ფინანსური აღრიცხვა-ხარაბაძე

1
elene xarabaZe
finansuri aRricxva
2
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universiteti
elene xarabaZe
finansuri aRricxva
saxelmZRvanelo
Tbilisi
2013
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wignSi ganxilulia finansuri aRricxvis Teoriisa da praqtikis sakiTxebi

buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.
ganxilulia fuladi saSualebebis, moTxovnebisisa da valdebulebebis,
materialuri maragebis, ZiriTadi saSualebebisa da aramaterialuri aqtivebis,
sakuTari kapitalis Semosavlebisa da xarjebis buRaltruli aRricxvis
sakiTxebi, finansuri angariSgeba da misi momzadebis teqnika.
wigni momzadebulia finansuri aRricxvis silabusis Sesabamisad da
gankuTvnilia ekonomikuri profilis umaRlesi saswavleblebis akademiuri
personalisa da studentebisaTvis, praqtikos muSakTaTvis, finansuri aRricxvis
sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli pirebisaTvis.
redaqtori: goCa TuTberiZe,

profesori
recenzentebi: nadeJda kvataSiZe,

Tsu asocirebuli profesori
zeinab gogriWiani,
Tsu asistent-profesori
rekomendebulia dasabeWdad iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis saredaqcio-sagamomcemlo
sabWos gadawyvetilebiT.
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Sinaarsi
Tavi I. fuladi saSualebebis aRricxva --------------------------------------------------8

1.1. salaros operaciebis aRricxva ------------------------------------------8
1.2. unaRdo angariSsworebis formebi --------------------------------------------15
1.3. angariSsworebis angariSis operaciebis aRricxva-------------------20
1.4. ucxouri valutiT warmoebuli operaciebis aRricxva --------------29
1.5. akreditiviT angariSsworebis aRricxva ---------------------------------34
1.6. CekebiT angariSsworebis aRricxva -----------------------------------------39
1.7. fulis droiTi Rirebuleba ---------------------------------------------------43
1.7.1. fulis droiTi Rirebulebis principi -------------------------43
1.7.2. martivi da rTuli procentebi ---------------------------------44
1.7.3. momavali da mimdinare Rirebuleba ---------------------------45
1.7.4. anuiteti -------------------------------------------------------------------------51
Tavi II. moTxovnebis aRricxva ------------------------------------------------58

2.1. moTxovnebis warmoqmnis safuZvlebi-----------------------------------------58
2.2. mimdinare (moklevadiani) moTxovnebis aRricxva --------------------59
2.3. savaWro moTxovnebis aRricxva _----------------------------------------------60
2.3.1. miwodebidan da momsaxurebidan warmoqmnili
moTxovnebis aRricxva ----------------------------------------------------60
2.3.2. saTamasuqo moTxovnebis aRricxva ----------------------------------63
2.4. daricxuli moTxovnebis aRricxva ------------------------------------------65
2.5. sxva moTxovnebis aRricxva ------------------------------------------------------66
2.6. saeWvo da uimedo moTxovnebis aRricxva -------------------------------68
2.7. grZelvadiani moTxovnebis aRricxva ---------------------------------------72
Tavi III. sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis aRricxva ---------74

3.1. sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi, maTi klasifikacia -----74
3.2. sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis Sefaseba --------------------76
3.3. sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis TviTRirebulebis
gaangariSebis meTodebi ---------------------------------------------------------80
3.4. sasaqonlo materialuri faseulobebis aRricxvis meTodebi--86
3.5. sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis gadafaseba -----------------99
Tavi IV. ZiriTadi saSualebebis aRricxva ---------------------------------103

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4.1. ZiriTadi saSualebebi, maTi aRiareba, klasifikacia
da aRricxvis amocanebi -----------------------------------------------------------103
4.2. ZiriTadi saSualebebis Sefaseba -----------------------------------------------109
4.3. ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZenis aRricxva ---------------------------------113
4.4. ZiriTadi saSualebebis eqspluataciasTan

dakavSirebuli xarjebis aRricxva ------------------------------------------124
4.5. cveTisa da amortizaciis aRricxva ------------------------------------------126
4.6. ZiriTadi saSualebebis gadafasebis aRricxva----------------------------134
4.7. ZiriTadi saSualebebis aRiarebis Sewyvetis (gasvlis)
aRricxva -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------140
Tavi V. aramaterialuri aqtivebis aRricxva---------------------------------------------------142

5.1. aramaterialuri aqtivebis arsi da saxeebi ----------------------------------142
5.2. aramaterialuri aqtivebis SeZenis aRricxva --------------------------------146
5.3. aramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizaciis aRricxva-----------------------153
5.4. aramaterialuri aqtivebis gasvlis aRricxva -----------------------------156

5.5. aramaterialuri aqtivebis gadafasebis aRricxva--------------------------157
5.6. gudvilis aRricxva----------------------------------------------------------------------------160
Tavi VI. valdebulebebis aRricxva -----------------------------------------------------------------165

6.1. valdebulebebis warmoqmna da klasifikacia-----------------------------------165
6.2. moklevadiani valdebulebebis aRricxva------------------------------------------168
6.2.1. savaWro kreditoruli valdebulebebis aRricxva ----------------168
6.2.2. moklevadiani Tamasuqebis aRricxva ----------------------------------------172
6.2.3. avansebisa da dasabrunebeli depozitebis aRricxva--------------174
6.3. sagadasaxado valdebulebebis aRricxva ----------------------------------------175
6.3.1. damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadis aRricxva--------------------175
6.3.2. mogebis gadasaxadis aRricxva --------------------------------------------------177
6.3.3. sxva sagadasaxado valdebulebebis aRricxva -------------------------181
6.4. daricxuli valdebulebebis aRricxva ---------------------------------------------181

6.4.1. gadasaxdeli xelfasis aRricxva ---------------------------------------------181
6.4.2. gadasaxdeli procentebis da dividendebis aRricxva -------------185
6.4.3. sagarantio valdebulebis aRricxva ----------------------------------------186
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6.5. grZelvadiani valdebulebebis aRricxva -------------------------------------186
Tavi VII. sakuTari kapitalis aRricxva ---------------------------------------------------------189

7.1. kapitali, misi arsi da struqtura ---------------------------------------------189
7.2. saaqcio sazogadoebis sawesdebo kapitalis aRricxva---------------190
7.2.1. aqciebis gamoSvebis aRricxva --------------------------------------------194
7.2.2. aqciebis gavrceleba xelmoweriT ------------------------------------195
7.2.3. aqciebis gamoSveba ofcioniT ---------------------------------------------197
7.2.4. aqciebis konvertireba -------------------------------------------------------198
7.2.5. aqciebis danawevreba ----------------------------------------------------------198
7.2.6. sakuTari aqciebis gamosyidva da xelaxla gayidva-----------199
7.2.7. aqciebis gamoSvebis xarjebis aRricxva ----------------------------200
7.3. sarezervo kapitalis aRricxva ----------------------------------------------------201
7.4. SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebis sakuTari
kapitalis aRricxva -----------------------------------------------------------------------205
Tavi VIII. Semosavlebisa da xarjebis aRricxva ----------------------------------------------207

8.1. Semosavlebi da xarjebi, maTi klasifikacia -------------------------------207
8.2. Semosavlebis aRiareba da Sefaseba ----------------------------------------------212
8.3. saqonlis gayidvidan miRebuli amonagebis aRricxva ----------------------215
8.4. momsaxurebis gawevidan miRebuli amonagebis aRricxva ------------------223
8.5. procentebis, roialtebisa da dividendebis aRricxva----------------------225
8.6. xarjebis aRiareba da Sefaseba------------------------------------------------------------228

8.7. konversiis danaxarjebiis aRricxva da produqciis
TviTRirebulebis gaangariSeba ----------------------------------------------------------230
8.8. periodis xarjebis aRricxva --------------------------------------------------------------250
8.9. sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis
aRricxva -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------254
8.10. valutis kursis cvlilebiT miRebuli Semosavlebisa da
xarjebis aRricxva ------------------------------------------------------------------------259
Tavi IX. finansuri angariSgeba --------------------------------------------------------------- 262

9.1. finansuri angariSgebis komponentebi da elementebi --------------------262
9.2. finansuri angariSgebis mosamzadebeli daskvniTi samuSaoebi---------264
9.3. finansuri angariSgebis momzadebis teqnika --------------------------------------271
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9.3.1. angariSgeba mogebisa da zaralis Sesaxeb ------------------------------271
9.3.2. sakuTari kapitalis cvlilebebis angariSgeba ----------------------276

9.3.3. buRaltruli balansi -------------------------------------------------------------278
9.3.4. fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba ----------------------------------------------282
kiTxvebi TviTSemowmebisaTvis ---------------------------------------------------------------290

Semajamebeli amocana -----------------------------------------------------------------------------307
saswavlo kursis silabusi ---------------------------------------------------------------------338
danarTebi:
1. angariSTa gegma -----------------------------------------------------------------------------350
2. fulis droiTi Rirebulebis cxrilebi -------------------------------------366
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Tavi I. fuladi saSualebebis
aRricxva
1.1. salaros operaciebis aRricxva
sawarmos Tavisi fuladi saSualebebi SeiZleba ganTavsebuli hqondes

salaroSi an bankSi gaxsnil angariSsworebis angariSze.
sawarmos salaros meSveobiT xorcieldeba naRdi fulis moZraobasTan
dakavSirebuli operaciebi, romlebic sawarmoSi uSualod naRdi fuladi
saSualebebis miRebiT, maTi droebiT SenaxviTa da gacemiT Semoifargleba.
salaros operaciebis warmoebis wesi reglamentirebulia saqarTvelos
erovnuli bankis debulebiT `salaros meurneobis Sesaxeb.
salaros meurneobis organizeba sawarmos xelmZRvanels evaleba, xolo
salaros operaciebs molare axorcielebs. igi materialurad pasuxismgebel pirs
warmoadgens da valdebulia daicvas salaros meurneobis Sesaxeb moqmedi
debulebis moTxovnebi.
salaros operciebis dokumenturi gaformeba da maTi buRaltrul
registrebSi asaxva dadgenili wesiT xorcieldeba.
salaroSi naRdi fulis miReba mxolod Semosavlis orderiT xdeba,
romelic dadasturebuli unda iyos mTavari buRaltris an mis mier rwmunebuli
piris xelmoweriT. salaros Semosavlis orderi brZanebaa molarisadmi,
salaroSi fuladi saSualebebis misaRebad. igi gamoiwereba erT calad, melniT
an burTuliani kalmiT. misi rekvizitebia: salaris Semosavlis orderi, #, visgan
aris miRebuli salaroSi fuli da ra daniSnulebiT, Tanxa (rogorc cifrebiT,
aseve sityvebiTac). salaros Semosavlis orders xels awers mTavari buRalteri,
Semdeg ki, molare _ fulis miRebaze. Semdeg mocemulia organizaciis dasaxeleba
da miTiTeba, buRaltruli Canaweris Sesaxeb, Tu sad unda registrirdes
salaros Semosavlis orderiT gaformebuli Tanxa. radgan es dokumenti salaros
Semosavlis orderia, cxadia, yvela SemTxvevaSi unda dafiqsirdes salaroSi
naRdi fulis zrda. amitom misi miTiTeba saWiro ar aris. aqvea buRaltris xelis
mowera. salaros Semosavlis orders marjvena mxares aqvs mosaxevi qviTari.
qviTarSi igive rekvizitebia mocemuli, rac orderSi. orderis SuaSi Camosaxev
xazze daismeba organizaciis beWedi. fulis Semomtanze gaicema mTavri
buRaltrisa da molaris xelmoweriT dadasturebuli Semosavlis orderis meore
nawili qviTari, romelzec asaxuli iqneba piris mrgvali beWdis naxevari.
mTavari buRaltrisa da molaris xelmowerili qviTari eZleva salaroSi fulis
Semomtan pirs, Tanxis salaroSi Semotanis dasturad.
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salaros gasavlis orderi warmoadgens brZanebas molarisadmi, rom man
salarodan gasces fuladi saSualebebi. msgavsad salaros Semosavlis
orderisa, salaros gasavlis orderic gamoiwereba erT calad, melniT. masSi
aRiniSneba visze gaica fuli da ra daniSnulebiT. salaros gasavlis orders,
damuSavebisas unda gaukeTdes aRniSvna, rogor aisaxos buRaltrul aRricxvaSi
orderiT gaformebuli Tanxa.
sawamos momsaxure bankidan naRdi fulis miReba da piriqiT, misi bankSi

Cabareba regulirdeba `sakredito dawesebulebebSi sakaso operaciebis warmoebis
wesebis Sesaxeb~ erovnuli bankis debulebiT.
sabanko dawesebuleba pirebze naRd fuls gascems Cekis safuZvelze, xolo
piri (sawarmo) am Tanxas SemosavalSi aiRebs salaros Semosavlis orderiT,
romlis meore nawili qviTari miekvreba bankis im dRis amonawers (avizos),
roca moxda sabanko daweseblebidan am Tanxis gacema.
salaros Semosavlisa da gasavlis orderebs, molareze Sesasruleblad
gadacemamde, registracia ukeTdeba specialur JurnalSi da miekuTvneba nomeri.
salaros Semosavlisa da gasavlis orderebi Semdegi saxisaa:
sawarmo, organizacia sawarmo, organizacia
salaros Semosavlis orderi # qviTari

salaros Semosavlis
dokumentis Sedgenis mokoresp. analizuri Tanxa miznobrivi orderi #
# TariRi angariSi aRricxvis daniSnul.
kodi kodi miRebulia ------------------
___________________ ____________________
safuZveli_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
miRebulia ___________________________________________________ Tanxa ______________
safuZveli____________________________________________________ ___________________
_________________________________________________ lari___-TeTri
________________________________ lari ______ TeTri _________ `__~____________20.. w.

(sityvierad)
`___~_________200__w.
b.a.
danarTi _____________________________________ mT.buRalteri:
mTavari buRalteri molare:
10
sawarmo, organizacia
salaros gasavlis orderi #

dokumentis Sedgenis mokoresp. analizuri Tanxa miznobrivi
# TariRi angariSi aRricxvis daniSnulebis
kodi kodi
gaices ___________________________________________________
(gvari, saxeli)
safuZveli__________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________ lari ________ TeTri ________
(sityvierad)
danarTi ____________________________________________________________________________
xelmZRvaneli: mTavari buRalteri:
miiRo: ___________________________________________lari_______TeTri__________
`___~_____________200__w. xelmowera:
mimRebi pirovnebis damadasturebeli dokumentis dasaxeleba, nomeri, TariRi, gacemis adgili

gasca molarem:
maSasadame, salarodan naRdi fulis yovelgvari gacema aucileblad unda

iyos dadasturebuli salaros gasavlis orderiT. igi warmoadgens brZanebas
molarisadmi orderSi aRniSnuli Tanxis gacemis Sesaxeb, e.i. saTanado wesiT
gamowerili salaros gasavlis orderi jer gadaecema molares, romelic Semdeg
mis safuZvelze axdens salarodan Tanxis gacemas. gamonakliss warmoadgens
salarodan Tanxis gacema, salaros gasavlis orderis gareSe, xelfasebis,
premiebis, daxmarebebis, stipendiebis da sxvaTa saxiT (Tu aseTs adgili aqvs),
erovnuli bankis mier dadgenil vadebSi (sami dRe), romlebic Sesabamisi
sagadasaxado uwyisebiT xdeba. amgvari Tanxebis gacemis samdRiani vadis gasvlis
Semdeg, sagadasaxado uwyisebi Semowmdeba molaris mier da daixureba, anu xdeba
gaucemeli Tanxis deponireba. uwyisSi im pirovnebaTa mimarT, romlebsac ar
miuRiaT kuTvnili Tanxa, keTdeba deponirebis aRniSvna da dgeba deponirebuli
Tanxebis reestri. uwyisis bolos keTdeba SeniSvna faqtobrivad gacemuli da
gaucemeli Tanxebis Sesaxeb, romelic eqvemdebareba deponirebas, rac dasturdeba
xelmoweriT. sagadasaxado uwyisiT faqtobrivad gacemul Tanxaze gamoiwereba
salaros gasavlis orderi. monacemebi faqtobrivad gacemuli Tnxebis Sesaxeb
iwereba salaros wignSi. buRalteria amowmebs ra molaris mier gadacemul
dokumentebs, deponirebuli Tanxebi Seaqvs momsaxure bankis dawesebulebaSi,
razec agreTve, gamoiwereba gasavlis orderi.
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salarodan naRdi fulis gacemisas, molare valdebulia fulis mimRebs
mosTxovos piradobis damadasturebeli dokumenti.
molarem TanamSromlebis obieqturi mizezebiT aryofnis SemTxvevaSi, fuli
SeiZleba gasces mindobilobiT. mindobiloba damowmebuli unda iqnes kadrebis
Sesabamisi struqturuli qvedanayofis mier. mindobilobiT gacemuli Tanxebis
Sesaxeb molaris mier salaros operaciebisaTvis gankuTvnil dokumentebSi
(orderi da uwyisi), keTdeba Sesabamisi aRniSvna. mindobiloba Tan daerTvis
uwyiss da gasavlis orders.
salaros Semosavlisa da gasavlis orderebs Tan erTvis Sesabamisi
dokumentebi, rogorc operaciis moxdenis safuZveli. aRniSnuli orderebiT
operaciebis ganxorcieleba dasaSvebia mxolod maTi Sevsebis dRes. salaros
orderebi ivseba burTuliani kalmiT da masSi nebismieri Sesworebis an
cvlilebebis Setana akrZalulia.
salaros operaciebTan dakavSirebuli sabuTebis warmoebisas molare
valdebulia Seamowmos misi rekvizitebi, Tu sabuTebi ar aris zusti, is
gadaecema buRalterias saTanado gaformebisaTis. molare salaros orderebze
xels awers fulis miRebis an gacemis operaciis moxdenisTanave. molare adgens
Semosaval-gasavlebis orderebis reestrs.
salaroSi Semosuli da gacemuli naRdi fuli, Sesabamisi orderebis
safuZvelze aRiricxeba salaros wignSi, romelsac yoveldRiurad awarmoebs
molare. molare avsebs mxolod erT zonargayril, gverdebdanomril da luqian
salaros wigns, romelic damowmebuli unda iyos sawarmos xelmZRvanelisa da
mTavari buRaltris xelmoweriT.
salaros wignis TiToeuli gverdi ori nawilisagan Sedgeba, rac salaros
wignSi Canaweris or calad gakeTebis saSualebas iZleva, piris gadamRebi
qaRaldis meSveobiT. orive piri erTi da imave nomriT aRiricxeba. amaTgan
pirveli rCeba salaros wignSi, xolo meore piri moixeva da TandarTul
dokumentebTan erTad gadaecema buRalterias. igi sawarmos buRalteriasTan
molaris saangariSgebo dokuments warmoadgens.
salaros wignSi Canawerebis waSla, amofxeka, gadasworeba dauSvebelia.
nebismieri Secdomis gasworeba unda moxdes SecdomiT (arasworad) Canaweris
gadaxazviT, ise rom gadaxazuli Canaweri ikiTxebodes da mis nacvlad gakeTdes
swori Canaweri, rac dadasturebuli unda iqnes molaris da mTavari buRaltris
xelmoweriT. amJamad moqmedi debulebiT `salaros meurneobis Sesaxeb salaros
wignis warmoeba savaldebulo ar aris.
salaros Semowmeba moulodnelad xdeba. salaros Semowmebis
perioduloba ganisazRvreba sawarmos xelmZRvanelobis mier. Semowmebis Sedegebi
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Sesabamisad unda iqnas asaxuli buRaltrul aRricxvaSi. fuladi saSualebebis
danaklisis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, igi daewerebaT damnaSave pirebs, romlebic
pasuxs ageben moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad.
iuridiuli pirebi, romlebic axdenen `saqarTvelos mosaxleobasTan
fuladi angariSsworebis gaxorcielebisas sakontrolo-sakaso aparatebis
gamoyenebis Sesaxeb~ Sesabamisi brZanebulebiT gansazRvrul savaWro operaciebsa
da momsaxurebas, valdebulni arian mosaxleobasTan fuladi angariSsworeba
awarmoon mxolod sakontrolo-sakaso aparatebis gamoyenebiT. aqedan gamomdinare,
maT mTavar salarosTan erTad unda hqondeT saoperacio salaroc, romlis
daniSnulebaa momxmarebelTa momsaxureba sakontrolo-sakaso aparatebis
meSveobiT.
sakontrolo sakaso aparatebis gamoyenebis, registraciis da teqnikuri
momsaxurebis pirobebi saqarTvelos finansTa saministros dadgenilebiT
ganisazRvreba.
yoveli samuSao dRis dasawyissa da bolos, fiqsirdeba sakontrolo
sakaso aparatis maCveneblebi da Seitaneba molaris wignSi. samuSao dRis bolos,
saoperacio salaros molare naRd fuls abarebs mTavar salaros, sadac
gamoiwereba salaros Semosavlis orderi. am orderis monacemebi Seitaneba
molaris wignSi. salaros operaciebis dasrulebis Semdeg, yvela monacemi
erTmaneTs unda daemTxves.
salaros meSveobiT ganxorcielebuli operaciebis aRsaricxavad, moqmedi
angariSTa gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulia angariSi #1110 `naRdi fuli erovnuli
valutaSi~ da #1120 `naRdi fuli ucxour valutaSi~. am ukanasknels iyeneben is
pirebi, romelTa ekonomikuri saqmianoba dakavSirebulia naRdi ucxouri valutis
moZraobasTan.
angariSebi #1110 `naRdi fuli erovnuli valutaSi~ da #1120 `naRdi fuli
ucxour valutaSi~ sawarmos naRdi fuladi saSualebebis amsaxveli da
maSasadame, aqtiuri angariSebia. aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, am angariSebs
normaluri saldo debetis mxares aqvs, maT debetSi aisaxeba saangariSgebo
periodis ganmavlobaSi naRdi fuladi saSualebebis miReba, Gxolo kreditSi _
naRdi fuladi saSualebebis gacema. isini realuri, mudmivi angariSebia da
maSasadame, maTze saangariSgebo periodis bolosaTvis ricxuli saldo (naSTi)
gadaitaneba balansSi, aqtivebis, kerZod mimdinare aqtivebis SemadgenlobaSi
muxliT _ `fuladi saSualebebi~.
angariSi `naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi~ Tavisi debetiT SeiZleba
ukavSirdebodes Semdegi angariSebis kredits:
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1. fuladi saSualebebis amsaxveli sxva angariSebis kredits, rogoricaa: `naRdi
fuli ucxour valutaSi~ _ naRdi ucxouri valutis konvertacisas;
èrovnuli valuta rezident bankSi~- sabanko angariSidan naRdi fulis
gamotanisas;
2. investiciebis (moklevadiani da grZelvadiani) amsaxveli angariSebis kredits,

investirebuli Tanxebis naRdi angariSsworebiT dafarvisas, fasiani
qaRaldebis (aqciebi, obligaciebi) gayidvisas;
3. sxvadasxva saxis debitoruli davalianebebiT warmoqmnili moTxovnebis naRdi

angariSsworebiT dafarvisas moTxovnebis amsaxveli angariSebis kredits,
rogoricaa, moTxovnebi miwodebiT da momsaxurebiT; moTxovnebi mekavSire
sawarmoebis mimarT; moTxovnebi sawarmos personalis mimarT; moTxovnebi
partniorebze gacemuli sesxiT; moTxovnebi kapitalis Sevsebaze (mimdinare
nawili); moTxovnebi gacemuli avansebiT; miRebuli moklevadiani Tamasuqebi;
misaRebi dividendebi; misaRebi procentebi da a.S.;
4. grZelvadiani aqtivebis gayidvisas, aqtivebis amsaxveli Sesabamisi angariSebis

kredits, rogoricaa magaliTad, Senobebis, manqana-danadgarebis da sxva
angariSebi;
5. sxvadasxva saxis sesxebis miRebisas, sesxebis saxeebis mixedviT, Sesabamisi

sesxebiT warmoqmnili valdebulebebis amsaxveli angariSebis kredits.
magaliTad, moklevadiani sesxebi, sesxebi partniorebisagan, grZelvadiani
sesxebi da sxva;
6. Semosavlebis miRebisas _ Semosavlebis amsaxveli angariSebis kredits,

Semosavlebis saxeebis mixedviT. magaliTad, Semosavali realizaciidan; sxva
saoperacio Semosavlebi; saprocento Semosavlebi; Semosavlebi dividendebiT;
gansakuTrebuli Semosavlebi da a.S. angariSebis amave jgufs miekuTvneba
`miRebuli avansebi~, romelic daumsaxurebel, gamoumuSavebel anu winaswar
miRebul Semosavals warmoadgens.
angariSi `naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi~ Tavisi kreditiT SeiZleba
ukavSirdebodes Semdegi angariSebis debets:
1. fuladi saSualebebis amsaxveli sxva angariSebis debets, rogoricaa:
èrovnuli valuta rezident bankSi~ _ sabanko angariSze naRdi fulis
14
Setanisas; `naRdi fuli ucxour valutaSi~ _ naRdi erovnuli valutis
konvertacisas;
2. investiciebis (moklevadiani da grZelvadiani) amsaxveli angariSebis debets,

Tanxebis investirebisas; fasiani qaRaldebis (aqciebi, obligaciebi) SeZenisas;
3. moTxovnebis amsaxveli angariSebis debets _ sxvadasxva debitorebidan

zedmetad miRebuli TanxebiT angariSsworebisas;
4. sasaqonlo_materialuri maragebis amsaxveli angariSebis debets, maragebis

konkretuli saxeebis mixedviT (masalebis angariSi, saqonlis angariSi),
maragebis aRricxvis uwyveti (mudmivi) meTodis gamoyenebisas, an Sesyidvebis
amsaxveli angariSebis debets (SeZenili masalebi, SeZenili saqoneli),
maragebis aRricxvis perioduli (wyvetili) meTodis gamoyenebisas;
5. winaswar gaweuli xarjebis angariSebis debets, am xarjebis saxeebis mixedviT.

magaliTad, winaswar anazRaurebuli momsaxureba, winaswar gadaxdili saijaro
qira, winaswar gaweuli dazRvevis xarji, winaswar gadaxdili mogebis
gadasaxadi, winaswar gadaxdili qonebis gadasaxadi da a.S.;
6. grZelvadiani aqtivebis SeZenisas, aqtivebis calkeuli jgufebis amsaxveli

Sesabamisi angariSebis debets, rogoricaa magaliTad, Senobebis, manqana-
danadgarebis, aramaterialuri aqtivebis da sxva angariSebi;
7. valdebulebebis amsaxveli Sesabamisi angariSebis debets, valdebulebebis

naRdi angariSsworebis wesiT gastumrebisas (dafarvisas), rogoricaa,
mowodebidan da momsaxurebidan warmoqmnili valdebulebebi, gadasaxdeli
xelfasi, valdebulebebi sawarmos personalis winaSe, valdebulebebi
mekavSire sawarmoebis winaSe, sesxebi (moklevadiani, grZelvadiani),
sagadasaxado valdebulebebi_gadasaxadebis saxeebis mixedviT, daricxuli
valdebulebebis amsaxveli angariSebi da sxva;
8. danaxarjebis amsaxveli angariSebis debets, rogoricaa, miwodebis xarjebis

amsaxveli angariSebi, saerTo da administraciuli xarjebis amsaxveli
angariSebi, arasaoperacio da gansakuTrebuli xarjebis amsaxveli angariSebi.
15
1.2. unaRdo angariSsworebis
formebi
sawarmoebi, TavianTi sameurneo saqmianobidan gamomdinare, sxva

sawarmoebTan, dawesebulebebTan, organizaciebTan, an pirebTan angariSsworebas
axorcieleben naRdi an unaRdo formiT.
angariSsworebaTa saerTo moculobaSi naRdi angariSsworeba SedarebiT
umniSvnelo unda iyos da maSasadame, ZiriTadad, saangariSsworebo operaciaTa
ganxorcieleba unaRdo angariSsworebaTa gziT xdeba. angariSsworebebis unaRdo
wesiT warmoeba mizanSewonili da misaRebia rogorc sawarmoebisaTvis, aseve
saxelmwifosaTvis, romelic Tavs uyris sawarmoTa Tavisufali fuladi
saSualebebis did nawils da brunvaSi CarTavs maT.
angariSsworebaTa ganxorcielebis procesis daCqarebas didi mniSvneloba
eniWeba. igi sawarmoTa finansuri mdgomareobis ganmtkicebis erTerTi saSualebaa.
ekonomikur subieqtebs Soris angariSsworebas saqarTvelos sabanko sistema
axorcielebs, saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis mier dadgenili wesebis Sesabamisad.
es wesebi erTnairad vrceldeba yvela iuridiul da fizikur pirze, miuxedavad
maTi organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formisa, romelTac saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, bankSi gaxsnili aqvT angariSsworebis angariSi.
yovelgvari angariSsworeba ar SeiZleba erTidaigive formiT
ganxorcieldes. sxvadasxva saxis angariSsworebisas gamosayeneblad sxvadasxva
forma SeiZleba iyos mizanSewonili. unaRdo angariSsworebis dros SeiZleba
gamoyenebul iqnes:
sagadasaxado davalebebi;
akreditivebi;
sagadaxdo moTxovna_davalebebi;
Cekebi;
sainkaso davalebebi.
rac Seexeba angariSsworebis formas Tanxebis gadamxdelsa da mis mimRebs

Soris, igi ormxrivi xelSekrulebiT regulirdeba.
angariSsworeba sagadaxdo davalebiT unaRdo angariSsworebis farTod

gavrcelebuli formaa. misi ZiriTadi arsi mdgomareobs masSi, rom gadamxdeli
Tavis momsaxure banks aZlevs davalebas, misi angariSidan gansazRvruli Tanxis
16
mimRebis angariSze gadaricxvis Sesaxeb. sagadaxdo davalebis gamoyenebis vada 10
dRea, misi gamoweris dRis CauTvlelad.
gadamxdeli momsaxure banks warudgens gadaxdis davalebas erovnuli
bankis mier dadgenili formiT.
gadamxdelis momsaxure bankis mier sagadaxdo davaleba Sesasruleblad
miiReba gadamxdelis angariSze Sesabamisi fuladi saSualebebis arsebobis
SemTxvevaSi. gamonakliss warmoadgens gadaxdis davalebebi, warmodgenili
biujetis da masTan gaTanabrebul gadasaxdelebze, romlebic bankis mier
Sesasruleblad miiReba gadamxdelis angariSze Tanxebis arsebobis miuxedavad.
aseTi gadaxdis davalebebi momsaxure bankis mier aRiricxeba vadaze
gaunaRdebeli sabuTebis saxiT da Tavsdeba Sesabamis karTotekaSi.
produqciis Tanabarzomieri da mudmivi miwodebisas angariSsworeba
mxareebs Soris SeiZleba ganxorcieldes xelSekrulebis safuZvelze, davalebiT
gegmuri gadaxdebis wesiT. davalebebi SeiZleba iyos:
vadiani;
vadamdeli;
gadavadebuli;
vadiani gadaxda iTvaliswinebs gadaxdas saqonlis gadatvirTvis Semdeg, e.i.

saqonlis pirdapiri aqceptis gziT, an msxvili garigebisas nawilobriv
gadaxdas.
vadamdeli gadaxda gulisxmobs saqonlis Rirebulebis gadaxdas

gadatvirTvamde, avansis saxiT.
gadavadebuli gadaxda pirvelad dadgenili vadis gadavadebas niSnavs, rac

gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos xelSekrulebiT.
unaRdo angariSsworebisas SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes safosto

gzavnilebi. safosto gzavnilebis saxiT gadamxdels SeuZlia fuladi
saSualebebis gadagzavna kavSirgabmulobis sawarmoebis meSveobiT, Tanxis
odenobis SeuzRudavad. safosto gzavnilebi gamoiyeneba calkeul moqalaqeTa
kuTvnili TanxebiT (pensiebi, alimentebi, xelfasi da sxva) angariSsworebisas da
gansakuTrebiT, im geografiul erTeulebSi, sadac banki ar aris.
angariSsworeba akreditivebiT gamoiyeneba saqalaqTaSoriso

angariSsworebis dros da igi erTgvar SezRudvas warmoadgens myidvelisaTvis.
17
akreditivi aris bankis mier, klientis davalebiT, misi kontragentis
sasargeblod, xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad gacemuli fuladi valdebuleba, romlis
mixedviTac akreditivis gamxsneli (emitenti) banki valdebulia, klientis
(akreditivis davalebis mimcemis) TxovniTa da gankarkulebiT, miTiTebuli
dokumentis sanacvlod gadauxados mesame pirs (remitents) am piris brZanebiT
fuladi Tanxa, an gaanaRdos remitentisagan gadmopirebuli Tamasuqi, moaxdinos
aqcepti, an/da daavalos sxva banks am operaciis ganxorcieleba, Tu Sesrulda
sakredito pirobebi. klienti ki, valdebulia gadaixados SeTanxmebuli sazRauri.
SeiZleba gaixsnas Semdegi saxis akreditivebi:
dafaruli (deponirebuli) an daufaravi (garantirebuli);
gamoTxoviTi an gamouTxovari.
dafarul (deponirebul) akreditivad iTvleba akreditivebi, romelTa

gaxsnisas gamxsneli banki droebiT gadaricxavs gadamxdelis sakuTar saxsrebs an
misTvis gacemul kredits remitentis bankis gankargulebaSi calke sabalanso
angariSze _ àkreditivebi~.
daufaravi (garantirebuli) akreditivi SeiZleba gaixsnas bankebs Soris

sakorespondento urTierTobebis Camoyalibebis dros, Semsrulebel bankSi.
erTdroulad mas eZleva akreditivis gamxsneli (emitenti) bankis angariSidan
akreditivis mTeli Tanxis Camoweris ufleba.
TiToeul akreditivSi aRiniSneba, SeiZleba Tu ara misi gamoTxova. Tu
aseTi miniSneba ar aris, akreditivis gamoTxova akrZalulia.
gamoTxoviTi akreditivi SeiZleba Seicvalos an gauqmdes gamxsneli bankis

mier remitentTan winaswari SeTanxmebis gareSe im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ar aris
daculi xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebi, an roca gamxsneli banki
vadamde uars ambobs akreditivis gadaxdis garantiaze.
SesaZlebelia gamoTxoviTi akreditivis pirobebis Secvla. am SemTxvevaSi
gadamxdels ufleba aqvs Sesabamisi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb gankargulebebi misces
remitents (gamyidvels), mxolod gamxsneli (emitenti) bankis saSualebiT, romelic
amis Sesaxeb acnobebs remitentis banks, es ukanaskneli ki, remitents.
Semsrulebeli banki valdebulia gaanaRdos sabuTebi, romlebic Seesabameba
remitentis mier wardgenili akreditivis pirobebs da miiRos remitentis bankma am
ukanasknelis mier akreditivis gauqmebis an Secvlis Setyobinebis miRebamde.
18
gamouTxovari akreditivi SeiZleba daamowmos Semsrulebelma bankma, Tu
gamxsneli (emitenti) banki uflebamosilebas aZlevs an Txovs Semsrulebel banks,
daadasturos misi gamouTxovari akreditivi. aseTi dasturi akreditivis
gamxsneli bankis valdebulebasTan erTad warmoadgens damadasturebeli bankis
damatebiT myar valdebulebas, ganaxorcielos gadaxdebi akreditiviT misi yvela
pirobis dacvis SemTxvevaSi. damowmebuli gamouTxovari akreditivis dros
gadaxdaze pasuxs agebs rogorc gamxsneli banki, ise damadasturebeli banki.
Semsrulebeli bankis mier daumowmebeli gamouTxovari akreditivis
gadaxdaze pasuxs agebs mxolod gamxsneli banki.
gamouTxovari akreditivi ar SeiZleba Seicvalos an gauqmdes remitentis
Tanxmobis gareSe.
remitents SeuZlia vadamde uari Tqvas akreditivis gamoyenebaze, Tu es
gaTvaliswinebulia akreditivis pirobebiT.
akreditivi unda gaixsnas mxolod erT remitentTan angariSsworebisaTvis.
akreditivi vadiania. akreditivis moqmedebis vada da angarissworebis wesi
ganisazRvreba akreditivis davalebis mimcemsa da remitents Soris dadebuli
xelSekrulebiT, romelSic unda aRiniSnos:
gamxsneli bankis dasaxeleba;
akreditivis saxeoba da misi Sesrulebis wesi;
remitentis mier akreditiviT saxsrebis misaRebad warmosadgeni sabuTebis
sruli CamonaTvali da zusti dasaxeleba;
sabuTebis wardgenis vadebi, moTxovnebi sabuTebis gaformebisaTvis;
xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva pirobebi.
gamxsneli bankis mier garantirebuli akreditivebi gaixsneba myidvelTan

dadebuli xelSekrulebisa da sxva bankTan sakorespondento urTierTobebis
pirobebis Sesabamisad. aseT akreditivebs remitentis banki Seasrulebs arsebuli
wesis dacviT.
angariSsworeba sagadaxdo moTxovna-davalebebiT xdeba mimwodebels

(gamyidvelsa) da myidvels Soris miwodebis dokumentebis (sabuTebis) safuZvelze,
igi warmoadgens mimwodeblis moTxovnas myidvelisadmi gaanaRdos xelSekrulebis
Sesabamisad miwodebuli produqciis, Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis an gaweuli
momsaxurebis Rirebuleba.
vada, romlis ganmavlobaSic gadamxdeli valdebulia waradginos bankSi
sagadaxdo moTxovna-davaleba, ganisazRvreba mxareebs Soris dadebuli
xelSekrulebiT da bankis mier ar kontroldeba.
19
sagadaxdo moTxovna-davalebis ganaRdebaze mTlianad an nawilobriv uaris
Tqmis SemTxvevaSi, gadamxdeli acnobebs uSualod mimwodebels, xelSekrulebiT
daTqmuli wesiT da vadebSi.
xelSekrulebiT gaiTvaliswineba agreTve, gadamxdelis pasuxismgebloba mis
mier bankSi sagadaxdo moTxovna-davalebis dagvianebiT wardgenisaTvis.
CekebiT angariSsworebisas ZiriTad dokuments saangariSsworebo Ceki

warmoadgens. Ceki fasiani qaRaldia, romelic gamoiyeneba rogorc gadaxdis
saSualeba. igi erTiani nimuSis mixedviT mzaddeba da aris mkacri aRricxvis
blanki. CekebiT angariSsworebis dros Cekis gamcemi, banks aZlevs werilobiT
davalebas CekSi aRniSnuli Tanxis ganaRdebis Sesaxeb. Cekis gamowera SeiZleba
mxolod im sabanko dawesebulebaze, romelSic inaxeba Cekis gamcemis saxsrebi,
rac mas uflebas aZlevs saerTo wesiT gankargos es saxsrebi Cekis saSualebiT.
Cekebs gamoiyeneben rogorc fizikuri, ise iuridiuli pirebi, `Cekis Sesaxeb~
saqarTvelos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis dacviT.
sainkaso davalebebiT angariSsworeba xdeba dadgenil vadebSi gadauxdeli

sagadasaxado da sxva valdebulebebis, sawarmoebis Tanxmobis gareSe, udavo
wesiT gadaxdevinebisas, sasamarTlo da sxva organoebis gadawyvetilebaTa
safuZvelze, romelTac kanonmdeblobiT gaaCniaT gadasaxdelTa dakisrebis
uflebamosileba. udavo wesiT saxsrebis amoRebas axdenen mxolod sasamarTlo
aRmasruleblebi da moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, msgavsi
uflebamosilebis mqone pirebi. gadamxdelis angariSebidan saxsrebis Camowera
xdeba sasamarTloebis mier gacemuli saaRsrulebo furclebisa da
kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad masTan gaTanabrebuli dokumentebis safuZvelze.
bankSi wardgenil sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas, saaRsrulebo furcelsa da
sainkaso davalebas Soris ar SeiZleba arsebobdes raime saxis
urTierTSeusabamoba. analogiuri wesi vrceldeba sxva dokumentebis safuZvelze
udavo wesiT gadaxdevinebisasac. udavo wesiT saxsrebis Camowerisas saaRsrulebo
dokumentebi waredgineba uSualod im sabanko dawesebulebas, sadac gaxsnilia
movalis angariSi. aRniSnuli moTxovnebis arasrulyofilad dacvis SemTxvevaSi,
sabanko dawesebulebaSi udavo wesiT Tanxis Camosawerad wardgenili sabuTebi
daubrundeba warmdgens.
sainkaso davalebebs banki miiRebs angariSsworebis angariSze saxsrebis
arsebobis miuxedavad. angariSsworebis angariSze saxsrebis ukmarosobis
SemTxvevaSi davaleba moTavsdeba karTotekaSi da ganaRdeba moxdeba pirvel
rigSi saxsrebis Semosvlis kvalobaze mTlianad an nawilobriv.
20
1.3. angariSsworebis angariSis
operaciebis aRricxva
yvela sawarmos, romelic damoukidebel iuridiul erTeuls warmoadgens,

bankSi gaexsneba angariSsworebis angariSi. angariSsworebis angariSis
gasaxsnelad iuridiulma pirma bankSi unda waradginos Semdegi dokumentebi:
gancxadeba angariSsworebis angariSis gaxsnaze;
notarialuri wesiT damowmebuli xelmowerebis (faqsimile) da beWdis nimuSi;
sawarmos wesdebisa da sadamfuZneblo dokumentebis asli, danomrili,
zonargayrili da notarialurad damowmebuli;
saxelmwifo registraciis mowmobis asli;
cnoba sagadasaxado inspeqciaSi gadamxdelad aRricxvaze ayvanis Sesaxeb.
banki gauxsnis ra sawarmos angariSsworebis angariSs, miakuTvnebs mas
morig nomers da sawarmos ukve SeuZlia am angariSis meSveobiT ganaxorcielos
fuladi saSualebebis moZraobasTan dakavSirebuli operaciebi. angariSsworebis
angariSze ganTavsebulia ra sawarmos fuladi saSualebebi, misi ganmkargveli
sawarmos xelmZRvaneli da mTavari buRalteria. banki mxolod asrulebs
operaciebs, romelTa gaxorcielebac dadasturebulia sawarmos xelmZRvanelisa
da mTavari buRaltris xelmoweriT. banki emsaxureba sawarmos rezidents,
masTan dadebuli xelSekrulebis safuZvelze da am momsaxurebisaTvis Rebulobs
Sesabamis anazRaurebas. igi angariSsworebis angariSis meSveobiT axorcielebs
momxdari operaciebis kontrols, raTa ar dauSvas iseTi operaciebis moxdena,
romlebic ar Seesabamebian sawarmos wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebul saqmianobas an
arRveven saSualebebis gamoyenebisa da angariSsworebis dadgenil wess.
angariSsworebis angariSis meSveobiT xorcieldeba rogorc naRdi, ise
unaRdo operaciebi. naRdi operaciebi dakavSirebulia uSualod naRdi fulis
moZraobasTan, aseTebia: naRdi fulis Setana angariSsworebis angariSze, an naRdi
fulis gamotana angariSsworebis angariSidan. unaRdo operaciebSi uSualod
fuladi niSnebis moZraoba ar igulisxmeba. igi xorcieldeba angariSsworebis
angariSze Tanxis GCaricxviT, an angariSsworebis angariSidan Tanxis
gadaricxviT.
bankSi Sesasruleblad wardgenili saangariSsworebo dokumentebi
(sabuTebi) unda Seesabamebodes moTxovnebs da maTSi unda aRiniSnos:
saangariSsworebo sabuTis dasaxeleba;
saangariSsworebo sabuTis nomeri, gamoweris TariRi;
gadamxdeli bankis dasaxeleba da kodi;
21
gadamxdelis dasaxeleba, misi angariSis nomeri bankSi;
Tanxebis mimRebis dasaxeleba, misi angariSis nomeri bankSi, mimRebi bankis
dasaxeleba (CekSi ar aRiniSneba), bankis kodi 9 nomeri;
gadamxdelisaTvis (mimRebisaTvis) sagadasaxado organoebis mier miniWebuli
saidentifikacio kodi;
gadaxdis daniSnuleba (CekSi ar mieTiTeba) teqstobrivad;
gadasaxdeli Tanxa cifrebiT da sityvebiT.
sabuTis Sedgenis wesis miuxedavad, sabuTis pirvel pirze unda iyos
saTanado xelmowerebi, dadasturebuli beWdiT.
angariSsworebis angariSze naRdi fulis Setana formdeba `gancxadebiT
naRdi fulis Setanaze~. mas avsebs angariSsworebis angariSze fulis Semtani erT
calad da Tavadve awers xels.
angariSsworebis angariSidan naRdi fulis gamotana xdeba GCekiT. Ceki
(fuladi) moTavsebulia saCeko wignakSi. igi mkacri angariSgebis blanks
warmoadgens da maSasadame, dadgenili wesiT unda inaxebodes (cecxlgamZle
karadaSi da a. S.). Ceki gamoiwereba xeliT, melniani an burTuliani kalmiT.
Secdomebi, Casworebebi da amoSlebi saangariSsworebo dokumentebSi saerTod, da
m. S. CekSi dauSvebelia. Ceki gamoiwereba mTavari buRaltris mier, erT calad.
misi rekvizitebia: Cekis mflobelis (gamomweris) dasaxeleba da angariSsworebis
angariSis nomeri, Cekis nomeri, romelic ganmeorebulia Cekis marjvena, zeda
kuTxeSi, Cekis gamoweris TariRi, Tanxa (cifrebiT da sityvebiT), bankidan fulis
gamomtanis gvari, saxeli, mamis saxeli. Ceks xels awers sawarmos xelmZRvaneli
da mTavari buRalteri, romelTa xelweris nimuSi (faqsimile) winaswar
wardgenilia bankSi da daesmeba sawarmos beWedi. Cekis meore gverdze mieTiTeba
bankidan gamotanili Tanxis gamoyenebis daniSnuleba, romelic agreTve
dasturdeba Sesabamisi xelmoweriT da bankidan fulis gamomtanis piradobis
damadasturebeli dokumentebis monacemebi. CekTan erTad ivseba Cekis yua,
romelSic igive rekvizitebia, rac CekSi. yua rCeba saCeko wignakSi. Cekis
gamoyenebis vada aTi dRea, romlis gasvlis Semdeg, gamouyenebeli Ceki unda
gauqmdes. gauqmebuli Ceki brundeba saCeko wignakSi.
bankis meSveobiT gaxorcielebuli unaRdo operaciebi formdeba sagadaxdo
davalebiT, sagadaxdo moTxovna_davalebiT da a.S.
sagadaxdo davalebebi, sagadaxdo moTxovna-davalebebi, rogorc wesi,
teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT gamoiwereba, piris gadasaRebi qaRaldis qveS
erTi SesrulebiT, an dednis gamravlebiT bankisaTvis an angariSsworebaSi
monawile mxareebisaTvis saWiro raodenobiT.
22
gadamxdelis angariSsworebis angariSidan Tanxebi Camoiwereba mxolod
saangariSsworebo sabuTis pirveli piris safuZvelze, Tu saqarTvelos erovnuli
bankis miTiTebiT sxva wesi ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli. saangariSsworebo sabuTis
yvela pirze banki aRniSnavs miRebisa da ganaRdebis TariRs, amasTan
gadamxdelisaTvis gankuTvnil sabuTs dausvams saxelobiT, an nomrian Stamps.
sagadaxdo davaleba warmoadgens sawarmos davalebas bankisadmi, rom man
sawarmos angariSsworebis angariSidan Camoweros Tanxa da gadaricxos igi
mimRebis angariSze, sagadaxdo davalebaSi miTiTebuli rekvizitebis Sesabamisad.
gadamxdeli banks warudgens sagadaxdo davalebas, dadgenili formis blankiT
sam an oTx calad, angariSsworebaSi monawile mxareTa erT qalaqSi an sxadasxva
qalaqSi ganlagebis mixedviT, sagadaxdo davaleba Semdegi saxisaa:
sagadaxdo davaleba ^#
TariRi -
gadamxdelis dasaxeleba _
angariSi
saident. Kkodi (debeti) Tanxa
gadamxdelis banki - kodi
Tanxa sityvebiT
mimRebis dasaxeleba -
saident. Kkodi angariSi (krediti)
mimRebi banki - bankis kodi

biujetis Semosavlis saxazino kodi bankis aRniSvnebi
gadaxdis daniSnuleba -
bankSi Semosvlis dro. .

