BI LUN

NGHIP V GIAO NHN HNG HA BNG NG HNG KHNG

TRONG HOT NG XUT KHU

I. KHI QUT CHUNG V NGHIP V GIAO NHN TRONG HOT

NG NGOI THNG:
1Giao nhn v ngi giao nhn:
1.1 Khi nim giao nhn:
c im ni bt ca bun bn quc t l ngi mua v ngi bn nhng nc
khc nhau. Sau khi hp ng bun bn c k kt, l lc ngi bn phi giao
hng cho ngi mua. hng n tay ngi mua, cn phi tin hnh hng lot cc
cng vic cn thit nh: ng gi, bao b, lu kho a hng ra cng,..., nhng
cng vic gi l dch v giao nhn.
Giao nhn l tp hp nhng nghip v, th tc c lin quan n qu trnh vn ti
nhm thc hin vic di chuyn hng ho t ni gi hng(ngi gi hng) n ni
nhn hng(ngi nhn hng).
1.2Dch v giao nhn v ngi giao nhn:
Theo lut thng mi Vit Nam, dch v giao nhn hng ho l hnh vi thng
mi, theo ngi lm dch v giao nhn hng ho nhn hng t ngi gi, t
chc vn chuyn, lu kho, lu bi , lm cc th tc giy t v cc dch v khc c
lin quan giao hng cho ngi nhn theo s u thc ca c hng, ca ngi vn
ti hay ca ngi giao nhn khc.
Ngi kinh doanh dch v giao nhn gi l ngi giao nhn. Ngi giao nhn c
th l ch hng, ch tu, cng ty xp d hay kgo hng, ngi giao nhn chuyn
nghip hay bt k mt ngi no khc c kinh doanh dch v giao nhn. Theo lut
thng mi Vit Nam th ngi lm dch v giao nhn hng ho phi l thng
nhn c giy nhn ng k kinh doanh dch v giao nhn hng ho.
Trc y ngi lm giao nhn ch lm i l thc hin mt s cng vic ca nh
xut khu, nhp klhu u thc nh: xp d, lu kho hng ho, lm th tc giy t
lo liu vn ti ni a, th tc thanh ton tin hng.
2. Phm vi hot ng ca dch v giao nhn:
Trc y ngi lm giao nhn ch lm i l thc hin mt s cng vic ca nh
xut khu, nhp khu u thc nh: xp d, lu kho hng ho, lm th tc giy t
lo liu vn ti ni a, th tc thanh ton tin hng. Ngy nay cng vi qu trnh
cng nghip ho, hin i ho cng vi s tc ng ca t do ho thng mi
quc t, do phm vi hot ng ca cc dch v giao nhn c m rng hn.
ng trn gic ca mt ngi giao nhn h c th lm cc dch v mt cch
trc tip hay thng qua i l hay thu dch v ca nhng ngi th ba khc.
nhng dch v m ngi giao nhn c th tin hnh l:
Chun b hng ho chuyn ch,
T chc hng ho chuyn ch trong phm vi ga, cng, sn bay.

Nhm 7_QT1.1 1
 Lm t vn cho ch hng trong vic chuyn ch.
K kt hp ng vn ti vi ngi chuyn ch, thu phng tin vn ti, lu cc.
Lm cc th tc gi hng,nhn hng.
Lm th tc hi quan, kim kin, kim dch.
Mua bo him cho hng ho.
Lp cc chng t cn thit cho qu trnh thanh ton gi hng.
Thu xp chuyn ti hng ho.
Lu kho, bo qun hng ho.
V cc cng vic khc.
Ngoi ra, ngi lm dich v giao nhn cn cung cp cc dch v c bit theo yu cu
ca ch hng.
3.Quyn v ngha v ca ngi giao nhn:
iu 167 lut thng mi Vit Nam nm 1997 quy nh, ngi giao nhn c
nhng quyn v ngha v sau y:
Ngi giao nhn c hng tin cng v cc khon thu nhp hp l khc.
Thc hin y ngha v ca mnh theo hp ng.
Trong qu trnh thc hin hp ng, nu c l do chnh ng v li ch ca khch
hng th c th thc hin khc vi ch dn ca khch hng, nhng phi thng bo
ngay cho khch hng.
Sau khi k kt hp ng, nu thy khng thc hin c th phi thng bo ngay cho
khch hng xin ch dn ca khch hng.
Phi thc hin ngha v ca mnh trong thi gian hp l nu trong hp ng khng
tho thun v thi gian thc hin ngha v vi khch hng.
4.Mi quan h vi cc bn tham gia:
4.1Chnh ph v cc chc trch khc:
Trong lnh vc giao nhn, ngi giao nhn phi lm vic vi cc c quan nh:
Hi quan: y l c quan m ngi giao nhn phi thc hin ngha v khai bo v np
thu.
An ninh sn bay: thc hin ngha v cn hng, soi hng.
Ngn hng: ng vai tr l ngi bo lnh, ngi trung gian trong vic thanh ton vi
ngi xut nhp khu.
B y t, b khoa hc cng ngh, b mi trng: xin cp cc giy php, giy chng
nhn...
To lnh s:xin giy chng nhn xut x.
C quan kim sot xut nhp khu.
4.2 Cc bn t nhn:
- Ch tu: L ngi thc hin vic chuyn ch hng ha cho ngi xut nhp khu.
- Ngi kinh doanh vn ti ng b.
- Bn thc hin vic ng gi bao b.
- Ngun lu gi kho hng.
- C quan bo him.
4.3Ngi bo him trch nhim;

