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1 - -الكتاب العربى لإدارة قاعدة البيانات اوركل الجزء الأول
1 - -الكتاب العربى لإدارة قاعدة البيانات اوركل الجزء الأول
obaysalah@hotmail.com
3 1
4 2
6 3
Oracle Architectural Components
27 4
Creating an Oracle Database
47 5
Controlling the Database
100 8
Administering Users
126 9
Oracle Database Security & Monitoring
160 Oracle Net Services & Database Link & metrlized View 10
SQL*PLUS .
)(
4
5
.
6
Oracle Instance Oracle Database
7
:Oracle Instance 1.1
8
-:
Memory Structure
Background Processes
Instance
-:
9
SGA_MAX_SIZE ) (Parameter File
Dynamic -:
Mandatory Memory -1
Optional Memory -2
Mandatory Memory :
:Shared Pool -1
SHARED_POOL_SIZE :
Library Cache -1
Data Dictionary Cache -2
: Database Buffer Cache -2
. DB_CACHE_SIZE
;ALTERSYSTEMSETDB_CACHE_SIZE=96M
.
Redo Log Buffer -3
. LOG_BUFFER
Optional Memory :
Large Pool -1
Java Pool -2
Streams Pool -3
: SGA
10
Shared Pool SHAREAD_POOL_SIZE Library cache Oracle need to allocate
Shared SQL Areas* & deallocate memory
Oracle 6 thru 10g as SQL or Procedural
Private SQL Areas* Code is executed based
PL/SQL Procedures * on the individual needs
and Packages of users sessions and in
accordance to the LRU
Various Control *
algorithm
Structure
Highly accessed
memory structure that
Dictionary Cache provide information on
Row Cache * object structure to SQL
statements being parsed
Redo Log Buffer LOG_BUFFER Redo entries * Holds changes made to
data and allows for
Oracle 6 thru 10g reconstruction of data
in the case of failure
Database Buffer DB_2K_CACHE_SIZE Write List * Holds copies of data
Cache DB_4K_CACHE_SIZE requested by SQL and
DB_8K_CACHE_SIZE LRU List * reduces requests to disk
DB_16K_CACHE_SIZE by having data in
Oracle 6 thru 10g DB_32K_CACHE_SIZE memory
DB_KEEP_CACHE_SIZ You may have many
E different buffer caches
DB_RECYCLE_CACHE that help segregate on
_SIZE usage patterns
Large Pool LARGE_POOL_SIZE Shared server * For large memory
allocations
Oracle XA *
Form Oracle 8i I/O Server Processes
Backup & Restore
Java Pool JAVA_POOL_SIZE Run stats* Memory available for
the java memory
From Oracle 8i Methods* manager to use for all
Classes* things Java
Session code*
Data in JVM
Streams Pool STREAMS_POOL_SIZE Stream activity* New to Oracle 10g
Memory available for
From Oracle 10g Stream Processing
11
SGA ) (Parameters File
-:
SQL> SHOW SGA
:Related Views
* V$SGA
12
Background Processes
-: Processes
-: User process -1
.
-: Server Process -2 Instances
User Process
Server Process User Process Instance User Process
Server Process Dedicated Server
Shared Server .
- :Background Processes -3
Instance -:
:Mandatory -1 . Instance
: Optional -2 Instance
.
13
:Mandatory Processes 1.1.2.1
-: Processes
14
Process 1 )(Recovery
Instance )Real Application Clusters (RAC
Instance SMON Instance
Recovery Instance .
SMON Segments
.
15
. 20 Process
. DB_WRITER_PROCESSES
Process 1
Buffer Datafiles
Datafiles Datafiles headers Control files
SCN
.
CKPT -:
16
-1 .Log Switch
-2 LOG_CHECKPOINT_TIMEOUT
-3 BLOCKS
LOG_CHECKPOINT_INTERVAL
-4 Buffer . FAST_START_IO_TARGET
-5 -:
;SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE
;SQL> ALTER SYSTEM CHECKPOINT
: Recover (RECO) -6
Process 1 Process
Process .
:Recovery Writer(RVWR) -2
17
Process Oracle 10g Process
. Flashback Database
-:
Oracle Database server = Oracle Instance + oracle Database
-:
-: Control files -1
. Control file
18
-: Redo log files -2
) (Recover
.
Parameter file
. Parameter file
-: Database files -3
) ( Table & Views & Indexes .
-5 -:
* Parameter file Oracle Instance
* Password file
.
-:Tablespace and Data File
19
:Physical
.
:Logical .
20
Data
files ) (Logical
. Tablespace
21
Tablespace Data file Data file
Tablespace .