gatarebulia bankis
mier . .
damatebiTi informacia xelmowera
Stampis
xelmowerebi: xelmZRvaneli b.a. adgili
sagadaxdo moTxovna-davaleba warmoadgens mimwodeblis moTxovnas meore

mxarisadmi, myidvelisadmi, gaanaRdos xelSekrulebis Sesabamisad miwodebuli
produqciis, Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis an gaweuli momsaxurebis Rirebuleba.
mimwodebeli sagadaxdo moTxovna-davalebas gamowers Sesabamis blankze sam
calad da TandarTul sabuTebTan erTad gaugzavnis uSualod myidvels. aqedan,
pirveli egzemplari gadamxdelis angariSidan Tanxebis Camoweris safuZvels
warmoadgens da operaciis Sesrulebis Semdeg rCeba bankis dRiur sabuTebSi;
meore egzemplari gadamxdelis momsaxure bankis mier gaigzavneba mimwodeblis
23
momsaxure bankSi, xolo mesame - daubrundeba gadamxdels operaciis
ganxorcielebis dasturad.
sagadaxdo moTxovna-davalebis mTlianad an nawilobriv ganaRdebaze
Tanxmobis (aqceptis) SemTxvevaSi gadamxdeli mas gaaformebs angariSis gankargvis
uflebis mqone pirebis xelmoweriT, beWdis dasmiT da Caabarebs Tavis momsaxure
banks. sagadaxdo moTxovna-davaleba bankis mier Sesasruleblad miiReba
gadamxdelis angariSze saxsrebis arsebobisas. sagadaxdo moTxovna-davalebis
ganaRdebaze aqcepts (Tanxmobas ganaRdebaze) akeTebs gadamxdeli. aqceptze
mTlianad an nawilobriv uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi, gadamxdelma unda acnobos
uSualod momwodebels xelSekrulebiT daTqmuli wesiT da vadebSi.
sagadaxdo moTxovna-davaleba Semdegi saxisaa:
Semovida bankSi sagadaxdo moTxovnaTa davaleba #
`------~ _______________ 20w.
(Stampis adgili)
gadamxdeli ___________________________________________________
kodi debeti Tanxa
gadamxdelis banki ________________________ kodi ang.#

(dasaxeleba da adgilsamyofeli)
mimRebi -____________________________________________________ krediti

kodi ang.#
mimRebis banki ____________________________ kodi ang.#

b.a. (gadaxdis daniSnuleba, saqonlis, Sesrulebuli samuSaos, gaweuli gadasaxdeli

momsaxurebis dasaxeleba, xelSekrulebis TariRi da #) Tanxa
miRebis xelmowerebi: debeti
ang.#
(gadasaxdeli Tanxa sityviT) krediti
ang.#
saravi
gatarebulia bankis mier TiToeul
dReze ___%
`------~ __________ 20__w. ______lari
b.a.
gadamxdelis xelmowerebi: bankis xelmowerebi: (Tanxa
sauraviTurT)
sawarmos angariSsworebis angariSidan misi Tanxmobis gareSe, udavo wesiT

saxsrebis gadaxdevineba SeiZleba moxdes sasamarTlo da sxva organoebis
gadawyvetilebaTa safuZvelze, romelTac kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad gaaCniaT
gadasaxdelTa dakisrebis uflebamosileba.
24
gadamxdelis angariSidan saxsrebis Camowera xdeba sasamarTlos mier
gacemuli saaRsrulebo furclebisa da masTan gaTanabrebuli dokumentebis
safuZvelze. saaRsrulebo furclebs an masTan gaTanabrebul dokumentebs bankSi
wardgenisas Tan erTvis gankarguleba saxsrebis Camoweris Sesaxeb oTx
egzemplarad, romelic Seivseba sainkaso davalebis blankze. sainkaso davalebaSi
aucileblad unda mieTiTos normatuli aqtis saxelwodeba, muxli (punqti),
romliTac saxsrebis amomRebs micemuli aqvs udavo Camoweris ufleba.
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze saxsrebis Camowerisas banks waredgineba
aseve, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis pirveli piri an dublikati. banks SeiZleba
waredginos sasamarTlos mier Sesabamisi wesiT damowmebuli gadawyvetilebis
amonaweri. bankSi wardgenil sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebas, saaRsrulebo
furcelsa da sainkaso davalebas Soris raime saxis urTierTSeusabamoba ar
SeiZleba arsebobdes. analogiuri wesi vrceldeba sxva dokumentebis safuZvelze
udavo wesiT gadaxdevinebisasac.
sainkaso davalebis meore mxares keTdeba aRniSvnebi nawilobriv gadaxdaze.
sainkaso davalebebs banki miiRebs angariSsworebis angariSze saxsrebis
arsebobis miuxedavad. angariSsworebis angariSze saxsrebis ukmarisobis
SemTxvevaSi davaleba bankis mier aiReba kartoTekaSi da ganaRdeba moxdeba
pirvel rigSi saxsrebis Semosvlis kvalobaze mTlianad an nawilobriv.
sainkaso davaleba Semdegi saxisaa:
Stampis adgili
Semovida gadamxdelis bankSi
sainkaso davaleba (gankarguleba) #

`___~ _____________ 20__w.
gadamxdeli _________________________________________________ debeti Tanxa
ang. #
saidentifikacio kodi
gadamxdelis banki ________________________kodi

mimRebi ____________________________________
krediti
saidentifikacio kodi ang.#
mimRebis banki ____________________________ kodi

(gadasaxdeli Tanxa sityvebiT)
(gadaxdis daniSnuleba, normatiuli aqtis nomeri, TariRi, punqti, romliTac warmoebs udavo wesiT Camowera)
b. a. warmdgenis xelmowerebi: gatarebulia bankis mier:

1. `___~___________ 20__w.
2. bankis xelmowerebi:
25
angariSsworebis angariSis meSveobiT ganxorcielebuli unaRdo
angariSsworebis calke saxes akreditiviT da CekebiT angariSsworeba
warmoadgens.
akreditivis gaxsna (wardgena) xdeba gamxsneli bankis mier akreditivze
gancxadebis safuZvelze.
CekebiT angariSsworebisas gamoiyeneba saangariSsworebo Ceki.

saangariSsworebo Cekebi TavianTi SinaarsiT gansxvavdebian fuladi Cekebisagan.
sawarmo periodulad, Tavisi momsaxure bankidan Rebulobs amonawers
angariSsworebis angariSidan (avizos), amonaweri angariSsworebis angariSidan
keTdeba bankis mier da egzavneba klients (sawarmos). masSi asaxulia
angarisSworebis angariSiT ganxorcielebuli yoveldRiuri operaciebi, am
operaciebis Sedegad momxdari cvlilebebi da fuladi saSualebebis naSTi
(Semavali da gamomavali) amonaweris momzadebis momentisaTvis.
amonaweri angariSsworebis angariSidan (avizo), romelic sawarmoSi

miRebulia bankidan, damuSavdeba mTavari buRaltris mier. damuSavebaSi upirveles
yovlisa, igulisxmeba amonaweris (avizos) sisworis Semowmeba, misi Sesabamisoba
operaciis moxdenis damadasturebel dokumentebTan. Semowmebis Sedegad
aRmoCenili Secdomis an sxva Seusabamobis SemTxvevaSi unda ecnobos momsaxure
banks, amonaweris miRebidan araugvianes 10 dRis ganmavlobaSi. amonaweris
damuSavebisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba is, rom bankSi, angariSsworebis angariSze
ganTavsebuli fuladi saSualebebi sawarmos kuTvnilebaa, misi ganmkargveli
sawarmoa, banki mxolod inaxavs mas da momsaxurebas uwevs sawarmos, Tanaxmad
xelSekrulebisa, am saSualebebis moZraobasTan dakavSirebuli operaciebis
ganxorcielebaSi, e. i. momsaxure bankisaTvis sawarmo klients warmoadgens da
angariSsworebis angariSze ganTavsebuli TanxebiT mis winaSe valdebulia.
amitom, angariSsworebis angariSze ricxuli fuladi saSualebebi sawarmos
aqtivebia, da Sesabamisad, maTi arsebobisa da moZraobis aRsaricxavad
gamoyenebuli angariSi _ aqtiuri angariSia, romelsac normaluri saldo debetis
mxares unda qondes. bankisaTvis ki, igi valdebulebis amsaxveli angariSia,
romlis normaluri saldo sakreditoa. aqedan gamomdinare, bankidan miRebul
amonawerSi (avizoSi) sawarmos fuladi saSualebebis periodis dasawyisisa da
bolosaTvis (Semavali da gamavali naSTi), agreTve periodis ganmavlobaSi Tanxis
zrda, maTi miReba asaxulia kreditis svetSi, xolo Tanxis Semcireba, gadaricxva,
Camowera, naRdi fulis gacema _ debetis svetSi. angariSsworebis angariSis
amonaweris aRniSnuli Tavisebureba misi damuSavebisas unda gaiTvaliswinos
26
sawarmos buRalterma da amonaweris debetis svetSi asaxuli Tanxebi, Sesabamis
angariSebTan korespondenciiT asaxos angariSsworebis angariSis operaciebis
aRsaricxavad gankuTvnili angariSis kreditSi da piriqiT, amonaweris kreditis
svetSi asaxuli Tanxebi _ Sesabamis angariSebTan korespondenciiT,
angariSsworebis angariSis debetSi.
amonaweri angariSsworebis angariSidan warmoadgens ra buRaltruli

Canawerebis safuZvels, buRaltris mier, misi Semowmebis Semdeg debetisa da
kreditis svetebSi ganTavsebuli TiToeuli Tanxis gaswvriv keTdeba
mokorespondento angariSis miTiTeba. angariSsworebis angariSis amonaweris
(avizos) damuSaveba unda moxdes bankidan misi miRebisTanave. SecdomiT Caricxuli
an Camowerili Tanxebi unda gamocalkevdes da maT garkvevamde Sesabamisad
aisaxos, rogorc pretenziebs daqvemdebarebuli Tanxebi.
amonaweri angariSsworebis angariSidan Semdegi saxisaa:
amonaweri angariSsworebis angariSidan (avizo) Semdegi saxisaa:

amonaweri piradi angariSidan #; TariRi;
banki (filiali) pasuxismgebeli Semsrulebeli
klienti (sawarmos dasaxeleba) bolo brunvis TariRi
valuta _ qarTuli lari valutis kursi 0.0000
Semavali naSTi _ 01/01/2013-Tvis pasivi 0.00
mokorespodento
s debeti krediti eq. operaciis Sinaarsi
ab.# angariSi lari
sul
gamomavali naSTi _ 01/01/2013-Tvis pasivi 0.00
angariSsworebis angariSis meSveobiT ganxorcielebuli operaciebis

aRsaricxavad, bass-is mixedviT SemuSavebuli da sadReisod moqmedi angariSTa
gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulia angariSi #1210 èrovnuli valuta rezident bankSi~.
igi sawarmos fuladi saSualebebis amsaxveli da maSasadame, aqtiuri angariSia.
aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, am angariSs normaluri saldo debetis mxares aqvs,
mis debetSi aisaxeba saangariSgebo periodis ganmavlobaSi fuladi saSualebebis
miReba, GCaricxva, xolo kreditSi _ fuladi saSualebebis gacema, gadaricxva.
angariSi èrovnuli valuta rezident bankSi~ realuri, mudmivi angariSia da
maSasadame, am angariSze saangariSgebo periodis bolosaTvis (31 dekembrisaTvis)
27
ricxuli saldo (naSTi) gadaitaneba balansSi, aqtivebis, kerZod mimdinare
aqtivebis SemadgenlobaSi muxliT _ `fuladi saSualebebi~.
angariSi èrovnuli valuta rezident bankSi~ Tavisi debetiT SeiZleba
ukavSirdebodes Semdegi angariSebis kredits:
1. fuladi saSualebebis amsaxveli sxva angariSebis kredits, rogoricaa: naRdi

fuli erovnul valutaSi _ sabanko angariSze naRdi fulis Setanisas;
ucxouri valuta rezident bankSi _ misi konvertaciisa da erovnul valutaSi
gadayvanisas; akreditivebi _ akreditivis vadis gasvlis SemTxvevaSi
akreditivze wardgenili Tanxis dabrunebisas;

investirebuli Tanxebis dafarvisas, fasiani qaRaldebis (aqciebi, obligaciebi)
gayidvisas;
3. sxvadasxva saxis debitoruli davalianebebiT warmoqmnili moTxovnebis

dafarvisas, moTxovnebis amsaxveli angariSebis kredits, rogoricaa,
moTxovnebi miwodebiT da momsaxurebiT; moTxovnebi mekavSire sawarmoebis
mimarT; moTxovnebi sawarmos personalis mimarT; moTxovnebi partniorebze
gacemuli sesxiT; moTxovnebi kapitalis Sevsebaze (mimdinare nawili);
moTxovnebi gacemuli avansebiT; miRebuli moklevadiani Tamasuqebi; misaRebi
dividendebi; misaRebi procentebi; dasabrunebeli gadasaxadebis amsaxveli
angariSebi da a.S.
4. grZelvadiani aqtivebis gayidvisas, aqtivebis amsaxveli Sesabamisi angariSebis

kredits, rogoricaa magaliTad, Senobebis, manqana-danadgarebis da sxva
angariSebi.
5. sxvadasxva saxis sesxebis miRebisas, sesxebis saxeebis mixedviT, Sesabamisi

sesxebiT warmoqmnili valdebulebebis amsaxveli angariSebis kredits.
magaliTad, moklevadiani sesxebi, sesxebi partniorebisagan, grZelvadiani
sesxebi da sxva,
6. sagadasaxado valdebulebebis amsaxveli angariSebis kredits, gadaxdili

gadasaxadebis ukandabrunebis SemTxvevaSi, maTi saxeebis mixedviT.
7. Semosavlebis miRebisas _ Semosavlebis amsaxveli angariSebis kredits,

Semosavlebis saxeebis mixedviT. magaliTad, Semosavali realizaciidan; sxva
saoperacio Semosavlebi; saprocento Semosavlebi; Semosavlebi dividendebiT;
28
gansakuTrebuli Semosavlebi da a.S. angariSebis amave jgufs miekuTvneba
`miRebuli avansebi~, romelic daumsaxurebel, gamoumuSavebel anu winaswar
miRebul Semosavals warmoadgens.
angariSi èrovnuli valuta rezident bankSi~ Tavisi kreditiT SeiZleba

1. fuladi saSualebebis amsaxveli sxva angariSebis debets, rogoricaa: naRdi

fuli erovnul valutaSi _ sabanko angariSidan naRdi fulis gamotanisas;
ucxouri valuta rezident bankSi _ erovnuli valutis (laris)
konvertaciisa da ucxour valutaSi gadayvanisas; akreditivebi _ akreditivis
wardgenisas (gaxsnisas);

Tanxebis investirebisas; fasiani qaRaldebis (aqciebi, obligaciebi) SeZenisas;



6. grZelvadiani aqtivebis SeZenisas, aqtivebis calkeuli jgufebis amsaxveli

Sesabamisi angariSebis debets, rogoricaa magaliTad, Senobebis, manqana-
danadgarebis, aramaterialuri aqtivebis da sxva angariSebi;

gastumrebisas (dafarvisas), rogoricaa, miwodebidan da momsaxurebidan
warmoqmnili valdebulebebi, valdebulebebi mekavSire sawarmoebis winaSe,
sesxebi (moklevadiani, grZelvadiani), sagadasaxado valdebulebebi _
29
gadasaxadebis saxeebis mixedviT, daricxuli valdebulebebis amsaxveli
angariSebi, gadasaxdeli xelfasi da sxva;

1.4. ucxouri valutiT warmoebuli

operaciebis aRricxva
sawarmoebi ekonomikuri saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas gamoiyeneben e. w.
samuSao valutas. samuSao valuta aRniSnavs im ZiriTadi ekonomikuri garemos va-
lutas, sadac sawarmo eweva saqmianobas, akeTebs da xarjavs fuls. bass-is
Tanaxmad, samuSao valutis gansazRvrisas sawarmo iTvaliswinebs Semdeg faqto-
rebs:
valutas, romelic umTavres gavlenas axdens saqonlisa da momsaxurebis

realizaciis fasebze; da
valutas, romelic umTavres gavlenas axdens saqonlisa da momsaxurebis

uzrunvelyofasTan dakavSirebuli masalebis, SromiT da sxva danaxarjebze.
mniSvnelovania agreTve, iseTi faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebac, rogoricaa: va-

luta, romelSic miiReba saxsrebi safinanso saqmianobidan (e.i. savalo da wilob-
rivi instrumentebis gamoSvebidan) da valuta, romelSic, Cveulebriv, xdeba saope-
racio saqmianobidan miRebuli saxsrebis Senaxva.
saqarTvelos sawarmoebisaTvis samuSao valuta aris lari, romelic
warmoadgens warsadgen valutas. warsadgeni valuta aRniSnavs valutas, romelic
gamoiyeneba sawarmos finansuri angariSgebis warsadgenad.
sawarmoebs, romlebic axorcieleben sagareo-ekonomikur saqmianobas,
warmoeqmnebaT ucxouri valutis gamoyenebis aucilebloba. ucxouri valuta
aRniSnavs yvela sxva valutas, romelic ar warmoadgens sawarmos samuSao
valutas.
sawarmom sagareo-ekonomikuri saqmianoba SesaZloa ganaxorcielos ori
gziT _ gaaCndes ucxouri qveganayofi an awarmoebdes sameurneo operaciebs ucxo-
uri valutiT. garda amisa, SesaZloa, sawarmo finansur angariSgebas waradgendes
ucxour valutaSi.
30
amocanas warmoadgens is, Tu:
rogor unda asaxos sawarmom finansur angariSgebaSi ucxouri valutiT
Sesrulebuli operaciebi an misi ucxouri qveganayofis saqmianoba;
rogor unda gadaiangariSos finansuri angariSgeba warsadgen valutaSi.
aRniSnul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisaTvis gadasawyvetia ZiriTadad, ori sakiTxi:

romeli gasacvleli savaluto kursi unda gamoiyenos sawarmom;
rogor unda aisaxos finansur angariSgebaSi savaluto kursebis cvlile-
bebiT gamowveuli Sedegebi.
finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisas, TiToeuli sawarmo, imis miuxedavad,
ras warmoadgens igi _ damoukidebel sameurneo erTeuls, sameurneo erTeuls,
romelic ucxour valutaSi awarmoebs operaciebs, Tu ucxour qveganayofs _ gan-
sazRvravs Tavis samuSao valutas. sawarmo, ucxour valutaSi gansazRvrul mux-
lebs gadaiangariSebs Tavis samuSao valutaSi da gadaangariSebis Sedegebs anga-
riSgebaSi waradgens. ucxouri valutiT warmoebuli operacia iseTi operaciaa,
romelic gansazRvrulia ucxour savaluto erTeulebSi an moiTxovs angariSswo-
rebas ucxouri valutiT. aseTi tipis operaciebi warmoiqmneba maSin, rodesac:
sawarmo yidulobs an yidis ucxouri valutiT Sefasebul saqonelsa da momsa-
xurebas;
sawarmo iRebs an gascems sesxs, romlis misaRebi an gadasaxdeli Tanxebi gan-
sazRvrulia ucxour savaluto erTeulSi; an
sawarmo iZens an yidis ucxouri valutiT Sefasebul aqtivebs, iRebs an faravs
ucxouri valutiT Sefasebul valdebulebebs.
bass-iT ucxouri valutiT warmoebuli operaciebi Tavdapirvelad unda aisa-

xos samuSao valutiT, operaciis Sesrulebis dRisaTvis samuSao valutasa da mo-
cemul ucxour valutas Soris arsebuli spot savaluto kursis mixedviT. spot
savaluto kursi aris savaluto kursi dauyovneblivi miwodebisaTvis.
praqtikaSi xSirad iyeneben operaciis Sesrulebis momentisaTvis arsebul
savaluto kursTan miaxloebul savaluto kurss. magaliTad, SeiZleba gamoyene-
bul iqnes kviris an Tvis saSualo savaluto kursi, Tumca, Tu savaluto kursi
mniSvnelovnad meryeobs, saSualo savaluto kursis gamoyeneba ar aris misaRebi.
bass-is mixedviT, yoveli saangariSgebo periodis bolos unda gadaangariS-
des:
ucxouri valutiT Sefasebuli fuladi sabalanso muxlebi _ saboloo sa-
valuto kursis gamoyenebiT;
31
arafuladi sabalanso muxlebi, romlebic asaxulia ucxouri valutiT pir-
vandeli Rirebulebis meTodiT _ operaciis Sesrulebis TariRisaTvis arse-
buli savaluto kursiT;
arafuladi sabalanso muxlebi, romlebic asaxulia ucxour valutaSi gan-

sazRvruli realuri RirebulebiT _ realuri Rirebulebis dadgenis dRi-
saTvis arsebuli savaluto kursiT (bass - 21).
fuladi muxlisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli arsebiTi niSania fiqsirebuli an

gansazRvradi raodenobis fulis erTeulebis miRebis ufleba (an miwodebis val-
debuleba). fuladi muxlebia: pensiebi da momuSaveTa sxva gasamrjeloebi, romlis
gadaxda fuliT unda moxdes; anaricxebi, fuladi dividendebi, romelic aRiarebu-
lia valdebulebis saxiT da sxva. arafuladi muxlisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli arse-
biTi niSania fiqsirebuli an gansazRvradi raodenobis fulis erTeulebis miRe-
bis uflebis (an miwodebis valdebulebis) ararseboba. arafuladi muxlebia: sa-
qonlisa da momsaxurebisaTvis gadaxdili Tanxebi (mag., gadaxdili saijaro qira);
gudvili; aramaterialuri aqtivebi; sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi; ZiriTa-
di saSualebebi da anaricxebi, romlisTvisac angariSsworeba arafuladi aqtive-
biT unda moxdes.
rac Seexeba sakurso sxvaobebs, romlebic warmoiqmneba fuladi muxlebis

ganaRdebis an maTi gadaangariSebis dros, unda aRiardes mogebaSi an zaralSi im
saangariSgebo periodSi, rodesac igi warmoiqmneba.
bass-is mixedviT, rodesac fuladi muxlebi ucxouri valutiT warmoebuli
operaciebisagan warmoiqmneba da savaluto kursi Seicvleba operaciis TariRsa
da saangariSsworebo TariRs Soris drois monakveTSi, maSin warmoiqmneba sakur-
so sxvaoba. Tu angariSsworeba imave saangariSgebo periodSi moxda, rodesac ope-
racia ganxorcielda, maSin yvela sakurso sxvaoba aRiardeba imave saangariSgebo
periodSi. meore mxriv, rodesac angariSsworeba xorcieldeba romelime momdevno
saangariSgebo periodSi, sakurso sxvaoba, romelic aRiarebulia TiToeul wina
saangariSgebo periodSi angariSsworebis periodamde, ganisazRvreba am periodis
sakurso sxvaobis cvlilebiT.
rodesac arafulad muxlTan dakavSirebuli Semosuloba an zarali pirdapir
sakuTar kapitalSi aRiardeba, maSin Semosulobisa da zaralis Semadgeneli sa-
kurso sxvaobis nebismieri komponentic pirdapir sakuTar kapitalSi unda aRiar-
des. xolo rodesac arafulad muxlTan dakavSirebuli Semosuloba an zarali
mogebaSi an zaralSi aRiardeba, maSin Semosulobisa da zaralis Semadgeneli sa-
kurso sxvaobis nebismieri komponentic mogebaSi an zaralSi aRiardeba.
32
ucxouri valutiT ganxorcielebuli operaciebis aRsaricxavad, moqmedi
angariSTa gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulia angariSebi: 1220 - ùcxouri valuta
rezident bankSi~; 1230 - ùcxouri valuta ararezident bankSi~. isini sawarmos
fuladi saSualebebis amsaxveli da maSasadame, aqtiuri angariSebia. aqedan
gamomdinare, cxadia, am angariSebs normaluri saldo debetis mxares aqvT,
debetSi aisaxeba saangariSgebo periodis ganmavlobaSi ucxouri savaluto
erTeulebSi gamosaxuli fuladi saSualebebis miReba, GCaricxva, xolo kreditSi
_ fuladi saSualebebis gacema, gadaricxva. isini realuri, mudmivi angariSebia
da maSasadame, am angariSebze saangariSgebo periodis bolosaTvis ricxuli
saldo (naSTi) gadaitaneba balansSi, aqtivebis, kerZod mimdinare aqtivebis
SemadgenlobaSi muxliT _ `fuladi saSualebebi~.
am angariSebis meSveobiT xorcieldeba rogorc naRdi, ise unaRdo
operaciebi. naRdi operaciebi dakavSirebulia uSualod naRdi ucxouri valutis
moZraobasTan, aseTebia: naRdi ucxouri valutis Setana sabanko angariSebze, an
naRdi ucxouri valutis gamotana sabanko angariSebidan. unaRdo operaciebSi
uSualod fuladi niSnebis moZraoba ar igulisxmeba. igi xorcieldeba sabanko
angariSebze ucxouri valutis CaricxviT, an sabanko angariSebidan ucxouri
valutis gadaricxviT.
angariSi ùcxouri valuta rezident bankSi~ (ùcxouri valuta
ararezident bankSi~) Tavisi debetiT SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes Semdegi
angariSebis kredits:
1. fuladi saSualebebis amsaxveli sxva angariSebis kredits, rogoricaa: naRdi

fuli ucxour valutaSi, _ sabanko angariSze naRdi ucxouri valutis
Setanisas; naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi
_ erovnuli valutis konvertaciisa da ucxour valutaSi gadayvanisas;
akreditivebi _ akreditivis vadis gasvlis SemTxvevaSi akreditivze
wardgenili ucxouri valutis dabrunebisas;

investirebuli Tanxebis ucxouri valutiT dafarvisas, fasiani qaRaldebis
(aqciebi, obligaciebi) gayidvisas;
3. moTxovnebis amsaxveli angariSebis kredits _ sxvadasxva saxis debitoruli

davalianebebiT warmoqmnili moTxovnebis ucxouri valutiT dafarvisas;
33
4. grZelvadiani aqtivebis amsaxveli Sesabamisi angariSebis kredits _ aqtivebis
gayidvisas, rogoricaa magaliTad, Senobebis, manqana-danadgarebis da sxva
angariSebi.
5. sesxebiT warmoqmnili valdebulebebis amsaxveli angariSebis kredits _

sxvadasxva saxis sesxebis ucxouri valutiT miRebisas, sesxebis saxeebis
mixedviT, magaliTad, moklevadiani sesxebi, sesxebi partniorebisagan,
grZelvadiani sesxebi da sxva,
6. Semosavlebis ucxouri valutiT miRebisas _ Semosavlebis amsaxveli

angariSebis kredits, Semosavlebis saxeebis mixedviT. magaliTad, Semosavali
realizaciidan; sxva saoperacio Semosavlebi; saprocento Semosavlebi;
Semosavlebi dividendebiT; gansakuTrebuli Semosavlebi da a.S.
angariSi ùcxouri valuta rezident bankSi~ Tavisi kreditiT SeiZleba

1. fuladi saSualebebis amsaxveli sxva angariSebis debets, rogoricaa: naRdi

fuli ucxour valutaSi _ sabanko angariSidan naRdi ucxouri valutis
gamotanisas; ucxouri valuta rezident bankSi _ ucxouri valutis
konvertaciisa da erovnul valutaSi (lari) gadayvanisas; akreditivebi _
akreditivis ucxouri valutiT wardgenisas (gaxsnisas);

ucxouri valutiT Tanxebis investirebisas; fasiani qaRaldebis (aqciebi,
obligaciebi) SeZenisas;


34
6. grZelvadiani aqtivebis ucxouri valutiT SeZenisas, aqtivebis calkeuli

jgufebis amsaxveli Sesabamisi angariSebis debets, rogoricaa magaliTad,
Senobebis, manqana-danadgarebis, aramaterialuri aqtivebis da sxva angariSebi;

ucxouri valutiT gastumrebisas (dafarvisas), rogoricaa, miwodebidan da
momsaxurebidan warmoqmnili valdebulebebi, valdebulebebi mekavSire
sawarmoebis winaSe, sesxebi (moklevadiani, grZelvadiani), daricxuli
valdebulebebis amsaxveli angariSebi da sxva;

1.5. akreditiviT angariSsworebis

aRricxva
unaRdo angariSsworebis erTerT formas akreditiviT angariSsworeba

warmoadgens. akreditivi niSnavs myidvelis davalebas misi momsaxure bankisadmi,
rom man myidvelis angariSsworebis angariSze ricxuli Tanxis gansazRvruli
nawili waradginos (gaxsnas) momwodeblis momsaxure bankSi, mis mier operaciis
moxdenis damadasturebeli dokumentebis wardegenisTanave angariSsworebis
moxdenisaTvis. maSasadame, akreditivi gulisxmobs ra myidvelsa da momwodebels
Soris angariSsworebis ganxorcielebas momwodeblis momsaxure bankis meSveobiT,
iwvevs myidvelis fuladi saSualebebis gayinvas garkveuli droiT da Tanxebis
dajavSnas konkretul momwodebelTan angarisworebisaTvis. amdenad, akreditiviT
angariSsworeba erTgvar SezRudvas warmoadgens myidvelisaTvis, xolo garantias
_ momwodeblisaTvis Tanxebis droulad anazRaurebis Sesaxeb. akreditiviT
angariSsworebis moTxovna SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos myidvelis mier
momwodeblis davalianebebis dafarvis vadebis darRveviT, myidvelsa da
momwodebels Soris SemTxveviTi, arasistematuri urTierTobebiT, aqedan
gamomdinare, undoblobiT da sxva.
35
swored imis gamo, rom akreditivi myidvelis uflebebis erTgvar SezRudvas
iwvevs, amasTan igi erTjeradi xasiaTisaa, akreditiviT angariSsworeba unaRdo
angariSsworebis farTod gavrcelebul formas ar warmoadgens.
akreditivs xsnis myidvelis momsaxure anu gamxsneli banki, misive
davalebiT. akreditivis gamxsneli banki emitents warmoadgens, xolo
momwodebeli, romelmac Tavis momsaxure bankSi gaxsnili akreditividan unda
miiRos Tanxebi, remitentad iwodeba.
akreditivi SeiZleba gaixsnas mxolod erT remitentTan
angariSsworebisaTvis. akreditivi vadiania. akreditivis moqmedebis vada da
angariSsworebis wesi akreditivis davalebis mimcemsa da remitents Soris
dadebuli xelSekrulebiT ganisazRvreba, romelSic aRniSnuli unda iyos:
gamxsneli bankis dasaxeleba;
akreditivis saxeoba da misi Sesrulebis wesi;
remitentis mier akreditiviT saxsrebis misaRebad warmosadgeni sabuTebis
sruli CamonaTvali da zusti dasaxeleba;
sabuTebis wardgenis vadebi, moTxovnebi maTi gaformebisadmi;
xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva pirobebi.
akreditivis gasaxsnelad akreditivis davalebis mimcemi momsaxure banks

(gamxsnel banks) warudgens gancxadebas akreditiviT gaTvaliswinebuli Tanxis
gadaricxvis Taobaze, sadac unda aRiniSnos:
xelSekrulebis nomeri, TariRi, romlis mixedviTac ixsneba akreditivi;
akreditivis moqmedebis vada (akreditivis daxurvis weli, ricxvi da Tve);
remirentis dasaxeleba;
akreditivis Semsrulebeli bankis dasaxeleba;
akreditivis Sesrulebis adgili;
sabuTebis sruli da zusti dasaxeleba, romliTac warmoebs akreditiviT
gadaxdebi, maTi wardgenis vada da gaformebis wesi;
akreditivis saxeoba aucilebeli monacemebis aRniSvniT;
saqonlis (Sesrulebuli samuSaos, momsaxurebis) mowodebis vada;
akreditivis Tanxa (cifrebiT da sityvebiT);
akreditivis Sesrulebis wesi.
gancxadeba akreditivis gaxsnaze Semdegi saxisaa:

36
Semovida bankSi
gancxadeba akreditivze #
`____~ _______________ 20__w.
(akreditivis saxeoba)
akreditivis moqmedebis vada `____~ _____________________ 20__ w.
akreditivis gamcemi ____________________________________________________________________
kodi debeti Tanxa
gamxsneli banki (emitenti) q.__________ kodi ang.#

remitenti ______________________________________________ ang.# krediti
kodi
remitentis banki q. _____________ kodi ang.#
fostiT, telegrafiT-faqsiT (saWiro sityvas gaesvas xazi)
Tanxa sityviT
kodi akreditivis Sesrulebis adgili
xelSekruleba
dakveTis # `___~_____________20__w. saqonlis, samuSaos (momsaxurebis) saxeoba, vada
sabuTebis dasaxeleba, romelTa mixedviTac warmoebs akreditiviT gadaxdebi, aqceptiT, uaqceptod
damatebiTi pirobebi: sesxis gacema nebadarTulia

bankis xelmowerebi
b.a.
klientis xelmowerebi: gatarebulia bankis mier
`____~ ____________ 200__ w.
bankis xelmowerebi:
akreditivis saxsrebis misaRebad remitenti saqonlis (samuSaos,

momsaxurebis) miwodebis Semdeg, momsaxure bankSi waradgens angariSebis reestrs,
miwodebis damadasturebel da sxva dokumentebs, romlebic akreditivis
pirobebiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. akreditiviT gadaxdebisa da akreditivis yvela
pirobis Sesrulebis damadasturebeli sabuTebi remitentis banks akreditivis
vadis gasvlamde unda waredginos. akreditivis pirobebidan Tundac erTerTis
darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, gadaxdebi akreditiviT ar ganxorcieldeba.
angariSebis reestri Semdegi saxisaa:
37
akreditivis saxsrebis misaRebad angariSebis reestri # --------------
`----------~ _________________ w.
sasaqonlo- remitentTan saqonlis kavSirgabmulobis saqonlis tvirTis
satransporto (samuSaos, momsaxurebis) organizaciebis gadatvirTvis gadamzidavi
(samuSaos miRebisas miReba- meSveobiT (samuSaos transportis
Sesrulebis, Cabarebis sabuTebis saqonlis Sesrulebis, saxeoba
momsaxurebis nomrebi da TariRi gadazidvisas momsaxurebis gawevis)
gawevis) safosto TariRi
angariSebis qviTrebis nomrebi
nomrebi da
TariRi
remitentis beWedi
xelmowera:
remitenti angariSebis reestrs warudgens banks sam calad, romelTagan

pirveli piri rCeba bankSi da gamoiyeneba memorialuri orderis saxiT, mesame _
miecema remitents, rogorc am reestris miRebis dasturi, xolo meore piri
sasaqonlo-satransporto sabuTebTan erTad, bankis Sesabamisi aRniSvniT egzavneba
gamxsnel banks, gadamxdelisaTvis gadasacemad. gamxsneli bankis mier reestris
Tanxa imavdroulad Camoiwereba misi balansgareSe angariSidan `gasanaRdebeli
akreditivebi~.
akreditividan naRdi fulis gacema dauSvebelia. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac
akreditivis pirobebiT gaTvaliswinebulia davalebis mimcemis rwmunebulis
aqcepti (Tanxmoba ganaRdebaze), unda Semowmdes saaqcepto warweris arseboba da
rwmunebulis xelmoweris Sesabamisoba mis mier wardgenil nimuSTan.
akreditivis pirobebiT davalebis mimcemis warmomadgenlis aqceptis
gaTvaliswinebisas, warmomadgeneli valdebulia Semsrulebel banks warudginos:
piradobos damadasturebel sabuTi;
sakuTari xelmoweris nimuSi;
akreditivis davalebis mimcemi organizaciis mier gacemuli samivlinebo
mowmoba an mindobiloba.
angariSTa reestrze an akreditivis gasanaRdeblad aqceptirebul

sasaqonlo-satransporto sabuTebze warmomadgeneli akeTebs Semdeg warweras:
38
~aqceptirebulia~_________________akreditivis xarjze ___________
(TariRi)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- warmomadgeneli
(myidveli, organizaciis dasaxeleba)
xelmowera________________________
`___~ -___________ 20__w.
remitentis bankSi akreditivi daixureba Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:

akreditivis vadis gasvlis Semdeg. akreditivis daxurvis Sesaxeb
Semsrulebeli bankis Setyobinebis safuzvelze;
vadis gasvlamde, akreditivis Semdgom gamoyenebaze remitentis mier uaris

gancxadebiT. am gancxadebis safuZvelze remitentis banki gamxsnel banks
ugzavnis Setyobinebas, Semsrulebeli bankis mier gamouyenebeli Tanxa
gadamxdelis miTiTebiT gadairicxeba im angariSze, saidanac deponirebuli
(gadaricxuli) iyo;
akreditivis nawilobriv, an mTlianad gamoTxovis Taobaze davalebis mimcemis

gancxadebiT akreditivi ixureba an Semcirdeba gamxsneli bankidan
Setyobinebis miRebis dRes, magram ara umetes Sesabamis angariSze ricxuli
naSTis Tanxisa. akreditivis daxurvis Setyobineba egzavneba gamxsnel banks.
sawarmo akreditivebiT angariSsworebis gansaxorcieleblad Tavis

angariSTa gegmaSi gaiTvaliswinebs Sesabamis angariSs àngariSsworeba
akreditivebiT~, romelic unda ganTavsdes angariSTa gegmis jgufSi - `fuli
sabanko angariSebze~. àngariSsworeba akreditivebiT~ sawarmos fuladi
saSualebebis amsaxveli da maSasadame, aqtiuri angariSia. aqedan gamomdinare,
cxadia, am angariSs normaluri saldo debetis mxares eqneba, mis debetSi
aisaxeba saangariSgebo periodis ganmavlobaSi akreditivebis gaxsna, xolo
kreditSi _ akreditivis Tanxis xarjva daniSnulebis mixedviT, agreTve misi
srulad an nawilobriv daxurva. angariSi àngariSsworeba akreditivebiT~,
rogorc fuladi saSualebebis amsaxveli angariSi, realuri (mudmivi) angariSia
da maSasadame, am angariSze saangariSgebo periodis bolosaTvis (31
dekembrisaTvis) ricxuli saldo (naSTi) gadaitaneba balansSi, aqtivebis, kerZod
mimdinare aqtivebis SemadgenlobaSi muxliT _ `fuladi saSualebebi~.
39
1.6. CekebiT angariSsworebis
aRricxva
CekebiT angariSsworeba unaRdo angariSsworebis erTerT formas

warmoadgens. CekebiT angariSsworebisas ZiriTad dokuments saangariSsworebo
Ceki warmoadgens. igi fasiani qaRaldia, romelic gadaxdis saSualebad
gamoiyeneba. Ceki erTiani nimuSis mixedviT mzaddeba da mkacri aRricxvis
blankia. Cekebis damzadebisaTvis aucilebelia erovnuli bankis winaswari,
werilobiTi nebarTva.
CekebiT angariSsworebis dros Cekis gamcemi, sabanko dawesebulebas
aZlevs werilobiT davalebas CekSi aRniSnuli Tanxis ganaRdebis Sesaxeb. Cekis
gamowera SeiZleba mxolod im sabanko dawesebulebaze, romelSic inaxeba Cekis
gamcemis saxsrebi, rac mas uflebas aZlevs saerTo wesiT gankargos es saxsrebi
Cekis saSualebiT.
Cekis gamcemi pasuxismgebelia Cekis ganaRdebisaTvis. Cekebis gamoyeneba
regulirdeba `Cekis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoniT.
CekSi aRniSnuli Tanxis gadaxda Cekis gamcemis bankSi SeiZleba:
Cekis gamcemis mier calke deponirebuli saxsrebis angariSidan;
Cekis gamcemis Sesabamis angariSze Tanxis ukmarisobis SemTxvevaSi, bankis
saxsrebis xarjze (Tu Cekis gamcemi droulad asrulebs valdebulebebs).
saangariSsworebo Ceki Semdegi saxisaa:
bankis filialis dasaxeleba saTao bankis dasaxeleba

misi adgilmdebareoba adgilmdebareoba
bankis kodi safirmo dasaxdeleba
saangariSsworebo Ceki #
gadauricxeT ________________________________________________________
(mimRebis dasaxeleba)
____________________________________________________________
(Tanxa, sityvierad da cifrebiT)
______________________________ _____________________________
Cekis gamcemis dasaxeleba, piradi angariSis # bankis sakorespondento angariSis #
saangariSsworebo (sakliringo) centris #
Cekis gacemis adgili _______________ TariRi `__ ~ _______________________200__w.
__________________________________
Cekis gamcemis xelmowera
Cekis gamcemis piradobis mowmobis (pasportis) seria da #
40
saangariSsworebo Cekis meore gverdi
Tanxis zRvruli odenoba, romelzec SeiZleba Cekis gamowera
_____________________________________________________________________
(Tanxa sityvierad)
bankis xelmowera:
b. a.
Cekis gamcemis bankSi Sesuli Ceki, romlis ganaRdeba garantirebulia

bankis mier, Camoiwereba Cekis gamcemis Sesabamisi angariSidan, xolo Tanxebis
ukmarisobis SemTxvevaSi igi miekuTvneba angariSs `sabanko garantiebis mixedviT
gadauxdeli Tanxebi~. am Tanxaze bankis mier gamoiwereba memorialuri orderi,
romelic eZleva Cekis gamcems (klients) misi piradi angariSidan amonawerTan
erTad. es Tanxa warmoadgens ra sesxs, bankTan dadebuli xelSekrulebis
Sesabamisad, Cekis gamcemi sawarmo Tanxis sargeblobis periodSi, romlis
zRvruli vada aseve xelSekrulebiTaa gansazRvruli, ixdis procents.
Cekis misaRebad sawarmo bankSi waradgens gancxadebas mis angariSze
saWiro Tanxis arsebobisas erT calad, xolo bankis mier Cekis ganaRdebis
garantiis SemTxvevaSi 2 calad. gancxadebas xels aweren is pirebi, romlebsac
micemuli aqvT organizaciis angariSze operaciis Sesasrulebel sabuTebze
xelmoweris ufleba da daesmeba beWedi. gancxadebis pirveli cali rCeba sabanko
dawesebulebaSi, aRiricxeba balansgareSe angariSze `bankis mier gacemuli
garantiebi da Tavdebebi~, meore cali miecema sawarmos Cekis ganaRdebis
garantiis Sesaxeb bankis dasturad.
gancxadebaSi da mis talonSi aRiniSneba im angariSis nomeri, saidanac
ganaRddeba Cekebi, Tu Cekebis ganaRdeba garantirebulia bankis mier, gancxadebaSi
Cekis gacemis Sesaxeb gadaiSleba striqoni `Ceki angariSsworebisaTvis
deponirebuli saxsrebiT~. Cekebis calke angariSze saxsrebis deponirebiT
gadaxdis uzrunvelyofis mizniT Cekebis gasacemad gancxadebasTan erTad bankSi
wardgenili unda iqnes sagadaxdo davaleba Cekis gamcemis calke pirad angariSze
saxsrebis deponirebisaTvis. bankebi valdebuli arian Cekebis gacemisas Seavson
isini Semdegi rekvizitebis gaTvaliswinebiT:
Cekis zemoT marjvena mxares aRiniSneba meTauri bankis dasaxeleba da misi
adgilmdebareoba, xolo bankis filialis mier Cekis gacemis SemTxvevaSi, Cekis
zemo marcxena mxares agreTve, filialis dasaxeleba da adgilmdebareoba;
bankis sakorespondento angariSis nomeri;.
Cekis gamcemis dasaxeleba, piradi angariSis #;
Cekis gamcemis piradobis mowmobis an pasportis seria da #;
im Tanxis zRvruli odenoba, romelzec SeiZleba Cekis gamowera da damowmeba
bankis Tanamdebobis pirebis xelmoweriT da beWdiT;
41
gancxadeba Semdegi saxisaa:
gancxadeba #
`___~ ________________ 200__ w. salaros taloni
gTxivT gasceT Cvens # _________ angariSze `___~ _______________200__ w.
1. fulis Ceki ______________________ cali angariSi # ______________
raodenoba sityvebiT gasaformeblad miRebulia Ceki
2.Ceki angariSsworebisaTvis_______________saxsrebis deponirebiT 7. fulisa ___________ cali
raodenoba sityvebiT # _______________________
_______________________ angariSidan_____________ cali # _______________________
deponireba moxdes __________________________ laris odenobiT
3. Ceki angariSsworebisaTvis bankis garantiis qveS 2.angariSsworebisaTvis------cali
Cekis moqmedebis vada _________________________ # _________________________
Cekis wardgenis vada___________________________
pretenziis moqmedebis vada _________________________

CvenTvis cnobilia Cekis Sevsebis wesi da pasuxismgebloba buRalteri:
misi saimedo Senaxvisa da ganaRdebisaTvis buRaltris mier daTvlili
Cekebis miRebas vandobT Cvens TanamSromels__________________ Cekebi ____________________
gvari, saxeli xelmowera
romlis xelmoweras vadasturebT _________________________ miiRo
klientis xelmowera da beWedi molare __________________
salaros: gaices Cekebi gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli raodenobiT xelmowera
fulis Cekebi ## ______________________________________
saangariSsworebo Cekebi ## ____________________________
gasca miiRo
molare ______________ ________________
banki valdebulia CekebTan erTad klients misces Cekebis identuri baraTi,

romelic tardeba registraciaSi.
saCeko baraTi Semdegi saxisaa:
saCeko baraTi #
________________________________________________________________________________
(bankis dasaxeleba da misi adgilsamyofeli
1. fizikuri da iuridiuli piris saxelwodeba ____________________________________
2. bankidan Cekis mimRebis xelmowera ____________________________________________
3. bankidan Cekis mimRebis piradobis mowmobis (pasportis) monacemebi _______________
________________________________________________________________________________
(mxolod fizikuri pirebisaTvis)
4. bankidan Cekis mimRebis angariSis nomeri _______________________________________
5. Tanxa sityvebiT larebSi ______________________________________________________
bankis xelmowerebi:
42
bankis xelmowerebi meordeba baraTis meore gverdzec. Cekis mflobeli Ceks
bankSi waradgens Cekis reestrTan erTad, romelic Semdegi saxisaa:
Cekis reestri #
`___~ ____________ 20__ w. debeti Tanxa

Cekebis Tanxa CamowereT Cekis gamcemis angariSidan
gadamxdelis banki ________________ q. bankis # sakor.
(bankis dasaxeleba) kodi ang.#
mimRebi _____________________________ kodi krediti
mimRebis banki ___________q. __________ kodi ang. #