Nhm 7_QT1.1 2
 Ngi giao nhn d gp ri ro ngay c khi hot ng vi t cch l i l v ngay c
khi l ngi y thc. Ngi giao nhn phi m ng nhng trch nhim ty thuc vo
phm vi hot ng m ngi giao nhn nhn lm.
Ni chung ngi giao nhn khng chu trch nhim i vi nhng hnh ng hay sai
st ca bn th ba, chng hn nh ngi chuyn ch hay ngi giao nhn khc min l
ngi giao nhn c s cn mn hp l khi khi la chn bn th ba .
Trch nhim ca ngi giao nhn vi t cch l ngi y thc: l ngi y thc,
ngi giao nhn khng nhng chu trch nhim i vi li ca bn thn mnh m c
nhng li lm ca ngi lm cng ca mnh m li ca nhng m ngi giao nhn s
dng cc dch v thc hin hot ng giao nhn vi khch hng ca mnh.
Tuy nhin trong trng hp khiu ni i vi tn tht vn chuyn v hng c s khc
bit nh nu ngi giao nhn hot ng vi t cch l ngi y thc. Trong trng hp
ny ngi giao nhn chu trch nhim i vi nhng mt mt h hng hng ha xy ra t
khi ngi giao nhn nhn hng n khi giao nhn hng cho mnh.
C ba loi bo him trch nhim sau:
- Bo him trch nhim hu hn: trn c s cc iu khon kinh doanh tiu chun quy
nh gii hn trch nhim ca ngi giao nhn, ngi giao nhn c quyn la chn ch
mua bo him cho trch nhim . Ngi giao nhn cn c quyn chp nhn cn c
quyn chp nhn mt mc min bi thng cho ngi bo him v ngi giao nhn
phi t bo him choc ho phn tn tht di mc ny. Mc bi thng ny cng cao,
ph bo him ngy cao thp song c nguy c l ngi giao nhn s phi i mt vi
nhng khiu ni nh gp chung li thnh nhng khon tin ln khng c ngi bo
him bi thng l. Ngi bo him cng c th gim chi ph bo him bng vic h
thp gii hn bo ca mnh, gii hn ny ch hp l khi n cn c vo kinh nghim v
nhng khiu ni m ngi giao nhn gp phi, song c nguy c l ngi giao nhn
phi chu trch nhim nng n do b khiu ni ln vt qua gii hn bo him trn.
- Bo him trch nhim php l y : ngi giao nhn hot ng trn c s cc iu
kin kinh doanh tiu chun quy nh gii hn trch nhim ca mnh c quyn hay ch
bo him trch nhim hu hn hay bo him trch nhim php l y . Tuy nhin i
khi ta n c th bc b cac iu khon trong cac iu kin kinh doanh tiu chun v da
trn cc c s cho rng chng khng hp l hay khng vng vng, cho nn tt hn ht
ngi giao nhn nn bo him trch nhim php l y .
- Bo him trch nhim php l tt nh(top up): loi bo him ny cho khch hng
mua bo him tt nh bo v trong trng hp trch nhim ca ngi nhn vt
qu nhng gii hn nu trn bng cch tr cho ngi bo him hng ha ph ph bo
him. Mc d kiu bo him ny thun li cho c ngi giao nhn v khch hng, song
dng nh ch ph bin Chu u.
III. T CHC V K THUT GIAO NHN HNG XUT KHU TI SN
BAY
1.C s php l,nguyn tc giao nhn hng ha xut khu bng ng
hng khng.
Vic gia nhn hng ha xut nhp khu bng ng hng khng c iu chnh
bi cng c quc t thng nht mt s quy tc v vn ti hng khng quc t gi tc
l cng c vacsava 1929,lut hng khng dn dng Vit Nam,cc loi hp ng v L/C

