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Che 459-Unit 5-Sox Control
Che 459-Unit 5-Sox Control
Introduction
Fuel desulfurization
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INTRODUCTION
2/3 of SOx in the US is from what source?
oil(0.5-1% S)
INTRODUCTION
In coal, much of the sulfur is also in the form of
chemically bound sulfur, but some coals have a
large fraction of their sulfur in the form of small
crystals of iron pyrite, FeS2 .
When the fuel is burnt, almost all the sulfur in the fuel,
whether chemically bound or pyritic, is converted to sulfur
dioxide and carried along with stack gas.
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FUEL DESULFURIZATION
Oil and natural gas:
A desulfurization unit removes organic sulfur via a catalytic
reaction with hydrogen:
( HC containing S) H 2 Ni
or HC H 2 S
Co catalyst
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FUEL DESULFURIZATION
Coal
30-70% of sulfur in coal is in mineral form, which can
be removed via washing or other physical cleaning.
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In scrubbing tower:
CaCO3 ( s ) H 2O 2SO2 Ca 2 2 HSO3 CO2 ( g )
Net reaction:
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de Nevers, 2000
LIMESTONE SCRUBBING
System operates countercurrent:
Scrubbing slurry (water with finely ground limestone) is
sprayed and falls down.
Flue Gas containing SO2 travels up.
SO2 is absorbed into slurry droplets, where it reacts to
form CaSO3.
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LIMESTONE SCRUBBING
Scrubber tower configurations:
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de Nevers, 2000
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LIMESTONE SCRUBBING
Advantages
The absorbent is abundant and inexpensive
Disadvantages
Scaling inside the tower
Equipment plugging
corrosive
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LIME SCRUBBING
Lime Scrubbing
Similar to limestone scrubbing, but lime [Ca(OH) 2] is more
reactive than limestone
Net reactions:
CaO H 2O Ca (OH ) 2
SO2 H 2O H 2 SO3
H 2 SO3 Ca (OH ) 2 CaSO3 .2 H 2O
1
CaSO3 .2 H 2O O2 CaSO4 .2 H 2O
2
Disadvantages:
High cost of lime relative to limestone
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DRY SCRUBBING
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DRY SCRUBBING
Advantages:
Low capital cost
Disadvantages:
High reagent cost ( including transportation)
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ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION
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