Cekebis # debeti Tanxa
Cekebis gamcemis angariSebis #
______________________ _____________________________ ___________
______________________ ______________________________ ___________
______________________ ______________________________ ___________
bankSi Cekebis warmdgeni piris gatarebulia bankis mier

Tanamdeboba da xelmowera `___~ _____________ 200__w.
bankis xelmowerebi:
bankebi Cekis gamcemis angariSidan Tanxebis Camoweras awarmoebeb miRebuli

Cekebis reestrebis safuZvelze. TviT Cekebi Sesanaxad im bankSi rCeba, sadac
gaxsnilia Sesabamisi bankebis sakorespondento angariSebi.
angariSis gasasworeblad Cekis mimRebi organizacia valdebulia
darwmundes, rom:
Cekis Tanxa ar aRemateba mis meore gverdze da saCeko baraTSi bankis mier
miweril zRvrul Tanxas;
CekSi miTiTebuli Cekis gamcemis angariSis nomeri Seesabameba saCeko baraTSi
aRniSnuls;
Cekze aRniSnuli Cekis gamcemis pasportis (piradobis mowmobis) seria da
nomeri Seesabameba saCeko baraTSi aRniSnuls;
Cekis gamcemis Cekze xelmowera identuria saCeko baraTSi xelmowerisa.
Cekis ganaRdeba misi warmodgenisTanave xdeba, gaunaRdeblobis SemTxvevaSi

Cekis warmomdgens SeuZlia pretenzia warudginos Cekis gamcems da gadaaxdevinos
jarima CekSi miTiTebuli Tanxis 0,5%-is odenobiT, yoveli dagvianebuli
dRisaTvis.
43
1.7. fulis droiTi Rirebuleba
1.7.1. fulis droiTi Rirebulebis
principi
fulis droiTi Rirebulebis principi farTod gamoiyeneba buRaltruli

aRricxvis rigi sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas. magaliTad, aseTebia: debitoruli da
kreditoruli davalianebebis, ijaris aRricxva, obligaciebsa da sxva fasian
qaRaldebTan dakavSirebuli operaciebi, kapitalis mozidvis dagegmva da misi
wyaroebis gansazRvra, aqtivebis Sefaseba-gadafaseba da sxva.
fuls aqvs Rirebuleba, romelic damokidebulia mis mier motanili
Semosavlebis sidideze.
fulis Rirebulebis gansazRvrisaTvis gamoiyeneba fulis droiTi
Rirebulebis koncepcia, romelic or faqtors emyareba: dros da saprocento
ganakveTs.
fulis droiTi Rirebulebis gansazRvrisaTvis gamoiyeneba ori dro
mimdinare (axlandeli) da momavali.
saprocento ganakveTi warmoadgens im Semosavlis gaangariSebis normas,
romelic fuladma Tanxam SeiZleba moitanos droSi. saprocento ganakveTis
sidide fuladi Tanxis dabandebis riskis donezea damokidebuli.
fulis droiTi Rirebulebis koncepciis safuZvels warmoadgens debuleba
imis Sesaxeb, rom fulis erTi da igive Tanxa dRes Rirs meti, vidre garkveuli
periodis, magaliTad, erTi wlis Semdeg, ramdenadac dRes arsebuli fuli
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes Semosavlis misaRebad. e. i. dRes arsebuli fuladi
Tanxis momavali Rirebuleba (future value), erTi wlis Semdeg toli iqneba mis
nominalur (mimdinare) Rirebulebas damatebuli saprocento Semosavali.
magaliTad, Tu dRes gvaqvs 100 lari, erTi wlis Semdeg misi Rirebuleba
iqneba 100 lars damatebuli kidev ramdenime lari, romlis odenobac
ganisazRvreba saprocento ganakveTiT.
Tu dRevandeli fuladi Tanxis Rirebuleba SeiZleba gamoisaxos momaval
fulSi, aseve, momavali fuladi Tanxis Rirebuleba SeiZleba gamoisaxos
dRevandel fulSi, rogorc mimdinare anu axlandeli Rirebuleba (present value)
Sefasebis sawinaaRmdego proceduris daxmarebiT.
magaliTad, erTi wlis Semdeg misaRebi 100 laris Rirebuleba drois
mimdinare momentisaTvis ganisazRvreba am 100 laridan procentis Tanxis, anu
saprocento Semosavlis gamoklebiT (diskontirebiT).
44
amrigad, procenti SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes, rogorc gadasaxdeli - fulis
gamoyenebisaTvis, romelsac fulis mflobeli Rebulobs, xolo gamomyenebeli -
ixdis. procentebis gadaxdas adgili aqvs yvela SemTxvevaSi, rodesac dgeba
sakiTxi fulis droiTi Rirebulebis Sesaxeb, magaliTad, sesxebis, drois
ramdenime periodis ganmavlobaSi miRebuli an gaweuli momsaxurebis gadaxdisas,
alternatiuli sainvesticio gadawyvetilebebis, mowyobilobebisa da sxva
aqtivebis Sesyidvis variantebis Sefasebisas da sxva.
buRaltruli aRricxvis TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovania ganvasxvavoT
saprocento danaxarjebi da saprocento Semosavlebi, aseve, TviT procenti da
ZiriTadi Tanxa, rasac es procenti ericxeba.
procenti, rogorc wesi, dgindeba ganakveTis saxiT drois gansazRvruli
periodisaTvis, xolo saprocento gadaxdebis odenoba ganisazRvreba ZiriTadi
Tanxis, saprocento ganakveTisa da periodebis ricxvis safuZvelze. Cveulebriv,
aseT periodad weli aiReba, Tumca sakmaod gavrcelebulia gadaxdis periodis
sxva xangrZlivoba: naxevarweli, kvartali, Tve. procentis daricxvis periodis
miuTiTeblobis SemTxvevaSi, aseT periodad igulisxmeba weli.
principuli mniSvneloba aqvs procentebis klasificirebas martiv da rTul
procentebad. maT Soris gansxvaveba ramdenime periodis (wlis) ganmavlobaSi
procentebis daricxvisas warmoiqmneba.
1.7.2. martivi da rTuli

procentebi
martivi procentebis gamoyenebisas maTi Tanxa periodidan periodamde ar

icvleba, ramdenadac ucvleli rCeba ZiriTadi Tanxa, romelsac es procenti
daericxeba. magaliTad, sawarmom aiRo sesxi 10000 lari, 3 wlis vadiT, wliuri
10%-iani ganakveTiT. msesxebeli sawarmo kreditors gadauxdis: pirvel wels _
1000 lars, meore wels _ 1000 lars da mesame wels _ 1000 lars, ZiriTad
TanxasTan (10000 lari) erTad.
saprocento xarjis saerTo Tanxa SeiZleba ganisazRvros formuliT:
P x i x n
sadac: P ZiriTadi Tanxa;
i- saprocento ganakveTi;
n periodis ricxvi.
45
rTuli procentebis daricxva im SemTxvevaSi xdeba, rodesac erTi periodis
gasvlis Semdeg gadaxdili procentis Tanxa emateba ZiriTad Tanxas da miRebuli
jami warmoadgens momdevno periodis gadasaxdeli procentis Tanxis
gaangariSebis bazas. amasTan, aseTi procedura gamoiyeneba yvela periodisaTvis.
magaliTad, rTuli procentebis daricxva zemoTmoyvanili monacemebis mixedviT
Semdegi saxisaa:
rTuli procentebis daricxva
weli ZiriTadi procentis procentis dagrovili procentis Tanxis gaangariSeba

Tanxa wliuri dagrovili
Tanxa (10%) Tanxa
2006 10000 1000 1000 10000 X 0.10 = 1000 lari
2007 11000 1100 2100 (10000 +1000) X 0.10 = 1100
2008 12100 1210 3310 (10000 + 1000 + 1100) X 0.10 = 1210
1.7.3. momavali da mimdinare

Rirebuleba
rTuli procentebis daricxva warmoadgens fulis momavali Rirebulebis

(future value - FV) da mimdinare Rirebulebis (present value - PV) gaangariSebis
safuZvels.
dRes arsebuli fulis erTi erTeulis (1 laris) momavali Rirebulebis an
momavali 1 laris mimdinare Rirebulebis gaangariSebisaTvis gamoiyeneba Semdegi
meTodebi:
saprocento gadaxdebis Tanmimdevruli gaangariSeba periodidan periodamde,
saprocento ganakveTis, ZiriTadi Tanxisa da periodTa ricxvis safuZvelze;
maTematikuri formulebis gamoyeneba;
fulis erTi erTeulis (1 laris) mimdinare da momavali Rirebulebis
mniSvnelobebis cxrilebis gamoyeneba;
specializirebuli kalkulatorebisa da kompiuteruli programebis
gamoyeneba.
46
dReisaTvis arsebuli fuladi Tanxis momavali Rirebulebis, an momavalSi
misaRebi fuladi Tanxis mimdinare Rirebulebis gaangariSebis gamartivebisaTvis
gamoiyeneba martivi maTematikuri xerxi, gaangariSeba xdeba ara mTel ZiriTad
Tanxaze, aramed fulis erT erTeulize (1 larze) da Sedegi mravldeba ZiriTad
Tanxaze. am wesiT gansazRvruli 1 laris momavali Rirebuleba iwodeba erTeulis
momaval Rirebulebad (future value of 1) da gamoisaxeba abreviaturiT FV1. imis
miTiTebasTan erTad, rom saubaria konkretulad fulis erTi erTeulis momaval
Rirebulebaze (FV1), aseve mieTiTeba saprocento ganakveTi i da periodebis ricxvi
n. 1 laris momavali Rirebuleba i ganakveTiT n periodis Semdeg Caiwereba, rogorc
(FV1,i,n) da gaiangariSeba formuliT:
FV1 = (1 + i)n
magaliTad, Tu saprocento ganakveTia 12, xolo periodebis ricxvi 5, 1

laris momavali Rirebuleba (FV1,12,5) Seadgens (1 + 0,12)5, anu 1,76234. am ricxvze
dRes arsebuli nebismieri Tanxis gamravlebiT miviRebT mis momaval Rirebulebas
5 periodis (wlis) Semdeg, 12%-iani ganakveTiT. magaliTad, 10000 laris momavali
Rirebuleba 12%-iani ganakveTiT, 5 wlis Semdeg iqneba 17623.4 lari.
ramdenadac arsebobs Sesabamisoba ZiriTad Tanxas, saprocento ganakveTs,

periodis ricxvsa da momaval Semosavalebs Soris, gaangariSebis am meTodebis
meSveobiT SeiZleba advilad gamovTvaloT saprocento ganakveTi, an periodebis
(wlebis) ricxvi, romelSic saWiroa ZiriTadi Tanxis dabandeba, sasurveli
Semosavalis misaRebad.
saprocento ganakveTis zustad gamosaTvlelad, imis gamo, rom igi SeiZleba
aRmoCndes wiladi, formulebis, specialuri kalkulatoris an eleqtronuli
cxrilebis gamoyenebaa mizanSewonili. rac Seexeba fulis erTi erTeulis
momavali an mimdinare Rirebulebis cxrilebs, masSi Sesabamisi mniSvnelobebi
miTiTebulia saprocento ganakveTis mxolod mTelis mniSvnelobiT, 21/2-is garda
(aseTi ganakveTi farTodaa gavrcelebuli procentis kvartaluri daricxvisas).
aqedan gamomdinare, am cxrilebiT sargebloba SesaZlebelia, Tu arsebobs
saprocento ganakveTis uaxloes mTelamde damrgvalebis SesaZlebloba.
sasurveli saprocento ganakveTis SesarCevad, upirveles yovlisa, unda
gaviangariSoT 1 laris Sesabamisi momavali Rirebuleba, momavali Tanxis ZiriTad
Tanxaze gayofiT. cxrilis vertikalur svetSi vipovoT periodis ricxvis
mniSvneloba da mis Sesabamis striqonze momavali Rirebulebis romel
mniSvnelobas ufro metad uaxlovdeba gayofis Sedegi. aseTis povnisas, unda
47
vnaxoT Sesabamisi svetis zemoT saprocento ganakveTis romel mniSvnelobas
Seesabameba igi.
analogiuri wesiT SeiZleba SevarCioT saprocento ganakveTi fuladi
Tanxis mimdinare Rirebulebis gasaangariSeblad mimdinare Tanxis momaval
Tanxaze gayofiT.
dRes arsebuli fuladi Tanxis momavali Rirebuleba miiReba ZiriTad
Tanxaze ramdenime periodis ganmavlobaSi rTuli procentebis daricxviT da
masze damatebiT. xolo momavalSi misaRebi romelime Tanxis mimdinare
Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba am Tanxidan ramdenime periodis ganmavlobaSi
daricxuli rTuli procentebis gamoklebiT, anu diskontirebiT. amrigad, viciT
ra amJamad Cvens gankargulebaSi arsebuli ZiriTadi Tanxa, saprocento ganakveTi
da periodebis raodenoba, romlis ganmavlobaSic dairicxeba procenti, SegviZlia
gamovTvaloT, ra Tanxas miviRebT momavalSi. analogiurad SegviZlia gavigoT ra
Tanxa unda davabandoT dRes, rom miviRoT gansazRvruli Tanxa momavalSi.
unda aRiniSnos, rom erTi da igive wliuri saprocento ganakveTisas
SesaZlebelia rTuli procentebis daricxvis gansxvavebuli periodebis dadgena
kontraqtis pirobebidan gamomdinare.
magaliTi:
sawarmom daabanda 100000 lari, 3 wlis vadiT, wliuri 10%-iani ganakveTiT.
ganvixiloT procentis daricxvis ori varianti:
1. procentis daricxva xdeba weliwadSi erTxel;
2. procentis daricxva xdeba kvartalSi erTxel.
gaangariSeba:
1. dabandebuli TiToeuli laris momavali Rirebuleba Seadgens:
(FV1,10%,3) = 1,33100;
2. dabandebuli TiToeuli laris momavali Rirebuleba Seadgens:
(FV1,21/2%,12) = 1,34489, ramdenadac procentis kvartaluri ganakveTi
Seadgens 21/2 (10 / 4), periodebis ricxvi 12.
gaangariSebidan Cans, rom procentis kvartalSi erTxel daricxva ramdenadme
momgebiania pirvelze, radgan:
(FV1,10%,3) = 1,33100 < (FV1,21/2%,12) = 1,34489
magaliTi:
samrewvelo sawarmom kreditiT SeiZina dazga 30000 larad da ivaldebula misi
srulad gadaxda 7 wlis Semdeg, wliuri saprocento ganakveTiT 16%.
ganvsazRvroT ra Tanxas gadaixdis sawarmo procentis daricxvisas:
48
weliwadSi erTxel;
naxevarweliwadSi erTxel;
kvartalSi erTxel.
1. weliwadSi erTxel gadaxdis SemTxvevaSi sawarmos saprocento xarji Seadgens

84786,6 lars.
gaangariSeba:
a. 30000 (FV1,16%,7); an b. 30000 (1+0,16)7; an g. 30000 X 2,82622.
2. naxevarweliwadSi erTxel procentis daricxvisas, wliuri saprocento

ganakveTi unda gaiyos orze _ 8% (16%/2), xolo periodebis ricxvi -
gaizardos orjer 14 (7 X 2). amitom saprocento xarji Seadgens 88115,7.
gaangariSeba:
a. 30000 (FV1,8%,14); an b. 30000 (1+0,08)14; an g. 30000 X 2,93719.
3. kvartalSi erTxel procentis daricxvisas, kvartaluri saprocento ganakveTi

wliuri saprocento ganakveTis meoTxedis toli iqneba da igi 4%-s Seadgens
(16% / 4), xolo periodTa ricxvi 4-jer gaizrdeba da 28-s (7 X 4) Seadgens.
amitom saprocento xarji Seadgens 89961,2 lars.
gaangariSeba:
a. 30000 (FV1,4%,28); an b. 30000 (1+0,04)28; an g. 30000 X 2,99871.
maSasadame, jer erTi, xangrZlivi periodis danawevrebiT procentis

daricxvis periodebis ricxvis zrdisas, saprocento ganakveTis proporciuli
Semcirebis miuxedavad, fulis momavali Rirebuleba (dazgis SeZenis saerTo
danaxarjebi) metnaklebad izrdeba. amitom sawarmo dainteresebuli unda iyos
procentis daricxvis periodis xangrZlivobis gazrdiT da periodis ricxvis
SemcirebiT.
meores mxriv, am gaangariSebisaTvis ra Tqma unda ufro martivia erTi
fuladi erTeulis momavali Rirebulebis cxrilis gamoyeneba, vidre
formulebisa. magram saprocento xarjis kvartaluri daricxvis SemTxvevaSi 28
49
periodia saWiro, cxrili ki mxolod 25 periods moicavs. saWiroa periodebis (3)
damateba da cxrilis 25 periodis mniSvnelobis (2,66584) 3-jer gamravleba 1,04-ze
(1+0,4). Tumca amis xSirad gamoyeneba sasurveli ar aris.
Tu cnobilia ZiriTadi Tanxa da misi momavali Rirebuleba, cxrilebis
meSveobiT advilad SeiZleba gamoiTvalos periodebis raodenoba, romlis
ganmavlobaSic ZiriTadi Tanxa gaizrdeba mis momaval Rirebulebamde (cnobili
saprocento ganakveTiT), an saprocento ganakveTi (cnobili periodTa ricxviT).
amisaTvis saWiroa momavali Rirebuleba gaiyos ZiriTad Tanxaze da Sesabamisi
periodis striqonze, an Sesabamisi saprocento ganakveTis svetSi vipovoT
miRebuli mniSvneloba _ romel ganakveTs an periods ufro Seesabameba igi.
magaliTad, Tu dabandebuli iyo 5000 lari 13 wliT da me-13 wlis
bolosaTvis dagrovda 13598 lari, maSin am dabandebis saprocento ganakveTi
SeiZleba gamoiTvalos Semdegnairad: 13598 / 5000 = 2,7196. vnaxoT momavali
Rirebulebis cxrilSi 13 periodis striqonze, saprocento ganakveTis romel
mniSvnelobas Seesabameba cifri 2,7196. vipoviT ra am ricxvs da gavyvebiT svets
vertikalurad zeviT, davinaxavT, rom saprocento ganakveTi Seadgens 8.
Tu cnobilia fuladi Tanxis momavali Rirebuleba, SeiZleba ganisazRvros
misi mimdinare (axlandeli) Rirebuleba.
momavali fulis erTi erTeulis mimdinare Rirebuleba (present value of 1)
sawinaaRmdego wesiT ganisazRvreba, kerZod proceduriT, romelsac xSirad rTul
diskontirebas uwodeben da aRiniSneba (PVI, i, n), sadac:
I diskontirebis ganakveTia;
n periodis ricxvi.
fulis erTi erTeulis mimdinare Rirebulebis gaangariSeba xorcieldeba

formuliT:
PV1 = 1 / (1+i)n
magaliTad, fulis erTi erTeulis mimdinare Rirebuleba 5 wlis Semdeg

wliuri 12%-iani ganakveTiT Seadgens:
PV1 = 1 / (1 + 0,12)5 = 0,56743 lars.
fulis erTi erTeulis mimdinare Rirebuleba aris momavalSi misaRebi

Tanxebis dRes investirebuli fulis erTi erTeuli, garkveuli saprocento
ganakveTis da periodis pirobebSi. aqedan gamomdinare, SegviZlia gamovTvaloT
Tanxa, romelic momavalSi nebismieri Tanxis misaRebadaa saWiro. magaliTad,
imisaTvis, rom 5 wlis Semdeg miviRoT 10000 lari wliuri 12%-iani ganakveTiT,
dRes dagvWirdeba davabandoT 5674,3 lari.
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msgavsad momavali Rirebulebisa, viciT ra momavalSi misaRebi ZiriTadi
Tanxis mimdinare Rirebuleba, SeiZleba gamovTvaloT am Tanxis miRebisaTvis
aucilebeli an saprocento ganakveTi, an periodis ricxvi. magaliTad, Tu
ramdenime wlis Semdeg misaRebi 15000 laris mimdinare Rirebuleba dRes Seadgens
11209 lars, diskontirebis wliuri ganakveTiT 6%, imisaTvis rom ganvsazRvroT
wlebis es ricxvi, 11209 unda gavyoT 15000-ze, rac udris 0,74726. movZebniT am
cifrs 6%-is Sesabamis svetSi, gavyvebiT striqons marjvniv da vnaxavT, rom
periodis ricxvi Seadgens 5 wels.
momavali da mimdinare Rirebuleba urTierTSebrunebuli sidideebia:
PV1 = 1 / FV1 da piriqiT, FV1 = 1 x PV1
fuladi Tanxis momavali da mimdinare Rirebulebis saprocento ganakveTze

damokidebulebidan Cans, rom realur praqtikaSi ama Tu im sawarmos aqtivebisa
da valdebulebebis farTo speqtris (grZelvadiani debitoruli da kreditoruli
davalianebebis, savalo valdebulebebis, da sxva) sabalanso Rirebuleba
arsebiTad iqneba damokidebuli Sesabamisi aqtivis an valdebulebis saprocento
ganakveTis faqtobriv mniSvnelobaze. saprocento ganakveTis xelovnurad
Semcireba an gazrda qmnis sawarmos aqtivebis an valdebulebebis realuri
Rirebulebis damaxinjebis mniSvnelovan SesaZleblobas. amgvari damaxinjebebis
Tavidan acilebis mizniT, romelmac SeiZleba daafrTxos investori an
kreditori, sabazro ganakveTi unda iqnes gamoyenebuli.
saprocento ganakveTi, rogorc wesi ganisazRvreba sami faqtoriT, romelze
apelirebiTac SeiZleba gamovitanoT daskvna, Seesabameba igi sabazros Tu ara:
1. ganakveTi wminda saxiT, e. i. raRac premia imisaTvis, rom sameurneo subieqti
drois garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi uars ambobs am Tanxis gamoyenebaze.
saprocento ganakveTis am komponents sameurneo subieqti gansazRvravs,
rogorc mocemul momentSi fulis fasis Sesaxeb sakuTari warmodgenidan,
aseve bazarze arsebuli saprocento ganakveTebidan gamomdinare.
2. dabandebuli saSualebebis srulad an wilobriv daubruneblobis riski;
3. inflaciis done.
51
1.7.4. anuiteti
momavali da mimdinare Rirebulebis principis safuZvelze xorcieldeba

gaangariSebebi, rogorc erTdroulad dabandebul erT ZiriTad TanxasTan
mimarTebaSi, aseve, ramdenime ZiriTad TanxasTan mimarTebaSi, romelic
dabandebulia Tanabar nawilebad, ramdenime periodis ganmavlobaSi. am
ukanasknels anuiteti ewodeba. TiToeul am nawilze dairicxeba rTuli
procenti. aseTi nawili iwodeba anuitetis gadaxdad (annuity payment) da SeiZleba
dagrovdes, an amoRebul iqnes anuitetis saerTo Tanxidan.
gadaxdebis cikli warmoadgens anuitets, Tu daculia Semdegi pirobebi:
yvela gadaxdebi erTmaneTis tolia;
gadaxda xdeba mkacri periodulobiT;
procentis daricxva xdeba periodSi erTxel.
gadaxdebis momentis mixedviT anuiteti iyofa or saxed: Cveulebriv

anuiteti (ordinaru annuity), da dauyovneblivi anuiteti (annuity due). anuitetis
konkretuli saxis miuTiTeblobis SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba Cveulebrivi anuiteti.
Cveulebrivi anuitetis momavali Rirebuleba (future value of an ordinary annuity -

FVA ) warmoadgens Tanabari fuladi Tanxis ramdenime miRebas an gadaxdas,
garkveuli periodebis (n) ganmavlobaSi rTuli procentebis daricxviT,
procentis dadgenili ganakveTiT (i). igi gamoisaxeba (FVA, i, n).
Cveulebrivi anuitetis momavali Rirebuleba (i-10, n- 3)
anuitetis
gadasaxadi 0 lari 1 lari 1 lari 1 lari
mimdinare 1 periodi 2 periodi 3 periodi momavali

momenti
anuitetis 0 lari 1 lari 2,10 lari 3,31 lari

Tanxa %-Tan
erTad
Cveulebrivi anuitetis pirveli periodis bolos xdeba anuitetis pirveli

gadaxda, romelsac procenti ar daericxeba. procentebis daricxva daiwyeba meore
periodis bolodan. meore periodis bolos anuitetis Tanxa (romelic adre
Seadgenda mxolod pirvel periodSi gadaxdil Tanxas) izrdeba pirveli periodis
52
gadaxdis Tanxaze daricxuli procentiT, romelsac emateba meore periodis
gadaxdis Tanxa. (romelzedac procentebi mxolod mesame periodSi dairicxeba) da
a.S.
Cveulebrivi anuitetis momavali Rirebulebis gaangariSeba fulis erTi
erTeulis momavali Rirebulebis gansazRvris analogiuria. anuitetis momavali
Rirebuleba gaiangariSeba formuliT:
AAFVA = (1+i)n 1 / i
magaliTi:
Cveulebrivi anuitetis gaangariSeba:

pirveli periodis bolos dabandebul iqna 1 lari, saprocento ganakveTi (i) 1%,
periodebis ricxvi (n) 3.
gaangariSeba:
1. pirveli periodis bolos dabandebulia 1 lari, romelsac procenti ar
daericxeba;
2. dabandebul am 1 lars meore periodis bolos daericxeba procenti (i)

dadgenili ganakveTiT, rac aisaxeba misi gamravlebiT (1+i)-ze, da dabandda
meore lari. amrigad, anuitetis saerTo Rirebulebam meore periodis
bolosaTvis Seadgina 1(1+i) + 1;
3. mesame periodis bolos am Tanxas daericxeba procenti, rac gamoixateba misi

gamravlebiT (1+i)-ze. garda amisa, mesame periodis bolos mas daemateba
bolo anuitetis Tanxa 1 lari. amrigad, anuitetis saerTo Rirebuleba mesame
(bolo) periodis bolosaTvis Seadgens {(1+i) + 1} (1+i) + 1.
yoveldRiur praqtikaSi anuitetis momavali Rirebulebis

gaangariSebisaTvis ufro moxerxebulia cxrilebis gamoyeneba.
buRaltrul aRricxvaSi Cveulebrivi anuitetis momavali Rirebulebis
principis gamoyeneba damaxasiaTebelia sxvadasxva fondebis aRricxvisas,
romlebic SemdgomSi gamoiyeneba valdebulebebis dasafaravad, sawarmoo
simZlavreebis gafarToebis dasafinanseblad, sainvesticio proeqtebis
gansaxorcieleblad da sxva saWiroebisaTvis.
Cveulebrivi anuitetis mimdinare Rirebuleba (present value of an (ordinary) annuity

- PVA) warmoadgens anuitetis fulSi gamosaxul dRevandel ekvivalents (rogorc
53
misaRebs, aseve gadasaxdels), romelic unda ganxorcieldes momavali ramdenime
periodis ganmavlobaSi. anuitetis gadaxdebi xdeba Tanabari TanxiT, drois
Tanabari intervaliT, ucvleli saprocento ganakveTiT. anuitetis momavali
gadaxdebis mimdinare Rirebuleba gamoisaxeba (PVA, i, n) , sadac i - sapocento
ganakveTia, xolo n periodTa ricxvi. anuitetis mimdinare Rirebuleba
gaiangariSeba formuliT:
PVA = 1 [1 / ( 1 + i)n ]/ i
an Sesabamisi cxriliT.
magaliTi:
anuitetis mimdinare Rirebulebis gaangariSeba:
saqvelmoqmedo fondma gadawyvita devnilTa daxmarebisa da socialuri

reabilitaciis programis ganxorcieleba q. TbilisSi. programis dasafinanseblad
fondma bankSi unda Seitanos garkveuli Tanxa. bankma wamoayena pirobebi, romlis
mixedviTac Tanxa deponirebul unda iqnes pirveli wlis 1 ianvars wliuri 10%-
iani ganakveTiT.
fondis gaangariSebiT, programis xangrZlivoba 3 welia da misi
ganxorcielebisaTvis yovelwliurad saWiro iqneba 60000 lari.
saqvelmoqmedo fondma unda gaiangariSos Tanxa, romlis dabandeba bankSi 3 wlis
ganmavlobaSi uzrunvelyofs yovelwliurad programis 60000 lariT dafinansebas.
am monacemebidan Cans, rom fondma bankisgan SeiZina anuiteti. aseTi
anuitetis Rirebuleba momavali periodebis gadaxdebis mimdinare Rirebulebis
tolia anu 60000 lari (PVA,10%,3). anuitetis mimdinare Rirebulebis cxrilSi
vipoviT aseTi anuitetis 1 erTeulis mimdinare Rirebulebas (2,48685) da
gavamravlebT 60000 larze:
60000 lari X 2,48685 = 149211 lars.
e. i. saqvelmoqmedo fondma programis dasafinanseblad pirveli wlis 1 ianvars
bankSi unda daabandos 149211 lari.
dauyovneblivi anuitetis momavali Rirebuleba (future value of an annuity due

FVAD) gamoisaxeba (FVAD, i, n) da igi Cveulebrivi anuitetis momaval Rirebulebas
aRemateba periodebis ricxviT, romlebSic dairicxeba procenti. es imiTaa
gamowveuli, rom dauyovneblivi anuitetis dros, Cveulebrivi anuitetisagan
gansxvavebiT anuitetis TiToeuli gadaxda xdeba Sesabamisi periodis dasawyisSi,
da ara bolos. dauyovneblivi anuitetis mixedviT rTuli procentis daricxva
iwyeba pirveli periodis bolodan. Cveulebrivi anuitetisas pirveli periodis
bolos xorcieldeba pirveli gadaxda, romelzec procenti ar dairicxeba, maSin,
54
roca dauyovneblivi anuitetis meore periodis dasawyisSi (romelic drois igive
momentia, rac pirvelis bolo) xorcieldeba ukve meore gadaxda, xolo pirvelze
(romelic gakeTda pirveli periodis dasawyisSi) dairicxeba procenti. procentis
erTidaigive ganakveTisa i da periodTa ricxvisas dauyovneblivi anuitetis
Rirebuleba SeiZleba ganisazRvros Cveulebrivi anuitetis gamravlebiT ( 1 + i) ze,
rac Cveulebrivi anuitetis momavali Rirebulebis gaangariSebis tolniSnaa
periodebis ricxvisaTvis (1 + n).
dauyovneblivi anuitetis gadaxdebisa da rTuli procentebis daricxva (i-10, n- 3)
anuitetis
gadasaxadi 1 lari 1 lari 1 lari

momenti
anuitetis 1,0 lari 2,10 lari 3,31 lari 3,64 lari

Tanxa %-Tan
erTad
maSasadame, dauyovneblivi anuitetis momavali Rirebuleba Cveulebrivze

erTi damatebiTi periodisaTvis gadaxdili rTuli procentebis TanxiT metia.
dauyovneblivi anuitetis mimdinare Rirebuleba (present value of an annuity due

PVAD) gamoisaxeba (PVAD,i,n), sadac i saprocento ganakveTia, n-i ki, periodTa
ricxvi. Cveulebrivi anuitetis mimdinare Rirebulebis msgavsad, dauyovneblivi
anuitetis mimdinare Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba diskontirebis meTodiT
momavalSi anuitetis Tanxidan rTuli procentebis Tanxis CamoweriT, periodTa
ricxvisaTvis, romelTa gasvlisasac igi dairicxeba. magram imis gamo, rom
anuitetis gadaxdebi xdeba TiToeuli periodis dasawyisSi, diskontirebis
periodTa ricxvi anuitetis gadaxdebis periodTa ricxvze erTiT naklebia.
ramdenadac dauyovneblivi anuitetis dros rTuli procentebis daricxva
xorcieldeba erTiT metjer, vidre Cveulebrivi anuitetisas, mimdinare
Rirebuleba PVAD SeiZleba miviRoT anuitetis mimdinare Rirebulebis (PVA)
gamravlebiT (1 + i) -ze.
vizualurad anuitetis or saxes Soris gansxvaveba SeiZleba warmovadginoT

Semdegi saxiT:
55
dauyovneblivi anuiteti (i-10, n- 3)
anuitetis
gadasaxadi 1 lari 1 lari 1 lari

momenti
anuitetis 2,74 lari 1,91 lari 1,0 lari

diskontirebuli
Tanxa
Cveulebrivi anuiteti (i-10, n- 3)
anuitetis
gadasaxadi 1 lari 1 lari

momenti
anuitetis 2,49 lari 1,74 lari 0,91 lari

diskontirebuli
Tanxa
amrigad, dauyovneblivi anuitetis mimdinare Rirebuleba SeiZleba miviRoT

Cveulebrivi anuitetis mimdinare Rirebulebis safuZvelze periodebisaTvis,
romelic tolia (1 _ n).
magaliTi:
sawarmo ganixilavs fasiani qaRaldebis SeZenis SesaZleblobas, wliuri
saprocento ganakveTiT 15%, romelic saSualebas micemda 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi,
dawyebuli pirveli wlis 1 ianvridan, yovelwliurad mieRo 9000 lari. 5 wlis
gasvlis Semdeg fasiani qaRaldebi kargaven Rirebulebas. sawarmom unda
gaiangariSos am fasiani qaRaldebisaTvis ra Tanxis gadaxdas daeTanxmos.
buRaltruli aRricxvis TvalsazrisiT, sawarmom unda gansazRvros am
fasiani qaRaldebis SeZeniT misaRebi momavali Semosulobebis mimdinare
Rirebuleba. swored igi warmoadgens fasiani qaRaldebis maqsimalur fass,
romlis gadaxdasac SeiZleba daeTanxmos sawarmo. miTiTeba gadaxdebis dawyebis
momentis Sesaxeb (pirveli wlis 1 ianvridan) mianiSnebs, rom adgili aqvs
dauyovnebliv anuitets, erT gadaxdaze 9000 laris odenobiT, saprocento
ganakveTiT 15%, 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi.
gaangariSeba:
56
dauyovneblivi anuitetis mimdinare Rirebuleba:
(PVAD, 15%, 5) anu 9000 X 3,85498 = 34694,82 lars.
buRaltrul aRricxvaSi xSirad warmoiqmneba momavali an mimdinare
Rirebulebis principiT ramdenime Tanxis gaangariSebis aucilebeloba. amis
erTerTi magaliTia e.w. gadavadebuli anuiteti (deferred annuity), romelic ori
fazisagan Sedgeba:
1. kapitalis dabandeba ramdenime periodis ganmavlobaSi, raTa misi
damTavrebisas dagrovdes garkveuli Tanxa, romelic Sedgeba dabandebuli
ZiriTadi Tanxisa da rTuli procentebisagan;
2. dagrovili Tanxebis gadaxdebi erTdroulad an Tanabar nawilebad
ramdenime periodis ganmavlobaSi. bolo SemTxvevaSi anuitetis darCenil
Tanxaze grZeldeba rTuli procentis daricxva.
magaliTi:
sawarmo sainvesticio programebis gansaxorcieleblad qmnis fonds da abandes
100000 lars 4 wliT, wliuri 18%-iani ganakveTiT.
mexuTe wlidan sawarmo am fondidan yovelwliurad, Tanabari odenobiT
daafinansebs sainvesticio programebs, fondis amowurva gaTvaliswinebulia 5
wlis gasvlis Semdeg, amasTan, fondis dauxarjavi Tanxis naSTi rCeba bankSi,
fondis angariSze wliuri 18%-iani ganakveTiT.
gaangariSeba:
1. 4 wlis Semdeg fondis odenoba Seadgens 193878 lars:
100000 X (FV1, 18%, 4) = 100000 X 1,93878 = 193878 lars.
2. dauyovneblivi anuiteti (PVAD, 18%, 5) _ yovelwliuri gadaxdebis
mimdinare Rirebuleba Seadgens 52540 lars:
193878 / (PVAD, 18%, 5) = 193878 / 2,56564 = 75567 lari.
motanili magaliTidan Cans, rom analogiuri tipis amocanebis

gadasawyvetad mizanSewonilia dasmuli amocana daiyos nawilebad. ganxilul
magaliTSi aseTia fondis gayofa or etapad: dagroveba da xarjva, Semdeg ki,
SeirCeva TiToeulisaTvis gadawyvetis Sesabamisi meTodi, e.i. unda gairkves, ras
ganvsazRvravT erTjeradi gadaxdebis momaval Tu mimdinare Rirebulebas,
Cveulebriv Tu dauyovnebliv anuitets.
erTidaigive buRaltruli amocanis gadasawyvetad fulis droiTi
Rirebulebis gansazRvris ramdenime meTodikis gamoyenebis kidev erT
damaxasiaTebel SemTxvevas warmoadgens aqtivebis SeZena narCeni RirebulebiT.
magaliTi:
57
kompania apirebs saglinavi Carxis SeZenas, romelic misi gaangariSebiT, 5 wlis
ganmavlobaSi yovelwliurad moutans 10000 lars wminda mogebas (Semosavlis
daricxva xdeba wlis bolos). kompania Tvlis, rom 5 wlis gasvlis Semdeg, Carxi
SeiZleba gaiyidos 2000 larad. kompania darwmunebulia, rom mis mier
ganxorcielebuli investicia weliwadSi moitans mogebas aranakleb 10%-sa.
kompaniam unda gaiangariSos is maqsimaluri danaxarjebi, romelTa gawevazec
Tanaxma iqneba.
gaangariSeba:
1. Cveulebrivi anuitetis mimdinare Rirebuleba:
10000 lari X (PVA, 10%, 5) = 10000 X 3,79079 = 37907,9;
2. narCeni Rirebulebis (2000 lari) mimdinare Rirebuleba:
2000 X (PV1, 10%, 5) =2000 X 0,62092 = 1241,84;
3. kompania Carxs SeiZens im pirobiT, Tu misi Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 39149,74

lars. (37907,9 + 1241,84).
fulis droiTi Rirebulebis gaangariSebis principebi
principis dasaxeleba mokle aRwera gaangariSebis komentari periodis

formula ricxvze
martivi procenti i procenti daericxeba mxolod Px i x n _
ZiriTad Tanxas
1 erTeulis momavali 1 gadaxdis momavali Rirebuleba n (1 + i)n yovelTvis metia
Rirebuleba (FV1, i, n) periodebis Semdeg, rTuli erTze
procentis daricxviT, ganakveTiT i
1 erTeulis mimdinare gadaxdis mimdinare Rirebuleba, yovelTvis naklebia
Rirebuleba (PV1, i, n) romelic moxdeba n periodis 1 / (1 + i)n erTze
Semdeg, diskontirebis i ganakveTiT
anuitetis momavali momavali Rirebuleba n anuitetis yovelTvis metia
Rirebuleba (Cveulebrivi gadaxdebis, Sesabamisi periodebis (1 + i)n 1 / i momxdari gadaxdebis
anuiteti) (FVA, i, n) bolos rTuli procentis ubralo Tanxaze
daricxviT, i ganakveTiT
anuitetis gadaxdebis momavali Rirebuleba n anuitetis (1 + i)n 1 / i x rTuli procentebi
momavali Rirebuleba gadaxdebis, Sesabamisi periodebis x (1 + n) dairicxeba erTiT
(dauyovneblivi anuiteti) dasawyisSi, rTuli procentis metjer,
(FVAD, i, n) daricxviT, i ganakveTiT CveulebrivTan
SedarebiT
anuitetis gadaxdebis mimdinare Rirebuleba n anuitetis 1(1 / (1 + i)n) yovelTvis naklebia
mimdinare Rirebuleba gadaxdebis, Sesabamisi periodebis /i anuitetis
(Cveulebrivi anuiteti) bolos rTuli procentis gadaxdebis ubralo
(PVA, i, n) daricxviT, i ganakveTiT Tanxaze
anuitetis gadaxdebis mimdinare Rirebuleba n anuitetis 1(1 / (1 + i)n) Cveulebrivi
mimdinare Rirebuleba gadaxdebis, Sesabamisi periodebis / i x (1+i) anuitetis mimdinare
(dauyovneblivi anuiteti) dasawyisSi, rTuli procentis Rirebulebaze metia,
(PVAD, i, n) daricxviT, i ganakveTiT erTi damatebiTi
periodis procentis
TanxiT
58
Tavi II. moTxovnebis aRricxva
2.1. moTxovnebis warmoqmnis

safuZvlebi
sawarmoo cikli moicavs drois im monakveTs, romelic iwyeba

warmoebisaTvis saWiro sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis SeZeniT da
mTavrdeba mza produqciis (saqonlis, samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) realizaciiT
naRd fulze an mis eqvivalentebze.
sawarmom saqonlis (samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) miwodeba SeiZleba
ganaxorcielos rogorc naRdi angariSsworebiT, aseve kreditiT (Semdgomi
gadaxdis pirobiT), anu gadaxdis TariRis gadavadebiT. gadaxdis pirobebi
regulirdeba mxareebs Soris gaformebuli xelSekrulebiT. saqonlis
(samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) kreditiT miwodebisas warmoqmneba moTxovna anu
debitoruli davalianeba. debitoruli davalianeba warmoadgens moTxovnas
kreditiT miwodebaze, romelsac procenti ar ericxeba (Tamasuqis garda).
dafarvis vadebis mixedviT, moTxovnebi anu debitoruli davalianebebi
SeiZleba iyos mimdinare, anu moklevadiani da grZelvadiani.
moTxovna, rogorc aqtivi, bass-is mixedviT, CaiTvleba mimdinare
moTxovnad, Tu mosalodnelia misi dafarva balansis Sedgenis TariRidan
Tormeti Tvis ganmavlobaSi, yvela sxva moTxovna grZelvadian moTxovnas
warmoadgens.
bass 1-is mixedviT, rodesac sawarmo saqonlisa da momsaxurebis miwodebas
axorcielebs zustad gansazRvrul sawarmoo ciklSi, grZelvadiani da mimdinare
moTxovnebis cal-calke klasificireba da balansSi asaxva sasargebloa imiT,
rom calke gamoyos neto aqtivebi, romlebic mudmivad imyofeba mimoqcevis
procesSi sabrunavi kapitalis saxiT, im neto aqtivebisagan, romlebsac igi
iyenebs grZelvadiani saqmianobisaTvis. garda amisa, bass 1-is mixedviT, sawarmom
moTxovnebi, rogorc aqtivebi, unda waradginos likvidobis mixedviT, Tu ki es
ukanaskneli iseT informacias awvdis mis momxmareblebs, romelic saimedoa da
ufro Sesabamisi, vidre dafarvis vadebis mixedviT maTi klasificireba mimdinare
da grZelvadian moTxovnebad.
finansuri informaciis momxmareblebisaTvis moTxovnebis Sesaxeb
srulyofili informaciis miwodebis mizniT, SeiZleba moTxovnebis dajgufeba
konkretuli vadebis mixedviTac.
59
daricxvis meTodisa da realizaciis principis mixedviT, miwodebis
momentisaTvis gadauxdeli Tanxebi aRiarebul unda iqnes erTis mxriv, moTxovnad
anu debitorul davalianebad da meores mxriv, Semosavlad. xolo
windaxedulobis principidan gamomdinare, moTxovnebi balansSi aisaxeba
miwodebis neto sarealizacio RirebulebiT, anu uimedo valebis, agreTve,
ukandabrunebebisa da fasdaTmobebis gamoklebiT. zogierTi moTxovna, magaliTad,
winaswar anazRaurebuli momsaxureba, gadaxdili avansebi, balansSi aisaxeba
TviTRirebulebiT.
moTxovnebis aRsaricxavad amJamad moqmedi angariSTa gegmiT
gaTvaliswinebulia angariSebis jgufi - 1400 `moklevadiani moTxovnebi~ da 2300 -
`grZelvadiani moTxovnebi~.
2.2. mimdinare (moklevadiani) moTxovnebis

aRricxva
mimdinare (moklevadiani) moTxovnebis aRsaricxavad amJamad moqmedi

angariSTa gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulia 1400 jgufis angariSebi - `moklevadiani
moTxovnebi~, 1500 jgufis angariSebi `moklevadiani saTamasuqo moTxovnebi~, 1800
jgufis angariSebi - `daricxuli moTxovnebi~, 1700 jgufis angariSebi - `winaswar
gaweuli xarjebi~.
mimdinare (moklevadiani) moTxovnebi SeiZleba daiyos: savaWro moTxovnebad,
daricxul moTxovnebad da sxva moTxovnebad.
savaWro moTxovnebs (debitorul davalianebebs) warmoadgens: moTxovnebi
miwodebiT da momsaxurebiT, moklevadiani saTamasuqo moTxovnebi, mimwodeblebze
gadaxdili avansebi, winaswar gaweuli xarjebi.
daricxuli moTxovnebia: misaRebi dividendebi, misaRebi procentebi da sxva
daricxuli moTxovnebi.
sxva moTxovnebad miiCneva: moTxovnebi sawarmos personalis mimarT,
moTxovnebi sawarmos xelmZRvanelobisa da sameTvalyureo saWos wevrebis mimarT,
moTxovnebi partniorebze gacemuli sesxiT da sxva.
60
2.3. savaWro moTxovnebis
aRricxva
2.3.1. miwodebidan da momsaxurebidan warmoqmnili

moTxovnebis aRricxva
daricxvis meTodis mixedviT, Semosavlis aRiareba unda moxdes saqonlis

(samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) miwodebisTanave, miuxedavad imisa, moxdeba Tu ara
dauyovnebliv misi gadaxda. swored miwodebisas Tanxis gadauxdeloba, gadaxdis
gadavadeba, anu kreditiT gayidva warmoadgens moTxovnebis warmoqmnis safuZvels.
saerTaSoriso praqtikiT, kreditiT vaWroba miwodebis gavrcelebuli formaa.
saqonlis (samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) kreditiT miwodeba SeiZleba
ganxorcieldes sxvadasxva pirobebiT: Cveulebrivi, fasdaTmobiT, an TamasuqiT.
ganvixiloT TiToeuli cal-calke:
Cveulebrivi moklevadiani moTxovna anu debitoruli davalianeba aranair
gansakuTrebul pirobas ar iTvaliswinebs da daifareba, rogorc wesi,
xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebul vadebSi. aseTi SeiZleba iyos 30-60 dRe.
moTxovnebis warmoqmnis safuZvels miwodebis angariS-faqtura warmoadgens,
romliTac sakuTrebisa da gankargvis ufleba, agreTve, masTan dakavSirebuli
yvela riski gamyidvelidan myidvels gadaecema.
mimdinare (moklevadiani) moTxovnebis warmoqmna buRaltrul aRricxvaSi
aisaxeba gatarebiT: D
d-ti - moTxovnebi miwodebidan da momsaxurebidan;
k-ti - Semosavali realizaciidan.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sawarmo aris dRg-is gadamxdeli, miwodebisas

Semosavlis aRiarebasTan erTad, unda moxdes dRg-s daricxva anu Sesabamisi
sagadasaxado valdebulebis warmoqmna:
d-ti - moTxovnebi miwodebidan da momsaxurebidan (saerTo TanxiT);
k-ti - Semosavali realizaciidan (Semosavlis TanxiT);
k-ti - gadasaxdeli dRg (dRg-s TanxiT).
moTxovnebis anu debitoruli davalianebis dafarva buRaltrul

aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti - fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi;
k-ti moTxovnebi miwodebidan da momsaxurebidan.
61
fasdaTmobiT ganxorcielebuli operaciebis aRricxva.
sawarmom klients (debitors) davalianebis droulad dafarvis
stimulirebis mizniT, SeiZleba SesTavazos fasdaTmoba, rac miuxedavad
Semcirebuli Tanxis gadaxdisa, mainc gaaumjobesebs mis finansur mdgomareobas.
davuSvaT, sawarmom miwodeba ganaxorciela 30 dRiani ganvadebiT, Tu klienti
Tanxas gadaixdis miwodebidan 10 dReSi, mas eZleva fasdaTmoba gasanaRdebeli
Tanxis 2%-is odenobiT. igi angariS-faqturaSi Semdegnairad aisaxeba: 2/10 an
srulad 30.
bass-is Tanaxmad, fasdaTmobiT ganxorcielebuli miwodebis operaciebi
buRaltrul aRricxvaSi SeiZleba ori meTodiT aisaxos:
mTliani Tanxis aRricxvis meTodiT; da
wminda Tanxis aRricxvis meTodiT.
magaliTi:
klients 2012 wlis 5 ianvars miewoda saqoneli - 10000 laris, Semdegi pirobiT:
3/10 srulad 30.
mTliani Tanxis asaxvis meTodis gamoyenebisas, operaciis moxdenis dRes, e. i. 2012
wlis 5 ianvars unda moxdes Semosavlebisa da Sesabamisi moTxovnebis aRiareba:
d-ti - moTxovnebi miwodebidan da momsaxurebidan - 10000;
k-ti - Semosavali realizaciidan - 10000.
1. klientma gadaixada davalianebis Tanxa 25 ianvars, e. i. ar isargebla

SeTavazebuli fasdaTmobiT. davalianebis gadaxda aisaxeba buRaltruli
gatarebiT:
d-ti - fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi - 10000;
k-ti - moTxovnebi miwodebidan da momsaxurebidan - 10000.
2. klientma isargebla fasdaTmobis pirobiT da Tanxa gadaixada miwodebidan 7

dReSi, 12 ianvars:
d-ti - gayiduli saqonlis fasdaTmoba - 300;
angariSi `gayiduli saqonlis dabruneba da fasdaTmoba~ kontraluri

angariSia, romelic aregulirebs angariSs `Semosavlebi realizaciidan~. amitom,
saangariSgebo periodis Semosavlebis dazusteba unda moxdes buRaltruli
gatarebiT:
62
d-ti - Semosavali realizaciidan - 300;
k-ti D gayiduli saqonlis fasdaTmoba 300.
wminda (neto) Tanxis aRricxvis meTodiT igive operacia buRaltrul

aRricxvaSi Semdegnairad aisaxeba:
saqonlis miwodebisas, realizaciis wminda (neto) RirebulebiT Sesdgeba
buRaltruli gatareba:
d-ti - gayiduli saqonlis fasdaTmoba - 300;
k-ti - Semosavali realizaciidan - 10000.
1. klientma gadaixada davalianebis Tanxa 12 ianvars, e. i. isargebla SeTavazebuli

fasdaTmobiT:
saangariSgebo periodis Semosavlebis dazusteba moxdeba buRaltruli gatarebiT:

d-ti - Semosavali realizaciidan - 300;
k-ti - gayiduli saqonlis fasdaTmoba - 300.
2. klientma gadaixada davalianebis Tanxa 25 ianvars, e. i. ar isargebla

fasdaTmobiT. davalianebis gadaxda aisaxeba buRaltruli gatarebiT:
Sesabamisad, saangariSgebo periodis bolos, gamouyenebeli fasdaTmobis

TanxiT unda moxdes `moTxovnebis~ angariSis koreqtireba:
k-ti - gayiduli saqonlis fasdaTmoba - 300.
63
2.3.2. saTamasuqo moTxovnebis
aRricxva
saqonlis kreditiT gayidvis operaciebi SeiZleba gaformdes TamasuqiT.