Bigfile Tablespaces Data file
. 4GB
Tablespace Segments
Tablespace Segment Tablespace
Extents Extent
Segment Extents
. Blocks
Block Block
3BK 5BK Block Oracle 9i
Release Block Oracle 9i
Release Block
-:
22
Tablepace . Users Tablespace
Data file ( (D1&D2 Tablespace Segments
) (T1&T2&T3 Segment T1 Extents Extent
Blocks Segment T1 )
(D1&D2 Segment D1 D2
Tablespace .
23
-1 Instance ).(Server
-2 Application
.
-3 .Server Process
24
-4 .
-5 Server Process Shared Pool
Shared SQL Area
Shared SQL Area .
-6 Server Process Data file
Data Block . SGA
-7 Server . SGA
-8 Commit LGWR . Redo Log File
-9 DBWn Disk . Data File
Server Process . -10
25
26
-:
.
.
. DBCA
27
Tablespace
Data file Tablespace
.
.
OUI (Oracle
) Universal Installer DBCA .
-:
28
-1 Application .
-2 process ). (parameter file
-3 SGA Instance
Instance Instance SGA .
-4 Block_Size . Row_Size
-5 .
-1 ): (Manually
. windows
D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0>SETORACLE_SID=OBAY
29
D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\DB_1>ORADIMNEWSID
%ORACLE_SID%INTPWDPASSWORDSTARTMODEM
. Services
-3 ) -: (Parameter File :
D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\db_1\database\copy
init.oraINITobay.ora
) (UNUX $ORACLE_HOME/DB :
:
30
-:
31
CONTROL_FILES =
(D:\oracle\product\10.1.0\oradata\OBAY\CONTROL01.
CTL,
D:\oracle\product\10.1.0\oradata\OBAY\CONTROL02.CT
L,
D:\oracle\product\10.1.0\oradata\OBAY\CONTROL03.CT
L)
UNDO_MANAGEMENT = AUTO
undo_tablespace = UNDO'
DB_NAME = OBAY
DB_BLOCK_SIZE = 8192
background_dump_dest =
'D:\oracle\product\10.1.0\admin\obay\bdump
user_dump_dest =
'D:\oracle\product\10.1.0\admin\obay\udump'
core_dump_dest =
'D:\oracle\product\10.1.0\admin\obay\cdump'
NOMOUNT Instance -4
32
-5
33
, ). ( SYSTEM & SYSAUX TABLESPACE
Alert Log
. BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST
ORA-01031
ORA_DBA .
MOUNT .
-6 -: Data Dictionary -:
D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\DB_1\RDBMS\ADMIN\CATALOG
.SQL
34
. SYS
-:
D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.1.0\DB_1\RDBMS\ADMIN\CATPROC
.SQL
Structures . PL/SQL
)(UNIX
-2 ): (DBCA
35
-:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 ). (Templates
)DATABASE CONFIGURATION ASSISTANT (DBCA
36
.
.
.
) (Template
.
) (Template
). (Manage Template
. General Purpose
37
) Instance (SID .
38
.
.
.
39
.
. General Purpose
, .
40
File Location Variables
.
Schema .
Block
.
41
.
.
Finish -:
42
.
43
44
.
45
.
.
Services STOP START
RESTART )& & Manual Disabled
.(Automatic
:Automatic Services
.START
:Manual Services .
:Disabled Services .
46
):(Initialization Parameter File
Control Files ). (SGA
.Control Files
-:
) (initSID.ora :Static Parameter File (PFILE) .1
SID .Instance
.
: PFILE
47
:Persistent Parameter File (SPFILE) .2
spfileSID.ora SID Instance
-:
ALTERSYSTEMSET%PARAMETER%=VALUE
;ALTERSYSTEMSETundo_tablespace=UNDO
. SCOPE
=ALTERSYSTEMSETparameter=value[SCOPE
]MEMORY|SPFILE|BOTH
SCOPE -:
:MEMORY Instance -1
.
:SPFILE -2
.
:BOTH Instance -3
SPFILE .
Instance SPFILE ) (BOTH
SPIFLE
.
SPFILE PFILE
.SYSDBA
;CREATESPFILEFROMPFILE
48
PFILE .SPFILE
):(Starting Up Database
-:
.NOMOUNT -1
.MOUNT -2
.OPEN -3
:NOMOUNT
Instance
Control Files Instance -:
-1 -:
.spfileSID.ora *
* .spfile.ora
.initSID.ora *
49
- 2 .SGA
- 3 .background processes
- 4 alertSID.log . trace files
:MOUNT
Instance
Data files
Instance -:
-1 Control files .
-2 Control files Data Files
. Redo log Files
:OPEN
Instance
.