Nhm 7_QT1.1 3
 th mi bo m quuyn ti ca ch hng ngoi thng.Cc vn bn hin hnh quy
nh nhng nguyn tc giao nhn hng ha xut nhp khu ti sn bay nh sau:
-vic giao nhn hng ha xut khu ti cng(cng hng khng)l do cng tin hnh
trn c s hp ng gia ch hng hay ngi c ch hng y thc vi cng.
-Trng hp hng khng qua cng(khng lu kho ti cng) th ch hng hay ngi
c ch hng y thc c th giao nhn trc tip vi ngi vn ti.trong trng hp ny
,ch hng phi quyt ton vi hng hng khng,ch tha thun vi sn bay v a im
bc d, thanh ton chi ph bc d v cc chi ph pht sinh khc.
-Vic bc d hng ha trong phm vi sn bay do hng khng chu trch nhim.
-Ngi nhn hng phi xut trnh nhng chng t hp l xc nhn quyn c nhn
hng v phi nhn lin tc trong mt thi gian xc nh khi lnh hng ha ghi trn
chng t.
-Hng hng khng khngchu trch nhim v hng ha khi hng ha ra khi
kho,cng hng khng.
2.Nhim v ca cc bn tham gia vo qu trnh giao nhn
2.1i vi ngi gi hng
-K kt hp ng giao nhn.
-iiu ng phng tin vn chuyn nhn hng.
-Nhn hng ha v cc chng t gi km ( Commercial Invoice, packing list, ).
-Pht hnh Vn n gom hng.
-Pht hnh bin lai kho hng nu hng ha c lu kho ti cng ty giao nhn.
-Pht hnh giy chng nhn nhn hng (nu c).
-Thng bo cho ngi nhn chi tit v vic gi hng.
` 2.2i vi Cng Hng khng:
-Lm th tc hi quan.
-Giao hng cho sn bay.
-B phn an ninh sn bay tin hnh cn hng, soi hng, kim tra hng ha v pht
hnh phiu cn hng.
-Pht hnh bin lai kho hng ( nu hng ha c lu kho ti sn bay).
2.3i vi hng Hng khng:
-Chuyn giao hng ha v b chng t hng ha cho hng Hng khng.
-Hng Hng khng pht hnh cho cng ty giao nhn airwaybill.
-Cng ty giao nhn thanh ton cc ph gi hng cho hng Hng khng.
-Thc hin chuyn ch hng ha mt cch an ton giao hng cho i l ti
Cng n.
2.4 i vi cng Hng khng ni n:
-Thc hin cng tc tip nhn, kim tra hng ha, lu kho hng ha.
-Giao hng v b chng t hng ha cho ail giao nhn ti ni n.
-Thng quan cho hng nhp khu.
2.5 i vi i l giao nhn ti ni n:
-Nhn hng v b chng t hng ha t hng Hng khng.
-Thanh ton mi khon cc ph.
-Giao hng cho ngi nhn hng.
-Xut trnh Vn ch nhn hng (MAWB- Master Airwaybill).
2.6 i vi ngi nhn:

Nhm 7_QT1.1 4
 -Thanh ton cc khon ph, cc ph.
-Xut trnh Vn n nh nhn hng (HAWB-House Airwaybill).
-iu ng phng tin vn ti nhn hng.
IV. CC CHNG T GIAO NHN HNG HA BNG NG HNG
KHNG
1.Cac chng t nhan t khach hang
1.1FFI(FIATA-forwarding instruction) bang ch dan
cua ngi gi hang
Tac dung:Ngi xuat khau giao hang cho ngi giao nhan
kem theo bang ch dan cua ngi gi hang e ngi giao
nhan giao hang cho hang van chuyen,ngi giao nhan co
the giup ngi giao hang ien vao FFI
Th ch dan bao gom nhng noi dung chu yeu sau:
-Ten ngi gi hang va ten ngi nhan
-So tham chieu cua ngi gi hang
-Ten va a ch cua ngi nhan hang
-Ten cua ngi c thong bao
-Nc xuat x chng t
-Ni va ngay hang san sang xep xuong tau
-ieu kien ban hang
-Phng tien van chuyen s dung
-Nhng chi tiet ve bao hiem van tai
-Mac,ma va so lng kien va cacloai bao b
-Ten va ma hang
-Trong lng ca b va khoi lng
-Nhng ch dan lam hang(hang nguy hiem),kch c
Va trong lng
-Chng t gi hang chng t c yeu cau
-ieu kien gia hang

1.2FIATASDT(FIATA-shippers declaration for transport

dangerous goods)bang khai hang hoa nguy hiem
cua ngi gi hang
Tac dung:chng t nay cung cap nhng thong tin can thiet
ve phan loai hang nguy hiem theo nhng quy nh lien quan
en viec van chuyen hang hoa o
Noi dung:
-Ten va a ch ngi gi hang
-Ten ngi giao nhan
-Ky ma,so lng kien hang va loai bao b
-Trong lng ca b va so lng
-Phan loai/ac iem
-Lu y
-Ngay va ni phat hanh

