16 Digital Calibration of Analog Circuits and Systems The total foldover noise is [6]: sin(xfT 7) Spd) Sof aT a= 1+ 2h.Tag]1+ w(r.t4.)]} = (2.6) AZ Replacing equations 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6 in 2.3 allows to calculate the resulting noise level S47 after autozero. Figures 12 and 13 present the normalized plots of the resulting S,7 and original S, noise power spectrum for two different amplifier bandwidths: 5 and 50 times the autozero frequency respectively. On both plots, the white noise floor is located at 0 dB on the y-axis. The resulting noise spectrum after autozero in the baseband (below 10" on the x-axis) is almost flat and clearly shows that the 1/f noise is cancelled. On the other hand, the amplitude of the noise floor in the baseband is higher than the white noise floor. This is caused by the foldover of both white and I/f noise. The total amount of foldover noise depends on the amplifier band- width: The smaller the bandwidth, the less noise is aliased in the baseband. For this reason, f,7 should not be chosen much smaller than f,. On the other hand, to allow sufficient settling time for the voltage on the sampling capaci- tor, one should choose [9]: i fest 2.7) Figure 12 shows the result of the choice of an optimal f,/f,z ratio, whereas figure 13 corresponds to a suboptimal one. 100.0 [5] [48] 8 o Figure 12. Resulting noise with autozero and small amplifier bandwidth fe Sig)