Tamasuqi fasiani qaRaldia, riTac gadamxdeli kisrulobs werilobiT
valdebulebas Tanxis moTxovnisTanave, an dadgenil vadaSi gadaxdaze. Tamasuqi
ori saxisaa:
Cveulebrivi (martivi) Tamasuqi;
gadasapirebeli Tamasuqi.
martivi Tamasuqi adasturebs Tamasuqis mflobelis fulad valdebulebas,

ganaRdebis vadis dadgomisas gadauxados gansazRvruli Tanxa Tamasuqis
mflobels. gadasapirebeli Tamasuqi fasiani qaRaldia, romelic gamoiwereba
kreditoris (Tamasuqis gamcemis) mier da warmoadgens gadamxdelisaTvis
gansakuTrebul werilobiT brZanebas gadauxados miTiTebul dros gansazRvruli
Tanxa gadasapirebel TamasuqSi miTiTebul mesame pirs (Tamasuqis mflobels).
Tamasuqi SeiZleba iyos moklevadiani an grZelvadiani.
Tamasuqis savaldebulo rekvizitebia: dasaxeleba, gacemis TariRi,
nominali, Tamasuqis mimRebis (remitenti) dasaxeleba, dafarvis TariRi,
saprocento ganakveTi, Tamasuqis gamcemis dasaxeleba da xelmowera.
saTamasuqo moTxovnebis aRricxvisas mniSvnelovania Tamasuqis vadis
gansazRvra, ramdenadac Tamasuqis vadis gasvlis Semdeg unda Sewydes procentis
daricxva da Sesabamisad, saTamasuqo moTxovna gadatanil iqnes `miwodebiT da
momsaxurebiT warmoqmnili moTxovnebi~-s angariSze. Tamasuqis vada misi
moqmedebis periodiT (dReebis an Tveebis ricxvi) ganisazRvreba. Tamasuqis
dafarvis TariRis gaangariSebaSi misi gaformebis dRe monawileobas ar
Rebulobs. amasTan, aucilebelia Tamasuqis vadis zustad gansazRvra saprocento
Semosavlis sworad gaangariSebis mizniT. saprocento Semosavali (xarji)
ganisazRvreba Tamasuqis nominalis, wliuri saprocento ganakveTisa da Tamasuqis
vadis mixedviT.
saprocento Semosavlis (xarjis) gaangariSeba SeiZleba e.w. 360 dRiani an
365 dRiani meTodiT. 360 dRiani meTodis dros wliuri misaRebi saprocento
Semosavali iyofa 12 Tveze, ganisazRvreba erTi Tvis saprocento Semosavali,
romelic gamravldeba Tamasuqis moqmedebis TveTa raodenobaze. 365 dRiani
meTodis gamoyenebis dros wliuri misaRebi saprocento Semosavali iyofa 365
dReze, gaiangariSeba erT dReSi dasaricxi saprocento Semosavali, romelic
gamravldeba Tvis dReTa raodenobaze.
64
magaliTi: K
sawarmom moTxovnebis dasafaravad myidvelisagan 2013 wlis 1 Tebervals miiRo
Cveulebrivi (martivi) Tamasuqi 5000 larze, wliuri saprocento ganakveTi 12%;
Tamasuqis dafarvis vada 2013 wlis 31 dekemberia, saprocento Tanxa gadaxdili
unda iqnes yoveli Tvis bolos. sawarmo iyenebs procentis gaangariSebis 360
dRian meTods.
1. Tamasuqis miRebisas, saTamasuqo moTxovnis warmoqmna gatardeba:

d-ti - miRebuli moklevadiani Tamasuqebi - 5000;
2. gaiangariSeba yovelTviuri saprocento Semosavali:

(5000 X 12%) X 1/12 = 50 lari.
yoveli Tvis bolos moxdeba saprocento Semosavlis daricxva:
d-ti - misaRebi procenti - 50;
k-ti - saprocento Semosavali 50.
3. saprocento Tanxis miReba gatardeba:

d-ti - fuladi saSualebebis angariSeba - 50;
k-ti - misaRebi procentebi - 50.
2013 wlis 31 dekembers, Tamasuqis ZiriTadi Tanxisa da dekembris Tvis saprocento

Tanxis gadaxda gatardeba:

k-ti - miRebuli moklevadiani Tamasuqebi - 5000;
k-ti - misaRebi procentebi - 50.
Tamasuqis droulad gaunaRdeblobis SemTxvevaSi, Sewydeba saprocento

Tanxis daricxva da saTamasuqo moTxovna gadaitaneba `miwodebiT da momsaxurebiT
warmoqmnili moTxovnebi~-s angariSze.
Cveulebrivi (martivi) Tamasuqisagan gansxvavebiT, gadasapirebeli Tamasuqis
gamcemi valdebulia Tamasuqis Tanxa gadauxados Tamasuqis warmomdgens. aqedan
gamomdinare, Tamasuqis mimRebs ufleba aqvs garantori bankis meSveobiT
moaxdinos, Tamasuqis vadamde ganaRdeba, anu miiRos bankis sesxi Tamasuqis
ganaRdebis TariRamde, gadasapirebeli Tamasuqis garantiiT. amas Tamasuqis
aRricxva anu diskonti ewodeba. Tamasuqis diskontisaTvis banki moiTxovs Tanxas,
65
romelsac diskontis ganakveTi ewodeba. diskontis ganakveTi gaiangariSeba
formuliT:
C = (M X I )X T
sadac:
C diskontis ganakveTia;
M Tamasuqis gasanaRdebeli Tanxaa;
I saprocento ganakveTia;
T- Tamasuqis aRricxvidan ganaRdebamde darCenili droa.
magaliTi:
sawarmom momsaxure bankSi moaxdina Tamasuqis diskonti. Tamasuqis nominali 5000
laria, wliuri saprocento ganakveTi 12%, Tamasuqis dafarvis vada 360 dRea,
Tamasuqis ganaRdebamde darCenilia 150 dRe, diskontis ganakveTi 15%-ia.
gasanaRdebeli Tanxa, gaangariSebis 360 dRiani meTodiT, Seadgens:
5000 + (5000 X 12%) (5600 X 15% X 150 / 360) = 5000 + 600 350 = 5250.
maSasadame, Tamasuqis gasanaRdebeli Tanxaa 5000 lari, saprocento Semosavali -

600 lari, diskontis ganakveTi - 350 lari.
diskontirebuli TamasuqiT bankidan Tanxis miReba gatardeba:

k-ti - miRebuli moklevadiani Tamasuqebi - 5000;
k-ti - saprocento Semosavali - 250 (600 - 350).
2.4. daricxuli moTxovnebis

aRricxva
finansuri operaciebis ganxorcielebiT warmoiqmneba Sesabamisi moTxovna.

isini ZiriTadad, dakavSirebulia sxva subieqtebis mier sawarmos aqtivebis
gamoyenebasTan. magaliTad, aseTebia, misaRebi dividendebi, sawarmos mier gacemul
sesxebze misaRebi procentebi da sxva.
moTxovnebi misaRebi dividendebiT buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:

d-ti - misaRebi dividendebi;
k-ti - Semosavali dividendebiT.
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moTxovnebi misaRebi procentebiT buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti - misaRebi procentebi;
k-ti - saprocento Semosavali.
dividendebisa da procentebis miReba aisaxeba buRaltruli gatarebiT:

k-ti - misaRebi dividendebi;
k-ti - misaRebi procentebi.
2.5. sxva moTxovnebis aRricxva
savaWro moTxovnebis garda sawarmoSi SeiZleba adgili hqondes agreTve,

sxva moTxovnebsac, romelic warmoiqmna momsaxurebis winaswari anazRaurebiT,
sawarmos personalze sxvadasxva daniSnulebiT Tanxebis gacemiT,
ganxorcielebuli finansuri operaciebiT da sxva.
sawarmo xSirad winaswar ixdis sxvadasxva saxis momsaxurebis Rirebulebas.
magaliTad, saijaro qiras, telefonis, eleqtroenergiis gadasaxads, wylis
Rirebulebas da sxva. SesaZlebelia, Tanaxmad xelSekrulebisa, sawarmom
momwodeblebs winaswar gadauxados mosawodebeli sasaqonlo-materialuri
faseulobebis Rirebuleba. es aris winaswar gadaxdili xarji, romelic
Sesabamisobis principidan gamomdinare, ar miekuTvneba saangariSgebo periods da
warmoadgens momavali periodis xarjs. aseTi xarji warmoqmnis moTxovnas
winaswar gadaxdili avansebiT, romelic aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti - gadaxdili avansebi;
k-ti - fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi.
gadaxdili avansebiT warmoqmnili moTxovnebis dafarva moxdeba Sesabamisi

momsaxurebis ganxorcielebiT, faseulobebis mowodebiT, an avansad gadaxdili
Tanxis ukandabrunebiT:
d-ti - Sesabamisi xarjebis amsaxveli angariSebi;
d-ti - maragebis angariSebi (maragebis saxeebis mixedviT);
k-ti - gadaxdili avansebi.
67
sameurneo saqmianobis mimdinareobisas warmoiqmneba saWiroeba, sawarmos
muSakebze sameurneo davalebis Sesasruleblad Tanxebis gacemaze. aseTi Tanxebi
saqveangariSo Tanxebad iwodeba, xolo am Tanxebis mimRebi pirebi
angariSvaldebul pirebad. Sesabamisad, warmoiqmneba moTxovna sawarmos
personalis mimarT, romelic buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti - moTxovnebi sawarmos personalis mimarT;
k-ti - naRdi fuli salaroSi.
angariSvaldebuli pirebis mier saqveangariSod miRebuli Tanxebis xarjvis

damadasturebeli dokumentebis warmodgenis Semdeg, moxdeba Sesabamisi xarjis
aRiareba:
d-ti - maragebis angariSebi (maragebis saxeebis mixedviT);
d-ti - saerTo da administraciuli xarjebi;
k-ti - moTxovnebi sawarmos personalis mimarT.
angariSvaldebuli piris mier daniSnulebisamebr dauxarjavi Tanxis naSTi

unda dabrundes sawarmos salaroSi:
d-ti - naRdi fuli salaroSi;
an, sawinaaRmdego SemTxvevaSi, sawarmom damatebiT unda gadauxados

angariSvaldebul pirs sxvaoba avansad miRebul Tanxasa da faqtiurad gaweul
xarjebs Soris:
sawarmos personals SeiZleba, mieyidos mza produqcia kreditiT (Semdgomi

gadaxdis pirobiT), romelic miwodebisas unda aRiardes Semosavlad:
k-ti - Semosavali realizaciidan.
personalis mier aRniSnuli davalianebis dafarva gatardeba:

SesaZlebelia moklevadiani moTxovna warmoiqmnas partniorebze (damfuZneblebze)

gacemuli sesxebiT:
68
d-ti - moTxovnebi partniorebze gacemuli sesxiT;
k-ti- fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi.
xolo sesxis dafarva sawinaaRmdego gatarebiT aisaxeba:

k-ti - moTxovnebi partniorebze gacemuli sesxiT.
2.6. saeWvo da uimedo moTxovnebis

aRricxva
sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi, kreditiT gayidva farTod gavrcelebuli da

Cveulebriv, ormxrivad sargebliania rogorc gamyidvelisaTvis, ise
myidvelisaTvis. sawarmoebi, kreditiT gayidvisas, yovelTvis cdiloben
gadamxdelunariani klientebis SerCevas. da mainc, aseTi garigeba garkveul
riskTan aris dakavSirebuli, rac upirveles yovlisa, valis droulad dafarvaSi
mdgomareobs. valis dafarvis periodis ganmavlobaSi SesaZlebelia klients
warmoeqmnas finansuri Tu sxva siZneleebi, rac valis dafarvis vadebis
darRvevas, an saerTod gadauxdelobas gamoiwvevs. Tu sawarmos gaaCnia sakmarisi
mtkicebuleba imisa, rom romelime klienti gakotrda, ver iZebneba an
gardacvlilia, maSasadame, igi ver gadaixdis sawarmos winaSe arsebul
valdebulebas da aseTi moTxovna anu debitoruli davalianeba uimedo valad
unda aRiardes.
uimedo moTxovnebi anu debitoruli davalianebebi saagariSgebo periodis
bolos, finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisas Camoiwereba, e. i. moxdeba misi
xarjad aRiareba da Sesabamisad, aisaxeba sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi.
xolo TviT saqonlis gayidvis operacia, rogorc ukve momxdari faqti, rCeba
buRaltrul aRricxvaSi. maSasadame, Camoiwereba da xarjad aRiardeba mxolod
uimedo debitoruli davalianeba da ara saqonlis gayidva.
buRaltruli gatarebebi:
1. uimedo debitoruli davalianebis Camowera:
d-ti - saeWvo da uimedo moTxovnebis xarjebi; an
d-ti - saeWvo moTxovnebis koreqtireba (rezervi);
k-ti - moTxovnebi miwodebiT.
69
2. xarjebis amsaxveli angariSebis daxurva:
d-ti - saangariSgebo periodis mogeba/zarali;
k-ti - saeWvo da uimedo moTxovnebis xarjebi.
SesaZlebelia, sawarmom garkveuli periodis Semdeg, miiRos adre xarjad

aRiarebuli da zaralSi Camowerili debitoruli davalianeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi,
konservatizmis principis moTxovnaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, buRaltrul aRricxvaSi
jer unda aisaxos Sesabamisi Tanxis miReba, Semdeg ki, aRsdges adre Camowerili
moTxovna:
1. d-ti - fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi;
k-ti - moTxovnebi miwodebiT.
2. d-ti - moTxovnebi miwodebiT;
k-ti - saeWvo da uimedo moTxovnebis xarjebi; an
k-ti - saeWvo moTxovnebis koreqtireba (rezervi).
SesaZlebelia klients warmoeqmnas droebiTi finansuri siZneleebi an

kidev ufro meti, kotrdeba, eqvemdebareba likvidacias. am siZneleebis
mowesrigebamde an likvidaciamde mis mier valis dafarva jer kidev
SesaZlebelia, magram garantirebuli ar aris da amitom, amgvari moTxovnebi
saeWvo moTxovnebad, anu saeWvo debitorul davalianebebad iwodeba. imis gamo,
rom aseTi valebis miReba saeWvoa, magram kidev SesaZlebelia, finansuri
angariSgebis momzadebisas pirdapir misi Camowera da zaralad aRiareba ar xdeba.
debitoruli davalianebebis saeWvo valebad miCnevisas, windaxedulobis
(gamWriaxobis) principis gaTvaliswinebiT, dauyovnebliv unda Seiqmnas Sesabamisi
rezervi, romelic im SemTxvevaSi iqneba gamoyenebuli, Tu aseTi saeWvo vali
marTlac iqca uimedod da sawarmom dakarga misi miRebis SesaZlebloba. amasTan,
bass-is mixedviT, saeWvod miiCneva da xarjad aRiardeba mxolod amosaRebi
debitoruli davalianeba da ar moxdeba miwodebis momentisaTvis ukve Semosavlad
aRiarebuli amonagebis koreqtireba.
saeWvo moTxovnebis koreqtireba, rezervis Seqmna gatardeba:

d-ti - saeWvo moTxovnebis xarji;
k-ti saeWvo moTxovnebis koreqtireba (rezervi).
maSasadame, xdeba saeWvo moTxovnebis (debitoruli davalianebebis) Tanxis

xarjad aRiareba, magram uimedo moTxovnebisgan gansxvavebiT, saeWvo moTxovnebis
TanxiT ar mcirdeba sawarmos moTxovnebi, saeWvo valebi kvlav rCeba
70
`moTxovnebi~-s angariSze. rac Seexeba angariSs ,,saeWvo moTxovnebis koreqtireba,
igi pasiuri, kontraluri angariSia, amitom aisaxeba balansSi, mimdinare aqtivis
SemadgenlobaSi, moTxovnebis muxlis momdevno striqonze `minus~ niSniT. e.i.
akldeba moTxovnebis anu debitoruli davalianebebis saerTo Tanxas. Sedegad
miRebuli sxvaoba warmoadgens finansur angariSgebaSi asaxul normalur
debitorul davalianebebs, romelTa miReba eWvgareSea.
ganasxvaveben saeWvo valebis rezervis or saxes:
konkretul rezervi;
saerTo rezervi.
Tu cnobilia konkretuli debitoruli davalianeba, romlis miRebac

saeWvoa, aRniSnuli davalianebis saerTo TanxiT iqmneba saeWvo valebis rezervi,
romelic ,,konkretul rezervad iwodeba. aseTi, cxadia, iSviaTobas warmoadgens.
Znelia sawarmom winaswar zustad gansazRvros, romeli klienti (debitori) ver
daabrunebs droulad vals. Tu sawarmos muSaobis gasuli wlebis gamocdileba
gviCvenebs, rom ganaRdebis vadadamdgari debitoruli davalianebebis dafarva
srulad ar xdeba da misi garkveuli nawili, magaliTad, 3%, 5%, da a.S. daufaravi
rCeba, sawarmom finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisas unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom
igive mdgomareoba SeiZleba ganmeordes da Seqmnas saeWvo valebis rezervi. saeWvo
valebis rezervi, romelic iqmneba moTxovnebis saerTo Tanxis garkveuli
procentis odenobiT anaricxebad aRiarebiT, ,,saerTo rezervad" iwodeba.
praqtikaSi gamoiyeneba saeWvo valebis rezervis gansazRvris ori ZiriTadi
meTodi:
neto realizaciidan an neto kreditiT realizaciidan procentis
gansazRvris meTodi;
debitoruli davalianebebis analizis meTodi.
neto kreditiT realizaciidan procentis gansazRvris meTodis gamoyeneba

sawarmos warsuli wlebis gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT xdeba.
magaliTi:
2013 wels sawarmos kreditiT realizaciam 160000 lari Seadgina. imave periodSi
saqonlis ukandabrunebam Seadgina 15000 lari, xolo fasdaTmobam 10000 lari.
2013 wlis neto realizacia 135000 laria (160000 15000 10000);
71
sawarmos monacemebi saeWvo moTxovnebis Sesaxeb:
wlebi neto realizacia danakargebi saeWvo moTxovn. procenti
2005 80000 2400 3%
2006 120000 3720 3,1%
2007 150000 4350 2,9%
sul 350000 10470 3,0
motanili monacemebis mixedviT, sawarmo yovelwliurad ver Rebulobs neto

realizaciis daaxloebiT 3%. am gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, 2012 wlis
finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisas man unda gansazRvros saeWvo
moTxovnebisaTvis saWiro rezervis Tanxa. igi 4050 lars Seadgens (135000 X 3%),
aRiardeba saangariSgebo periodis xarjad da periodis bolos aisaxeba sruli
Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi:
d-ti - saeWvo moTxovnebis xarji - 4050;
k-ti saeWvo moTxovnebis koreqtireba (rezervi) 4050.
analizis meTodi gulisxmobs debitoruli davalianebebis gaanalizebas
maTi gadaxdis vadebis gaTvaliswinebiT. rac ufro metia gadaxdis
vadagadacilebuli dReebis ricxvi, miT ufro naklebia maTi gadaxdis albaToba.
amitom, analizis meTodis gamoyenebisas debitoruli davalianebebi jgufdeba
gadaxdis vadagadacilebuli dReebis ricxvis mixedviT, ganisazRvreba
gadauxdeli debitoruli davalianebis savaraudo odenoba. TiToeuli
jgufisaTvis ganisazRvreba saeWvo valebis rezervi, xolo am ukanasknelis
safuZvelze _ saangariSgebo periodis bolosaTvis saeWvo valebis rezervis
saWiro Tanxa.
magaliTi:
saeWvo moTxovnebis gaangariSeba
sul
# vadagadacilebuli dReebi moTxovnebi saeWvo moTxovnebi
savaraudo rezervis
% Tanxa
1 romelTa ganaRdebis vada ar damdgara 95000 1% 950
2 vadagadacilebuli:
30 dRemde 30000 3% 900
31-60 dRemde 15000 10% 1500
61-90 dRemde 11000 25% 2750
91-120 dRemde 5000 50% 2500
120 dReze zeviT 4000 80% 3200
sul 160000 11800
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motanili magaliTis mixedviT, warsuli wlebis gamocdilebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, saeWvo moTxovnebi 11800 laria. aqedan xarjad aRiardeba misi
mxolod is nawili, romelic mimdinare saangariSgebo periodis wilad modis.
saangariSgebo periodis bolos saeWvo moTxovnebis rezervis saWiro Tanxis
srulad darezerveba SeiZleba aucilebeli ar iyos. mxedvelobaSi miiReba saeWvo
moTxovnebis koreqtirebis (rezervis) angariSze arsebuli naSTi, romelic saWiro
Tanxamde unda Seivsos. saeWvo moTxovnebis koreqtirebis (rezervis) angariSze
ricxul naSTsa da am miznebisaTvis saWiro Tanxas Soris sxvaobiT Sesdgeba
d-ti - saeWvo da uimedo valebis xarji;
k-ti - saeWvo valebis koreqtireba (rezervi).
saangariSgebo periodis bolos uimedo debitoruli davalianebebis

Camoweram SeiZleba angariSis `saeWvo moTxovnebis koreqtireba (rezervi)~
sadebeto naSTi warmoqmnas, rac igive wesiT daregulirdeba da saeWvo
moTxovnebis rezervis angariSi saWiro Tanxamde Seivseba.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saeWvo valebis rezervis angariSis naSTi saWiro
Tanxaze metia, sxvaobis TanxiT moxdeba misi koreqtireba buRaltruli
gatarebiT:
d-ti - saeWvo moTxovnebis koreqtireba;
k-ti - saeWvo da uimedo valebis xarji.
e. i. sxvaobis TanxiT Semcirdeba saeWvo da uimedo moTxovnebTan dakavSirebuli

xarjebi, romelic sawarmos Semosavals warmoadgens da Sesabamisad aisaxeba
angariSgebaSi mogebisa da zaralis Sesaxeb.
aRniSnuli Tanxa periodis bolos mogebisa da zaralis angariSgebaSi aisaxeba,
rogorc sxva Semosavali.
2.7. grZelvadiani moTxovnebis

aRricxva
moTxovna, rogorc aqtivi, bass-is mixedviT, CaiTvleba grZelvadian

moTxovnad, Tu mosalodnelia misi dafarva balansis Sedgenis TariRidan
Tormeti Tveze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi. grZelvadian moTxovnebs miekuTvneba:
miRebuli grZelvadiani Tamasuqebi, finansur ijarasTan dakavSirebuli
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moTxovnebi, moTxovnebi sawesdebo kapitalis Sevsebaze, gadavadebuli
sagadasaxado aqtivebi da sxva.
grZelvadiani moTxovnebis aRsaricxavad amJamad moqmedi angariSTa gegmiT
gaTvaliswinebulia 2300 jgufis angariSebi:
2310 - miRebuli grZelvadiani Tamasuqebi;
2320 - finansur ijarasTan dakavSirebuli moTxovnebi;
2330 - moTxovnebi sawesdebo kapitalis Sevsebaze;
2340 - gadavadebuli sagadasaxado aqtivebi;
2390 - sxva grZelvadiani moTxovnebi.
miRebuli grZelvadiani Tamasuqebis aRricxva moklevadiani Tamasuqebis

analogiurad xdeba.
finansur ijarasTan dakavSirebuli moTxovnebis, agreTve gadavadebuli
sagadasaxado aqtivebis (valdebulebis) aRricxva Sesabamis TemebSia ganxiluli.
moTxovnebi sawesdebo kapitalis Sevsebaze warmoiqmneba damfuZneblebis
(partniorebis) mimarT, Tu maT srulad ar aqvT Sesrulebuli sawesdebo moTxovna
da Senatani ganvadebulia erT saangariSgebo periodze meti xniT. moTxovnis
warmoqmna gatardeba:
d-ti - moTxovnebi sawesdebo kapitalis Sevsebaze;
k-ti - sawesdebo kapitali.
SesaZlebelia moTxovnebi sawesdebo kapitalis Sevsebaze gadavides
moklevadian moTxovnebSi, rodesac sawesdebo moTxovnebis Sesrulebis bolo vada
12 Tveze naklebi xdeba:
d-ti - kapitalis Sevsebaze grZelvadiani moTxovnis mimdinare nawili;
k-ti - moTxovnebi sawesdebo kapitalis Sevsebaze.
sawesdebo kapitalis Sevsebaze moTxovnebis dafarva fuladi an qonebrivi

SenataniT:
d-ti - arafuladi aqtivebi (saxeebis mixedviT);
k-ti - kapitalis Sevsebaze grZelvadiani moTxovnis mimdinare nawili.
74
Tavi III. sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis

aRricxva
3.1. sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi,
maTi klasifikacia
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi mimdinare aqtivebia. maTi aRricxva

bass-2 `sasaqonlo materialuri faseulobebi~-iT regulirdeba, romlis
mixedviTac sasaqonlo materialuri faseulobebs miekuTvneba aqtivebi, romlebic:
gaTvaliswinebulia gasayidad Cveulebrivi sameurneo saqmianobis procesSi;
monawileoben warmoebis procesSi da aseve, gaTvaliswinebulia gasayidad;
warmodgenilia nedleulisa da masalebis saxiT da gankuTvnilia sawarmoo
moxmarebisaTvis an momsaxurebis gasawevad.
bass 2 `sasaqonlo materialuri faseulobebi~ gankuTvnilia yvela saxis

sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis aRricxvisaTvis, garda:
daumTavrebeli mSeneblobisa, romelic warmoiqmneba saamSeneblo samuSaoTa

Sesrulebisas, maT Soris pirdapiri samSeneblo momsaxurebis gawevis dros,
romelic regulirdeba bass 11-iT - `samSeneblo kontraqtebi~;
finansuri instrumentebisa; da
biologiuri aqtivebisa, romlebic dakavSirebulia sasoflo-sameurneo

saqmianobasTan da soflis meurneobis produqciasTan, nayofis miRebis
momentSi, romelic regulirdeba bass 41-iT - `soflis meurneoba~.
bass 2 ar gamoiyeneba im sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis SefasebisaTvis,

romelsac flobs:
soflis meurneobisa da satyeo meurneobis produqtebis mwarmoebeli, nayofis

miRebis Semdgomi soflis meurneobis produqcia, agreTve sasargeblo
wiaRiseulis da sasargeblo wiaRiseulis produqtebis mwarmoebeli,
ramdenadac es produqtebi fasdeba neto sarealizacio RirebulebiT im
meTodebis Sesabamisad, romelic damkvidrebulia mopovebiTi mrewvelobis am
dargSi.
saqonliT movaWre brokerebi, romlebic Tavisi sasaqonlo-materialuri

faseulobebis Rirebulebis Sefasebas axorcieleben realizaciis xarjebiT
Semcirebuli realuri RirebulebiT.
75
maSasadame, sasaqonlo materialuri faseulobebis damaxasiaTebeli
ZiriTadi kriteriumebia:
isini materialuri aqtivebia;
sawarmos sakuTrebas warmoadgens da xanmokle periodis ganmavlobaSi
rCeba mis gankargulebaSi;
gankuTvnilia gasayidad an warmoebaSi gamosayeneblad;
mudmiv moZraobas ganicdis (xarjva, SeZena);
aqtivad aisaxeba masTan dakavSirebuli Semosavlis miRebis aRiarebamde.
miuxedavad imisa, rom sasaqonlo-materialuri aqtivebi mimdinare aqtivebia,

igi moicavs `miwas da sxva qonebas, romlebic aseve inaxeba da gaTvaliswinebulia
gasayidad~ (bass 2). momsaxurebis sferos sawarmoSi sasaqonlo-materialur faseu-
lobebs miakuTvneben iseTi momsaxurebis danaxarjebsac, saidanac sawarmos Semo-
savlebi jer ar miuRia.
finansur angariSgebaSi sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi Semdegi
jgufebis mixedviT aisaxeba:
masalebi;
daumTavrebeli warmoeba;
mza produqcia;
saqoneli.
balansSi isini SeiZleba ufro gamsxvilebuli muxlebiTac aisaxos.

sasaqonlo-materialur maragebs or ZiriTad jgufad yofen: sasaqonlo maragebad
da sawarmoo maragebad.
sasaqonlo maragebi sawarmos mier Semdgomi gayidvis mizniT SeZenili
saqonelia, romelic SeZenis Semdeg fizikuri formis arsebiT cvlilebebs ar
ganicdis, Tumca zogjer SeiZleba myidveli sawarmo gayidvamde maTs
kompleqtacias axorcielebdes.
sawarmoo maragebi - sawarmos mier gayidvis mizniT adgilze damzadebuli
an SeZenili sagnebia. sawarmoo maragebs miekuTvneba: masalebi, daumTavrebeli
warmoeba, sakuTari warmoebis naxevarfabrikatebi da mza produqcia.
masalebi warmoebaSi gamoyenebis wesisa da warmoebis procesSi maTi
daniSnulebis mixedviT Semdeg jgufebad iyofa:
- nedleuli da ZiriTadi masalebi;
- nayidi naxevarfabrikatebi;
- damxmare masalebi;
- tara da tara-masalebi;
76
- saTbobi;
- saTadarigo nawilebi;
- narCenebi.
daumTavrebeli warmoeba drois garkveuli momentisaTvis warmoebis

(damuSavebis) procesSi myofi materialuri faseulobaa, romelsac ar gauvlia
damuSavebis yvela stadia da ar miuRia mza produqciis saxe. daumTavrebel
warmoebas miekuTvneba agreTve, sakuTari warmoebis naxevarfabrikatebi.
mza produqcia materialuri faseulobaa, romelmac mocemul sawarmoSi
gaiara damuSavebis yvela stadia, Seesabameba dadgenil standarts da
gankuTvnilia gasayidad.
saqoneli sawarmos mier warmoebuli da gasayidad gankuTvnili an
xelmeored gayidvis mizniT SeZenili materialuri faseulobaa.
3.2. sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis

Sefaseba
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi, SeiZleba sawarmos aqtivebis

mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgendes. amitom maT Sefasebasa da finansur
angariSgebaSi realuri RirebulebiT asaxvas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba sawarmos
finansuri mdgomareobisa da misi Sedegebis analizisaTvis.
bass 2-is Tanaxmad, sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis Sefaseba xdeba
mis TviTRirebulebasa da neto (wminda) sarealizacio Rirebulebas Soris
umciresi TanxiT. Sefasebisadmi aseTi midgoma umciresi Rirebulebis princips
emyareba.
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis TviTRirebuleba moicavs maT

SeZenasTan da gadamuSavebasTan dakavSirebul yvela danaxarjs, agreTve im
danaxarjebs, romlebic gaweulia misi mocemul adgilamde transportirebasa da
saTanado mdgomareobaSi mosayvanad.
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis SeZenis danaxarjebi moicavs: maTi

SeZenis (nasyidobis) fass, saimporto sabaJo gadasaxads da sxva gadasaxadebs
(garda dabrunebadi gadasaxadebisa), satransporto, damzadebis xarjebs da saer-
Tod, im danaxarjebs, romlebic uSualod aris dakavSirebuli saqonlis, mza pro-
77
duqciis, nedleulis, masalebisa da momsaxurebis SeZenasTan. savaWro daTmoba, sa-
vaWro danamati da a. S. SeZenis danaxarjebis gaangariSebebSi ar Seitaneba.
maSasadame, garda SeZenis xarjebisa, sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis

TviTRirebuleba moicavs maTi ganTavsebis adgilamde mitanasTan dakavSirebul
xarjebs, sxvadasxva mosakreblebs, ukandaubrunebel gadasaxadebs da sxva
xarjebs, romlebic uSualodaa dakavSirebuli faseulobebis SeZenasTan. kerZod,
SeZenili sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis TviTRirebuleba Sedgeba SeZenis
Rirebulebisa da transportirebis xarjebisagan, dasabrunebeli gadasaxadebis
(magaliTad, damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadi) gamoklebiT. xolo Tu es
SeZenili saqoneli importulia, misi TviTRirebulebis SemadgenlobaSi Seitaneba
agreTve, gadaxdili sabaJo gadasaxadi da saqonlis ganbaJebasTan dakavSirebuli
sxva xarjebi, sabaJo mosakreblebisa da sxvaTa saxiT.
bass 2-iT nebadarTuli ar aris ucxouri valutiT SeZenili sasaqonlo-

materialuri faseulobebis SeZenis danaxarjebSi savaluto kursTa Soris
sxvaobis Setana.
saqonlis kreditiT (Semdgomi gadaxdis pirobiT) SeZenisas, gansxvaveba

SeZenis fassa da gadaxdil Tanxas Soris aRiardeba, rogorc saprocento xarji
dafinansebis periodis gaTvaliswinebiT.
rac Seexeba sawarmoo maragebis TviTRirebulebis gansazRvras,

aucilebelia gamoiyos pirdapiri danaxarjebi, mudmivi da cvalebadi zednadebi
xarjebi. `sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis konversiis (gadamuSavebis)
danaxarjebi moicavs iseT danaxarjebs, romlebic uSualodaa dakavSirebuli
produqciis erTeulis warmoebasTan~ (bass 2,m.12). aseTebia, pirdapiri danaxarjebi,
rogoricaa: ZiriTadi masalebis danaxarjebi, pirdapiri SromiTi danaxarjebi.
isini moicaven agreTve, sistematurad gasanawilebel mudmiv da cvlad zednadeb
xarjebs, romlebic gaweulia nedleulisa da masalebis mza produqciad
gardaqmnis, gadamuSavebis procesSi.
mudmivi sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebi arapirdapiri xarjebia, romelic
warmoebis moculobis cvlilebis Sesabamisad ar icvleba. aseTebia: cveTisa da
amortizaciis xarjebi, sawarmoo Senobebisa da mowyobilobebis eqspluataciis
(magaliTad, remontis) xarjebi, danaxarjebi sawarmos marTvasa da
administrirebaze.
cvladi sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebi arapirdapiri sawarmoo xarjebia,
romelic warmoebis moculobis cvlilebis proporciulad icvleba. aseTebia:
damxmare masalebis danaxarjebi, damxmare cocxali Sromis danaxarjebi da sxva.
78
mudmivi da cvladi zednadebi xarjebi warmoadgenen ra arapirdapir xarjebs,
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis konversiis danaxarjebze maTi mikuTvneba
ganawilebis wesiT xdeba. bass mixedviT, mudmivi sawarmoo zednadebi
xarjebisaTvis ganawilebis bazad ZiriTadad, saSualo sawarmoo simZlavre
gamoiyeneba. saSualo sawarmoo simZlavres uwodeben warmoebis iseT dones, rom-
lis miRwevac saSualod mosalodnelia ramdenime sawarmoo periodis an sezonis
ganmavlobaSi warmoebis normalur pirobebSi, sawarmoo simZlavreebis gegmuri
Senaxvis zaralis gaTvaliswinebiT. standartiT SesaZloa warmoebis faqtobrivi
donis gamoyenebac, Tu igi uaxlovdeba warmoebis saSualo simZlavres.
warmoebuli produqciis erTeulze misakuTvnebeli mudmivi sawarmoo zednadebi
xarjebis Tanxa ar izrdeba dabali mwarmoeblurobis an mowyobilobebis mocdene-
bis gamo. gaunawilebeli zednadebi xarjebi CaiTvleba im periodis xarjebad, ro-
melSic iqna gaweuli. saangariSgebo periodSi, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia
warmoebis araCveulebrivad maRali done, produqciis erTeulze mikuTvnebuli
mudmivi sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebis Tanxa im odenobiT unda Semcirdes, rom ar
moxdes sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis Sefaseba TviTRirebulebaze maRa-
li TanxiT. cvladi sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebis ganawileba produqciis erTe-
ulze xdeba sawarmoo simZlavreebis faqtobrivi gamoyenebis mixedviT.
sawarmoo procesi SesaZloa gulisxmobdes erTdroulad ramdenime

saxeobis produqciis warmoebas. SeiZleba iwarmoebodes kombinirebuli
produqcia, an ZiriTadi da araZiriTadi (Tanamde) produqcia. Tu sawarmoSi
konversiis xarjebi TiToeuli saxeobis produqciisTvis cal-calke ar
aRiricxeba, maSin misi sxvadasxva produqciaze ganawileba xdeba saTanado
normativebis safuZvelze. magaliTad, konversiis xarjebis ganawilebis safuZvlad
SeiZleba aRebul iqnes TiToeuli produqciis Sesabamisi gasayidi fasi. imis gamo,
rom araZiriTadi (Tanamde) produqciis xvedriTi wili umniSvneloa, maTi Sefaseba
xSirad neto sarealizacio RirebulebiT xdeba da igi Semdgom akldeba ZiriTadi
produqciis TviTRirebulebas. rogorc wesi, ZiriTadi produqtis sabalanso
Rirebuleba arsebiTad ar gansxvavdeba misi Rirebulebisagan.
bass-iT sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis TviTRirebulebaSi calke

muxlad gamoiyofa `sxva danaxarjebi~. bass-is mixedviT aseT danaxarjebs
ZiriTadad, miekuTvneba xarjebi, romlebic sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis
mocemul adgilamde mitanasa da maTi saTanado mdgomareobaSi moyvanasTanaa
dakavSirebuli. magaliTad, arasawarmoo zednadebi xarjebi an damkveTis
produqciis daproeqtebis danaxarjebi. rac Seexeba nedleulisa da masalebis
danakargebs, sxvadasxva zenormatiul sawarmoo danaxarjebs, sasaqonlo-
materialuri faseulobebis Senaxvis xarjebs (sawarmoo procesis wina stadiis
79
aucilebeli xarjebis garda), realizaciis danaxarjebs, isini sasaqonlo-
materialuri faseulobebis TviTRirebulebaSi ar Seitaneba da mimdinare
periodis xarjebad aRiardeba. gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi, sasaqonlo-materialuri
faseulobebis TviTRirebulebaSi SeiZleba Setanil iqnes nasesxeb saSualebebTan
dakavSirebuli danaxarjebi bass 23-iT - `sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli
danaxarjebi~ gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi.
momsaxurebis sferos sawarmoTa sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis
TviTRirebuleba am sferoSi dasaqmebuli, uSualod momsaxurebis gaweviT
dakavebuli an saSualo mmarTvelobiTi (kontroliorebi) personalis SromiTi
danaxarjebisa da masTan dakavSirebuli zednadebi xarjebisagan Sesdgeba. saerTo
administraciuli personalisa da realizaciaSi dasaqmebuli personalis Sromis
anazRaureba da realizaciasTan dakavSirebuli sxva saxis danaxarjebi ar
CairTveba sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis TviTRirebulebaSi da aRiardeba
mimdinare periodis xarjebad.
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi, romlebic Sedgeba soflis

meurneobis produqciisagan, rac sawarmom miiRo biologiuri aqtividan,
Tavdapirveli aRiarebisas fasdeba nayofis miRebis momentSi, gayidvisaTvis
saWiro Sefasebuli xarjebiT Semcirebuli realuri RirebulebiT (bass 41) da
warmoadgens sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis TviTRirebulebas mocemuli
TariRisaTvis.
neto (wminda) sarealizacio Rirebuleba aris Cveulebrivi sameurneo

procesisaTvis SefasebiTi gasayidi fasi, produqciis dasrulebisa da
gayidvisaTvis saWiro SefasebiTi danaxarjebis gamoklebiT~ (bass 2).
neto (wminda) sarealizacio Rirebuleba gamoiyeneba sasaqonlo-

materialuri faseulobebis Camowerisas, romelic SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos:
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis gafuWebiT, moZvelebiTa da sasaqonlo
saxis dakargviT, gasayidi fasis dacemiT an sxva mizeziT, rac ganpirobebulia
imiT, rom ar SeiZleba aqtivebis aRricxva imaze met TanxaSi, romelic SesaZloa
miviRoT maTi gayidvis an gamoyenebis Sedegad.
neto sarealizacio Rirebulebamde Camowera gamoiyeneba calkeuli

dasaxelebis sagnebis mixedviT, muxlobrivad, zogjer ki, msgavsi an erTgvarovani
sagnebis jgufebis mixedviTac. mizanSewonili ar aris mza produqciis jgufurad
Camowera neto sarealizacio Rirebulebamde, agreTve sasaqonlo-materialuri
faseulobebis erTad Camowera mrewvelobis romelime dargSi an geografiul
sivrceSi. momsaxurebis sferos sawarmoebi, Cveulebriv, danaxarjebs calke asaxa-
ven momsaxurebis iseTi saxeebis mixedviT, romlebisTvisac erTnairi gasayidi fa-
80
sia dadgenili. amitom momsaxurebis TiToeuli saxe ganixileba, rogorc calke
aRebuli, damoukidebeli elementi.
neto-sarealizacio Rirebulebis gaangariSebis meTodi, sasaqonlo-
materialuri faseulobebis mosalodneli sarealizacio Tanxis gaangariSebis
Sesaxeb, yvelaze xelmisawvdomi da saimedo monacemebis gamoyenebas eyrdnoba.
neto sarealizacio Rirebulebis gaangariSebisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba fasebis
an Rirebulebis mosalodneli cvlilebebi, sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis
daniSnuleba. Tu isini gankuTvnilia sarealizaciod an momsaxurebis gasawevad,
neto sarealizacio Rirebuleba saxelSekrulebo fasis mixedviT gaiangariSeba,
xolo Tu saxelSekrulebo monacemebi ver uzrunvelyofen sawarmos mTeli
sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis neto-sarealizacio Rirebulebis gansazRvras,
am mizniT Warbi maragebis mimarT saerTo gasayidi fasi gamoiyeneba.