Nhm 7_QT1.1 5
 2.Cac chng t phat hanh cho khach hang
2.1AWB(Airway Bill)_van n
- Vn n hng khng (Airwaybill-AWB) l chc t vn chuyn hng ho v bng
chc ca vic k kt hp ng v vn chuyn hng ho bng my bay, v iu kin ca
hp ng v vic tip nhn hng ho vn chuyn ( Lut Hng Khng dn dng Vit
Nam ngy 4 thng 1 nm 1992).
Vn n hng khng bao gm mt s chc nng nh sau:
+ L bng chc ca mt hp ng vn ti c k kt gia ngi
chuyn ch v ngi gi hng
+ L bng chng ca vic ngi chuyn ch hng khng nhn hng
+ L giy chng nhn bo him hng ho vn chuyn bng ng hng
khng
+ L chng t k khai hi quan ca hng ho
+ L hng dn cho nhn vin hng khng trong qu trnh phc v chuyn
ch hng ho
Khng ging nh vn ti ng bin, trong vn ti hng khng, ngi ta khng s dng
vn n c th giao dch dc, hay ni cch khc vn n hng khng khng phi l
chng t s ha hng ho nh vn n ng bin thng thng. Nguyn nhn ca iu
ny l do tc vn ti hng khng rt cao, hnh trnh ca my bay thng kt thc v
hng ho c giao ngay ni n mt khong thi gian di trc khi c th gi chng
t hng khng t ngi xut khu qua ngn hng ca h ti ngn hng ca ngi xut
khu ri ngn hng ca ngi nhp khu gi cho ngi nhp khu. V nhng l do
trn m vn n hng khng thng khng c chc nng s hu hng ho. Vn n hng
khng c th do hng hng khng pht hnh, cng c th do ngi khc khng phi do
hng hng khng ban hnh. .
*Phn loi vn n
Cn c vo ngi pht hnh, vn n c chia lm hai loi:
- Vn n ca hng hng khng (Airline airway bill):
Vn n ny do hng hng khng pht hnh, trn vn n c ghi biu tng v m nhn
dng ca ngi chuyn ch (issuing carrier indentification).
- Vn n trung lp (Neutral airway bill):
Loi vn n ny do ngi khc ch khng phi do ngi chuyn ch pht hnh hnh,
trn vn n khng c biu tng v m nhn dng ca ngi chuyn ch. Vn n ny
thng do i l ca ngi chuyn ch hay ngi giao nhn pht hnh.
Cn c vo vic gom hng, vn n c chia lm hai loi:
- Vn n ch (Master Airway bill-MAWB):
L vn n do ngi chuyn ch hng khng cp cho ngi gom hng c vn n nhn
hng sn bay ch. Vn n ny dng iu chnh mi quan h gia ngi chuyn ch
hng khng v ngi gom hng v lm chng t giao nhn hng gia ngi chuyn ch
v ngi gom hng.
- Vn n ca ngi gom hng (House airway bill-HAWB):
L vn n do ngi gom hng cp cho cc ch hng l khi nhn hng t h cc ch
hng l c vn n i nhn hng ni n. Vn n ny dng iu chnh mi quan h
gia ngi gom hng v cc ch hng l v dng nhn hng ho gia ngi gom hng
vi cc ch hng l.

