa da saxelmwifo ofisebSi1 arsebul

zogad garemos, Tu is dabali xarisxisaa, SeuZliaT uaryofiTi STa-
beWdileba datovon ganmcxadebelze da gamoiwvion misi Seferxeba an
saerTod uari aTqmevinon uflebis moTxovnaze. arsebobs cnobebi ase-
Ti xasiaTis dabrkolebebis farTo speqtris Sesaxeb. maT Soris aris,
magaliTad, gancalkevebis SesaZleblobis ararseboba, xangrZlivi
lodinis saaTebi, cudi mimRebi punqti, arasaTanado Senobebi da saa-
vario gasasvlelebis ararseboba, gancxadebis Setanis garTulebuli
da damqancveli procedurebi da erTi da imave informaciis warmod-
genis ganmeorebiTi moTxovnebi. yovelive es, rasakvirvelia, arTu-
lebs personalis samuSao pirobebsac. sainformacio teqnologiebis
gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi momsaxurebis miwodebis procesi SeiZleba
gaumjobesdes. SvedeTis samTavrobo wyaros (socialuri dacvis xel-
misawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa jgufis (CS-PS) mier Catare-
buli kvlevidan) gancxadebiT, teqnologiis erT-erTi upiratesoba is
aris, rom misi saSualebiT SesaZlebeli gaxdeba im adamianebis identi-
ficireba, romelTac ar mouTxoviaT maTi kuTvnili Semweobebi. magram
teqnologiis gamoyenebaSi arsebobs moraluri momentebic, romlebic
ganpirobebulia iseTi faqtorebiT, rogoric aris konfidencialu-
roba da piradi informaciis eTikuri gamoyeneba. aseve gasaTvalis-
winebelia xarjebis momenti da is faqti, rom teqnologia mainc mwiri
resursia romlis xelmisawvdomoba SezRudulia mTavrobebisTvis
Rarib qveynebSi da mosaxleobis ufro Raribi fenebisTvis yvela qvey-
anaSi. arsebobs aseve imis SesaZlebloba, rom axali teqnologiebis
gamoyenebam problemebi Seuqmnas garkveul beneficiarebs imis gamo,
Tu ra gziT xdeba amJamad Semweobebis miniWeba an uflebis moTxovna
(magaliTad, gadaxdebis kompiuterizacia, pirdapiri anazRaureba sa-
banko an safosto angariSebze da a.S.).
swored am mizezTa gamoa, rom uflebaTa sxvadasxva komitetis

mier identificirebuli saukeTeso meTodebis magaliTebi mrav-
1. yovelive aq Tqmuli sxva dawesebulebebis mier SeTavazebul momsaxurebasac Se-
exeba.
59
ladaa kompleqsur programebs Soris. adamianebis saWiroebebi,

rogorc wesi, ar aris danawevrebuli, magram maT umetesad dana-
wevrebulad eqcevian. amrigad, aucilebelia iseTi programebis
ganxorcieleba, romlebic adamians ganixilaven globalur Wril-
Si, xolo maTi sabaziso wertilia adamiani mTlianobaSi mis saWi-
roebebTan erTad.
meore rigi faqtorebisa, romelTac SeuZliaT xeli SeuSalon

socialuri uflebebis realizacias, ukavSirdeba ufro praqti-
kul sakiTxebs, rogoric aris uflebis xelmisawvdomoba maTT-
vis, vinc Sromisuunaro an asakovania, da aseve maTTvis, vinc
cxovrobs Soreul adgilebSi. gansakuTrebiT xazi unda gaesvas
unarSezRudul pirTa mdgomareobas, radganac, rogorc dasaqme-
baSi xelSewyobis uflebaze momuSave eqspertTa komiteti (CS-EM)
aRniSnavs, isini mravalmxriv zaraldebian. fizikur gadaadgile-
basTan dakavSirebuli siZneleebi, magaliTad, sazogadoebrivi
transportiT sargeblobis da ofisebamde miRwevis SemTxvevaSi,
romlebic ar aris saTanadod aRWurvili SezRuduli gadaadgi-
lebis unaris mqone adamianebis misaRebad, mxolod erTi tipis
sirTulea. unarSezRuduli pirebi araxelsayrel mdgomareobaSi
arian Sromis bazarTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebSic. aq Tavs iCens
xolme iseTi faqtorebi, rogoric aris asaki, ganaTleba da geo-
grafiuli mdebareoba.
samwuxaroa, rom xelmisawvdomobas momsaxurebis mimwodeblebi

ganixilaven mxolod erTi mimarTulebiT rom momxmareblebi
an potenciuri momxmareblebi unda mividnen maTTan. am mxriv ni-
Sandoblivia simcire moZravi samsaxurebisa, romlebic Seecdebian
Sexvdnen da miawodon xalxs momsaxureba maT sacxovrebel terito-
riebze an rac SeiZleba axlos.
im mravali saxis problemebs Soris, romlebic gamovlenilia rig

qveynebSi, adamianTa mobiluroba SezRudulia ara marto socialu-
ri Semweobebis moTxovnis TvalsazrisiT, aramed dasaqmebis, dasax-
lebisa da ganaTlebis kuTxiTac. socialuri uflebebis mopovebaSi
gansakuTrebuli siZneleebis Sesaxeb Civian is dedebi, romelTac
Cvili bavSvebi hyavT. fizikuri xelmisawvdomobis garda, maT ase-
ve awuxebT Sesabamisi damxmare obieqtebis, rogoric aris sabavSvo
baRebi, ararseboba, romelTa uzrunvelyofac aucilebeli SeiZle-
ba iyos, raTa garkveuli kategoriis adamianebs, magaliTad, mar-
toxela da sxva dedebs, saSualeba hqondeT, isargeblon TavianTi
socialuri uflebebiT. aRiniSnaKkidev erTi xelisSemSleli fa-
qtoric, romelic Seexeba oficialur samuSao saaTebsa da momxma-
rebelTa samuSao saaTebs Soris SeuTanxmeblobas.
60
3.5. informaciis miwodebasa da komunikaciasTan

dakavSirebuli dabrkolebebi
moqalaqeebma yovelTvis ar ician TavianTi uflebebis Sesaxeb. in-
formacia da ganaTleba aris yvelanairi daxmarebisa da Semweobis
sawyisi wertili. amitom aucilebelia, rom informacia socialu-
ri uflebebis Sesaxeb advilad xelmisawvdomi iyos momxmareble-
bisa da potenciuri momxmareblebisaTvis da rom gaTvaliswinebu-
li iyos uflebis mflobelTa Sexedulebebi. arsebobs dasabuTeba
imisa, rom adamianebi bolomde ar arian informirebulebi Tavian-
Ti uflebebis Sesaxeb, rom informaciis naklebobam SeiZleba ga-
moiwvios Semweobebis dakargva an Seferxeba da rom momsaxurebis
mimwodeblebs ar miewodebaT uflebis mflobelTa Sexedulebebis
Sesaxeb sakmarisi informacia. gamovlenili iqna komunikaciis anu
informaciis miwodebis zogadi tipis sami problema:
maRalxarisxiani informaciis arasaTanado maragi da nakadi;
miwodebuli informaciis arasTanado forma da xasiaTi;
àxali an alternatiuli sainformacio arxebis gamoyenebis da-

bali done da momxmareblebis da/an potenciuri momxmareblebis
Sexedulebebis gauTvaliswinebloba.
3.5.1. maRalxarisxiani informaciis arasaTanado maragi da nakadi
informaciis nakadi detalurad unda mowmdebodes, vinaidan zo-

gierTi qveynidan miRebuli cnobiT, zogierTi tipis momsaxureba-
ze aris gadaWarbebuli informacia, magram zogadad ufro xSiria
momsaxurebebisa da Semweobebis Sesaxeb informaciis simcire. ki-
dev erT problemas warmoadgens Seusabamobebi momsaxurebebsa da
SemweobebSi maTze arsebuli informaciis moculobisa da xasiaTis
TvalsazrisiT. kidev erTi sakiTxi, romelic Seexeba informaciis
maragsa da nakads, aris informaciis danawevreba administaciis
sxvadasxva _ saxelmwifo, regionul da adgilobriv _ doneebze.
nacvlad imisa, rom miawodos informacia Semweobebis srul kom-
pleqsze, TiToeuli mimwodebeli awvdis infromacias mxolod Ta-
vis sakuTar momsaxurebebsa da Semweobebze. informaciis maragsa
da nakadTan dakavSirebuli problemebi SeiZleba imis gamoc war-
moiSvas, rom ar aris mkafiod gansazRvruli pasuxismgebloba in-
formaciis miwodebaze. erT-erTi SesaZlo problemaa damoukidebe-
li wyaroebis mxridan mowodebuli informaciis simwire.
kidev erTi gamovlenili problema Seexeba iseT SemTxvevebs, ro-

desac zogierTi moxeleebi ar gadascemen informacias momxmareb-
61
lebs da potenciur momxmareblebs sxva momsaxurebebis Sesaxeb,

romlebic maTTvis sasargeblo an Sesatyvisi SeiZleba iyos. SesaZ-
lebelia, maT ara aqvT aseTi informacia anda isic SesaZlebelia,
rom isini ar Tvlian TavianT movaleobad sxva organoebis mier Se-
Tavazebuli momsaxurebis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebas. rodesac
am ukanasknels exeba saqme, ìnformirebis ganxilva specialur
davalebad an movaleobad ufro gaamwvavebs problemas, vinaidan
es gamoiwvevs sainformacio nakadis `biurokratizacias da amiT
kidev ufro Seaferxebs mas.
yovelive es, ra Tqma unda, gulisxmobs imas, rom sajaro moxe-

leebisaTvis srulad xelmisawvdomia Sesabamisi informacia. am mx-
riv unda aRiniSnos is faqti, rom sacxovrebeli pirobebis xel-
misawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa jgufis (CS-LO) kvlevaSi
dafiqsirebulia TanamSromlebs Soris saerTaSoriso xelSekrule-
bebis Sinaarsis da dasaxlebis erovnuli strategiisaTvis am xel-
Sekrulebebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb informaciis simcire. rogorc
Cans, am tipis informacia yovelTvis ar miewodebaT sajaro moxe-
leebs da realurad arc sazogadoebas. aman SeiZleba gamoiwvios
saerTaSoriso standartebis Seusrulebloba rogorc saxelmwi-
foebriv, ise adgilobriv doneze.
3.5.2. informaciis arasaTanado forma da xasiaTi
`xarisxi kidev erTi aqtualuri sakiTxia, romelic exeba ara mxolod

informaciis sizustes, aramed stilsa da gasagebobasac. gasagebi da
arabiurokratiuli enis da stilis gamoyeneba Zalian mniSvnelova-
nia. socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa
jgufis (CS-PS) mier Catarebuli kvlevis respondentTa umetesobis
azriT, sainformacio broSurebSi mocemuli informacia gasagebia
mxolod kanonmdeblebisa da iuristebisaTvis. informaciis miwodebis
formasTan mimarTebaSi uflebaTa sxvadasxva komitetebis angariSebis
saerTo Temaa, rom sazogadoebis informirebis efeqtiani strategia
unda Seicavdes informacias, romelic ara mxolod gasagebi da maRa-
li xarisxisaa, aramed misadagebuli anu adaptirebulia konkretuli
jgufebis an mosaxleobis fenebis saWiroebebTan. informacia maTTvis
gasagebic unda iyos da gamosadegic. upirveles yovlisa, adaptire-
bul informacias saWiroeben erovnuli umciresobebi (maT Soris eT-
nikuri da enobrivi umciresobebi) da gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis
mqone adamianebi (gansakuTrebiT isini, visac aRqmis problema aqvs).
rodesac socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave specialist-
Ta jgufis (CS-PS) mier Catarebuli kvlevis farglebSi arasamTavro-
bo organizaciebi kritikul SeniSvnebs gamoTqvamdnen oficialuri
wyaroebis mier socialuri Semweobebis Sesaxeb informaciis gavrce-
lebasTan dakavSirebiT, isini garkveviT aRniSnavdnen, rom ar xdeba
62
informaciis adaptacia sxvadasxva jgufebis, maT Soris emigrantebisa

da vizualuri problemebis mqone adamianebis, ganaTlebis donisa da
enobrivi SesaZleblobebis mixedviT. isini yuradRebas gaWirvebuli
jgufebis informirebis SedarebiT dabal donezec amaxvilebdnen.
3.5.3. àxali an alternatiuli sainformacio arxebis da uflebis

mflobelTa Sexedulebebis gamoyenebis dabali done
informaciasTan dakavSirebuli mesame aqtualuri faqtori aris is

sainformacio arxebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba informaciis gavrce-
lebisa da gacvlisaTvis. informaciis gavrcelebis yvelaze xSiri
(da zogjer erTaderTi) forma wevr qveynebSi aris werilobiTi.
amasTan SedarebiT zepiri wyaroebi (rogoric aris radio da sa-
televizio rekalmebi, ufaso satelefono xazebi) da teqnologia
(rogoric aris mobiluri kavSiri da interneti) gacilebiT ufro
iSviaTad gamoiyeneba. am saSualebebis udidesi saganmanaTleblo da
sainformacio potenciali, iseve, rogorc maTi mravalferovneba,
amJamad gamouyenebelia. Tumca amasTan mimarTebaSi unda gvaxsov-
des, rom adamianuri kontaqti aris informaciis gacvlis sauke-
Teso saSualeba. is faqti, rom informaciisa da teqnologiebis
xelmisawvdomoba jer kidev ar aris norma socialurad daucvel
fenebSi, xazs usvams informaciis gacvlis interpersonaluri
formebis damkvidrebis aucileblobas.
informacia ganxiluli unda iyos ormxrivad. informaciis gacvlis

idea gamoyenebuli unda iqnes informirebis organizebis struqtu-
ris SemuSavebisaTvis. adamianebis Sesaxeb winaswar Seqmnili azris,
TiTqos isini arian informaciis pasiuri mimRebni, winaaRmdeg mu-
SaobiT is warmoSobs azrs, rom adamianebs unda hqondeT saSualeba,
kiTxvis qveS daayenon maTTvis miwodebuli informacia da gamoT-
qvan sakuTari moTxovnebi informaciis mimarT.
informaciasTan dakavSirebuli yvela es faqtori xels uwyobs in-

formirebulobisa da uflebebis Sesaxeb codnis donis Semcirebas
zogadad sazogadoebaSi. rogorc erT-erTma arasamTavrobo orga-
nizaciam aRniSna socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave
specialistTa jgufis (CS-PS) wevrebTan saubarSi, informaciis
nakleboba niSnavs Zalauflebis naklebobas.
3.6. fsiqologiuri da socialur-ekonomikuri

dabrkolebebi
aseTi saxis dabrkolebebi SeiniSneba rogorc momsaxurebis mimwo-

deblebis, ise momxmareblebis mxridan.
63
3.6.1. fsiqologiuri da socialur-kulturuli dabrkolebebi mim-

wodeblebis mxridan
am mxriv umTavresi sakiTxia ganmcxadeblebis an potenciuri gan-

mcxadeblebis mimarT damokidebuleba. sajaro moxeleebis damo-
kidebulebam da xalxTan moqcevis stilma SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad
imoqmedos imaze, miiReben Tu ara adamianebi da rogor miiReben
TavianT socialur uflebebs. uflebaTa sxvadasxva komitetis
mier Catarebuli kvlevis mixedviT, sakmaod xSiria sazogadoebis
mxridan beneficiarTa gmoba da reputaciis Selaxva (`stigmatiza-
cia). am konteqstSi ganixilebian iseTi jgufebi, rogoric arian
socialuri daxmarebis mimRebni, martoxela mSobelTa ojaxebi,
Sids-is infeqciis matarebeli pacientebi, aiv infeqciiT daavade-
bulebi, narkotikebis momxmareblebi, unarSezRudulebi, ltolvi-
lebi da TavSesafris maZieblebi. aseve SeiZleba adgili hqondes
uaryofiT damokidebulebas qalebisa da mosaxleobis sxva fenebis
mimarT, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac saqme exeba garkveuli saxelmwifo
resursebis xelmisawvdomobis maT uflebebs. unda aRiniSnos, rom
stigmatizacia anu sazogadoebrivi gmoba da reputaciis Selaxva
socialuri fenomenia da amitom misi saTaveebi ar unda veZioT
momsaxurebis miwodebis sferoSi. Tumca stereotipebi SeiZleba
winaswarganzraxuli xasiaTis iyos da rodesac amas adgili aqvs
momsaxurebis miwodebisas, SeiZleba moxdes ise, rom adamianebma
ver moipovon TavianTi socialuri uflebebi. es gansakuTrebiT
xangrZlivad SeiZleba SenarCundes sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebis
saorganizacio wyobis da personalis mxridan damokidebulebisa da
mopyrobis gamo. stigmatizaciis erT-erTi meTodia adamianebisaT-
vis samarcxvino daRis dasma. magaliTad, rodesac momsaxurebebi
da Semweobebi emyareba saWiroebas, ufro didi albaTobaa imisa,
rom es gamoiwvevs stigmatizaciis gancdas da gamoyenebas, vidre
rodesac isini emyareba uflebamosilebas. am TvalsazrisiT uaR-
resad mniSvnelovania uflebaTa mflobelebTan dialogi da part-
nioruli urTierToba.
kulturasTan dakavSirebuli Semdgomi problema aris is, rom ofi-

cialur pirTa da sxvaTa mxridan ar xdeba imis aRiareba, rom gan-
mcxadeblebi an potenciuri ganmcxadeblebi SeiZleba ekuTvnodnen
konkretul subkulturas, romelic gansxvavdeba masobrivi kul-
turisagan. amrigad, SeiZleba mniSvnelovani iyos, rom adamianeb-
ma icxovron TavianT naTesavebTan axlos an im garemoSi, sadac
cxovroben maTi warmomavlobis adamianebi. socialur-kulturuli
dabrkolebebi warmoiSoba ara mxolod adamianTa Soris komuni-
kaciis sirTuleebis gamo, aramed oficialur pirTa mxridan um-
ciresobaTa kulturebis arasaTanado codnisa da gacnobierebis
gamo. kulturuli gansxvavebebis codna da aRiareba kidev ufro
64
met mniSvnelobas iZens sazogadoebebis mravalferovnebis zrdis

fonze.
3.6.2. fsiqologiuri da socialur-kulturuli dabrkolebebi

momxmareblebis mxridan
upirveles potenciur dabrkolebebad, romlebic xels uSlis momx-

mareblebs, sakuTari Tavis rwmenis nakleboba da oficialuri pro-
cedurebis ucodinroba unda davasaxeloT. oficialurma garemom
da Tavad ofisebis saTavsoebma SeiZleba gamoiwvion SiSi da dau-
cvelobis grZnoba, magaliTad, rodesac personali gamoyofilia
usafrTxoebis mowyobilobebiT, rogoric aris minis tixrebi da
signalizaciis sistemebi, an ar arsebobs interviuebisaTvis cal-
ke gamoyofili adgilebi. ofisis garemom, garkveuli profesiis
warmomadgenelTa mier erTmaneTTan da maTi momsaxurebis momxma-
reblebTan urTierTobis stilma, aseve biurokratiulma procedu-
rebma SeiZleba Seqmnan SiSismomgvreli da usiamovno STabeWdileba.
amasTan erTad, Tu teqnikuri saSualebebi dabali xarisxisaa, aman
SeiZleba gaaZlieros dabali TviTSefasebis grZnoba. ufro metic,
Tu adamians arasasiamovno gamocdileba hqonda, magaliTad, im pe-
riodSi, romelic man gaatara sayovelTao savaldebulo ganaTle-
bis sistemaSi, amis gamo SeiZleba mas ufro gauWirdes saxelmwi-
fo momsaxurebisTvis kidev erTxel mimarTva. sxva fsiqologiuri
dabrkolebebi gamowveulia simartovis, gariyulobisa da dabali
TviTSefasebis grZnobebiT, rac damaxasiaTebelia garkveul poten-
ciur beneficiarTa mdgomareobisaTvis. am adamianTa umravlesoba
sakuTar Tavsa da SesaZleblobebSi rwmenis naklebobas ganicdis.
arsebobs kidev sxva mizezebi imisa, ratomac grZnoben momxmareb-

lebi an potenciuri momxmareblebi Tavs damcirebulad. es ukav-
Sirdeba saxelmwifo moxeleTa garkveul uflebamosilebebs da im
faqts, rom isini uflebamosilni arian, miiRon gadawyvetilebebi,
romelTac udidesi gavlena aqvT momsaxurebis momxmarebelTa da
maTi ojaxebis cxovrebaze. Tu, magaliTad, moxeles ufleba aqvs,
waarTvas adamians Svilebi an gaukeTos deportacia, amiT daucve-
lobis SegrZneba momxmareblebSi kidev ufro Rrmavdeba.
am fonze samTavrobo wyaroTa da arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa ume-

tesoba, romlebic pasuxobdnen socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomoba-
ze momuSave specialistTa jgufis (CS-PS) mier darigebul kiTxvars,
TavianT erT-erT umTavres funqciad xedaven konsultaciebisa da
daxmarebis gawevas ganmcxadeblebisTvis gancxadebebis Setanis pro-
cedurebis SesrulebaSi, rasac bevri maTgani damoukideblad ver um-
klavdeba. am da sxva informaciis safuZvelze dResaviT naTelia, rom
bevr adamians unda mieces imis saSualeba, rom SeZlos Tavisi uflebe-
65
bis moTxovna. dasaqmebaSi xelSewyobis uflebaze momuSave eqspertTa

komiteti (CS-EM) miuTiTebs samuSaos dawyebisa da saswavlo momza
debis SesaZleblobebis sawinaaRmdegod moqmed urTierTdakavSire-
bul dabrkolebaTa erTobliobaze. aq igulisxmeba TviTdajerebu-
lobis nakleboba, rac, Tu dakavSirebulia wera-kiTxvis ucodinrobis
problemasTan, ukargavs adamians survils, monawileoba miiRos Sro-
miTi bazris treningebisa da dasaqmebis aqtiur programebSi, miiRos
SemoTavazeba an moZebnos samuSao.
konkretul adamianebSi an jgufebSi swavlebisa da ganaTlebis da-

balma donem, aseve gansxvavebulma faseulobebma da perspeqtivebma
SeiZleba negatiurad imoqmedon maTTvis Semweobebisa Tu momsaxu-
rebebis, aseve dasaqmebis misawvdomobaze. yovel SemTxvevaSi, amas
gavlena aqvs imaze, Tu ra damokidebuleba aqvs xalxs socialu-
ri uflebebisadmi TavianTi uflebamosilebis da ufro vrcel si-
stemaSi sakuTari adgilis mimarT. socialuri uflebebis mravali
aspeqti ukavSirdeba kulturas da kulturul wyobas. magaliTad,
daxmarebis Ziebas ojaxis an Temis gareT sxvadasxva kulturaSi
sxvadasxvanairi mniSvneloba SeiZleba hqondes. es gansakuTrebiT
exebaT qalebsa da bavSvebs, radgan bevr kulturaSi miCneulia, rom
maT yvelaze ukeT mouvlian sakuTar ojaxebSi. am da sxva Sexedu-
lebebis gamo bevrma adamianma SeiZleba uari Tqvas Tavisi uflebe-
bis moTxovnaze an muSaobaze. kulturulma faqtorebma mosaxleo-
bis garkveul setorebSi sxvebze damokidebulebis gancda SeiZleba
gamoiwvios an gaxados adamianebi sxvebze damokidebuli TavianTi
uflebebis gamoyenebaSi. stigmatizaciisa da damokidebulebis sxva
uaryofiTi aspeqtebis Sedegad beneficiarebSi _ romelTa Soris
bevrs isedac ara aqvs ùflebebiT sargeblobis uflebamosile-
bis gancda _ yalibdeba TviTcenzura. amis Sedegad maT SeiZle-
ba SezRudon TavianTi moTxovnebi Semweobebisa da momsaxurebebis
mimarT an saerTod ar ganacxadon maTze pretenzia. am problemis
mogvarebaSi didi rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia ganaTlebas da mudmi-
vi codnis miRebas, gansakuTrebiT stigmatizaciasTan brZolis da
misi gamoaSkaravebis TvalsazrisiT.
3.7. socialurad daucveli jgufebisa da regionebis

mimarT arasaTanado yuradRebiT gamowveuli
dabrkolebebi
maSin, rodesac dRemde gamovlenil xelSemSlel faqtorTagan Ti-

Toeuli SeiZleba exebodes mosaxleobis yvela fenas, dabrkoleba-
Ta erTobliobas safuZvlad is garemoeba udevs, rom konkretuli
situciebis da socialurad daucveli jgufebisa da regionebis mi-
marT ar xdeba saTanado yuradRebis gamoCena.
66
3.7.1. socialurad daucveli jgufebi
socialuri uflebebis sxvadasxva sferoze muSaobis Sedegad aR-

moCnda, rom yvela sazogadoebaSi arsebobs rigi socialurad
daucveli jgufebisa. marTalia, aseTi jgufebis vinaoba gansxva-
vebulia wevr qveynebSi, magram adamianTa garkveuli kategorie-
bi met-naklebad yvelgan figurireben. eseni arian ltolvilebi,
moxucebulebi, eTnikuri da erovnuli umciresobebi, invalidebi,
saaRsrulebo dawesebulebebidan an cixeebidan gaTavisuflebuli
adamianebi, avadmyofebi an isini, visac janmrTelobis problemebi
aqvT, usaxlkaroebi da cud pirobebSi mcxovrebi adamianebi, Tav-
Sesafris maZieblebi, martoxela mSoblebis ojaxebi, asakovani mu-
Sebi, ekonomikurad daucveli qalebi, axalgazrdebi da bavSvebi.
bevri maTgani, ra Tqma unda, TavisTavad ar ganekuTvneba socialu-
rad daucvelTa fenas. maTi daucvelobis an am daucvelobis gam-
wvavebis mizezi ufro socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemaa da is
meTodebi da faseulobebi, romlebic zogadad mTels sazogadoe-
baSia gavrcelebuli.
arsebobs garkveuli regionuli gansxvavebebi yvelaze daucve-

li fenebis kategoriebSi. marTalia, es gansxvavebulia sxvadasxva
qveyanaSi, magram adgilobriv umciresobaTa jgufebi (gansakuTre-
biT boSebi da mogzaurebi) met-naklebad daucvelni arian mTels
msoflioSi da ganicdian diskriminaciul mopyrobas. amasTan, ro-
gorc socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave specialist-
Ta jgufi (CS-PS) aRniSnavs, dasavlur qveynebTan SedarebiT riskis
jgufis adamianebsa da jgufebis mdgomareoba gardamavali ekono-
mikis pirobebSi gansakuTrebiT mZimea (socialuri dacvis qselSi
arsebuli naklovanebebis masStabisa da siRrmis gaTvaliswinebiT).
aseT qveynebSi Raribebi mosaxleobis mniSvnelovan nawils Seadge-
nen. Tumca am jgufebis Semadgenloba xSirad gansacvifrebelia.
magaliTad, warsulSi sakmaod uzrunvelyofili jgufebi amJamad
socialuri dacvis miRebas cdiloben, vinaidan gardamavali etapis
Sedegebi mZimed aisaxa maTze. erT-erTi aseTi jgufi, romelic am-
Jamad siRaribis zRvarzea aRmosavleT evropis zogierT qveyanaSi,
aris is samecniero-teqnikuri personali, romelic amJamad an adre
samxedro an samrewvelo kompleqsebSi msaxurobda.
socialuri gariyulobis cnebis ganviTareba (ramac dasavleT evro-

paSi SedarebiT mokle droSi farTo masStabi miiRo) imis mzard
aRiarebasac asaxavs, rom marginalizacias da gaWirvebul mdgoma-
reobas sistematuri xasiaTi da Rrma fesvebi aqvT (kasteli 1995;
paugami 1996). es cneba urTierTgadajaWvuli siZneleebis ideasac
moicavs da im faqtsac, rom socialurad daucveli jgufebi xSirad
mravalmxriv araxelsayrel pirobebSi arian. magaliTad, xangrZ-
67
livad umuSevrebTan dakavSirebiT dasaqmebaSi xelSewyobis ufle-

baze momuSave eqspertTa komiteti (CS-EM) yuradRebas amaxvilebs
araxelsayreli pirobebis mTel ciklze, sadac gaerTianebulia
iseTi faqtorebi, rogoric aris skolis adreul asakSi mitoveba,
wera-kiTxvisa da ganaTlebis problemebi, dabali TviTSefase-
ba, iseTi unarebis uqonloba, rogoric aris drois optimaluri
marTva, sxvebTan erTad muSaoba, arCevanis gakeTeba da gadawyve-
tilebis miReba, riTac bevri momsaxureba da daxmareba miuRweve-
li xdeba maTTvis, visac es yvelaze metad sWirdeba. amas emateba
sacxovrebel pirobebTan da arasakmaris SemosavlebTan dakavSire-
buli problemebic. marginalur garemoSi mcxovrebi adamianebis
janmrTelobis dacvasa da jandacvis samsaxurebze moTxovnasTan
jandacvis samsaxurebis misadagebis specialistTa jgufi (SP-SPM)
aRniSnavs, rom daucvelobis sindromi, romelic socialurad dau-
cveli jgufebis cxovrebis met-naklebad permanentuli niSania,
janmrTelobis gauaresebis umTavres mizezs warmoadgens.
3.7.2. socialurad daucveli regionebi
socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis Temaze Sesrulebul yve-

la naSromSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia socialurad daucveli
(gaWirvebuli) regionebisa da dasaxlebebis arsebobaze. es Seexeba
yvela wevr qveyanas. araxelsayreli mdgomareobis gamomwvevi fa-
qtorebi mravalgvaria. umetes SemTxvevaSi es dakavSirebulia in-
frastruqturasTan, rac gulisxmobs momsaxurebebis, komunaluri
samsaxurebisa da teqnikuri uzrunvelyofis dabal xarisxs, iseve,
rogorc samuSao adgilebis simcires, da SeiZleba gamoiwvios eko-
logiuri da socialuri problemebi. klimaturi pirobebi (rogoric
aris grZeli da mkacri zamTari) da Soreul/periferiul adgilebSi
cxovreba (xSirad satransporto saSualebebis cudi uzrunvelyo-
fis paralelurad) qmnian im damatebiT faqtorTa erTobliobas,
romlebic ganapirobeben regionebis daucvelobas. maSin, rodesac
zogierTma qveyanam moaxerxa am dabrkolebebis gadalaxva momsaxu-
rebis miwodebis kompaqturi da diversificirebuli qselebiT, sxva
qveynebSi arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac Soreul dasaxlebebSi
mcxovrebi adamianebi mTeli wlis manZilze ver iReben garkveul
momsaxurebebs.
sivrculi ganlagebis problemis kidev erTi forma ukavSirdeba

mravalmxriv gaWirvebul dasaxlebebs. rogorc dasaqmebaSi xelSe-
wyobis uflebaze momuSave eqspertTa komitetis (CS-EM), ise sac-
xovrebeli pirobebis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa
jgufis (CS-LO) naSromebSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia adgilobriv
doneze, sadac naCvenebia, Tu rogor SeiZleba gadafaron erTmane-
Ti problemebma da Seusabamobebma da amiT Seqmnan iseTi wertile-
68
bi, romlebic ara marto Sedgeba daucveli adamianebisgan, aramed

ama Tu im mizezis gamo Tavad regionebi xdebian daucvelni. aseT
teritoriebze adgilobrivi, erovnuli Tu ucxouri kapitaldaban-
debebis ararseboba ganapirobebs maT araxelsayrel mdgomareobas.
ZiriTadi sakiTxi is aris, rom araxelsayreli mdgomareoba vrcel-
deba mTel regionze, amitom iseTi politikis gareSe, romelic
orientirebulia regionze, wagebuli rCebian ara mxolod calkeu-
li adamianebi, aramed mTlianad sazogadoebebi.
3.8. evropaSi socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis

ZiriTadi problemebis Sejameba
yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, Cven SegviZlia movaxdinoT

im ZiriTadi problemebis identificireba, romlebic ukavSirde-
ba socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobas dRevandel evropaSi.
arsebuli problemebis gadasaWrelad unda Sesruldes Svidi um-
Tavresi amocana, romlebic SemdegSi mdgomareobs:
socialuri uflebebis mimarT uflebamosilebis gaZliereba da

saTanado uzrunvelyofis gaumjobeseba;
socialur uflebebTan dakavSirebuli monitoringisa da kano-

nis ganxorcielebis uzrunvelyofis gaZliereba;
socialuri uflebebis realizaciisTvis gamoyofili resurse-

bis gazrda;
socialuri uflebebis ganxorcielebisTvis gamiznuli momsaxu-

rebisa da daxmarebis procedurebisa da marTvis modificireba
da gaumjobeseba;
socialuri uflebebis da amasTan dakavSirebuli Semweobebisa

da momsaxurebebis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebisa da komunika-
ciis gaumjobeseba;
im fsiqologiuri da socialur-kulturuli dabrkolebebis

daZleva, romlebic aferxebs socialuri uflebebis xelmisawv-
domobas da uaryofiTad moqmedebs rogorc momsaxurebis mimwo-
deblebze, ise momxmareblebze;
socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis gaumjobesebis mizniT

socialurad daucveli jgufebisa da regionebisTvis konkretu-
li gegmebis dasaxva.
69
Semdeg TavSi ganxilulia garkveuli principebi da meTodebi, ro-

melTa daxmarebiTac SesaZlebelia arsebuli dabrkolebebis gada-
laxva.
70
4. socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis
xelSewyobis saukeTeso saerTaSoriso
meTodi
mravali sirTulisa da socialuri uflebebis ganxorcielebasTan
dakavSirebuli xelisSemSleli dabrkolebebis fonze winamdebare
TavSi yuradReba mipyrobilia ùflebebis ganxorcielebis sauke-
Teso saerTaSoriso meTodebze~. es aris erTmaneTTan dakavSire-
buli proncipebis erToblioba, romlebic erTad qmnian socialu-
ri uflebebisa da sazogadoebrivi angariSvaldebulebis mimarT
damokidebulebis kulturas. Tumca zogierTi principi sakmaod
mWdrod aris dakavSirebuli wina TavSi ganxilul erT an ramdenime
xelisSemSlel pirobasTan, isini mainc zogadad iqneba ganxiluli
da Camoyalibebuli winamdebare TavSi. es gamomdinareobs iqidan,
rom uflebebTan dakavSirebuli kultura ganxiluli unda iqnes
erTian midgomad, erTmaneTTan dakavSirebul principebad, romle-
bic Seadgens universaluri Rirebulebis da winsvlis zogad gzas.
uflebaTa komitetebma uamravi informacia Seagroves im faqtoreb-
Tan dakavSirebiT, romlebsac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs socialu-
ri uflebebis xorcSesxmisaTvis (maT Seagroves aseve informacia
dabrkolebebisa da barierebis Sesaxeb, romelic warmodgenili iyo
me-3 TavSi). winamdebare Tavis pirvel nawilSi gamoyenebuli iqneba
aRniSnuli da sxva informacia im principebisa da procedurebis
erTobliobis Camosayalibeblad, romlebic aucilebelia socialu-
ri uflebebis realizebisTvis, xolo meore nawilSi mocemulia
saukeTeso saerTaSoriso meTodebis praqtikulad gamoyenebis zo-
gierTi magaliTi. aRniSnuli meTodebis mizans warmoadgens maTi
erTi qveynidan meoreSi gadatanis SesaZleblobis Cveneba, Tumca
aqve unda iTqvas, rom yovel axal SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli meTodebi
mainc mosargebi iqneba adglobriv kulturasTan.
4.1. principebi da meTodebi
rogorc miTiTebuli iyo socialuri integraciis strategiaSi,

mosaxleobis yvela wevrma unda isargeblos Tavisi ufelbebiT, rac
moiTxovs gansxvavebul da SemoqmedebiT politikasa da programebs.
gvinda davamatoT, rom saukeTeso meTodebisgan ganuyofelia rva
principi. isini wina TavSi Camoyalibebul sirTuleebs ara uSualod
71
ukavSirdeba, aramed gadaikveTeba maTTan. ufro metic, es danaxuli

unda iqnes rogorc ufro damatebiTi, vidre ierarqiuli urTier-
Toba erTmaneTTan. arc erTs ara aqvs meores mimarT upiratesoba,
Tumca aTvlis wertilad miRebuli unda iqnes daxmarebisa da mom-
saxurebebis momxmarebeli an potenciuri momxmarebeli.
4.1.1. momxmarebelze orientirebuli momsaxurebis miwodeba
ideals warmoadgens is, rom adamianebs saxelmwifo momsaxurebis

mimarT sakuTrebis grZnoba hqondeT. aRniSnulis miRwevis mizniT
momsaxurebebi rac SeiZleba axlos unda iyos adamianebTan. momx-
marebelze orietirebuli momsaxurebis miRweva SeiZleba sxva-
dasxva gziT, magram aucilebelia am momsaxurebebiT sargeblobisa
da monawileobisTvis arsebuli dabrkolebebis (romlebic pro-
ceduruli da sxva barierebidan gamomdinareobs) aRmofxvra. amis
gamomwvevi ZiriTadi mizezia midgomis ùpirveles yovlisa momx-
marebeli~ gamouyenebloba da organizaciis saWiroebebis preva-
lireba. zogierT SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba organizaciuli barierebis
mTeli seriebis moZebna socialur uflebebTan dakavSirebiT, rac
gamowveulia danawevrebiT, gamoyofiT, araadekvaturi an arasak-
marisi kavSirebiT erovnul, regionul da adgilobriv doneebze,
rTuli, araadekvaturi an Seusabamo informaciiT da momxmare-
blebisa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis arasakmarisi CarTviT.
amJamad SeiZleba uamravi informaciis mopoveba momxmarebelze

orientirebuli kargi meTodebis raobis Taobaze. vinaidan evropa-
Si momwifda socialuri momsaxurebis miwodebis sakiTxi, gaCnda
azri, rom bevri adamiani ara marto mravali problemis winaSe dgas,
aramed es problemebi erTmaneTTanac aris dakavSirebuli. aqedan
gamomdinare, advili dasanaxia ganaTlebisa da mxardaWeris inte-
grirebuli da erTiani formis warmoSoba. am TvalsazrisiT erT-
erTi midgomaa `mxardaWeris personalizebuli programebi~. aq ga-
tarebulia idea, rom momsaxureba morgebuli unda iyos garkveul
saWiroebaze, gansakuTrebiT daucveli jgufebis SemTxvevaSi. Sem-
deg nawilSi mocemulia erTiani midgomaze dayrdnobiT uflebebis
uzrunvelyofis magaliTebi, proeqti IGLOO da proeqti òjaxis
momsaxureba~. momsaxurebis miwodeba moqnili gziT, iseve rogorc
misawvdomobis erTi wyaros Seqmna kidev erTi mniSvnelovani ele
mentia momxmarebelze orientirebuli midgomis Camoyalibebis
saqmeSi. evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi saxelmwifo momsaxurebis uz-
runvelyofis pilingeris (2001:42) kvlevaSi moyvanilia problemis
gadawyvetis samkuTxedi momxmarebeli, organizacia da muSaki.
momxmarebelze orientireba niSnavs yuradRebis miqcevas umweo

jgufebis saWiroebebsa da garemoebebze. es mniSvnelovania socia
72
socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis xelSewyobis saukeTeso saerTaSoriso meTodi
luri uflebebis TvalsazrisiT, vinaidan umweo jgufebis siZneleebs

seriozuli Sedegebi mohyveba maT mier socialuri uflebebis
gamoyenebis SesaZleblobis mxriv (umweo jgufebis SemTxvevaSi) an
im TvalsazrisiT, Tu ramdenad xelSemwyobia adgilobrivi pirobebi
zemoxsenebuli adamianebis mier socialuri uflebebiT sargeblo-
bisaTvis (araxelsayrel pirobebSi myofi regionebis SemTxvevaSi).
rogorc Semdeg nawilSi iqneba ganxiluli, umweo adamianebs unda
hqondeT TavianTi uflebebis moTxovnis saSualeba, aseve daucveli
regionebi da adgilebi ganxiluli unda iqnes rogorc zodadad
uflebaCamorTmeulebi, rac SeuZlebels xdis socialuri ufle-
bebi ganxorcielebas. da marTlac, zogjer Cndeba diskriminaciis
aucilebloba garkveuli jgufebisa da regionebis sasargeblod
miznobrivi programebis gamoyenebis safuZvelze.
4.1.2. SesaZleblobis Seqmna, uflebamosilebis miniWeba da

ganviTareba
wina TavSi dadgenili da ganxiluli mravali winaaRmdegoba warmoad-

gens uzrunvelyofis statikuri mdgomareobis ganxilvis Sedegs.
amis sapirispirod, SesaZleblobis Seqmnis midgoma koncentrire-
bulia saWiroebis dakmayofilebaze SesaZleblobis da uflebamosi-
lebis zrdis safuZvelze. uflebaTa sxvadasxva komitetis muSaobis
mudmiv Temas warmoadgens is, rom bevr adamians sWirdeba daxmareba
da mxardaWera maTTvis maTive uflebebis moTxovnis saSualebis mi-
niWebaSi. adamianebi, gansakuTrebiT amgvar konteqstSi, mimarTaven
arasamTavrobo organizaciebs. Tumca Careva adamianebis saxeliT
ar aris idealuri gamosavali, gansakuTrebiT grZelvadiani miz-
nebisTvis. amis magivrad adamianebsa da Temebs unda mieniWoT uf-
lebamosileba, rom Tavadve gaxdnen sakuTari situaciis avtorebi.
uflebamosileba niSnavs pirdapir monawileobas. SesaZleblobaTa
ganviTareba misi ganuyofeli nawilia. misi mizania adamianis (regio-
nis/Temis/adgilis) moqmedebis SesaZleblobis gafarToeba, gansa-
kuTrebiT misi socialuri uflebebis ganxorcielebis konteqstSi.
amitom uflebamosilebis miniWeba gulisxmobs rogorc muSaobas
konkretul umweo jgufebTan an regionebTan, aseve siRaribis Sem-
cirebis da socialuri gariyvis zogad programebs.
am TvalsazrisiT muSaoba, romelic aumjobesebs socialuri uf-

lebebis xelmisawvdomobas, warmoadgens socialuri investirebis
formas. es niSnavs adamianuri da socialuri kapitalis ganviTa-
rebas, xolo socialuri uflebebis gaumjobesebas Tavis wvlili
Seaqvs adamianebisTvis adamianuri kapitalis SeqmnaSi. igi aseve
aZlierebs Temebisa da sazogadoebebis socialur kapitals avto-
nomiis, ndobis da socialuri organizaciebis zogadi resursebis
gazrdiT.
73
socialur uflebebTan dakavSirebuli politikis da am uflebebis

uzrunvelyofis damaxasiaTebel niSans, roca isini muSaoben SesaZ-
leblobis Seqmnis midgomaze dayrdnobiT, warmoadgens maT mier
proaqtiuli, da ara pasiuri, zomebis gamoyeneba. socialuri daxma-
reba da momsaxurebebi ufro qmedebas ukavSirdeba, vidre mxolod
statuss. magaliTad, raime daxmarebis an momsaxurebis miReba SesaZ-
lebeli unda iyos ara mxolod imitom, rom viRacas aqvs martoxela
dedis statusi, aramed imitom, rom igi mzrunvelobas iCens mocemul
bavSvze meuRlis dauxmareblad. amgvari orientacia niSnavs profi-
laqtikur da mastimulirebel midgomas da, amave dros, adamianebis
adekvaturi dacvis uzrunvelyofas. SesaZleblobis Seqmnis CarCos
magaliTs warmoadgens gaero-s `dasaxlebis programa~, romelic gvTa
vazobs sxvadasxva gzas, roca sacxovreblis politika unda efuZne-
bodes sacxovrebelze uflebis srul da progresul realizebas.
SesaZleblobis Seqmnis midgomis meore niSans warmoadgens is, rom
cvlileba Tavad aris ganxiluli rogorc mizani da marTlac, vin-
mem SeiZleba Tqvas, rom SesaZleblobis Seqmnis strategia orientire-
bulia axal dasawyisze an axal dasawyisebze. SesaZleblobis Seqmnis
midgoma Tavis Tavze iRebs riskis transformirebas SesaZleblobad.
Semosavlis dakargvis riski, magaliTad, ganixileba rogorc axal saq-
mianobaSi CarTvis SesaZlebloba. amgvar TvalsazrisSi gamosWvivis me-
warmeobis mniSvneloba, midgoma, romelsac did Sefasebas aZlevs da-
saqmebis xelmisawvdomobis xelSemwyob eqspertTa komiteti (CS-EM).
dasaqmebis xelmisawvdomobis xelSemwyob eqspertTa komitetma mewar-
meoba ganixila rogorc àxali garemos Seqmna, garemosi, romelic
uzrunvelyofs stimuls da SesaZleblobebs umuSevari adamianebisT-
vis, wamoiwyon Tavisi sakuTari biznesi da Tavadve uxelmZRvanelon
mas, da romelic aseve xelmisawvdoms xdis garkveul usafrTxoebas,
raTa garantirebuli iyos dacva riskisgan. dasaqmebis xelmisawvdo-
mobis xelSemwyob eqspertTa komitetma aseve aRmoaCina mniSvnelovani
kavSiri liderobasa da novatorobas Soris dasaqmebisas da ganixilavs
mas, rogorc gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovans centraluri da aRmosav-
leT evropisaTvis, sadac privatizeba bevr SesaZleblobebs iZleva
saqonlisa da momsaxurebebis mowodebaSi arsebuli naklovanebebis
gamosworebisaTvis.
amgvari dinamikuri midgomisas sasurvelia ara TavisTavad cvli-

leba: igi ufro imitom aris sasurveli, rom ganviTarebas gulisx-
mobs. winamdebare angariSis wina TavebSi xazgasmiT aris aRniSnuli
saWiroebebis, socialuri uzrunvelyofisa da zogadad socialu-
ri cxovrebis cvalebadi xasiaTi. aqedan gamomdinare, ganviTareba
warmoadgens mudmiv moTxovnilebas. sanos (1999: 751) TqmiT, is, ra-
sac unda miaRwion uflebebma, aris dacvisa da Rirsebis gZnobiT
aRsavse garemo adamianis garSemo, saidanac ganviTareba SeZlebs
winsvlas. evropis sabWos socialuri integraciis ganviTarebis da-
74
nayofis muSaobisas gamoyenebulia termini `progresi, romelic

exeba axali SesaZleblobebis srulad gamoyenebas. es niSnavs ganvi-
Tarebis gagebas, rogorc zrdis uflebas, da gvaxsenebs iseT pro-
cesebs, rogoric aris piradi ganviTareba, ganaTlebis ganviTareba
da mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi swavlis SesaZlebloba.
4.1.3. xarisxi
xarisxis Tema sul ufro aqtualuri xdeba dasavleT evropa-

Si. xarisxis, rogorc principis, erT-erTi upiratesoba is aris,
rom igi SedarebiT SeuzRudavi ideaa, misi mniSvneloba SeiZleba
gansxvavdebodes da gansxvavdeba kidec konteqstidan gamomdina-
re. xarisxs SeiZleba hqondes rogorc zogadi, ise konkretuli
mniSvneloba. proeqti àdamianis Rirseba da socialuri margina-
lizacia~ cdilobda xarisxis mniSvnelobis dakonkretebas (dafi,
1998). man Camoayaliba `sami A-s debuleba. am standartis aTvlis
wertils warmoadgens is, rom saxelmwifos mxridan uzrunvelyofa
SesaZleblobis mixedviT unda akmayofilebdes universalurobisa
da usafrTxoebis kriteriumebs. `sami A niSnavs:
adekvaturoba (Adequacy): minimaluri SemoTavazebuli standar-

ti unda iyos sakmaod maRali da igi unda moicavdes misi saWi-
roebis mqone mosaxleobis did nawils;
xelmisawvdomoba (Accessibility): socialuri uflebebis, ufleba-

mosilebis mkafiod Camoyalibebuli procedurebis da debule-
bebis sruli ganxorcielebis xelmisawvdomobis mmarTveli wese-
bi ar unda iyos rTuli;
SeZenis unari (Affordability): individebisa da ojaxebis mier saqon-

lisa da momsaxurebis Sesyidvis unari iseve unda warmoadgendes
politikis prioritets, rogorc Sesasyidi Rirebuleba.
unda aRiniSnos, rom `sami A-s standarts aqvs rogorc rao-

denobrivi, ise xarisxobrivi ganzomileba. am standartis mniSv-
nelovan komponents warmoadgens Semosavlisa da sxva resursebis
sakmarisoba rogorc momwodeblebisTvis, ise momxmareblebisTvis.
xarisxis zogad iniciativaSi `sami A-s standarts SeuZlia stan-
dartebis dasaxvis bazis Camoyalibeba.
xarisxis cneba ukve farTod gamoiyeneba momsaxurebis miwodeba-

sTan dakavSirebiT. evrokavSiris 101 qveyanaze dakvirvebidan gamom-
dinare pilingeri (2001) gvamcnobs saxelmwifo socialur samsaxu-
1. avstria, belgia, dania, fineTi, safrangeTi, germania, saberZneTi, italia, espa
neTi da gaerTianebuli samefo
75
rebSi am saxis saqmianobis masiur zrdas. xarisxze orientirebul

RonisZiebebs Soris aris rogorc xarisxis formulirebis marti-
vi meqanizmi, ise xarisxis garantirebis rTuli meqanizmi. pilin-
geris TqmiT, evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis saxelmwifo socialur
momsaxurebebSi xarisxis gaumjobesebasTan dakavSirebul yvelaze
mniSvnelovan miRwevas warmoadgens daukmayofilebeli saWiroebe-
bis dadgena. xarisxis zogierT iniciativas Sedegad mohyva axali
momsaxurebebis Seqmna, sxvebi gaumjobesda, Seicvala orientacia
da ganaviTara arsebuli momsaxurebis xarisxi.
pilingeris (2001:118) mier dadgenil xarisxis ganviTarebis sauke-

Teso meTodebSi Sedis:
monawileobaze damyarebuli midgomebi, sadac xarisxi ukavSir-

deba arCevans da avtonomias momxmareblebisTvis;
momxmareblebisTvis uflebamosilebis miniWeba da maTi CarTva

dagegmvaSi;
gaumjobesebebi, romlebic moicavs momxmareblebisa da so-

cialuri sferos muSakebis monawileobiT ganxorcielebuli Se-
fasebis gonivrul da praqtikul meTodebs;
xarisxis miznebi, romlebic Seesabameba adgilobriv wesebs da

romelTa adaptirebac SesaZlebelia maTTan;
xarisxis standartebi, romlebic Camoyalibebulia personalTan,

xelmZRvanelobasTan da momxmareblebTan TanamSromlobiT.
unda aRiniSnos, rom xarisxi ZiriTadad Seicavs efeqtiani da ma-

Ralxarisxiani momsaxurebis xelSewyobas da am miznisTvis xel-
misawvdomi resursebis gamoyenebas.
4.1.4. momsaxurebebisa da daxmarebis integrireba
termini ìntegrireba~ dRes Zalian farTod gamoiyeneba, Tumca

misi mniSvneloba iSviaTad Tu aris dakonkretebuli. rogorc prin-
cipi, integrireba aRiarebs socialuri uflebebis urTierTdakav-
Sirebul xasiaTs. igi efuZneba imis aRiarebas, rom erTi ZiriTadi
socialuri uflebis xelmiuwvdomloba arTulebs adamianebisTvis
sxva socialuri Tu adamianis uflebebis misawvdomobas da, amgva-
rad, zrdis mravalmxrivi izolirebis risks. janmrTeloba, maga-
liTad, seriozulad aris damokidebuli imaze, Tu ramdenad mi-
uwvdeba adamians xeli saTanado sacxovrebelze, Semosavalsa da
dasaqmebaze.
76
praqtikaSi integrireba saWiroebs administraciuli da sxva saz-

Rvrebis moxsnas (pilingeri, 2001). vinaidan integrirebaSi Sedis ko-
ordinireba administraciuli da organizaciuli struqturebis
mier uzrunvelyofis dakavSireba igi ufro radikaluria, vidre
koordinireba. es niSnavs erTian midgomas, romelic, erTis mxriv,
efuZneba saWiroebis mravalganzomilebiani xasiaTis aRiarebas, da,
meores mxriv, adamianebis sicocxlis urTierTdamokidebulebas.
dacalkevebis nacvlad mTeli yuradReba gadatanilia urTierTda-
kavSirebul mTlianobaze. socialuri uflebebis uzrunvelyofis
saqmeSi integrirebis winaaRmdeg moqmed faqtorebs Soris aris Ca-
moyalibebuli profesiuli kulturebi, danawevreba departamente-
bisa Tu saagentoebis mixedviT, dafinansebis sxvadasxva baza da
biurokratuli reJimebi, ierarqiuli struqturebi da sxva orga-
nizaciuli sirTuleebi (pilingeri, 2001: 66).
integrireba ganxiluli unda iqnes rogorc saSualeba da rogorc

mizani. rogorc saSualebas, mas aqvs ganviTarebis garkveuli gza,
romelic yuradRebas amaxvilebs monawileobasa da partniorobaze
(ganxilulia qvemoT). rogorc mizani, igi ornairad SeiZleba war-
movidginoT. pirveli exeba mTlian momsaxurebas, romlis Sedegic
SeiZleba iyos sruli momsaxureba. am konteqstSi xSirad moixse-
nieba ùniversaluri maRaziebis~ cneba. es albaT Zalian amarti-
vebs saWiroebis rTul xasiaTs da aseve sazogadoebirivi momsa-
xurebebis Casmas samomxmareblo CarCoSi. ufro misaRebi cnebebia
ìntegrirebuli misawvdomoba~ da `momsaxurebis platforma~. Tu
vaRiarebT, rom rTuli saWiroebebis gaTvaliswineba SeuZlebelia
erT momsaxurebaSi, zemoxsenebuli cnebebi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs,
rom adamianebs sWirdebaT mimarTulebis micema Sesabamisi momsa-
xurebebisken da rom es saWiroebebi integrirebulad unda dak-
mayofildes. Tavisi meore mniSvnelobiT integrireba gulisxmobs
adamianze, rogorc erTian pirovnebaze, dafiqrebas. Tu bazisad es
iqneba aRebuli, prioritets iZenen is proeqtebi da programebi,
romlebic cdiloben yvela saWiroebis dakmayofilebas. integrire-
bis es ori mniSvneloba ar gamoricxavs erTmaneTs sinamdvileSi
isini mWidrod arian dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan da, idealur
SemTxvevaSi, orive erT miznad unda iqnes miRebuli.
4.1.5. partnioroba da monawileoba
partnioroba integrirebis Tanmdevi procesia.
socialuri partnioroba, romelic gamomdinareobs sxvadasxva in-

teresebidan, gansakuTrebiT ekonomikuri da socialuri dagegmvi-
sas, Camoyalibda evropaSi. mas uamravi sargebeli moaqvs. magaliTad,
ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizaciis (2001)
77
ukanasknelma gamokvlevam cxadyo, rom partniorobas adgilobriv

doneze warmateba moaqvs adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis gaumjobesebaSi
da daukmayofilebeli saWiroebebis dakmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT
samTavrobo programebsa da adgilobriv iniciativebs Soris Tanam-
Sromlobis identificirebaSi. dasaqmebis misawvdomobis xelSemwyob
eqspertTa komitetisa da socialuri dacvis misawvdomobis specia
listTa jgufis muSaobam kidev erTxel daadastura partniorobis
upiratesoba gviCvena, Tu rogor muSaobs igi efeqtianobis da
xarisxis gaumjobesebis TvalsazrisiT. rogorc es aRniSnes arasam
Tavrobo organizaciebma 2006 wlis Jenevis socialuri ganviTarebis
msoflio samitze, axali azriani midgoma saxelmwifo struqturebsa
da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobisa
da partniorobis mimarT aucilebelia (irlandiis Tavmjdomareobis
periodi/evropis sabWo, 2000: 61). sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, sulac ar
aris aucilebeli, rom partniorobas spontanuri xasiaTis hqondes.
igi arc evropis yvela qveynis kulturisTvisaa misaRebi. am da sxva
mizezebis gamo aucilebelia yuradRebis miqceva im pirobebze, rom-
lebSic partnioroba SeZlebs fexis mokidebas da ayvavebas.
partniorobis fuZemdebluri koncefciis nawils Seadgens demokrati-

is ganaxleba da ganmtkiceba. amitom partniorobaSi SesaZlebeli unda
iyos yvela dainteresebuli piris CarTva. partnioroba, romelic
monawileobas gulisxmobs, yvela im piris motivirebasac niSnavs,
romlebmac monawileoba unda miiRon am partniorobaSi. partnioro-
bis masStabTan dakavSirebiT dasaqmebis misawvdomobis xelSemwyob
eqspertTa komitetic da socialuri dacvis misawvdomobis specia
listTa jgufic gvirCeven, rom partniorobaSi unda CaerTos rac
SeiZleba meti organizacia da moqmedi piri, xolo sargebloba yvela
dainteresebulma mxarem unda miiRos. am mxareebs ganekuTvnebian cen-
traluri, adgilobrivi da regionuli mTavrobebi, socialuri dax-
marebis gamwevi organoebi, damsqmeblebisa da biznes-organizaciebi,
profkavSiri, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi da samoqalaqo sazoga-
doebis sxva wevrebi, agreTve umuSevrebis, qalebisa da eTnikur um-
ciresobaTa warmomadgenlebi. partniorobisas aseve didi mniSvnelo-
ba aqvs imas, Tu ra tipis urTierToba myardeba mxareebs Soris. mas ar
uxdeba ierarqia, vinaidan mas ukavSirdeba TanamSromlobiTi da arai-
erarqiuli urTierTobebi, roca yvela ase Tu ise Tanaswori monawi
lea. aqedan gamomdinare, partnioroba moiTxovs `qvemodan zemoT~ da
ara `zemodan qvemoT~ midgomas.
partniorobas SeiZleba hqondes mTeli rigi formebisa da muSaobdes

sxvadasxva doneze. partniorobis erTi tipi gvxvdeba mimwodebel or-
ganizaciebSi politikuri sferoebis mixedviT. magaliTad, janmrTe-
lobis dacvis, ganaTlebis, socialuri momsaxurebis da SeRavaTebis
da, aseve, sacxovreblis da samuSaos mimwodeblebi, arasamTavrobo
78
organizaciebis CaTvliT, erTiandebian dagegmvisa da momsaxurebis mi-

wodebis mizniT. partniorobis meore forma muSaobs sxvadasxva admin-
istraciuli da geografiuli doneebis dasakavSireblad. am konteqst-
Si gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes evropis adgilobrivi da regionuli
mmarTvelobis organoebis kongresis 52-e rekomendacia (1998) imasTan
dakavSirebiT, rom saxelmwifo da kerZo organizaciebs Soris part-
niorobisTvis, kongresis azriT, Sesabamisi done unda iyos regioni.
dasaqmebis misawvdomobis xelSemwyob eqspertTa komitetis saqmianoba
mxars uWers partniorobisTvis Zlieri adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis
miniWebas da amtkicebs, rom swored adgilobriv doneze mimdinareobs
daucveli jgufebis cxovreba da rom swored am doneze cdiloben
isini TavianTi uflebebis gamoyenebas. dasaqmebis xelmisawvdomobis
xelSemwyob eqspertTa komitetic da socialuri dacvis xelmisawv-
domobis specialistTa jgufic miuTiTeben Sromisa da gansaxlebis
bevri bazris adgilobriv xasiaTze. yvelaze farTo monawileobis pi-
robebSi partnioroba Sanss aZlevs im adamianebs, romlebic cdilo-
ben, xma miawvdinon Sesabamisi donis uwyebebs da monawileoba miiRon
dagegmvis procesSi. rogorc evropis sabWom socialuri integraciis
strategiaSi aRniSna, arasamTavrobo organizaciebma yvelas daanaxes,
Tu raoden faseuli wvlilis Setana SeuZlia uZlurTa xmas politi-
kur gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis procesSi.
4.1.6. gamWvirvaloba da gaxsniloba
informaciis saidumloeba da nakleboba gamWvirvalobis sawinaaRm-

dego cnebebia da isini socialuri uflebebis namdvili mtrebi ari
an. saxelmwifo politikis bevr sferoSi moqmedebs filosofia `Si-
da-gare~ an `Sinauri-ucxo~. es xels uwyobs dayofas ara mxolod
momsaxurebis mimwodeblebsa da momxmareblebs (an maT momxreebs)
Soris, aramed TviT samsaxurebsa da dawesebulebebSic. amas mivya-
varT mouqnelobasTan, xolo ufro eqstremalur formaSi SeiZleba
warmoSvas interesTa konfliqti `Cvensa~ da `maTs~ Soris. aseT dros
angariSvaldebuleba, informaciis gacvla-gamocvla da saukeTeso
praqtikis sxva proceduruli aspeqtebi, upirveles yovlisa, war-
modgenilia rogorc Sida sakiTxebi. momsaxurebaTa momxmareblebs
uyureben ara ubralod `sadRac, Sors myofT~, aramed rogorc raRac
aradiferencirebul masas. es im dabali prioritetulobis mizezicaa
da Sedegic, romelic eniWeba aRsrulebas, momsaxurebis miwodebas da
momxmareblis kmayofilebis monitorings. garda amisa, komunikaciisa
da informaciis miwodebisTvis ar aris prioriteti miniWebuli. zemoT,
3.5 qveTavSi vnaxeT, rom informaciis maragma da nakadma, miwodebuli
informacis xarisxma da, aseve, misi miwodebis arxma SeiZleba didi
sargebloba miiRos gaumjobesebisgan. gamWvirvalobis da gaxsnilobis
politika gulisxmobs, rom organizaciebs aqvT komunikaciis strate-
gia. igi aseve gulisxmobs, rom strategia unda iyos mravalmxrivi
79
da yovlismomcveli (miznobriv jgufebad sxvadasxva àuditoriis~

dasaxvis da sxvadasxva arxebis TvalsazrisiT) da adamianebisTvis re-
agirebis gamoxatvis SesaZleblobasac unda moicavdes. garda amisa,
unda arsebobdes Ria midgomisTvis auclebeli elementebi, rogoric
aris saxalxo damcveli, apelaciis procedura, momwodeblebisa da
momxmareblebis pasuxismgeblobis mkafiod Camoyalibeba da sajaroo-
ba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor xdeba gadawyvetilebis miReba.
Tumca amJamad es Zalian iSviaTad xdeba.
4.1.7. Tanasworoba
roca saqme exeba socialur uflebebs, dauSvebelia diferencireba. es

uflebebi, Tavisi xasiaTiT, yvelas exeba. miuxedavad amisa, Tu gaviT-
valiswinebT socialuri dayofis Rrmad gamjdar bunebas, socialuri
uTanasworoba gadadis zogierTi socialuri uflebis xelmiuwvdom-
lobaSi. uTanasworoba iWreba socialur uflebebSi ise, rom adamiane-
bi, romlebzec moqmedebs amgvari movlena an romlebic ganixilebian
daucvel fenad, awydebian gansakuTrebul sirTuleebs socialur
uflebebTan dakavSirebiT. uTanasworobis erT-erT universalur
wyaros sqesi warmoadgens da TavianTi socialuri uflebebis ganxor
cielebaSi qalebi ufro iCagrebian, vidre mamakacebi. Tumca Tanas-
woroba Zalian kompleqsuri cnebaa, rac niSnavs, rom uTanasworobis
sxvadasxva wyaro zogjer erTad iCens xolme Tavs. sqesis garda, uTa-
nasworoba Tavs iCens rasobriv jgufebs Soris, eTnikuri warmoSobis
da socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis mixedviT. sxvadasxva ufle-
baTa komitetis muSaobam gamoavlina ara mxolod daucveli jgufe-
bis arseboba yvela qveyanaSi, aramed amgvari jgufebis indeturobis
gasaocari msgavseba saxelmwifoebrivi sazRvrebis miuxedavad.
amitom albaT droulia, kidev erTxel gavimeoroT, rom Tanasworoba

uflebebis gamoyenebis kargi praqtikis fuZemdebluri principia. Ta-
nasworobis realizebis procedurebi yvelaze ganviTarebulia sqesTan
dakavSirebiT. am mxriv msoflioSi udavo lideria evrokavSiri,
romelmac Tavis yvelanair politikasa da strategiaSi centraluri
adgili miakuTvna genderul sakiTxebs. sqesTa Tanasworobaze amJamad
gabatonebulia azri, rom oficialuri iuridiuli midgoma unda Se-
icvalos aqtiuri zomebiT, romlebic moaxdens sqesTa Tanasworobis
sakiTxis integrirebas politikasTan dakavSirebul procedurebsa da
praqtikaSi. mizania zogadi arsisTvis universaluri xasiaTis micema
da genderuli Tanasworobis sakiTxis Setana politikis SemuSavebis
yvela doneze, aseve moTxovna, rom igi CarTuli iyos miznis saxiT yve-
lanair politikaSi, yvela donesa da politikis SemuSavebis procesis
yvela etapze. amgvari midgoma SeiZleba Camoyalibdes uTanasworobis
sxva wyaroebis mimarTac. magaliTad, dasaqmebaSi xelSewyobis ufle-
baze momuSave eqspertTa komiteti (CS-EM) ganixilavda dasaqmebisa
80
da treningis xelmisawvdomobaSi Tanasworobis sakiTxs ekonomikurad

SezRuduli sxva jgufebis TvalsazrisiT; kerZod, es exeba invalidebs,
eTnikur umciresobebs da asakis niSniT diskriminacias (rogorc
axalgazrdebSi, ise asakovnebSi). yvela am jgufs aqvs gansxvavebuli
saWiroebebi da amitom maT unda hqondeT Tanabari SesaZleblobebi
politikis TvalsazrisiT, adgilobrivi partniorobis CaTvliT.
4.1.8. ganxorcielebis monitoringi da ganxilva
Tema, romelic mudmivad wamoiWreba socialuri uflebebis gamoye

nebasTan dakavSirebiT arsebuli winaaRmdegobebis analizisas, aris
uflebamosilebis ukmarisoba. maSinac ki, roca uflebamosileba
mkafiod da zustadaa dadgenili, mainc didi gansxvavebaa uflebis
oficialurad Camoyalibebul saxesa da mis praqtikul ganxorciele-
bas Soris. am situaciaSi Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs am uflebebis
ganxorcielebis monitorings, ganxilvas da aRsrulebas. socialuri
uflebebis momavlisTvis mniSvnelovania iseTi procesebis Camoya
libeba, romlebic, erTis mxriv, Riaa arsebul wesebSi naklovanebebis
dadgenisTvis da, meores mxriv, axlad warmoqmnili saWiroebebisTvis.
amJamad yvelaze didi problemaa informaciis nakleboba. am SemTxveva-

Si Cven vgulisxmobT informaciis naklebobas wevri qveynebis doneze
(da aseve regionul da adgilobriv doneebze) socialuri uflebebis
praqtikulad realizebis Sesaxeb. informaciis nakleboba SeiniSneba
ara mxolod mTalianad romelime qveyanaSi, aramed socialur ufle-
baTa xelmisawvdomobis TvalsazrisiT am qveynebis sxvadasxva adgi-
las gansxvavebebTan dakavSirebiTac. es aseve warmoadgens imis Sedegs,
rom evropaSi ar arsebobs monacemTa raime erTiani baza socialur
uflebebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebisTvis. is faqti, rom uflebaTa
TiToeuli komiteti iZulebuli iyo, Seegrovebin axali empiriuli in-
formacia, ukve RaRadebs saxelmwifoTa Soris arsebul informaciis
simwireze. wevri qveynebis doneze unda gagrZeldes muSaoba statis-
tikis gaumjobesebis mimarTulebiT monacemebis standartizebis miz-
niT evropaSi miRebuli kriteriumebis bazaze. Zalian mniSvnelovania
indikatorebis SerCeva, gansakuTrebiT xarisxobrivi indikatorebisa.
es ukve aRiara evropis sabWom, sadac mimdinareobs muSaoba socia
luri integraciis indikatorebis Camoyalibebis mimarTulebiT so-
cialuri integraciis ganviTarebis danayofis xelmZRvanelobiT. am
konteqstSi aseve unda aRiniSnos socialuri izolirebis da uTanas-
worobis Seswavlis aucilebloba yvela qveyanaSi.
sacxovrebeli pirobebis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave specialist-