TviTRirebulebis gaangariSebis
meTodebi
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis TviTRirebulebis gansazRvra maTi

SeZenisas, gansakuTrebul sirTules ar warmoadgens. sakmaod rTulia gayiduli
(gacemuli, daxarjuli) faseulobebis TviTRirebulebis gansazRvra, romelic
xarjad unda aRiardes. `roca sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi gaiyideba,
maTi sabalanso Rirebuleba unda aRiardes im periodis xarjebad, rodesac
miRebul iqna Sesabamisi Semosavalebi~.
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis SeZenis danaxarjebi mudmiv sidides

ar warmoadgens. igi icvleba saqonlis fasebis meryeobis Sesabamisad, erTi da
igive saxis saqonels, SeZenis drois mixedviT, sxvadasxa TviTRirebuleba
SeiZleba hqondes. maragebis didi odenobisas Znelia ukve gadamuSavebaSi myofi
faseulobebis faqtiuri TviTRirebulebis gansazRvra, amitom aRricxvaSi
gamoiyeneba daSveba, romlis mixedviTac, gadamuSavebaSi materialuri
faseulobebis Tanmimdevruli miReba ganixileba ara rogorc maTi fizikuri
erTeulebis nakadi, aramed rogorc misi TviTRirebulebis moZraoba.
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bass-is Sesabamisad, SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes sasaqonlo-materialuri
faseulobebis Sefasebis Semdegi meTodebi:
individualuri danaxarjebis specifikuri identifikaciis (erTeulis

TviTRirebulebis) meTodi;
saSualo Sewonili Rirebulebis meTodi;
`fifo~-s meTodi (pirveli SemosavalSi, pirveli gasavalSi);
bass-iT akrZalulia sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis TviTRirebulebis

aRricxva `lifo (bolo SemosavalSi, pirveli gasavalSi) meTodiT.
bass 2-is mixedviT, `calkeuli saxis sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis,

romlebic ar arian urTierTSemcvleli, agreTve specifikuri proeqtisaTvis
warmoebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis TviTRirebuleba unda ganisazRvros maTi
individualuri danaxarjebis specifikuri identifikaciiT~ (bass 2). danaxarjebis
specifikuri identifikacia gulisxmobs, rom specifikuri danaxarjebi miekuTvneba
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis identificirebul erTeuls. TviTRirebu-
lebis gansazRvris specialuri meTodi ar gamoiyeneba maSin, roca sasaqonlo-ma-
terialuri faseulobebi Sedgeba didi raodenobis urTierTSemcvleli elemente-
bisagan. aseT SemTxvevaSi, periodis wminda mogebis an zaralis winaswar gansaz-
Rvruli Sedegis miRebis mizniT, SesaZloa gamoyenebul iqnes im muxlebis SerCe-
vis meTodi, romelic rCeba sasaqon.-materialuri faseulobebis SemadgenlobaSi.
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis Sefaseba erTeulis RirebulebiT,

sinamdvileSi niSnavs maTi moZraobis aRricxvas TviTRirebulebiT. am meTodis
gamoyenebisas aucilebelia sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis mTeli
sawarmoo Sesyidvebis fizikuri dayofa, rac sakmaod Znelia msxvilseriuli
warmoebis pirobebSi. miuxedavad misi sizustisa, es meTodi SeiZleba gamoyenebul
iqnes mxolod im sawarmoebis mier, romlebic specialur SekveTebs asruleben, an
asruleben operaciebs SedarebiT mcire partiebad, iseTi ZviradRirebuli
saqonlis mixedviT, rogoricaa saiuveliro nakeTobebi, avtomanqanebi da sxva.
yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis TviTRirebulebis
gansazRvrisaTvis gamoyenebuli unda iqnes saSualo Sewonili Rirebulebis
formula an `fifo~ (pirveli SemosavalSi, pirveli gasavalSi). sawarmom
TviTRirebulebis erTnairi formula unda gamoiyenos yvela sasaqonlo-
materialuri faseulobisaTvis, romlebsac sawarmosaTvis msgavsi buneba da
gamoyeneba aqvs. gansxvavebuli bunebis an gamoyenebis sasaqonlo-materialuri
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faseulobebisaTvis, SeiZleba TviTRirebulebis gansxvavebuli formula iqnes
gamoyenebuli.
saSualo Sewonili RirebulebiT sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis

Sefaseba emyareba gaangariSebis Sesabamisi formulis gamoyenebas. am SemTxvevaSi
daaxloebiTi Sedegis miReba kompensirebulia gaangariSebis simartiviTa da
obieqturobiT. saSualo Sewonili Rirebulebis formulis Tanaxmad, sasaqonlo-
materialuri faseulobebis TiToeuli elementis Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba
saangariSgebo periodis dasawyisSi arsebuli sasaqonlo-materialuri
faseulobebis erTgvarovani elementebis Rirebulebis saSualo Sewonili
sididisa da im erTgvarovani elementebis Rirebulebis safuZvelze, romlebic
awarmoes an SeiZines saangariSgebo periodis ganmavlobaSi. Rirebulebis saSualo
sididis gaangariSeba SesaZlebelia periodulad an yoveli axladmiRebuli
partiisaTvis, mocemuli sawarmosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli konkretuli viTarebis
Sesabamisad.
magaliTi:
davuSvaT, ivlisis TveSi sawarmoSi adgili hqonda masalebis moZraobasTan

dakavSirebiT, Semdeg operaciebs:
TariRi erTeulis fasi raodenoba (cali)

(lari) Semosavali gasavali
naSTi 2,00 500
6 ivlisi 2,10 700
9 ivlisi 800
13 ivlisi 2,20 1000
18 ivlisi 600
23 ivlisi 2,40 800
27 ivlisi 1200
83
masalebis Sefaseba saSualo Sewonili RirebulebiT:
TariRi raodenoba (cali) Rirebuleba saSualo

Semosavali gasavali naSTi fasi
naSTi 500 1000 2,00
6 ivlisi 700 1470 2,10
naSTi 1200 2470 2,06
9 ivlisi 800 (1648)* 2,06
naSTi 400 824 2,06
13 ivlisi 1000 2200 2,20
naSTi 1400 3024 2,16
18 ivlisi 600 (1296) 2,16
naSTi 800 1728 2,16

23 ivlisi 800 1920 2,40
naSTi 1600 3648 2,28
27 ivlisi 1200 (2736) 2,28
naSTi 400 912 2,28
2470 / 1200 x 800 = 1648 da a. S.

`fifo~-s meTodi emyareba daSvebas, rom sasaqonlo-materialuri
faseulobebi igive TanmimdevrobiT gamoiyeneba an iyideba, rogorc igi SeiZina
sawarmom, e. i. `fifo~-s formulis gamoyeneba gulisxmobs, rom sasaqonlo-
materialuri faseulobebis is elementebi, romlebic SeiZines pirvelad, iyideba
(ixarjeba) pirvelad. cxadia, saangariSgebo wlis bolos SeiZleba darCes is
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi, romlebic SeiZines an awarmoes bolos.
magaliTi:
daxarjuli masalebis Sefaseba `fifo~-s meTodiT:
TariRi raodenoba gaangariSeba TviTRirebuleba
9 ivlisi 800 500 X 2,00 = 1000 1630

300 X 2,10 = 630
18 ivlisi 600 400 X 2,10 = 840 1280
200 X 2,20 = 440
27 ivlisi 1200 800 X 2,20 = 1760 2720
400 X 2,40 = 960
naSTi 400 400 X 2,40 = 960 960
84
magaliTi:
TviTRirebulebis gansazRvris meTodebi:
sawarmos mier wlis ganmavlobaSi SeZenilia saqoneli 5.000 cali; m. S.

SeZenis TariRi raodenoba fasi Tanxa
5 ianvari 400 7,00 2800
15 Tebervali 1100 7,50 8250
20 ivnisi 2000 7,25 14500
15 oqtomberi 1500 7,40 11100
sul 5000 36650
saangariSgebo periodis bolos mocemuli saqonlis maragi 500 calia.

periodis ganmavlobaSi realizaciis moculoba 60000 laria.
ganvsazRvroT:
- maragebis Sefaseba TiToeuli meTodis gamoyenebiT;

- TiToeuli meTodis gavlena sawarmos finansur Sedegze.
1. saSualo-Sewonili RirebulebiT:
saqonlis erTeulis saSualo-Sewonili Rirebuleba 7,33 lari (36650 / 5000);
realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba 32985 lari (7,33 X 4500);
saqonlis naSTi saangariSgebo periodis bolos 3665 lari (500X7,33); an
(36650 - 32985).
2. `fifo~-s meTodiT:
realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba:

TariRi raodenoba fasi Tanxa
5 ianvari 400 7,00 2800
15 Tebervali 1100 7,50 8250
20 ivnisi 2000 7,25 14500
15 oqtomberi 1000 7,40 7400
sul 4500 32950
saqonlis naSTi saangariSgebo periodis bolos 3700 lari (36650 - 32950).

85
maragebis Sefasebis meTodebis gavlena sawarmos finansur Sedegze:
`fifo~ saSualo
Sewonili
Semosavali realizaciidan 60000 60000
realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba (32950) (32985)
saerTo mogeba 27050 27015
saqonlis TviTRirebuleba periodis bolos 3700 3665
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis Sefasebis meTodis arCevani arsebiT

gavlenas axdens sawarmos mogebaze, romelic asaxulia angariSgebaSi mogebisa da
zaralis Sesaxeb.
maragebis Sefasebis meTodebis simravle problemebs uqmnis finansuri
informaciis momxmareblebs. ekonomikuri gadawyvetilebebSi am monacemebis
gamoyenebis Sesamsubuqeblad, agreTve dasaxelebuli meTodebiT manipulirebis
Semcirebis mizniT, bass rekomendacias iZleva angariSgebis SeniSvnebSi aixnas
maragebis Sefasebis meTodebi, raTa igi ufro adeqvaturi iyos sawarmos
saqmianobis Taviseburebebisa da uzrunvelyofdes wminda mogebis ufro zust
gaangariSebas.
TviTRirebulebis gansazRvris iseTi meTodebi, rogoricaa normatiuli da
sacalo fasebis meTodi, SesaZloa gamoyenebul iqnes, Tu Sedegebi miaxloebiT
gautoldeba TviTRirebulebas. normatiuli meTodis dros mxedvelobaSi miiReba
TviTRirebulebis Semadgeneli muxlebis, nedleulisa da masalebis xarjvis,
samuSao Zalis gamoyenebis, mwarmoeblurobisa da sawarmoo simZlavreTa
gamoyenebis normatiuli doneebi. es normebi regularulad unda gadaisinjos da,
saWiroebis SeTxvevaSi, Seicvalos Tanamedrove pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
sacalo fasebis meTods, ZiriTadad, sacalo vaWrobaSi iyeneben, sadac
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi Sedgeba swrafad cvalebadi didi
raodenobis elementebisagan, romelTac erTnairi marJa (sxvaoba gasayid fassa da
TviTRirebulebas Soris) aqvT da maTTvis arapraqtikulia TviTRirebulebis
gaangariSebis sxva meTodis gamoyeneba. sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis
TviTRirebuleba ganisazRvreba maTi gasayidi fasis mixedviT, romelsac akldeba
saerTo momgebianobis donisaTvis dadgenili garkveuli procentis Sesabamisi
Tanxa. procentul Tanafardobas iyeneben im sasaqonlo-materialuri
faseulobebisaTvis, romelTa Sefaseba moxda fasdaklebiT, Tavdapirvel gasayid
fasTan SedarebiT. sacalo vaWrobis qveganayofebSi ufro xSirad iyeneben
saSualo saprocento ganakveTs.
86
magaliTad, Tu saangariSgebo periodSi amonagebi realizaciidan 200000
laria, xolo savaWro sawarmos saerTo rentabeloba 20%-ia, realizebuli
saqonlis TviTRirebuleba 160000 lari (200000-20%) iqneba. igive wesiT
ganisazRvreba periodis bolosaTvis maragad arsebuli saqonlis
TviTRirebulebac.
3.4. sasaqonlo materialuri faseulobebis

aRricxvis meTodebi
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis aRricxva ori meTodiT warmoebs:

uwyveti (anu mudmivi) da perioduli meTodiT.
uwyveti meTodis gamoyenebisas, sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis

miReba da xarjva buRaltrul aRricxvaSi mudmivad, yoveldRiurad,
qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT aisaxeba. saangariSgebo periodis bolosaTvis
maragebis naSTi - aRricxvis Sesabamisi monacemebiT ganisazRvreba.
uwyveti meTodiT sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis moZraobis
aRsaricxavad amJamad moqmedi angariSTa gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulia 1600 jgufis
angariSebi `sasaqonlo-materialuri maragi~:
1610 saqoneli;
1620 nedleuli da masalebi;
1630 daumTavrebeli warmoeba;
1640 mza produqcia;
1690 sxva sasaqonlo-materialuri maragi.
uwyveti meTodis dros sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis SeZena

aisaxeba maragebis Sesabamisi angariSebis debetSi da fuladi saSualebebis an
mowodebiT warmoqmnili valdebulebebis angariSis kreditSi:
d_ti - sasaqono-materialuri maragebis angariSebi;
k_ti - fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi; an
k_ti - valdebulebebi mowodebidan da momsaxurebidan.
87
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis SeZenisas gadaxdili d.R.g SeZenili
maragebis TviTRirebulebaSi ar Seitaneba, ramdenadac igi ukandabrunebadi
gadasaxadia da Sesabamisad, aisaxeba `gadaxdili dRg~-s angariSze, debetSi:
d_ti - gadaxdili dRg;
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis SeZenisas warmoqmnili yovelgvari

jarimebi da sauravebi arasaoperacio xarjebs miekuTvneba da Sesabamisi
angariSis debetSi aisaxeba, xolo fasdaTmobebi Seamcireben arasaoperacio
Semosavlebs:
d_ti - arasaoperacio Semosavlebi;
rac Seexeba warmoebaSi damzadebul mza produqcias, igi SemosavalSi

aiReba TviTRirebulebiT, mza produqciis angariSis debetSi da Seamcirebs
daumTavrebel warmoebas:
d_ti - mza produqcia;
k_ti - daumTavrebeli warmoeba.
warmoebidan dauxarjavi masalebisa da meoradi gamoyenebis narCenebis

sawarmos sawyobSi dabruneba buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d_ti - masalebi;
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis sawarmodan gacema, xarjva,

realizacia, TviTRirebulebiT aisaxeba saoperacio xarjebisaTvis gankuTvnili
Sesabamisi jgufis angariSebze konkretuli sawarmos profilis mixedviT:
7100 realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba (produqciis mwarmoebeli
da momsaxurebis sferos sawarmoebisaTvis);
7200 _ realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba (savaWro sawarmoebisaTvis);
xolo sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis xarjva sxva miznebisaTvis,
Sesabamisad, miekuTvneba angariSebis jgufs: 7300 _ miwodebis xarjebi, an 7400
saerTo da administraciuli xarjebi.
88
masalebis xarjva warmoebaSi produqciis dasamzadeblad, daumTavrebeli
warmoebis mqone sawarmoebSi, SeiZleba pirdapir aisaxos daumTavrebeli warmoebis
angariSis debetSi, masalebis angariSis kreditTan korespodenciiT:
d_ti - daumTavrebeli warmoeba;
k_ti - masalebi.
magaliTi:
maragebis aRricxva uwyveti meTodiT:
I. naSTebi angariSebis mixedviT, 2012 wlis 1 ianvrisaTvis:
1. fuladi saSualebebi - 2100 lari;
2. sawesdebo kapitali - 4500 lari;
3. saqoneli - 2400 lari; m. S,
dasaxeleba raodenoba erTeulis fasi Tanxa

saqoneli A 10 60 600
saqoneli B 3 300 900
saqoneli C 4 200 800
saqoneli D 2 50 100
sul 2400
II. momxdari sameurneo operaciebi:
1. saqonlis SeZenis operaciebi:

1. 5 ianvars naRdi angariSsworebiT SeZenilia A A saqoneli, 20 cali, erTeulis
fasi - 60 lari;
d-ti _ saqoneli - 1200;
kti _ naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi 1200;
2. 15 Tebervals SeZenilia kreditiT B saqoneli 5 cali, erTeulis fasi 300
lari;
d-ti _ saqoneli 1500
k-ti _ valdebulebebi mowodebidan 1500;
3. 20 aprils SeZenilia C saqoneli 5 cali, erTeulis fasi 200 l.;
d-ti _ saqoneli 1000
k-ti _ valdebulebebi mowodebidan 1000.
89
2. saqonlis gayidvis operaciebi:
4. 25 ivniss kreditiT (Semdgomi gadaxdis pirobiT) gaiyida A saqoneli 15 cali,
gasayidi fasi 85 lari.
1. d-ti _ moTxovnebi miwodebiT 1275;
k-ti _ Semosavali realizaciidan 1275;
2. d-ti _ realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba 900;
k-ti _ saqoneli 900;
5. 20 agvistos naRdi angariSsworebiT gaiyida B saqoneli, 6 cali, erTeulis

fasi - 600 lari.
1. d-ti _ naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi 3600;
k-ti _ Semosavlebi realizaciidan 3600;

k-ti _ saqoneli 1800.
6. 27 agvistos kreditiT gaiyida C saqoneli, 2 cali, fasi 500 lari.

1. d-ti _ moTxovnebi miwodebiT 1000;
k-ti _ saqoneli - 400.
saangariSgebo periodis bolos, 31 dekembers, saqmianobis finansuri Sedegebis

gansazRvris mizniT, xdeba droebiTi (nominaluri) angariSebis daxurva:
7. Semosavlis angariSis daxurva:

d-ti _ Semosavali realizaciidan 5875;
k-ti _ saangariSgebo periodis mogeba-zarali 5875.
8. xarjebis angariSebis daxurva:

d-ti _ saangariSgebo periodis mogeba-zarali 3100;
k-ti _ realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba 3100.
9. saangariSgebo periodis mogeba-zaralis angariSis daxurva:

d-ti _ saangariSgebo periodis mogeba-zarali 2775;
k-ti _ gaunawilebeli mogeba 2775.
90
naRdi fuli salaroSi angariSi #1110
TariRi Sinaarsi miniSneba debeti krediti saldo
01 1 naSTi 2100 2100
01 5 saqoneli 1200 900
08 20 Semosavali realizaciidan 3600 4500
moTxovnebi miwodebiT angariSi #1410

saqoneli angariSi #1610

01 1 naSTi 2400 2400
01 5 naRdi fuli 1200 3600
02 15 valdebulebebi mowodebiT 1500 5100
06 25 real. saq. TviTRirebuleba 900 5200
valdebulebebi mowodebiT angariSi #3110

02 15 saqoneli 1500 1500
04 20 saqoneli 1000 2500
Semosavali realizaciidan angariSi #6110

06 25 moTxovnebi miwodebiT 1275 1275
08 20 naRdi fuli 3600 4875
12 31 saang. periodis mogeba 5875 0
91
realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba angariSi #7100
06 25 saqoneli 900 900
08 20 saqoneli 1800 2700
08 27 saqoneli 400 3100
sawesdebo kapitali angariSi #5150

01 1 naSTi 4500
gaunawilebeli mogeba angariSi #5310

saangariSgebo periodis mogeba/zarali angariSi #5330

12 31 gaunawilebeli mogeba 2775 0
sruli Semosavlis angariSgeba

2012 wlis 31 dekembramde periodisaTvis
(fragmenti)
Semosavlebi realizaciidan 5875

realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba (3100)
saerTo mogeba 2775

92
balansi
2012 wlis 31 dekembrisaTvis
(fragmenti)
a q t i v e b i valdebulebebi da kapitali
1. fuladi saSualebebi 4500 1. valdebulebebi mowodebiT 2500
2. moTxovnebi 2275 2. sawesdebo kapitali 4500
3. maragebi 3000 3. gaunawilebeli mogeba 2775
sul aqtivebi 9775 sul kapit. da valdebul. 9775
perioduli meTodis gamoyenebisas ar xdeba sasaqonlo-materialuri

faseulobebis moZraobis yoveldRiuri aRricxva uSualod maragebis amsaxvel
angariSebze. saangariSgebo periodis bolos, finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisas
maragebis raodenobrivi naSTi inventarizaciiT ganisazRvreba, Semdeg ki xdeba
misi Sefaseba sawarmos mier SerCeuli meTodiT da sawyisi naSTis dayvana
saboloo naSTis odenobamde, koreqtirebis gziT.
perioduli meTodiT sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis moZraobis
aRsaricxavad amJamad moqmedi angariSTa gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulia saoperacio
xarjebisaTvis gankuTvnili Sesabamisi jgufis angariSebi konkretuli sawarmos
profilis mixedviT:
1. produqciis mwarmoebeli da momsaxurebis sferos sawarmoebisaTvis _

7100 realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba:
7110 ZiriTadi masalebis danaxarjebi/SeZena;
7140 _ damxmare masalebis danaxarjebi/SeZena;
7180 _ remontis danaxarjebi;
7185 _ sasaqonlo-materialuri maragis koreqtireba.
2. savaWro sawarmoebisaTvis 7200 _ realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba:

7210 _ gayiduli/SeZenili saqoneli;
7220 _ gayiduli saqonlis ukandabruneba da fasdaTmoba;
7290 _ sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis koreqtireba.
perioduli meTodis gamoyenebisas, produqciis mwarmoebeli da

momsaxurebis sferos sawarmoebisaTvis periodis ganmavlobaSi SeZenili masalebi
mTlianad daxarjulad iTvleba, amitom masalebi SeZenisas aisaxeba ZiriTadi an
93
damxmare masalebis `SeZenis~ angariSis debetSi, savaWro sawarmoSi - `SeZenili
saqonlis~ angariSis debetSi, fuladi saSualebebis an mowodebiT warmoqmnili
valdebulebebis angariSis kreditTan korespondenciiT:
d-ti _ masalebis danaxarjebi/SeZena; an
d-ti _ gayiduli/SeZenili saqoneli;
k_ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi; an
k-ti _ valdebulebebi mowodebidan.
saangariSgebo periodis bolos, finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisas,

sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis saboloo (raodenobrivi) naSTi
inventarizaciiT ganisazRvreba, igi Sefasdeba sawarmos mier SerCeuli meTodiT
da gamoiyvaneba sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis naSTebs (sawyis da
saboloo) Soris sxvaoba, romelic warmoadgens koreqtirebad Tanxas. naSTebs
Soris sxvaobis TanxiT moxdeba maragebis sawyisi naSTis koreqtireba, saboloo
naSTamde misi dayvanis mizniT:
d-ti _ maragebis amsaxveli angariSebi;
k-ti _ maragebis koreqtirebis angariSi;
an piriqiT:
d-ti _ maragebis koreqtirebis angariSi;
k-ti _ maragebis amsaxveli angariSebi.
aRniSnuli koreqtirebadi gatarebis Semdeg, ganisazRvreba realizebuli

sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis TviTRirebuleba, romelic warmoadgens
angariSis 7100 realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba (an 7200 _
realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba) debetis naSTs am momentisaTvis.
maSasadame, realizebuli sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis TviTRirebuleba
udris maragebis sawyis naSTs damatebuli maTi SeZena da gamoklebuli saboloo
naSTi.
magaliTi:
maragebis aRricxva perioduli meTodiT:
1. naSTebi angariSebis mixedviT, 2012 wlis 1 ianvrisaTvis igivea, rac mudmivi

aRricxvis meTodis gamoyenebisas.
momxdari sameurneo operaciebi:

94
1. saqonlis SeZenis operaciebi:
1. 5 ianvars naRdi angariSsworebiT SeZenilia A A saqoneli, 20 cali, erTeulis
fasi - 60 lari;
d-ti _ SeZenili/gayiduli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba - 1200;
k-ti _ naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi - 1200.
2. 15 Tebervals SeZenilia kreditiT B saqoneli 5 cali, erTeulis fasi 300
lari;
d-ti _ SeZenili/gayiduli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba - 1500;
k-ti _ valdebulebebi mowodebiT da momsaxurebiT - 1500.
3. 20 aprils SeZenilia C saqoneli 5 cali, fasi 200 l.;

d-ti _ SeZenili/gayiduli saqonelis TviTRirebuleba - 1000;
k-ti _ valdebulebebi mowodebiT da momsaxurebiT - 1000.
2. saqonlis gayidvis operaciebi:

4. 25 ivniss kreditiT (Semdgomi gadaxdis pirobiT) gaiyida A saqoneli 15 cali,
gasayidi fasi 85 lari.
d-ti _ moTxovnebi miwodebiT - 1275;
k-ti _ Semosavali realizaciidan - 1275.
5. 20 agvistos naRdi angariSsworebiT gaiyida B saqoneli, 6 cali, erTeulis
fasi - 600 lari.
d-ti _ naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi - 3600;
6. 27 agvistos kreditiT gaiyida C saqoneli, 2 cali, fasi 500 lari.

d-ti _ moTxovnebi miwodebiT - 1000;
saangariSgebo periodis bolos, 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT, inventarizaciis

monacemebiT saqonlis faqtiuri naSTi Seadgens:
dasaxeleba raodenoba erTeulis fasi Tanxa
saqoneli A 15 60 900
saqoneli B 2 300 600
saqoneli C 7 200 1400
saqoneli D 2 50 100
sul 3000
95
7. sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis sawyis (2400 lari) da saboloo (3000 lari)
naSTebs Soris sxvaobis TanxiT (600 lari) Sedgeba koreqtirebadi gatareba:
k-ti _ maragebis koreqtireba - 600.
realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebulebis gansazRvris mizniT, yvela saoperacio

xarji Tavs moiyris sakontrolo angariSze `realizebuli saqonlis
TviTRirebuleba~. am mizniT daixureba am jgufis yvela angariSi:
8. d-ti _ realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba - 3700;

k-ti _ SeZenili/gayiduli saqoneli - 3700.
9. d-ti _ sasaqonlo-materialuri maragis koreqtireba - 600;

k-ti _ realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba - 600.
saangariSgebo periodis bolos, 31 dekembers, saqmianobis finansuri Sedegebis

gansazRvris mizniT, xdeba droebiTi (nominaluri) angariSebis daxurva.
10. Semosavlis angariSis daxurva:

d-ti _ Semosavali realizaciidan - 5875;
k-ti _ saangariSgebo periodis mogeba-zarali - 5875.

d-ti _ saangariSgebo periodis mogeba-zarali - 3100;
k-ti _ realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba - 3100.
12. saangariSgebo periodis mogeba-zaralis agariSis daxurva:

d-ti _ saangariSgebo periodis mogeba-zarali - 2775;
k-ti _ gaunawilebeli mogeba - 2775.
naRdi fuli salaroSi angariSi #1110

01 1 naSTi 2100 2100
01 5 saqoneli 1200 900
96
saqoneli angariSi #1610

01 1 naSTi 2400 2400
12 31 maragebis koreqtireba 600 3000
valdebulebebi mowodebidan angariSi #3110

02 15 saqoneli 1500 1500
04 20 saqoneli 1000 2500

08 20 naRdi fuli 3600 4875
realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba angariSi #7200

12 31 SeZenili/gayiduli saqoneli 3700 3700
SeZenili/gayiduli saqoneli angariSi #7210

01 5 naRdi fuli 1200 1200
12 31 real. saqonlis TviTR. 3700 0
sasaqonlo-materialuri maragis koreqtireba angariSi #7290
12 31 real. saqonlis TviTR. 600 0
97
sawesdebo kapitali angariSi #5150
01 1 naSTi 4500


12 31 gaunawilebeli mogeba 2775 0

(fragmenti)
lari lari
Semosavlebi realizaciidan 5875
realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba:
maragebis dawyebiTi naSTi 2400
SeZena (+) 3700
sul sarealizacio saqoneli 6100
maragebis naSTi periodis bolosaTvis (-) 3000
realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba (3100)
saerTo mogeba 2775
balansi
(fragmenti)
a q t i v e b i valdebulebebi da kapitali
1. fuladi saSualebebi 4500 1. 1. valdebulebebi mowodebiT 2500
2. moTxovnebi 2275 2. 2. sawesdebo kapitali 4500
3. maragebi 3000 3. gaunawilebeli mogeba 2775
sul aqtivebi 9775 sul kapit. da valdebul. 9775

98
sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis aRricxvis meTodebi
operacia uwyveti meTodi perioduli meTodi

SeZena TiToeuli poziciis mixedviT calke sasaqonlo-materialuri
angariSi iwarmoeba. sasaqonlo- faseulobebis SeZena aisaxeba
materialuri faseulobebis calkeuli `maragebis SeZenis~ angariSis
jgufebisaTvis sakontrolo angariSi debetSi
gamoiyeneba. maragebis SeZena aisaxeba am
angariSebis debetSi
xarjva sawarmoo sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis sasaqonlo materialuri maragebis

warmoebaze gadacemisas dakreditdeba angariSebze yoveldRiuri
saWiroebisaTvis,
faseulobebis Sesabamisi poziciis gatarebebi ar xorcieldeba
gacema,
angariSi, gadacemuli maragebis TanxiT.
realizacia imave TanxiT dakreditdeba maragebis
sakontrolo angariSi da dadebetdeba
`realizebuli produqciis
TviTRirebulebis~ angariSi; an
masalebis xarjva SeiZleba aisaxos
`daumTavrebeli warmoebis~ angariSze,
debetSi.
buRaltruli realizebuli produqciis xdeba sasaqonlo-materialuri

TviTRirebuleba avtomaturad faseulobebis naSTebis
Canawerebi
ganisazRvreba, sasaqonlo-materialuri gaangariSeba periodis bolosaTvis
saaRricxvo
faseulobebis Sesabamis angariSebze naturalur sazom erTeulebSi da
periodis bolos warmoebuli CanawerebiT. Sedarebisa da maTi Rirebulebis Sefaseba
auditis mizniT SeiZleba moxdes sawarmos mier SerCeuli meTodiT.
maragebis inventarizacia. periodis sawyis da saboloo naSTebs Soris
bolos uwyveti aRricxvisa da sxvaobis TanxiT moxdeba
inventarizaciis monacemebs Soris maragebisa da realizebuli
gansxvavebis SemTxvevaSi, aRricxvis produqciis (saqonlis) amsaxveli
monacemebi koreqtirdeba faqtiur angariSebis koreqtireba. Sedegad,
monacemebamde. koreqtirebisas naSTebs Soris sxvaobis
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis gamoyenebiT gaiangariSeba
angariSebi debetdeba an kreditdeba periodis ganmavlobaSi
sxvaobis TanxiT da Sesabamisad, realizebuli produqciis
debetdeba an kreditdeba maragebis TviTRirebuleba.
koreqtirebis angariSi. finansuri
angariSgebis momzadebisas
makoreqtirebeli angariSi daixureba
`realizebuli produqciis
TviTRirebulebi~-s angariSiT.
99
gadafaseba
marTalia, TviTRirebuleba sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis

Sefasebis bazad iTvleba, magram im SemTxvevaSi, roca igi sabazro Rirebulebaze
maRalia, maTi Sefasebisas neto sarealizacio Rirebuleba gamoiyeneba.
neto (wminda) sarealizacio Rirebuleba aris Cveulebrivi sameurneo proce-

sisaTvis SefasebiTi gasayidi fasi, produqciis dasrulebisa da gayidvisaTvis sa-
Wiro SefasebiTi danaxarjebis gamoklebiT (bass - 2). Cveulebrivi sameurneo
saqmianobis pirobebSi, igi tolia mosalodnel gasayid fass minus realizaciis
organizebisaTvis saWiro mosalodneli xarjebi.
ori Sefasebidan umciresis gamoyeneba windaxedulobis principiTaa
ganpirobebuli, ramdenadac sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis aRdgeniTi
Rirebulebis Semcireba umetes SemTxvevaSi sarealizacio fasebis dacemis
mauwyeblad iTvleba an mis faqtiur Semcirebas asaxavs.
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis dazianebis, maTi gasayidi fasebis
dacemis, nawilobriv an srulad moZvelebis SemTxvevaSi, SeuZlebelia ra maTi
Rirebulebis kompensacia, saWiro xdeba am faseulobaTa TviTRirebulebis
Camowera neto sarealizacio Rirebulebamde, raTa aqtivis Rirebuleba ar
aRematebodes mis mier motanil sargebels.
bass-iT sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis neto sarealizacio
Rirebulebamde Camowera xdeba muxlobrivad. Tumca, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, ufro
mizanSewonilia msgavsi an erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli muxlebis dajgufeba.
muxlebis dajgufeba xdeba im SemTxvevSi, roca sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulo-
bebi produqciis erTsa da imave asortiments miekuTvneba da erTnairi daniSnule-
ba aqvT. mizanSewonili ar aris mza produqciis jgufurad Camowera neto sarea-
lizacio Rirebulebamde.
momsaxurebis sferos sawarmoebi, Cveulebriv, danaxarjebs calke asaxaven
momsaxurebis iseTi saxeebis mixedviT, romlebisTvisac erTnairi gasayidi fasia
dadgenili. amitom momsaxurebis TiToeuli saxe ganixileba, rogorc calke aRe-
buli, damoukidebeli elementi.
bass-iT neto sarealizacio Rirebulebis gaangariSebis meTodi eyrdnoba

sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis mosalodneli sarealizacio Tanxis Sesa-
xeb xelmisawvdomi da yvelaze saimedo monacemebis gamoyenebas.
nedleuli da sxva masalebi, romlebic gankuTvnilia sasaqonlo-materialu-

ri faseulobebis sawarmoeblad, ar SeiZleba Camofasdes TviTRirebulebaze da-
100
bla, Tu mosalodnelia, rom maTi monawileobiT warmoebuli mza produqcia gai-
yideba TviTRirebulebis Sesabamis an TviTRirebulebaze maRal fasSi.
neto sarealizacio Rirebuleba, yovel momdevno saangariSgebo periodSi

xelaxla gaiangariSeba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ar arsebobs garemoebebi, romlebmac
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis TviTRirebulebaze dabali TanxiT
Tavdapirveli Camowera ganapirobes, unda moxdes Camowerili Tanxis kompensacia.
e. i. kompensireba SezRudulia Tavdapirvelad Camowerili TanxiT. sasaqonlo-
materialuri faseulobebis axal sabalanso Rirebulebad TviTRirebulebasa da
neto sarealizacio Rirebulebas Soris umciresi aiReba. es maSin xdeba, rodesac
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi, romlebic wina periodSi maTi gasayidi
fasis dacemis gamo neto sarealizacio RirebulebiT iyo aRricxuli, sawarmoSi
momdevno saangariSgebo periodSic maragad imyofeba, roca maTi gasayidi fasi
ukve gazrdilia.
magaliTi:
maragebis Sefaseba umciresi TanxiT:

sawarmos 2012 wlis 31 dekembers maragis saxiT sami tipis saqoneli gaaCnia.
maragad myof zogierT saqonelze moTxovna daeca da Sesabamisad, misi
realizacia gaZnelebulia.
finansuri angariSgebis miznebisaTvis unda ganisazRvros maragebis naSTi.
Sefaseba SeiZleba moxdes: sagnebis mixedviT; ZiriTadi jgufebis mixedviT da
saerTo raodenobis mixedviT.
maragebis Sefaseba sagnebis mixedviT:
maragebi jgufi sabalanso neto-sareal. umciresi

Rirebuleba Rirebuleba Tanxa
1 I 3000 3000 3000
2 I 4000 3000 3000
3 I 5000 3000 3000
4 I 8000 3000 3000
12000
5 II 4500 4000 4000

6 II 7000 4000 4000
7 II 6000 4000 4000
8 II 3000 4000 3000
101
15000
9 III 6000 9000 6000

10 III 6500 9000 6500
11 III 5000 9000 5000
12 III 7000 9000 7000
24500
sul sagnebis mixedviT 51500
maragebis Sefaseba maTi jgufebis mixedviT:

Rirebuleba Rirebuleba Tanxa
1 I 3000 3000
2 I 4000 3000
3 I 5000 3000
4 I 8000 3000
20000 12000 12000
5 II 4500 4000
6 II 7000 4000
7 II 6000 4000
8 II 3000 4000
20500 16000 16000
9 III 6000 9000

10 III 6500 9000
11 III 5000 9000
12 III 7000 9000
24500 36000 24500
sul jgufebis mixedviT 52500

102
maragebis Sefaseba saerTo raodenobis mixedviT
Rirebuleba Rirebuleba ricxvi
1 I 3000 3000
2 I 4000 3000
3 I 5000 3000
4 I 8000 3000
5 II 4500 4000
6 II 7000 4000
7 II 6000 4000
8 II 3000 4000
9 III 6000 9000

10 III 6500 9000
11 III 5000 9000
12 III 7000 9000
65000 64000 64000
sul sagnebis mixedviT 64000
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis gadafasebis Sedegebi saangariSgebo

periodis mogebisa da zaralis angariSze aisaxeba.
zemoT ganxilul magaliTSi gadafasebis Sedegi zaralad aRiardeba da
aisaxeba buRaltruli gatarebiT:
d-ti - saangariSgebo periodis mogeba/zarali;
k-ti - saqoneli.
maragebis sagnebis mixedviT gadafasebisas zaralma Seadgina 13500 lari
(51500-65000), jgufebis mixedviT gadafasebisas 12500 lari (52500-65000), xolo
saerTo raodenobis mixedviT gadafasebisas - 1000 lari (64000-65000).
103
Tavi IV. ZiriTadi saSualebebis
aRricxva
4.1 . ZiriTadi saSualebebi, maTi aRiareba,
klasifikacia da aRricxvis amocanebi
ZiriTadi saSualebebi sawarmos mflobelobaSi arsebuli grZelvadiani

materialuri aqtivebia, romlebic gamoiyeneba saqonlis an momsaxurebis
warmoebaSi an misawodeblad, ijariT gasacemad an administraciuli miznebisaTvis
da gaTvaliswinebulia erT saangariSgebo periodze meti xniT gamosayeneblad.
erT saangariSgebo periods sruli 12 Tve warmoadgens.
ZiriTad saSualebebs, rogorc grZelvadian materialur aqtivebs, fizikuri,
naturaluri forma gaaCniaT. maT miekuTvneba: miwa, Senobebi, nagebobebi, manqana-
danadgarebi, satransporto saSualebebi da sxva.
ZiriTadi saSualebebi sawarmos aqtivebis mniSvnelovani nawilia, amitom

maTze gaweuli danaxarjebis aRiarebam da aRricxvam SeiZleba mniSvnelovani
gavlena moaxdinos sawarmos saqmianobis Sedegebze. aqedan gamomdinare, ZiriTadi
saSualebebis asaxvas sawarmos finansur angariSgebaSi didi mniSvneloba aqvs
sawarmos finansuri mdgomareobis daxasiaTebisaTvis.
saerTaSoriso standartebiT, ZiriTadi saSualebebis aRricxva
regulirdeba bass 16-iT `ZiriTadi saSualebebi~. bass 16 - `ZiriTadi
saSualebebi~ gamoiyeneba ZiriTadi saSualebebis aRricxvisas yovelTvis, garda im
SemTxvevebisa, rodesac buRaltruli aRricxvis romelime sxva saerTaSoriso
standarti moiTxovs an uSvebs buRaltruli aRricxvis gansxvavebul midgomas.
bass-16 ar gamoiyeneba gasayidad gamiznulad klasificirebuli ZiriTadi
saSualebebisaTvis, sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebasTan dakavSirebuli biologiuri
aqtivebisaTvis, mineraluri resursebis maragis Ziebisa da Sefasebis aqtivebis
aRiarebisaTvis, navTobis, bunebrivi gazis da amgvari arakvlavwarmoebadi
resursebis mopoveba-gadamuSavebis SemTxvevaSi.
zogjer ZiriTadi saSualebebis Tavdapirveli aRiareba bass 16-sagan

gansxvavebuli wesiT xdeba da konkretuli SemTxvevebi Sesabamisi standartiT
regulirdeba. magaliTad, aseTebia: fass 5, fass 6, bass 17, bass 20, bass 23, bass
29, bass 37 bass 40, bass 41. am drosac, sawarmo valdebulia daicvas bass 16-is
moTxovnebi, garda im moTxovnebisa, romlebic ZiriTadi saSualebebis
Rirebulebis Tavdapirveli aRiarebis Semdgom Sefasebas exeba.
104
bass-is mixedviT, ZiriTadi saSualebebis Rirebuleba unda aRiardes
aqtivad, Tu mosalodnelia, rom sawarmo momavalSi am aqtivis gamoyenebiT miiRebs
ekonomikur sargebels da SesaZlebelia misi Rirebulebis saimedod Sefaseba.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis romelime obieqtis aqtivad aRiarebisaTvis sawarmom

unda Seafasos momavali ekonomikuri sargeblis miRebis saimedoobis xarisxi
Tavdapirveli informaciis safuZvelze. imis gamo, rom bass 16 ar adgens
aRiarebis sazom erTeuls, e. i. ras moicavs ZiriTadi saSualebis erTeuli, igi
sawarmom konkretuli viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda gansazRvros. magaliTad,
saTadarigo da damxmare nawilebi ZiriTadad, aRiricxeba rogorc sasaqonlo-
materialuri faseulobebi da maTi moxmarebisas aRiareba xdeba saangariSgebo
periodis mogebaSi an zaralSi. Tu sawarmo saTadarigo da damxmare nawilebis
gamoyenebas apirebs erTze meti saaRricxvo periodis ganmavlobaSi, isini ZiriTad
saSualebebad klasificirdeba. bass-iT Tu saTadarigo da damxmare nawilebi
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes mxolod ZiriTadi saSualebebis romelime konkretul
erTeulTan erTad, isini ZiriTad saSualebebad unda aRiricxos.
sawarmo yvela ZiriTad saSualebas afasebs aRiarebis aRniSnuli principis
mixedviT, romeli TariRiTac isini iqna SeZenili. es Rirebuleba moicavs ZiriTa-
di saSualebis Tavdapirveli SeZenis an Seqmnis dros gaweul danaxarjebs da
SemdgomSi, nawilebis Secvlis an misi momsaxurebisTvis damatebiT gaweul
danaxarjebs.
aRiarebis principis mixedviT, sawarmo ar aRiarebs ZiriTadi saSualebis

sabalanso RirebulebaSi misi yoveldRiuri momsaxurebis iseT danaxarjebs,
rogoricaa: SromiTi da sxva resursebis danaxarjebi, mcirefasiani nawilebis
Rirebuleba. isini aRiardeba saangariSgebo periodis mogebaSi an zaralSi. isini
xSirad aisaxeba, rogorc ZiriTadi saSualebebis `remonti da momsaxureba~.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis zogierTi calkeuli erTeulis mTavari detalebi

SesaZloa moiTxovdes regularul Secvlas. bass-is aRiarebis principis
Sesabamisad, sawarmo aRiarebs ZiriTadi saSualebis sabalanso RirebulebaSi
Semcvleli nawilebis Rirebulebas, Tu igi akmayofilebs aRiarebis kriteriumebs.
magaliTad, Rumeli SeiZleba saWiroebdes regulirebas gansazRvruli namuSevari
saaTebis Semdeg an TviTmfrinavis interieri SeiZleba mravaljer Seicvalos, misi
momsaxurebis vadis ganmavlobaSi. aseve, ZiriTadi saSualebis erTeulis
(magaliTad, TviTmfrinavi) uwyveti gamoyenebis piroba moiTxovs periodul
srulmasStabian Semowmebebs defeqtebis gamosaaSkaraveblad, miuxedavad imisa, am
erTeulis nawilebi Seicvleba Tu ara. aseTi srulmasStabiani Semowmebebis
Catarebisas, misi Rirebuleba aisaxeba ZiriTadi saSualebis erTeulis sabalanso
RirebulebaSi, rogorc Semcvleli, Tu akmayofilebs aRiarebis kriteriumebs.
105
ZiriTadi saSualebebi Semadgenlobis mixedviT iyofa or nawilad. maTi erTi
nawili ufro aqtiur rols asrulebs warmoebis procesSi. aseTebia: manqana-
danadgarebi da sawarmoo mowyobilobebi, romelzec mniSvnelovnadaa
damokidebuli produqciis gamoSvebis moculoba da xarisxi, ramdenadac
srulyofili da maRali warmadobis mqone sawarmoo mowyobilobebi
uzrunvelyofen produqciis ukeTes xarisxsa da warmoebis umokles vadebs.
cxadia, aseTi roli ver daekisreba ZiriTadi saSualebebis meore nawils _
Senobebs, nagebobebs, inventars da a.S. amitom ZiriTadi saSualebebis Seswavlisas
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmos maT struqturas, Tu ra xvedriTi wili
modis ZiriTadi saSualebebis aqtiur nawilze, rogori proporciiT izrdeba igi.
ZiriTad saSualebebze ama Tu im sagnis mikuTvneba misi fizikuri TvisebebiT ki
ar ganisazRvreba, aramed misi funqcionaluri daniSnulebiT warmoebis procesSi.
Sromis saSualeba, Tavisi fizikuri Tvisebebis mixedviT, erT sawarmoSi SeiZleba
iyos ZiriTadi saSualeba, meoreSi _ Sromis sagani (masala) da mesameSi _ mza
produqcia. magaliTad, relsi metalurgiuli qarxnisaTvis mza produqciaa,
saamSeneblo-saremonto sawarmosaTvis masala, xolo rkinigzis
departamentisaTvis _ ZiriTadi saSualeba.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis swori aRricxvisa da maTze kontrolis
ganxorcielebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs maTs klasifikacias. ZiriTadi
saSualebebis klasifikacia SeiZleba moxdes:
gamoyenebis sferoebis mixedviT;
dargobrivi niSniT;
nivTobriv-naturaluri niSniT.
gamoyenebis sferoebis mixedviT ZiriTadi saSualebebi iyofa: sawarmoo

daniSnulebis ZiriTad saSualebebad da arasawarmoo daniSnulebis ZiriTad
saSualebebad.
sawarmoo daniSnulebis ZiriTadi saSualebebia Sromis iaraRebi, romlebic
uSualod monawileoben warmoebis procesSi (manqanebi, mowyobilobebi,
instrumentebi da sxva) da Sromis is saSualebebi, romlebic xels uwyoben
warmoebis procesis ganxorcielebas (Senobebi, nagebobani, gzebi, satransporto
saSualebebi da sxva).
arasawarmoo daniSnulebis ZiriTad saSualebebs miekuTvneba Senobebi,
nagebobani da xangrZlivi moxmarebis iseTi sagnebi, romlebic emsaxurebian
mosaxleobas da arasawarmoo daniSnulebis dawesebulebebsa da organizaciebs.
isini warmoebis procesSi ar monawileoben, magram kvlavwarmoebis aucilebel
pirobas warmoadgenen.
106
dargobrivi niSnis mixedviT ZiriTad saSualebebs yofen mrewvelobis,

soflis meurneobis, mSeneblobis, satyeo meurneobis, kavSirgabmulobis, vaWrobis
da a.S. ZiriTad saSualebebad.
nivTobriv-naturaluri niSnis mixedviT ZiriTadi saSualebebis dajgufebas

didi mniSvneloba aqvs maTi aRricxvis swori organizaciisaTvis. bass-i ZiriTadi
saSualebebis TiToeul jgufSi aerTianebs msgavsi bunebisa da ekonomikuri
daniSnulebis aqtivebs da ZiriTad saSualebebs ajgufebs Semdeg ZiriTad
jgufebad:
miwebi;
miwa da Senoba-nagebobebi;
manqana-danadgarebi;
gemebi;
TviTmfrinavebi;
satransporto saSualebebi;
aveji da mowyobilobebi;
saofise aRWurviloba.
sakuTrebis formebis mixedviT ZiriTad saSualebebs ajgufeben sakuTar da

ijariT aRebul ZiriTad saSualebebad.
gamoyenebis mixedviT gamoyofen moqmed da umoqmedo ZiriTad saSualebebs.

rac Seexeba ZiriTadi saSualebebis dajgufebas sagadasaxado
miznebisaTvis, imis gamo, rom ZiriTadi saSualebebi amortizacias
daqvemdebarebuli aqtivebia, gadasaxadis gaangariSebis miznebidan gamomdinare,
isini iyofa xuT jgufad, amortizaciis normebis mixedviT, romelic
gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsis 183-e muxliT.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis aRricxvis mTavar sakiTxs warmoadgens aqtivis

aRiarebis momentisa da maTi sabalanso Rirebulebis gansazRvra, agreTve,
ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTisa da amortizaciis Tanxebis danaxarjebad aRiareba.
imis gamo, rom finansuri informaciis momxmareblebi sawarmoebis ZiriTadi

saSualebebis arsebobisa da moZraobis Sesaxeb informacias buRaltruli
aRricxvidan iReben, buRaltrulma aRricxvam unda uzrunvelyos:
ZiriTadi saSualebebis arsebobisa da moZraobis swori, drouli

dokumenturi gaformeba da asaxva buRaltrul registrebSi;
107
kontroli yvela ZiriTadi saSualebebis (m.S. dakonservebuli da
maragad myofi) Senaxvaze;
kontroli SerCeuli meTodiT amortizaciis sworad aRricxvaze
ZiriTadi saSualebebis sasargeblo gamoyenebis mTeli periodis
ganmavlobaSi;
kontroli ZiriTadi saSualebebis gayidvisa da sxva gasvlebis
Sedegebis sworad asaxvaze;
kontroli ZiriTadi saSualebebis aRsadgenad gaweuli faqtiuri
danaxarjebis buRaltrul registrebSi srulad asaxvaze;
kontroli ZiriTadi saSualebebis inventarizaciis Sedegebis aRricxvaSi
obieqturad asaxvaze;
kontroli ZiriTadi saSualebebis permanentuli gadafasebis sworad
ganxorcielebasa da aRdgeniTi (gadafasebuli) Rirebulebis
gaangariSebaze;
kontroli ZiriTad saSualebebTan dakavSirebuli gadasaxadebis
gaangariSebis sisworeze, droulobasa da aRricxvaze;
finansur angariSgebaSi ZiriTadi saSualebebis Sesaxeb arsebuli
informaciis obieqturoba.
am amocanis gadasawyvetad, pasuxi unda gaeces Semdeg kiTxvebs:
rogor ganisazRvros moqmedi pirvandeli an gadafasebuli (aRdgeniTi)