Nhm 7_QT1.1 6
Nhn chung, chng ta c th hnh dung qu trnh gom hng trong lnh vc hng khng
nh sau:
Ch hng l do c t hng,khng gi trc tip cho ngi chuyn ch m gi thng qua
ngi gom hng,ngi gom hng khi nhn c hng l ca cc ch hng l th cung cp
cho ch hng vn n gom hng nh l mt bin lai nhn hng v cc ch hng l
dng nhn hng t ngi gom hng ni hng n.Sau khi tp hp c t cc ch
hng l,ngi gom hng i thu my bay v giao cho ngi chuyn ch hng khng vi
s lng ln(giao nguyn),Ngi chuyn ch hng khng khi nhn hng t ngi gom
hng s cp cho ngi gom hng vn n ch nh l mt bin lai nhn hng v ngi
gom hng nhn hng t ngi chuyn ch sn bay ch.Ti sn bay ch, ngi gom
hng dng vn n ch nhn hng t ngi chuyn ch hng khng, sau chia l
hng, giao cho tng ngi ch hng l v thu hi vn n gom hng m chnh mnh pht
hnh khi nhn hng u i.
* Ni dung ca vn n hng khng
Vn n hng khng c in theo mu tiu chun ca Hip hi vn ti hng khng quc
t IATA (IATA standard form). Mt b vn n bao gm nhiu bn, trong bao gm 3
bn gc (cc bn chnh) v cc bn ph.
Mi bn vn n bao gm 2 mt, ni dung ca mt trc ca cc mt vn n ging ht
nhau nu khng k n mu sc v nhng ghi ch pha di khc nhau, v d bn gc
s 1 th ghi ch pha di l bn gc s 1 dnh cho ngi chuyn ch pht hnh vn
n, cn bn s 4 th li ghi l bn s 4, dng lm bin lai giao hng.
Mt sau ca bn vn n khc nhau, nhng bn ph mt sau trng, cc bn gc l
cc quy nh c lin quan n vn chuyn hng ho bng ng hng khng.
Ni dung mt trc vn n
Mt trc ca vn n bao gm cc ct mc trng ngi lp vn n in nhng
thng tin cn thit khi lp vn n. Theo mu tiu chun ca IATA, nhng ct mc l:
+ S vn n (AWB number)
+ Sn bay xut pht (Airport of departure)
+ Tn v a ch ca ngi pht hnh vn n (issuing carriers name and
address)
+ Tham chiu ti cc bn gc ( Reference to originals)
+ Tham chiu ti cc iu kin ca hp ng ( Reference to conditions of
contract)
+ Ngi ch hng (Shipper)
+ Ngi nhn hng (Consignee)
+ i l ca ngi chuyn ch (Issuing carriers agent)
+ Tuyn ng (Routine)
+ Thng tin thanh ton (Accounting information)
+ Tin t (Currency)
+ M thanh ton cc (Charges codes)
+ Cc ph v chi ph (Charges)
+ Gi tr k khai vn chuyn (Declare value for carriage)
+ Gi tr khai bo hi quan (Declare value for customs)
+ S tin bo him (Amount of insurance)
+ Thng tin lm hng (Handing information)

Nhm 7_QT1.1 7
 + S kin (Number of pieces)
+ Cc chi ph khc (Other charges)
+ Cc v chi ph tr trc (Prepaid)
+ Cc v chi ph tr sau (Collect)
+ k xc nhn ca ngi gi hng ( Shipper of certification box)
+ dnh cho ngi chuyn ch (Carrier of excution box)
+ ch dnh cho ngi chuyn ch ni n (For carrier of use only at
destination)
+ Cc tr sau bng ng tin ni n, ch dng cho ngi chuyn ch
(Collect charges in destination currency, for carrier of use only).
Ni dung mt sau vn n
Trong b vn n gm nhiu bn, ch c ba bn gc v mt s bn copy c nhng quy
nh v vn chuyn mt sau.
Mt hai ca vn n hng khng bao gm hai ni dung chnh:
- Thng bo lin quan n trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch
Ti mc ny, ngi chuyn ch thng bo s tin ln nht m h phi bi thng trong
trng hp hng ho b tn tht trong qu trnh chuyn ch, tc l thng bo gii hn
trch nhim ca mnh. Gii han trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch c quy nh y
l gii hn c quy nh trong cc cng c, quy tc quc t hoc lut quc gia v hng
khng dn dng.
- Cc iu kin hp ng
Ni dung ny bao gm nhiu iu khon khc nhau lin quan n vn chuyn l hng
c ghi mt trc. Cc ni dung thng l:
+ Cc nh ngha, nh nh ngha v ngi chuyn ch, nh ngha v cng
c Vac-sa-va 1929, nh ngha v vn chuyn, im dng tho thun...
+ Thi hn trch nhim chuyn ch ca ngi chuyn ch hng khng
+ C s trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch hng khng
+ Gii hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch hng khng
+ Cc ph ca hng ho chuyn ch
+ Trng lng tnh cc ca hng ho chuyn ch
+ Thi hn thng bo tn tht
+ Thi hn khiu ni ngi chuyn ch
+ Lut p dng.
Nhng quy nh ny thng ph hp vi quy nh ca cc cng c quc t v hng
khng nh Cng c Vac-sa-va 1929 v cc ngh nh th sa i cng c nh Ngh
nh th Hague 1955, Ngh nh th Montreal...
* Lp v phn phi vn n
Trch nhim lp vn n
Cng c Vac-sa-va 1929, iu 5 v iu 6 quy nh nh sau: mi ngi chuyn ch c
quyn yu cu ngi gi hng lp v giao cho mnh mt chng t gi l giy gi hng
hng khng (n Ngh nh th Hague 1955 i tn l vn n hng khng), mi ngi
gi hng c quyn yu cu ngi chuyn ch chp nhn chng t ny.
Ngi gi hng phi lp giy gi hng hng khng thnh 3 bn gc v trao cng vi
hng ho. Bn th nht ghi dnh cho ngi chuyn ch v do ngi gi hng k. Bn th
hai dnh cho ngi nhn hng do ngi gi hng cng ngi chuyn ch cng k v gi

