DesignofWaterSupplyNetworks

CIVL5995ProjectI

AhmadSana
DepartmentofCivilandArchitecturalEngineering
SultanQaboosUniversity,Oman

Designofwaterdistributionsystem
Amunicipalwaterdistributionsystemisusedtodeliverwatertothe
consumer.
Wateriswithdrawnfromalongthepipesinapipenetworksystem,for
computationalpurposesalldemandsonthesystemareassumedtooccur
atthejunctionnodes.
Pressureisthemainconcerninawaterdistributionsystem.Atnotime
shouldthewaterpressureinthesystembesolowthatcontaminated
groundwatercouldenterthesystematpointsofleakage.
Thetotalwaterdemandateachnodeisestimatedfromresidential,
industrialandcommercialwaterdemandsatthatnode.Thefireflowis
addedtoaccountforemergencywaterdemand.

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 Componentsofawaterdistribution
system

FunctionalComponentsofaWaterUtility

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Largediameterwatermains

PressureReducingandCheckValve

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ATypicalPumpingStationSchematic

Pumphouse

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 Centrifugalpumps

Typicalelevatedwater
tanks

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Reservoirpumptanksystem

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Pumpcurves

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 Typesofvalves

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Typicallayoutofwatersupplysystem

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 Usingboosterpumps

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Operationofawatersupplysystem

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 Systemheadcurve

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Pumpoperatingpoint

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Operatingpoints(Max.andMin.)

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Operatingpointsforvariouspumps

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Operationpointsforvariouspipes

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Typicalpipenetwork

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DesignGuidelinesandStandardsforWater
SupplySystems
Public Authority for Electricity and Water, Sultanate of Oman

WaterDemand
Forwaterdemandforecastthefollowingcategoriescanbeused.
Domesticconsumptionbypipedsupply;
Domesticconsumptionbytankersupply;
Nondomesticconsumption;
Unaccountedforwaterincluding:
o Leakageandothertechnicallosses;
o WaterusedbyPAEWinitsnormaloperations;
o Firefightingusage
o Commerciallosses
(Forthedetailsseethedesignguidelines)
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 Demandpattern

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Firedemand
The design of new distribution network should incorporate fire hydrants in
accordance with the
Directorate General of Civil Defence requirements. Each project must get their
approval for the
location of fire hydrants.
The additional ground service reservoir capacity for fire fighting is as follows:

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 Firedemand

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Operating criteria for water supply systems

Primary functions of a water-supply system
1. Meet the demand while maintaining acceptable pressures
2. Supply water for fire without affecting the water supply to the rest of the system
3. Provide sufficient level of redundancy to serve during emergency conditions

Minimum acceptable pressure:

To deliver sufficient quantities of water the pressure head in the network should,
wherever possible, be at least 1.5 bar (15 m.w.c., worst point peak day, peak hour)
in all parts of the network, including the remotest and highest points.
Maximum pressure:
The maximum pressure should not exceed 6 bar (60 m.w.c.).

Storage facilities
1. 20% to 25% of the maximum daily demand volume
2. Fire demand
3. Emergency storage (minimum storage equal to average daily system demand)
4. Minimum height of water in the elevated storage tank based on minimum
piezometric head in the service area
5. Normal operating range 4.5 to 6.0 m.

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