Rirebuleba?
rogor ganisazRvros da aRiardes xarjad (Camoiweros xarjebSi)
ZiriTadi saSualebebis Rirebulebis nawili?
rogor aRiricxos ZiriTadi saSualebebis remontTan, teqnikur
momsaxurebasTan, eqspluataciasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi?
rogor aisaxos aRricxvaSi ZiriTadi saSualebebis gasvlasTan
(likvidaciasTan) dakavSirebuli operaciebi?
ZiriTadi saSualebebis aRsaricxavad angariSTa gegmaSi Sesabamisi

angariSebia gaTvaliswinebuli. ZiriTadi saSualebebis amsaxveli angariSebi
gankuTvnilia sawarmos kuTvnili, eqspluataciaSi myofi, dakonservebuli da
ijariT gacemuli ZiriTadi saSualebebis aRsaricxavad (garda grZelvadiani
ijariT gacemuli ZiriTadi saSualebebisa). rac Seexeba ijariT aRebul ZiriTad
saSualebebs, igi ijaris saxeobidan gamomdinare, aisaxeba Sesabamis angariSebze _
grZelvadiani ijaris dros _ `grZelvadiani ijariT aRebuli ZiriTadi
108
saSualebebi~, xolo moklevadiani ijarisas - balansgareSe angariSze ìjariT
aRebuli ZiriTadi saSualebebi~.
amJamad moqmedi angariSTa gegmiT, ZiriTadi saSualebebis aRsaricxavad
gaTvaliswinebulia grZelvadiani aqtivebis jgufi 2100 `ZiriTadi saSualebebi~,
kerZod, angariSebi:
2110 miwis nakveTebi;
2120 _ daumTavrebeli mSenebloba;
2130 _ Senobebi;
2140 _ nagebobebi;
2150 _ manqana-danadgarebi;
2160 _ ofisis aRWurviloba;
2170 _ aveji da sxva inventari;
2180 _ satransporto saSualebebi;
2190 _ ijariT aRebuli qonebis keTilmowyoba.
xolo ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTisa da amortizaciis aRsaricxavad

gaTvaliswinebulia jgufi 2200 `ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTa~, kerZod,
angariSebi:
2230 _ Senobebis cveTa;
2240 _ nagebobebis cveTa;
2250 _ manqana-danadgarebis cveTa;
2260 _ ofisis aRWurvilobis cveTa;
2270 _ avejisa da sxva inventaris cveTa;
2280 _ satransporto saSualebebis cveTa;
2290 _ ijariT aRebuli qonebis keTilmowyobis cveTa.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis amsaxveli yvela angariSi aqtiuri, inventaruli,

sabalanso angariSia, romlis debetSi miRebuli, xolo kreditSi gasuli
ZiriTadi saSualebebis pirvandeli (istoriuli) Rirebuleba aisaxeba. ZiriTadi
saSualebebis dagrovili cveTis amsaxveli angariSebi kontraluri
(kontraqtiuri), maregulirebeli angariSebia. am angariSebis kreditSi ZiriTadi
saSualebebis dagrovili cveTa, misi zrda, xolo debetSi cveTis Camowera, misi
Semcireba aisaxeba.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis TiToeul saxes, romelic damoukidebel erTeuls
warmoadgens, inventaruli obieqti ewodeba.
109
4.2. ZiriTadi saSualebebis
Sefaseba
ZiriTadi saSualebebis aRricxvisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda

mieqces maT Sefasebas. ZiriTadi saSualebebis funqcionirebis Tavisebureba,
romelic warmoebis procesSi mis xangrZliv gamoyenebasTan da naturalur-
nivTobrivi formis SenarCunebasTan erTad, Rirebulebis imavdroul
cvlilebasTanaa dakavSirebuli, ganapirobebs ZiriTadi saSualebebis ramdenime
Sefasebis gamoyenebas.
ganasxvaveben ZiriTadi saSualebebis pirvandel (istoriul) Rirebulebas
anu TviTRirebulebas, sabalanso Rirebulebas da gadafasebul Rirebulebas.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis aRricxvisas gamoiyeneba agreTve, diskontirebuli
Rirebuleba.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis erTeuli, romelic akmayofilebs aqtivis aRiarebis
kriteriumebs, unda Sefasdes misi TviTRirebulebiT. aqtivis TviTRirebuleba
aris misi SeZenis an Seqmnis dros gadaxdili fulis an fulis eqvivalentebis, an
sxva saxis sazRauris realuri Rirebulebis Tanxa, an sadac Sesaferisia, aseT
aqtivTan dakavSirebuli Tanxa, rodesac Tavdapirveli aRiareba xdeba sxva fass-
is gansakuTrebuli moTxovnebis Sesabamisad (bass 16).
ZiriTadi saSualebebis TviTRirebuleba moicavs:
misi Sesyidvis fass;
aqtivis daniSnulebis adgilamde mitanasTan da samuSao mdgomareobaSi moyva-
nasTan pirdapir dakavSirebul nebismier daxarjs;
aqtivis demontaJis, likvidaciisa da adgilmdebareobis aRdgenis daxarjebis
Tavdapirvel Sefasebas, ris valdebulebasac sawarmo iRebs SeZenis momentSi
an, SemdegSi, rodesac garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi sawarmo iyenebs aqtivs
sasaqonlo_materialuri faseulobebis warmoebisagan gansxvavebuli saqmiano-
bisaTvis.
Sesyidvis fasi moicavs saimporto baJs, yidvisas gadaxdil daubrunebel
gadasaxadebs, yovelgvari savaWro fasdaTmobebisa da SeRavaTebis gamoklebiT.
fasdaTmobebi, agreTve, dabrunebadi gadasaxadebi (magaliTad, damatebuli
Rirebulebis gadasaxadi), ZiriTadi saSualebebis TviTRirebulebaSi ar Seitaneba.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis samuSao mdgomareobaSi moyvanasTan dakavSirebul
pirdapir danaxarjebs miekuTvneba:
aqtivis momavali adgilmdebareobis momzadebis xarjebi;
transportirebis xarjebi;
110
mowyobilobebis dadgmisa da damontaJebis xarjebi;
daqiravebiT momuSaveTa Sromis anazRaurebis xarjebi, romlebic dakavebulni
arian obieqtis SeZenisas an agebisas;
profesiuli momsaxurebis danaxarjebi.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis TviTRirebuleba ar moicavs:
axali simZlavreebis aTvisebis danaxarjebs;
axali produqciisa da momsaxurebis aTvisebis danaxarjebs;
axal adgilze an momxmarebelTa axal klasTan biznesis warmoebis

danaxarjebs;
administraciul da sxva saerTo zednadeb danaxarjebs.
ZiriTadi saSualebis sabalanso RirebulebaSi danaxarjebis aRiareba

wydeba, rodesac igi mitanilia daniSnulebis adgilze da moyvanilia gamosayeneb-
lad aucilebel samuSao mdgomareobaSi. amitom aqtivis gamoyenebasTan an xela-
xal gadaadgilebasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebi mis sabalanso RirebulebaSi
ar Seitaneba. magaliTad, ZiriTadi saSualebis sabalanso RirebulebaSi ar Seva
Semdegi xarjebi:
danaxarjebi, romlebic gaweulia maSin, rodesac aqtivs ukve SeuZlia muSaoba,

magram jer ar aris gaSvebuli eqspluataciaSi, an funqcionirebs srulze nak-
lebi datvirTviT;
Tavdapirveli sawarmoo danakargebi, rogoricaa danaxarjebi, romlebsac adgi-

li aqvs manam, sanam ZiriTadi saSualebis produqciaze moTxovnileba izrdeba.
sawarmos operaciebis mTliani an nawilobrivi reorganizaciis an adgilmdeba-

reobis Secvlis danaxarjebi.
aqtivis sabalanso RirebulebaSi SeiZleba Setanil iqnes sesxiT

sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli saprocento xarjebi, Tu sesxis aReba xdeba
romelime konkretuli gansakuTrebuli aqtivis SesaZenad, sawarmoeblad an
asaSeneblad (bass-23 `sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli daxarjebi~).
sawarmos mier Seqmnili (damzadebuli, agebuli) aqtivis Rirebulebis
gansazRvra SeZenili aqtivis analogiurad xdeba. sawarmom mis mier Seqmnili aq-
tivis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, aqtivis RirebulebaSi ar unda aRricxos
mosalodneli Sida mogebis Tanxa. aseve, am aqtivis sabalanso RirebulebaSi ar
111
Seitaneba nedleulisa da masalebis, SromiTi da sxva resursebis zenormatiuli
danaxarjebi.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis eqspluataciasTan dakavSirebulma xarjebma maTi

Rirebuleba SeiZleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi gazardon, Tu isini zrdian am
aqtivis potenciur SesaZleblobebs, aumjobeseben maTi muSaobis xarisxs an
axangrZliveben sasargeblo gamoyenebis periods. magaliTad, aumjobeseben
teqnikur parametrebs an amaRleben maTi gamoyenebis efeqturobas. winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi, amgvari xarjebi ganixileba da aisaxeba, rogorc mimdinare periodis
danaxarjebi anu teqnikuri momsaxurebisa da remontis xarjebi, rac imiT aixsneba,
rom teqnikuri momsaxureba da remonti aRadgens, magram ar zrdis obieqtis
Tavdapirvelad gansazRvrul normatiul maCveneblebs. e. i. ZiriTadi saSualebebis
SeZenis Semdeg, mxolod maTi eqspluataciis efeqturobis amaRlebis mizniT
gaweuli xarjebis kapitalizacia xdeba. cxadia, kapitalizacias ar
daeqvemdebareba ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZenasTan dakavSirebuli yvela xarji.
magaliTad, SeZenil mowyobilobebze momuSave personalis swavlebisa da
kvalifikaciis amaRlebis xarjebi, radganac igi gamoiwvevs ara TviT
mowyobilobebis, aramed sawarmos personalis muSaobis efeqturobis amaRlebas.
aseve, ar xdeba ZiriTadi saSualebebis sasargeblo gamoyenebis vadis gasvlisas
maTi demontaJis xarjebis, agreTve, qonebis yovelwliuri gadasaxadebis,
dazRvevis xarjebis kapitalizacia. isini Sesabamisi periodis mimdinare xarjebs
miekuTvnebian.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, ZiriTadi saSualebebis TviTRirebulebis anu
pirvandeli (istoriul) Rirebulebis komponentebia:
Sesyidvis fasi;
saimporto baJi;
transportirebis xarjebi;
aqtivis adgilze mitanisa da datvirTva-gadmotvirTvis xarjebi;
montaJisa da muSa mdgomareobaSi moyvanis xarjebi;
profesiuli momsaxurebis xarjebi;
aqtivis momavali adgilmdebareobis momzadebis xarji;
rac Seexeba ijariT aRebuli ZiriTadi saSualebebis Sefasebas, misi

aucilebloba mxolod finansuri ijaris (lizingis) SemTxvevaSi warmoiqmneba.
aqtivis sabalanso Rirebuleba finansuri ijaris (lizingis) dros bass 17-is
ìjara~ normebiT ganisazRvreba.
ZiriTadi saSualebebi eqspluataciaSi yofnisas cvTebian. buRaltrul
aRricxvaSi yovelwliurad aisaxeba da maSasadame, wlebis ganmavlobaSi grovdeba
112
ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTis Tanxa. pirvandeli (istoriuli) Rirebulebidan
dagrovili cveTis gamoklebiT miRebul Tanxas narCeni Rirebuleba ewodeba.
balansSi ZiriTadi saSualebebi, aqtivad Tavdapirveli aRiarebis Semdeg,
aisaxeba sabalanso RirebulebiT.
bass-is mixedviT, sabalanso Rirebuleba is Tanxaa, romliTac aqtivi aRia-
rebulia dagrovili cveTisa da dagrovili gaufasurebis zaralis Tanxebis ga-
moklebis Semdeg.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis pirvandeli (istoriuli) Rirebuleba droTa
ganmavlobaSi cvlilebas ganicdis. jer erTi, icvleba sabazro fasebi, teqnikuri
aRWurvilobis done, Sromis organizacia da sxva. rac sxvadasxva dros Seqmnili
erTi da igive obieqtis gansxvavebul Rirebulebas iZleva. meore, ZiriTadi
saSualebebis sabalanso Rirebuleba, mimdinare sabazro fasebidan gamomdinare,
ar Seesabameba mis realur Rirebulebas. amitom, periodulad saWiroa ZiriTadi
saSualebebis gadafaseba, gadafasebis momentisaTvis arsebuli sabazro fasebiT.
gadafasebiT miRebul axal Sefasebas gadafasebuli Rirebuleba anu aRdgeniTi
Rirebuleba ewodeba. bass 16-is mixedviT, aqtivad aRiarebis Semdeg, ZiriTadi
saSualebebis erTeuli, romlis realuri Rirebulebis gansazRvra SesaZ-
lebelia saimedod, unda aisaxos gadafasebuli TanxiT, romelic gadafase-
bis momentisaTvis arsebuli aqtivis realuri Rirebulebis tolia, dagro-
vili cveTisa da dagrovili gaufasurebis zaralis Tanxebis gamoklebiT.
gadafasebuli ZiriTadi saSualebebi balansSi gadafasebuli sabalanso
RirebulebiT aisaxeba, rac aqtivis pirvandeli Rirebulebis sabazro
Rirebulebamde dayvanis aucileblobiTaa gamowveuli.
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4.3. ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZenis
aRricxva
sawarmoebis ZiriTadi saSualebebiT aRWurva, Sevseba, rekonstruqcia,

modernizacia, sawarmos gafarToeba kapitaluri dabandebebis gziT xdeba.
kapitaluri dabandeba ZiriTadi saSualebebis Seqmnasa da rekonstruqciaze
gaweuli danaxarjebis jamia, romelic dafinansebis Sesabamisi wyaroebis xarjze
xdeba.
sawarmoSi ZiriTadi saSualebebis miReba, ra gziTac ar unda moxdes igi,
formdeba miReba-Cabarebis aqtiT, romelsac adgens am miznebisaTvis sawarmos
xelmZRvanelobis mier Seqmnili komisia. miReba-Cabarebis aqti formdeba erT
calad, xels awers komisiis yvela wevri da ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZenasa da
samuSao mdgomareobaSi moyvanasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis damadasturebel
dokumentaciasTan erTad gadaecema buRalterias. sawarmoSi miRebul obieqts
miekuTvneba inventaruli nomeri da gaexsneba inventaruli baraTi, romelic
analizuri aRricxvis dokumentia. inventaruli baraTi ixsneba miReba-Cabarebis
aqtis safuZvelze. inventaruli baraTebis registracia xdeba inventaruli
baraTebis aRwerilobaSi. materialurad pasuxismgebeli pirebi avseben
inventarul sias, romelSic maTze gapirovnebuli obieqtebia Setanili.
sawarmos SigniT ZiriTadi saSualebebis adgilgadanacvleba, erTi
ganyofilebidan meoreSi gadacema da sxva, formdeba specialuri zednadebiT,
romelSic aRiniSneba Tu saidan sad gadaeca esa Tu is obieqti, misi mizezisa da
pasuxismgebeli piris miTiTebiT.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZenis, maTi Rirebulebis zrdis yvela operacia
aisaxeba ZiriTadi saSualebebis konkretuli jgufis angariSis debetSi da
Sesabamisi angariSebis, magaliTad, fuladi saSualebebis, gasanaRdebeli
Tamasuqebis da a.S. kreditSi.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZena (miReba) SeiZleba moxdes:
naRdi fuladi saSualebebis gadaxdis gziT;
kreditiT (ganvadebiT, Semdgomi gadaxdis pirobiT) SeZeniT;
aqciebze gacvliT;
sxva arafulad aqtivebze gacvliT (barteruli gacvla);
sameurneo wesiT mSeneblobisa da konstruirebis gziT;
usasyidlod, Cuqebis gziT.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZena fuladi saSualebebis gadaxdiT. naRdi

fulis gadaxdiT ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZenisas, maTi erTeulis
114
TviTRirebuleba ganisazRvreba aRiarebis dRisaTvis Tanadrouli gadaxdisas
gadasaxdeli fasis ekvivalentiT, anu faqtiuri danaxarjis meTodiT. igi
gulisxmobs ZiriTadi saSualebebis TviTRirebulebis gansazRvras am
saSualebebis SeZenasa da maTi saeqspluataciod momzadebaze gaweuli faqtiuri
fuladi danaxarjebiT. e. i. ZiriTadi saSualebebis Sefasebas faqtiuri
TviTRirebulebiT anu pirvandeli (istoriuli) RirebulebiT.
maSasadame, ZiriTadi saSualebebis RirebulebaSi Seitaneba maT motanasTan,
damontaJebasa da eqspluataciaSi gaSvebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela aucilebeli
danaxarji. magaliTad, montaJisa da gamocdis xarjebi Sedis ZiriTadi
saSualebis pirvandel RirebulebaSi, xolo Tu moxda montaJisas saSualebis
dazianeba, misi aRdgenis, remontis Rirebuleba Setanil unda iqnes ara ZiriTadi
saSualebebis pirvandel RirebulebaSi, aramed am saSualebebis eqspluataciasTan
dakavSirebul (mimdinare periodis) xarjebSi.
magaliTi:
ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZena naRdi fulis gadaxdiT:
sawarmom, warmoebaSi gamoyenebis mizniT, SeiZina axali danadgari da gadaixada

17700 lari (m.S. dRg - 2700 lari); danadgaris transportirebis xarjia - 1000
lari, damontaJebaze daixarja - 500 lari, danadgari damontaJebisas dazianda,
romlis gamosworebaze daixarja - 200 lari; danadgaris gamocdisas daixarja
masalebi _ 100 lari; erTi wlis sagarantio momsaxurebisaTvis sawarmom winaswar
gadaixada - 2000 lari.
d-ti - manqana-danadgarebi - 16600;
d-ti - gadaxdili d.R.g. - 2700;
k-ti - fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi - 19200;
k-ti - masalebi - 100.
rac Seexeba aRniSnuli ZiriTadi saSualebis SeZenasTan dakavSirebul sxva

danarCen xarjebs, isini aqtivis TviTRirebulebaSi ar Seitaneba da mimdinare
periodis Sesabamisi xarjebis amsaxvel angariSebze aRiricxeba. kerZod, aqtivis
damontaJebisas dazianebis gamo mis gasworebaze daxarjuli 200 lari aisaxeba
buRaltruli gatarebiT:
d-ti - remontis xarjebi - 200;
k-ti - fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi - 200.
115
xolo danadgaris sagarantio momsaxurebisaTvis winaswar gadaxdili Tanxa
gatardeba:
d-ti - winaswar gaweuli sagarantio momsaxurebis xarji 2000;
Tu ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZena importis gziT xdeba, ganbaJebisas

gadaxdili sabaJo gadasaxadisa da sabaJo mosakreblis TanxiT gaizrdeba
SeZenili aqtivis TviTRirebuleba.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeqmnasTan an modernizaciasTan dakavSirebiT

SeiZleba adgili hqondes iseT operacias, romelic saWiro ar aris aqtivis
daniSnulebis adgilas mitanisaTvis an samuSao mdgomareobaSi mosayvanad, rac
aucilebelia xelmZRvanelobis mier dasaxuli miznebisaTvis aqtivis
gamosayeneblad. aseTi operaciebi SemTxveviT operaciebs warmoadgenen da SeiZle-
ba adgili hqondes ZiriTadi saSualebebis Seqmnamde an modernizaciamde an mis
Semdeg. aseTi SemTxveviTi operaciebi aRiardeba saangariSgebo periodis mogebaSi
an zaralSi da miecema Sesabamisi klasifikacia.
magaliTi:
miwis nakveTebis SeZenis aRricxva:
sawarmom SeiZina tyiT dafaruli miwis nakveTi - 100000 larad. mas
gaTvaliswinebuli aqvs aRniSnul miwis nakveTze sastumros Senobis ageba; miwis
nakveTis registraciisaTvis sawarmom gadaixada - 2000 lari; tyis moWrasa da
amoZirkvaze daixarja - 10000 lari; teritoriis mosworebis samuSaoebze - 5000
lari; mimdebare teritoriis keTilmowyobaze - 4000 lari; moWrili tyis gayidviT
sawarmom miiRo Semosavali _ 15000 lari.
1. miwis nakveTis SeZena:

d-ti - miwis nakveTebi - 117000 (100000+17000);
k-ti - sxva xarjebi - 17000 (2000+10000+5000).
2. d-ti - keTilmowyobis xarjebi - 4000;

k-ti - fuladi saSualebebi - 4000.
3. moWrili tyis gayidva:

116
k-ti - miwis nakveTebi - 15000.
e. i. miwis nakveTis sabalanso Rirebuleba mcirdeba moWrili tyis realizaciidan

miRebuli amonagebis TanxiT (15000 lariT). aqedan gamomdinare, SeZenili miwis
nakveTis TviTRirebuleba 102000 laria (117000 - 15000).
sawarmom SeiZleba SeiZinos miwis nakveTi Senoba-nagebobebTan erTad. imis

gamo, rom miwas amortizacia ar ericxeba da buRaltrul aRricxvaSi calke
angariSze aisaxeba, aucilebelia moxdes SeZenisas gadaxdili Tanxis
proporciuli ganawileba miwis nakveTis, Senobebisa da nagebobebis Rirebulebad.
ganawilebisas gamoiyeneba TiToeuli maTganis calk-calke SeZenis SesaZlo
mimdinare sabazro Rirebuleba.
magaliTi:
miwis nakveTis nagebobebTan erTad SeZenis aRricxva:
sawarmom SeiZina miwis nakveTi Senoba-nagebobebTan erTad 800000 larad; davuSvaT,

maTi cal-calke SeZenis SemTxvevaSi, miwis nakveTi mimdinare sabazro
RirebulebiT Sefasdeboda 300000 larad, Senobebi 200000 larad, xolo
nagebobebi 500000 larad.
gaangariSeba:
sabazro xv. wona SeZenis
Rirebuleba % Rirebuleba
miwis nakveTi 300000 30 240000
Senobebi 200000 20 160000
nagebobebi 500000 50 400000
sul 1000000 100 800000
d-ti - miwis nakveTi 240000;
d-ti - Senobebi - 160000;
d-ti - nagebobebi - 400000;
k-ti - fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi 800000.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZena kreditiT. sawarmom SeiZleba ZiriTadi saSualeba

SeiZinos kreditiT (ganvadebiT, Semdgomi gadaxdis pirobiT).
bass-is mixedviT, Tu ZiriTadi saSualebebis SesaZenad aRebuli kreditis

dafarva scildeba Cveulebrivi sakredito pirobebis farglebs, maSin misi TviT-
117
Rirebuleba iqneba naRdi fuliT gadasaxdeli fasis ekvivalenturi. am Tanxasa da
mTlian gadasaxdel Tanxas Soris sxvaoba aRiarebuli iqneba, rogorc saprocen-
to xarji kreditis vadis ganmavlobaSi, Tuki ar moxda misi kapitalizacia bass
23-is, `sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis~, Sesabamisad.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis kreditiT SeZenis drosac, maTi TviTRirebuleba

faqtiuri danaxarjebis principiT ganisazRvreba.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis kreditiT SeZenisas, faqtiuri danaxarjebis

aRricxvis ori meTodi gamoiyeneba:
mTliani Rirebulebis meTodi;
wminda Rirebulebis meTodi.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis kreditiT SeZenisas myidvelsa da gamyidvels Soris

gaformebuli sakontraqto garigeba SeiZleba daTmobebsa da gadasaxdel
procentebTan dakavSirebul damatebiT pirobebs iTvaliswinebdes, rac
Sesabamisad unda aisaxos buRaltrul aRricxvaSi.
magaliTi:
ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZena moklevadiani ganvadebiT:
sawarmom SeiZina saofise teqnika 20000 larad, samTviani ganvadebiT, Semdegi

pirobiT: davalianebis erT TveSi dafarvisas valdebulebis saerTo Tanxa
Semcirdeba 5%-iT, or TveSi gadaxdisas 3%-iT.
buRaltrul aRricxvaSi ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZena aisaxeba gatarebiT:
1. mTliani Rirebulebis aRricxvis meTodiT:
d-ti - ofisis aRWurviloba _ 20000;
k-ti - valdebulebebi mowodebiT 20000.
valdebulebebis dasafaravad Tanxis gadaxdisas, Tu gadaxda moxda valdebulebis

warmoqmnidan erT TveSi, Sedgeba buRaltruli gatareba:
d-ti - valdebulebebi mowodebiT 20000;
k-ti - arasaoperacio Semosavlebi 1000.
2. wminda Rirebulebis aRricxvis meTodiT:

118
d-ti - ofisis aRWurviloba _ 20000;
k-ti - arasaoperacio Semosavlebi 1000;
k-ti - valdebulebebi mowodebiT 19000.
xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man ver isargebla miniWebuli fasdaTmobis gamoyenebis

uflebiT, fasdaTmobis TanxiT unda moxdes koreqtireba:
1. d-ti arasaoperacio Semosavali - 1000;
k-ti valdebulebebi mowodebiT - 1000;
2. d-ti valdebulebebi mowodebiT - 20000;
SesaZlebelia ZiriTadi saSualebebis kreditiT SeZenisas momwodebels

gadaeces Tamasuqi. TamasuqiT gaTvaliswinebulia saTamasuqo vadis ganmavlobaSi
valdebulebis ZiriTadi Tanxisa da saTamasuqo procentis gastumreba.
saTamasuqo procenti ar Seitaneba aqtivis RirebulebaSi, igi mimdinare periodis
xarjs warmoadgens.
magaliTi:
ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZena moklevadiani TamasuqiT:
sawarmom 1 dekembers SeiZina saofise teqnika 20000 larad, samTviani ganvadebiT

da gasca Tamasuqi, Semdegi pirobiT: Tamasuqis vada sami Tvea, ZiriTadi
valdebuleba 20000 lari; saprocento ganakveTi - wliuri 12%.
d-ti - ofisis aRWurviloba - 20000;
k-ti - moklevadiani gasanaRdebeli Tamasuqebi - 20000.
saangariSgebo periodis bolos, 31 dekembers unda moxdes saprocento xarjebis

aRiareba:
d-ti saprocento xarji - 200;
k-ti gadasaxdeli procentebi 200.

119
da a. S. yovelTviurad, saTamasuqo davalianebis gastumrebamde. saTamasuqo
davalianebis gastumrebisas Sesdgeba buRaltruli gatareba:
d-ti - moklevadiani gasanaRdebeli Tamasuqebi 20000;
d-ti - gadasaxdeli procentebi - 600;
ZiriTadi saSualebebis kreditiT SeZenisas, SeZenili aqtivis Rirebulebis

gadaxda garigebis pirobebis Sesabamisad, SeiZleba moxdes erTbaSad an nawil-
nawil. maSasadame, buRaltrul aRricxvaSi unda aisaxos valdebuleba
mosalodneli fuladi gadaxdebiT da ganisazRvros gadasaxdeli Tanxis
mimdinare Rirebuleba. amasTan, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli, rom
anuitentis mimdinare Rirebulebis gaangariSebisas diskontirebis ganakveTad
savalo valdebulebis procentis mimdinare sabazro ganakveTi aiReba.
magaliTi:
sawarmom SeiZina ZiriTadi saSualeba kreditiT da gasca Tamasuqi. saTamasuqo

valdebulebis saerTo Tanxa 20000 laria. misi 50% (10000 lari) xelSekrulebis
mixedviT, unda gadaixados ZiriTadi saSualebis miRebisTanave, xolo danarCeni
50% - xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, Tanabari odenobiT - 2000 lari yovelwliurad.
Tamasuqis gacemisas analogiuri miznebisaTvis bankebi sesxs gascemdnen wliuri
12%-iani ganakveTiT. aqtivis mimdinare Rirebuleba (PVA, i, n), sadac i - 12%, xolo
n 5 weli.
ZiriTadi saSualebis sabalanso Rirebuleba, faqtiuri danaxarjis meTodiT

17210 laria (10000 + (2000 X 3,6048).
ZiriTadi saSualebebis kreditiT SeZenis aRricxva damokidebulia

xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebul pirobebsa da maT Sesrulebaze. Tu
xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebulia fasdaTmoba vadamde gadaxdisaTvis, aqtivis
SeZena SeiZleba buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxos valdebulebis wminda
Rirebulebis aRricxvis meTodiT:
d-ti ZiriTadi saSualebebi - 17210;
k-ti gasanaRdebeli Tamasuqebi - 17210.
rac Seexeba saTamasuqo procents, igi ar Seitaneba SeZenili aqtivis

RirebulebaSi, warmoadgens ra saprocento xarjs da aRiricxeba:
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d-ti saprocento xarjebi - 2790;
k-ti gadasaxdeli procentebi - 2790;
valdebulebis mTliani Rirebulebis meTodiT aRricxvisas:
d-ti ZiriTadi saSualebebi - 17210;
d-ti saprocento xarji - 2790;
k-ti gasanaRdebeli Tamasuqebi - 20000.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis ramdenime dasaxelebis obieqtis kreditiT

(ganvadebiT) erTdroulad SeZenisas, bass-is mixedviT, ZiriTad saSualebaTa Se-
madgeneli erTeulis TviTRirebuleba ganisazRvreba fuladi ekvivalentiT aRia-
rebis dRisaTvis. Tu ZiriTadi saSualebebis SesaZenad aRebuli kreditis dafarva
scildeba Cveulebrivi sakredito pirobebis farglebs, maSin misi TviTRirebule-
ba iqneba naRdi fuliT gadasaxdeli fasis ekvivalenturi. am Tanxasa da mTlian
gadasaxdel Tanxas Soris sxvaoba aRiarebuli iqneba, rogorc saprocento xarji
kreditis vadis ganmavlobaSi (bass - 16). aseT SemTxvevaSi, SeZenili ZiriTadi
saSualebebis sabalanso Rirebuleba SeiZleba ganisazRvros kreditiT
warmoqmnili valdebulebebis mimdinare Rirebulebis proporciulad ganawilebiT
da moxdes maTi cal-calke aRricxva. es xdeba maSin, rodesac aqtivis Semadgenel
nawilebs gaaCniaT gansxvavebuli sasargeblo momsaxurebis vada da maTTan
dakavSirebuli ekonomikuri sargeblis miReba sxvadasxva dros xdeba.
magaliTi:
sawarmom kreditiT SeiZina saamqro srulad, miwis nakveTis, Senobisa da manqana-

danadgarebis CaTvliT - 200000 larad. SeZenis momentisaTvis maTi sabalanso
Rirebuleba iyo: miwis nakveTi - 53200 lari; Senoba 81200 lari; manqana-
danadgarebi - 65600 lari da gasca Tamasuqi. davuSvaT, Tamasuqis mimdinare
Rirebuleba 130000 laria.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis calkeuli jgufis sabalanso Rirebulebis

gansazRvrisaTvis gaiangariSeba maTi xvedriTi wili Tamasuqis nominalur
RirebulebaSi, romelic mravldeba Tamasuqis mimdinare Rirebulebaze:
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SeZenis xv. wili sabalanso
fasi Rirebuleba
miwis nakveTi 53200 26,6 X 130000 = 34580
Senoba 81200 40,6 X 130000 = 52780
manqana-danadg. 65600 32,8 X 130000 = 42640
sul 200000 100 130000
d-ti - miwis nakveTebi - 34580;
d-ti - manqana-danadgarebi - 42640;
k-ti - gasanaRdebeli Tamasuqebi - 130000.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis miReba sakuTar aqciebze gacvliT. sawarmom SeiZleba

ZiriTadi saSualebebi miiRos sakuTar aqciebze gacvliT (aqciebis gamoSvebiT an
gamosyiduli sakuTar aqciebze gacvliT). aseTi gacvlisas saWiroa ganisazRvros
aqciebze gasacvleli ZiriTadi saSualebebis sabalanso Rirebuleba. ZiriTadi
saSualebebis sabalanso Rirebulebis gansazRvris sami varianti gamoiyeneba:
aqciebis sabazro RirebulebiT; an
ZiriTadi saSualebebis sabazro RirebulebiT; an
ZiriTadi saSualebebis damoukidebeli Sefasebis meTodiT.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis sabalanso Rirebulebis gansazRvrisaTvis aqciebis

sabazro Rirebulebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia, Tu am aqciebis kvotireba Ria
bazarze xdeba da ZiriTad saSualebebze gasacvleli aqciebis Rirebuleba Ria
bazarze mocemuli konkretuli sawarmos kvotirebuli aqciebis Rirebulebis
SedarebiT mcire nawils warmoadgens.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ZiriTadi saSualebebis sabalanso Rirebulebis

gansazRvra pirveli an meore meTodiT SeuZlebelia, gamoiyeneba damoukidebeli
Sefasebis meTodi, romlis drosac myidvelisa da gamyidvelis SeTanxmebiT,
sxvadasxva varianti SeiZleba SeirCes.
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ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZena aqciebze gacvliT buRaltrul aRricxvaSi
aisaxeba:
d-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi (sabazro RirebulebiT);
k-ti - Cveulebrivi aqciebi (aqciebis nominaluri RirebulebiT); an
k-ti - gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebi;
k-ti saemisio kapitali (sxvaobis TanxiT).
ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZena sxva arafulad aqtivze (barteruli) gacvliT.
bass-is mixedviT, ZiriTadi saSualebis erTi an ramdenime erTeuli SeiZleba SeZe-

nil iqnes arafulad aqtivze an aqtivebze gacvliT, an fuladi da arafuladi aq-
tivebis kombinaciiT. aseTi ZiriTadi saSualebebi fasdeba realuri RirebulebiT
garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac:
aseT gacvlas ara aqvs komerciuli Sinaarsi; an
arc miRebuli da arc gacemuli aqtivebis realuri Rirebuleba ar aris

saimedod Sefasebadi.
SeZenili erTeuli amgvarad maSinac ki fasdeba, rodesac sawarmos ar SeuZ-

lia dauyovnebliv Sewyvitos gacemuli aqtivis aRiareba. Tu SeZenili aqtivi Sefa-
sebuli ar aris realuri RirebulebiT, misi TviTRirebuleba ganisazRvreba gace-
muli aqtivis mimdinare sabalanso RirebulebiT.
sawarmo gansazRvravs, aqvs Tu ara aqtivebis gacvlas komerciuli Sinaarsi.

gaclas aqvs komerciuli Sinaarsi, Tu:
miRebuli aqtivis fuladi nakadebis Semadgenloba (riski, dro da Tanxa) gan-

sxvavdeba gacemuli aqtivis fuladi nakadebis Semadgenlobisagan;
am nawilSi sawarmos operaciebi gavlenas axdens sawarmosaTvis specifikur

Rirebulebaze, rac gacvlis Sedegia;
pirvel da meore punqtebs Soris gansxvaveba mniSvnelovania gacvlili aqtive-

bis realur RirebulebasTan SedarebiT (bass 16).
maSasadame, barteruli gacvlis gziT ZiriTadi saSualebebis miRebisas,

maTi TviTRirebuleba Sefasdeba miRebuli aqtivis realuri RirebulebiT,
romelic gacemuli aqtivis realuri Rirebulebis ekvivalenturia da
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Sesworebulia nebismieri fuladi saxsrebis an misi ekvivalentis gadaxdili
TanxiT. e.i. rodesac Zneldeba ZiriTadi saSualebebis an maszed gasacvleli
aqtivebis realuri sabazro Rirebulebis gansazRvra, barteruli gacvla
SeiZleba romelime mxaris mier damatebiT fulad kompensaciebTan iyos
dakavSirebuli. aseT SemTxvevaSi, miRebuli ZiriTadi saSualebebis
TviTRirebuleba sanacvlod gacemuli aqtivebis sabazro Rirebulebaze fuladi
saSualebebis damatebiT (an gamoklebiT) ganisazRvreba. Tu barteruli gacvlis
gziT miRebuli ZiriTadi saSualebebis sabazro Rirebulebis gansazRvra
SesaZlebelia, magram igi gansxvavdeba gasacvleli fuladi aqtivebis sabalanso
Rirebulebisagan, miRebuli ZiriTadi saSualebebis TviTRirebulebad aRiardeba
misi sabazro Rirebuleba, romelic aisaxeba buRaltrul aRricxvaSi.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZena sxva arafulad aqtivze gacvliT buRaltrul

d-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi (miRebuli aqtivis jgufis Sesabamisad);
d-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTa (gacemuli aqtivis jgufis Sesabamisad);
d-ti - fuladi saSualebebi (miRebuli aqtivis Rirebulebaze Tanxis damatebisas);
k-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi (gacemuli aqtivis jgufis Sesabamisad);
k-ti maragebi da a.S.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis miReba mSeneblobis an sakuTari ZalebiT

konstruirebisa da Seqmnis gziT. sawarmos SeuZlia sameurneo wesiT
ganaxorcielos mSenebloba, sakuTari ZalebiT moaxdinos axali ZiriTadi
saSualebebis konstruireba da damzadeba. bass 16-is Sesabamisad, sawarmos mier
Seqmnili aqtivis TviTRirebulebis gansazRvra SeZenili aqtivis analogiurad
xdeba.
aqtivis sabalanso Rirebulebis gansazRvrisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba

aqtivis mSeneblobaze an konstruirebasa da damzadebaze gaweuli yvela
pirdapiri xarji. aseTi xarjebia: masalebis xarji, muSebis xelfasi,
arqiteqtorebisa da inJiner-konstruqtorTa Sromis anazRaurebis xarjebi,
mSeneblobisaTvis miwis momzadebis xarji da sxva. sawarmom mis mier Seqmnili
aqtivis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, am aqtivis RirebulebaSi ar unda aRricxos
mosalodneli Sida mogebis Tanxa. analogiurad, sawarmos mier aqtivis warmoebis
SemTxvevaSi nedleulisa da masalebis, SromiTi da sxva resursebis
zenormatiuli danaxarjebi ar unda CairTos aqtivis sabalanso RirebulebaSi.
rac Seexeba sesxis procents, igi SeiZleba aRiardes sawarmos mier Seqmnili
124
ZiriTadi saSualebebis sabalanso Rirebulebis elementad bass 23-is `sesxiT
sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebi~ moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.
rac Seexeba zednadeb xarjebs, igi aqtivis sabalanso RirebulebaSi
mxolod maSin Seitaneba, Tu uSualodaa dakavSirebuli konkretuli aqtivis
mSeneblobasTan.
mSeneblobasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebisa da damTavrebuli obieqtis
TviTRirebulebis gansazRvris mizniT, buRaltrul aRricxvaSi calke
damoukidebeli angariSi `daumTavrebeli mSenebloba~ gamoiyeneba, romlis
debetSic Tavs iyris da mzardi jamiT aisaxeba mSeneblobaze gaweuli
danaxarjebi. mSeneblobis damTavrebis Semdeg, danaxarjebis saerTo jamiT
dakreditdeba angariSi `daumTavrebeli mSenebloba~ da Tanxa, romelic
damTavrebuli obieqtis TviTRirebulebas warmoadgens, gadaitaneba konkretuli
ZiriTadi saSualebis (Senobebis, nagebobebis da a.S.) angariSis debetSi.
analogiurad xdeba sawarmos mier konstruirebuli da damzadebuli yvela
sxva saxis ZiriTadi saSualebebis sabalanso Rirebulebis gansazRvra da
aRricxva.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis miReba usasyidlod. sawarmom SeiZleba ZiriTadi

saSualeba miiRos usasyidlod, Cuqebis gziT. usasyidlod miRebuli ZiriTadi
saSualebebis sabalanso Rirebuleba maTi realuri sabazro RirebulebiT
ganisazRvreba. usasyidlod miRebuli ZiriTadi saSualebebi aisaxeba konkretuli
ZiriTadi saSualebis (Senobebis, nagebobebis da a.S.) angariSis debetSi da
angariSis ùsasyidlod miRebuli qoneba~ kreditSi, romelic angariSTa gegmaSi
ganTavsdeba rezervebis amsaxveli angariSebis jgufSi:
d_ti ZiriTadi saSualebebi;
k_ti usasyidlod miRebuli qoneba.
4.4. ZiriTadi saSualebebis eqspluataciasTan

dakavSirebuli xarjebis aRricxva
ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZenis, dadgmis, damontaJebisa da aqtivad