-:
50
.Online Data Files -1
.Online Redo Log Files -2
NOMOUNT OR MOUNT OPEN
.ALTER
51
):(Shutting Down The Database
SYSDBA OR SYSOPER
-:
.NORMAL -1
.TRANSACTIONAL -2
.IMMEDIATE -3
.ABORT -4
52
:NORMAL -1
-:
.
Oracle Server
.
Buffer .
Background Processes SGA .
.
.Instance
Instance .
: TRANSACTIONAL -2
-:
53
.
) (Transaction
.
) (Transactions
.
Instance .
:IMMEDIATE -3
-:
.
Oracle Server .
Oracle Server .Instance
.Instance
Instance .
:ABORT -4
-:
.
.
Buffer .
54
.
Instance .
.Instance
Read Only .
Read Only -:
-1 .
-2 Data Files . and online offline
-3 .offline data file and tablespace
55
Opening a Database in Restricted Mode:
RESTRICTED SESSION PRIVILEGE.
Export
.
56
RESTRICTED SESSION
-:
-1 SESSION :
SELECTSID,SERIAL#FROMV$SESSION
-2 .SESSION
57
58
Logical
Tablespaces Physical . Data Files
-:
-1 .Tablespaces
-2 .Tablespaces
-3 .Tablespaces
59
-4 .Tablespaces
60
-1 :Tablespaces
61
Tablespaces :
:Space Management in Tablespaces - 1
Tablespaces -:
.Locally Managed Tablespaces -1
Extents Tablespace Tablespace
Bitmaps Extents Oracle Server
Tablespace Bitmap .
Oracle 10g , Oracle 8i
Dictionary Data .Generate Undo Information
Tablespace Data Dictionary Locally
DBMS_SPACE_ADMIN.TABLESPACE_MIGRATE_TO_LOCAL
Tablespace :Extents
:Automatic -1 Extent
).(Temporary Tablespace
:Uniform -2 Extent Tablespace
extent .IMB
.Undo Tablespace
Tablespace :Segement
.Automatic -1
.Manual -2
:Logging -2
62
:Yes Tablespaces -1
.Redo Log Files
:NO Tablespaces -2
.Redo Log Files
:Mode -3
:ReadOnly -1
Tablespace
) ( System&SysauxTablspaceRead
.Only
:Readandwrite -2
.Tablespace
:Views -4
Tablespaces ..Data Files
DBA_TABLESPACES
V$TABLESPACE
DBA_DATA_FILES
V$DATAFILE
DBA_TEMP_FILES
V$TEMPFILE
:Contains -5
: Permanent -1 .
:Temporary -2
.
:Undo -3 Database Server Undo Information
Undo
. .%Undo_Tablespace=%Value
.
:Status -6
63
:Online -1 Tablespace .
:Offline -2 Tablespace
) . ( Normal & Temporary & Immediate & For Recover
) (System & Undo Tablespace .Offline
:SQL -7
:Create -1 .Tablespace
:Alter -2 .Tablespace
:Drop -3 .Tablespace
:Type -8
:Small Tablespace -1 Tablespace Data File
.Tablespace
:Big Tablespace -2 Tablespace
Oracle 10g Terabytes(TB) 128 data
. File
:Tablespace
:System Tablespace -1
Tablespace
) . ( Read only & Offline
64
Tablespace Oracle Server
Data Dictionary
).(Sys Schema
:Sysaux Tablespace -2
Tablespace System Tablespace
. Tablespace
. Oracle10g
:Temp -3
Tablespace .
Temporary Tablespace
.
:Undo -4
Tablespace Oracle Server Undo
Information
.Tablespace
-1 Tablespace :
65
.Locally Managed Tablespace Tablespace
Tablespaces -2
66
. Data File
:Tablespace -3
.Sysaux Tablespace
68
:Offline Tablespace -6
:Online Tablespace 7
:Tablespace 8-
:Temporary Tablespace -9
69
. Default Temporary Tablespace Tablespace
70
.Group Tablespace
.Group Tablespace
71
DBA_DATA_FILES
DBA_TEMP_FILES
72
:Control File
Mount
Nomount . Control File
73
Oracle Server
.
Control File .
Control File
. Control File
Control Files -:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .Tablespaces
-4 Data Files .Redo Log Files
-5 Redo Log .
-6 . . RMAN .
-7 .
-8 )MAXLOGFILES . MAXLOGMEMBERS.
.(MAXLOGHISTORY. MAXDATAFILES .MAXINSTANCES
74
OBAY 3 Control Files
Control File .
-:
: .SPFILE
: .init.ora
)-: (SPFILE
-1 Control_files ) ( SPFILE
Control File .
-2 .
-3 Control Files
Control_Files
75
-4 .
Control Files .
76
)-: (init.ora
) (SPFILE
)-: (initobay.ora
-1 .