Ta jgufis (CS-LO)-s rekomendacia sacxovrebliT uzrunvelyofis
sakiTxze dakvirvebis erovnul centrebTan dakavSirebiT erovnul
doneze monitoringis erT-erT formas gvTavazobs. es SeiZleba ga-
81
keTdes socialur uflebebze dakvirvebis erovnuli centrebis mier,

rasac SeiZleba hqondes mTeli rigi upiratesobebisa informaciis
moZiebasa da xelmisawvdomobaSi. jer erTi, es centrebi warmoadgenen
integrirebul midgomas socialuri uflebebis mimarT erovnul
doneze. meore, dakvirvebis centri Tavis wvlils Seitans socialur
uflebaTa evropuli komitetis muSaobaSi (romelic monitorings uw-
evs evropis socialur qartiasa da Sesworebul qartiasTan Sesabam-
isobas). mesame, socialur uflebebze dakvirvebis erovnuli centre-
bi SeZlebdnen informaciis Segrovebisa da mis xelmisawvdomad qcevis
funqciis ganxorcielebas. monitoringi unda xorcieldebodes aseve
sxva doneebze da moicavdes momxmarebelTa kmayofilebis Seswavlas.
mTeli am informaciis Segrovebas eqneboda Tanmxlebi Sedegebi mo-
nacemTa miwodebis, analizis Catarebisa da reagirebis TvalsazrisiT,
rac saWiro iqneboda programebisa da politikis CamoyalibebisTvis.
4.2. saukeTeso praqtikis moqmedebis zogierTi magaliTi
am TavSi mocemulia sxvadasxva qveyanaSi SerCeuli proeqtebisa da ini-

ciativebis ramdenime magaliTi. es aris is praqtikuli gzebi, romelTa
meSveobiTac xdeba socialuri uflebebisTvis arsebuli winaaRmde-
gobebis dadgena da gadalaxva. unda aRiniSnos, rom bevri es magaliTi
gulisxmobs arsebuli praqtikis gafarToebas da/an modificirebas
da isini efuZneba (ama Tu im gziT) socialuri dacvis farTo sisteme-
bis kidev ufro gafarToebas, rac ukve praqtikulad xdeba.
es magaliTebi (bevri maTgani axlaxans momxdaria) SerCeulia sxva-

dasxva safuZvelze. pirvel rigSi Cven veZebdiT iniciativebs, rom-
lebic gamoxataven integrirebuli midgomebis aspeqtebis praqtikul
moqmedebas. amgvari qmedebebi ukavSirdeba im principebis ganxil-
vas, romlebic xels uwyobs socialuri uflebebis misawvdomobas.
aseT SemTxvevebSi xdeba adamianebis socialuri uflebebisa da maTi
saWiroebebis (da maTze reagirebis) ganuyoflobis demonstrireba.
meore, Cven gvainteresebda is praqtika, romelic saTaves iRebs TviT
momsaxurebis momwodeblebisgan, rac gviCvenebs cvlilebis Sida di-
namikas. mesame, aseve sainteresod CavTvaleT is proeqtebi, romlebic
dafuZnebulia partniorobaze, iqneba es sxvadasxva momwodeblebs an
seqtorebs Soris Tu xelmisawvdomobis doneebis (adgilobrivi, re-
gionuli, saxelmwifo da saerTaSoriso) mixedviT. meoTxe kriteriumi
dakavSirebulia imasTan, Tu rogor arian momxmareblebi CarTulni
proeqtSi proeqtisa Tu iniciativis provocireba maT moaxdines,
Tu proeqti an iniciativa Tavad warmoiSvnen maTi saWiroebebidan.
pirveli SerCeuli saqmianoba erT-erTi saukeTeso magaliTia iseTi

midgomisa, romelic, erTis mxriv, mimarTulia mTeli rigi social-
82
uri uflebebisken da, meores mxriv, akeTebs amas integrirebuli saxiT

da warmoSobs partniorobebs. adamianebis saWiroebebi aRiarebulia
rogorc mravalganzomilebiani, Sesabamisad, reagirebisas cdiloben,
daakmayofilon usafrTxo da saTanado sacxovreblis saWiroeba da
aseve miscen adamianebs treningisa da anazRaurebadi muSaobis saSu-
aleba. adamianebi, romlebsac sWirdebaT daxmareba, uSualod arian Cab-
mulni sakuTari saWiroebebis dakmayofilebaSi. is faqti, rom IGLOO
proeqtebi muSaobs rogorc evrokavSiris wevr aseve sxva qveynebSi,
aniWebs maT rogorc evropul, aseve saxelmwifo da adgilobriv mniS-
vnelobas.
IGLOO
(evrokavSirsa da sxva qveynebSi)
es aris socialuri gansaxlebis evropuli komitetis (CECODHAS), evropis

profkavSirTa konfederaciis (ETUC) da usaxlkaroebTan momuSave erovnuli
organizaciebis evropuli federaciis (FEANTSA) iniciativa. gansaxlebisa
da dasaqmebis mimarT integrirebuli midgomis Tanaxmad, erT-erTi ZiriTadi
mizania adgilobrivi resursis miwodeba maTTvis, vinc muSaobs umweo adami-
anebis dasaxlebis, treningis da dasaqmebis sakiTxebze.
iniciativa daiwyo 1995 wels. igi gulisxmobs platformis Seqmnas rogorc

evropis doneze, aseve saxelmwifo da regionul doneebze praqtikuli gada
wyvetilebis moZebnis mizniT integrirebasTan, gansaxlebasa da samuSaosTan
dakavSirebiT adgilobriv doneze. partnioroba sxvadasxva organizaciebsa
da doneebs Soris warmoadgens ZiriTad princips da modus operandi-s. igive
exeba integrirebas, vinaidan mTliani modeli moqmedebs `gansaxleba-samuSao-
treningi-momsaxurebebis integrirebuli filosifiis safuZvelze. IGLOO
partniorobis mizania misces xalxs dasaqmebis SesaZlebloba saTanado sacx-
ovreblis miRebis da treningis safuZvelze. amis erT-erTi gzaa monawileo-
ba sakuTari sacxovreblis mSeneblobaSi an remontSi. amgvari proeqtebis
Sedegad xdeba mudmivi sacxovrebeli saxlebis warmoqmna da adaptireba miz-
nobrivi jgufis saWiroebebisadmi, garantirebuli samuSaos adgilebis da/
an socialuri dacvis sistemebis Seqmna. CarTulia marginalizebuli mizno-
brivi jgufebi, rogorebic arian usaxlkaroebi, mZime pirobebSi mcxovrebi
an sacxovrebeli adgilis dakargvis riskis qveS moqceuli adamianebi. bevri
IGLOO proeqti damokidebulia adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier wamowyebul
sacxovreblis remontTan an mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebul proeqtze. IGLOO,
romelic evropaSi moRvaweobisTvis garkveul dafinansebas iRebs evrokav-
Siridan (rogorc evropis socialuri fondis eqsperimentuli proeqti), ar
aris koncentrirebuli romelime erT qveyanaze. sxvadasxva organizaciis
saxelmwifo da regionulma wevrebma xeli moaweres TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb
oqmebs evrokavSiris ToTxmet qveyanaSi da ukve 100-ze metma proeqtma gai-
ara analizi. proeqtebis msgavsad IGLOO iZleva infromaciis sistematuri
gacvla-gamocvlis saSualebas.
damatebiTi informaciisTvis mimarTeT Semdeg vebgverds:

http://www.feantsa.org
83
Semdegi magaliTi (irlandiidan) warmoadgens eqsperimentul

proeqts, romelic SeimuSava socialur dacvaze pasuxismgebelma
saministrom da romelic mimarTulia integrirebuli midgomis ga-
moyenebiT riskis qveS myofi bevri ojaxis saWiroebis dakmayofi-
lebaze. proeqti sainteresoa, pirvel rigSi, im faqtis gamo, rom
igi wamoiwyes saxelmwifo momsxurebis mimwodeblebma. da mainc misi
funqcionireba moicavs TanamSromlobas mTel rig dawesebulebeb-
sa da samsaxurebs Soris. aseve aRsaniSnavia yuradRebis gamaxvile-
ba informaciis miwodebasa da informaciis mimarT integrirebuli
midgomis gamoyenebaze. da bolos, daxmarebis midgoma aseve ilust-
rirebulia ojaxebis momsaxurebis proeqtSi, romelic gulisxmobs
SeTanxmebul Zalisxmevas momsaxurebaTa miwodebaze adamianebisT-
vis maTive sacxovrebeli adgilis maxloblad.
ojaxebis momsaxurebis proeqti
(irlandia)
irlanduri proeqti, romelic jerac eqsperimentis fazaSia da muSaobs

mxolod qalaqebis SedarebiT mcire raodenobis RaribTa raionebSi, miznad
isaxavs integrirebuli xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofas informaciisad-
mi da momsaxurebebisadmi riskis qveS myofi ojaxebisTvis maTsave ubnebSi.
proeqti wamoiwyo socialur uzrunvelyofasa da keTildReobaze pasuxis-
mgebelma saministrom socialuri, Temisa da ojaxis sakiTxebis departa-
mentma. `supermarketis koncefcia roca adamianebs Tavisi bevri moT-
xovnilebis dakmayofileba SeuZliaT erT adgilas da/an erTi momsaxurebiT
damaxasiaTebelia proeqtisTvis, romlis zogadi mizania individebisa da
ojaxebisTvis pirobebis gaumjobeseba.
proeqtis filosofia efuZneba aRiarebas imisa, rom Temis monawileoba da

adgilobrivi moqmedeba gadamwyvetia ojaxebisTvis daxmarebis warmatebiT
miwodebis saqmeSi. yuradReba gamaxvilebulia uwyebaTaSoris midgomaze, rac
gulisxmobs mWidro TanamSromlobas mTel rig samTavrobo organizaciebsa
da moxalise dawesebulebebs Soris. daxmarebis personalizebuli programa
xelmisawvdomi gaxda rTuli saWiroebebis mqone ojaxebis mcire jgufisT-
vis. aqedan gamomdinare, gamoyofilia individebisa da ojaxebis garkveuli
saWiroebebi. amaSi Sedis kontaqtis da informaciis Tu momsaxurebis miRe-
bis erTi punqti. miznobriv ojaxebSi Sedian martoxela dedebi da sxva oja-
xebi martoxela mSobliT, ojaxebi, romlebic damokidebuli arian socialu-
ri dacvis samsaxurebze, da ojaxebi, romlebsac uZRvebian mzrunvelebi.
proeqti gulisxmobs individualur muSaobas adamianebTan maTi piradi da
ojaxuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis unaris gafarToebis da ganaTlebis
da dasaqmebis xelmisawvdomobis mizniT.
eqsperimentuli proeqtebi gadis Sefasebas, xolo bolodroindeli angari-

Si iZleva proeqtebis saxelmwifo doneze ayvanis rekomendacias.
damatebiTi informaciisTvis mimarTeT Semdeg vebgverds: http://www.dscfa.ie
84
Semdegi magaliTi (ungreTidan) RirsSesaniSnavia ramdenime Tval-

sazrisiT. pirvel rigSi, igi gviCvenebs ara mxolod imas, Tu rogo-
ri daxmareba surT adamianebs maTi saWiroebebis dakmayofilebaSi,
aramed imasac, rom maTi resursebiT dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi
isini SeiZleba damoukidebelnic gaxdnen. zogjer adamianebs mxo-
lod gzis miTiTeba sWirdebaT. am proeqtis saukeTeso praqtikis
meore elementia reagirebis mravalganzomilebiani xasiaTi. mxo-
lod miwa da danadgarebi ar aris sakmarisi; umjobesia, adamianebs
CautardeT treningebi da mieceT daxmareba damoukidebel mwarmo-
eblad an mewarmed CamoyalibebaSi. mesamec, es proeqti kargi ma-
galiTia im Sedegisa, romlis miRebac SeiZleba saxelmwifo, ker-
Zo da moxaliseTa seqtorebs Soris TanamSromlobis safuZvelze.
proeqti aseve yuradRebas amaxvilebs gansakuTrebiT daucvel
jgufebze socialuri uflebebisa da dasaqmebis TvalsazrisiT,
kerZod, centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi: boSebze.
miwis socialuri programa samewarmeo SesaZleblobebis miwodebis mizniT
(ungreTi)
sarkadi (ungreTi) sasoflo-sameurneo raionia rumineTis sazRvarTan. 1992

wels umuSevrobis maCvenebeli am raionSi 25% iyo. adgilobriv boSebs
Soris, romlebic adgilobrivi mosaxleobis 12%-s Seadgenen, umuSevroba
100%-iani iyo.
es proeqti, romelic 1993 wels daiwyo, gamiznuli iyo im ojaxebis dasax-

mareblad, romelTa wevrebi didi xnis umuSevrebi iyvnen, hyavdaT sam Svil-
ze meti an hqondaT saSualoze dabali Semosavali. igi wamoiwyo ojaxebis
mxardaWerisa da daxmarebis socialurma centrma, romelsac mxari dauWira
CERES fondma da bekeSis sagrafos dasaqmebis samsaxurma. bekeSis sagra-
fos sawarmoTa ganviTarebis fondma uzrunvelyo rCevebi, maSindelma sa-
xelmwifo keTildReobis saministrom gamoyo fondebi, xolo saxelmwifo
Semnaxvelma bankma dainteresebuli monawileebisTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxada
sawarmoo krediti.
programa muSaobda ekonomikis, dasaqmebisa da socialuri politikis sakiT-

xebze. masSi funqcionirebda dasaqmebis xelSewyobis programa da awvdida
monawileebs trenings soflis meurneobis produqciis inovaciur formebSi,
samewarmeo unar-Cvevebs, samsaxuris Sovnis unarebs da pirad uflebamosi-
lebas. maT miewodebodaT masalebi da instrumentebi Tesli, qimikatebi
da manqanebi da aseve eZleodaT miwa. mizans warmoadgenda òjaxebisTvis
muSaobis SesaZleblobis micema maTi sakuTari finansuri sargeblis miRebis
mizniT da maTi daxmareba damoukidebel mwarmoeblebad da mewarmeebad Ca-
moyalibebaSi~. 1996 wlisTvis 300-mde ojaxma miiRo monawileoba proeqtSi.
programa gavrcelda kidev 300 qalaqze, sofelsa da dasaxlebaze da amJamad

masSi ungreTis 12 000-ze meti ojaxi iRebs monawileobas.
85
Semdegi magaliTi safrangeTidan aris da moicavs rig koordinirebul

zomebs, romelTa mizania yvela adamianisTvis janmrTelobis dacvis
momsaxurebebis miRebisas Tanaswori Rirsebis principis damkvidreba.
iniciativa ganixilavs janmrTelobis dacvis momsaxurebas, rogorc
gzas sxva socialuri uflebebisken da cdilobs janmrTelobis dacvis
momsaxurebasa da sxva socialur momsaxurebebs Soris barierebis moxs-
nas. gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis eqceva regionuli donis momsaxure-
bas. regionuli programebi muSaoben ara mxolod imis gasacxadeblad,
rom adamianebis sirTuleebi da saWiroebebi urTierTdakavSirebulia,
aramed isini cdiloben am saWiroebebze mravalferovnebasa da TanamS-
romlobaze dayrdnobiT reagirebas. janmrTelobis ufleba ganixileba
rogorc ZiriTadi da ara rogorc paraleluri ufleba. Modus operan-
di-s warmoadgens farTomasStabiani partnioroba, maT Soris momsaxu-
rebaTa momxmareblebTan partnioroba.
prevenciisa da mzrunvelobis xelmisawvdomobis regionuli programebi (safrangeTi)
1998 wlis 29 ivlisis safrangeTis aqti socialuri gariyvis Sesaxeb, ro-

melic efuZneba adamianebs Soris Tanasworobis princips, dakavSirebulia
rogorc fundamentur uflebebTan, aseve uflebamosilebis miRebis xelSem-
wyobis politikis koordinirebasTan.
am miznobrivi midgomis janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli nawili efuZneba saval-

debulo regionuli prevenciisa da mzrunvelobis programas (PRAPS). mizania
gaWirvebuli adamianebis janmrTelobis gaumjobeseba, Tumca programebi aseve
aniWeben maT sxva socialuri uflebebis gamoyenebis uflebamosilebas da exma-
rebian janmrTelobis dacvasa da socialur momsaxurebebs da janmrTelobaze
zegavlenis mqone sxva saxelmwifo momsaxurebebs Soris barierebis moxsnaSi.
PRAPS-is mier wamowyebul qmedebebSi Sedis:

centrebis Camoyalibeba janmrTelobis universaluri sqemis ganxor-
cielebis monitoringis mizniT, sadac Cabmulni iqnebian janmrTelobis
dazRvevis organizaciebi da momsaxurebis mimRebTa warmomadgeneli aso-
ciaciebi;
saxelmwifo saavadmyofoebidan janmrTelobis dazRvevis uflebebis ga-
naxlebis da imis garantirebis moTxovna, rom saavadmyofoebidan gawe
ril adamianebs eqnebaT damakmayofilebeli sacxovrebeli pirobebi maTi
Semdgomi mkurnalobisTvis;
dausaqmebeli adamianebis mier samedicino momsaxurebis miReba sawarmoo
janmrTelobis samsaxurisgan im azriT, rom aseTi adamianebi xelaxla
dasaqmdebian an gagrZeldeba maTi mkurnaloba, Tu es aucilebeli iqneba
gamomdinare maTi uunarobidan Tu avadmyofobidan;
enobrivi sirTuleebis mqone adamianebis identificireba maTTvis
ganaTlebis misawvdomobis gaumjobesebis mizniT;
kontaqtis damyareba daucvel fenebTan, sacxovrebeli pirobebis gaum-
jobeseba da sacxovreblad gamousadegari binebis identificireba;
mravaldargovani treningis organizeba didi sirTuleebis winaSe mdgar
adamianebTan partniorobis safuZvelze.
86
centralurma mTavrobam Tavisi wvlili unda Seitanos barierebis dam-

sxvrevaSi, kavSirebis damyarebasa da koordinirebaSi rogorc socia
lur izolirebasTan dakavSirebul Tavis sakuTar sferoSi janmrTe-
lobis dacvaSi, socialur uzrunvelyofaSi, ganaTlebaSi, gansaxlebasa
da dasaqmebaSi aseve urTierTobaSi xelisuflebis adgilobriv or-
ganoebTan, janmrTelobis dacvis muSakebTan da dawesebulebebTan da
moxalise asociaciebTan. 1990 wlis aqtis Tanaxmad es potenciuri part-
niorebi erToblivad unda iyvnen pasuxismgebelni situaciis Sefasebaze
Tavis Sesabamis departamentebSi da maT mier PRAPS-is Camoyalibebaze,
ganxorcielebasa da monitoringze.
amgvari partniorobis damyareba TiToeul regionSi moiTxovs codnas

gaWirvebuli adamianebis saWiroebebisa da swrafvebis Sesaxeb. amitom
Sesabamisi jgufebi CarTulni unda iyvnen amgvari codnis damyarebis
xelSewyobaSi da motivirebas qmnidnen da informacias awvdidnen Sesa-
bamis dawesebulebebsa da profesionalebs.

http://www.sante.gouv.fr (PRAPS)
Semdegi iniciativa warmoadgens mravalganzomilebiani da inova-

ciuri midgomis magaliTs im muSebis xelaxal swavlebasa da in-
tegrirebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelTa unar-Cvevebic moZvelda.
es exeba evropis yvela im Tems, mcire Tu did qalaqsa da regi-
ons, sadac moxda ekonomikuri bazis transformireba, da bevr im
adamians da profesionalTa jgufs, romelTa unar-Cvevebi ga-
mousadegari an naklebmniSvnelovani gaxda. es kargi magaliTia
gansakuTrebiT im adamianebisTvis, romlebic cdiloben, Tavad
gansazRvron sakuTari momavali da gamoiyenon arsebuli stru-
qtura profkavSiri inovaciuri gziT. partnioroba prof-
kavSirs, xelmZRvanelobas da mSromelebs Soris am proeqtis war-
matebis mniSvnelovani elementia.
samsaxuridan Semcirebis Sedegad daTxovnili metalurgebis dasaqmebis Se-

saZleblobis gaumjobeseba
(rumineTi)
rumineTSi metalurgiuli mrewvelobis restruqturizebis Sedegad umu-

Sevari darCa 40 000 metalurgi. restruqturizebis process Tan axlda
SeTanxmeba Semcirebuli muSebis daxmarebis Taobaze ise, rom maT eSovnaT
stabiluri samsaxuri rac SeiZleba swrafad xelaxali swavlebiT, Temis
proeqtebSi maTi droebiTi CabmiT, mcire biznesis wamowyebis xelSewyo-
biT da daxmarebiT im adgilebSi gadasaxlebaSi, sadac xelmisawvdomi iyo
samuSao.
87
Camoyalibda metalurgebis xelaxali momzadebis erovnuli kavSiri

(UNIRMET). es sami mxarisgan Semdgari organoa, romelSic Sedian xelmZ-
Rvanelobis, muSebisa da regionuli trening-centrebis warmomadgenle-
bi. Camoyalibda, agreTve, metalurgebTan solidarobis erovnuli fon-
di, romelic afinansebda daxmarebis am RonisZiebebs. aRniSnuli fondis
Semosavals warmoadgenda im firmebis Senatanebi, romlebmac xeli moawe-
res SeTanxmebas. Tanxebi SehqondaT aseve mSromelebs da sxva wyaroebs.
samsaxuridan daTxovnilma muSebma UNIRMET-Tan xeli moaweres erTwli-

an kontraqts im programebSi monawileobis Sesaxeb, romlebic moicavda
Semdeg sakiTxebs:
ufaso profesiuli momzadeba alternatul unar-CvevebSi Semdgomi

dasaqmebis imediT;
monawileoba Temis proeqtebSi, vidre UNIRMET aRmoaCenda Sesabamis
samuSao adgils monawileebisTvis;
rCevebis miwodeba biznesis dawyebasTan dakavSirebiT, sawyisi fazisT-
vis iseTi grantebis gacema, romlebic ar iqneboda dasabrunebeli;
im monawilis programidan gasvlis xarjebi, romelmac miiRo mudmivi
samuSaos SemoTavazeba romelime sxva adgilidan.
am RonisZiebebma, romlebic ganxorcielda profkavSirebis da xelmZRvane-

lobis aqtiuri monawileobis safuZvelze, samuSaodakarguli adamianebisT-
vis ufro gaamartiva axali samsaxurebis Sovna an sakuTari mcire biznesis
wamowyeba.
socialuri dazRvevis belgiuri qartia gviCvenebs, rogor moxda
adamianebis socialuri cxovrebis gaumjobesebis principebis danerg-
va sakanonmdeblo midgomis saSualebiT. socialuri uzrunvelyofis
da socialuri daxmarebis yvela mimwodeblis saqmianoba regulirdeba
qartiiT da isini pasuxs ageben Tavisi momsaxurebis xarisxze uflebe-
bis momTxovnebisa Tu uflebebiT mosargebleebis winaSe. informacia
uflebebis Sesaxeb mkafiod aris Camoyalibebuli qartiaSi, romelic
ara marto avaldebulebs socialuri uzrunvelyofis dawesebule-
bebs socialuri momsaxurebis mimRebebis uzrunvelyofas yvelanairi
aucilebeli informaciiT maTi uflebebis Sesaxeb, aramed saSuale-
bas aZlevs momsaxurebis mimRebT, miiRon informacia momsaxurebis
mimwodebeli organizaciebis Sesaxeb. momsaxurebis mimwodeblebi ase-
ve valdebulebi arian, moaxdinon saswrafo reagireba momsaxurebis
moTxovnebze, xolo Tu maT ar SeuZliaT daxmarebis aRmoCena, gaag-
zavnon adamiani Sesabamis dawesebulebaSi. momsaxurebis mimwodebelTa
pasuxismgeblobis gamoyofiT, qartia ufro metad agrZnobinebs maT
sakuTar rols da unergavs momsaxurebis mimRebTa mimarT pativisce-
mas. da bolos, qartia cdilobs momsaxurebis mimRebTa mdgomareobis
Secvlas maTi socialuri uflebebis efeqtianobis ganmtkicebis gziT.
am mizniT igi uflebaTa mflobelebis saWiroebebs aniWebs amosavali
wertilis statuss socialuri uzrunvelyofisa da socialuri mom-
saxurebis organizebis TvalsazrisiT.
88
dazRveuli adamianis qartia

(belgia)
belgiis 1995 wlis 11 aprilis federaluri kanoni, romelic ZalaSi 1997

wlis TebervalSi Sevida `dazRveuli adamianis qartiis~ saxelwodebiT, aya-
libebs mTel rig mniSvnelovan principebs, romlebic exeba sazogadoebis
(dazRveuli adamianis) uflebebs socialuri uzrunvelyofis dawesebule-
bebis mimarT.
qartiis mTavari mizania sazogadoebis dacva im zomebis dadgeniT, rom-

lebsac unda daemorCilos socialuri uzrunvelyofis yvela dawesebule-
ba. Seqmnilia mravali debuleba, romelmac, pirdapir Tu arapirdapir, unda
uzrunvelyos socialuri dazRvevis SeRavaTebi da socialuri daxmareba.
es debulebebi moicavs socialuri dazRvevis yvela dawesebulebas, anu kva-
zisaxelmwifo dawesebulebebs dasaqmebulTaTvis, TviTdasaqmebulTaTvis an
saxelmwifo moxeleebisTvis da aseve socialuri keTildReobis dawesebu-
lebebs.
kanonSi Camoyalibebulia Semdegi ZiriTadi zomebi:
1. socialuri dazRvevis dawesebuleba valdebulia, socialuri momsa-

xurebis mimReb pirebs miawodos rac SeiZleba amomwuravi informacia
maTi uflebebis Sesaxeb am pirebis moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi an sakuTari
iniciativiT. dazRveul pirs SeuZlia konkretuli kiTxvebis dasma dawe-
sebulebisTvis; meores mxriv, dawesebuleba valdebulia, Tavad gadadgas
nabijebi sazogadoebis informirebis mizniT. qartia socialuri uzrun-
velyofis dawesebulebas akisrebs informaciis miwodebasTan dakavSire-
biT drois garkveuli periodSi Sedegebis miRwevis pasuxismgeblobas.
2. socialuri uzrunvelyofis dawesebulebebma dazRveuli pirebis mier
maTTvis daxmarebasTan dakavSirebiT arasworad gamogzavnili gancxade-
bebi unda gadaugzavnon kompetentur organoebs da Seatyobinon ganmcxa-
deblebs Tavisi moqmedebis Sesaxeb.
3. Tu vinmes ekuTvnis daxmareba, garkveuli garemoebebisas dawesebuleba
valdebulia, uzrunvelyos es daxmareba im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu mas ar
miuRia raime gancxadeba Sesabamisi pirisgan (Tumca jerjerobiT ar ar-
sebobs raime brZanebuleba am valdebulebis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb).
4. socialuri uzrunvelyofis dawesebulebam dauyovnebliv unda gasces
pasuxi daxmarebasTan dakavSirebul nebismier gancxadebas. ganmcxade-
belma pasuxi unda miiRos maqsimum oTxi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, xolo daxma-
rebis gadaxda unda ganxorcieldes Semdeg oTx TveSi. dagvianebis SemTx-
vevaSi dawesebulebam garkveuli procenti unda gadauxados daxmarebis
mimRebs.
5. dawesebulebam dazRveuli pirisTvis gagzavnil nebismier gadawyveti-
lebas unda daurTos mimarTvis pirobebi, gadawyvetilebis safuZveli,
dakavSirebuli saqmeebi, saqmeze pasuxismgebeli pirebis CamonaTvali da
maTTan dakavSirebis gzebi.
89
6. Tu aRmoCndeba, rom gadawyvetileba arasworia, miRebuli unda iqnes axa-

li gadawyvetileba. roca gaivlis apelaciis saboloo vada, ganmcxade-
belze ar imoqmedebs raime uaryofiTi pirobebi (Tu, magaliTad, gada-
sinjuli daxmareba naklebad xelsayrelia dazRveuli pirisTvis, vidre
Tavdapirveli daxmareba). es moxdeba mxolod maSin, Tu Tavdapirveli,
ufro misaRebi gadawyvetileba, warmoadgenda TaRliTobis an tyuilis
Sedegs dazRveuli piris mxridan, maSin am ukanasknelma unda daabrunos
daxmareba, romelic mas ar ekuTvnoda, da damatebiT gadaixados pro-
centi.

http://securitesociale.fgov.be
http://securitesociale.fgov.be/lex/francais/charte/19950411.htm
Semdegi proeqtis mizania samuSao adgilebis Seqmna. igi aRwers

litvis mTavrobis mier ganxorcielebul uamrav RonisZiebas,
romlebic dainerga adgilobriv doneze umuSevrobasTan brZo-
lis mizniT. am programebs aqvs Zlieri adgilobrivi daniSnu-
leba. isini ara marto mimarTulia adgilobrivi adamianebis
saWiroebebze, aramed moiTxovs mniSvnelovan daxmarebas muni-
cipalitetebis mxridan. proeqtebi organizebulia adgilobri-
vi Sromis birJis mier. gamoyenebulia Sefasebis sakmaod mkacri
kriteriumebi. am iniciativis sxva mniSvnelovan principebs war-
moadgens novatoroba da sxva adgilebSi ganxorcielebis SesaZ-
lebloba.
dasaqmebis adgilobrivi iniciativebi

(litva)
gaacnobiera ra dasaqmebis gazrdis stimulirebis aucilebloba adgi-

lobriv doneze, 2001 wels litvis mTavrobam SemoiRo mTeli rigi iuri-
diuli stimulebisa axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis xelSewyobis mizniT.
am politikis mizania adgilobrivi TemebisTvis ekonomikaSi monawileo-
bis SesaZleblobis miniWeba da amiT maTi socialur-ekonomikuri pro-
blemebis mogvareba. kidev erTi mizania daucvel raionebze struqturu-
li cvlilebis zegavlenis Semcireba da ufro aqtiuri, sakuTar ZalebSi
darwmunebuli da Zlieri Temebis Camoyalibeba.
programa gansakuTrebul yuradRebas apyrobs marginalizebul jgufebs,

rogorebic arian umuSevrebi (gansakuTrebiT xangrZlivad umuSevrebi),
axalgazrdebi, ojaxiani qalebi da sxv., romlebic identificirebulni
arian adgilobrivi dasaqmebis ofisebis mier socialur partniorebTan
TanamSromlobis safuZvelze.
90
dasaqmebis ofisebi pasuxismgebelni arian dasaqmebis adgilobrivi iniciati-

vebis organizebaze. proeqtis ganmaxorcielebeli sabWoebi, romlebic Sedge-
ba adgilobrivi socialuri da ekonomikuri partniorebisgan da Seqmnilia
adgilobrivi dasaqmebis ofisebTan, afaseben proeqtebs Sefasebis mTeli rigi
kriteriumebis mixedviT. dasamtkiceblad proeqtma unda daakmayofilos aR-
niSnuli kriteriumebi. pirveli, adgilobrivma municipalitetma daxmareba
unda gauwios proeqts da daafinansos Senobaze, mowyobilobebze da sxva
sakiTxebze gaweuli xarjebi. meore, proeqti unda exebodes ZiriTad saWi-
roebebs adgilobrivi Sromis bazarze da Seamciros socialuri daxmarebis
mimRebTa raodenoba. garda amisa, ufro metad unda iyos SesaZlebeli sxva
TemebTan dakavSireba. da kidev, proeqtis Sedegi unda iyos dasaqmebis gazr-
dis axali SesaZleblobebi, magaliTad, axal ekonomikuri saqmianobebze da/an
socialur momsaxurebebze koncentrirebis meSveobiT.
programas mxars uWers saxelmwifo dafinanseba da naangariSevia, rom erTi

samuSao adgilis Seqmna ar unda aRematebodes ormoc minimalur Tviur xel-
fass (125 evro TveSi). garda amisa, damtkicebuli proeqtis organizatorebma
unda uzrunvelyon, sul mcire, proeqtis mTliani Rirebulebis 35%. am pro-
gramisTvis litvis mTavrobam 2001 wels saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoyo 359
420 evros ekvivalenturi Tanxa.
proeqti mimarTuli iyo aT municipalitetze, sadac yvelaze maRali iyo

umuSevroba. aqamde momzadebulia oTxmocdaeqvsi proeqti. miuxedavad amisa,
SezRuduli resursebis gamo, SeirCa da ganxorcielda mxolod Teqvsmeti
proeqti.
programis mier 2001 wlis ganmavlobaSi miRweuli warmatebis ZiriTadi Sede-

gia, rom proeqtis monawileebisa da TanamSromlebisTvis Sedgenili saswavlo
kursi da masalebi, Sefasebis, finansebis, zedamxedvelobis da angariSgebis
meTodologiis CaTvliT, gamoyenebuli iqneba axali proeqtebis SemuSave-
bis, momzadebis da msvlelobisas. garda amisa, litvis mTavroba aRiarebs
proeqtis warmatebas da 2002 wels axali proeqtebisTvis 724 638 evros ga-
moyofs.
damatebiTi informaciisTvis mimarTeT Semdeg vebgverds: http://www.ldb.lt
bolo magaliTi aseve saerTaSoriso masStabiT aris aRiarebuli.