Tavdapirveli aRiarebis Semdeg, maTi eqspluataciaSi yofnis periodSi, SeiZleba
saWiro gaxdes maTs teqnikur momsaxurebasTan, remontTan da a.S. dakavSirebuli
xarjebis gaweva da Sesabamisad, maTi aRricxva.
125
ZiriTadi saSualebebis eqspluataciasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi SeiZleba sam
jgufad daiyos:
danaxarjebi, romlebic iwveven ZiriTadi saSualebebis sasargeblo gamoyenebis
vadis gaxangrZlivebas an maTi warmadobis amaRlebas;
danaxarjebi, romlebic ar iwveven ZiriTadi saSualebebis sasargeblo
gamoyenebis vadis gaxangrZlivebas an maTi warmadobis amaRlebas;
danaxarjebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia ZiriTadi saSualebebis
gaufrTxilebel mopyrobasTan.
danaxarjebi, romlebic iwveven ZiriTadi saSualebebis sasargeblo
gamoyenebis vadis gaxangrZlivebas an maTi warmadobis amaRlebas, daemateba
aqtivis sabalanso Rirebulebas anu moxdeba maTi kapitalizacia da
amortizirdeba ramdenime saaRricxvo periodis ganmavlobaSi.
bass-is mixedviT, sawarmo aRiarebs ZiriTadi saSualebis sabalanso RirebulebaSi
Semcvleli nawilebis Rirebulebas, Tu igi akmayofilebs aRiarebis kriteriumebs.
danaxarjebi, romlebic ar iwveven ZiriTadi saSualebebis sasargeblo
gamoyenebis vadis gaxangrZlivebas an maTi warmadobis amaRlebas da
dakavSirebulia am aqtividan misaRebi ekonomikuri sargeblis aRdgena-
SenarCunebasTan, aRiricxeba maTi gawevisTanave, rogorc mimdinare periodis
xarji. aseTi yoveldRiuri momsaxurebis danaxarjebia SromiTi da sxva resurse-
bis danaxarjebi, mcirefasiani nawilebis Rirebuleba, agreTve, sxva analogiuri,
SedarebiT umniSvnelo moculobis danaxarjebi.
rac Seexeba danaxarjebs, romlebic dakavSirebulia ZiriTadi
saSualebebisadmi gaufrTxilebel mopyrobasTan, avariebTan da Segnebul
dazianebebTan, sawarmosaTvis warmoadgenen zarals.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis eqspluataciasTan dakavSirebuli iseTi
danaxarjebi, rogoricaa maTi teqnikuri momsaxurebisa da remontis danaxarjebi,
periodul xasiaTs atarebs, gaiweva ra am saSualebebis muSa mdgomareobaSi
yofnis vadis gaxangrZlivebis mizniT da maTi moculoba SedarebiT umniSvneloa.
amgvari danaxarjebis aRricxva SeiZleba faqtiuri danaxarjis meTodiT da
ganawilebis meTodiT. pirvel SemTxvevaSi aRiricxeba faqtiuri danaxarjebi, maTi
gawevisTanave, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi drois garkveuli SualedurobiT. e.i.
mTeli wlisaTvis ganisazRvreba saremonto samuSaoebis Rirebuleba, romelic
nawildeba ufro xanmokle periodebze (Tve, kvartali) Tanabari odenobiT da
aisaxeba Sesabamisi danaxarjis amsaxveli angariSis debetSi.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis zogierTi obieqtis mTavari detalebi SeiZleba
periodulad Secvlas saWiroebdes. es gansakuTrebiT iseT detalebs exeba,
romlebic TviT ZiriTadi saSualebebis calkeuli obieqtis momsaxurebis vadis
126
ganmavlobaSi mravaljer SeiZleba Seicvalos imis gamo, rom maT sasargeblo
momsaxurebis SedarebiT naklebi vada gaaCniaT. amgvari detalebis ganaxlebasTan
dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis aRricxva SeiZleba ZiriTadi saSualebebis
angariSidan Sesacvleli detalisa da misi Sesabamisi cveTis Tanxis CamoweriT,
romlis narCeni Rirebuleba zaralad iqneba aRiarebuli, da axali detalis
RirebulebiT Sesabamisi angariSis gazrdiT. maSasadame, buRaltrul aRricxvaSi
jer aisaxeba Secvlili detalis Camowera:
d-ti - dagrovili cveTa - cveTis Sesabamisi TanxiT;
d-ti - arasaoperacio zarali - araamortizirebuli RirebulebiT;
k-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi - Secvlili detalis RirebulebiT.
Semdeg ki, axali detalis dayenebasTan dakavSirebuli xarji aisaxeba gatarebiT:

d-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi - axali detalis RirebulebiT;
k-ti - fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi.
am meTodis gamoyeneba sakmaod mouxerxebelia, imis gamo, rom yovelTvis ar

aris SesaZlebeli Sesacvleli detalisa da misi cveTis Tanxis dadgena. amitom
gamoiyeneba ZiriTadi saSualebebis Sesabamisi angariSis gazrdis meTodi, rac
gulisxmobs am angariSis debetis gazrdas axali detalis RirebulebiT, Zvelis
Camoweris gareSe. cxadia, es wesi iwvevs ZiriTadi saSualebebis Rirebulebis
dausabuTebel zrdas da amitom, misi gamoyeneba mizanSewonilia SedarebiT mcire
narCeni Rirebulebis mqone saSualebebis mimarT.
4.5. cveTisa da amortizaciis

aRricxva
ZiriTadi saSualebebis yvela saxeobas, miwis garda, daericxeba cveTa. imis

gamo, rom miwas Cveulebriv, gaaCnia SeuzRudavi momsaxurebis vada, Sesabamisad,
ar xdeba misi cveTa. sxva danarCeni ZiriTadi saSualebebi, rogoricaa: Senobebi,
nagebobebi, manqana-danadgarebi da a.S. maTi SezRuduli momsaxurebis vadis gamo,
cveTadi aqtivebia.
cveTa aris aqtivis cveTadi Rirebulebis moxmarebuli nawilis sistematu-

ri ganawileba, misi momsaxurebis vadis ganmavlobaSi.
127
cveTadi Rirebuleba aris aqtivis TviTRirebuleba, an finansur angariSge-
baSi aqtivis Rirebulebis Sesafaseblad gamoyenebuli sxva Tanxa, narCeni Rirebu-
lebis gamoklebiT.
aqtivis narCeni Rirebuleba aris SefasebiTi Tanxa, romelsac sawarmo amJa-
mad miiRebda aqtivis gayidvidan, gayidvisaTvis saWiro Sefasebuli danaxarjebis
gamoklebiT, Tu aqtivs ukve eqneboda misi sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadis bolos
mosalodneli asaki da mdgomareoba. anu narCeni Rirebuleba ewodeba Tanxas,
romelic darCeba sawarmos aqtivis momsaxurebis vadis gasvlis Semdeg misi
realizaciidan an likvidaciidan. aqtivis narCeni Rirebuleba xSirad
umniSvneloa da amdenad, cveTadi Rirebulebis gaangariSebisas araarsebiTia.
aqtivis cveTis Tanxa unda ganawildes sistematur safuZvelze, maTi sasar-

geblo momsaxurebis vadis ganmavlobaSi.
maSasadame, ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTis Tanxis gasaangariSeblad aqtivis
TviTRirebulebasTan erTad, didi mniSvneloba eniWeba aqtivis sasargeblo
momsaxurebis vadis gansazRvras. aqtivis sasargeblo momsaxurebis vada
ganisazRvreba:
periodiT, romlis ganmavlobaSic mosalodnelia sawarmos mier aqtivis

gamoyeneba; an
produqciis an msgavsi nawarmis raodenobiT, romlis miRebac mosalodnelia

sawarmos mier mocemuli aqtivis gamoyenebiT.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, ZiriTadi saSualebebis sasargeblo

momsaxurebis vada SeiZleba misi ekonomikuri vargisianobis vadaze naklebi iyos.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadis dadgena sawarmos
xelmZRvanelobis gadawyvetilebazea damokidebuli da eyrdnoba msgavsi aqtivebis
mqone sawarmos gamocdilebas.
sawarmos mier ZiriTad saSualebebSi ganivTebuli ekonomikuri sargeblis

gamoyeneba aqtivis eqspluataciis gziT xdeba. Tumca, iseTi faqtorebi, rogoricaa
aqtivis gamouyeneblobis periodSi teqnikuri moZveleba da fizikuri cveTa, xSi-
rad iwvevs aqtivisagan mosalodneli ekonomikuri sargeblis Semcirebas. amitom,
bass-is Sesabamisad, aqtivis sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadis dadgenisas gaTvalis-
winebul unda iqnes yvela qvemoT CamoTvlili faqtori:
sawarmos mier aqtivis mosalodneli gamoyeneba, romelsac gansazRvravs aqti-

vis savaraudo simZlavre an fizikurad gamoSvebuli produqcia;
128
savaraudo fizikuri cveTa, romelic damokidebulia iseT faqtorebze, rogo-
ricaa: cvlebis raodenoba, saremonto samuSaoebis programa, gamouyenebeli aq-
tivebis Senaxvisa da dacvis wesi;
teqnikuri an komerciuli moZveleba;
aqtivis gamoyenebis sakanonmdeblo an msgavsi SezRudvebi.
aqtivis narCeni Rirebuleba da sasargeblo momsaxurebis vada yoveli fi-

nansuri wlis bolos mainc unda gadaisinjos da Tu mosalodneli mniSvnelovnad
gansxvavdeba wina Sefasebebisagan, igi unda aisaxos, rogorc cvlilebebi saaR-
ricxvo SefasebebSi, bass 8-is ,,saaRricxvo politika, cvlilebebi saaRricxvo Se-
fasebebSi da Secdomebi Sesabamisad.
aqtivis cveTa iwyeba, rodesac SesaZlebelia misi gamoyeneba da wydeba misi

gasayidad gamiznulad klasificirebis dRidan, an am aqtivis aRiarebis Sewyvetis
Semdeg.
cveTis daricxva ar wydeba, rodesac aqtivi xdeba gamouyenebeli an aqtiuri

moxmarebidan gamosulia, sanam aqtivs srulad ar daericxeba cveTa. bass-is
mixedviT, aqtivze cveTis daricxva maSin iwyeba, rodesac SesaZlebelia misi ga-
moyeneba, anu, rodesac aqtivi aris im adgilas an iseT samuSao mdgomareobaSi,
rac aucilebelia aqtivis gamosayeneblad, xelmZRvanelobis mier dasaxuli amoca-
nebis miznebisaTvis. aqtivis cveTis daricxva wydeba im dRidan, rac igi klasifi-
cirdeba gasayidad gamiznulad fass 5-is Sesabamisad da mis Semdeg, rac wydeba am
aqtivis aRiareba. amgvarad, ar wydeba cveTis daricxva, rodesac aqtivi xdeba ga-
mouyenebeli an aqtiuri moxmarebidan gamosulia, sanam aqtivs srulad ar daeric-
xeba cveTa. amasTan, cveTis gamoyenebis meTodebis Sesabamisad, cveTis xarji SeiZ-
leba nuli iyos, sanam produqcia ar iqneba gamoSvebuli
bass-is mixedviT, miwa da Senobebi damoukidebel aqtivebs warmoadgenen da

maTi erTad SeZenis SemTxvevaSic ki, cal-calke aRiricxebian. miwas, Cveulebriv,
gaaCnia SeuzRudavi momsaxurebis vada da, Sesabamisad, ar xdeba misi cveTa. Seno-
bebi ki cveTadi aqtivebia, maTi SezRuduli momsaxurebis vadis gamo. zogjer, mi-
was TviTon SeiZleba gaaCndes SezRuduli momsaxurebis vada, am SemTxvevaSi mas
daericxeba cveTa misgan misaRebi sargeblianobis xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT.
cveTis Tanxa aisaxeba rogorc xarji da aRiardeba saangariSgebo periodis
mogebaSi an zaralSi, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca igi Sedis sxva aqtivis
RirebulebaSi.
129
ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTis daricxva xdeba narCen Rirebulebamde manam,
sanam ZiriTadi saSualebis cveTadi Rirebuleba nulis toli ar gaxdeba. Tumca,
ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTis Tanxis gansazRvrisas narCeni Rirebulebis
mxedvelobaSi miReba yovelTvis aucilebeli ar aris.
cveTis gaangariSebisTvis gamoyenebulma meTodma unda asaxos sawarmos mier

am aqtividan misaRebi ekonomikuri sargeblis miRebis xasiaTi. imis gamo, rom
mocemuli aqtividan misaReb ekonomikur sargeblSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi
SeiZleba moxdes, ZiriTadi saSualebebisaTvis cveTis daricxvis meTodi pe-
riodulad, finansuri wlis bolos mainc, unda gadaisinjos.
bass-iT rekomendebulia cveTis Tanxis gaangariSebis ramdenime meTodi,
aseTebia:
wrfivi cveTis meTodi;
Semcirebadi naSTis (daCqarebuli cveTis) meTodi;
warmoebis erTeulTa jamis meTodi.
wrfivi (Tanabarzomieri) Camoweris meTodi gulisxmobs cveTis erTi da

imave Tanxis daricxvas aqtivis mTeli momsaxurebis vadis manZilze, Tu ar Seic-
vala aqtivis narCeni Rirebuleba.
Rirebulebis wrfivi anu Tanabarzomieri, sworxazovani Camoweris meTodi

yvelaze martivi da amitom, praqtikaSi SedarebiT gavrcelebuli meTodia. am
meTodis gamoyenebisas cveTis daricxva Tanabari odenobiT xdeba aqtivis
sasargeblo gamoyenebis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi. gaangariSebis bazas
aqtivis pirvandeli Rirebuleba warmoadgens.
wliuri amortizaciis Tanxa ganisazRvreba formuliT:
TviTRirebuleba narCeni Rirebuleba

cveTis wliuri norma =
sasargeblo momsaxurebis vada
magaliTi:
Rirebulebis wrfivi (Tanabarzomieri) Camoweris meTodi:
SeZenilia ZiriTadi saSualeba, romlis Rirebuleba 5100 laria, sasargeblo

momsaxurebis vada 4 weli, xolo narCeni Rirebuleba 300 lari.
am monacemebiT aqtivis cveTa wlebis mixedviT Semdegnairad ganawildeba:
130
wlebi pirvandeli cveTis wliuri dagrovili narCeni
Rirebuleba norma cveTa Rirebuleba
1 5100 1200 1200 3900
2 5100 1200 2400 2700
3 5100 1200 3600 1500
4 5100 1200 4800 300
Tu ZiriTadi saSualeba wlis ganmavlobaSia SeZenili, cveTa daericxeba

momsaxurebis vadis mTeli periodisaTvis, SeZenis momentidan.
praqtikaSi iSviaTia SemTxveva, roca ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZena zustad
emTxveva saangariSgebo periodis dasawyiss an bolos. umetes SemTxvevaSi,
ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZena xdeba maSin, roca es aucilebelia da gayidva an
Camowera - roca maTi gamoyeneba araefeqturia. amitom xSirad saWiro xdeba
cveTis odenoba ganisazRvros wlis ama Tu im TvisaTvis. davuSvaT, rom
zemoaRniSnuli ZiriTadi saSualebis SeZena moxda 2 oqtombers, saangariSgebo
periodi mTavrdeba 31 dekembers. am SemTxvevaSi aucilebelia pirvel wels
amortizacia gaangariSebul iqnes 3 TvisaTvis an wlis 3/12-is odenobiT.
magaliTi:
cveTa wlebis mixedviT Semdegnairad ganawildeba:
wlebi pirvandeli cveTis dagrovili narCeni
Rirebuleba wliuri norma cveTa Rirebuleba
1 5100 300 300 4800

2 5100 1200 1500 3600
3 5100 1200 2700 2400
4 5100 1200 3900 1200
5 5100 900 4800 300
cveTis wliuri norma SeiZleba procentebiT iyos gamosaxuli.

motanili monacemebis mixedviT igi 25%-ia (1200/4800X100).
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu narCeni Rirebuleba ar ganisazRvreba, wliuri cveTa

gaiangariSeba obieqtis pirvandeli Rirebulebis gayofiT sasargeblo gamoyenebis
vadaze.
Semcirebadi naSTis meTodis gamoyeneba iwvevs cveTis klebadi Tanxebis

daricxvas aqtivis momsaxurebis vadis ganmavlobaSi. Semcirebadi naSTis meTodiT
cveTis daricxva xdeba yovelwliurad, winaswar gansazRvruli erTi da igive
procentuli ganakveTiT, amasTan daricxuli cveTis TanxiT pirvandeli
131
Rirebulebis yovelwliuri SemcirebiT. eqspluataciis pirvel wels cveTis
daricxva xdeba aqtivis pirvandeli Rirebulebidan, Semdgom wlebSi ki wminda
sabalanso Rirebulebidan, romelic warmoadgens sxvaobas aqtivis pirvandel
Rirebulebasa da dagrovili cveTis Tanxas Soris. amitom amortizaciis
anaricxebi ZiriTadi saSualebebis eqspluataciis pirvel wlebSi, Semdgom
wlebTan SedarebiT maRalia.
cveTis wliuri procentis gaangariSeba Sesabamisi formuliT SeiZleba.

magram misi gamoyeneba garkveul winaaRmdegobebTanaa dakavSirebuli. amitom
gaangariSebisas SerCeul unda iqnes optimalurad misaRebi procenti. aqtivis
Rirebulebis srulad amortizeba, misi sasargeblo gamoyenebis periodis
bolosaTvis cxadia, ver moxerxdeba, magram mizani ZiriTadad, mainc iqneba
miRweuli, radgan amortizaciis ZiriTadi Tanxa eqspluataciis pirvel wlebSi
dairicxeba.
magaliTi:
gamoviyenoT zemoT motanili monacemebi da davuSvaT, rom amortizaciis norma

Seadgens 25%. maSin cveTa wlebis mixedvT Semdegnairad ganawildeba:

1 5100 1275 1275 3825

2 5100 956 2231 2869
3 5100 717 2948 2152
4 5100 538 3486 1614
da a. S
motanili magaliTidan naTlad Cans, rom aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyenebiT

aqtivis eqsplutaciis pirvel wlebSi amortizacia maRalia, vidre momdevno
wlebSi, rac Seesabameba kidec obieqtis warmadobas. amitom mas cveTis daricxvis
daCqarebul meTodsac uwodeben. cveTis wrfivi daricxvis meTodTan SedarebiT,
aqtivis Rirebulebis srulad amortizebisaTvis mniSvnelovnad xangrZlivi
periodi, an imave periodSi cveTis maRali normaa saWiro. amitom Semcirebadi
naSTis meTodis gamoyeneba mizanSewonilia iseTi aqtivebis mimarT, romlebic
eqspluataciis pirvel wlebSi, kargaven TavianTi Rirebulebis did nawils an
maTs eqspluataciasa da Senaxvaze mniSvnelovnad naklebi danaxarjebia saWiro,
momdevno wlebTan SedarebiT. Tumca cveTa Cveulebriv, ganixileba rogorc
wlebis mixedviT ZiriTadi saSualebebis Rirebulebis ganawileba, da ara rogorc
132
am saSualebebis Sefaseba. es wesi iTvleba Sesrulebuli samuSaos moculobis
(mwarmoeblurobis) proporciulad cveTis gaangariSebis meTodad. igi SeiZleba
gamoyenebul iqnes iseTi aqtivebis cveTis gaangariSebisas, rogoricaa magaliTad,
nakaduri xazebi, avtomanqanebi da sxva analogiuri ZiriTadi saSualebebi.
Semcirebadi naSTis meTodis nairsaxeobas warmoadgens cifrebis jamis

meTodi. am meTodis gamoyenebisas cveTis wliuri normis nacvlad aiReba aqtivis
sasargeblo gamoyenebis wlebis cifrebis jami. cifrebis jamis gasaangariSeblad
SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes formula:
K = n X(n+1) /2
sadac: n ZiriTadi saSualebebis momsaxurebis wlebis ricxvia.
magaliTi:
zemoT motanili magaliTis mixedviT, cifrebis jami tolia 10 [4X(4+1)/2=10] an

(4+3+2+1). aqedan gamomdinare, cveTis gaangariSeba (igive monacemebiT) Semdeg saxes
miiRebs:

1 5100 4/10X5100-300=1920 1920 3180

2 5100 3/10X5100-300=1440 3360 1740
3 5100 2/10X5100-300=960 4320 780
4 5100 1/10X5100-300=480 4800 300
warmoebis erTeulTa jamis meTodis gamoyeneba niSnavs cveTis daricxvas

aqtivebis mosalodneli gamoyenebis an warmoebuli produqciis safuZvelze. igi
gulisxmobs amortizaciis gaangariSebas ZiriTadi saSualebebis warmadobis, da
ara sasargeblo gamoyenebis vadis gaTvaliswinebiT, rac ganpirobebulia imiT,
rom cveTa dakavSirebulia ZiriTadi saSualebis eqspluataciis xarisxTan da
drois monakveTebi araviTar gansakuTrebul rols ar TamaSoben mis gansazRvraSi.
magaliTi:
avtomanqanis savaraudo saerTo garbena 100000 k.m., misi Rirebuleba - 5000 l.

cveTa gaiangariSeba Semdegnairad:
133
wlebi pirvandeli faqtiuri cveTis dagrovili narCeni
Rirebuleba garbena wliuri norma cveTa Rirebuleba
1 5000 25000 1250 1250 3750
2 5000 15000 750 2000 1750
3 5000 20000 1000 3000 750
4 5000 10000 500 3500 250
da a. S.
25000/100000X5000
an 5000 / 100000 X 25000 da a.S.
sawarmo damoukideblad irCevs misTvis Sesaferis meTods, romelic ufro

metad asaxavs aqtivSi ganivTebuli mosalodneli momavali ekonomikuri
sargeblis gamoyenebis models. SerCeuli meTodi mudmivad unda gamoiyenebodes
periodidan periodamde manam, sanam ar Seicvleba mocemuli aqtividan ekonomikuri
sargeblis gamoyenebis mosalodneli modeli.
cveTa warmoadgens ra aqtivis momsaxurebis vadis ganmavlobaSi misi

Rirebulebis nawilis xarjebze mikuTvnebas, sawarmos mier SerCeuli meTodiT
gaangariSebuli cveTis TanxiT moxdeba ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTis
(amortizaciis) daricxva, anu cveTis Tanxis xarjad aRiareba yoveli
saangariSgebo wlis bolos. buRaltrul aRricxvaSi igi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti - cveTisa da amortizaciis xarji;
k-ti - dagrovili amortizacia da cveTa.
aqedan gamomdinare, cveTis Tanxa ar aisaxeba TviT ZiriTadi saSualebebis

angariSze. ZiriTadi saSualebebi Sesabamis angariSze rCeba pirvandeli
RirebulebiT, xolo buRaltrul balansSi aisaxeba sabalanso RirebulebiT, e.i.
pirvandeli Rirebulebidan dagrovili cveTis gamoklebiT. yovelwliurad
daricxuli cveTa ki, aisaxeba sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi, cveTisa da
amortizaciis xarjis saxiT. amrigad, aqtivis Rirebuleba ganawildeba misi
momsaxurebis mTels periodze, Sesabamisobis principis safuZvelze.
sagadasaxado miznebisaTvis saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsis mixedviT,

ZiriTadi saSualebebi jgufdeba xuT jgufad. TiToeuli jgufisaTvis
dadgenilia amortizaciis wliuri norma da gamoiyeneba amortizaciis daricxvis
Semcirebadi naSTis meTodi.
134
4.6. ZiriTadi saSualebebis gadafasebis
aRricxva
sawarmom unda airCios TviTRirebulebis modeli, an gadafasebis modeli, ro-
gorc sawarmos saaRricxvo politika da unda gamoiyenos igi ZiriTadi saSualebebis
mTeli jgufis mimarT.
finansur angariSgebaSi ZiriTadi saSualebebi aqtivad aRiarebis Semdeg,

unda aRiricxebodes TviTRirebulebidan dagrovili cveTisa da dagrovili
gaufasurebis zaralis gamoklebis Sedegad miRebuli TanxiT, rac bass-iT
TviTRirebulebis models warmosdgens. magram bass-i aseve, gvTavazobs
gadafasebis models, romlis mixedviTac aqtivad aRiarebis Semdeg, ZiriTadi
saSualebebis esa Tu is erTeuli, romlis realuri Rirebulebis gansazRvra
SesaZlebelia saimedod, unda aisaxos gadafasebuli TanxiT, romelic gadafasebis
momentisaTvis arsebuli aqtivis realuri Rirebulebis tolia, dagrovili cveTi-
sa da dagrovili gaufasurebis zaralis gamoklebiT.
gadafaseba unda tardebodes regularulad imisaTvis, rom aqtivis

sabalanso Rirebuleba arsebiTad ar gansxvavdebodes misi realuri
Rirebulebisagan balansis Sedgenis TariRisaTvis.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis gadafasebas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba, ramdenadac
finansuri angariSgebis informaciis momxmareblebi dainteresebulni arian
miiRon informacia ZiriTadi saSualebebis realuri Rirebulebis Sesaxeb, rac
maTi perioduli gadafasebiT miiRweva. Cveulebriv, gadafasebas profesionali
kvalificiuri Semfaseblebi asruleben.
Senoba-nagebobebisa da miwis realuri Rirebuleba, Cveulebriv, maTi

sabazro fasia, romelic ganisazRvreba profesionali Semfaseblis mier.
manqana-danadgarebis realuri Rirebuleba, Sefasebis gziT miRebul maT sabazro
Rirebulebas warmoadgens. Tu gaurkvevelia sabazro fasi, vinaidan aqtivi
specifikuri xasiaTisaa da iSviaTad iyideba, aqtivis realuri Rirebuleba
ganisazRvreba Semosavlis meTodiT an Canacvlebis RirebulebiT, cveTis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
gadafasebis sixSire ZiriTadi saSualebebis realuri Rirebulebis cvli-

lebebzea damokidebuli. rodesac gadafasebuli aqtivis realuri Rirebuleba ar-
sebiTad gansxvavdeba misi sabalanso Rirebulebisagan, aucilebelia misi Semdgo-
mi gadafaseba. zogierTi aqtivisaTvis, romelTa realuri Rirebuleba swraf da
mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs ganicdis, aucilebelia yovelwliuri gadafaseba. xolo
SedarebiT stabiluri sabazro fasebis mqone aqtivebisaTvis, sakmarisia gadafase-
bis Catareba sam-xuT weliwadSi erTxel.
135
bass-iT rodesac xdeba ZiriTadi saSualebebis romelime obieqtis
gadafaseba, unda moxdes aqtivebis im jgufis mTlianad gadafaseba, romelsac
mocemuli erTeuli miekuTvneba.
rodesac gadafasebis Sedegad aqtivis sabalanso Rirebuleba izrdeba,
nameti unda dakreditdes sakuTari kapitalis ganyofilebaSi `gadafasebis
nametis~ saxelwodebiT. magram gadafasebis nameti mogebaSi an zaralSi unda
aRiardes im zomiT, ramdenic saWiroa imave aqtivis Camofasebis im Tanxis
sakompensaciod, romelic adre mogebaSi an zaralSi aRiarda. (bass 16).
Tu aqtivis gadafasebis Sedegad misi sabalanso Rirebulebis Semcireba xdeba, es
Semcireba mogebaSi an zaralSi unda aRiardes. magram Semcirebis Tanxa unda
dadebetdes sakuTari kapitalis ganyofilebaSi `gadafasebis nametis~
saxelwodebiT im odenobiT, ra sididis sakredito naSTic arsebobs gadafasebis
nametSi am aqtivTan dakavSirebiT. (bass 16, m. 40).
aqtivebis gadafasebisas, unda aRiricxos gadafasebuli aqtivebis cveTa.

ganasxvaveben aqtivebis gadafasebisas, daricxuli cveTis aRricxvis or ZiriTad
meTods: koeficientur (indeqsaciis) meTods da eliminirebis (amovardnis)
meTods.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis gadafasebis TariRisaTvis dagrovili cveTa:
gadaiangariSeba aqtivis mTliani sabalanso Rirebulebis cvlilebis propor-

ciulad ise, rom gadafasebis Semdeg aqtivis sabalanso Rirebuleba udrides
mis gadafasebul Rirebulebas. es meTodi xSirad gamoiyeneba, roca aqtivis
gadafaseba xdeba misi cveTis Sesacvlelad indeqsaciis safuZvelze; an
akldeba aqtivis mTlian sabalanso Rirebulebas, xolo sxvaobis Tanxa

gadaiangariSeba aqtivis gadafasebul Rirebulebamde. magaliTad, es meTodi
gamoiyeneba im SenobebisTvis, romelTa gadafaseba xdeba maTi sabazro
Rirebulebis mixedviT.
Sesworebis Tanxa, romelic warmoiSoba dagrovili cveTis Tanxis
gadafasebis an ignorirebis SemTxvevaSi, Seadgens aqtivis sabalanso
Rirebulebis zrdis an Semcirebis Tanxis nawils. (bass 16).
magaliTi:
ZiriTadi saSualebebis gadafaseba (koeficienturi meTodi):
sawarmom 2012 wlis 1 ivliss gadaafasa ZiriTadi saSualeba:
pirvandeli Rirebuleba 100000 lari;

dagrovili cveTa 40000 lari;
sabalanso Rirebuleba 60000 lari;
136
gadafasebuli Rirebuleba 90000 lari;
cveTis daricxvis gamoyenebuli meTodi - wrfivi;
amortizaciis wliuri norma 4%;
cveTisa da amortizaciis wliuri Tanxa 4000 lari;
sasargeblo momsaxurebis vada 25 weli;
gadafasebiT gamowveuli mateba 30000 lari (90000 - 60000).
gadafasebis proporciis koeficienti 1,5 (90000 / 60000).
1. d-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi - 50000;
k-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebis gadafasebis rezervi - 50000.
2. d-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebis gadafasebis rezervi - 20000;

k-ti - dagrovili cveTa - 20000.
Sesabamisad, gaizrdeba yovelwliurad dasaricxi cveTis Tanxa. ZiriTadi

saSualebebis gadafaseba balansSi Semdeg cvlilebebs gamoiwvevs:
balansi
gadafasebamde gadaf. Semdeg sxvaoba
aqtivebi:
ZiriTadi saSualebebi 100000 150000 +50000
dagrovili cveTa 40000 60000 +20000
sabalanso Rirebuleba 60000 90000 +30000
kapitali: 0 30000 +30000

aqtivis gadafasebis rezervi
sabalanso Rirebuleba 0 30000
aqtivis gadafasebis Semdeg, unda moxdes cveTis wliuri normis xelaxali

gaangariSeba, romlis drosac gaiTvaliswineba ZiriTadi saSualebis sasargeblo
momsaxurebis darCenili vada an ganisazRvreba axali. magaliTad, Tu aqtivis
gadafaseba moxda 2008 wlis 1 ivlisisaTvis, 2008 wlis 31 dekembrisaTvis
dasaricxi cveTis Tanxis gasaangariSeblad unda ganisazRvros aqtivis
sasargeblo momsaxurebis darCenili dro, romelic miiReba: sasargeblo
momsaxurebis saerTo dros minus eqspluataciaSi yofnis dro. e. i. 25w.-10.5w.=14.5w.
137
cveTis daricxvis wrfivi meTodis gamoyenebisas, aqtivis gadafasebuli
Rirebulebis (90000 lari) mixedviT, sasargeblo momsaxurebis darCenili
periodisaTvis, cveTis wliuri Tanxa 6206 laris (90000 / 14,5 w.) toli iqneba.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, 2012 wels dasaricxi cveTis Tanxa tolia:
- yovelwliuri cveTis Tanxa: Zveli normiT - 4000 (100000 / 25);
axali normiT - 6207 (90000 / 14,5);
1. cveTa 2012 wlis 1 ivlisamde - 2000 (4000 X 6/12);
2. cveTa 2012 wlis 31 dekembramde - 3103 (6207 X 6/12).
1. cveTis daricxva wlis pirveli naxevrisaTvis, Zveli normiT:
d-ti _ cveTisa da amortizaciis xarji - 2000;
k-ti _ dagrovili cveTa - 2000.
2. cveTis daricxva wlis meore naxevrisaTvis, axali normiT:

d-ti - cveTisa da amortizaciis xarji 3103;
aRniSnuli operaciebis buRaltrul aRricxvaSi asaxvis Semdeg, ZiriTadi

saSualebebis angariSis debetSi darCeba aqtivis gadafasebuli Rirebuleba (150000
lari), gadafasebis rezervis angariSis kreditSi - gadafasebiT gamowveuli
fasmateba (30000 lari) da dagrovili cveTis angariSze 65103 lari
(60000+2000+313).
maSasadame, ZiriTadi saSualebebis sabalanso Rirebuleba 2012 wlis 31
dekembrisaTvis 84897 laris (150000+6503) toli iqneba.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aqtivis sabalanso Rirebuleba adre Camofasebuli da
xarjad iyo aRiarebuli, davuSvaT, 10000 lariT, pirvel rigSi, gadafasebuli
TanxiT unda aRsdges Semosavali igive odenobiT (10000 lari), nameti TanxiT ki,
dakreditdes kapitalis Sesabamisi angariSi.
d-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi - 30000;

k-ti - arasaoperacio Semosavali - 10000;
138
magaliTi:
ZiriTadi saSualebebis gadafaseba (eliminirebis meTodi):
2012 wlis 1 ianvrisaTvis sawarmos balansze iricxeboda Senoba:
- pirvandeli RirebulebiT 2000000 lari;
- dagrovili cveTa 500000 lari;
sabalanso Rirebuleba 1500000 lari.
- Senobis sasargeblo gamoyenebis vada 20 weli;

- amortizaciis wliuri norma 5%;
- cveTis daricxvis meTodi - wrfivi.
- Senoba gadafasda 2012 wlis 1 ivliss. gadafasebuli Rirebuleba 1800000 lari;
- aqtivis sasargeblo gamoyenebis darCenili vada (14.5 weli) ar Secvlila.
Senobis gadafasebuli Rirebuleba (1800000 lari) misi srulad amortizebis

mizniT, 14,5 welze unda gadanawildes da Sesabamisad, ganisazRvros cveTis
wliuri norma. igi 6,9%-ia (1800000 / 14,5) / 1800000)X100).
Senobis gadafasebis operaciebis buRaltruli aRricxvisaTvis unda
ganisazRvros 2012 wlis cveTis Tanxa, romelic udris 108050 lars, m.S.
wlis pirveli naxevrisaTvis - 50000 lari (2000000X5%) /2 Zveli normiT;
wlis meore naxevrisaTvis - 62100 lari (1800000X6,9%) /2 axali normiT.
e. i. wlis meore naxevrisaTvis cveTa gaiangariSeba gadafasebuli Rirebulebidan,
axali normiT.
1. cveTis daricxva 2008 wlis pirveli naxevrisaTvis:

d-ti - amortizaciis xarji - 50000;
2. Senobis gadafaseba fasmatebis TanxiT (1800000-(2000000-500000-50000)):
3. gadafasebis rezervis angariSze, Senobebis gadafasebis Sedegad miRebuli
fasmatebis asaxvis Semdeg, dagrovili cveTa Camoiwereba (eliminirdeba):
d-ti - dagrovili cveTa - 550000;
k-ti - Senobebi - 550000.
4. cveTis daricxva 2008 wlis meore naxevrisaTvis:
d-ti - amortizaciis xarji - 62100;
139
Senobis gadafasebis operaciebis buRaltrul aRricxvaSi asaxvis Semdeg,
sawarmos finansuri angariSgeba Semdeg saxes miiRebs:
balansi
(fragmenti)
Senobebi: gadafasebili RirebulebiT 1800000
dagrovili cveTa 62100

sabalanso Rirebuleba 1737900
ZiriTadi saSualebebis gadafasebis rezervi 350000
sruli Semosavlebis angariSgeba

(fragmenti)
cveTisa da amortizaciis xarji: Zveli normiT 100000;
gadafasebiT gamowveuli fasmateba 12100;
sul 112100.
an, SesaZlebelia agreTve, sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi wlis

ganmavlobaSi dasaricxi cveTa Sesabamisi TanxiT Zveli da axali normiT
calk-calke aisaxos. maSin sruli Semosavlebis angariSgeba Semdeg saxes
miiRebs:
sruli Semosavlebis angariSgeba

(fragmenti)
cveTisa da amortizaciis xarji: Zveli normiT 50000;
axali normiT 62100;
sul 112100.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, ZiriTadi saSualebebis gadafasebis operaciebis

aRricxvisas, yuradReba unda mieqces or moments:
gadafasebis momentamde, cveTis daricxva xdeba aqtivis pirvandeli

Rirebulebidan;
gadafasebis momentisaTvis dagrovili cveTa Camoiwereba aqtivis pirvandeli

Rirebulebidan, xolo cveTis daricxva xdeba gadafasebuli Rirebulebidan.
140
4.7. ZiriTadi saSualebebis aRiarebis
Sewyvetis (gasvlis) aRricxva
ZiriTadi saSualebebis aRiarebis Sewyveta (gasvla) sxvadasxva mizeziT

SeiZleba iyos ganpirobebuli. aseTebia: ZiriTadi saSualebebis realizacia,
usasyidlod gadacema (gaCuqeba), fizikuri an moraluri siZvelis gamo Camowera
da sxva.
bass-is mixedviT, ZiriTadi saSualebis obieqtis sabalanso Rirebulebis

aRiareba wydeba:
gayidvis SemTxvevaSi; an
rodesac misi gayidvidan an gamoyenebidan aranairi ekonomikuri sargeblis mi-
Reba aRar aris mosalodneli.
`ZiriTadi saSualebis erTeulis aRiarebis Sewyvetis Sedegad miRebuli Semosu-

loba an zarali unda Sevides im periodis mogebaSi an zaralSi, rodesac aRiare-
bis Sewyveta moxda (garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac bass 17 moiTxovs gansxvavebul
midgomas aqtivis ukuijariT gayidvaze). Semosuloba ar unda klasificirdes ro-
gorc amonagebi~ (bass 16).
Semosuloba an zarali, romelic warmoiSoba ZiriTadi saSualebebis erTeu-

lis aRiarebis Sewyvetisas, unda ganisazRvros, rogorc sxvaoba wminda gasvlis
amonagebsa (Tu aseTi arsebobs) da maT sabalanso Rirebulebas Soris.
misaRebi sazRauri ZiriTadi saSualebebis erTeulis gasvlidan Tavdapirve-

lad aRiricxeba misi realuri RirebulebiT. Tu am erTeulze gadaxda ganvadebu-
lia, sazRauris aRiareba Tavdapirvelad xdeba realuri fasis ekvivalentiT. sxva-
oba sazRauris nominalur Rirebulebasa da realuri fasis ekvivalents Soris ai-
saxeba, rogorc saprocento amonagebi bass 18-is Sesabamisad, sazRauris faqtobri-
vi Semosavlis gamosaxatavad.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis Camoweris gavrcelebuli formaa maTi realizacia.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis realizaciisas, miRebuli amonagebi gansxvavdeba
sabalanso Rirebulebisagan, romelic warmoadgens sxvaobas aqtivis pirvandel
Rirebulebasa da dagrovil cveTas Soris. amis mizezia is, rom sawarmos mier
SemuSavebuli cveTisa da amortizaciis daricxvis grafiki, srulad ver asaxavs
mocemuli saSualebis sabazro Rirebulebis realur cvlilebas. sxvaoba
realizaciidan miRebul amonagebsa da aqtivis sabalanso Rirebulebas Soris
SeiZleba iyos mogeba an zarali.
141
ZiriTadi saSualebebis daSlisa da demontaJis xarjebi ganixileba,
rogorc realizaciidan miRebuli Semosavlis Semcireba, e. i. isini iwveven
mogebis Semcirebas an zaralis zrdas.
ZiriTadi saSualebebis usasyidlod (gaCuqeba) gacemisas, sawarmo mas

asaxavs sabazro RirebulebiT. sxvaoba sabazro da sabalanso Rirebulebas
Soris aisaxeba mogebis an zaralis saxiT.
magaliTi:
ZiriTadi saSualebebis realizacia:
1. sawarmom gayida danadgari 15000 larad, dRg 2700 lari;

- pirvandeli Rirebuleba 24000 lari;
- narCeni Rirebulebaa 4000 lari,
- sasargeblo moxmarebis vada - 4 weli;
- cveTis daricxvisaTvis gamoiyeneba cifrebis jamis meTodi;
- gayidvamde aqtivi eqspluataciaSi iyo 2 weli.
daricxulia amortizacia:
wlebis jami 10 (4+3+2+1);
cveTadi Rirebuleba 20000 (24000 - 4000);
pirveli weli - 20000 X 4/10 = 8000;
meore weli - 20000 X 3/10 = 6000;
sul dagrovili cveTis Tanxa 14000 lari;
d-ti - dagrovili cveTa - 14000;
k-ti - ZiriTadi saSualeba - 24000;
k-ti - gadasaxdeli dRg - 2700;
k-ti - arasaoperacio mogeba - 5000.
maSasadame, Tu realizaciidan miRebuli amonagebi aRemateba aqtivis

sabalanso Rirebulebas, Sedegad miiReba mogeba, romelic aisaxeba angariSze
àrasaoperacio mogeba~ - kreditSi, xolo sawinaaRmdego SemTxvevaSi, miRebuli
zarali - àrasaoperacio zaralis~ angariSze, debetSi. ZiriTadi saSualebebis
realizaciidan miRebuli mogeba aisaxeba mogeba-zaralis angariSgebaSi,
rogorc arasaoperacio Semosavlebi, xolo zarali, rogorc arasaoperacio
xarjebi.
142
Tavi V. aramaterialuri aqtivebis
aRricxva
5.1. aramaterialuri aqtivebis

arsi da saxeebi
aramaterialuri aqtivebi grZelvadiani aqtivebis erTerT saxes

warmoadgens. bass 38-is àramaterialuri aqtivebi~ mixedviT, àramaterialuri
aqtivi aris identificirebadi arafuladi aqtivi, fizikuri formis gareSe~. am
ganmartebiT moiTxoveba aqtivis identificirebadoba, gudvilisagan misi gamijvnis
mizniT.
aqtivi akmayofilebs aramaterialuri aqtivis ganmartebis
identificirebadobis kriteriums, roca igi:
gancalkevebadia, e. i. SesaZlebelia misi gamoyofa da gayidva, gadacema,
licenzireba, gaqiraveba an gacvla calke an masTan dakavSirebul
xelSekrulebasTan, aqtivTan an valdebulebasTan erTad; an
warmoiqmneba saxelSekrulebo an sxva iuridiuli uflebebiT, miuxedavad imisa,
SesaZlebelia Tu ara aRniSnuli uflebebis gadacema an gancalkeveba
sawarmosgan an sxva uflebebisa da movaleobebisagan.
bass-is mixedviT, `sawarmo akontrolebs aramaterialur aqtivs, Tu mas
gaaCnia resursebis momavali ekonomikuri sargeblis miRebis ufleba. amasTan, mas
SeuZlia SezRudos am sargeblis sxvebis mier miRebis ufleba~. bazrisa da teqni-
kurma codnam SesaZloa warmoqmnas momavali ekonomikuri sargebeli. sawarmo
akontrolebs am sargebels, Tu, magaliTad, codna daculia iuridiuli uflebe-
biT, iseTi, rogoricaa: saavtoro uflebebi, savaWro xelSekrulebis SezRudviT
(sadac es nebadarTulia), an momuSaveTa mier konfidencialobis dacvis iuridiu-
li movaleobiT.
maSasadame, aramaterialur aqtivebs miekuTvneba saSualebebi, romelTac
materialuri, nivTieri, xelSesaxebi forma ar gaaCniaT, magram sawarmosaTvis
xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi ekonomikuri sargeblis motana SeuZliaT.
aramaterialuri aqtivisagan misaRebi momavali ekonomikuri sargebeli
SeiZleba moicavdes saqonlis an momsaxurebis realizaciidan amonagebs, xarjebis
ekonomias an sawarmos mier aqtivis gamoyenebis Sedegad miRebul raime sxva
sargebels.
swored aRniSnuli Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, Zneldeba
aramaterialuri aqtivebis Rirebulebis Sefaseba, xolo maTi sasargeblo
143
gamoyenebis vada, xSirad gansazRvras ar eqvemdebareba. aqedan gamomdinare, Znelia
aramaterialuri aqtivebis gamoyenebiT misaRebi momavali ekonomikuri sargeblis
dadgenac.
aramaterialuri aqtivebi, umetes SemTxvevaSi, maTi mflobelebis
uflebebis legalizacias, an sakuTrebis uflebidan gamomdinare, maTi
upiratesobis mxardaWeras emsaxureba.
aramaterialur aqtivebs miekuTvneba: samecniero an teqnikuri codna, axali
procesebi an sistemebi, licenziebi, inteleqtualuri sakuTreba, bazris Seswavla
da savaWro niSnebi (sasaqonlo niSnebisa da publikaciebis dasaxelebebis
CaTvliT). aramaterialuri aqtivebis konkretuli magaliTebia: programuli
uzrunvelyofa, patentebi, koncesiebi, saavtoro an sxva uflebebi, filmebi,
klientebis CamonaTvali (sia), ipoTekuri momsaxurebis uflebebi, TevzWeris
licenziebi, kvotebi importze, franSizi, bazris wili da samarketingo uflebebi,
klientebTan an momwodeblebTan urTierTobebi, klientebis loialoba da sxva,
Tu isini akmayofileben aramaterialuri aqtivis ganmartebas,
identificirebadobis, resursebis kontrolisa da momavali ekonomikuri
sargeblis arsebobis moTxovnebs.
aramaterialuri aqtivebis iseTi saxeebi, rogoricaa patentebi, licenziebi,
koncesiebi, saavtoro uflebebi, savaWro niSnebi, warmoadgenen sawarmos uflebas
garkveul sferoSi.
patenti: aris 1) gamogonebis damadasturebeli dokumentia, romelic misi

mflobelis avtorobas da gamogonebis drois gansazRvruli periodis
ganmavlobaSi gamoyenebis gansakuTrebul uflebas adasturebs; 2) samewarmeo
saqmianobis ganxorcielebis uflebis damadasturebeli dokumentia. maSasadame,
patenti saxelmwifo aRiarebis damadasturebeli dokumentia. igi mis mflobels
patentirebuli sagnis gamoyenebisa da monopoliuri Semosavlis miRebis uflebas
aZlevs. patenti garkveuli vadiT gaicema.
licenzia zogadad, saqmianobis ganxorcielebis nebarTvaa. 1) licenzia

romelime saxis saqmianobis ganxorcielebis nebarTvaa. 2) licenzia saxelmwifo
organoebis mier gacemuli nebarTvaa gansazRvrul sferoSi, vadebSi da
moculobiT savaWro saqmianobis (m. S. saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri) ganxorcielebis
Sesaxeb.
koncesia ekonomikuri agentebis samarTalurTierTobaa, rodesac erTi mxare
(uflebamosili) meore (mosargeble) mxares gadascems uflebamosilebas,
samewarmeo saqmianobaSi gamoyenebis mizniT, anazRaurebad safuZvelze, vadiT an
144
uvadod. koncesiis xelSekruleba iTvaliswinebs gansakuTrebuli uflebebis,
saqmiani reputaciisa da komerciuli gamocdilebis gamoyenebas mkacrad
gansazRvrul farglebSi da moculobiT.
saavtoro ufleba literaturisa da xelovnebis dargSi avtoris mier

Sesrulebuli naSromis gavrcelebisa da tiraJirebis kanoniT miniWebuli
monopoliuri uflebaa. literaturisa da xelovnebis nimuSebis, kompiuteruli
programuli uzrunvelyofis da sxva analogiuri aqtivebis tiraJirebis ufleba
kopiraitad iwodeba.
franSizi (SeRavaTi, privilegia) warmoadgens erTi sawarmos mier meoreze

mis sakuTrebaSi arsebuli materialuri da aramaterialuri aqtivebis gamoyenebis
uflebis gadacemas, konkretuli pirobebis dacviT, anazRaurebad safuZvelze.
franSizi msxvili da mcire sawarmoebis urTierTobebisa da sameurneo
integraciis formaa, rodesac msxvili sawarmo (franSaizeri) mcire sawarmos
Tavisi savaWro niSnis sargeblobis uflebas gadascems, anazRaurebad
safuZvelze. franSaizerma SeiZleba gasces SeRavaTiani krediti, an iyos garanti
sesxis miRebisas. mcire mewarmeobisaTvis franSaizis upiratesoba minimaluri
danaxarjebiT biznesis ganviTarebaSi mdgomareobs. Tavis mxriv, franSaizeri
afarToebs saqmianobis geografiasa da Sesabamisad, Semosavlebs minimaluri
investirebiTa da riskiT, inarCunebs organizaciul kompaqturobas. franSaizma
farTo gavrceleba vaWrobis, sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebisa da sastumro
biznesSi hpova.
savaWro niSnebi sawarmoebisa da maTi produqciis dasaxelebaa, romelic

daculia kanonmdeblobiT sxva sawarmoebis mier arasanqcirebuli gamoyenebisagan.
gudvili zogadad, sawarmos fass, mis saqmian reputacias niSnavs da

ZiriTadad, yalibdeba klientebTan sawarmos kargi urTierTobebiT. am
urTierTobebis mizezi SeiZleba iyos sawarmos, rogorc sando mimwodeblis
reputacia, sawarmos kargi marTva, kargi urTierToba personalTan, produqciisa
da momsaxurebis maRali xarisxi, mogebis maRali norma, sawarmos kargi
geografiuli mdebareoba da sxva. gudvili `momavali ekonomikuri sargebelia,
romelic warmoiSoba iseTi aqtivebidan, romlebic individualurad ver ganisaz-
Rvreba da verc calke iqneba aRiarebuli~ (fass - 3).
samecniero-kvleviTi da sacdel-sakonstruqtoro samuSaoebis danaxarjebi
yvela im danaxarjs moicavs, romelic uSualod dakavSirebulia samecniero-
145
kvleviTi da sacdel-sakonstruqtoro saqmianobasTan, romelime praqtikuli
miznis an gamoyenebis sferos Sesaxeb codnis amaRlebasTan, konkretuli
nakeTobis danergvis an misi gaumjobesebis samuSaoebTan.
sxva aramaterialur aqtivebs SeiZleba miekuTvnos, magaliTad, eleqtronul
gamomTvleli manqanebis programuli uzrunvelyofis xarjebi da sxva.
aramaterialuri aqtivebis aRricxva xdeba TiToeuli konkretuli saxis
aramaterialuri aqtivisaTvis gankuTvnil angariSze.
amJamad moqmedi angariSTa gegmiT, aramaterialuri aqtivebis aRsaricxavad
gaTvaliswinebulia grZelvadiani aqtivebis jgufi 2500 àramaterialuri
aqtivebi~, kerZod, angariSebi:
2510 licenziebi;
2520 _ koncesiebi;
2530 _ patentebi;
2540 _ gudvili;
2590 _ sxva aramaterialuri aqtivebi;
xolo aramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizaciis aRsaricxavad gaTvaliswinebulia

jgufi 2600 àramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizacia~, kerZod, angariSebi:
2610 licenziebis amortizacia;
2620 _ koncesiebis amortizacia;
2630 _ patentebis amortizacia;
2690 _ sxva aramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizacia.
unda aRiniSnos, rom buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebis

bolo SesworebiT, gudvili ar unda amortizirdebodes. amis nacvlad, sawarmom,
gudvili unda Seamowmos gaufasurebaze yovelwliurad, an ufro xSirad, Tu
movlenebi da Secvlili garemoebebi mianiSneben, rom is SeiZleba gaufasurebuli
iyos bass 36-is àqtivebis gaufasureba~ Sesabamisad. amitom angariSi 2640
`gudvilis amortizacia~ pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT ar gamoiyeneba.
aramaterialuri aqtivebis aRricxvisas gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnas
Semdegi ZiriTadi momentebi:
pirvandeli Rirebulebis gansazRvra;
sasargeblo gamoyenebis vadis dadgena;
amortizaciis aRricxva.
146
5.2. aramaterialuri aqtivebis SeZenis
aRricxva
aramaterialuri aqtivebis SeZena kapitaluri dabandebis gansakuTrebul

saxes warmoadgens.
bass-is mixedviT, aramaterialuri aqtivis aRiareba unda moxdes maSin,
rodesac:
mosalodnelia aqtivze mikuTvnebadi momavali ekonomikuri sargeblis
saswarmoSi Semosvla; an
SesaZlebelia aqtivis TviTRirebulebis saimedod Sefaseba.
sawarmom gonivrulad da dasabuTebulad unda Seafasos momavali
ekonomikuri sargeblis Semosvlis albaToba, aqtivis sasargeblo moxmarebis
vadis ganmavlobaSi.
aramaterialuri aqtivis sawyisi Sefaseba TviTRirebulebiT unda moxdes.
sawarmoSi aramaterialuri aqtivis miRebia SeiZleba moxdes Semdegi gzebiT:
calke SeZena;
SeZena, rogorc sawarmoTa gaerTianebis nawili;
SeZena saxelmwifo grantis saSualebiT;
aqtivebis gacvla;
sawarmoSi warmoqmnili aramaterialuri aqtivi.
sawarmos mier aramaterialuri aqtivis calke Sesasyidad gadaxdili fasi

asaxavs mis molodins momavali ekonomikuri sargeblis Semodinebis
SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb.
calke Sesyiduli aramaterialuri aqtivis TviTRirebuleba, Cveulebriv,