-2 Control_Files .initobay.ora
77
Control_Files
CONTROL05 .
.
-3 Control Files
. Control_Files
-5 .
.SHOW APRAMAETERS
78
-:
. Parameter
File . Control File -:
-1 :
.OBAY
79
-2 . Control File
. Trace File
Trace File
Control File . .
. user_dump_dest
.
80
. Control.trc
Control File
Tablespace Data File Trace File
.Control File
Control.trc :
81
.
-3 .
-4 INITobay.ora ) (PFILE
.
-5 Control Files .
82
-6 . NOMOUNT
-8 .RESETLOGS
-9
83
:Redo Log Files
84
.
Data Files .
GROUP
. Groups
85
Redo Log File LGWR Redo Log File
. Log Switch
Log Switch
-:
Checkpoint -:
86
: Online Redo Log Files Group
87
-: Groups Members
Groups
. current or active Groups
. Oracle Group
Members Group
. Redo Log Files
) . (Full Backup
89
-:Redo Log Files
Redo Log Files Log File
. ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE
.MOUNT
90
91
-:
.
. Roles
92
.Privileges
Resource .
.
-:
-1 30
.
-2 . .
Default Tablespace -3 Tablespace .
Temporary Tablespace -4 Tablespace .
-5 Profile .
Schema
Schema .
93
. TEST
TEST TEST
Users Tablespace Temp
. Tablespace
ACCOUNT .
:QUOTA
94
Tablespaces
.
Quota
. Tablespace
Quota Tablespace
. Unlimited
.
. Users Tablespace
. Unlimited Tablespace
.Tablespaces
95
-:
-:
DBA_TS_QUOTAS
USER_TS_QUOTAS
-:
-:
) : (Password
.
.identified by password -:
:External
.
.
OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX
$OPS
.
96
OBAY
ADMINISTRATOR
OBAYADMINISTRATOR . External
-:
-1 OS_AUTHENT_PREFIX
-2 OBAY
-3 .
97
-4 OBAYADMINISTRATOR .
:
DBA_USERS
SESSION
OBAYADMINISTRATOR
.
):(Privilege
.
98
Profile .
.
-:
-:System -1 .
700 System Privileges :
System Privileges
-:
TEST . Tablespace
ANY :
:SELECT TABLE SELECT .
:SELECT ANY TABLE SELECT
.
99
.
TEST CREATE
TABLESPACE WITH ADMIN OPTION TEST
Tablespace .TEST1
CREATE TABLESPACE .TEST
.Tablespace
: TEST1 TEST
100
System Privileges -:
:
DBA_ROLES
USER_ROLE_PRIVS
DBA_ROLE_PRIVS
ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS
SESSION_PRIVS
-:Privileges Object -2
.
TEST EXAMPLE
SELECT .TEST1
101
SELECT EXAMPLE
TEST .TEST1
-:
102
;SHOW USER
.TEST
TEST .EXAMPLE
TEST SELECT EXAMPLE
.TEST1
TEST1 SELECT :
103
TEST1 SELECT EXAMPLE
TEST .TEST2
. TEST1
SELECT . EXAMPLE
104
.TEST2
. EXAMPLE TEST2
: Objects Privileges
DBA_TAB_PRIVS
ALL_TAB_PRIVS
USER_TAB_PRIV
DBA_COL_PRIVS
ALL_COL_PRIVS
USER_COL_PRIVS
SESSION_PRIVS
105
-:ROLES
100
.
.
.ROLES
ROLE
100
ROLES
ROLES .
100
.ROLES
ROLES
.
106
ROLE
Roles .
ROLE .
ROLE .
ROLE .TEST
107
;ALTER ROLE OBAY IDENTIFIED BY OBAY
ROLE .
:PROFILES
SESSION
.PROFILE
PROFILE
ORCLE SERVER PROFILE DEFAULT
PROFILE .
PROFILE .
PROFILE
108
:FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS
.
:PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME
.
:PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME .
.PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX=UNLIMITED
:PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX .
.PASSWORD_REUSE_TIME=UNLIMITED
:PAWWORD_LOCK_TIME .
:PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME
.
:PASSWORD_VERFY_FUNTION .
:
:CONNECT TIME
.
:IDLE TIME
.
:CONCURRENT SESSIONS SESSEIONS
.
:PRIVATE SGA PRIVATE SGA
.SHARED SERVER
109
.NEWPROFILE PROFILE
PROFILE
.PROFILE
110
. PROFLE
PROFILE
DBA_PROFILES
.NEWPROFILE PROFILE
PROFILES
111
PROFILE
112
113
.
114
.
-:
-1 : .
-2 :
.
-1 -:
:
-1 :
) (Backup
115
.