`meore Sansis skolebi uzrunvelyofs ganaTlebis meore SesaZ-
leblobas daucveli jgufis axalgazrdebisTvis. am skolebis erT-
erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani damaxasiaTebeli niSania is, rom maT
mier SemoTavazebuli saswavlo kursi adaptirebulia adamianis sa-
WiroebebTan kulturuli safuZvlis gaTvaliswinebiT, gansakuTre-
biT, Tu axalgazrda ganekuTvneba umciresobaTa jgufs. adamianze
koncentrirebuli es midgoma Zlierdeba swavlebis sistemis gamo
yenebiT, roca saqme exeba trenings da dasaqmebas. amgvari skolebis
meore damaxasiaTebeli niSania is, rom maTSi xdeba ganaTlebisa da
treningis kombinireba samuSao gamocdilebasa da dasaqmebasTan.
91
meore Sansis skolebi (evrokavSiri da sxv.)
evrokomisiis mier 1995 wlis 29 noembers miRebuli oficialuri dokumenti

`swavleba da swavla: ganaTlebuli sazogadoebisken gaxda sawyisi werti-
li meore Sansis skolebis iniciativisTvis. eqsperimentuli skolebis daxma-
rebiT axalgazrdebs, romlebsac ara aqvT sakmarisi unari an kvalifikacia
umaRlesi ganaTlebis programebSi an Sromis bazarze monawileobisTvis da
romlebsac ukve aRar exeba savaldebulo ganaTleba, sTavazoben axal SesaZ-
leblobas ganaTlebisa da treningis gziT.
evrokavSiris 11 wevr qveyanasa da or kandidat qveyanaSi (bulgareTi da lat-

via) TiTqmis oci meore Sansis skola muSaobs. sxvadasxva qveynis amgvari
skolebi TanamSromloben erTmaneTTan (cnobilia saxeliT E2C).
meore Sansis skolebis koncefcia efuZneba TanamSromlobas skolebsa da

warmoebas Soris da es skolebi TavianT moswavleebs sTavazoben swavlisa da
praqtikuli muSaobis naerTs. sazogadoebisa da misi funqciebis Sesaxeb ga-
nuyofeli codna amgvari ganaTlebis amosavali wertilia. mizania socialu-
ri problemebisa da arasakmarisi ganaTlebis mqone axalgazrdebis daxmareba
samuSaos da Semosavlis SovnaSi individualurad morgebuli swavlisa da
praqtikis meSveobiT.
meore Sansis evropuli skolebi gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan, roca saqme exeba

swavlebis meTodebs, miRebuli moswavleebis raodenobas da asakobriv jgu-
febs. SvedeTSi meore Sansis skolebi gankuTvnilia 16-dan 20 wlamde axalgazr-
debisTvis. pirvel meore Sansis skolaSi norkopingSi (SvedeTi) amJamad cdian
muSaobis axal meTods socialuri Seusabamobis damarcxebas ganaTlebisa
da profesiuli treningis kombinirebis gziT. am mizeziT prioriteti eniWeba
fsiqo-socialuri problemebis mqone axalgazrdebs, moswavleebs imigrantTa
ojaxebidan (boSebis CaTvliT) da axalgazrdebs, romelTac uWirT swavla.
norkopingis skolam mWidro TanamSromloba daamyara adgilobriv biznesTan,

kerZod, mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebTan. im partniorebis ricxvs,
romlebmac skolas gamouyves farTi, ganekuTvneba samTavrobo saagento,
adgilobrivi skolamdeli aRzrdis dawesebuleba da mozrdilTa swavlebis
asociacia. ganaTlebis programa Sedgenilia ise, rom misi morgeba SesaZle-
beli iyos moswavleTa saWiroebebsa da survilebze. TiToeuli moswavle Re-
bulobs maswavlebels romelime Sesabamisi biznesidan da kontraqti form-
deba moswavlesa da maswavlebels Soris. aRniSnul kontraqtSi dawvrilebiT
aris gansazRvruli maTi Sesabamisi valdebulebebi.
meore Sansis skolebis proeqti Sefasebuli iqna da 2000 wlis ivlisSi miRe-
buli iqna saboloo angariSi, romlis mixedviTac Seswavlili iyo ToTxmeti
eqsperimentuli proeqti. proeqtis muSaobaSi CarTul qveynebSi, garda Sve-
deTisa, Sediodnen dania, fineTi, safrangeTi, saberZneTi, italia, portuga-
lia, espaneTi da gaerTianebuli samefo.

http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/2chance
92
5. politikis saxelmZRvanelo principebi
mniSvnelovania, Tavidanve aRiniSnos, rom socialuri uflebebis

dasamkvidreblad saWiro samuSaos udidesi nawili evropaSi ukve
mimdinareobs. marTalia, arsebobs naklovanebebi, magram prob-
lemebi bevr SemTxvevaSi gamowveulia arsebuli debulebis aras-
wori ganxorcielebiT anda uflebebis samarTlebriv formuli-
rebaSi sizustis naklebobiT. SesaZlebelia, magaliTad, rom ver
momxdariyo debulebis misadageba im cvalebad saWiroebebTan,
romlebTanac mas Sexeba aqvs, an rom is saerTod ar yofiliyo
saTanadod misadagebuli im konkretul da rTul situaciebTan,
romlebzec damokidebulia socialuri uflebebis realizacia.
amis gaTvaliswinebiT momsaxurebis momwodeblebma unda icod-
nen, rom maTi samsaxurebisa da dawesebulebebis funqcionire-
baSi SesaZlebelia problemebis arseboba da rom isini mzad unda
iyvnen saimisod, rom moxdes maTi monitoringi da maT regula
ruli debatebi da diskusiebi awarmoon momsaxurebis momxmare-
blebTan da arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan saTanado praqtikis
Sesaxeb. am konteqstSi yuradReba unda gamaxvildes, agreTve,
evropis qveynebsa da sxvadasxva regionebs Soris kargi praqtikis
Sesaxeb gamocdilebis gaziarebis SesaZleblobasa da mzadyof-
naze. garda amisa, saWiroa damkvidrdes midgoma, romelic so-
cialuri momsaxurebisa da daxmarebis momxmareblebs moqalaqee-
bad, anu uflebebis mqone adamianebad, aRiqvams.
zogadi principebis Camoyalibebis Semdeg gvinda ganvsazRvroT

konkretuli saxelmZRvanelo principebi. am TavSi mocemulia
rigi seqtorTaSorisi saxelmZRvanelo principebisa, romlebic
Camoyalibda me-3 TavSi gansazRvruli Svidi ZiriTadi problemis
safuZvelze da romlebic eyrdnoba, agreTve, xelmisawvdomobis
xelSemwyob principebsa da praqtikas, rogorc es me-4 TavSia
aRwerili. centraluri adgili ukavia samomavlo rogorc
myisieri, ise grZelvadiani - saqmianobis prioritetebs. yura-
dReba gansakuTrebiT aris gamaxvilebuli `socialur ufle-
bebTan dakavSirebuli saerToevropuli da erovnuli politikis
struqturis~ cnebaze. me-2 cxrilSi Camoyalibebulia politikis
ZiriTadi saxelmZRvanelo principebi.
93
5.1 socialuri uflebebiT sargeblobis uflebis

ganmtkiceba da am uflebebis uzrunvelyofis
gaumjobeseba
mizani: socialuri uflebebis zusti, ganmartebis SesaZleblobis
mqone da kompleqsuri sistema
5.1.1 socialuri uflebebiT sargeblobis uflebis gafarToeba da

samarTlebrivi bazis dazusteba
saWiroa farTo samarTlebrivi da politikuri bazis arsebo-

ba, romelic socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobas samarT-
lebriv safuZvels Seuqmnis da warmoSobs pirobas uflebebis
gansaxorcielebeli saTanado meqanizmebis damkvidrebisaTvis.
arsebiTi mniSvneloba samarTlebriv bazas eniWeba. arsebobs
gadaudebeli saWiroeba imisa, rom moxdes uflebebiT sargeblo-
bis uflebis dazusteba. garda imisa, rom maqsimalurad zustad
unda iyos Camoyalibebuli, uflebebi imgvarad unda ganisazRv-
ros, rom SesaZlebeli iyos maTi ganmarteba sasamarTlo da sxva
dawesebulebebSi.
am TvalsazrisiT aucilebelia, ganisazRvros da zustad Camo

yalibdes socialuri uflebebis mniSvneloba sakanonmdeblo da
politikuri bazis miznebisaTvis, aseve socialuri uflebebis
cnebisa da Sinaarsis uzrunvelyofis mizniT. es gansakuTrebiT
exeba SedarebiT axal uflebebs, rogoric aris siRaribisa da
socialuri gariyvisgan dacvisa da saTanado sacxovrebelze
uflebebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia evropis Sesworebuli
socialuri qartiis Sesabamisad 30-e da 31-e muxlebSi.
miuxedavad yovlismomcveli sakanonmdeblo bazis saWiroebisa,

unda aRmoifxvras is samarTlebrivi da sxva gansazRvrebebi
da sxvadasxva praqtika, romlebze dayrdnobiT dResdReobiT
SesaZlebelia socialuri daxmarebisa da momsaxurebis miRebi-
dan garkveuli kategoriis pirebisa da situaciebis gamoricxva.
vinaidan sakanonmdeblo debulebebi ver moicavs yvela situa-
cias, kanonmdebloba imgvarad unda iyos Camoyalibebuli, rom
SesaZlebeli iyos meti moqniloba gariyvis im gauTvaliswinebel
da ganuzraxvel situaciebTan gasamklaveblad, romlebic sa-
marTlebrivi mouqnelobisa da cvalebadi situaciebis Sedegad
warmoiSoba xolme. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, gaTvaliswinebuli
unda iqnes marge de manoeuvre sakanonmdeblo debulebebis gan-
martebisas.
94
politikis saxelmZRvanelo principebi
am TvalsazrisiT amosavali wertilia evropis socialuri qar-

tia da evropis Sesworebuli socialuri qartia. yvela wevrma
saxelmwifom, romelsac es jer ar gaukeTebia, unda moaxdinos
qartiis an Sesworebuli qartiis ratificireba da gansakuTre
buli yuradReba miaqcios siRaribisa da socialuri gariyvisgan
dacvis uflebis Sesaxeb (rac saerTaSoriso samarTlebriv in-
strumentebSi gaTvaliswinebuli am tipis erTaderTi uflebaa)
30-e muxlisa da saTanado sacxovrebelze uflebis Sesaxeb 31-e
muxlis miRebis sakiTxs.
garda amisa, evropis sabWos wevrma yvela saxelmwifom prio

ritetis saxiT unda ganixilos evropis sabWos mier socialur
sferoSi miRebuli dokumentebis romlebsac TavianTi wvlili
SeaqvT yvela an garkveuli kategoriis umweo pirTaTvis garkveu-
li socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis gaumjobesebaSi _
ratificirebis sakiTxi. am dokumentebs Soris aris migranti
mSromelebis statusis Sesaxeb evropuli konvencia (1997) da sa-
marTlebrivi instrumentebi socialuri dacvis sferoSi koor-
dinaciis Sesaxeb (kerZod, socialuri dacvis Sesaxeb evropuli
konvencia, 1972). amas garda, socialuri uflebebis xelmisawv-
domobis gaumjobesebisken mimarTuli zogadi moZraobis kon-
teqstSi prioritetis saxiT aris rekomendebuli, rom wevrma
saxelmwifoebma moaxdinon im samarTlebrivi instrumentebis
ratificireba, romlebSic dasaxulia socialuri dacvis stan-
dartebi (rogoric aris socialuri dacvis evropuli kodeqsi
da socialuri dacvis evropuli kodeqsis oqmi). wevr saxelm-
wifoebs movuwodebT, ganaxorcielon socialur uflebebTan
dakavSirebuli sxva saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi instrumen
tebi, maT Soris evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetisa da sxva
saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier miRebuli rekomendaciebi.
maT aseve unda moaxdinon ratificireba da ganaxorcielon ev-
ropis sabWos msgavsi saerTaSoriso organizaciebis rekomenda-
ciebi, romlebic exeba socialuri uflebebis sferoSi saerTa-
Soriso samarTlebriv instrumentebTan Sesabamisobas. am mizniT
rekomendebulia meqanizmi aRniSnuli samarTlebrivi instrumen-
tebis ganxorcielebis monitoringisaTvis.
garda amisa, mTavrobebma unda imuSaon imisaTvis, rom Seimu

Saon, ganamtkicon da ganaxorcielon erovnuli kanonmdeblobe-
bi socialuri dacvis sakuTari sistemebis mniSvnelovani nak-
lovanebebis aRmosafxvrelad, maT, agreTve, unda daaweson, Tu
ara aqvT dawesebuli, Semosavlisa da sacxovrebeli minimumis
sabaziso anu minimaluri zRvari. mniSvnelovania, rom es saba-
ziso zRvari Zalian dabali ar iyos.
95
cxrili 2: politikis ZiriTadi saxelmZRvanelo principebi: so-

cialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobisTvis arsebuli
barierebis aRmofxvra
tipi politikis saxelmZRvanelo principebi
uflebis detaluri uzrunvelyaviT socialuri uflebebiT sarge-

gansazRvra da samarT- blobis uflebis yovlismomcveli xasiaTi da
lebrivi da sxva saxis misi mkafiod Camoyalibeba;
debulebis adekvatu SeimuSaveT RonisZiebebis programa uflebebis
roba samarTlebrivi uzrunvelyofis gasaumjobese-
blad.
arasaTanado monito gaaumjobeseT uflebebis samarTlebrivi uz-
ringi da aRsruleba runvelyofis monitoringi;
SeamowmeT yvelanairi politika da winadade-
bebi uflebebis TvalsazrisiT;
qartia momxmareblebisaTvis;
miiReT zomebi diskriminaciis da/an gansxvave-
buli mopyrobis sawinaaRmdegod;
daaarseT socialur uflebebze dakvirvebis
erovnuli centri.
resursebi resursebis uzrunvelyofa momsaxurebis mom-

wodebelTaTvis:
gaaumjobeseT resursebis (dafinansebis, per-
sonalis, aRWurviloba-aparaturis) saTanado
da regularuli uzrunvelyofa;
minimumamde daiyvaneT administraciis doneebs
Soris resursebis uTanasworoba.
resursebis uzrunvelyofa uflebebiT mosar-

gebleTaTvis:
miawodeT adamianebs informacia da mieciT Se-
saZlebloba, moiTxovon sakuTari socialuri
uflebebi;
uzrunvelyaviT saTanado Suamavloba da dax-
mareba.
marTva da proceduru- SeamcireT danawevreba administraciis doneeb-

li sakiTxebi sa da samsaxurebs Soris;
CarTeT procesSi arasamTavrobo organizacie-
bi, momxmareblebi da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
sxva warmomadgenlebi;
SeamcireT procedurebis sirTule da xelmis-
awvdomobis problemebi.
96
informacia da komuni prioritetad daisaxeT komunikacia da infor-

kacia maciis gaziareba;
gamoiyeneT àxali~ da alternatiuli arxebi,
iseve, rogorc mobiluri samsaxurebi;
informacia miusadageT mosaxleobis sxvadasxva
seqtorebs;
regularulad SeamowmeT informaciis xarisxi
da sakomunikacio strategiis efeqtianoba.
fsiqologiuri da so- momwodeblebis mxridan:

c i a l u r - k u l t u r u l i daupirispirdiT garkveuli jgufebis stig-
dabrkolebebi matizacias da maT mimarT winaswar negatiur
ganwyobas treningis da qcevis Secvlis meSveo-
biT.
momxmareblebis anu uflebebiT mosargeblee-

bis mxridan:
gaaumjobeseT uflebebiT mosargebleTa miRe-
ba, uzrunvelyaviT maTTvis dawesebulebebi da
gaiTvaliswineT maTi situacia.
arasaTanado yuradReba umweo jgufebi:

umweo jgufebisa da re- aRWurveT mosaxleobis es seqtori resursebiT
gionebisadmi (yvelaze farTo gagebiT), raTa maT hqondeT
SesaZlebloba, moiTxovon sakuTari socia
luri uflebebi.
socialurad daucveli regionebi:

SeimuSaveT politika sagangebod socialurad
daucveli regionebisa da adgilebisaTvis.
5.1.2 Cveni mizani uflebebis saTanado uzrunvelyofa
qvemoT CamoTvlili sakiTxebis danergva unda emsaxurebodes

uflebebis saTanado uzrunvelyofis gaumjobesebas maTTvis ofi-
cialuri xasiaTis micemis xelSewyobisa da uflebebiT sargeblo-
bis SesaZleblobis dakonkretebis gziT:
yvela wevr saxelmwifoSi unda arsebobdes socialur uflebaTa

gamWvirvale sistema da misaRebi administraciuli procedure-
bi da resursebi maT gansaxorcieleblad;
yvela momsaxurebisa da daxmarebis gaweva unda moxdes saWi-

roebisa da socialuri uflebebis urTierTdamokidebulebis
aRiarebis safuZvelze da unda eswrafodes momsaxurebaTa er-
Tiani paketis miwodebas;
97
amitom movuwodebT yvela donis sajaro xelisuflebas da Sesabamis

saerTaSoriso uwyebebs, SeimuSaon da xeli Seuwyon iseTi midgome-
bis damkvidrebas, romlebic aerTianebs ganaTlebas, dasaqmebas,
jandacvas da sacxovrebliT, socialuri dacvis momsaxurebiTa da
daxmarebiT uzrunvelyofas. garda amisa, am sferoebTan dakavSi-
rebuli amocanebi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes gadawyvetilebe-
bis miRebisas iseT sakiTxebze, rogoric aris dabegvris sistema da
sakuTrebisa da miwaTsargeblobis sakiTxebi.
wevri saxelmwifoebis mTavrobebma unda miawodon informacia yvela

(saerTaSoriso, erovnuli Tu regionuli) samarTlebrivi bazis Sesa
xeb sajaro moxeleebs, romelTac akisriaT pasuxismgebloba socialur
uflebebTan dakavSirebul nebismier sferoSi, aseve samoqalaqo sa-
zogadoebis organizaciebs da mosaxleobas. es unda iyos ara marto
informacia Tavad standartebis Taobaze, aramed imis Sesaxebac, Tu
ra gziT unda iqnes es standartebi miRweuli da ganxorcielebuli
erovnul an regionul konteqstSi, aseve im rolzec, romlis Sesrule-
ba am procesSi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebs SeuZliaT.
5.2. monitoringisa da aRsrulebis gaumjobeseba
mizani: samarTlebrivi uflebebis, samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebis

ganxorcielebisa da damakmayofilebeli funqcionirebis uzrunvelyo-
fa, aseve socialuri uflebebis sxvagvari uzrunvelyofa
socialuri uflebebis uzrunvelyofis monitorings meti yuradReba

unda mieqces. axali programebis SemuSavebis (da, saWiroebis SemTxveva-
Si, Zvelebis gadakeTebis) farglebSi unda damkvidrdes monitoringis
SeTanxmebuli procedura. periodulad unda Catardes gamokiTxvebi,
raTa dadgindes, ramdenad kmayofilebi arian is pirebi, romelTac
potenciurad ekuTvniT socialuri uflebebi, da am uflebebis mim-
Rebi pirebi. am gamokiTxvebisas dawesebulebaTa personalis azric
unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli. `benCmarqingis~ (muSaobis ukeTesi gze-
bis Ziebis) procesi, gansakuTrebiT momsaxurebis amocanebis gansaz-
Rvris TvalsazrisiT, monitoringTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli.
rekomendebulia yvelanairi politikisa da winadadebebis `Semowmeba

uflebebis TvalsazrisiT~. es unda moxdes oficialuri procesis
formiT, rodesac Sefasdeba, Tu ramdenad uwyobs xels socialuri
uflebebis misawvdomobis gaumjobesebas arsebuli politika da axal
politikur kursTan dakavSirebuli yvela winadadeba. es niSnavs so-
cialuri uflebebis CarTvas yvelanair politikaSi da amis preceden-
ti genderuli sakiTxebisa da siRaribis TvalsazrisiT `Semowmebaa~.
uflebaTa Semowmebisas gamosayenebel kriteriumebs Soris aris me-3
98
TavSi miTiTebuli yvela dabrkolebisa da barieris aRmofxvra da

Tanabari misawvdomoba (farTo gagebiT).
uflebaTa aRsrulebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT unda arsebobdes

apelaciis an kompensaciis miRebis adekvaturi da gamWvirvale siste-
mebi uflebebze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevebSi. es unda exebodes ara mar-
to socialuri uzrunvelyofisa da socialuri daxmarebis Tanxebs,
romlebTan dakavSirebiTac evropis socialuri qartiis safuZvelze
farTo precedentuli samarTali arsebobs, aramed jandacvas, sac
xovrebliT uzrunvelyofas, Sromis bazris aqtiuri programebis,
treningisa da mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi swavlis misawvdomobas.
apelaciis aRniSnuli sistemebis farglebSi ufasod an advilad xel
misawvdomi Tanxis meSveobiT SesaZlebeli unda iyos drois gonivrul
monakveTSi damakmayofilebeli kompensaciis miReba.
gamWvirvalobisa da sajaroobis gasafarToeblad ganxiluli

unda iqnes momxmarebelTaTvis qartiis Seqmnis sakiTxi. qartiaSi
garkveviT Camoyalibdeba is standartebi, romelTa miRwevasac
lamoben saxelmwifo socialuri samsaxurebi daxmarebis an momsa
xurebis Taobaze ganacxadebis SemTxvevaSi. aRniSnul standartebs
Soris unda iyos standartebi, romlebic exeba Tavazian mopyrobas,
dros daxmarebis an momsaxurebis Taobaze ganacxadis dasamuSave-
blad da gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, saCivrebis wardgenis gzebs
da im arxebs, romelTa meSveobiT momxmareblebs SeeZlebaT gaum-
jobesebis Taobaze winadadebebis Setana.
miRebuli unda iqnes aseve zomebi diskriminaciisa da sxvadasxvag-

vari mopyrobis Tavidan asacileblad da maTTan dasapirispireblad.
misawvdomobis gaTanabrebam SeiZleba saWiro gaxados pozitiuri
diskriminacia, magaliTad, konkretuli jgufebisadmi mimarTuli
RonisZiebebis formiT. garda amisa, saWiroa momsaxurebis momwode-
belTa mxridan diskriminaciuli damokidebulebisa da praqtikis
aRmofxvra (Tu aseTi damokidebuleba da praqtika arsebobs).
arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, rom uflebebis ganxorcielebis

monitoringi organizebuli iyos standartizebuli oficialuri
meqanizmis meSveobiT, kerZod erovnul doneze. am mxriv rekomen-
debulia wevr saxelmwifoebSi socialur uflebebze dakvirvebis
erovnuli centrebis Seqmna. amgvari dakvirvebis centrebis mizani
unda iyos (a) wevr saxelmwifoSi socialuri uflebebis mxriv ar-
sebuli realuri mdgomareobis monitoringi; (b) momzadeba infor-
maciis standartuli paketisa, romlis gamoyenebas SeZleben so-
cialuri uflebebis evropuli komiteti, socialuri integraciis
evropuli komiteti da sxva uwyebebi maT muSaobaSi da evropis mas-
Stabis kvlevasa da monitoringSi.
99
magram mxolod TavisTavad amgvari dakvirvebis centri ar iqneba sak-

marisi. jansaRi da usafrTxo samuSao garemos SeqmnaSi, minimaluri da
Tanaswori saxelfaso pirobebis uzrunvelyofaSi, bavSvebis, unarSez-
Ruduli adamianebisa da gonebrivi problemebis mqone adamianebis sa-
Tanado dacvasa da saTanado sacxovrebliT uzrunvelyofaSi veraferi
Secvlis aRmasrulebel uwyebebs, rogoric aris maRali profesiuli
xarisxis Sromisa da socialuri samsaxurebis inspeqtoratebi. mom-
saxurebis standartebis regulireba da angariSvaldebuleba maRali
xarisxis stabiluri samsaxurebisTvisac mniSvnelovania.
yvela zemosxenebuli zoma xels Seuwyobs, agreTve, kargi praqti-

kis gadaRebas.
5.3. socialuri uflebebis resursebis gazrda
mizani: sakmarisi moculobis resursebisa da SesaZleblobebis uz-

runvelyofa mimwodeblebisa da momxmareblebis mxridan
wevrma saxelmwifoebma unda miiRon zomebi, raTa gadalaxon

resursebis ukmarisobiT warmoqmnili winaRobebi rogorc momsa
xurebis mimwodeblis, aseve maTi mxridan, vinc eZiebs socialuri
uflebebis miRebas da sivrces am uflebebis gamoyenebisaTvis.
5.3.1. resursebis mimwodeblebi
mas mere, rac cnobad miiReben im garemoebas, rom zogierT qveya-

naSi resursebis moculoba mkacrad SezRudulia, wevrma saxelm-
wifoebma unda uzrunvelyon sakmarisi resursebis arseboba, raTa
misawvdomi gaxadon socialuri uflebebiT Sesaferisi da samar-
Tliani sargeblobis SesaZlebloba yvelasTvis da gansakuTrebiT
maTTvis, vinc amas yvelaze metad saWiroebs. es resursebi unda
moicavdes dafinansebas, kadrebiT uzrunvelyofas, samuSao pi-
robebsa da mowyobilobebs. sakmarisi resursebis Seqmna socialuri
uflebebis uzrunvelsayofad yovelTvis rodi gulisxmobs xar-
jebis zrdas. saxelmwifo, regionuli da adgilobrivi sabiujeto
marTvis organoebi unda ecadon, miaRwion uwyvetobas resursebiT
momaragebis saqmeSi; aseve _ uzrunvelyon saTanado dafinanseba
socialuri daxmarebis fondebis Sesavsebad, mosaxleobis dasaqme-
bis samsaxurisa da janmrTelobis, ganaTlebis, binaTmSeneblobisa
da treningis xelSemwyobi samsaxurebisaTvis. kargi mmarTveloba
mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli resursebiT uwyvet momaragebasTan.
samTavrobo organoebma saxelmwifo, regionul da adgilobriv do-

neebze partniorobaSi unda imuSaon imis misaRwevad, rom minimumamde
100
daiyvanon disbalansi dafinansebaSi sxvadasxva doneebsa da samsaxurebs

Soris, raTa SeZlebisdagvarad uzrunvelyon samarTliani ganawileba
regionebs Soris da agreTve is, rom SesaZlo gansxvavebebi regionebs
Soris asaxavdes realuri saWiroebis cvalebadobas. saxelmwifos mTav-
robebma unda uzrunvelyon resursebis gazrda ufro dabali safexure-
bisaTvis avtonomiurobis xarisxze moqmedebiT sazogadoebrivi momsa
xurebiT momaragebis gziT. es arsebiTia, raTa gamoexmauro daucveli
jgufebis gansakuTrebul saWiroebas adgilobriv doneze. isini aseve
unda eswrafodnen dafinansebis uwyvetobis uzrunvelyofas da dafin-
ansebis vadebis gadadebis minimumamde dayvanas. garda imisa, rom zemoT
CamoTvlili principebi mniSvnelovania zogadi TvalsazrisiT, isini
sasicocxlo mniSvnelobas iZenen iseTi arsebiTi sazogadoebrivi sam-
saxurebisaTvis, rogoricaa janmrTelobis dacva, binaTmSenebloba da
mimdinare profesiuli mzadeba da gadamzadeba.
resursebis mimarTvis araadekvaturoba ar warmoadgens mxolod

Sesatyvisi dafinansebisa da kargi da gamWvirvale sabiujeto mene-
jmentis sakiTxis nawils, rac TavisTavad sasicocxlo mniSvnelo-
bisaa. es sakiTxi aseve moiTxovs yuradRebis miqcevas inteleq-
tualuri da saganmanaTleblo resursebisa da potencialisadmi,
magaliTad, imis mimarT, rom uzrunvelyofili iqnes kompetenturi
da unariani profesiuli kadrebis ayvana da maTi Sesabamisi gawvrT-
na. es ki aucilebelia, raTa maT SeZlon warmatebiT gaumklavdnen
maT winaSe muSaobis procesSi wamoWril amocanebs. momxmareblis
codna da gamocdileba SeiZleba aseve CaiTvalos resursad momsa
xurebis mimwodeblebisaTvis.
5.3.2 maZiebelTa aRWurva uflebamosilebiTa da resursebiT
uflebebis codna aucilebeli winapirobaa am uflebebze moTxovnis

wamosayeneblad. es imas niSnavs, rom adamianebma unda miiRon sruli
informacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu risi miRebis ufleba aqvT da ra gziT
da saSualebiT SeuZliaT TavisTvis misawvdomi gaxadon am uflebis
ganxorcieleba. am TvalsazrisiT pasuxismgebloba ekisrebaT Tana-
mdebobis pirebs. Sesabamisad, maT unda ikisron sruli informaci-
is miwodeba im momsaxurebis Sesaxeb, romlis miwodebasac ewevian
rogorc maTi sakuTari organizaciebi, aseve sxva mniSvnelovani
mimwodeblebi. Tumca informacia mxolod erTi resursTagania. imi-
saTvis, rom sakuTari uflebebis ganxorcieleba moiTxovon, adami-
anebisTvis xelmisawvdomi unda gaxdes Sesabamisi momsaxurebisa da
pirobebis erToblioba. magaliTad, isini, vinc grZelvadian samuSao
adgils eZeben, aRWurvili unda iqnan sruli uflebiT saimisod,
rom es Zebna warmarTon maRalkvalificiuri Sesabamisi samsaxurebis
xelSewyobiT, rac gamoixateba samuSos moTxovnis kompetenturi
formis SedgenaSi da am Ziebis unarian warmarTvaSi. amisaTvis maT-
101
Tvis xelmisawvdomi unda gaxdes iseTi momsaxureba, rogoric aris

saganmanaTleblo da treningis samsaxurebi, romlebic gauweven
daxmarebas im unarebis SeZenaSi, adgilobriv/regionul SromiT ba-
zars rom Seesatyvisebodes. amasTan dakavSirebiT gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba muSaobis uflebis Sesaxeb evropis socialuri
qartiis pirvel muxls (da gansakuTrebiT pirveli muxlis me-3
punqts, romelic iTvaliswinebs yvela mSromelisTvis Tavisufa-
li damqiravebeli organizaciis samsaxuriT sargeblobis uflebis
damkvidrebas); aseve me-9 da me-10 muxlebic profesiuli marTvisa
da profesiuli treningis Sesaxeb savsebiT Sesatyvisi da marTebu-
lia. maZiebelTa uflebamosilebiT aRWurvis analogiuri moTxovna
arsebobs socialuri uflebebis sxva sferoebSic.
imisaTvis, rom sazogadoebrivi sikeTe ufro advilad xelmisawv-

domi gaxadon, samTavrobo organoebma unda uzrunvelyon xelSew-
yoba maTTvis, vinc saWiroebs daxmarebas proceduris warmarT-
vaSi, anketebis SevsebaSi, aseve axsna-ganmartebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu
ra gziT SeuZliaT moiTxovon TavianTi uflebebis ganxorcieleba.
xSir SemTxvevaSi es gamoiwvevs arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da
sxva damxmare momsaxurebis mimwodebelTa resursebiT momarage-
bis aucileblobas, raTa maT SeZlon uSualo daxmareba aRmou-
Cinon imaT, vinc eZiebs Tavisi socialuri uflebis realizacias.
sagangebo yuradReba unda mieqces imas, rom fizikur Tu fsiqi-
kur mizezTa gamo Sromis unars moklebul adamianebsac SeeZloT
TavianTi gansakuTrebuli socialuri uflebebis moTxovna. zogad
principad unda gamoiyos is debuleba, rom adamianebs ar unda
SeeqmnaT barierebi TavianTi socialuri uflebebis realizaciis
gzaze imis gamo, rom isini moklebulni arian ama Tu im saSualebas,
ar aqvT saWiro unari an eWvi eparebaT TavianT kompetenturobaSi
(rac TavisTavad am uflebebis ganuxorcieleblobis Sedegia).
5.4. menejmentisa da procedurebis Secvla da

gaumjobeseba
mizani: xelmisawvdomobis mniSvnelovani amaRleba menejmentisa da

procedurebis gaZRolis gaumjobesebis gziT.
5.4.1 fragmentaciis Semcireba
am TvalsazrisiT miznad unda iqnes dasaxuli mravalmxrivi, qmedi