Nhm 7_QT1.1 8
km cng hng ho. Bn th ba do ngi chuyn ch k v ngi chuyn ch giao cho
ngi nhn hng sau khi nhn hng ch.
Ngi chuyn ch s k vo vn n vo lc nhn hng. Ch k ca ngi chuyn ch
c th ng du, ch k ca ngi gi hng c th k hoc ng du.
Theo yu cu ca ngi gi hng, nu ngi chuyn ch lp giy gi hng th ngi vn
chuyn c coi l lm nh vy thay th cho ngi gi hng. Tr phi c chng c
ngc li.
Nh vy theo cng c Vac-sa-va 1929 th ngi gi hng c trch nhim lp vn n.
Ngi gi hng phi c trch nhim v s chnh xc ca cc chi tit v nhng tuyn b
c lin quan ti hng ho m anh ta ghi trn vn n.
Ngi gi hng phi c trch nhim i vi tt c nhng thit hi m ngi chuyn ch
hay bt k ngi no khc phi chu do nhng tuyn b c lin quan n hng ho c
ghi trn vn n khng chnh xc, khng hon chnh, khng ng quy tc d vn n
c ngi gi hng hay bt k ngi no thay mt ngi gi hng, k c ngi chuyn
ch hay i l ca ngi chuyn ch c ngi gi hng u quyn lp vn n.
Mt khc, ngi gi hng k vn n th ngi gi hng xc nhn rng anh ta ng
vi nhng iu kin ca hp ng vn chuyn c ghi mt sau ca vn n.
Phn phi vn n
Khi pht hnh vn n cho mt l hng, ngi ta pht hnh vn n gm nhiu bn khc
nhau. B vn n c th gm t 8 n 14 bn, thng thng l 9 bn, trong bao gi
cng gm ba bn gc, hay cn gi l cc bn chnh (orginal), cn li l cc bn ph
(copy), c nh s t 4 n 14. Vn n c phn phi nh sau:
Bn gc s 3 dnh cho ngi gi hng, dng lm bng chng ca vic ngi chuyn
ch nhn hng ch v lm bng chng ca hp ng chuyn ch. Bn ny c ch
k ca c ngi chuyn ch v ngi gi hng.
Bn s 9, dnh i l, bn ny c ngi i l hay ngi chuyn ch pht hnh gi li.
Bn gc s 1, dnh cho ngi chuyn ch, mu xanh l cy, c ngi chuyn ch pht
hnh vn n gi li nhm mc ch thanh ton v dng lm bng chng ca hp
ng vn chuyn. Bn ny c ch k ca ngi gi hng.
Bn gc s 2, dnh cho ngi nhn hg, mu hng, c gi cng l hng ti ni n
cui cng v giao cho ngi nhn khi giao hng.
Bn s 4, l bin lai giao hng, c sn ni n cui cng. Bn ny c ch k ca ngi
nhn hng v c ngi chuyn ch cui cng gi li lm bin lai giao hng v lm
bng chng l ngi chuyn ch hon thnh hp ng chuyn ch.
Bn s 5, dnh cho sn bay n, c sn sn bay n.
Bn s 6, dnh cho ngi chuyn ch th 3, dng khi hng c chuyn ch ti sn bay
th 3.
Bn s 7, dnh cho ngi chuyn ch th 2, dng khi hng c chuyn ti ti sn bay
th 2.
Bn s 8, dnh cho ngi chuyn ch th 1, c b phn chuyn hng ho ca ngi
chuyn ch u tin gi li khi lm hng.
Bn s 10 n 14, l nhng bn ch dng cho chuyn ch khi cn thit.
2.2FCR(Forwarder,s Certificate of Receipt) giy chng nhn
nhn hng ca ngi giao nhn