-2 :DATA DICTIONARY
DATA DICTIONARY .
FALSE .O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY
10g .FALSE
:
* ANY TABLE
DROP ANY TABLE .DATA DICTIONARY
SYS .SYSDBA
-3 : PUBLIC
DATABASE SERVER USER GROP PUBLIC
.PUBLIC
.PUBLIC
116
.
-3 :
DBA ROLE ROLE
SYSDBA & DROP AY TABLE
.
-4 : FALSE
REMOTE_OS_AUTHET
. FALSE . 10g
. EXTERNAL
117
-2 -:((MONITORING OR AUDITING
-:
:Value-based auditing -2
.
10g
AUDIT_TRAIL -:
:NONE -1 .
:DB -2 . SYS
:OS -3
Widows Event Log UNIX or LINUX
. AUDIT_FILE_DEST
118
10g
.
.
AUDIT_TRAIL NONE
) (DB OR OS
.DB
.AUDIT_TRAIL
AUDIT_TRAIL DB
.
119
:Standard Database Auditing -1
). ( System Privileges and Object Privileges
) ( BY SESSION & BY ACCESS
:BY SESSION
SESSION
120
X SESSION SESSION 5
.X
SESSION .GROUP BY SESSION
:BY ACCESS 5
.
BY SESSION
BY ACCESS .
) . (SUCCESSFUL OR NOT SUCCESSFUL
TEST
SELECT
SERNAME,TERMINAL,ACTION_NAME,EXTENDED_TIMESTAMP
;FROM DBA_AUDIT_SESSION
121
TEST
NBS .
TEST
SELECT
USERNAME,TERMINAL,ACTION_NAME,TO_CHAR(EXTENDED_TIM
ESTAMP,'DD-MM-YYYY:HH-MI-
)'SS'),TO_CHAR(LOGOFF_TIME,'DD-MM-YYYY:HH-MI-SS
;FROM DBA_AUDIT_SESSION
TEST
21 .
122
. DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL
) DBA_AUDIT_SESSION
(& DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL
DBA_OBJ_AUDIT_OPTS
DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS
DBA_PRIV_AUDIT_OPTS
TEST
.
.TEST
123
* :SQL STATEMENT AUDITING
DDL .
SCHEMA
SYSTEM PRIVILEGE AUDITING
.
TEST
.SCHEMA
TEST .
124
SELECT USERNAME,OWNER,TO_CHAR(TIMESTAMP,'DD-MM-
YYYY:HH-MI-SS'),OBJ_NAME,ACTION_NAME FROM
;'DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL WHERE OWNER='TEST
TEST SCHEMA
CREATE ANY TABLE .
SQL STATEMENT :
DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS
DBA_PRIV_AUDIT_OPTS
125
* :SYSTEM PRIVILEGE AUDITING
SYSTEM PRIVILEGES
CREATE ANT TABLE
SYSTEM
PRIVILEGES BY ACCESS
BY SESSION SESSION
.
126
EMP SCHEMA TEST
.EMP
SELECT
USERNAME,OWNER,OBJ_NAME,ACTION_NAME,TO_CHAR(TIMEST
AMP,'DD-MM-YYYY:HH-MI-SS') FROM DBA_AUDIT_OBJECT
WHERE USERNAME='TEST';
127
.SYSTEM PRIVILEGES
128
.
BY SESSION .BY ACCESS
USER_MASTER SCHEMA
.TEST
TEST . USER_MASTER
SELECT USERNAME,TO_CHAR(TIMESTAMP,'DD-MM-YY:HH-
MI-SS'),OBJ_NAME,ACTION_NAME FROM DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL
'WHERE USERNAME='TEST' AND OBJ_NAME='USER_MASTER
;'AND ACTION_NAME='INSERT
129
.OBJECT PRIVILEGES
:
: - .
:A . BY ACCESS
:S .BY SESSION
130
OBJECT PRIVILEGE AUDITING
:Value-Based Auditing -2
Standard Database Auditing
. Standard Database Auditing
Value-Based Auditing Trigger
.
Value-Based Auditing
Standard Database Auditing Trigger .
BOOK_NAME
BOOK .TEST
-:
IP Address -1 .
-2 .
131
-3 .
-4 .
: ,
132
.Trigger
133
Trigger TEST .BOOK
.BOOK_AUDIT
SELECT OS_USER,TO_CHAR(UPDATE_DATE,'DD-MM-YY:HH-
;MI-SS'),IP_ADDRESS,OLD_NEW_NAME FROM BOOK_AUDIT
.Trigger
:Fine-Grained Auditing (FGA) -3
SQL
(SELECT & INSERT & UPDATE & DELETE ) :
DBMS_FGA PACKAGE -: Procedure
134
SELECT BOOK TEST
. SELECT BOOK
.