Ti da kvalificiuri samsaxurebis ganviTareba, rac SesaZlebels
gaxdis resursebis yvelaze srulad gamoyenebas da momxmareblisT-
vis saukeTeso da yvelaze ufro Sesaferisi momsaxurebis gawevas.
fragmentaciis Tavidan asarideblad:
102
unda moxdes pasuxismgeblobis TvalnaTeli ganawileba samTavro-

bo organoebisa da samsaxurebis sxvadasxva doneebs Soris. amis
Sesaxeb molaparakeba unda Sedges yvela dainteresebul orga-
nosa Tu samsaxurTan;
sxvadasxva organoebma da samsaxurebma mWidrod unda iTanamS-

romlon erTmaneTTan uflebamisili piris moTxovnis ganxilvis
procesSi da amasTan erTad pativi scen pirovnuli monacemebis
dacvis dadgenil wess;
yovelmxrivi xelSewyoba unda gaewios momsaxurebis erTiani pa-

ketis damkvidrebas. am mizniT aRiarebuli unda iqnes momsaxure-
bis bazisa da gasaRebis gzebis potenciali am samsaxurebisTvis.
es scildeba egreT wodebul `supermarketis princips: yvela-
feri erT maRaziaSi~ im Tvalsazrisis aRiarebiT, rom pirovne-
bis moTxovnas kompleqsuri gamoxmaureba esaWiroeba; magram es
sruliadac ar niSnavs, rom mas aucileblad mxolod erTi tipis
momsaxureba unda SesTavazon.
5.4.2. procesSi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis, momxmareblebisa

da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis sxva subieqtebis Cabma
aRiarebuli unda iqnes arasamTavrobo organizaciebis, sazogadoe-

brivi partniorebis, momxmareblebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
sxva subieqtebis roli da mxardaWera unda aRmoeCinos maT imgvar
moqmedebas, romelic mimarTuli iqneba im miznis misaRwevad, rom
socialuri uflebebi xelmisawvdomi gaxdes. amisaTvis:
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis arseboba kanonis doneze unda

iqnes aRiarebuli. maTi iuridiuli da fiskaluri statusi cxa-
dad unda aisaxebodes kanonSi, agreTve isic, Tu mizanSewonilia
maTi gaTavisufleba fiskaluri/sabaJo valdebulebebisagan (sa-
qvelmoqmedo an àrakomerciuli~ statusis gamo);
arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da sxva moqmedi mxareebis saqmi-

anoba waxalisebuli da stimulirebuli unda iqnes, gansakuTre-
biT treningisa da SesaZleblobaTa zrdis meSveobiT;
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis monawileoba socialuri momsa-

xurebis miwodebaSi mTavrobasTan ormxrivi SeTanxmebiT unda
moxdes da arasamTavrobo organizaciebs ar unda daekisros
pasuxismgebloba naklovani socialuri momsaxurebis gamo
samTavrobo organizaciebis mxridan nebismier: saxelmwifo, re-
gionul Tu adgilobriv doneze;
103
adamianebis socialuri uflebebis uzrunvelyofisken mimarTu-

li politikis gansazRvrisas gaTvaliswinebuli da gamoyenebuli
unda iqnes arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da sxva subieqtebis
gamocdileba da garkveuloba samoqalaqo sazogadoebis pro-
blematikaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki maTi `gangaSis signalis~ funqcia
da is, rom isini kargad icnoben socialuri daucvelobisa da
sxva problemur situaciebSi moxvedril adamianebs;
xelSewyoba unda gaewios partniorul TanamSromlobas, erTi

mxriv, socialuri momsaxurebisa da socialuri daxmarebis mim-
wodebel organoebs da, meore mxriv, arasamTavrobo organiza-
ciebsa da sxva subieqtebs Soris, da am gziT unda iqnes waxalise-
buli socialuri uzrunvelyofis yvela sferosa da moxaliseTa
seqtoris urTierTqmedeba partniorobis CarCoebSi;
socialuri dialogis procesSi aRiarebuli unda iqnes damqira-

veblisa da daqiravebuli organizaciebis potenciuri wvlili
saxelmwifo, regionul Tu adgilobriv doneebze dasaqmebisa da
samuSao gamocdilebis gaumjobesebis, profesiuli treningis
gamarTvis saqmeSi;
aRiarebuli unda iqnes uflebaTa mflobelebis wvlilic, iseve,

rogorc unda moxdes maTi codnisa da gamocdilebis gamoyeneba.
amgvari RonisZiebebisa da strategiebis grZelvadiani warmateba

damokidebulia ara marto arasamTavrobo organizaciebis muSaoba-
ze, aramed Tavad mosaxleobis am daucveli jgufebis CarTulobasa
da monawileobaze. am kategoriis adamianebsa da socialuri momsa
xurebisa da daxmarebis yvela momxmarebels unda Seeqmnas pirobe-
bi imis gasaadvileblad, rom avtonomiurad da rac SeiZleba meti
xarisxiT iqnan CarTulni gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi. es
debuleba unda gavrceldes ara marto adamianebis individualuri
pirobebis gasaumjobeseblad mimarTul qmedebebze, aramed zegav-
lena unda moaxdinos socialuri momsaxurebis modelzec, aseve
uwyvet swavla-ganaTlebaze, treningsa da sxva damxmare zomebze,
romlebic uCveneben adamianebs gzas, Tu rogor daaRwion Tavi
gariyulobasa da siRatakes da Seuqmnian karg samuSao pirobebs.
5.4.3. xelmisawvdomobasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebisa da pro-

blemebis Semcireba
uflebebis kanoniT gamyarebasTan erTad unda damkvidrdes Sesabam-

isi meqanizmebi, raTa moxdes am umniSvnelovanesi uflebebis cxov
rebaSi gatareba. am TvalsazrisiT unda gamoiyos ori monaTesave
mizani: socialuri uflebebis cxovrebaSi gatarebis gaadvileba,
104
sazogadoebrivi organizaciebisa da socialuri samsaxurebisTvis

ki uflebamosili pirebis sasargeblod moqmedeba da momxmarebel-
Ta monawileobis waxaliseba. am miznebis misaRwevad:
ganacxadis anketebi da moTxovnis procedurebi unda gamartiv-

des, pretendentebisTvis mosaxerxebeli da advilad Sesavsebi
unda iyos da martivi, gasagebi eniT iyos dawerili;
sajaro marTvis organoebma unda izrunon imaze, rom xelmisawv-

domi gaxadon sruli informacia maTi sakuTari samsaxurebis
Sesaxeb. maTve unda ikisron imis uzrunvelyofa, rom pretenden-
tebma an potenciurma pretendentebma iqonion informacia sxva
mniSvnelovani samsaxurebis Sesaxebac;
sazogadoebrivi organoebis sakonsultacio funqcia waxalise-

buli unda iqnes, gansakuTrebiT im mizniT, rom moxdes moT-
xovnebis Sevseba da damuSaveba, Tu saWiro iqneba, proaqtiuli
da mxardamWeri zomebis gatarebiT (ufaso satelefono zare-
bis samsaxurebi, `Ria karis~ centrebi, moZravi samsaxurebi da
sxva);
nebismieri uari momsaxurebis gawevisa Tu daxmarebis gacemaze

argumentirebuli unda iyos werilobiTi dokumentis meSveobiT.
dasabuTeba unda iyos pirdapiri da gasagebi. nebismieri aseTi
uari unda miuTiTebdes apelaciis wyaroze;
unda arsebobdes zepiri axsna-ganmartebis miRebis SesaZleblo-

bac;
socialuri momsaxurebis zemoT CamoTvlili yvela punqti unda

iyos xelmisawvdomi da mosaxerxebeli yvela momxmareblisaTvis
(magaliTad, moxucebulebisTvis, unarSezRuduli adamianebisT-
vis, mcirewlovani bavSvebis mSoblebisTvis da Tavad am bavSve-
bisTvis);
unda dawesdes specialuri miRebis saaTebi, raTa moxdes uf-

lebamosil pirebze zrunvis pasuxismgeblobisa da sxvadasxvag-
vari saxis saWiroebaTa saTvalavSi miReba;
SemoRebuli unda iqnes `moZravi samsaxurebi~, romlebic xel-

misawvdomi gaxdeba yvela potenciuri momxmareblisTvis da amo-
qmeddeba maSinve, rogorc ki amis saWiroeba gaCndeba;
sainformacio teqnologiebi (interneti da mobiluri telefoni)

aseve xelmisawvdomi unda gaxdes da gamoyenebuli iqnes socialu-
105
ri momsaxurebisa da daxmarebis miRebis procesis gasaioleblad,

gansakuTrebiT im pirTaTvis, romlebic Znelad misadgom adgi-
lebSi (geografiulad moSorebul raionebSi, qalaqisgan dacile-
bul soflebSi) cxovroben da am gziT moxdes maTTvis im drois
Semcireba, rac moTxovnaTa ganxilvas sWirdeba.
5.5. informaciis miwodebisa da komunikaciis

gaumjobeseba
mizani: informaciis dinebis, moxmarebisa da gacvlis maqsimalizacia
komunikacia da informaciis gacvla prioritetuli unda gaxdes.

saWiroa mravalganzomilebiani sakomunikacio strategiis Se-
muSaveba, romlis TiToeuli elementi aRWurvili iqneba bazisurad
miCneuli informaciiT imis Sesaxeb, rom informaciis gavrceleba
arsebiTi mniSvnelobisaa sajaro momsaxurebis paketis SemuSavebisa
da efeqtiani realizaciisTvis. am miznebis misaRwevad:
informaciis gavrceleba mimarTuli unda iyos yvela uflebamo-

sili pirisaken. am procesSi gamoyenebuli unda iqnes rac SeiZ-
leba meti sainformacio arxi (magaliTad, mTel mosaxleobas
unda daegzavnos broSurebi; moxmobili unda iqnes televizia,
radio da sxva sareklamo saSualebani, aseve gamoyofili iqnes
ufaso satelefono nomrebi, dawesdes `Ria karis~ dReebi, amoq-
meddes interneti, broSurebis darigeba specialur sazogadoe-
briv adgilebSi da sxv.);
xelmisawvdomi unda gaxdes mobiluri sainformacio centrebi;
sasurvelia, ramdenadac SesaZlebelia, informacia arsebobdes

erovnul umciresobaTa da axalmosaxle eTnikur jgufTa eneb-
zec;
informacia unda moergos unarSezRudul jgufTa saWiroebebs

(gansakuTrebiT im adamianebis moTxovnilebebs, visac moZraobi-
sa da SegrZnebebis unari aqvT daqveiTebuli);
rodesac informacia gavrceldeba broSurebis (literaturis)

saxiT, is Camoyalibebuli unda iqnes naTeli, pirdapiri, gasage-
bi da zusti eniT;
mTeli informacia regularulad unda ganaxldes;
garkveuli informacia aseve gamiznuli unda iyos imaTTvis,
106
vinc potenciur momxmarebelTan erTad an masTan mWidro mezo-

blobaSi cxovrobs.
uflebamosili pirebi gaTviTcnobierebulni unda iyvnen imis Sesa

xeb, rom arseboben socialuri dacvis organoebi, dasaqmebis da sxva
samsaxurebi, romlebic Sesabamisi funqciebis matareblebi arian, da
amgvari informacis miwodeba unda moxdes, Tuki saWiroeba moitans,
momsaxurebis, daxmarebisa da sxva sikeTeTa Sesaxeb sainformacio
platformebisa da wyaroebis wardginebiT, rac, Tavis mxriv, miz-
nad isaxavs socialuri momsaxurebis, daxmarebisa da am sikeTeTa
kompleqsis xelmisawvdomad qcevis gaadvilebas. am informaciis mi-
wodeba SeiZleba, aseve, iseTi RonisZiebebis warmarTviT, rogoric
aris saagitacio furclebis kampania, reklamis ganTavseba mediaSi
da sxva. am kuTxiT xazi unda gaesvas gansakuTrebiT im informaciis
rolsa da mniSvnelobas, romelic damoukideblad iqna warmoebuli
da gavrcelebuli.
amasTan erTad, samTavrobo organoebma mudmivad unda izrunon im-

aze, rom gavrcelebuli informacia iyos xarisxiani, xolo sain-
formacio strategia _ Sedegiani:
periodulad unda moewyos gamokiTxvebi samTavrobo doneeb-

ze imis gamosarkvevad, Tu rogoria informaciis gavrcelebis
xarisxi;
unda ganxorcieldes kontroli, raTa dadgindes, potenciurma

mosargebleebma moaxerxes Tu ara daxmarebis miReba; magaliTad,
amis gakeTeba SesaZlebelia sabiujeto prognozisa da realuri
gadaxdebis moculobis SedarebiT;
specialuri daxmarebis programa miznad unda isaxavdes im iden-

tificirebul pirTa Tu jgufTa mxardaWeras, romlebic sru-
lad ver axerxeben TavianTi uflebebis dacvas.
sakomunikacio funqcia ar unda Semoifarglebodes mxolod da

mxolod informaciis gavrcelebiT. informaciis gacvlis idea _
romlis mixedviTac komunikacia ormxrivi mimarTulebis procesad
aris miCneuli _ swored am TvalsazrisiT iZens Tavis mniSvnelobas.
komunikacia Tavis TavSi asve unda moicavdes informaciis mopo
vebasa da Sefasebas. aqedan gamomdinare, samTavrobo organoebma
unda uzrunvelyon mniSvnelovani statistikuri, standartizebu-
li informaciis regularuli Segroveba da gamoqveyneba, rogorc
saxelmwifo, ise regionul da adgilobriv doneebze.
107
5.6. fsiqologiuri da socialur-kulturuli

dabrkolebebis gadalaxva
mizani: fsiqologiuri da socialur-kulturuli dabrkolebebis
daZleva rogorc momsaxurebis mimwodeblis, ise momxmareblis mxridan.
socialuri uflebebisTvis mniSvnelovani yvela saxis momsaxurebisa

da daxmarebis funqcionireba SeTanxmebuli unda iyos uflebamosil
pirTa saWiroebasTan, raTa am pirebs mxardaWera da stimulireba
gaewioT moqmedebis dasawyebad, amave dros, imis gasaazreblad, rom
fsiqologiurma sirTuleebma SeiZleba Seamciros adamianTa unari
TavianTi socialuri uflebebis gacnobierebisa. es gansakuTrebiT
iTqmis daucveli da unarSezRuduli kategoriis adamianebis Sesa
xeb. aqedan gamomdinare:
momsaxurebis mimwodeblebs unda CautardeT treningi adamia

nebTan urTierTobaSi, raTa maT gaaumjobeson uflebebis mflo-
belTa moTxovnebze reagirebis xarisxi;
sagangebo mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, Tu rogori miReba daxvdebaT

gansakuTrebiT daucvel pirebs, gansakuTrebiT pirveli vizitis
dros, vinaidan maTi STabeWdileba am organizaciis Sesaxeb, da
aseve ndobis xarisxi metwilad swored pirveli vizitis dros
yalibdeba. am mizezis gamo ofisebisa da maTi aRWurvilobis
dizaini unda iyos sasiamovno da mimzidveli; zustad unda iyos
miniSnebuli miRebis punqtebi; unda daidgas skamebi momlodine-
TaTvis da unda iyos daculi usafrTxoebis normebi. amisTvis
unda moewyos barierebi xalxsa da momsaxurebis mimwodebeli
organizaciis TanamSromlebs Soris. aseve prioritetuli mniSv-
neloba unda mieniWos interviuebis dros konfidencialurobis
uzrunvelyofas. personals unda Cautardes treningi saWiro
profesiuli da komunikaciuri unarebis gamosamuSaveblad da
unda mieces yovelmxrivi codna maTi sakuTari dawesebulebebis
gareT arsebuli momsaxurebebisa da daxmarebebis Sesaxeb.
aseve yuradsaRebia kulturasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebic. so-

cialur-kulturuli dabrkolebebis dasaZlevad momsaxurebis
mimwodebeli miznad unda isaxavdes kulturaTa mravalferovne-
bis mimarT aRqmis gamomuSavebas. Seswavlili unda iyos arsebuli
viTareba, raTa gamoiricxos yovelgvari mikerZoeba mosaxleobis
garkveuli jgufebis mimarT. amas garda,
sazogadoebasTan momuSave kadrebis treningi unda mimdinareob-

des im kuTxiT, rom moxdes diskriminaciis gamoricxva da uaryo-
fiTi stereotipebis daZleva. im kadrebs, romelTac adamianTa
108
jgufebTan uwevT muSaoba, unda miewodoT informacia da, Tu

saWiroeba moitans, CautardeT treningi, raTa maT gamoimuSaon
daucvel adamianTa problemebis yovelmxrivi gageba da gulisx-
mieri damokidebuleba maTi saWiroebebisa da moTxovnilebebis
mimarT. kadrebi aseve momzadebuli unda iqnen axalmosaxleTa
da umciresobaTa kulturuli specifikis gacnobierebis kuTxi-
Tac, gansakuTrebiT im sakiTxebSi, romlebic religiur normeb-
sa da kulturul gansxvavebebs exeba;
dasaqmebis, janmrTelobis dacvis, ganaTlebis, sacxovrebliT

uzrunvelyofisa da socialuri dacvis samsaxurebma da da-
wesebulebebma unda miizidon saTanamSromlod Tarjimnebi da
Suamavlebi da, Sesabamisad, qveynis erovnul umciresobaTa war-
momadgeneli adamianebi an axalmosaxleTa mSobliuri qveynis
mkvidr erovnebaTa warmomadgenlebi _ visTan kontaqtSic isini
imyofebian _ im mizniT, rom daexmaron zemoxsenebuli katego-
riis adamianebs maTi uflebebis realizaciaSi.
5.7. daucveli jgufebisa da regionebisadmi sagangebo

mizanmimarTuleba
mizani: daucvelobis, rogorc socialur uflebaTa miRebis proce-

sis xelisSemSleli dabrkolebis, aRmofxvra
5.7.1 socialurad daucveli jgufebi
saxelmwifoebs, romelTac jer ar daumkvidrebiaT yovlismomcveli

sakanonmdeblo baza da politikuri strategia yvela moqalaqisaTvis
socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad, movu-
wodebT, ganaxorcielon es. am saxis reagireba gansakuTrebiT waadge-
baT uqoneli kategoriis adamianebs. amisda miuxedavad, socialuri
integraciisTvis xelSemwyobi pirobebis Seqmna im pirTaTvis, romel-
nic marginalur garemoSi an mZime pirobebSi cxovroben, aseve specia
luri zrunvis sagani unda gaxdes. Yyvela samsaxuri unda ganviTardes,
rogorc nawili zogadi da yovlismomcveli strategiisa, romelic
miznad isaxavs daucveli adamianebisaTvis sabaziso uflebebis uzrun
velyofas, iseTebisas, rogoric aris janmrTelobisa da socialuri
uflebebis dacva; ganaTlebisa da profesiuli daostatebisaTvis pi-
robebis Seqmna, treningi; Sesaferisi samuSao adgilebiTa da sacxov
rebliT dakmayofileba da sxva. amgvari strategia yovelmxriv gaaz-
rebul saboloo mizans unda isaxavdes da gulisxmobdes garkveul
standartebsa da procedurebs mosaxleobis am jgufebisaTvis socia
luri uflebebis dacvisa da ganviTarebis monitoringis sawarmoeblad.
daucveli adamianebis xelSewyobisTvis gankuTvnili amgvari samoqmedo
109
strategiebisa da struqturebis ganviTareba gansakuTrebiT exmianeba

evropis Sesworebuli socialuri qartiis 30-e muxls siRatakisa da
socialuri gariyulobisgan adamianis dacvis Sesaxeb.
uflebebis realizacia winaswar gulisxmobs garkveul resursebsa

da SesaZleblobebs individuumis mxridan da imas, rom arsebobs
garkveuli pirobebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia miwodebasTan. ar
unda moxdes ise, rom adamianebma ver SeZlon TavianTi uflebe-
bis moTxovna resursebisa da SesaZleblobebis ukmarisobis gamo
an im mizeziT, rom saTanadod ar aris uzrunvelyofili Sesafe
risi pirobebi am moTxovnebis wamosayeneblad. am TvalsazrisiT
uflebamosilebiT aRWurva garkveul rols TamaSobs da erTgvar
garantad gvevlineba uflebebis praqtikaSi gasatareblad. am dros
moqmedebs rogorc materialuri, ise aramaterialuri resursebi.
yvelaze arsebiTTa Soris ki unda dasaxeldes Semdegi:
sakuTari uflebebis codna da neba am kanonieri uflebisunaria-

nobis cxovrebaSi gatarebisa;
uflebaTa moTxovnis Taobaze gancxadebis Sedgenis SesaZlebloba;
rodesac moTxovna praqtikaSi xorcieldeba, uflebamosilebisa da

mxardaWeris realizeba programebisa da RonisZiebebis meSveobiT xde-
ba, rac, Tavis mxriv, iwvevs adamianTa gaaqtiurebas rogorc individu-
alur, ise jgufur doneze. am mxriv arsebiTi mniSvnelobis matare-
belia grZelvadiani perspeqtivebis, iseve, rogorc ganviTarebisa da
cvlilebebisken mimavali gzebis dasaxva (calkeuli adamianebisaTvis,
jgufebisa da mTeli regionebisaTvis). imis magivrad, rom adamianebi
da adgilebi davinaxoT in situ an status quo mdgomareobaSi, maTi danaxva
gvmarTebs dinamikaSi; anu unda davinaxoT, Tu risi miRweva SeuZliaT
da ras unda dauWiron mxari, raTa Secvalon sakuTari cxovreba an
situacia sazogadoebaSi. amgvari Zalisxmevis maqsimaluri efeqtiano-
bis misaRwevad socialur uflebebTan dakavSirebuli samsaxurebis
organizeba unda moxdes adgilobriv doneze, ramdenadac es SesaZle-
belia. es xels Seuwyobs:
qmediTsa da kompleqsur moqmedebas farTo geografiul are-

alSi (mobiluri telefonebis gamoyenebiT moSorebul terito-
riebze dafarvis gasaumjobeseblad);
sajaroobas adgilobriv doneze da adgilobrivi momsaxurebis

momxmarebelTa cnobierebaSi mesakuTris grZnobis gaRviZebas;
adgilobriv doneze gadawyvetilebebis miRebis maqsimalur sti-

mulirebas im sakiTxebSi, rac Seexeba momsaxurebis miwodebasa
110
da am momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomad qcevas, magram, amave dros,

im saerTaSoriso, evropuli Tu erovnuli standartebis dac-
viT, romlebic naTlad gansazRvravs, rom sikeTeTa miRebis wesi
unda gamoricxavdes yovelgvar diskriminacias.
gansakuTrebuli aqcenti unda gakeTdes kontaqtebis gafarToebi-

sken mimarTul samoqmedo programebze adamianebisTvis, maT sacxov
rebel adgilebsa da uaxloes garemoSi.
5.7.2. daucveli regionebi _ teritoriuli aspeqti
moqmedebis strategia, romelic daucvel adamianebzea orientire-

buli, unda ganisazRvrebodes maT mier, vinc jerovan yuradRebas
uTmobs sakiTxis teritoriul Tu regionul aspeqtebs. xelmisawv-
domoba garantirebuli unda iyos arsebiTad yvelgan; sacxovrebeli
adgili Tu teritoriuli mdebareoba, rogorc aseTi, ar unda iqces
damabrkolebel garemoebad socialuri uflebebis miRebis gzaze.
mizani, amdenad, unda gaxdes teritoriebs Soris disbalansis war-
moqmnis Tavidan acileba da imaze zrunva, rom gansakuTrebulad
uqonel regionebs adekvaturi da Tanaswori momsaxureba gaewioT. am
TvalsazrisiT adgilobriv doneze gamoCenil iniciativas gamorCeu-
lad mniSvnelovani rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia. dangreuli Tu gaRa-
takebuli dasaxlebuli punqtebisa Tu regionebis socialuri rein-
tegraciisaken mimarTul Semdgom iniciativebs unda etyobodes imis
potencia, rom Zala SeswevT, Seitanon mniSvnelovani wvlili am re-
gionebSi mcxovrebi adamianebis socialuri uflebebis dacvis saqme-
Si. amgvarad, es ar aris mxolod fizikuri infrastruqturis sfero-
Si investirebis, anu iseTi momsaxurebis finansuri uzrunvelyofis
sakiTxi, rogoric aris sakanalizacio sistemebi da sxva ZiriTadi
komunaluri mowyobilobebi: gzebi, sazogadoebrivi transporti da
normaluri standartebis Sesabamisi sacxovrebeli; es aris, agreTve,
am regionebis socialuri da komunaluri infrastruqturis reabi-
litaciaze xazgasmuli orientireba.
dasaqmeba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania araxelsayreli adgilmdeba-

reobiT gamowveuli CamorCenilobis aRmosafxvrelad. adgilobrivi
mosaxleobis dasaqmeba xels uwyobs siRatakis Semcirebas, adamianTa
CarTvas sazogadoebaSi. Sesabamisad, adamianebs umyardebaT sakuTari
Zalebis rwmena da eqmnebaT resursebi sazogadoebidan gariyulobis
dasaZlevad. dasaqmeba aseve emsaxureba finansuri Tu sxva resursebis
zrdas adgilobriv doneze. Zalian mniSvnelovania amgvari da sxva ti-
pis iniciativebSi adgilobrivi Temebis monawileoba.
111
danarTi I

jgufis (CS-LO), socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave spe-
cialistTa jgufis (CS-PS), dasaqmebaSi xelSewyobis uflebaze momuSave
eqspertTa komitetis (CS-EM) da marginalur garemoSi mcxovrebi adami-
anebis janmrTelobis dacvasa da jandacvis samsaxurebze moTxovnasTan
jandacvis samsaxurebis misadagebis specialistTa jgufis (SP-SPM)
mier Segrovebuli empiriuli masala
sacxovrebeli pirobebis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave specia-

listTa jgufi (CS-LO)

jgufma Seagrova empiriuli informacia uSualod evropis sabWos
yvela wevri saxelmwifosgan, sami damkvirvebeli saxelmwifosa da
dasaxlebis strategiis sferoSi momuSave adgilobrivi samTavro-
bo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebisgan. socialur kriteriumebze
dayrdnobiT yuradReba gamaxvilda daucvel jgufebze, vinaidan
sxva empiriuli proeqtebis farglebSi ukve ganxorcielda safuZv-
liani dakvirveba usaxlkaro adamianTa jgufebze. kiTxvaris stru-
qtura Semdegi iyo:
nawili:
dasaxlebis mdgomareoba saxelmwifoSi
dasaxlebis raionSi daucvel adamianTa kategoriebi
dasaxlebis xelmisawvdomoba daucvel adamianTa jgufebisTvis
dasaxlebis xelmisawvdomobis konstituciuri uzrunvelyofa

da damxmare sakanonmdeblo aqtebi
gamosaxleba
gadaudebeli situaciebi
A da B nawilebi emsaxureboda dasaxlebisTvis saWiro fondebis

gamoTvlisa da im kategoriis jgufebis gansazRvris mizans, rom-
lebic miCneulni iyvnen daucvelad mocemul saxelmwifoSi. C da
D nawilebis mizani iyo sakanonmdeblo safuZvlebis dadgena da
112
danarTi
daucveli kategoriis adamianebisTvis sacxovreblis xelmisawvdo-

mobis realuri praqtikis analizi, xolo E da F nawilebi koncen-
trirebuli iyo ori ZiriTadi tipis situaciebze, roca sacxovreb-
lis xelmisawvdomoba mniSvnelovan problemad iqceva, anu saubaria
gamosaxlebebsa da sagangaSo situaciebze (katastrofebze) dasax-
lebis sferoSi. kiTxvaris meore nawili moiTxovda magaliTe
bis moyvanas imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor xorcieldeboda dasaxlebis
strategia praqtikaSi C, E da F nawilebis TemebTan mimarTebaSi da
agreTve magaliTebs xelmisawvdomi sacxovreblis maragis Sesaxeb.
264 darigebuli kiTxvaridan 77 Sevsebul mdgomareobaSi dabrunda

da pasuxebis procentma ocdacxra Seadgina.

jgufi (CS-PS)

jgufma gaavrcela kiTxvari, raTa mieRo informacia iseT sak-
iTxebze, rogoric aris: a) socialuri dacvisa da socialuri
uzrunvelyofis sistemebis mier gacemuli yvelanairi daxmareba
da socialuri samsaxurebis mier miwodebuli daxmareba, ganxor-
cielebuli saxelmwifo, regionul Tu adgilobriv doneze; da b)
dabrkolebebi, romlebic arTulebs socialuri dacvis xelmi-
sawvdomobas.

jgufis wevrebi da _ im saxelmwifoebisTvis, romlebic ar arian
am jgufSi warmodgenilni _ socialuri integraciis evropuli
komitetis wevrebi TanamSromlobdnen sakuTar qveynebSi kiTx-
varis gavrcelebis saqmeSi im organizaciebs Soris, romelTac
ekisraT pasuxismgebloba socialuri momsaxurebis da daxmarebis
saxelmwifo, regionuli Tu adgilobrivi donis menejmentze, da
aseve saxelmwifo doneze moqmed arasamTavrobo organizaciebs
Soris. garda amisa, kiTxvari daegzavnaT saerTaSoriso doneze
warmodgenil arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, umeteswilad evro-
pis siRaribesTan mebrZoli organizaciis (EAPN) da organizaciis
ATD-Fourth World meSveobiT.
am kiTxvaris sapasuxod 170 gamoxmaureba iqna miRebuli oficia

luri uwyebebisa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebisgan, maT Soris
evropis sabWos 30 wevri saxelmwifodan.
dasaqmebaSi xelSewyobis uflebaze momuSave eqspertTa komiteti

(CS-EM)
113
eqspertTa am komisitetis mier Segrovebuli empiriuli masala

Sedgeboda `dadebiTi praqtikis~ magaliTebisagan imis Sesaxeb,
Tu rogor SeuZliaT ganviTarebis iniciativebs adgilobriv don-
eze SeebrZolon da Tavidan aicilon grZelvadiani umuSevro-
bis problemebi horizontaluri da koordinirebuli midgomis
meSveobiT. dasaqmebis xelmisawvdomobis xelSemwyob eqspertTa
komitetSi warmodgenilma yovelma wevrma saxelmwifom ikisra,
moeyvana sul mcire ori magaliTi `dadebiTi praqtikisa~, mxed-
velobaSi hqonda ra gamocdilebis gaziareba, romelic SeiZleba
gamoyenebuli yofiliyo grZelvadiani umuSevrobis proble-
basTan brZolaSi.
SeTanxmdnen imaze, rom unda moxdes Zalisxmevis koncentracia adg-

ilobrivi sazogadoebis dasaqmebis, socialur-ekonomikur da msgavs
programebze, raTa xeli Seewyos TviTdasaqmebas da waxalisdes
mcire sawarmoTa Seqmna. SesaZlebeli iyo yuradRebis gamaxvileba
garkveul gaWirvebul jgufebzec, rogorebic arian, magaliTad,
didi xnis umuSevrebi, unarSezRuduli adamianebi, umciresobaTa
warmomadgenlebi, materialurad daucveli qalebi da axalgazrde-
bi. am sias calke kategoriis saxiT daematnen xandazmuli mSrome-
lebi. xangrZlivad umuSevarTa kategorias miakuTvnes is pirebi,
romelTac ver SeZles samuSaos povna Tormeti Tvisa da meti xnis
ganmavlobaSi.
wevri saxelmwifoebis, damkvirvebeli organizaciebisa da qveyne

bis mxridan sul 21 dokumenti iqna miRebuli. es imas niSnavs, rom
dasaqmebis misawvdomobis xelSemwyob eqspertTa komitets gankar-
gulebaSi hqonda TiTqmis 60 magaliTi programebisa da iniciative-
bisa, romlebic mowodebulia, Seqmnas dasaqmebis wamaxalisebeli
pirobebi.
marginalur garemoSi mcxovrebi adamianebis janmrTelobis dacvasa

da jandacvis samsaxurebze moTxovnasTan jandacvis samsaxurebis
misadagebis specialistTa jgufi (SP-SPM)
marginalur garemoSi mcxovrebi adamianebis janmrTelobis

dacvasa da jandacvis samsaxurebze moTxovnasTan jandacvis
samsaxurebis misadagebis specialistTa jgufis eqspertebs
sTxoves, moemzadebinaT moxsenebebi qveynebis mixedviT kon-
sultantis mier Sedgenili kiTxvaris safuZvelze. mizani iyo
im problemaTa mimoxilvis warmodgena, romlebic Seexeboda
marginalur garemoSi mcxovrebi adamianebisTvis janmrTelobis
dacvis samsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobas. moxseneba moicavda Sem-
deg sakiTxebs:
114
danarTi
zogadi informacia socialuri da janmrTelobis dacvis si-

stemebis Sesaxeb;
siRatakis donis zrda da marginaluri jgufebis arseboba;
janmrTelobis maCveneblebi;
socialuri dacvisa da janmrTelobis dacvis sistemebi;
reagireba jandacvaSi arsebuli uTanasworobis mimarT;
Sesatyvisi zomebis ganxilva da miReba.
organizacia ATD-Fourth World-is mosazreba miRebuli iqna komitet-