Nhm 7_QT1.1 9
Tc dng:ngi giao nhn s cp cho ngi xut khu giy chng nhn nhn hng ca
ngi giao nhn.y l s tha nhn chnh thc ca ngi giao nhn l h nhn hng
FRC c ni dung bao gm:
-Tn,a ch ca ngi y thc
-Tn,a ch ca ngi nhn hng
-K m hiu v s hiu ca hng ha
-S lng kin v cch ng gi
- Tn hng
-Trng lng c b
-Th tch
-Ni v ngy pht hnh giy chng nhn
2.3 FTC(Forwarder,s Certificate Transport)giy chng
nhn vn chuyn
y l chng t do ngi giao nhn pht hnh cho khch hng,nu ngi giao nhn
chu gao hng ti ch
Ni dung chnh bao gm:
-Tn v a ch ca ngi y thc
-Tn v a ch ca ngi nhn hng
-a ch thng bo
-Phng tin vn ti
-Ni hng n
-Tn hng
-K m hiu v s hiu hng ha
-trng lng c b
-Th tch
-Bo him
-Cc ph v kinh ph tr cho ngi giao nhn
-Ni v ngy pht hnh chng t
2.4 FWR(Forwarder,s Warehouse Reicept) Bin lai kho hng
Tc dng:l giy chng nhn hng ha lu kho ti kho ca ngi giao
nhn,ngi giao nhn s cp bin lai cho ngi xut khu nu hng c gi li
kho ca ngi giao nhn trc khi giao nhn cho hng hng khng
Ni dung chnh bao gm:
-Tn v ngi cung cp hng
-Tn ngi gi vo kho
-Tn th kho
-Tn kho
-Phng tin vn ti
-Tn hng
-Sn bay xut pht
-Sn bay n
-i l ca ngi chuyn ch
-Tuyn ng
-V mt s thng tin khc

Nhm 7_QT1.1 10
 V. QUY TRNH GIAO NHN HNG HA XUT KHU CHUYN CH
BNG NG HNG KHNG
1.Xut khu hng ha
Giao nhn hng ho xut nhp khu bng ng hng khng c quc t ho v
nhng quy nh th tc, trnh t, chng t do tnh cht quc t ca vn ti hng khng.

Sau khi k hp ng ngoi thng, ngi xut khu tin hnh chun b hng ho v lp
mt s mt s chng t cn thit v hng ho giao hng cho hng hng khng.
Thng thng, h u thc cho ngi giao nhn hay i l hng khng bng mt hp ng
u thc giao nhn.
Ngi giao nhn hay i l ny phi c hng vn chuyn ch nh v cho php khai
thc hng ho.
Quy trnh giao hng xut khu:
-

Ngi gi hng
Ngi nhn hng

Cng ty giao nhn

i l giao nhn
ti Cng n
Hng Hng khng

Cng Hng khng Cng Hng khng

(ni i) (ni n)

Ngi xut khu giao hng cho ngi giao nhn km vi th ch dn ca ngi gi hng
ngi giao nhn giao hng cho hng vn chuyn v lp vn n.
- Ngi giao nhn s cp cho ngi xut khu giy chng nhn nhn hng ca ngi
giao nhn (FCR-forwarders certificate of receipt). y l s tha nhn chnh thc ca
ngi giao nhn l h nhn hng.

Nhm 7_QT1.1 11
- Ngi giao nhn s cp giy chng nhn vn chuyn ca ngi giao nhn (FTC-
forwarders certifficate of transport), nu ngi giao nhn c trch nhim giao hng ti
ch.
- Ngi giao nhn s cp bin lai kho hng cho ngi xut khu (FWR-forwarders
warehouse receipt) nu hng c lu ti kho ca ngi giao nhn trc khi gi cho
hng hng khng.
Trn c s u thc ca ngi xut khu, ngi giao nhn tin hnh tp hp v lp chng
t sau y chun b giao hng cho hng hng khng.
+ Giy php xut nhp khu:
Giy php xut nhp khu do c quan qun l xut nhp khu ca mt nc cp, Vit
Nam l B Thng mi.
Giy php xut nhp khu ca Vit Nam c hai loi chnh: Loi mt l giy php m, tc
loi giy php cp cho doanh nghip c php xut hay nhp mt khi lng hay tr gi
hng trong mt nm. Loi 2 l giy php con, c cp cho tng chuyn hng mt, giy
php con cn gi l giy php chuyn, loi 2 c s dng ph bin hn.
Giy php xut nhp khu gm nhng ni dung ch yu sau:
Tn, a ch ca ngi xut nhp; S giy php; Ngy cp;Thi hn hiu lc; C s cp
giy php; Loi hnh kinh doanh; Ca khu nhp; Hp ng s;
Ngy; Dng hp ng; Chi tit v vn ti; iu kin v a ch giao hng; Thi hn giao
hng; Phng thc thanh ton; ng tin thanh ton; Tn hng, chng loi bao kin, tn
v c im hng ho; K m hiu hng ho;
S lng hng ho; n gi; Tr gi; Ngi v ngy xin cp giy php; Xc nhn ca hi
quan; C quan duyt cp giy php k tn, ng du.
+ Bn k chi tit hng ho:
y l bn khai chi tit v hng ho ca ngi gi hng, nhiu khi ngi ta dng phiu
ng gi thay bn k khai chi tit.
Ni dung chnh ca bn khai chi tit:
Tn v a ch ca ngi gi hng; Tn hng; K m hiu ca hng; S kin hng; Trng
lng ton b;
Trng lng tnh; Kch thc ca hng ho; t hng ho; Ch k ca ngi lp.
+ Bn lc khai hng ho:
L mt bn k khai tm tt v hng ho chuyn ch. Lc khai hng ho do ngi giao
nhn lp khi hng c nhiu l hng l gi chung mt vn n (trng hp gom hng).
Lc khai hng ho bao gm nhng ni dung chnh sau:
Tn, a ch ngi gi; Tn, a ch ngi nhn; S th t ca vn n; Tn hng; K m
hiu; Trng lng;
S kin hng ca tng vn n; Ni i; Ni n.
+ Giy chng nhn xut x:
L chng t ghi ni sn xut ca hng ho do ngi xut khu k khai, k v c c
quan c thm quyn ca nc xut khu xc nhn ( Vit Nam l phng thng mi v
cng nghip).
Giy chng nhn xut x bao gm chng ni dung ch yu sau:
Tn v a ch ca ngi gi hng; Tn v a ch ca ngi nhn hng; Phng tin v
tuyn vn ti; Mc ch s dng chnh thc; S th t ca l hng; M v s hiu bao b;