.WHERE BOOK_NO=1
.
.
ADD_POLICY AUDIT POLICY
SELECT BOOK .
Procedure
.
Procedures DBMG_FGA
.
135
DECLARE
OBJECT_SCHEMA VARCHAR2(200);
OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(200);
POLICY_NAME VARCHAR2(200);
AUDIT_CONDITION VARCHAR2(200);
AUDIT_COLUMN VARCHAR2(200);
HANDLER_SCHEMA VARCHAR2(200);
HANDLER_MODULE VARCHAR2(200);
ENABLE BOOLEAN;
STATEMENT_TYPES VARCHAR2(200);
AUDIT_TRAIL BINARY_INTEGER;
AUDIT_COLUMN_OPTS BINARY_INTEGER;
BEGIN
OBJECT_SCHEMA := 'TEST';
OBJECT_NAME := 'BOOK';
POLICY_NAME := 'BOOK_SELEC';
AUDIT_CONDITION := 'BOO_NO=1';
AUDIT_COLUMN := 'BOOK_NAME';
HANDLER_SCHEMA := NULL;
HANDLER_MODULE := NULL;
ENABLE := TRUE;
STATEMENT_TYPES := 'SELECT';
AUDIT_TRAIL := 1;
AUDIT_COLUMN_OPTS := 0;
SYS.DBMS_FGA.ADD_POLICY ( OBJECT_SCHEMA,
OBJECT_NAME, POLICY_NAME, AUDIT_CONDITION,
AUDIT_COLUMN, HANDLER_SCHEMA, HANDLER_MODULE, ENABLE,
STATEMENT_TYPES, AUDIT_TRAIL, AUDIT_COLUMN_OPTS );
COMMIT;
END;
/
:OBJECT_SCHEMA
. SELECT
136
:OBJECT_NAME SELECT.
:AUDIT_CONDITION .
:AUDIT_COLUMN .
:HANDLER_SCHEMA Procedure
.
:AUDIT_COLUMN_OPTS
AUDIT_COLUMN ) (ANY OR ANY 0
.ANY
137
EMP BOOK TEST
138
.
SELECT
USERHOST,OS_USER,DB_USER,TO_CHAR(TIMESTAMP,'DD-MM-
YY:HH-MI-SS'),SQL_TEXT FROM DBA_FGA_AUDIT_TRAIL
WHERE DB_USER='EMP;
EMP
. ADD_POLICY
AUDIT_POLICIES
.
.DBA_AUDIT_POLICIES
SELECT
POLICY_NAME,OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,POLICY_COLUM
N,SEL FROM DBA_AUDIT_POLICIES;
139
.DISABLE_POLICY AUDIT POLICY
DECLARE
OBJECT_SCHEMA VARCHAR2(200);
OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(200);
POLICY_NAME VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
OBJECT_SCHEMA := 'TEST';
OBJECT_NAME := 'BOOK';
POLICY_NAME := 'BOOK_SELECT';
SYS.DBMS_FGA.DISABLE_POLICY ( OBJECT_SCHEMA,
OBJECT_NAME, POLICY_NAME );
COMMIT;
END;
/
.ENABLE_POLICY
140
DECLARE
OBJECT_SCHEMA VARCHAR2(200);
OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(200);
POLICY_NAME VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
OBJECT_SCHEMA := 'TEST';
OBJECT_NAME := 'BOOK';
POLICY_NAME := 'BOOK_SELECT';
SYS.DBMS_FGA.ENABLE_POLICY ( OBJECT_SCHEMA,
OBJECT_NAME, POLICY_NAME );
COMMIT;
END;
/
141
DECLARE
OBJECT_SCHEMA VARCHAR2(200);
OBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(200);
POLICY_NAME VARCHAR2(200);
BEGIN
OBJECT_SCHEMA := 'TEST';
OBJECT_NAME := 'BOOK';
POLICY_NAME := 'BOOK_SELECT';
SYS.DBMS_FGA.DROP_POLICY ( OBJECT_SCHEMA,
OBJECT_NAME, POLICY_NAME );
COMMIT;
END;
/
POLICY AUDIT_POLICIES
142
143
-: Oracle Net Services -1
144
Server Database Client
Application
.
Database Server
.
: Database Server
.
Client Application
Database Server
Database Server
Oracle Net Listener Clients
Listener
Listener
.