Si am organizaciis warmomadgenlebis meSveobiT.
jgufis muSaobam Sedegad gamoiRo `marginalur garemoSi mcxo

vrebi adamianebis janmrTelobis dacvisa da jandacvis samsaxu-
rebze moTxovnasTan jandacvis samsaxurebis misadagebis Sesa
xeb~ Rec(2001)12 rekomendaciis miReba. am rekomendaciis arsi
SeiZleba Camoyalibdes Semdegi devizis saxiT: àvaridoT cudi
samedicino momsaxureba cud pirobebSi Cavardnil adamianebs~.
mudmivi zrda im adamianTa raodenobisa, romlebic marginalur
pirobebSi da daucvel viTarebaSi cxovroben, rasac Sedegad
mosdevs janmrTelobis, socialuri da ekonomikuri pirobebis
mniSvnelovani gauareseba, dris wesrigSi ayenebs sakiTxs imis
Sesaxeb, rom gamomuSavdes ganviTarebis yovlismomcveli da
koordinirebuli samoqmedo strategia, romelic dafuZnebuli
iqneba Tanasworobis, adamianis Rirsebisa da Tanamonawileobis
principebze. marginalur pirobebSi myof adamianTa janmrTe-
lobis dacvis gasaumjobeseblad rekomendacia varaudobs se-
qtorTaSorisi TanamSromlobis midgomas, eyrdnoba ra preven-
ciul moqmedebas da socialuri reintegraciisTvis xelSemwyobi
garemos Seqmnas, stigmatizaciis Tavidan acilebas da codnis
gaRrmavebas. daucvelTaTvis maTi uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis
gazrdisken mimarTuli zomebi emsaxureba zogadad mTel mosax-
leobas, nacvlad imisa, rom miawodos `cudi samedicino momsaxu-
reba cud pirobebSi Cavardnil adamianebs~.
115
danarTi II
saxelmZRvanelo principebi gaWirvebuli adamianebis kategorie-
bisTvis sacxovrebeli pirobebis xelmisawvdomobis Taobaze
I. Sesavali
1. adamianis Rirsebisa da socialuri marginalizaciis Sesaxeb

evropis sabWos proeqtis farglebSi Sesrulebuli samuSaos
procesSi gairkva, rom evropis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoTa winaSe
dgas gaWirvebulTa jgufebisTvis sabinao, dasaqmebis, socialu-
ri uzrunvelyofis, janmrTelobisa da ganaTlebis mdgomareo-
bis gasaumjobeseblad pirobebis Seqmnis amocana. marTalia,
Cveulebriv socialuri uflebebi kanoniT aris uzrunvelyofi-
li, magram xSir SemTxvevaSi maTi praqtikuli realizacia bevri
adamianisTvis garTulebulia warmoqmnili dabrkolebebis gamo.
amitomac evropis sabWom wamoiwyo mTeli rigi RonisZiebebisa,
raTa am uflebebiT sargebloba mosaxleobis yvela fenisTvis
gaexada xelmisawvdomi.
2. am konteqstSi 1999 wlis ivnisSi muSaobas Seudga sacxovrebe-

li pirobebis misawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa jgufi
(CS-LO). is gaxda evropis sabWos pirveli komisia, romelic si-
stematurad ganixilavda dasaxlebis strategiasTan dakavSire-
bul problemebs da misma muSaobam didad Seuwyo xeli wevr sa-
xelwifoebs Soris gamocdilebis intensiuri gacvlis process,
raTa am gziT momxdariyo evropis sabWos wevri da damkvirvebe-
li saxelmwifoebisgan empiriuli da farTomasStabiani panevro-
puli monacemebis Segroveba saxelmwifo samoqmedo strategie-
bis Sesaxeb iseT dargSi, rogoricaa gaWirvebuli kategoriis
adamianebisTvis1 dasaxlebis problemis mogvareba.
3. winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo principebi efuZneba kvleviTi

samuSaos Sedegebs (rac calke moxsenebebSia warmodgenili) da
sacxovreblis misawvdomobis specialistTa jgufis winadade-
bebs.
1. winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo principebSi terminiT `gaWirvebul adamianTa katego-

ria~ moixseniebian is adamianebi da jgufebi, romelTac ara aqvT sacxovrebeli ekono-
mikuri, socialuri Tu fsiqologiuri mizezebis gamo da Sedegad saWiroeben adekva-
tur daxmarebas sacxovreblis miRebis uflebis praqtikuli realizaciisTvis.
116
danarTi
II. gaWirvebuli kategoriis adamianTa sacxovrebeli pirobebiT

uzrunvelyofis strategiis ZiriTadi principebi
4. sacxovrebeli pirobebiT uzrunvelyofis problemis mniSvnelobisa

da am sakiTxSi erovnuli mTavrobebis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi mraval
saerTaSoriso dokumentSia aRiarebuli. maT Sorisaa evropis sabWos
èvropis socialuri qartia~, daTariRebuli 1961 wliT (me-16 muxli),
misi damatebiTi oqmi, miRebuli 1988 wels (me-4 muxli), evropis Ses-
worebuli socialuri qartia (1996 weli) (31-e muxli) da 1996 wels
stambolSi miRebuli gaero-s `dasaxlebis programa~ (Habitat Agenda),
agreTve `deklaracia qalaqebisa da sxva dasaxlebuli punqtebis Sesa-
xeb axal aTaswleulSi~, romelic miRebuli iqna gaero-s generaluri
asambleis sagangebo sesiaze da mieZRvna `dasaxlebis programis~ gan-
xorcielebis zogad Sefasebas (niu-iorki, 2001 wlis 6-8 ivnisi).
5. sacxovrebliT uzrunvelyofis strategiis konteqstSi adami-

anis is arsebiTi uflebebi, romlebic Camoyalibebulia adamianis
uflebaTa evropul konvenciaSi da gulisxmobs piradi da ojaxuri
cxovrebisa da sacxovrebeli adgilis pativiscemas (me-8 muxli), da,
agreTve, sakuTrebis mSvidobiani moxmarebis uflebas (1-li oqmis
1-li muxli) gansakuTrebuli pativiscemiTa da gulmodginebiT unda
iyos daculi. gaero-s `dasaxlebis programaSi~ mTavrobebi kvlav
adastureben TavianT mzadyofnas, srulad uzrunvelyon adamianis
im uflebebis realizacia, romlebic dadgenilia saerTaSoriso Se-
TanxmebebiTa da Sesabamisi aqtebiT, gansakuTrebiT ki, arsebuli
konteqstidan gamomdinare, saTanado sacxovrebliT uzrunvelyofis
uflebisa, rogorc es Camoyalibebulia adamianis uflebaTa sayo-
velTao deklaraciaSi da garantirebulia ekonomikur, socialur da
kulturul uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqtiT; amasTan erTad, saWi-
roa imis gaTvaliswineba, rom sacxovreblis uflebis ganxorcieleba
TandaTanobiT unda moxdes.
6. evropis sabWos wevrma saxelmwifoebma gansakuTrebuli yuradRe-

ba unda miaqcion xelSemwyobi bazis Seqmnas dasaxlebis strategiis
gansaxorcieleblad gaero-s `dasaxlebis programis~ rekomendacia-
Ta gaTvaliswinebiT. amgvari xelSemwyobi damokidebulebis zogad
konteqstSi wevrma saxelmwifoebma, gaero-s `dasaxlebis programis~
61-e muxlis Sesabamisad, unda miiRon saWiro zomebi, raTa Tanmim-
devrulad waaxalison da srulad uzrunvelyon saTanado sacxovre-
blis uflebis realizacia da xelmisawvdomoba gaWirvebuli katego-
riis adamianebisaTvis.
7. xelmisawvdomi sacxovrebliT gaWirvebuli kategoriis adamianTa

uzrunvelsayofad samTavrobo organoebma unda Seqmnan Sesatyvi-
si sakanonmdeblo sistema sabinao bazrisaTvis, rac gulisxmobs sa-
117
kuTrebis uflebas, uZravi qonebis usafrTxoebas da momxmareblis

dacvas im mizniT, rom gatardes saWiro instituciuri zomebi, dasa-
xuli iqnes moqmedebis gzebi xelmisawvdomi sacxovrebliT momarage-
bis gasazrdelad, moxdes uZravi qonebis usafrTxoebis ukeTesi uz-
runvelyofa sakanonmdeblo doneze, aseve sacxovreblis uflebis
aradiskriminaciuli misawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa yvela adamia-
nisTvis.
8. sacxovreblis uzrunvelyofa gaWirvebuli kategoriis adamiane-

bisTvis moiTxovs Zalisxmevas ara marto samTavrobo organoebis-
gan yvela doneze, aramed sazogadoebis yvela seqtorisgan _ kerZo
seqtorisa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis CaTvliT, aseve part-
niori organizaciebisgan da saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis orga-
nizaciebisgan. Tavad gaWirvebuli kategoriis warmomadgenlebi da
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi unda aRiWurvon ufleba-
mosilebiT, raTa iTamaSon aqtiuri roli samoqmedo gegmiT gansaz-
Rvruli patnioruli meqanizmis CarCoebSi.
9. sajaro seqtoris wvlili, misi monawileoba bazarze naklovanebe-

bis aRmofxvris saqmeSi kvlavindeburad Zalze mniSvnelovania, vin-
aidan is xels uwyobs im zomebis danergvas, romlebic SesaZleblo-
bas uqmnis gaWirvebili kategoriis adamianebs, visi problemebis
gadaWra ar ZaluZT arc bazars da arc sajaro dasaxlebis seqtors,
miiRon sakmarisi da finansurad xelmisawvdomi sacxovrebeli da
bazisuri momsaxurebis paketi.
10. arsebobs Zlieri urTierTkavSiri dasaxlebis strategiasa da

im sxva strategiebs Soris, romlebic miznad isaxavs adamianTa uz-
runvelyofas imgvari ZiriTadi uflebebiT, rogoricaa socialuri
dacva, dasaqmeba, janmrTeloba da ganaTleba. amitom movuwodebT
yvela donis samTavrobo organoebsa da Sesabamis saerTaSoriso
organizaciebs, ganaviTaron da cxovrebaSi gaataron kompleqsuri
zomebi gaWirvebuli kategoriis adamianebisTvis maTi socialuri
uflebebis uzrunvelsayofad.
11. dasaxlebis strategiis miznebi mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes mi-

Rebuli yovelgvari politikuri gadawyvetilebisa da iuridiuli
dokumentis miRebisas, romlebic pirdapir Tu irib zegavlenas
axdenen sacxovreblis bazris moTxovnasa da momaragebaze da moq-
medeben dasaxlebasTan dakavSirebul warmoebasa da uzrunvelyo-
faze. am TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovan sferoebs ganekuTvneba fis-
kaluri da sagadasaxado strategiebi, samoqalaqo kodeqsi da,
agreTve, safinanso da sakuTrebis bazrisa da miwiT sargeblobis
wesis ganmsazRvreli sakanonmdeblo normebi.
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danarTi
12. dasaxlebis strategiam yvela doneze unda gaiTvaliswinos ga-

Wirvebuli kategoriis adamianTa moTxovnilebebi da saWiroebebi.
amdenad, saxelmwifos samTavrobo organoebma unda iqonion an Seimu-
Saon samoqmedo strategia gaWirvebuli kategoriis adamianebisTvis
sacxovrebelze uflebis uzrunvelsayofad. amgvari strategia unda
eyrdnobodes naTlad gansazRvrul miznebs, standartebsa da pro-
cedurebs Catarebuli RonisZiebebis Sedegebis gasakontroleblad
da iTvaliswinebdes zemoT ukve naxseneb urTierTkavSirs dasaxlebis
strategiasa da sxva strategiebs Soris.
13. wevr saxelmwifoTagan TiToeuls unda gaaCndes qmediTi kanone-

bi da debulebebi, romlebic gamoricxaven yovelgvar diskriminacias
sacxovrebelze uflebis ganxorcielebis procesSi.
14. mravalmxriv gaWirvebul da zrunvamoklebul adamianebs unda aR-

moeCinos gansakuTrebuli daxmareba, raTa dakmayofildes maTi indivi-
dualuri moTxovna sacxovrebliT uzrunvelyofis Taobaze da xeli See-
wyos maT mier saWiro socialuri momsaxurebisa da Semweobis miRebas.
15. im qveynebSi, sadac bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi ganxorcielda

dasaxlebis bazarze arsebuli uZravi qonebis didi nawilis priva-
tizacia, unda SemuSavdes adekvaturi sabinao strategia, romlis
ganxorcielebac SeebrZoleba privatizaciis procesis arasasurvel
Sedegebs da gaWirvebuli kategoriis adamianebs sakuTar uflebebSi
aRdgenas daexmareba. magaliTad, im qveynebSi, sadac aRiniSneba `Rarib
mesakuTre-mdgmurTa~ maRali procenti, ufro didi yuradReba unda
mieqces saxlebis zogad keTilmowyobas da uZravi qonebis SekeTeba-
ganaxlebis mxardamWer zomebs, rac mimarTuli iqneba rogorc Seno-
bebis mesakuTreTa, aseve mdgmurTa sakeTildReod.
16. samTavrobo organoebma unda uzrunvelyon saWiro statistikuri

informaciis gegmazomieri Segroveba mTeli qveynis masStabiT gaWir-
vebuli kategoriis adamianebis sabinao mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, vinai-
dan aseTi informacia sasicocxlo mniSvnelobisaa specialuri stra-
tegiuli zomebisa da daxmarebis programebis SemuSavebis, miznobrivi
mimarTvisa da monitoringisTvis. am informaciis Segroveba standar-
tizebuli unda iyos evropaSi miRebuli kriteriumebis safuZvelze.
III. sakanonmdeblo baza
17. evropis sabWos wevrma yvela qveyanam unda ganixilos im saerTa-

Soriso samarTlebrivi dokumentebis ratificirebisa da ganxor-
cielebis sakiTxi, romlebic exeba dasaxlebis strategias da, mis
farglebSi, evropis Sesworebuli socialuri qartiis 31-e muxls
119
(sacxovreblis ufleba).
18. saxelmwifoebs, romelTac jer ar CamouyalibebiaT yovlismomcve-

li sakanonmdeblo baza da politikuri strategia gaWirvebuli ka-
tegoriis adamianebisaTvis sacxovreblis uflebis xelmisawvdomobis
uzrunvelsayofad, movuwodebT, ganaxorcielon es bazris moTxovna-
Ta da SesaZleblobaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, saerTaSoriso standartebis
Sesabamisad da erovnuli sabinao strategiis mxardasaWerad.
19. sacxovreblis uflebis kanonmdeblobaSi dafiqsirebasTan erTad

zrunvis sagani unda gaxdes imgvari meqanizmebis amoqmedebac, rom-
lebic gaaadvilebs yvela kanonieri macxovreblisTvis am uflebiT
gansazRvruli sikeTis miRebis SesaZleblobas.
20. gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareobaSi Cavardnili adamianebisTvis,

da wevr saxelmwifoTa mimarT evropis sabWos ministrTa komitetis
#R(2000)3 rekomendaciis Sesabamisad, evropis sabWos wevr yvela sa-
xelmwifos mTavrobebma unda aRiaron _ iq, sadac es jer ar momxdara
_ individualuri, sayovelTao da kanonis ZaliT uzrunvelyofili
arseboba adamianis uflebisa, daikmayofilos arsebiTi materialuri
saWiroebani. es uflebebi unda vrceldebodes pirvel rigSi sakvebze,
tansacmelze, sacxovrebelze da ZiriTad samedicino momsaxurebaze
da xelmisawvdomi iyos yvela adgilobrivi da ucxoeli moqalaqisT-
vis, rogoric ar unda iyos am ukanasknelTa statusi erovnul ka-
nonmdeblobaSi, da erovnuli samTavrobo organoebis mier dadgenili
wesis Sesabamisad.
21. yvela saxelmwifom Tavis kanonmdeblobaSi unda gansazRvros

`saTanado sacxovreblis~ kriteriumebi da am dros gaiTvaliswinos
adamianis uflebebis aspeqti da `dasaxlebis programis~ me-60 muxli1,
aseve qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTareba da kulturis specifika.
22. `saTanado sacxovreblis~ standartebi unda miesadagos ara mxo-

lod axal nagebobebs, aramed, TandaTanobiT, ukve arsebul sac-
xovrebel Senobebsac.
23. yvela wevr saxelmwifoSi unda arsebobdes sakuTrebis uflebe-

bis gamWvirvale sistema da sakuTrebis maregulirebeli kanonebis
saTanado administraciuli realizacia.
1. `dasaxlebis programis~ me-60 muxli: `saTanado sacxovrebeli... niSnavs... saxu

ravs Tavze; sakmaris sivrces; fizikur misadgomobas; sakmaris usafrTxoebas; Seno-
bis gamZleobasa da stabilurobas; sakmaris ganaTebas; gaTbobasa da ventilacias;
sakmaris bazisur infrastruqturas; Sesaferisi xarisxis garemos pirobebsa da jan-
mrTelobasTan dakavSirebul faqtorebs... yvelaferi unda moipovebodes xelmis-
awvdom fasad.~
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danarTi
24. saxelmwifo organoebma unda miawodon informacia sakanonmde-

blo bazis Sesaxeb Tanamdebobis pirebs, romlebic pasuxs ageben da-
saxlebis sferos muSaobaze saxelmwifo, regionul da adgilobriv
doneebze, aseve _ samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebs.
IV. instituciuri struqtura da TanamSromloba xelisuflebis

organoebsa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebas Soris
25. Tu saWiro Seiqna, wevrma saxelmwifoebma unda ganaviTaron Se-

satyvisi da qmediTi instituciuri struqtura, raTa uzrunvelyon
TanamSromloba xelisuflebis organoebsa da dasaxlebis strategi-
is sferos sxva moqmed mxareTa Soris. es SeiZleba iyos am seqtorSi
momuSave samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Sesabamisi organizaciebi.
26. dasaxlebis erovnuli strategiis CarCoebSi (romelic uzrun-

velyofs, sxva sakiTxebs Soris, saWiro resursebis miwodebas adgi-
lobrivi samTavrobo struqturebisaTvis, raTa maT SeZlon Tavian-
Ti funqciebis Sesruleba) unda arsebobdes adgilobrivi avtonomiis
mniSvnelovani xarisxi. avtonomiuroba unda gamoixatebodes adgi-
lobrivi organoebis monawileobaSi gadawyvetilebis miRebis proces-
Si, am gadawyvetilebaTa realizaciaSi, resursebis mobilizaciasa da
gamoyenebaSi.
27. adgilobrivi samTavrobo organoebisa da samoqalaqo sazoga-

doebis organizaciebis roli da pasuxismgebloba dasaxlebis stra-
tegiis gatarebaSi, iseve, rogorc funqciaTa ganawileba maT Soris
unda iyos naTlad garkveuli da kanoniT gamagrebuli.
28. samTavrobo organoebma mxari unda dauWiron, gaaadvilon da

yovelmxriv xeli Seuwyon samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizacie-
bis damkvidrebas yvela doneze, raTa maT aqtiurad iTanamSromlon
gaWirvebuli kategoriis adamianebisaTvis sacxovreblis uzrun-
velyofis saqmeSi. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis saqmi-
anobisTvis Sesabamisi resursebi unda iqnes gamoyofili.
29. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi monawileobas unda

Rebulobdnen dasaxlebis strategiis ganxorcielebaSi da gadawy-
vetilebaTa miRebaSi, raTa uzrunvelyon, rom gaWirvebuli kate-
goriis adamianTa saWiroebebi da prioritetebi mxedvelobaSi iqnes
miRebuli da daigegmos Sesabamisi zomebi.
30. samTavrobo struqturebma unda gaamartivon gaWirvebuli ka-

tegoriis adamianTaTvis gadawyvetilebis miRebisa da dagegmvis
procesSi monawileoba, iuridiuli momsaxurebis miReba iseTi
121
saSualebebis miwodebiT, rogoricaa moqalaqeTa iuridiuli dax-

mareba da maTTvis ufaso iuridiuli da sakonsultacio centrebis
Seqmna.
V. gaWirvebuli kategoriis adamianebisTvis xelmisawvdomi

sacxovreblis uzrunvelyofisa da dafinansebis gaumjobeseba
31. xelmisawvdomi sacxovreblis uzrunvelyofa unda gaizardos,

magaliTad, xelmisawvdomi kerZo binebis sakuTrebis waxalisebiT
da mxardaWeriT da sazogadoebrivi, kooperaciuli da kerZo sac-
xovreblis maragis gazrdiT, rac unda ganxorcieldes sazoga-
doebriv da kerZo iniciativebs Soris partniorobiT da, amasTan
erTad, saWiroa jerovani pativiscema rogorc mflobelis, ise
damqiraveblis iuridiuli uflebebisa da movaleobebis mimarT.
32. bazarma unda uzrunvelyos sxvadasxva tipis sacxovreblis miwo-

deba, maT Soris iseTi binebisac, romlebic misaRebi da xelmisawv-
domi iqneba dabalSemosavliani adamianebisTvisac. xelisuflebis
organoebma unda SemoiRon sakanonmdeblo baza da daamkvidron sa-
binao fondis efeqtiani sistema an sxva Sesabamisi zomebi, romle-
bic gansazRvruli iqneba dabalSemosavliani adamianebisaTvis da/an
misawvdomobis problemebis mqone adamianebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT
ki iseT regionebSi, sadac adgilobriv sabinao bazarze xelmisawv-
domi sacxovreblis simwire aRiniSneba.
33. gamosadegi miwebis saWiro farTobebis uzrunvelsayofad da

gansakuTrebiT im miznis misaRwevad, rom es miwebi sazogadoebri-
vi sabinao mSeneblobisTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdes, xelisuflebis
organoebma unda izrunon fiskalur stimulebze da sxva Sesafe-
ris zomebze, raTa xeli Seuwyon xelmisawvdomi binaTmSeneblobi-
saTvis gamosadegi Tavisufali miwebis bazris funqcionirebas.
34. iq, sadac sacxovrebeli binebis naklebobaa, miRebuli unda iq-

nes zomebi kerZo gasaqiravebeli binebis bazris stimulirebisaT-
vis, raTa moxdes binebis gaqiraveba, Tuki ar arsebobs iuridiuli
dabrkolebebi ijariT gacemis winaaRmdeg.
35. miwisa da usafrTxo mesakuTreobis miRebis proceduris gasamar-

tiveblad, gansakuTrebiT gaWirvebuli kategoriis adamianebisTvis,
xelisuflebis Sesabamisma organoebma, maT Soris xelisuflebis ad-
gilobrivma uwyebebma, unda uzrunvelyon instituciuri mxardaWeris
aRmoCena, miwis menejmentis angariSvaldebulebaze dayrdnobiT da
gamWvirvaled warmarTva, aseve zusti informacia miwis mesakuTreo-
bis, gankargvisa da gegmazomieri moxmarebis Sesaxeb.
122
danarTi
36. didi moTxovnileba arsebobs binaTmSeneblobis dafinansebaze.

amitom samTavrobo organoebma unda Seqmnan mravalferovan SesaZ-
leblobaTa sistema, romelic daexmareba gaWirvebuli kategori-
is adamianebs binaTmSeneblobisTvis saWiro finansebis moZiebaSi,
roca saWiro gaxdeba. imisaTvis, rom binaTmflobeloba xelmisawv-
domi gaxdes, mTavrobebma unda daafinanson binaTmSenebloba an
binebiT uzrunvelyofa am kategoriebis adamianTaTvis. amgvarad
subsidirebuli binaTmSenebloba unda daeyrdnos gamWvirvale da
obieqturi kriteriumebis safuZvels.
37. rogorc binaTmSeneblobis dafinansebis wyaros alternativa,

an masTan erTad, unda damkvidrdes dotaciebis sistama, romelic
dasaxlebis realuri saWiroebis analizs daeyrdnoba iq, sadac mi-
zanSewonili iqneba. sabinao dotaciebi SeiZleba gaxdes qmediTi
da mizanmimarTuli iaraRi dabalSemosavliani jgufebisTvis xel-
misawvdomi sacxovreblis uzrunvelsayofad.
38. dabalSemosavliani ojaxebisTvis xelmisawvdomi sacxovreblis

uzrunvelyofis gasaumjobeseblad xelisuflebis organoebma unda
ganixilon dazogvis sqemebisa da sakredito saSualebebis SemoRe-
bis SesaZlebloba; magaliTad SeiZleba dasaxeldes uprocento an
dabalprocentiani sesxebi, maT Soris mikrosakredito sqemebi.
39. gaWirvebuli kategoriis adamianTaTvis binebiT mommarageble-

bisTvis unda moqmedebdes SeRavaTiani safinanso pirobebi.
VI. teritoriul principze dafuZnebuli dasaxlebis strategiis

mniSvneloba
40. sagangebo zrunvis sagani unda gaxdes socialuri integrirebis

xelSewyoba, raTa dasaxlebis ubnebSi ar Camoyalibdes segregacia
da getoizacia qonebrivi da erovnuli umciresobebis mixedviT.
Tavidan unda iqnes aridebuli adgilmdebareobiT gamowveuli dis-
balansi miwodebasa da moTxovnilebas Soris. Tu es yvelaferi ar
ganxorcielda, gaWirvebuli kategoriis adamianebs kidev ufro me-
tad gaurTuldebaT sacxovreblis uflebis realizacia.
41. im mizniT, rom miRebuli iqnes zomebi ukve arsebuli sabinao

fondis masStaburi gauaresebis Tavidan asacileblad, saxelmwi-
foebma unda SeimuSaon samoqmedo strategia da dasaxon samoqmedo
gzebi ormxrivi mimarTulebiT, anu ukve arsebuli fondis SekeTe-
ba-ganaxlebis proeqtebi unda iyos Sexamebuli axali Senoba-nage-
bobebis mSeneblobasTan mxolod iq, sadac mizanSewonilia.
123
42. im mizniT, rom Tavidan acilebuli an Semcirebuli iqnes urba-

nul teritoriebze stigmatizebuli sacxovreblis koncentraciis
problema, zomebi unda gatardes saimisod, rom dasaxlebis ganvi-
Tarebis programebi daproeqtebis fazaSive iTvaliswinebdes imis
SesaZleblobas, rom gaWirvebuli kategoriis adamianebs mieceT re-
aluri saSualeba sazogadoebasTan integraciisa, inter alia, qalaqis
centralur ubnebSi mdebare sacxovrebeli saxlebis reabilitaciis
an agebis gziT.
43. xeli unda Seewyos adgilobriv iniciativebs, romelTa ganviTare-

ba miznad isaxavs dangreuli samosaxlo uZravi qonebisa da gaRatake-
buli sacxovrebeli ubnebis socialur reintegracias. aqcenti unda
gakeTdes am ubnebis socialuri da saTemo infrastruqturis aRdge-
naze da maTi mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis amaRlebaze.
44. macxovrebelTa monawileoba dasaxlebis, cxovrebisa da socialu-

ri reabilitaciis proeqtebSi mniSvnelovani komponentia adgilobriv
doneze. amgvar monawileobas sWirdeba wamaxalisebeli zomebis wa-
mowyeba, magaliTad, iseTebisa, rogoric aris:
macxovreblebisa da mflobelebis waxaliseba maTi saxlebis me-

nejmentis, SekeTebisa da ganaxlebis procesSi monawileobis mi-
saRebad;
mxardaWera macxovrebelTa komitetebis Seqmnis saqmeSi, anu rCeve-

biT daxmareba maTi funqcionirebisa da menejmentisaTvis.
mxardaWera adgilobrivi samezoblo komitetebis sabinao proeqte-

bis erovnuli qselis daarsebisa da amuSavebis saqmeSi TanamSrom-
lobisa da kargi gamocdilebis gaziarebis xelSewyobis mizniT.
VII. gaWirvebuli kategoriis adamianebisTvis gamosaxlebis riskisa

da misi uaryofiTi Sedegebis Semcireba
45. daucvelobis Sesamcireblad yvela Sesabamisi donis samTavrobo

struqturebma, xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebis CaTvliT,
unda izrunon yvela adamianis dacvaze gamosaxlebis safrTxisgan
da uzrunvelyon samarTlebrivi dacva da kompensaciebi ZaliT ga-
mosaxlebulTaTvis im SemTxvevebSi, roca es kanonis darRveviT
ganxorcielda.
46. gamosaxlebis profilaqtikas upiratesoba unda mieniWos sac-

xovreblis gamocvlasTan SedarebiT.
124
danarTi
47. gamosaxlebis Sesaxeb kanonmdebloba srulad da naTlad unda

saxavdes gamosaxlebis proceduras da Seicavdes droiT CarCoebs,
romelTa farglebSic macxovreblebma unda miiRon Setyobineba
mosalodneli gamosaxlebis Sesaxeb.
48. adgilobriv xelisuflebas da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

Sesabamis organizaciebs unda miewodoT informacia mosalodneli
gamosaxlebebis Sesaxeb, raTa maT mieceT SesaZlebloba, gauwion
saSuamdgomlo da sakonsultacio momsaxureba da/an daxmareba im
pirebs, visac gamosaxlebis safrTxe daemuqra.
49. qveyanaSi unda arsebobdes dagiravebis sigelis gamosyidvisa

da gamosaxlebis pirobebis maregulirebeli naTeli kanonmdeblo-
ba, romelic unda iTvaliswinebdes samarTlebriv daxmarebas im si-
tuaciebSi, roca aucileblobiT gamowveuli gamosaxleba da axal
adgilze dasaxleba dRis wesrigSi ayenebs gansakuTrebuli dacvis
saWiroebas im ojaxebisTvis, romlebsac hyavT mcirewlovani bavS-
vebi da ojaxis mosavleli wevrebi.
50. im SemTxvevebSi, roca ojaxebs gamosaxleba emuqrebaT, yvela Se-

satyvisi zoma unda iqnes miRebuli arsebiTi da saWiro momsaxurebiT
maTi uzrunvelyofis mizniT, raTa maT garantirebulad miiRon nor-
maluri da Rirseuli cxovrebisTvis saWiro yvela piroba (magaliTad,
eleqtroenergia, sasmeli wyali da gaTboba, saWiroebis mixedviT).
51. im SemTxvevebSi, Tu gasaxleba gardauvalia, dasaxlebis sakiTxze

pasuxismgebeli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi an kanoniT ufleba-
mosili sxva organoebi socialur samsaxurebTan da sxva Sesabamis
struqturebTan erTad unda eZebdnen _ kanoniT gansazRvruli pi-
robebis farglebSi _ Sesaferis alternatiul gadawyvetas, raTa
pativiscemiT moekidon im adamianebis problemebs, visac es proce-
si Seexo, da am gziT gaaadvilon maTi socialuri integracia.
52. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi unda daisaxos strategiuli gegmebi, rom-

lebic gadaasxvaferebs sacxovreblis araoficialur bazars imisaTvis,
rom daareguliros da mouZebnos alternativa binebis ukanono dakave-
bis process da daaarsos erToblivi arakomerciuli organizaciebi.
VIII. gadaudebeli situaciebis regulireba
53. qveynebis mTavrobebma TavSesafriT unda uzrunvelyon usaxlka-

roebi da ltolvilebi; qalebi da bavSvebi, romlebic ojaxuri Zala-
dobis msxverplni gaxdnen; moxucebulebi da invalidebi; bunebrivi
da adamianis mizeziT gamowveuli katastrofebis msxverplni da is
125
adamianebi, romlebic ekuTvnian daucvel da gaWirvebul katego-

rias. TavSesafriT uzrunvelyofa Seicavs droebiTi sadgomisa da
ltolvilTaTvis sabazo momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofas. mTavrobeb-
ma, amis garda, xeli unda Seuwyon zemoxsenebuli kategoriebisTvis
sabazo samsaxurebisa da saSualebebis uzrunvelyofas ganaTlebisa
da janmrTelobis dacvis pirobebis gasaumjobeseblad.
54. samTavrobo struqturebma unda Camoayalibon, miiRon da

cxovrebaSi gaataron Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo aqtebi mSeneblo-
bisTvis gankuTvnili miwiT sargeblobis normebis Sesaxeb da, aseve,
dagegmarebis normebi, romlebic daefuZneba riskisa da daucvelo-
bis gansazRvris profesiul analizs.
55. samTavrobo struqturebma unda uzrunvelyon katastrofebis

Sedegebis daZlevis menejmentsa da dagegmarebaSi gaWirvebuli da
dazaralebuli adamianebis monawileoba, im faqtoris aRiarebidan
gamomdinare, rom xsenebuli kategoriis adamianebi gansakuTrebiT
daucvelni arian bunebrivi Tu adamianis mizeziT gamowveuli kata-
strofebis dros.
56. potenciuri safrTxis regionebSi xelisuflebis organoebma unda

waaxalison da mxardaWera aRmouCinon qmediT gadawyvetilebebs, ax-
lebur midgomas da adekvaturi samSeneblo normebis miRebas, raTa
reagireba moaxdinon daucveli sazogadoebrivi jgufebis kritikul,
maRali riskis faqtorebze da, inter alia, TavianTi Zalisxmeva miuZRvnan
riskis zonebis rukebisa da sazogadoebaze orientirebuli, daucve-
lobis donis Semcirebisken mimarTuli programebis Seqmnas.
57. samTavrobo da sxva Sesabamis administraciul organoebs unda

hqondeT unari, operatiulad uzrunvelyon sagangebo situaciebSi
moqmedebis strategiisa da reabilitaciis RonisZiebebis gansaxor-
cieleblad aucilebeli finansuri resursebi. es unda gakeTdes
imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom qalTa, bavSvTa, invalidTa da gaWir-
vebuli kategoriis adamianTa gansakuTrebuli saWiroebani mxedve-
lobaSi iqnes miRebuli yvela komunikaciis, samaSvelo operaciis,
sareabilitacio da sarekonstruqcio samuSaos warmoebis dros.
58. samTavrobo organoebma unda gansazRvron da xeli Seuwyon im

zomebs, romlebic mimarTulia im kategoriaTa adamianebis gadaude-
beli moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad, romelTac miekuTvnebian
qveynis SigniT iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli adamianebi, Sin dabrunebu-
lebi, bunebrivi katastrofebis msxverplni da sxv. maTTvis unda ai-
gos Sesaferisi droebiTi TavSesafrebi, romlebic aRWurvili iqneba
yvela aucilebeli damxmare saSualebiT; am dros gaTvaliswinebuli
unda iyos genderuli specifikiT nakarnaxevi saWiroebani.
126
danarTi
59. unda arsebobdes procedurebi imis monitoringisaTvis, Tu sa-

gangebo viTarebis dadgomisas rogor asruleben regionuli da ad-
gilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebi samarTlebriv da administra-
ciul procedurebs.
IX. rekomendaciebi dasaxlebis sakiTxebze evropis sabWos

momavali muSaobisTvis.
60. sacxovreblis misawvdomobis specialistTa jgufi miesalmeba

socialuri integraciis evropuli komitetis gadawyvetilebas,
2002 wels Camoayalibos specialistTa axali jgufi, romelic imu-
Savebs socialuri integraciis saqmeSi dasaxlebis strategiis sa-
kiTxebze. sacxovreblis misawvdomobis specialistTa jgufis ga-
mokvlevebis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT, specialistTa axali jgufis
muSaoba SeiZleba mieZRvnas Semdeg amocanebs:
sityvaris momzadeba ZiriTadi terminebisTvis, romlebic ix-

mareba evropis qveynebis dasaxlebis strategiebis socialuri
aspeqtebis ganxilvis procesSi;
Sesatyvisi sabazo informaciis miwodeba evropis Sesworebuli

socialuri qartiis 31-e muxlis (sacxovreblis uflebis Sesa-
xeb) monitoringis procesisTvis;
gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis miqceva qveregionuli safexure-

bisTvis, vinaidan mniSnelovani daskvnebis gamotana SeiZleba
strategiebis, praqtikuli gamocdilebisa da SemweobiTi saqmi-
anobis Sedegebis Sedarebisas mezobeli qveynebis mcire jgufe-
bis magaliTze.
saSualovadian perspeqtivaSi gaero-s èvropisaTvis ekonomikur

komisiasTan~ (UNECE) erToblivi saqmianobis organizeba (ix.
qvemoT, punqti 66) imisaTvis, rom kidev ufro metad Tvalsa-
Cinod gamoCndes am ori organizaciis roli da zegavlena, ro-
gorc evropul asparezze dasaxlebis strategiis ganmaxorcie-
lebeli ori mTavari moqmedi mxarisa.
evrokavSiris èrovnuli dasaxlebis politikis umniSvnelovane-

si sakiTxebis~ organizaciasTan TanamSromlobis perspeqtivebis
Seswavla im mizniT, rom moxdes am statistikaSi socialuri in-
tegraciis maCveneblebis CarTva.
sistemis gamomuSavebas imis monitoringisa da SefasebisTvis,