Nhm 7_QT1.1 12
Tn hng v m t hng ho; S lng hng ho; Trng lng hng ho; S v ngy ca
ho n thng mi; Cam oan ca ngi xut khu v hng ho;
Chng nhn ca c quan c thm quyn.
+ T khai hng ho XNK (khai hi quan)
L mt vn bn do ch hng, ch phng tin khai bo, xut trnh cho c quan hi quan
trc khi hng hoc phng tin xut hoc nhp qua lnh th quc gia.
+ Vn n hng khng, ho n thng mi (xem phn chng t hng khng)...
Sau khi lm xong th tc vi hng hng khng, sn bay v thanh ton cc chi ph, ngi
giao nhn s gi chng t km theo hng ha gm:
- Cc bn cn li ca MAWB v HAWB
- Ho n thng mi
- Bn k khai chi tit hng ho
- Giy chng nhn xut x
- Phiu ng gi
- Lc khai hng ho
V cc chng t cn thit khc theo yu cu ca nc nhp khu.
Ngi giao nhn s giao li bn gc s 3 cho ngi gi hng (MWAB hoc HAWB) cng
thng bo thu v thu tin cc cng cc khon chi ph cn thit c lin quan.
4.2Nhn hng nhp khu
Theo s u thc ca ngi giao nhn nc ngoi hay ngi nhp khu, ngi i l hay
ngi giao nhn hng khng s tin hnh giao nhn hng ho bng chng t c gi t
nc xut khu v nhng chng t do nc nhp khu cung cp.
- Nu ch c trch nhim giao hng cho ngi nhp khu ti kho hay trm giao nhn hng
ho ca sn bay th sau khi nhn c thng bo n ca hng vn chuyn cp vn
n (theo quy nh ca cng c Vac-sa-va th ngi chuyn ch c trch nhim thng
bo ngay cho ngi nhn hng, ngi giao nhn, i l nc nhp khu khi hng ho
c vn chuyn h i nhn hng) th:
+ Ngi giao nhn trc tip ln sn bay nhn b h s gi km theo hng
ho ( trnh by phn giao hng xut khu)
+ Sau khi thu hi bn vn n gc s 2, ngi giao nhn cng ngi nhp
khu lm cc th tc nhn hng sn bay.
+ Nu ngi giao nhn l i l gom hng th phi nhn l hng nguyn
bng vn n ch sau chia hng v giao cho cc ch hng l v thu hi
li vn n gom hng.
- Nu ngi giao nhn c trch nhim giao hng n dch, th ngoi vic thu hi cc bn
s 2 ca vn n ch hoc vn n gom hng, ngi giao nhn cn phi yu cu ngi
nhp khu cung cp cc chng t sau:
+ Giy php nhp khu
+ Bn k khai chi tit hng ho
+ Hp ng mua bn ngoi thng
+ Chng t xut x
+ Ho n thng mi
+ Lc khai hng nu gi hng theo HAWB
+ T khai hng nhp khu
+ Giy chng nhn phm cht

Nhm 7_QT1.1 13
 V cc giy t cn thit khc.
Ngi giao nhn tin hnh nhn hng t hng vn chuyn, thanh ton mi khon cc
thu sau, lm th tc v np l ph vi cng hng khng, thng quan cho hng ho.
Giao hng cho ngi nhp khu ti kho ca ngi nhp khu cng giy t hi quan v
thng bo thu.
Ngi nhp khu nhn hng v thanh ton cc chi ph m ngi giao nhn np cng
ph giao nhn cho ngi giao nhn.

-
-

Nhm 7_QT1.1 14