145
Listener One Listener Listener nbs
Port 1521 TCP PROTOCOL INSTANCE
.ORCL
LISTENER
LISTENER1 NBS PORT 1521
INSTANCE ORCL . TCP PROTOCOL
-:
146
: .LISTENER1
LISTENERS .LSNRCTL
147
.LISTENER
LISTERNER.ORA
LISTENER1
LISTENER DEFAULT
LISTENER :
:
LISTENER1
START .LISTENER
148
LISTENER1 .DEFAULT LISTENER
LISTENER1 SERVICES
.WINDOWS
STATUS
SERVICE services
LISTENER.ORA .
149
INSTANCES
LISTENERS INSTANCE
INSTANCES .
150
-3 Protocol .
-4 service Instance .
Application Listener
-:
-:Easy Connect -1
Client
-:
><username>/<password>@<hostname>:<listener port>/<service name
CONN SYSTEM/SYS@NBS:1521/OBAY
:NBS .Listener
:1521 PORT .
:OBAY Instance .
.Client
-:Local Naming -2
Easy Connect )host & protocol
(& port & service name
.ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora$ UNIX
WINDOWS. %ORACLE_HOME
%\NETWORK\ADMIN\TNSNAMES.ORA
151
)& host
(protocol & port & service name
username/password@alias
.tnsnames.ora
. tnsnames.ora Client
.
Client -:
CONN USERNAME/PASSWORD@AKSLPNT1
Client AKSLPNT1 -:
:HOST KASALA-DC
:PROTOCOL .TCP
:PORT .
152
:SERVICE_NAME INSTANCE .
-:Database Link -2
Database Link
.
OBAY
153
.ORCL
OBAY ORCL
TEST OBAY EMPLOYEE
VBS ORCL Database Link TEST
OBAY VBS .ORCL
Database Link
Database Link .CREATE DATABASE LINK
TEST OBAY Database Link
VBS .ORCL
154
OBAY
TEST .CREATE DATABASE LINK
155
Database Link
synonym .
CREATE SYNONYM .
156
TEST OBAY
VBS ORCL DATABASE LINK .TESTVBS
OBAY TESTVBS
DATABASE LINK Database Link
TEST .PRIVATE DATABASE LINK
OBAY VBS
ORCL .PUBLIC DATABASE LINK
157
DATABASE LINK
DBA_DB_LINKS
USER_DB_LINKS
ALL_DB_LINKS
V$DBLINK
.DATABASE LINK
158
PUBLIC DATABASE LINK
-:Materialized Views -3
Database Link
.
Materialized Views Materialized Views
.
159
Database Link
OBAY
TEST ORCL
EMPLOYEE VBS
.OBAY
:REFRESH COMPLETE -2
Materialized Views .
.FAST
160
;CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON EMPLOYEE
EMPLOYEE .
<MLOG$_<TABLE_NAME
Materialized Views .
OBAY MAIN
Materialized Views EMPLOYEE
SUB .ORCL
-:
161
-1 MAIN OBAY .
-2 EMPLOYEE
PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT MATERIALIZED VIEWS
.WITH PRIMARY KEY
162
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE;
SELECT
OWNER,CONSTRAINT_NAME,CONSTRAINT_TYPE,TABLE_NAME
FROM USER_CONSTRAINTS;
CONSTRAINT PRIMARY EMPLYEE
.KEY
163
EMPLOYEE SUB ORCL -4
.MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG
164
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW EMPLOYEE_MV
REFRESH FAST
START WITH SYSDATE
NEXT SYSDATE + 1/(24*60*60)
WITH PRIMARY KEY
AS SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE@MAINSUB;
MATERIALIZED VIEW -6
[ SYSDATE +1/(24*60*60]
.EMPLOYEE_MV MATERIALIZED VIEW EMPLOYEE
165
;SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE_MV
-7 .
.EMPLOYEE
166
EMPLOYEE EMPLOYEE_MV
MATERIALIZED VIEW .
MLOG$_EMPLOYEE REFRESH
REFRESH REFRESH
.
MATERIALIZED VIEWS
DBA_MVIEWS
167
.
.DBA_JOBS JOBS
168
169
170
:UNDO MANAGEMENT -1
Undo Tablespace
Oracle Server Undo Information
ROLLBACK
.
Oracle
Server Undo Tablespace
Undo Tablespace
171
Tablespace
Flashback Queries
Flashback Queries
.
Rollback
Segment Oracle9i Undo Segment
.Undo Segment
Undo Tablespace
Undo Tablespace Undo Tablespace
.Undo_Tablespace
Undo Tablespace
Undo Tablespace
Undo Retention Undo Segment
UNDO_RETENTION .
0 Automatic
15
.232
173
Undo information Undo Segments
-:
:Uncommitted Undo Information -1
.
:Committed Undo Information -2
" "Unexpired
Undo Tablespace
Undo Tablespace
.Guaranteeing Undo Retention
.Undo Tablespace
.Undo Tablespace
-:
-1 :Undo Tablespace Space Error
Undo Tablespace Undo Tablespace .