Tu rogor xorcieldeba da ra Sedegebi mosdevs sacxovreblis
127
misawvdomobis specialistTa jgufis mier miRebul saxelmZRva-

nelo principebs.
61. muSaobis ganmavlobaSi sacxovreblis xelmisawvdomobis specia-

listTa jgufma moZebna bevri magaliTi, romelmac aCvena, rom ar-
sebobs Zlieri urTierTdamokidebuleba dasaxlebis strategiasa
da im sxva strategiebs Soris, romlebic Seexeba iseTi ZiriTa-
di socialuri uflebebis miRebas, rogoricaa socialuri dacva,
dasaqmeba, janmrTelobis dacva da ganaTleba. amitom is urCevs
socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb saangariSo do-
kumentze momuSave saredaqcio jgufs (CS-ASR), rom socialuri
uflebebis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb momzadebul saangariSo doku-
mentSi stimulireba gaewios samTavrobo organoebs yvela doneze,
raTa maT gamoimuSaon erTiani midgoma gaWirvebuli kategoriis
adamianebisTvis socialuri uflebebis miwodebasTan dakavSirebu-
li sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad da gawion Sesabamisi rekomendaciebi
am miznis gansaxorcieleblad.
62. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Cabmam sacxovreblis xel-

misawvdomobis specialistTa jgufis muSaobaSi maRali Sefaseba
daimsaxura misi yvela wevris mxridan da es TanamSromloba unda
gagrZeldes momavalSic socialuri uflebebis dacvis ganxorcie-
lebis konteqstSi.
63. socialuri erTobis indikatorebi, romelTa SemuSavebiTac am-

Jamad dakavebulia evropis sabWos socialuri integraciis ganvi-
Tarebis ganyofileba, unda Seicavdes im indikatorebs, romlebic
iTvaliswinebs dasaxlebis mdgomareobas wevr saxelmwifoebSi.
64. evropis sabWom (rodesac SesaZlebelia, evropis sabWos ganvi-

Tarebis bankTan TanamSromlobiT) unda gaagrZelos xelSemwyobi
saqmianoba dasaxlebis sferoSi rogorc wevri saxelmwifoebis, ase-
ve qveregionul doneebze, gansakuTrebiT socialuri infrastru-
qturis gaumjobesebis, diskriminaciisa da dasaxlebis segregaciis
Semcirebis TvalsazrisiT, da Zalisxmeva unda mimarTos umcireso-
baTa, ltolvilTa da adgilmonacvle adamianTa dasaxlebis mdgo-
mareobis gasaumjobeseblad.
65. evropis sabWos adgilobrivi da regionuli xelisuflebis or-

ganoTa kongresma, kerZod ki misi socialuri integraciis komisiis
adgilobrivma da regionulma palatebma unda dasaxon RonisZieba-
Ta wamowyeba dasaxlebis strategiis adgilobrivi da regionuli
aspeqtebis irgvliv.
66. sacxovreblis xelmisawvdomobis specialistTa jgufis muSaobis
128
danarTi
Sedegebi unda ecnobos UNECE-s adamianTa gansaxlebis komisias,

raTa gafarTovdes sacxovreblis xelmisawvdomobis specialistTa
jgufis mier damyarebuli metad sasargeblo kontaqtebi. UNECE-s
adamianTa gansaxlebis komisia asrulebs Zalian mniSvnelovan samu-
Saos dasaxlebis strategiis ekonomikuri da teqnikuri aspeqtebis
ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT, rac avsebs evropis sabWos mier da-
saxlebis strategiis socialur aspeqtebze gaweul samuSaos.
67. evropis sabWom unda aseve ganixilos TanamSromlobis SesaZ-

lebloba adamianTa dasaxlebis sakiTxebze sagangebo momxsenebel-
Tan, romelic axlaxans dainiSna gaero-s adamianis uflebaTa umaR-
lesi komisris ofisis mier.
68. rac Seexeba evropis qveynebSi dasaxlebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb

informacias, sacxovreblis xelmisawvdomobis specialistTa jgu-
fi rekomendacias uwevs evropis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoebs, Seeca-
don Semdegi zomebis miRebas:
dasaxlebis statistikuri monacemebis SedarebiTobis gaumjo-

besebas im mizniT, rom moxdes maTi saboloo standartizacia
saerTo evropuli kriteriumebis safuZvelze;
sadac aucilebelia, gzebis gamonaxvas, raTa moxdes sajaro

samsaxurebis Tanamdebobis pirTa da farTo sazogadoebriobis
ukeTesi informireba dasaxlebis sferoSi im saerTaSoriso Se-
Tanxmebebis Sesaxeb, romlebSic maTi qveyana monawileobs, ro-
gorc xelmomweri mxare (kerZod, igulisxmeba evropis socialu-
ri qartiis 31-e muxli).
129
danarTi III
saxelmZRvanelo principebi socialuri dacvis misawvdomobis

gasaumjobeseblad
qvemoT CamoTvlili saxelmZRvanelo principebi moiwona socialuri

dacvis xelmisawvdomobaze momuSave specialistTa jgufma (CS-PS).
am principebis daniSnulebaa, xeli Seuwyos socialuri daxmare-
bis xelmisawvdomobas im adamianebisTvis, romlebic akmayofile-
ben am daxmarebis misaReb pirobebs, magram sakuTari uflebebis
moTxovnisas win sirTuleebi eRobebaT. saxelmZRvanelo principebi
miznad isaxavs, agreTve, socialuri momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomo-
bis xelSewyobas. am principebs safuZvlad udevs Semdegi ZiriTadi
postulatebi:
uflebiT sargebloba gulisxmobs am uflebis codnas da infor-

macias am uflebis flobisa da misi gamoyenebis Taobaze;
garantirebuli unda iyos socialuri dacvis qmediTi xelmisawv-

domoba yvela im adamianisaTvis, visac es dacva ekuTvnis;
socialuri dacvis mimwodebeli uwyebebi da socialuri samsaxure-

bi unda muSaobdnen im adamianebisTvis, visac es dacva ekuTvnis;
sagangebo yuradReba unda mieqces gansakuTrebiT umweo adami-

anebs, romelTac socialuri dacva ekuTvniT;
socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobis gasaumjobeseblad ar-

sebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba realur partniorobas socialuri
dacvis uwyebebsa da samsaxurebs da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
sxvadasxva organizacias Soris;
moqmedi kanonmdeblobis mniSvnelovani Sesworebisas an axa-

li SeRavaTebis SemoRebisas unda moxdes siRaribis winaaRmdeg
brZolaze zemoqmedebis sistematuri Sefaseba.
I. uflebebis, daxmarebisa da momsaxurebebis Sesaxeb

komunikaciisa da informaciis miwodebis gaumjobeseba
1. sazogadoebas unda hqondes mTeli aucilebeli informacia soci

aluri daxmarebisa da socialuri momsaxurebebis Sesaxeb; informaciis
gavrceleba unda iyos informaciis gavrcelebis saxelmwifo kursisa
130
danarTi
da strategiis nawili:
informaciis gavrceleba miznad unda isaxavdes informaciis mi-

wodebas yvela im adamianisTvis, visac socialuri dacva ekuTv-
nis, da unda iyenebdes informaciis miwodebis rac SeiZleba met
arxs (mTeli mosaxleobisTvis broSurebis dagzavna, satelevi-
zio reklama, broSurebis darigeba sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris
garkveul adgilebSi, ufaso satelefono nomrebi, specialuri
dReebi, interneti da a.S.);
es informacia ramdenime enaze unda gavrceldes (erovnuli um-

ciresobebisTvis, migranti mSromelebisTvis);
informaciis miwodeba gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes SezRuduli

SesaZleblobebis adamianebisTvis (maTTvis, visac uWirs gadaad-
gileba, smenis da mxedvelobis problemebi aqvs);
rodesac informacia broSurebis (beWduri) formiT vrceldeba,

igi dawerili unda iyos martivi da gasagebi eniT da xSirad unda
ganaxldes;
informacia unda miewodos potenciuri beneficiarebis siax-

loveSi myof adamianebs.
2. adamianebs, romelTac socialuri dacva ekuTvniT, unda SeeZloT

sakuTari uflebebiT advilad sargebloba:
daxmarebis moTxovnis formebi unda iyos lakoniuri, ganmcxade-

blebisaTvis mosaxerxebeli da advilad Sesavsebi;
xeli unda Seewyos socialuri dacvis organoebis sakonsulta-

cio funqcias, gansakuTrebiT, Tu saWiroa, daxmarebis moTxov-
nis formebis SevsebasTan dakavSirebiT, proaqtiuli midgomebis
damkvidrebis gziT (ufaso sainformacio samsaxurebi, mobiluri
samsaxurebi);
daxmarebaze uaris nebismier SemTxvevaSi uars Tan unda axldes

mizezi, romelic martivad da gasagebad iqneba Camoyalibebuli,
da miTiTebuli unda iqnes apelaciis arxebi;
SesaZlebeli unda iyos zepiri axsna-ganmartebis miwodeba.
3. xelisuflebis organoebi mudmivad yuradRebas unda aqcevdnen in-

formaciis xarisxsa da efeqtianobas:
131
momsaxurebis momwodeblebs unda CautardeT treningi adamia

nebTan urTierTobis sferoSi;
periodulad unda Catardes gamokiTxvebi imis dasadgenad, Tu

ramdenad farTod gavrcelda informacia;
periodulad unda Catardes gamokiTxvebi imis dasadgenad, Tu

ramdenad kmayofilebi arian is pirebi, romelTac socialuri
dacva ekuTvniT;
unda Semowmdes xolme, miiRes Tu ara socialuri daxmareba po-

tenciurma beneficiarebma, magaliTad, unda moxdes winaswari
biujetis Sedareba gacemul TanxebTan;
unda Catardes sagangebo samuSao im adamianebisTvis daxmarebis

gasawevad, romlebTan dakavSirebiTac dadgindeba, rom isini ver
sargebloben TavianTi uflebebiT.
II. socialuri daxmarebis mimwodeblebisa da socialuri dacvis

samsaxurebis marTvisa da organizebis gaumjobeseba
1. socialuri dacvis uwyebebisa da socialuri samsaxurebis

Camoyalibeba misadagebuli unda iqnes im adamianebis saWiroebeb
Tan, romelTac es dacva ekuTvniT:
garkveviT unda ganawildes pasuxismgebloba sxvadasxva uwyebasa

da samsaxurs Soris da ecnobos es pasuxismgeblobebi Sesabamis
uwyebebsa da samsaxurebs;
adamianebma, romelTac socialuri dacva ekuTvniT, unda icod-

nen socialuri dacvis uwyebebisa da socialuri samsaxurebis
arseboba, unda icodnen maTi funqciebic, Tu saWiroa, socialu-
ri daxmarebis RonisZiebebisa da socialuri samsaxurebis Sesa-
xeb informaciis internetSi ganTavsebis gziT;
socialuri dacvis uwyebebi da socialuri samsaxurebi sagange-

bod unda iyos misadagebuli gariyul adamianTa saWiroebebTan;
socialuri dacvis uwyebebisa da socialuri samsaxurebis Seno-

bebi yvelasaTvis (xandazmulebisTvis, unarSezRuduli adamia
nebisTvis, im adamianebisTvis, visac mcirewlovani bavSvebi hyavs)
advilad misadgomi unda iyos;
socialuri dacvis uwyebebisa da socialuri samsaxurebis mu-
132
danarTi
Saobis saaTebi ise unda dawesdes, rom gaTvaliswinebuli iqnes

im adamianebis sxvadasxvagvari saWiroebebi, romelTac es dacva
ekuTvniT;
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi unda daarsdes `socialuri dacvis mobi-

luri samsaxurebi~;
xelmisawvdomi unda iyos sainformacio teqnologiebi, kerZod,

axali teqnologia (interneti), raTa xeli Seewyos socialuri
daxmarebisa da samsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobas im adamianebisT-
vis, vinc miuwvdomel adgilebSi cxovrobs (geografiuli Tval-
sazrisiT moSorebuli adgilebi, moSorebuli soflebi).
2. socialuri dacvis uwyebebisa da socialuri samsaxurebis fun-

qcionireba misadagebuli unda iqnes im adamianebis saWiroebebTan,
romelTac es dacva ekuTvniT:
sxvadasxva uwyebebma da samsaxurebma unda iTanamSromlon erT-

maneTTan im adamianebis saqmeebis ganxilvisas, romelTac so-
cialuri dacva ekuTvniT, da, amave dros, pativiscemiT unda
moepyron piradi monacemebis dacvis sakiTxs;
arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, Tu rogor miiReben umweo

adamianebs, gansakuTrebiT maTi pirveli vizitis dros, vinaidan
maTi ndoba dawesebulebebisadmi am vizitzea damokidebuli; ami-
tom personals unda Cautardes treningi profesiul da adami-
anebTan urTierTobis unar-CvevebSi;
personalis im warmomadgenlebis treningisas, romelTac adamia

nebTan uwevT urTierToba, yuradReba gansakuTrebiT unda gamax-
vildes diskriminaciis Tavidan acilebaze; personalma unda ico-
des gariyul adamianTa saWiroebebi. garda amisa, personals unda
Cautardes treningi kulturul sakiTxebSi im migrantebTan da
umciresobebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebTanac uwevs Sexeba;
socialuri dacvis uwyebebma da socialurma samsaxurebma unda

daiqiravon Tarjimnebi da Suamavlebi, aseve, Tu SesaZlebelia,
adamianebi im umciresobaTa rigebidan an migrantTa warmomav-
lobis qveynebidan, romlebTanac Sexeba uwevT, raTa gaaadvilon
aRniSnul pirebTan komunikacia.
3. socialuri dacvis uwyebebsa da socialur samsaxurebs akisriaT

pasuxismgebloba beneficiarebis winaSe da maT es gaTviTcnobiere-
buli unda hqondeT:
133
socialuri dacvis uwyebebma da socialurma samsaxurebma efe-

qtianad unda imuSaon am miznis misaRwevad droisa da Sedegebis
TvalsazrisiT;
unda Camoyalibdes meqanizmebi, raTa Sefasdes, socialuri dac-

vis uwyebebi da socialuri samsaxurebi am TvalsazrisiT Tavi-
anT funqciebs efeqtianad asruleben Tu ara.
III. socialuri dacvis uwyebebs, socialur samsaxurebs,

arasamTavrobo organizaciebsa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
sxva organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis gaumjobeseba
TanamSromloba farTo gagebiT unda iqnes gagebuli: TanamSrom-

loba samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenel organizaciebTan,
xelisuflebis adgilobriv organoebTan, partniorebTan socialur
sferoSi, kerZo seqtorTan, aseve TanamSromloba im adamianebTan,
romelTac socialuri daxmareba ekuTvniT, rac miznad isaxavs am
adamianebis monawileobis xelSewyobas.
1. xeli unda Seewyos yvela mxaris monawileobas:
xeli unda Seewyos gariyuli adamianebis monawileobas da maTi

azris gamoTqmas, gansakuTrebiT maTTan dakavSirebuli strate-
giisa da iniciativebis Taobaze;
aRiarebuli unda iqnes moxaliseTa muSaobis mniSvneloba: moxa-

liseebi CarTulni unda iqnen procesSi da axali zomebis Semo-
Rebisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes maTi gamocdileba;
aRiarebuli unda iqnes arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da samo-

qalaqo sazogadoebis sxva organizaciebis roli da mxari unda
daeWiros maT saqmianobas:
oficialurad unda iqnes aRiarebuli arasamTavrobo organiza-

ciebis arseboba;
xeli unda Seewyos da mxari daeWiros arasamTavrobo organiza-

ciebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis sxva organizaciebis saqmi-
anobas, Tumca maTi funqcia ar aris socialuri dacvis uwyebe-
bisa da socialuri samsaxurebis naklovanebebis gamosworeba;
socialuri dacvis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofisken mimar-

Tuli politikis SemuSavebisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes
arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
134
danarTi
sxva organizaciebis gamocdileba, gansakuTrebiT ki `sagangaSo

signalis~ maTi funqcia.
2. xeli unda Seewyos arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan da samo-

qalaqo sazogadoebis sxva organizaciebTan TanamSromlobas:
aucilebelia socialuri dacvis uwyebebsa da socialur sam-

saxurebs da arasamTavrobo organizaciebsa da samoqalaqo sa-
zogadoebis sxva organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis mxarda-
Wera, rac xels Seuwyobs urTierTqmedebas socialuri dacvis
sistemasa da moxaliseTa seqtors Soris;
socialuri dacvis sistemaSi reformebis gatarebisas maqsi-

malurad unda Seewyos xeli yvela partniorTan konsultacie-
bis Catarebas;
socialuri dacvis misawvdomobis gaumjobesebisken mimarTuli

zomebis ganxorcielebisa da Sefasebis procesSi arasamTavrobo
organizaciebi da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis sxva organizaciebi
partniorebad unda iqnen aRiarebulni.
135
danarTi IV
saxelmZRvanelo principebi dasaqmebis adgilobrivi

iniciativebisTvis
qvemoT CamoTvlili saxelmZRvanelo principebi dasaqmebis adgi-

lobrivi iniciativebisTvis moiwona dasaqmebaSi xelSewyobis ufle-
baze momuSave eqspertTa komitetma (CS-EM). am principebis Ziri-
Tadi mizania xangrZlivi umuSevrobis sakiTxis mogvareba.
adgilobrivi TanamSromloba
1. arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs dasaqmebis adgilobriv programebSi

TanamSromlobisadmi mravalmxriv da sxvadasxva mxaris monawileoba-
ze damyarebul midgomas. TanamSromlobam unda moicvas rac Sei-
Zleba meti organizacia, maT Soris xelisuflebis centraluri,
regionuli da adgilobrivi organoebi, organoebi, romelTac akis
riaT socialuri daxmarebis gacema, damsaqmebeli organizaciebi da
biznesis sferoSi momuSave organizaciebi, profesiuli kavSirebi,
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organiza-
ciebi, agreTve umuSevrebisa da eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomad-
geneli organizaciebi.
2. TanamSromlobam miznad unda daisaxos samuSao adgilebis Seqm-

nis erovnuli, regionuli da adgilobrivi programebis integraci-
isa da erTobis politikis xelSewyoba, rogoric aris dasaqmebisa
da Sromis bazris politikis koordinacia biznesTan, infrastruq-
turasa da ganviTarebasTan.
3. dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri adgilobrivi part-

niorobis warmatebisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs adekvatur da
stabilur dafinansebas.
Tanabari SesaZleblobebi mamakacebisa da qalebisaTvis
4. dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebul nebismier adgilobriv iniciativaSi

yuradReba unda gamaxvildes mamakacebisa da qalebisaTvis Tana-
bari SesaZleblobebis Seqmnaze.
5. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT SeWirvebul qa-

lebs, kerZod, im qalebs, romelTac ojaxebi an patara bavSvebi hyavT,
unda utardebodeT specialuri treningi da unda SeeZloT daxmare-
bis sxva iseT programebSi monawileoba, romlebic maT konkretul
136
danarTi
saWiroebebs gaiTvaliswinebs; kerZod, unda moewyos xelmisawvdomi da

kargi xarisxis dawesebulebebi maTi bavSvebisaTvis da a.S.
6. Sromis organizebis Sedegad uzrunvelyofili unda iqnes moq-

nili samuSao pirobebi qalebisa da mamakacebisaTvis, rogoric aris
arasruli samuSao dRe, raTa xeli Seewyos am adamianebis saWiroe-
bebs ojaxis movlis TvalsazrisiT.
SeWirvebuli jgufebis mimarT diskriminaciis ararseboba
7. dasaqmebis adgilobrivi programebis xelmisawvdomoba da maTSi

monawileoba unda moxdes unarSezRudulobis, eTnikuri warmomav-
lobis, asakisa Tu sxva formis diskriminaciis gareSe.
8. diskriminaciis dauSveblobis principis aRiarebiT zogjer

aucilebelia pozitiuri diskriminacia zogierTi jgufebis
sasargeblod miznobrivi programebis meSveobiT, maT xangrZliv
umuSevrobasTan brZolis mizniT.
9. dasaqmebis adgilobrivi iniciativebis SemuSavebisa da ganxor-

cielebis ganuyofeli nawili unda iyos adgilobrivi saSualebebis
_ treningis programebis, dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebuli konsulta-
ciebis, sacxovrebliT uzrunvelyofis, jandacvisa da socialuri
samsaxurebisa da a.S. _ xelmisawvdomobaSi Tanaswori SesaZle-
blobebis strategia.
mewarmeoba
10. maTi warmatebisTvis, visac sakuTari mcire biznesis wamowyeba

surs, arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs konsultaciebsa da trenings bi-
znesis, finansur, iuridiul, marketingisa da teqnikur sakiTxebSi,
marTvasa da personalze, aseve Sesabamisi adgilobrivi da saxelm-
wifo uwyebebis mxridan regularul mxardaWeras. damwyebi sawar-
moebisTvis aRniSnuli konsultaciebi ufasod an dabal fasad unda
iyos misawvdomi.
11. gansakuTrebuli mxardaWera da daxmareba unda gaewios moxali-

seebisa da TviTdaxmarebis proeqtebs, radgan isini xSirad ufro
kargad icnoben adgilobriv situacias da SeuZliaT daakmayofilon
adgilobrivi Temebis saWiroebebi, romlebsac ver akmayofileben
komerciuli kerZo seqtori da sajaro seqtoris organizaciebi.
12. nebismieri biznesis xangrZlivi warmatebisTvis aseve sasi

cocxlo mniSvneloba aqvs adekvaturi, xelmisawvdomi da stabi-
luri dafinansebis arsebobas. es dafinanseba advilad misawvdomi
137
unda iyos saxelmwifo wyaroebidan, komerciuli sabanko seqtori-

dan, sakredito kavSirebidan Tu dafinansebis sxva, alternatiuli
wyaroebidan an maTi kombinaciidan.
13. mewarmeebs unda miewodebodeT da xeli unda miuwvdebodeT in-

formaciaze maT uflebebsa da valdebulebebze gadasaxadebTan, so-
cialur dazRvevasa da SromiT kanonmdeblobasTan dakavSirebiT.
14. regularulad unda moxdes mewarmeobasTan dakavSirebuli pro-

gramebis monitoringi da Sefaseba. es iZleva cvalebad saWiroe-
bebsa da problemebTan mimarTebaSi sxvadasxva midgomebisa da me-
Todebis gamoyenebis saSualebas, aseve midgomebis sxva adgilebSi
danergvis SesaZleblobas e.w. `gaZlierebis efeqts~.
ganaTleba, treningi da swavla mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi
15. Sromis adgilobrivi bazris moTxovnebis Sesatyvis unar-Cveveb-

Si treningi da gadamzadeba sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis elementebia
dasaqmebis nebismieri adgilobrivi iniciativisTvis. magram adgi-
lobrivi ganaTlebisa da treningis strategiebi ver Camoyalibdeba
samuSao adgilebisa da biznesis ganviTarebis ufro farTo perspeq-
tivebisgan damoukideblad. Sesabamisad, aRniSnuli treningisa da
gadamzadebis organizebisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes samuSaos
cvalebadi xasiaTi da ganaTlebisa da treningis strategiebis Ziri
Tadi sazrunavi unda iyos is, rom treningis programebma miawodos
mSromelebs biznesis warmoebisTvis aucilebeli da teqnikuri un-
ar-Cvevebi, romlebic aseve gamosadegi iqneba erovnuli da msof-
lio masStabis Sromis bazrebis ufro farTo konteqstSi.
16. dasaqmebis xangrZlivi da stabiluri SesaZleblobebis Seqm-

nis saWiroebaze reagirebis TvalsazrisiT aucilebelia adgilo-
briv saganmanaTleblo da treningis mimwodebel dawesebulebebs,
dasaqmebis adgilobriv uwyebebs, xelisuflebis adgilobriv orga-
noebs, adgilobriv sawarmoebsa da socialur partniorTa warmo-
madgenlebs Soris TanamSromlobis gaumjobeseba ganaTlebisa da
treningis strategiebis CamoyalibebaSi arsebul resursebze da
konkretul adgilas da/an regionSi Sromis bazris moTxovnebze
dayrdnobiT.
17. ganaTlebisa da treningis yvela programaSi unda Sediodes

modulebi pirad da socialur unar-Cvevebze, samuSaos Ziebaze da
karieris dagegmvasa da ganviTarebaze, `mTeli sicocxlis ganmav-
lobaSi swavlisa~ da araoficialuri ganaTlebis principebis gaT-
valiswinebiT.
138
danarTi
18. mSromelebisTvis unda Seiqmnas SesaZleblobebi, raTa uzrun-

velyofili iqnes, rom maTi unar-Cvevebi da kvalifikacia akmay-
ofilebdes Sromis bazris mudmivad cvalebad moTxovnebs. es unda
gakeTdes treningis saxelmwifo strategiis meSveobiT, romel-
sac mxars dauWeren adgilobrivi partniorobebi da adgilobrivi
sawarmoebi. mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi swavla aucileblobas
warmoadgens im mSromelebisTvis, romelTac surT, fexi miadevnon
teqnologiebisa da bazrebis mudmivi cvlilebebis process.
19. ganaTlebisa da treningis yvela programaSi unda Sediodes

`mudmivi~ muSaobisa da samuSao gamocdilebis elementi, rogorc
samuSao ZalaSi monawileTa integraciis/reintegraciis saSualeba.
20. arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs im faqts, rom saxelmwifo samuSaoe-

bisa da sazogadoebrivi dasaqmebis programebSi Sediodes unar-
CvevebSi treningis elementi, raTa monawileebs mieceT programis
dasrulebis Semdeg samuSaos povnis SesaZlebloba.
monitoringi da Sefaseba
21. dasaqmebis adgilobrivi programebis struqturis farglebSi

CarTuli unda iqnes monitoringis SeTanxmebuli sistema. es pro-
cesi unda daefuZnos realistur miznebs; SesaZlebeli unda iyos
Sedegebis daTvla da im monacemebisa da informaciis uzrunvel
yofa, romelic gamodgeba momavali programebis SemuSavebasa da
ganxorcielebaSi. es gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes politikuri
kursis miRebis procesSi.
22. programis farglebSi SefasebaTa Sedegebis `benCmarqingis~ pro-

cesma erovnul da/an transnacionalur doneebze sxva proeqtebTan
SedarebiT unda uzrunvelyos sasargeblo monacemebi programebis
efeqtianobasTan dakavSirebiT da safuZvlad unda daedos mwiri
finansuri da adamianuri resursebis ufro efeqtian gamoyenebas.
23. dasaqmebis adgilobrivi programebis Sefasebis procesSi, pro-

gramebis efeqtianobis nebismieri Sefasebisas, moZiebuli da gaT-
valiswinebuli unda iqnes miznobrivi jgufebisa da monawile pire-
bis Sexedulebebi.
139
danarTi V
ministrTa komitetis
rekomendacia Rec(2001)12
wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis
marginalur garemoSi mcxovrebi adamianebis janmrTelobis dacvi-
sa da jandacvis samsaxurebze moTxovnasTan jandacvis samsaxurebis
misadagebis Sesaxeb
(miRebulia ministrTa komitetis mier 2001 wlis 10 oqtombers mi-

nistrTa moadgileebis 768-e sxdomaze)
ministrTa komiteti, evropis sabWos debulebis me-15 muxlis `b~

punqtis pirobebis safuZvelze,
iTvaliswinebs ra, rom evropis sabWos mizania mis wevrebs Soris

erTobis garRmaveba da rom am miznis miRweva SesaZlebelia, sxva
saSualebebTan erTad, jandacvis sferoSi saerTo wesebis miRebis
meSveobiT;
aRniSnavs ra, rom marginalur situaciebSi mcxovrebi adamianebis

raodenoba wevr saxelmwifoebSi mudmivad izrdeba;
iTvaliswinebs ra, rom marginalur garemoSi mcxovrebi adamianebis

problemebi seriozul zegavlenas axdens maT janmrTelobaze da
rom es sazogadoebrivi jandacvis mzardi mniSvnelobis problema
xdeba da mZime da ZviradRirebul tvirTad awveba calkeul adami-
anebs, ojaxs, sazogadoebasa da saxelmwifos;
aRiarebs ra, rom evropis qveynebSi adamianebis janmrTelobis

mdgomareobaSi mzardi uTanasworobis gamo nebismierma Sesabamisma
da efeqtianma jandacvis politikam ara marto marginalur garemo-
Si mcxovrebi adamianebis janmrTelobis problemebi unda gaiTva-
liswinos, aramed im adamianebisac, vinc mZime pirobebSi cxovrobs,
da janmrTelobis dacva aRniSnuli politikis erT-erT ZiriTad
komponentad unda iqces;
aRniSnavs ra, rom dRes ukve dadasturebulia, rom mZime pirobebSi

mcxovrebi adamianebis mier gancdili fsiqologiuri stresi zemo-
qmedebas axdens maT fizikur da fsiqikur janmrTelobaze;
aRiarebs ra marginalur garemoSi mcxovrebi adamianebisTvis jan-
140
danarTi
mrTelobis problemebis Tavidan asacileblad sagangebo strate-

giebis SemuSavebis aucileblobas da, amave dros, iTvaliswinebs ra
yvela am adamianis piradi cxovrebis dacvisa da konfidencialu-
robis pativiscemis saWiroebas;
aRiarebs ra mZime pirobebSi mcxovrebi adamianebis uflebas, ic-

xovron maTi saTanado ganviTarebis xelSemwyob pirobebSi, fiziku-
ri da fsiqologiuri gadatvirTvis, socialuri izolaciis, stre-
sTan dakavSirebuli fsiqosomaturi simptomebisa da aSlilobis
sxva formebis gareSe;
miuTiTebs ra janmrTelobis dacvis uflebis Sesaxeb evropis so-

cialuri qartiis me-11 muxlze da jandacvis Tanabari xelmisawv-
domobis Sesaxeb adamianis uflebebisa da biomedicinis Sesaxeb kon-
venciis me-3 muxlze;
miuTiTebs ra jandacvis reformebis Sesaxeb liublianis 1994 wlis

qartiaze da jandacvaSi socialuri uTanasworobis Semcirebis Se-
saxeb kopenhagenis 2000 wlis seqtembris deklaraciaze;
miuTiTebs ra wevri saxelmwifoebisTvis ministrTa komitetis #

Rec(2000)5 rekomendaciaze jandacvis sferosTan dakavSirebuli
gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi moqalaqeebisa da pacientebis
monawileobisTvis struqturebis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, # Rec(97)4 reko-
mendaciaze martoxela mSoblebis ojaxebSi janmrTelobis dacvisa
da xelSewyobis Sesaxeb da # Rec(98)7 rekomendaciaze sapatimroe-
bSi jandacvis eTikuri da saorganizacio aspeqtebis Sesaxeb;
aTviTcnobierebs ra, rom mZime pirobebSi mcxovrebi adamianebis

janmrTelobis problemebis Semcirebisken mimarTuli zomebi pir-
velad doneze umetesad damokidebulia situaciebze, romlebic
scildeba jandacvisa da socialuri samsaxurebis saqmianobis Cveu-
lebriv sferos;
aRniSnavs ra, rom saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis mizani da mo-

valeobaa, zemoqmedeba moaxdinon janmrTelobisTvis arsebul so-
cialur da ekonomikur winapirobebze, romlebic saboloo jamSi
gansazRvravs marginalur garemoSi mcxovrebi adamianebis jan-
mrTelobis uares mdgomareobas;
aRniSnavs ra, rom saxelmwifos movaleobaa, agreTve, uzrunvelyos,

rom jandacvasTan dakavSirebuli politika ise SemuSavdes, rom gai-
zardos janmrTelobis gaumjobesebis potenciali da Tavidan iqnes
acilebuli sxvadasxva uaryofiTi zegavlena janmrTelobaze;
141
iTvaliswinebs ra evropis sabWos proeqts adamianis Rirsebisa da

socialuri marginalizaciis Sesaxeb da helsinkis 1998 wlis konfe-
renciaze miRebul samoqmedo winadadebebs;
iTvaliswinebs ra jandacvis msoflio organizaciis iniciativas

jandacvisa da siRaribis sakiTxebSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb, evro-
komisiis rekomendacias èrTiani evropis mSeneblobis~ Sesaxeb da
Tanamegobrobis samoqmedo programas socialur gariyvasTan brZo-
lis mizniT evrokavSiris wevr saxelmwifoebs Soris TanamSromlo-
bis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb;
iTvaliswinebs ra evrokavSiris ZiriTad uflebaTa qartias,
rekomendacias uwevs wevr saxelmwifoebs, raTa maT:
i. SeimuSaon erTiani da yovlismomcveli politikuri baza, romelic:
daicavs da xels Seuwyobs mZime pirobebSi mcxovrebi adamianebis

janmrTelobas;
daicavs adamianis Rirsebas da Tavidan agvacilebs socialur

marginalizacias da diskriminacias;
uzrunvelyofs marginalur garemoSi an mZime pirobebSi mcxo

vrebi adamianebis socialuri integraciis xelSemwyob garemos;
ii. gaaumjobeson da ganaxorcielon TavianTi kanonmdebloba, raTa

uzrunvelyon adamianis uflebebis dacva, socialuri solidaroba
da Tanasworoba;
iii. gaaumjobeson TanamSromloba seqtorebs Soris, raTa gazar-

don TavianTi socialuri sistemebis unari, monawileoba miiRon
mZime pirobebSi mcxovrebi adamianebis janmrTelobis probleme-
bis prevenciaSi. am midgomis farglebSi mkafiod unda ganisaz-
Rvros sxvadasxva monawile uwyebisa da socialuri dawesebule-
bis rolebi, pasuxismgeblobebi da koordinacia maT Soris, raTa
Tavidan iqnes acilebuli aRniSnuli adamianebis Cavardna margi-
nalur garemoSi;
iv. daamkvidron jandacvis yovlismomcveli, efeqtiani da qme-

diTi sistemebi janmrTelobis problemebze drouli da adek-
vaturi reagirebis mizniT, raTa uzrunvelyon Tanasworoba da
jandacvis samsaxurebis Tanabari xelmisawvdomoba, jandacvis
sferoSi arsebuli saWiroebebisa da arsebuli resursebis gaT-
valiswinebiT, da raTa hqondeT SesaZlebloba, gansazRvron, Sea
142
danarTi
fason da moagvaron marginalur garemoSi mcxovrebi adamianebis

janmrTelobis problemebi.
v. am TvalsazrisiT, rodesac es SesaZlebeli iqneba, gaataron

winamdebare rekomendaciis danarTSi warmodgenili RonisZiebebi.
143
Rec(2001)12 rekomendaciis danarTi
I. principebi
mTavrobebs movuwodebT, jandacvis msoflio organizaciis mier ota-

vis 1986 wlis konferenciaze miRebuli principebis safuZvelze Sei-
muSaon socialuri/jandacvis politika, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebu-
li mZime pirobebSi cxovreba da, Sesabamisad, Semcirdes marginalur
situaciaSi Cavardnis saSiSroeba.
marginalur garemoSi an mZime pirobebSi mcxovrebi adamianebis saWi-

roebebisaTvis jandacvis samsaxurebis misadagebis procesSi wevr sa-
xelmwifoTa mTavrobebma unda gaiTvaliswinon Semdegi principebi:
1. politika unda emyarebodes evropis sabWos mier SemoTavazebul

faseulobebs: adamianis uflebebsa da pacientis uflebebs, adamianis
Rirsebas, socialur integracias, demokratias, Tanasworobas, so-
lidarobas, Tanaswor SesaZleblobebs mamakacebisa da qalebisaTvis,
monawileobas, arCevanis Tavisuflebas rac gawonasworebuli unda
iyos valdebulebiT, daxmareba gaewios adamianis mier sakuTari jan-
mrTelobis ganmtkicebas.
imisaTvis, rom efeqtiani iyos, jandacvis sferoSi nebismieri politi-

ka, gansakuTrebiT Tu is orientirebulia marginalur garemoSi mcxov
rebi adamianebis saWiroebebis dakmayofilebaze, unda daefuZnos er-
Tian midgomas da unda gulisxmobdes saqmianobis dawyebas socialuri
dacvis RonisZiebebiT. aRniSnul adamianebs unda mieceT minimaluri
regularuli Semosavali.
2. am adamianebis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisa da

marginalur situaciaSi maTi Cavardnis Tavidan acilebis erT-erTi
saukeTeso strategiaa (cxovrebis donis gaumjobesebis garda) so-
cialuri da jandacvis sistemebis Tanabari xelmisawvdomobis uz-
runvelyofa yvela adamianisTvis, miuxedavad maTi ekonomikuri da
samarTlebrivi statusisa. am dros gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes
is faqti, rom marginalur situaciaSi nebismier dros SeiZleba aR-
moCndnen axali jgufebi da adamianebi.
3. mTavrobebisa da sazogadoebebisTvis prioritetad unda iqces mar-

ginalur situaciebSi aRmoCenis riskis socialuri da ekonomikuri pre-
vencia.
144
danarTi
4. marginalur garemoSi an mZime pirobebSi mcxovrebi adamianebisT-

vis socialuri da jandacvis pirobebis gaumjobesebis grZelvadiani
strategia ver ganxorcieldeba am adamianebis monawileobisa da Tanx-
mobis gareSe. amitom saWiroa maTi miCneva pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse
adamianebad, romelTac SeswevT unari, ikisron pasuxismgebloba da ma-
qsimalurad CaerTon gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis procesSi.
5. stigmatizaciis Tavidan acilebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT wevrma

saxelmwifoebma grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi muSaobisas yvela Rone
unda ixmaron, raTa daakmayofilon marginalur garemoSi mcxovrebi
adamianebis saWiroebebi jandacvis arsebuli sistemebis farglebSi.
maT unda uzrunvelyon qveynis jandacvis resursebis Tanaswori xel-
misawvdomoba yvela adamianisaTvis, ramac SeiZleba moiTxovos pozi-
tiuri diskriminacia kargad gamiznuli RonisZiebebis formiT, rom-
lebic droSi da moculobiT SezRuduli iqneba da srulad CairTveba
jandacvis Cveulebrivi samsaxurebis saqmianobaSi.
6. ar arsebobs RaribebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli raime konkretuli daa-

vadeba. marginalur garemoSi mcxovrebi adamianebi imave daavadebebiT
avaddebian, rac mosaxleobis danarCeni nawili, magram araproporci-
ulad maRali maCveneblebiT.
7. socialurma da jandacvis politikam miznad unda daisaxos adami-

anebis gaRaribebisa da cudi janmrTelobis Tavidan acileba da es
sakiTxebi ara marto jandacvisa da socialur seqtorebs exeba. yvela-
nairi politika unda Sefasdes socialur integraciaze, socialur
gariyvasa da janmrTelobaze maTi zegavlenis TvalsazrisiT. es gu-
lisxmobs seqtorTaSoris moqmedebas da yvelanairi politikis, maT
Soris ekonomikuri da savaWro politikis, pasuxismgeblobas adamia
nebis socialuri keTildReobis, janmrTelobis, samarTlianobisa da
marginalizaciis TvalsazrisiT.
8. jandacvis sistemebi unda emyarebodes samarTlianobas, romelic

uzrunvelyofs janmrTelobaze zrunvis misawvdomobas saWiroebis
mixedviT da janmrTelobaze zrunvis dafinansebas miuxedavad gadax-
disunarianobisa.
9. prevenciis, janmrTelobis xelSewyobisa da jandacvis RonisZiebebi

marginalur garemoSi an mZime pirobebSi mcxovrebi adamianebisTvis
socialuri/jandacvis saxelmwifo da adgilobrivi politikis ganu-
yofeli nawili unda iyos.
10. Rarib pirobebSi moxvedrili bavSvebi gansakuTrebiT umweoni

arian, amitom mTavrobebma sagangebo yuradReba unda miapyron maT,
raTa uzrunvelyon, rom bavSvebma sargebloba miiRon socialuri/
145
jandacvis sxvadasxva konkretuli preneciuli politikis Sedegad.
11. mTavrobebma unda gansazRvron arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone

naklovanebebi da barierebi - samarTlebrivi, socialuri, ekonomiku-
ri, kulturuli, administraciuli da/an fizikuri barierebi - jan-
dacvis momsaxurebaSi. am naklovanebebis aRmosafxvrelad unda gan-
xorcieldes iniciativebi da programebi, vinaidan isini xSirad zrdis
uTanasworobas.
12. unda SemuSavdes saTanado strategiebi, raTa moxdes jandacvis

sistemis misadageba marginalur garemoSi an mZime pirobebSi mcxovre-
bi adamianebis saWiroebebTan. aRniSnuli strategiebis Semdgomi da-
muSavebisa da ganxorcielebis procesSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes
socialur uTanasworobasTan brZolis saqmeSi samoqalaqo sazogadoe-
bisa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis gadamwyveti roli.
II. socialuri /jandacvis erTiani politikis SemuSaveba
socialuri/jandacvis erTiani politikis SemuSaveba otavis qartiis

safuZvelze gulisxmobs zomebs, romlebic aSkarad scdeba mxolod
jandacvis seqtoris SesaZleblobebs (`ZiriTadi pirobebi da resursebi
janmrTelobisTvis aris mSvidoba, sacxovrebeli, ganaTleba, sakvebi,
Semosavali, stabiluri ekosistema, stabiluri resursebi, socialuri
samarTlianoba da Tanasworoba. janmrTelobis xelSemwyobi qmedeba
niSnavs jansaRi sajaro politikis SemuSavebas, xelSemwyobi garemos
Seqmnas, sazogadoebrivi qmedebis ganmtkicebas, piradi unar-Cvevebis
ganviTarebas, jandacvis samsaxurebis reorientacias~). es zomebi da-
mokidebuli unda iyos erovnul da regionul pirobebze da maTSi Sei-
Zleba Sevides (sxva sakiTxebTan erTad):
savaldebulo ganaTleba, maT Soris jandacvis sferoSi ganaTleba

adreuli asakidan;
garemo, romelic uzrunvelyofs Sesatyvis samuSao adgilebs da

profesiul samuSaoebs;
Rirseuli sacxovrebeli; da
sxva zomebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs damakmayofilebel so-

cialur dacvas.
amJamad socialuri integraciis komiteti ixilavs am sakiTxebs, raTa

SeimuSaos yovlismomcveli rekomendacia socialuri daxmarebisa da
momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobis Taobaze.
146
danarTi
jandacvaSi prioritetuli mizani unda iyos imis uzrunvelyofa, rom

jandacvis samsaxurebi yvela adamianisTvis misawvdomi da finansura-
dac xelmisawvdomi iyos.
Camoyalibebuli da ganxorcielebuli unda iqnes jandacvis politi-

ka pirveladi jandacvis sistemis gaumjobesebis mizniT, raTa SesaZ-
lebeli iyos ukeT reagireba sxvadasxva socialuri da kulturuli
jgufebis saWiroebebze. garda amisa, am politikam unda uzrunvelyos
Sesatyvisi xarisxis momsaxureba yvela adamianisTvis, maT Soris jan-
dacvis momwodeblebisTvis.
yuradReba unda mieqces prevenciuli jandacvis specialuri stra-

tegiis SemuSavebas gansakuTrebiT umweo adamianebisaTvis, maT Soris
umuSevari adamianebisa da maTi ojaxebisaTvis, axalgazrda martoxela
mSoblebis ojaxebisaTvis, unarSezRudulebisTvis, ltolvilebisTvis,
migrantebisa da patimrebisaTvis. sagangebo yuradReba unda mieqces
fsiqikuri janmrTelobis problemebs, romlebic xSirad aqvT xolme
socialur-ekonomikuri daucvelobis, siRaribisa da gariyvis piro-
bebSi mcxovreb adamianebs.
janmrTelobis dacvis programebi unda gavrceldes marginalur gare-

moSi mcxovreb adamianebze, maTi dagegmva am adamianebTan TanamSromlo-
biT unda moxdes da isini am adamianebisTvis misaRebi unda iyos.
maSin, roca miznobrivi qmedebis farglebSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda

iyos yvela asakobrivi jgufi, yuradReba sagangebod unda gamaxvildes
sicocxlis Zalze adreul etapze Casaxvidan skolis asakamde.
yvela bavSvisTvis SesaZlebeli unda iyos imunizaciis sruli pro-

gramis gavla da maT Tanabrad unda miuwvdebodeT xeli pedia-
triul momsaxurebaze, aseve yvela qalma unda miiRos antenata-
luri, samSobiaro da postnataluri zrunva jandacvis saTanado
dawesebulebebSi.
yvela adamianisTvis, miuxedavad maTi ekonomikuri, socialuri da

kulturuli statusisa, SesaZlebeli unda iyos skriningisa da rea-
bilitaciis Catareba. uzrunvelyofili unda iqnes unarSezRuduli
adamianebisTvis jandacvis yvela dawesebulebaSi moxvedris (fizikuri
xelmisawvdomobis) SesaZlebloba.
yvela adamians Tanabrad unda miuwvdebodes xeli samkurnalo mom-

saxurebaze, maT Soris meorad da mesame rigis saavadmyofoSi mkur-
nalobaze, sadac, Cveulebriv, xvdebian xolme marginalur garemoSi
mcxovrebi adamianebi janmrTelobis gadaudebeli problemebis gamo.
147
III. Tanasworobis garantirebisken mimarTuli konkretuli Ronis-

Ziebebis SemuSaveba
marginalur garemoSi an mZime pirobebSi mcxovrebi adamianebisTvis

jandacvis samsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobis gaumjobesebisken mimarTuli
konkretuli RonisZiebebis SemuSavebisa da ganxorcielebisas mTavro-
bebma sagangebo yuradReba unda miapyron am adamianebis stigmatizaciis
risks. garda amisa, da vinaidan mizans warmoadgens yvela adamianisTvis
jandacvis momsaxurebis Tanabari xelmisawvdomoba, garkveuli perio-
dis ganmavlobaSi SesaZlebelia pozitiuri diskriminaciis RonisZiebe-
bis gatareba da maTi CarTva jandacvis Cveulebriv sistemaSi.
1. jandacvis prevenciuli, xelSemwyobi da samkurnalo momsaxurebisa

da programebis misawvdomoba
unda Camoyalibdes regionuli/adgilobrivi sistemebi marginalur

garemoSi mcxovrebi adamianebis identificirebis mizniT;
yuradReba unda gamaxvildes pirveladi jandacvis samsaxurebis

qselze marginalur garemoSi mcxovrebi adamianebisTvis jandacvis
xelmisawvdomi momsaxurebis uzrunvelsayofad;
adgilobriv doneze unda Camoyalibdes jandacvis prevenciuli da

xelSemwyobi samsaxurebi, romelTa saqmianoba yuradRebas sagange-
bod gaamaxvilebs marginalur garemoSi mcxovreb adamianebze;
jandacvis gadaudebeli momsaxureba ar unda iyos damokidebuli

winaswar gadaxdaze, is garantirebuli unda iyos miuxedavad adami-
anis SesaZleblobisa, gadaixados misi safasuri;
xeli unda Seewyos novatorul saorganizacio midgomebs, romlebic

miznad isaxavs jandacvis momsaxurebis moqnilobis gazrdas (muSao-
bis mosaxerxebeli saaTebi, vizitze telefoniT Cawera da a.S.);
sagangebo zomebi unda iqnes miRebuli jandacvis sabaziso momsaxu-

rebis dasafinanseblad aralegalurad mcxovrebi adamianebisTvis;
marginalur garemoSi an mZime pirobebSi mcxovrebi adamianebi xSi-

rad naklebad informirebulni arian. unda gaumjobesdes komuni-
kacia, raTa maT miewodoT informacia arsebuli programebisa da
samsaxurebis Sesaxeb, agreTve imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor SeZleben isi-
ni am programebiTa da samsaxurebiT sargeblobas.
jandacvis sferos muSakebma unda imoqmedon advokatebis saxiT

marginalur garemoSi an mZime pirobebSi mcxovrebi adamianebisT-
148
danarTi
vis, romelTac zogadad naklebad miuwvdebaT xolme xeli jandac-

vis momsaxurebaze. es roli SeiZleba gulisxmobdes xelisuflebis,
politikosebisa da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis winaSe lobirebas
aRniSnuli adamianebisTvis jandacvis momsaxurebis misawvdomobis
gaumjobesebasTan dakavSirebiT.
uzrunvelyofili unda iyos jandacva aralegalurad mcxovrebi

adamianebisTvis maTi anonimurobis dacviT.
2. mosaxleobis specifikuri jgufebi
jandacvis momsaxureba uzrunvelyofili unda iyos yvela adamianis-

Tvis, magram sagangebo yuradReba unda mieqces mZime pirobebSi mcxovreb
adamianebs da am dros Tavidan unda iqnes acilebuli stigmatizacia.
mZime pirobebSi mcxovreb qalebSi ufro xSiria naadrevi mSobiaro-

ba da perinataluri avadoba, amitom orsulobisa da perinataluri
periodis ganmavlobaSi isini unda sargeblobdnen sagangebo so-
cialuri/jandacviTi dakvirvebiT;
socialuri/ojaxuri risk-faqtorebis matarebeli bavSvebi so-

cialuri/jandacvis samsaxurebis mxridan sagangebo yuradRebas
unda Rebulobdnen;
ekonomikuri da/an socialuri problemebis mqone ojaxebma unda

miiRon daxmareba bavSvebis ganaTlebaSi; aqcenti unda gakeTdes
uSualod beneficiari bavSvebis sasargeblod mimarTul zomebze
(saganmanaTleblo vauCerebi, sakvebis talonebi da a.S.);
specifikuri socialuri/jandacvis momsaxureba unda ganxorciel-

des adgilobriv doneze ojaxuri/socialuri risk-faqtorebis
matarebeli axalgazrdebisaTvis; yuradReba unda gamaxvildes in-
formaciaze ojaxis dagegmvasTan, sqesobrivi gziT gadamdeb daa-
vadebebTan, aiv/Sids-Tan, trefikingis SemTxvevebTan, TviTmkv-
lelobasTan, narkomaniasTan, alkoholis moxmarebasTan da a.S.
dakavSirebiT. regularulad unda Semowmdes am axalgazrdebis zo-
gadi fizikuri da fsiqo-socialuri janmrTeloba.
socialurma/jandacvis samsaxurebma sagangebo yuradReba unda mi-

apyron unarSezRuduli adamianebis saWiroebebs, miuxedavad maTi
unarSezRudulobis warmomavlobisa;
sagangebo yuradReba unda mieqces marginalur garemoSi mcxovrebi,

qronikuli daavadebebis, aseve nivTierebaTa cvlis darRvevebis an
nevrologiuri paTologiebis mqone adamianebis saWiroebebs;
149
SemoRebuli unda iqnes profesiuli jandacva gansakuTrebiT saxi-

faTo samuSao adgilebze;
sapatimroebSi mcxovrebma adamianebma da koleqtiur dawesebu-

lebebSi mcxovrebma maTma Svilebma unda isargeblon iseTive kar-
gi xarisxis jandacvis momsaxurebiT, rogorc sapatimros gareT
myofma adamianebma;
mosaxleobis naklebad privilegirebuli jgufebisaTvis, maT Soris

ltolvilebisTvis, cota xnis migrantebisTvis da a.S. yuradReba
unda mieqces janmrTelobis specifikur kulturul aspeqts. zo-
gierT ZiriTad socialur/jandacvis samsaxurSi unda iyvnen mosax-
leobis aRniSnuli jgufebidan gamosuli specialistebi;
Temebis farglebSi SemoRebuli unda iqnes mZime pirobebSi mcxov

rebi xandazmuli adamianebis janmrTelobis dacva sagangebod momz-
adebuli socialur/jandacvis muSakebis mier;
alkoholikebisa da narkomanebisaTvis misawvdomi unda iyos specia-

lizebuli momsaxureba.
IV. mZime pirobebSi mcxovrebi adamianebis janmrTelobis Sesaxeb

codnis gaumjobeseba
mTavrobebma sagangebo yuradReba unda miapyron mZime pirobebSi mcxo-

vrebi adamianebis janmrTelobisa da maTi specifikuri saWiroebebis
Sesaxeb codnis gaumjobesebas. aucilebelia, dainergos saerTo gan-
sazRvrebebze dayrdnobiT standartizebuli da Sedarebadi monace-
mebis Segroveba. jandacvisa da socialuri maCveneblebi erTad unda
dajgufdes. SemoRebuli unda iqnes monitoringisa da dakvirvebis sis-
tema, romlis Sedegadac momzaddeba regularuli, Tu SesaZlebelia,
yovelwliuri angariSebi qveynis da evropis doneebze. rekomendebu-
lia Semdegi zomebis gatareba:
1. sainformacio sistema
erovnul/adgilobriv doneebze unda daarsdes socialur/jandac-

vis sistemaSi mimdinare movlenebze dakvirvebis centri, romelic
Seagrovebs, daamuSavebs da gaavrcelebs sarwmuno informacias
mZime pirobebSi mcxovrebi adamianebis socialuri/janmrTelobis
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb;
regularulad mogrovebuli monacemebi unda Seicavdes rogorc

socialur da ekonomikur indikatorebs, ise jandacvis samsaxure-
bis xelmisawvdomobis indikatorebs;
150
danarTi
diskriminaciis Tavidan acilebisa da adamianebis dacvis uzrun-

velyofis mizniT saWiroa monacemTa anonimurobis sruli pativis-
cema;
unda Catardes perioduli da regularuli gamokiTxvebi ama Tu im

problemisaTvis samsaxurebis gamoyenebis ukeT Sefasebis mizniT;
unda moewyos regionuli/adgilobrivi konferenciebi informaciis

mogrovebisa da gavrcelebis mizniT;
informaciis gacnoba unda SeeZloT rogorc socialur/jandacvis

muSakebs, ise sazogadoebas;
xelSemwyobi garemos Seqmnis mizniT identificirebuli unda iqnes

TemSi arsebuli qselebi.
2. kvleva
kvleviTma programebma yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos Semdeg sakiTxebze:
jandacvis sxvadasxva strategiisa da programis Sefaseba Semdegi

parametrebiT: fasi/dawesebuleba, fasi/sargebloba da fasi/efe-
qtianoba, raTa gaumjobesdes jandacvis momsaxurebis xelmisawv-
domoba mZime pirobebSi mcxovrebi adamianebisTvis;
strategiebis, programebisa da saqmianobis monitoringisa da Sefa-

sebisaTvis Sesabamisi indikatorebis SerCeva;
riskis winaSe myofi adamianebisa da marginalur garemoSi mcxovre-

bi adamianebis janmrTelobis mdgomareoba da saWiroebebi;
xarisxobrivi gamokiTxvebi jandacvis aRqmasTan da jandacvis xel-

misawvdomobisTvis arsebul dabrkolebebTan dakavSirebiT;
individualuri istoriebis Seswavla drois sxvadasxva momentSi

imisaTvis, rom dadgindes, Tu rogor Cavardnen adamianebi margi-
nalur situaciaSi, da am situaciebidan maTi daxsnis strategiebis
Seswavla;
sagangebo yuradReba unda miepyros srulwlovani axalgazrdebis

janmrTelobis mdgomareobas da saWiroebebs;
gansxvavebebi faseulobebSi, socialuri daxmarebis qselebi, pozi-

tiuri da negatiuri gamocdileba jandacvis samsaxurebTan dakav-
SirebiT;
151
socialuri distancia sxvadasxva jgufebsa da jandacvis sferos

muSakebs Soris;
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier Catarebuli RonisZiebebis

roli da zegavlena;
rogor xdeba jandacvis dawesebulebebis modificireba margi-

nalur garemoSi mcxovreb adamianTa jgufebis saWiroebaTa dasak-
mayofileblad.
V. centralur da adgilobriv doneebze administraciisa da jan-

dacvis sferos/socialuri muSakebis qcevis cvlileba
imisaTvis, rom daxmareba gaewioT centralur da adgilobriv donee-

bze administracias da jandacvis sferos/socialur muSakebs mZime
pirobebSi mcxovrebi adamianebis jandacvis saWiroebebze maTi reagi-
rebis misadagebaSi, rekomendebulia Semdegi sakiTxebi:
1. strategia
unda gamoqveyndes marginalur garemoSi mcxovreb adamianTa jan-

mrTelobis dacvisa da jandacvis xelSewyobis strategia. am stra-
tegiis formulirebas safuZvlad unda daedos yvela potenciur
partniors da, rodesac es SesaZlebelia, farTo sazogadoebas So-
ris konsensusi;
strategiis ganxorcieleba unda daemyaros seqtorebs Soris Ta-

namSromlobis midgomas da unda xdebodes misi zemoqmedebis siste-
maturi monitoringi da Sefaseba;
xeli unda Seewyos jandacvis administraciasa da socialur samsa-

xurebs Soris urTierTqmedebis xelaxla Sefasebas;
adgilobriv doneze strategiis gansaxorcieleblad gamoyenebuli

unda iqnes arasamTavrobo organizaciebis gamocdileba da SesaZ-
leblobebi;
unda gamoicados da SemuSavdes instrumentebi mZime pirobebSi mcxov

rebi adamianebis CasarTavad jandacvis samsaxurebis Camoyalibebisa
da organizebis Taobaze gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis procesSi;
2. profesiuli praqtika
adgilobriv doneze unda moewyos regularuli Sexvedrebi admi-

nistraciis personals, socialuri/jandacvis sferos muSakebs da
152
danarTi
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebs Soris marginalur

garemoSi mcxovrebi jgufebis/adamianebis jandacvis saWiroebebze
reagirebisTvis;
marginalur garemoSi mcxovrebi srulwlovani axalgazrdebisTvis

unda daarsdes axali socialuri profesiebi maT mosamzadeblad
maT sakuTar TemebSi samuSaod.
3. treningi
jandacvis sferosa da socialuri muSakebis, gansakuTrebiT ki

momavali eqimebis sauniversiteto kursis saswavlo programaSi
yuradReba unda gamaxvildes iseT disciplinebze, rogoric aris
sazogadoebrivi jandacva, epidemiologia (gansakuTrebiT arainfe-
qciuri daavadebebi), jandacvis xelSewyoba, sociologia da jan-
dacvis sferos ekonomika;
unda ganxorcieldes saxelmwifo saaspiranto programebi, romel-

Ta farglebSi yuradReba gamaxvildeba umweo socialuri jgufe-
bisa da adamianebis mimarT specifikur midgomebze, prevenciul
qmedebebze, sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis strategiebze da Temis
doneze jandacvis saWiroebebis identifikaciis aradiskriminaci-
ul meTodebze;
treningis programebi organizebuli unda iqnes rogorc jandac-

vis, ise ganaTlebis sferos muSakebisaTvis skolebSi janmrTelobis
problemebis adreul etapze gamovlenis mizniT;
unda momzaddes specialuri programebi socialuri/jandacvis/

ganaTlebis sferos muSakebisaTvis, raTa maTi yuradReba gamaxvil-
des Raribi, umuSevari adamianebis, ltolvilebisa da msgavsi kate-
goriis adamianebis specifikur saWiroebebze;
sabaziso doneebze momuSave muSakebs da arasamTavrobo organi-

zaciebs xeli unda SeewyoT, raTa mniSvnelovani roli Seasru-
lon aRniSnul treningis programebSi.
153
danarTi VI
socialuri uflebebis misawvdomobis Sesaxeb saangariSo

dokumentze momuSave saredaqcio jgufis (CS-ASR) Semadgenloba 1
Mr Jean-Michel Belorgey b-ni Jan-miSel belorJe

Conseiller dEtat saxelmwifo mrCeveli
Responsable de la Cellule de saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis ganyo-
coopration internationale filebis xelmZRvaneli
Section du rapport et des tudes angariSgebisa da swavlebis departa-
Conseil dEtat menti
Paris saxelmwifo sabWo
France parizi, safrangeTi
Mr Willy Cassiers b-ni vili kasiersi

Assistant TanaSemwe
Centre interdisciplinaire droits ZiriTadi uflebebis socialuri kavSi-
fondamentaux et lien social ris dargTaSorisi centri
Facults universitaire Notre-Dame notr-damis universitetis fakulteti
Namur namuri
Belgium belgia
Ms Mary Daly q-ni meri deili

Professor profesori
School of Sociology and Social sociologiisa da socialuri politi-
Policy kis skola
Queens University quinzis universiteti
Belfast belfasti
Northern Ireland CrdiloeTi irlandia
Mr Franois Paul Debionne b-ni fransua pol debioni

ATD-Quart Monde ATD-Quart Monde
Dlgu adjoint auprs du evropis sabWoSi warmomadgenlis moad-
Conseil de lEurope gile
Responsable du regroupement jandacvis jgufis xelmZRvaneli
sant strasburgi
Strasbourg safrangeTi
France
Mr Joe Gerada b-ni jo gerada

Chief Executive Officer APPOGG aRmasrulebeli direqtori APPOGG
for Children, Families and the bavSvebi, ojaxebi da Temebi
Community floriana
Floriana Vlt malta
Malta
1. anbanuri rigis mixedviT
154
danarTi
Ms Srna Mandic q-ni srna mandiki

International Relations Depart- saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa departa-
ment Faculty for Social Sciences menti sociologiis fakulteti
Institute for Social Sciences sociologiis instituti
Ljubljana liubliana
Slovenia slovenia
Mr Peter Melvyn b-ni peter melvini

European Centre for Social Wel- socialuri uzrunvelyofis politikisa
fare Policy and Research da kvlevis evropuli centri
Vienna vena
Austria avstria
Mr M. Michel Mercadie b-ni m. miSel merkadi

Vice-Prsident vice-prezidenti
Fdration europenne des usaxlkaroebTan momuSave pirTa aso-
associations travaillant avec les ciaciebis evropuli federacia
sans-abri (FEANTSA) briuseli
Bruxelles belgia
Belgium
Mr Christopher Murray b-ni qristofer merei

Head of Customer Information socialuri, sazogadoebrivi da sao-
Department of Social, Community jaxo saqmeebis momxmarebelTa infor-
and Family Affairs maciis departamentis ufrosi
Dublin dublini
Ireland irlandia
Mr Kevin OKelly b-ni qevin oqeli

Research Manager kvlevis menejeri
European Foundation for the Im- sacxovrebeli da samuSao pirobebis
provement of Living and Working gaumjobesebis evropuli fondi
Conditions dublini
Dublin irlandia
Ireland
Ms Annelise Oeschger q-ni anliz eSgeri

ATD-Quart Monde ATD-Quart Monde
Dlgue auprs du Conseil de warmomadgeneli evropis sabWoSi
lEurope fraiburgi
Freiburg germania
Germany
Mr Antonas Pimpe b-ni antonas pimpe

Chief Deputy of Labour Market Sromis bazrisa da Tanaswori SesaZle-
and Equal Opportunities Division blobebis qvedanayofis ufrosis moad-
Ministry of Social Security and gile
Labour socialuri uzrunvelyofisa da Sromis
Vilnius saministro
Lithuania vilniusi, litva
155
Mr Ivan Tosics b-ni ivan tosiqsi

Metropolitan Research Institut metropolitenis kvleviTi instituti
Budapest budapeSti, ungreTi
Hungary
Ms Gunilla Zackari q-ni gunila zakari

Ministry of Education and Science ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro
Stockholm stokholmi
Sweden SvedeTi
156
danarTi
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socialuri uflebebis

angariSi momzadebulia meri deilis mier,

miRebulia socialuri integraciis evropuli

socialuri integraciis evropuli komiteti

evropis sabWos gamomcemloba

am naSromSi gamoxatuli Sexedulebebi avtors ekuTvnis da ar

yvela ufleba daculia. dauSvebelia am gamocemis romelime nawi-

evropis sabWos gamomcemloba

socialuri uflebebi erT-erTia im safuZvelTagan, romlebze

am angariSSi ganxilulia is ZiriTadi problemebi, romlebic unda

socialuri uflebebis urTierTdamokidebulebis xazgasmiT an-

garda maTi eTikuri dasabuTebisa, saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi so-

angariSi kidev erTxel adasturebs evropaSi socialuri uflebe-

ganviTarebis midgomis xelSewyobis saWiroebas, rogorc amisaken

minda madloba movaxseno am angariSis avtors da angariSis

imedi maqvs, rom socialuri uflebebis xorcSesxmis aucilebel

socialuri uflebebi mudam gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis sakiT

swored amitom aris socialuri uflebebis uzrunvelyofa, rogorc

1997 wlis oqtomberSi evropis sabWos meore samitze strasburgSi

ministrTa komitetis mier gadadgmuli pirveli nabiji iyo axali

evropis sabWos socialuri integraciis strategiis erT-erTi Zi-

socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis sakiTxis sxvadasxva sfe-

eqspertebi evropis sabWos ramdenime wevri saxelmwifodan, arasam-

angariSi socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb aerTia-

evropaSi socialuri uflebebis xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb angari-

socialuri integraciis evropulma komitetma evropaSi socialu-

1. winamdebare angariSis II-V danarTebi.

adamianis socialurma uflebebma gamokveTili roli iTamaSa evro-

evropis sabWo imyofeba socialuri moqalaqeobis axleburi xed-

ciis strategia, romlisgan momavali erT-erTi impulsi sabWos

aqedan gamomdinare, socialuri integracia da socialuri ufle-

angariSi ZiriTadad efuZneba specialistTa Semdegi jgufebis na-

winamdebare angariSis konkretuli amocanebia:

1. specialistTa sami jgufi da eqspertTa erTi komiteti angariSSi zogadad moxse-

im xelisSemSleli faqtorebis analizi, romlebic winaaRmde-

angariSis gansakuTrebuli mizania, warmoaCinos socialuri uf-

angariSSi ganxilulia ori ZiriTadi Tema. pirvel SemTxvevaSi xaz-

ganmartebebi da moqmedebis sfero

miuxedavad imisa, rom socialuri uflebebis ganmartebisa da in-

angariSSi gamoyenebuli meTodologia emyareba dokumenturi in-

evropa heterogenuli zonaa. evropis sabWo organizebas uwevs or-

amitomac am angariSis umTavresi amocana mravalferovnebis asaxvaa.

angariSi Sedgeba xuTi nawilisagan. pirvel TavSi yuradReba ga-

1.1. socialuri uflebebis ganviTareba evropaSi

evropaSi socialuri uflebebis qvakuTxedad iqca ori ZiriTadi

erovnul konstituciaSi Cadebuli Tu socialuri uzrunvelyofiT

socialuri uflebebis meore fuZemdebluri principi saerTaSori-

rodesac evropis socialuri qartia gaixsna xelmosawerad 1961

dasaqmeba (muSaobis ufleba) qartiis centralur Temad SeiZleba

aris janmrTelobis dacvis ufleba, socialuri dazRvevis ufleba,

migranti mSromelebisa da maTi ojaxebis socialuri uflebebis

1996 wels evropis socialuri qartiis Sesworebuli varianti gaixs-

Sesworebuli qartiis mizani iyo cvalebadi socialuri pirobebisa

muSaTa warmomadgenlebi aseve daculni arian maTTvis saziano

qartiis Tavdapirvel da Sesworebul variantebSi gamoyenebuli

saxurebis SemTxvevaSi calkeuli adamianebisa da nebayoflobiTi

socialur uflebebze muSaoba sxva organoebSic mimdinareobda. ma-

kidev erTi mniSvnelovani miRweva socialuri uflebebis sfe-