ORA-01650: unable to extend rollback segment
174
Guaranteeing Undo UNDO_RETENTION
.Retention
: UNDO
DBA_UNDO_EXTENT
V$UNDOSTAT
:Flashbach Technology -2
175
:C- Flashback Version Query
From Oracle10g & Do use Undo
176
Retention.
Flashback Query :
Employee .
EMPLOYEE 8.
177
5 .
20 .
Undo segements
.
.Undo Tablespace
178
8 5 .
Employee .Employee1
.Employee
179
EMPLOYEE1 .EMPLOYEE
EMPLOYEE 20.
Session
Session
Session
Sessions
Flashback
Session
.DBMS_FLASHBACK
Session PROCEDURE
PACKAGE ENABLE_AT_TIME DBMS_FLASHBACK
DECLARE
;QUERY_TIME TIMESTAMP
BEGIN
;)QUERY_TIME := TO_TIMESTAMP(SYSDATE -1
SYS.DBMS_FLASHBACK.ENABLE_AT_TIME ( QUERY_TIME
;)
;COMMIT
;END
/
180
Session .
DML .SELECT
DISABLE DBMS_FLASHBACK
.Flashback
181
:B- Flashback Table
Flashback Table Query Oracle10g
Undo Tablespace
Undo Segments
Undo Segments Undo
Tablespace Flashback Table
.
Undo Tablespace
:
DEPT EMP .
182
EMP .
183
.Flashback Table
184
Enable Row Movement EMP Flashback Table
EMP .
Flashback Tables
Flashback Constraint .Transaction
185
: Flashback Table
ROLLBACK DEPT
EMP
.
Flashback Table
-:
-1 .Constraint Violated
-2 Enable Row Movement .
-3 :Undo Tablespace ORA-08180
no snapshot found based on specified time
-4 Flashback Table .Sys Schema
186
SELECT SALARY,VERSIONS_XID AS
XID,VERSIONS_STARTSCN,VERSIONS_ENDSCN,VERSIONS_O
PERATION FROM SALARY VERSIONS BETWEEN SCN
;MINVALUE AND MAXVALUE WHERE EMP_NO=1
1000 Insert I
1500 Update U
2000 Update .U
SCN
. Timestamp
.
: .Commited
187
:D- Flashback Transaction
Undo Data Flashback Table and Flashback versions
Undo Data For Flashback Transaction
transaction
: View Flashback Transaction
.FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION_QUERY
DESC FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION_QUERY;
188
View View
.SELECT ANY TRANSACTION PRIVILEGE
WHERE TABLE_NAME=TABLE_NAME
.SALARY
UPDATE .DEPT
189
SELECT SALARY,VERSIONS_XID AS
XID,VERSIONS_STARTSCN,VERSIONS_ENDSCN,VERSIONS_O
PERATION FROM SALARY VERSIONS BETWEEN SCN
MINVALUE AND MAXVALUE WHERE EMP_NO=1;
190
.FLASHBACK_VERSIONS AND FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION
FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION
Undo Information
.FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION_QUERY
RECYCLE BIN
.WINDOWS
RECYCLE BIN:
DBA_RECYCLEBIN
USER_RECYCLEBIN
:
SHOW RECYCLEBIN
:
USER_MASTER
.RECYCLE BIN
USER_MASTER
.
192
.
.
.PURGE
193
MASTER .
DROP TABLE <TABLE_NAME> PURGE
-:
-1 .DROP TABLE <TABLE_NAME> PURGE
-2 TABLESPACE
.DROP TABLESPACE <TABLESPACE_NAME> INCLUDING CONTENTS
-3
.DROP USER <USER_NAME> CASCADE
Flashback Database
.
Flashback Database
Truncate Table Data File
194
Flashback Database
.
Flashback Database
.
Flashback Database -:
-1 .Archive Log Mode
195
Redo Log Files
.
Background Process LGWR Redo Log
Buffer Redo Log Files Redo Log
Redo Logs
Archive Log Mode Background Process
ARCn Redo Log Files
Recovery .Recovery
Archive Log :
-A LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST
10 n_LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST
n 1 .10
196
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT
.
-:
197
ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
. ARCHIVELOG MODE
: ARCHIVELOG MODE
198
-4 :Mount
200
ALTER DATABASE FLASHBACK ON;
.Flashback
: Flashback
Flashback
201
Flashback Database :
-1 TEST .
TEST .
202
-2 Mount Flashback Database _17
54-55-08:12-06 .TEST
3 - . Resetlogs
-4 .TEST
TEST
Read Only
203
Flashback Database
Resetlogs Restlogs Log Sequence Number
) (001 .
204