SeiZleba saimedod Sefasdes, gansakuTrebiT, Tu Sesyidva fuladi saSualebebis
an sxva fuladi aqtivebis gadaxdiT xdeba.
aramaterialuri aqtivis TviTRirebuleba moicavs:
Sesyidvis fass, sxvadasxva mosakreblebisa da aradabrunebadi gadasaxadebis
CaTvliT (SeRavaTebisa da fasdaklebebis gamoklebiT);
aqtivis gamosayeneblad momzadebaze gaweul pirdapir danaxarjebs.
bass-is mixedviT, aqtivis gamosayeneblad momzadebaze gaweul pirdapir
danaxarjebs miekuTvneba:
daqiravebiT momuSaveTa gasamrjeloebis danaxarjebi;
profesiuli danaxarjebi;
147
aqtivis Sesabamisi muSaobis Semowmebis danaxarjebi.
aramaterialuri aqtivebis TviTRirebulebaSi ar Seitaneba:
axali produqciis an momsaxurebis aTvisebis danaxarjebi;
axal adgilze, an klientebis axal jgufTan biznesis warmoebis
danaxarjebi;
administraciisa da sxva zednadebi xarjebi.
aramaterialuri aqtivebis sabalanso RirebulebaSi danaxarjebis aRiareba

wydeba sawarmos xelmZRvanelobisTvis saWiro formiT misi SesaZlo gamoyenebis
momentidan. aqedan gamomdinare, aramaterialuri aqtivis gamoyenibisas an misi
ganmeorebiTi moxmarebisas gaweuli danaxarjebi ar Sedis am aqtivis sabalanso
RirebulebaSi. igive SeiZleba iTqvas aramaterialuri aqtivis srulyofasTan
dakavSirebul, magram ara aucilebel xarjebzec. am operaciebTan dakavSirebuli
Semosavlebi da danaxarjebi gawevisTanave aRiardeba Sesabamisi jgufis
Semosavlebad da xarjebad, aisaxeba angariSgebaSi mogebisa da zaralis Sesaxeb.
aramaterialuri aqtivebis SeZenis operaciebis aRricxva ZiriTadi

saSualebebis miRebis aRricxvis analogiuria. maTi SeZenisas debetdeba Sesabamisi
aramaterialuri aqtivis amsaxveli angariSi da kreditdeba fuladi an gacvlaSi
monawile sxva romelime saSualebebis amsaxveli angariSi.
calke SeZenili aramaterialuri aqtivebi buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba
gatarebiT:
d-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebi;
k-ti fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi;
SesaZlebelia aramaterialuri aqtivebi SeZenil iqnes gadaxdis gadavadebiT,

normaluri sakredito pirobebiT. am SemTxvevaSi bass 38-is mixedviT `misi
TviTRirebuleba fulad formaSi gamoxatuli fasis eqvivalenturia. am Tanxas da
mTlian gadaxdebs Soris sxvaoba aRiardeba rogorc saprocento danaxarji,
kreditis periodis ganmavlobaSi, Tu igi ar iqneba kapitalizebuli bass 23-iT
`sesxis sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebi~ nebadarTuli meTodis
Sesabamisad~.
1. aramaterialuri aqtivebis kreditiT SeZena, sesxis procentis kapitalizaciis
gareSe:
d-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebi (aqtivebis saxeebis mixedviT);
k-ti valdebulebebi mowodebiT.
148
2. aramaterialuri aqtivebis kreditiT SeZena, sesxis procentis
kapitalizaciisas:
k-ti valdebulebebi mowodebiT;
k-ti gadasaxdeli procentebi.
aramaterialuri aqtivebis gamoyenebisas, an maTi ganmeorebiT moxmarebisas
gaweuli SemTxveviTi danaxarjebi, rogoricaa magaliTad, aqtivis Semdgom
srulyofasTan dakavSirebuli araaucilebeli xarjebi, ar Seitaneba aqtivis
sabalanso RirebulebaSi da maTi gawevisTanave aRiardeba xarjad, Sesabamisad,
aisaxeba angariSgebaSi mogebisa da zaralis Sesaxeb.
aramaterialuri aqtivebis SeZena, rogorc sawarmoTa gaerTianebis nawili,

dakavSirebulia ra sawarmoTa gaerTianebasTan, regulirdeba fass 3-iT
`sawarmoTa gaerTianeba~, romlis mixedviTac `Tu aramaterialuri aqtivi
SeZenilia sawarmoTa gaerTianebis dros, maSin am aramaterialuri aqtivis
TviTRirebulebaa SeZenis dros arsebuli misi realuri Rirebuleba~. sawarmoTa
gaerTianebis gziT miRebul aramaterialur aqtivebs myidveli aRiarebs SeZenis
dRes, gudvilisagan gancalkevebiT, Tu am aqtivis realuri Rirebuleba
SesaZlebelia saimedod ganisazRvros, miuxedavad imisa, SeZenil sawarmos es
aqtivi aRiarebuli hqonda Tu ara sawarmoTa gaerTianebamde. magaliTad, aseTi
SeiZleba iyos daumTavrebeli samecniero-kvlevisa da sacdel-sakonstruqtoro
samuSaoTa proeqtebi.
sawarmoTa gaerTianebisas SeZenili aramaterialuri aqtivebis realuri
Rirebulebis saimedod gansazRvra SeuZlebelia, Tu igi warmoqmnilia iuridiuli
an sxva saxis saxelSekrulebo uflebiT, ar aris gancalkevebadi, an ar arsebobs
msgavsi aqtivebis gacvlis operaciebis gamocdileba.
aramaterialuri aqtivebis realuri Rirebulebis gansazRvras
uzrunvelyofs aqtiur bazarze kotirebuli sabazro fasebi, xolo Tu
aramaterialuri aqtivebis aqtiuri bazari ar arsebobs, aqtivis TviTRirebuleba
im TanxiT ganisazRvreba, rasac sawarmo gadaixdida aqtivis Sesyidvis dRes,
`gaSlili xelis manZilis~ principiT Sesrulebuli garigebis Sedegad arsebuli
informaciis safuZvelze, msgavsi aqtivebisaTvis bolo dros Semdgari
garigebebis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
bass 38-is mixedviT `sawarmoTa gaerTianebis dros SeZenili
aramaterialuri aqtivi SesaZlebelia gancalkevebadi iyos, magram mxolod
Sesabamis materialur an aramaterialur aqtivTan erTad~. magaliTad, bunebrivi
wyaros wylis savaWro niSani, romelic dakavSirebulia romelime konkretul
149
wyarosTan, unda gaiyidos am wyarosTan erTad. Sesabamisad, myidveli aRiarebs
aqtivebis jgufs, rogorc erT aqtivs, gudvilisagan gancalkevebiT, Tu jgufSi
Semavali calkeuli aqtivis realuri Rirebulebis saimedod Sefaseba
SeuZlebelia.
aramaterialuri aqtivebis, rogorc sawarmoTa gaerTianebis nawilis SeZena,
calke SeZenili aramaterialuri aqtivebis msgavsad aisaxeba buRaltrul
aRricxvaSi gatarebiT:
d-ti gudvili;
k-ti fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi; an
k-ti valdebulebebi mowodebiT.
aramaterialuri aqtivebis SeZena saxelmwifo grantis saSualebiT SeiZleba

ganxorcieldes gadaxdis gareSe an nominaluri kompensaciiT. aseTi SeiZleba iyos
saxelmwifos mier sawarmoze sxvadasxva uflebebis gadacema, rogoricaa,
magaliTad, aeroportebSi TviTmfrinavebis dajdomis ufleba, satelevizio da
radio mauwyeblobis ufleba da sxva. aramaterialuri aqtivebis SeZena
saxelmwifo grantis saSualebiT regulirdeba bass 20-is `saxelmwifo grantebis
buRaltruli aRricxva da saxelmwifo daxmarebis ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebi~
mixedviT. rac Seexeba usasyidlod miRebul aramaterialur aqtivebs, buRaltrul
aRricxvaSi igi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
k-ti rezervebi da dafinanseba.
aramaterialuri aqtivebis miReba SeiZleba moxdes aqtivebis gacvlis gziT.

bass-iT nebadarTulia erTi an ramdenime aramaterialuri aqtivis arafulad
aqtivze, an fuladi da arafuladi aqtivebis kombinaciaze gacvla. gacvlisas
aramaterialuri aqtivis TviTRirebulebis Sefaseba mocemuli aqtivis realuri
RirebulebiT xdeba, Tu amas xels ar uSlis:
gacvlis operaciis komerciuli safuZvlis ararseboba;
SeuZlebelia rogorc miRebuli, ise gacemuli aqtivis realuri Rirebulebis
saimedod Sefaseba.
aqtivebis gacvlis gziT miRebuli aramaterialuri aqtivebi buRaltrul
aRricxvaSi aisaxeba Semdegnairad:
1. erTi aramaterialuri aqtivis gacvla meoreze. am SemTxvevaSi miRebuli

aramaterialuri aqtivi aisaxeba misi realuri RirebulebiT, xolo maszed
150
gacvlili aramaterialuri aqtivi Camoiwereba sabalanso RirebulebiT,
dagrovili amortizaciis gaTvaliswinebiT:
d-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebi (miRebuli aqtivis RirebulebiT);
d-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizacia (gasuli aqtivis);
k-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebi (gasuli aqtivis RirebulebiT);
k-ti arasaoperacio Semosavali. an
d-ti arasaoperacio zarali.
2. aramaterialuri aqtivis miReba sxva arafulad aqtivze, magaliTa, ZiriTad

saSualebebze gacvliT:
d-ti ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTa (gasuli obieqtis);
k-ti ZiriTadi saSualebebi (gasuli obieqti).
3. aramaterialuri aqtivis miReba fuladi da arafuladi aqtivebis kombinaciaze

gacvliT:
d-ti ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTa (gacvlili obieqtis dagrovili cveTiT);
d-ti fuladi saSualebebi (damatebiT miRebuli fuladi TanxiT); an
k-ti fuladi saSualebebi (damatebiT gacemuli fuladi TanxiT);
k-ti ZiriTadi saSualebebi (gasuli obieqtis sabalanso RirebulebiT).
aramaterialuri aqtivis miReba sawarmoSi warmoqmnis gziT. sawarmoSi

SesaZlebelia warmoiqmnas aramaterialuri aqtivi, romelic Cveulebriv, unda
akmayofilebdes misi aqtivad aRiarebis kriteriumebs. am mizniT unda moxdes
aqtivis warmoqmnis procesis klasifikacia. bass-is mixedviT amgvari
klasificireba xdeba:
samecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebis fazad;
sacdel-sakonstruqtoro samuSaoebis fazad.
Tu sawarmo ver axerxebs am fazebis erTmaneTisagan gamijvnas, masze gaweul

danaxarjebs samecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebis fazas miakuTvnebs.
samecniero-kvleviT samuSaoebs miekuTvneba:
axali codnis miRebisaTvis warmarTuli saqmianoba;
samecniero aRmoCenebis an sxva codnis gamoyenebis saSualebis Zieba,
Sefaseba da saboloo SerCeva;
151
masalebis, mowyobilobebis, saqonlis, procesebis, sistemis an momsaxurebis
alternativebis Zieba;
axali an gaumjobesebuli masalebis, mowyobilobebis, saqonlis,
procesebis, sistemis an momsaxurebis SesaZlo alternativebis
formulireba, dizaini, Sefaseba da saboloo SerCeva.
samecniero-kvleviT samuSaoebze gaweuli danaxarjebi, dakavSirebulia ra

axali samecniero an teqnikuri codnis SeZenis mizniT winaswar dagegmil kvleva-
ZiebasTan, maTi gawevisTanave aisaxeba mimdinare periodis danaxarjebSi, ar xdeba
misi kapitalizeba da maSasadame, ar warmoadgens aramaterialur aqtivs.
`samecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebis Sedegad warmoqmnili arc erTi aramaterialuri
aqtivis aRiareba ar unda moxdes. samecniero-kvleviT samuSaoebze gaweuli
danaxarjebis aRiareba xarjis saxiT unda moxdes maSin, rodesac gaweul iqneba
danaxarji~ (bass 38).
rac Seexeba sacdel-sakonstruqtoro danaxarjebs, àramaterialuri aqtivi,
romelic warmoiqmneba sacdel-sakonstruqtoro samuSaoebis Sedegad, unda
aRiardes mxolod maSin, rodesac sawarmos SeuZlia aCvenos:
teqnikurad ganxorcielebadia aramaterialuri aqtivis dasruleba ise, rom
rom misi gamoyeneba an gayidva gaxdes SesaZlebeli;
aramaterialuri aqtivis dasrulebisa da gamoyenebis an misi gayidvis

ganzraxva;
aramaterialuri aqtivis gamoyenebis an gayidvis unari;
Tu rogor warmoqmnis aramaterialuri aqtivi momaval ekonomikur sargebels.

amasTan, sawarmom unda aCvenos aramaterialuri aqtivis gamoyenebis
Sedegebis an TviT aramaterialuri aqtivis bazris arseboba, an Tu misi
sawarmoSi gamoyenebaa ganzraxuli - aramaterialuri aqtivis sargeblianoba;
sacdel-sakonstruqtoro samuSaoebis dasrulebisa da aramaterialuri

aqtivis gamoyenebis an gayidvisaTvis saWiro adekvaturi teqnikuri, finansuri
da sxva resursebis arseboba;
sacdel-sakonstruqtoro samuSaoebis mimdinareobisas gaweuli, aramate-

rialur aqtivze mikuTvnebadi, danaxarjebis saimedod Sefasebis unari~.
bass 38-is mixedviT, sawarmoSi warmoqmnili aramaterialuri aqtivis

TviTRirebuleba moicavs yvela danaxarjs, romlebic SeiZleba pirdapir iqnas
mikuTvnebuli an gonivrul da dasabuTebul safuZvelze ganawilebuli, aqtivis
152
Seqmnaze, warmoebasa da gamiznuli gamoyenebisaTvis momzadebaze. TviTRirebuleba,
Tu es mizanSewonilia, moicavs:
aramaterialuri aqtivis Sesaqmnelad gamoyenebul an moxmarebul masalebsa da

momsaxurebaze gaweul danaxarjebs;
aqtivis SeqmnaSi uSualod dakavebuli personalis xelfasebs, gasamrjeloebs

da maT dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebul sxva danaxarjebs;
mosakrebels iuridiuli uflebis registraciaze;
aqtivis Sesaqmnelad gamoyenebuli licenziebis an patentebis amortizacias.
sawarmoSi warmoqmnili aramaterialuri aqtivis TviTRirebulebis

komponentebs ar warmoadgens:
gayidvis, administraciuli da sxva saerTo zednadebi xarjebi, garda im

SemTxvevisa, rodesac SesaZlebelia am danaxarjebis pirdapir mikuTvneba qtivis
gamoyenebisaTvis momzadebaze;
naTlad gamokveTili araefeqturoba da sawyisi saoperacio danakargebi, rasac

adgili aqvs aqtivis gegmuri maCveneblebis miRwevamde;
aRniSnuli aqtivis saeqsplutaciod personalis momzadebaze gaweuli

danaxarjebi.
aqedan gamomdinare, sacdel-sakonstruqtoro samuSaoebis danaxarjebi

aisaxeba aramaterialuri aqtivis angariSis debetSi, Sesabamisi danaxarjebis an
valdebulebebis amsaxveli angariSebis kreditTan korespondenciiT.
rac Seexeba sawarmoSi warmoqmnil sasaqonlo niSnebs, Jurnal-gazeTebis

saxelwodebas, publikaciebis dasaxelebebs, klientebis CamonaTvals da sxva
analogiurs, bass-is mixedviT igi ar unda aRiardes aramaterialur aqtivebad,
ramdenadac amgvar muxlebze gaweuli danaxarjebis gamorCeva mTlianad biznesis
ganviTarebis TviTRirebulebisagan SeuZlebelia.
sawarmoSi warmoqmnili gudvili ar unda aRiardes aqtivad. sawarmoSi
warmoqmnili gudvilis aqtivad aRiareba ar xdeba, radgan is ar aris sawarmos

mier kontrolirebuli identificirebadi resursi, romlis TviTRirebulebis
saimedod Sefaseba SesaZlebelia. sawarmoSi warmoqmnili gudvili ver
akmayofilebs aqtivad aRiarebis kriteriumebs, arc gancalkevebadia da arc saxel-
Sekrulebo an sxva iuridiuli uflebebidan warmoSobili.
153
5.3. aramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizaciis
aRricxva
aramaterialuri aqtivi, warmoadgens ra grZelvadian aqtivs, misi

Rirebuleba, aqtivad Tavdapirveli aRiarebis Semdeg, sasargeblo gamoyenebis
mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi TandaTanobiT, amortizirebis gziT aRiardeba
xarjad. àmortizacia aris aramaterialuri aqtivis cveTis Tanxis sistematuri
Camowera, misi sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadis ganmavlobaSi~ (bass 38) maSasadame,
msgavsad ZiriTadi saSualebebisa, aramaterialuri aqtivebis miRebisas sawarmom
unda gansazRvros misi sasargeblo gamoyenebis periodi, Tu es SesaZlebelia.
amitom, upirveles yovlisa, sawarmom unda Seafasos aramaterialuri aqtivis
sasargeblo momsaxurebis vada ganusazRvrelia Tu SezRuduli, xolo aqtivis
sasargeblo momsaxurebis SezRuduli vadis dadgenisas, gansazRvros misi
xangrZlivoba. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, cxadia, aramaterialuri aqtivebis
aRricxva damokidebulia mis sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadaze. aramaterialuri
aqtivi SezRuduli sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadiT amortizdeba, xolo
ganusazRvreli sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadiT ar amortizdeba.
sawarmos mier aramaterialuri aqtivis sasargeblo momsaxurebis vada

miiCneva ganusazRvrelad, Tu yvela mimdinare faqtoris gaanalizebis Semdeg ver
ganisazRvreba im periodis SezRudva, romlis ganmavlobaSic mosalodnelia
aqtivis mier sawarmoSi fuladi nakadebis Semosvlis gamomuSaveba.
aramaterialuri aqtivis sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadis gansazRvrisas,

mravali faqtoris gaTvaliswinebaa saWiro, maT Soris:
sawarmos mier aqtivis mosalodneli gamoyenebis xasiaTi da SesaZlebelia
Tu ara aqtivis efeqturad marTva sxva mmarTveli gundis mier;
aqtivis tipiuri sasicocxlo cikli da sajaro informacia imave tipisa da
msgavsi gamoyenebis aqtivebis sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadis winaswari
Sefasebis Sesaxeb;
teqnikuri, teqnologiuri, komerciuli da sxva saxis moZveleba;
im dargis stabiluroba, romelSic moqmedebs aqtivi da aqtividan miRebul
saqonelze an momsaxurebaze sabazro moTxovnis cvlilebebi;
konkurentebis an potenciuri konkurentebis mosalodneli qmedebebi;
aqtivis momavali ekonomikuri sargeblis miRebis arsebuli donis
SenarCuneba, danaxarjis done, sawarmos unari da survili am donis
misaRwevad;
154
aqtivze kontrolis periodi da iuridiuli an msgavsi SezRudvebi am aqti-
vis gamoyenebaze, magaliTad, aqtivTan dakavSirebuli ijaris vadis gasvlis
TariRi;
damokidebulia Tu ara aqtivis sasargeblo momsaxurebis vada sawarmos
sxva aqtivebis sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadaze.
SezRuduli sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadis mqone aramaterialuri aqtivis

amortizebadi Tanxa sistematurad unda gadanawildes mis sasargeblo
momsaxurebis vadaze. amortizeba iwyeba aqtivis gamoyenebis dawyebis momentidan
da wydeba ori momentidan erT-erTis dadgomisas:
1. Tu igi klasificirdeba, rogorc gasayidi;
2. rodesac Sewydeba am aqtivis aRiareba.
SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes amortizaciis sxvadasxva meTodi, rogoricaa:
wrfivi daricxvis (Tanabarzomieri Camoweris) meTodi;
Semcirebadi naSTis meTodi;
warmoebis erTeulTa jamis meTodi.
aramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizaciis daricxvis SerCeuli meTodi unda

Seesabamebodes sawarmos mier aqtivis ekonomikuri sargeblis moxmarebis wess da
gamoyenebul unda iqnes ucvlelad, periodidan periodamde, Tu aqtivis mosalod-
neli ekonomikuri sargeblis moxmarebis xasiaTi ar icvleba.
amortizaciis gamoyenebulma meTodma unda asaxos wesi, modeli, romlis

mixedviTac sawarmo moelis aqtivis momavali ekonomikuri sargeblis moxmarebas.
Tu am modelis saimedod gansazRvra SeuZlebelia, maSin gamoiyeneba wrfivi
daricxvis (Tanabarzomieri Camoweris) meTodi.
rogorc wesi, aqtivis amortizebadi Tanxa ganisazRvreba misi narCeni

Rirebulebis gamoklebis Semdeg. aRniSnuli exeba aramaterialuri aqtivebis
amortizebadi Tanxis gansazRvrasac. bass 38-is Sesabamisad, aramaterialuri
aqtivis narCeni Rirebuleba miCneul unda iqnes nulis tolad, garda im
SemTxvevebisa, rodesac:
1. mesame mxares aRebuli aqvs aqtivis sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadis bolos misi
Sesyidvis valdebuleba; an
2. arsebobs aqtiuri bazari aqtivisaTvis da:

155
_ narCeni Rirebulebis gansazRvra SesaZlebelia am bazridan aRebuli informaci-
is safuZvelze; da
_ mosalodnelia, rom es bazari iarsebebs aqtivis sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadis
bolos.
nulisagan gansxvavebuli narCeni Rirebuleba niSnavs, rom sawarmo

varaudobs aqtivis gasvlas, misi ekonomikuri momsaxurebis vadis dasrulebamde.
aqtivis narCeni Rirebulebis Sefaseba efuZneba misi gasvlisas arsebul aRdgeniT

Rirebulebas, romelic gamoiTvleba Sefasebis dRes arsebuli msgavsi aqtivebis
fasebiT, romlebmac miaRwia TavianTi sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadis bolos da
funqcionirebda am aqtivis gamoyenebis msgavs pirobebSi. narCeni Rirebuleba
gadaisinjeba sul mcire yvela finansuri wlis bolos. narCen RirebulebaSi
cvlileba aRiricxeba rogorc cvlileba saaRricxvo SefasebebSi bass 8-is
Sesabamisad.
amortizaciis daricxva warmoadgens ra aramaterialuri aqtivis

Rirebulebis nawilis xarjad aRiarebas, Cveulebriv, aisaxeba angariSgebaSi
mogebisa da zaralis Sesaxeb, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac romelime
standartis mixedviT nebadarTulia an moTxovnilia, rom amortizaciis xarji
Setanil iqnes sxva aqtivis sabalanso RirebulebaSi. magaliTad, sawarmoo
procesSi gamoyenebuli aramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizacia CairTveba maragis
sabalanso RirebulebaSi bass 2 `sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis
moTxovnis Sesabamisad.
sxva grZelvadiani aqtivebisagan gansxvavebiT, aramaterialuri aqtivebis
amortizaciis daricxvis ori varianti SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli:
1. rodesac aramaterialuri aqtivis Rirebuleba pirdapir mcirdeba daricxuli
amortizaciis TanxiT:
d-ti - cveTisa da amortizaciis xarji;

k-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivi (aqtivebis saxeebis mixedviT);
am meTods amowurvis meTods uwodeben.

2. rodesac bass Semosavlebisa da danaxarjebis Sesabamisobis principis Tanaxmad,
aramaterialuri aqtivis yovelwliurad dasaricxi amortizaciis Tanxa jer
aRiardeba xarjad da aisaxeba aqtivis dagrovili amortizaciis angariSze, Semdeg
ki aqtivis araamortizirebuli nawili ganisazRvreba sabalanso (narCeni)
Rirebulebis saxiT:
d-ti - cveTisa da amortizacis xarji;
k-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivis amortizacia (aqtivebis saxeebis mixedviT).
156
amortizaciis periodi da amortizaciis meTodi yoveli wlis bolos unda
gadaisinjos da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Seicvalos.
ganusazRvreli sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadis mqone aramaterialuri

aqtivebi ar unda iqnen amortizebuli. bass 36-is àqtivebis gaufasureba~ mixedviT,
sawarmos moeTxoveba Seamowmos ganusazRvreli sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadis
mqone aramaterialuri aqtivi gaufasurebaze, misi aRdgeniTi da sabalanso
Rirebulebis Sedarebis gziT yovelwliurad, an aseTis saWiroebis mixedviT.
5.4. aramaterialuri aqtivebis gasvlis
aRricxva
sawarmodan aramaterialuri aqtivebis gasvla SeiZleba gamoiwveuli iyos

misi gayidviT, an misgan ekonomikuri sargeblis miRebis SesaZleblobis amowurviT.
bass-is mixedviT, aramaterialuri aqtivis aRiareba unda Sewydes:
misi gasvlisas; an
rodesac araviTari momavali ekonomikuri sargebeli ar aris mosalodneli

aqtivis gamoyenebisa da Semdgomi gasvlis Sedegad.
aramaterialuri aqtivebis gasvla SeiZleba gamoiwveuli iyos misi gayidviT,

finansuri ijariT, usasyidlod gadacemiT. àramaterialuri aqtivis aRiarebis
Sewyvetisas warmoqmnili Semosuloba an zarali unda ganisazRvros rogorc
sxvaoba aqtivis gasvlis wminda Semosavlebsa da aqtivis sabalanso Rirebulebas
Soris da unda aRiardes mogebisa da zaralis angariSgebaSi, rodesac aqtivis
aRiareba Sewydeba. Semosuloba ar klasificirdeba amonagebad~ (bass 38).
aramaterialuri aqtivebis gasvlis TariRis gansazRvrisas, sawarmom unda

gamoiyenos saqonlis gayidvidan miRebuli amonagebis aRiarebis kriteriumebi
(bass 18), xolo aqtivis gayidviT da ukuijaris pirobiT gasvlas - bass 17.
aramaterialuri aqtivis gasvlisas misaRebi Tanxa Tavdapirvelad aRiardeba

realuri RirebulebiT. Tu gadaxda aramaterialuri aqtivisaTvis gadavadebulia,
maSin miRebuli anazRaureba Tavdapirvelad aRiardeba fuladi erTeulis ekviva-
lentis Sesabamisad. sxvaoba gadasaxadis nominalur Rirebulebasa da fulad ek-
vivalents Soris aRiardeba procentis saxiT miRebul amonagebad bass 18-is Sesa-
bamisad, asaxavs ra faqtobriv sargebels moTxovnaze.
157
aramaterialuri aqtivebis gayidva buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba
gatarebiT:
d-ti - fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi (gayidvis RirebulebiT);
d-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizacia (dagrovili TanxiT);
k-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebi (pirvandeli RirebulebiT);
k-ti - arasaoperacio mogeba; an piriqiT,
d-ti - arasaoperacio zarali.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sawarmo iyenebs aramaterialuri aqtivebis gadafasebis

rezervs da aramaterialuri aqtivebis gasvlis TariRisaTvis mas gaaCnia naSTi,
igi unda gauqmdes da gadatanil iqnes mogebis angariSze:
d-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebis gadafasebis rezervi;
k-ti - arasaoperacio mogeba; an
k-ti - gaunawilebeli mogeba.
aqtivis sasargeblo gamoyenebis vadis amowurvamde gasuli aramaterialuri

aqtivebis Camowera gatardeba:
d-ti - arasaoperacio zarali (sxvaobis TanxiT);
k-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebi (pirvandeli RirebulebiT).
5.5. aramaterialuri aqtivebis gadafasebis

aRricxva
aramaterialuri aqtivebi finansur angariSgebaSi sabalanso RirebulebiT

aisaxeba. aramaterialuri aqtivebis sabalanso Rirebuleba aris Tanxa, romliTac
igi asaxulia balansSi dagrovili amortizaciisa da dagrovili gaufasurebis
zaralis gamoklebiT. bass 38-is mixedviT, sawarmos SeuZlia airCios da Tavisi
158
saaRricxvo politikiT gansazRvros aramaterialuri aqtivebis sawyisi aRiarebis
Semdgomi Sefasebis modeli:
TviTRirebulebis modeli; an
gadafasebuli Rirebulebis modeli.
aramaterialuri aqtivebi warmoadgens aqtivebis dajgufebas TavianTi

bunebisa da warmoebis procesSi gamoyenebis erTgvarovnebis niSnis mixedviT.
amitom, Tu aramaterialuri aqtivebi aRricxulia gadafasebis modelis
gamoyenebiT, maSin mis jgufSi arsebuli yvela aqtivi aRricxuli unda iyos imave
meTodiT, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac am aqtivebisaTvis ar arsebobs aqtiuri
bazari. bass-iT aqtiuri bazari aris bazari, sadac arsebobs yvela Semdegi
piroba:
bazarze arsebuli saqoneli erTgvarovania;
rogorc wesi, yovelTvis arseboben dainteresebuli myidvelebi da gamyid-
velebi;
fasebi cnobilia sazogadoebisaTvis.
aqtiuri bazris arseboba aramaterialuri aqtivisaTvis ar aris Cveulebrivi,

Tumca aris SesaZlebeli. igi SeiZleba arsebobdes Tavisuflad gadacemadi
licenziis, an warmoebis kvotebisaTvis da ar SeiZleba arsebobdes iseTi
unikaluri aramaterialuri aqtivebisaTvis, rogoricaa: sasaqonlo markebi,
gazeTebis saTaurebi, musikisa da filmebis gamocemis uflebebi, patentebi da sxva.
`sawyisi aRiarebis Semdeg aramaterialuri aqtivi unda aisaxos gadafasebuli

RirebulebiT, romelic aris realuri Rirebuleba gadafasebis TariRiT,
Semcirebuli nebismieri Semdgomi akumulirebuli amortizaciisa da gaufasurebis
zaralis odenobiT~ (bass 38, m. 75). standartiT gadafasebis mizniT, realuri
Rirebuleba unda ganisazRvros aqtiuri bazridan miRebuli informaciis
saSualebiT. gadafasebebi unda moxdes regularulad, ise, rom balansis Sedgenis
TariRisaTvis misi sabalanso Rirebuleba arsebiTad ar gansxvavdebodes realuri
Rirebulebisagan. gadafasebis modelis gamoyenebisas ar unda moxdes:
im aramaterialuri aqtivebis gadafaseba, romlebic manamde ar iyo aRiarebuli

aqtivebis saxiT; an
aramaterialuri aqtivebis sawyisi aRiareba maTi TviTRirebulebis garda raime

sxva TanxiT.
159
gadafasebis modeli gamoiyeneba aqtivis TviTRirebulebiT sawyisi aRiarebis
Semdeg. aramaterialuri aqtivis gadafasebis sixSire damokidebulia misi realuri
Rirebulebis cvlilebaze. Tu aramaterialuri aqtivis gadafaseba xdeba,
nebismieri akumulirebuli amortizacia gadafasebis TariRiT unda:
gadaangariSdes aqtivis mTliani sabalanso Rirebulebis cvlilebis proporci-

ulad ise, rom gadafasebis Semdeg aqtivis sabalanso Rirebuleba misi
gadafasebuli Rirebulebis toli iyos; an
eliminirdes aqtivis mTliani sabalanso Rirebulebis sapirispirod, xolo

wminda sabalanso Rirebuleba gadaangariSdes aqtivis gadafasebul Rirebu-
lebamde.
Tu aramaterialuri aqtivis sabalanso Rirebuleba gadafasebis Sedegad

izrdeba, aRniSnuli zrdis Tanxa unda aisaxos uSualod sakuTar kapitalSi,
kerZod, `gadafasebis rezervis~ kreditSi.
k-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebis gadafasebis rezervi.
Tu aramaterialuri aqtivi ramdenjerme daeqvemdebara gadafasebas da wina

gadafasebiT miRebuli Rirebulebis Semcireba aRiarebuli iyo xarjad, momdevno
gadafasebidan miRebuli mateba unda aRiardes Semosavlad ise, rom moxdes imave
aqtivis gadafasebiT ganpirobebuli Rirebulebis Semcirebis kompensireba:
k-ti - arasaoperacio Semosavali;
k-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebis gadafasebis rezervi.
Tu aqtivis sabalanso Rirebuleba gadafasebis Sedegad Semcirda, Semcireba

xarjad unda aRiardes. Tumca, gadafasebis Semcireba pirdapir unda aisaxos
sakuTar kapitalSi, aramaterialuri aqtivebis gadafasebis rezervis debetSi ise,
rom igi ar aRematebodes gadafasebis rezervis angariSis sakredito naSTs. bass-
is mixedviT, sakuTar kapitalSi asaxuli dagrovili gadafasebidan mateba
SeiZleba gadatanil iqnes pirdapir gaunawilebel mogebaSi, rodesac nametis
realizeba moxdeba. aqtivis brunvidan amoRebisas an gasvlisas SesaZloa
realizebul iqnas mTliani nameti.
160
5.6. gudvilis aRricxva
gudvili - farTod gavrcelebuli terminia. igi ZiriTadad, sawarmos fass,

mis saqmian reputacias niSnavs. gudvilis warmoqmnis mizezebi SeiZleba iyos:
sawarmos kargi urTierTobebi masTan dakavSirebul sxva sawarmoebTan,
klientebTan, TanamSromlebTan; sando mimwodeblis reputacia; Sromis kargi
organizacia; efeqturi sareklamo politika; saqonlis (produqciis, momsaxurebis)
gasaRebis efeqturi sistema; zogadad, kargi menejmenti; muSaobis kargi an
SeRavaTiani normatul-samarTlebrivi reJimi da dabegvris sistema; maRali
sakredito reitingi; mogebis saSualo-dargobrivze maRali norma; kargi
geografiuli mdebareoba da sxva.
gudvili aramyari kategoriaa. igi SeiZleba mkveTr cvlilebebs ganicdides
an daikargos kidec, imave mizezebis gamo, romliTac igi warmoiqmna.
gudvili sawarmos an misi damoukidebeli nawilis miwodebisas
(gaerTianebisas) warmoiqmneba da warmoadgens sxvaobas sawarmos SeZenis
Rirebulebasa da misi wminda aqtivebis sarealizacio Rirebulebas Soris. swored
imis gamo, rom gudvili sawarmos an misi damoukidebeli nawilis miwodebisas
(gaerTianebisas) ganisazRvreba, sxva aqtivebTan erTad arsebobs da ar SeiZleba
calke damoukidebel saaRricxo erTeulad iqnas miCneuli. bass-38 -
àramaterialuri aqtivebi~ moiTxovs aramaterialuri aqtivebis
identificirebadobas gudvilisagan maTi gamijvnis mizniT.
`gudvili warmoadgens myidvelis mier iseTi aqtivebidan momavali
ekonomikuri sargeblis miRebisaTvis Sesrulebul gadaxdas, romelTa cal-calke
gansazRvra da aRiareba SeuZlebelia. momavali ekonomikuri sargebeli
SesaZlebelia warmoiqmnas Sesyidul identificirebadi aqtivebisa da im aqtivebis
erToblivi gamoyenebidan, romlebic individualurad ar kvalificirdeba
finansur angariSgebaSi aRiarebisaTvis, magram romlebisTvisac myidveli mzad
aris gadaixados sawarmoTa gaerTianebis dros~ (bass 38). maSasadame, gudvili
aris momavali ekonomikuri sargebeli, romelic warmoiSoba iseTi aqtivebidan,
romlebic individualurad ver ganisazRvreba da verc calke iqneba aRiarebuli.
igivenairad ganmartavs gudvils fass 3, romelic aRiarebs, rom gudvili
unda ganisazRvros misi bunebis TvalsazrisiT da ara misi gazomvadobiT. kerZod,
fass-i gudvils gansazRvravs, rogorc im aqtivebis Sedegad momavalSi misaReb
ekonomikur sargebels, romelTa damoukideblad gansazRvra da gancalkevebulad
aRiareba SeuZlebelia. cxadia, gudvili sawarmos saqmianobis mTeli periodis
ganmavlobaSi arsebobs, magram finansur angariSgebaSi mxolod misi SeZenisas
(gaerTianebisas) aisaxeba.
161
zogjer danaxarjebis gaweva xdeba momavali ekonomikuri sargeblis
misaRebad, Tumca am danaxarjebis Sedegad ar warmoiqmneba aramaterialuri
aqtivi, romelic akmayofilebs aqtivad aRiarebis bass-iT gaTvaliswinebul
kriteriumebs. aseT danaxarjebs xSirad ganixilaven rogorc danaxarjebs,
romlebic xels uwyobs sawarmoSi warmoqmnili gudvilis gazrdas.
bass-is mixedviT, sawarmoSi warmoqmnili gudvilis aqtivad aRiareba ar
xdeba, radgan is ar aris sawarmos mier kontrolirebuli identificirebadi
resursi, romlis Rirebulebis saimedod Sefaseba SesaZlebelia. e.i. sawarmoSi
warmoqmnili gudvili arc gancalkevebadia da arc saxelSekrulebo an sxva
iuridiuli uflebebidanaa warmoSobili.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, warmoSobis mixedviT gudvili SeiZleba iyos
Cveuli (damaxasiaTebeli) da SeZenili. Cveuli (damaxasiaTebeli) anu sawarmos
SigniT, misi saqmianobisas formirebuli gudvili zemoT CamoTvlili erT-erTi
mizezis gamo warmoiqmneba, magram igi identificirebas ar eqvemdebareba da misi
Sefaseba Zalzed Znelia. sawarmoSi formirebuli gudvilis arsebobis
gacnobiereba SesaZlebelia, magram igi aqtivis saxiT ar aRiricxeba da
Sesabamisad, finansur angariSgebaSi ar aisaxeba. SeZenili gudvili igive,
sawarmos SigniT formirebuli gudvilia, romelic sawarmos miwodebisas
(gaerTianebisas) warmoiqmneba da Rirebuleba gaaCnia. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sawarmos
SeZenisas myidveli imaze mets (an naklebs) ixdis, vidre am sawarmos calk-calke
aRebuli wminda aqtivebis realuri sabazro Rirebulebaa, sxvaoba gudvilad
iwodeba da igi SeZenili gudvilia. e. i. gudvils Rirebuleba gaaCnia, romelic
sawarmos SeZenisas, (gaerTianebisas) anu maszed mesakuTris Secvlisas
warmoiqmneba da maSasadame, SeZenili sawarmos balansSi aramaterialuri
aqtivebis SemadgenlobaSi calke muxlad aisaxeba. `sawarmoTa gaerTianebaSi
SeZenili gudvili myidvelma sawarmom SeZenis dRidan unda aRiaros aqtivis
saxiT, romelic Tavdapirvelad Sefasebuli iqneba, rogorc sawarmoTa
gaerTianebis Rirebulebis gadameteba myidveli sawarmos wilebze, SeZenili
sawarmos identificirebadi aqtivebis, valdebulebebisa da pirobiTi
valdebulebebis wminda realur RirebulebaSi~ (fass 3). amasTan, fass-i moiTxovs,
rom sawarmoTa yvela gaerTianebis buRaltruli aRricxva moxdes mxolod
SeZenis meTodiT.
SeZenis meTodi sawarmoTa gaerTianebas ganixilavs im gaerTianebuli
sawarmos perspeqtividan, romelic ganisazRvreba, rogorc myidveli. SeZenis
meTodis gamoyeneba gulisxmobs: myidveli sawarmos gansazRvras, sawarmoTa
gaerTianebis Rirebulebis Sefasebas, SeZenis dRes sawarmoTa gaerTianebis
162
Rirebulebis ganawilebas SeZenil aqtivebze, valdebulebebze da savaraudo
pirobiT valdebulebebze.
myidvelma sawarmom SeZenis dRes:
unda aRiaros sawarmoTa gaerTianebisas SeZenili gudvili, rogorc aqtivi; da
gudvilis Tavdapirveli Sefaseba TviTRirebulebiT, romelic aris sawarmoTa
gaerTianebis Rirebulebis nameti Tanxa myidveli sawarmos wilze
identificirebadi aqtivebis, valdebulebebisa da pirobiTi valdebulebebis
wminda realur RirebulebaSi (fass 3), romelic aRiarebulia fass-is mixedviT,
anu im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac SeiZleba maTi realuri Rirebuleba saimedod
Sefasdes.
`sawarmoTa gaerTianebisas SeZenili gudvili aris safasuri, romelic
gadaxdilia myidveli sawarmos mier ekonomikuri sargeblis miRebis imediT
samomavlod, iseTi aqtivebidan, romlebic ar SeiZleba individualurad
ganisazRvros da calke aRiardes~ (fass 3).
ramdenadac SeZenili sawarmos identificirebadi aqtivebi, valdebulebebi
da pirobiTi valdebulebebi SeZenis TariRisaTvis ar akmayofilebs aqtivad
calke aRiarebis kriteriumebs, es sabolood gavlenas axdens Tanxaze, romelic
aRiarebulia gudvilis saxiT. ase imitom xdeba, rom gudvili Sefasebulia,
rogorc sawarmoTa gaerTianebis Rirebuleba, romelic rCeba SeZenili sawarmos
identificirebadi aqtivebis, valdebulebebisa da pirobiTi valdebulebebis
aRiarebis Semdeg.
magaliTi:
2012 wlis 1 ivliss A sawarmom SeiZina B sawarmo, gaerTianebis gziT, 2000 aT. Ll.
balansi sawarmoTa gaerTianebamde
sawarmoebi A B
aT. Llari aT. Llari
aqtivebi
mimdinare aqtivebi 800 600
grZelvadiani aqtivebi 2200 1400
sul aqtivebi 3000 2000
valdebulebebi
mimdinare valdebulebebi 500 300
grZelvadiani valdebulebebi 700 400
sul valdebulebebi 1200 700
sakuTari kapitali 1800 1300
sul valdebulebebi da kapitali 3000 2000
163
B sawarmos identificirebadi aqtivebis da valdebulebebis realuri Rirebuleba
2012 wlis 1 ivlisisaTvis:
aT. lari
aqtivebi
mimdinare aqtivebi 600
grZelvadiani aqtivebi 1800
sul aqtivebi 2400
valdebulebebi
mimdinare valdebulebebi 400
grZelvadiani valdebulebebi 600
1000
gudvili Sefasebulia, rogorc sawarmoTa gaerTianebis Rirebulebis gadameteba

identificirebadi aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis wminda realur Rirebulebaze.
amitom gudvili udris:
2000 aT. l. - (2400aT.l. 1000aT.l.) = 600 aT. lars.
d-ti - mimdinare aqtivebi - 600000;

d-ti - grZelvadiani aqtivebi 1800000;
d-ti - gudvili - 600000;
k-ti - fuladi saSualebebi - 2000000;
k-ti - mimdinare valdebulebebi - 400000;
k-ti - grZelvadiani valdebulebebi 600000.
konsolidirebuli balansi
2012 w. 1 ivlisisaTvis aT. lari
aqtivebi
mimdinare aqtivebi 1400
grZelvadiani aqtivebi 4000
gudvili 600
sul aqtivebi 6000
164
valdebulebebi
mimdinare valdebulebebi 900
grZelvadiani valdebulebebi 1300
sul valdebulebebi 2200
sakuTari kapitali (wilebis gadanawilebis Semdeg) 3800
sul valdebulebebi da kapitali 6000
gudvili SeiZleba iyos dadebiTi da uaryofiTi. ganxiluli yvela

SemTxveva dadebiTi gudvilis magaliTia. uaryofiTi gudvili sawinaaRmdego
SemTxvevaSi miiReba, e. i. roca sawarmos Sesyidvis Rirebuleba misi wminda (neto)
aqtivebis mimdinare sabazro Rirebulebaze naklebia. am SemTxvevaSi sxvaoba
gadaxdil Tanxasa da wminda (neto) aqtivebis mimdinare sabazro Rirebulebas
Soris unda aRiardes arasaoperacio Semosavlad.
Tavdapirveli aRiarebis Semdeg, myidvelma sawarmom sawarmoTa
gaerTianebaSi SeZenili gudvili unda Seafasos TviTRirebulebiT, romelsac
gamoakldeba mTeli dagrovili gaufasurebis zarali.
sawarmoTa gaerTianebisas SeZenili gudvili ar unda amortizirdebodes.
amis nacvlad, myidvelma sawarmom, gudvili unda Seamowmos gaufasurebaze
yovelwliurad, an ufro xSirad, Tu movlenebi da Secvlili garemoebebi
mianiSneben, rom is SeiZleba gaufasurebuli iyos bass 36-is àqtivebis
gaufasureba~ Sesabamisad.
165
Tavi VI. valdebulebebis aRricxva
6.1. valdebulebebis warmoqmna da maTi

klasifikacia
valdebuleba gasuli periodis sameurneo operaciebisa da movlenebis Sede-
gad warmoiqmneba. magaliTad, valdebuleba SeiZleba warmoiqmnas saqonlis SeZenis
an momsaxurebis miRebis Sedegad, romelic savaWro valdebulebas warmoadgens,
sesxis miRebis Sedegad warmoiqmneba sasesxo valdebuleba da a.S.
finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisa da wardgenis struqturuli

safuZvlebis mixedviT, valdebuleba sawarmos mimdinare periodis movaleobaa, ro-
melic warmoiqmneba warsuli sameurneo movlenebis Sedegad da romlis Sesrule-
ba gulisxmobs sawarmos ekonomikur sargebelSi ganivTebuli resursebis gasvlas
sawarmodan. valdebuleba aris sawarmos movaleoba an pasuxismgebloba, romlis
Sesruleba garkveul normebs eqvemdebareba. valdebuleba ganisazRvreba, rogorc
momavalSi ekonomikuri sargeblis SesaZlo uaryofa, romelic warsulSi
momxdari operaciebiT an movlenebiTaa ganpirobebuli.
maSasadame, finansur angariSgebaSi, kerZod, balansSi valdebulebebis

arseboba ganpirobebulia gasuli saangariSgebo periodis im operaciebiTa da
movlenebiT, romelTa gadaxda imave periodSi ar momxdara da ganvadebulia
saTanado SeTanxmebiT. aseTi operaciebi da movlenebi SeiZleba iyos: saqonlis
SeZena an momsaxurebis miReba, sesxis aReba, sagadasaxado Tu sxva sakanonmdeblo
moTxovnebiT warmoqmnili valdebulebebi.
valdebulebebi Sefasdeba im TanxiT, an faseulobebis RirebulebiT,
romelic saWiroa maT dasafaravad. valdebulebebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebia:
valdebulebis arseboba, romlis Sesruleba momavalSi sxva sawarmoebze
aqtivebis gadacemiT an momsaxurebis gaweviT SeiZleba;
sameurneo movlena, romelmac gamoiwvia mocemuli valdebuleba, ukve moxda;
valdebulebis warmoqmna unda iyos sinamdvile (situacia, roca valdebuleba
SeiZleba rogorc warmoqmnas, ise ar warmoqmnas).
valdebulebebi warmoiqmneba savaWro, sasesxo da saangariSsworebo

operaciebis Sedegad, romelic momavalSi unda iqnes gadaxdili.
dafarvis vadebis mixedviT valdebulebebi iyofa moklevadian (mimdinare) da
grZelvadian valdebulebebad, anu kreditorul davalianebebad.
166
bass 1 `finansuri angariSgebis wardgenis~ mixedviT, valdebuleba
CaiTvleba moklevadian valdebulebad, Tu is akmayofilebs romelime Semdeg
pirobas:
misi dafarva mosalodnelia Cveulebrivi sawarmoo ciklis ganmavlobaSi;
ZiriTadad, gamoiyeneba savaWro daniSnulebiT;
unda daifaros balansis Sedgenis TariRidan 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi;
sawarmos ar gaaCnia valdebulebis dafarvis gadavadebis upirobo ufleba,
balansis Sedgenis TariRidan sul cota 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi.
yvela sxva valdebuleba iTvleba grZelvadian valdebulebad.

moklevadiani (mimdinare) valdebulebebi, mimdinare aqtivebis msgavsad iyofa
jgufebad. zogierTi moklevadiani valdebuleba, rogoricaa savaWro
valdebulebebi, daricxvebi TanamSromlebisaTvis da sxva sawarmoo xarjebi,
Seadgens sabrunavi kapitalis nawils, romelic gamoiyeneba sawarmos saqmianobis
Cveulebriv ciklSi. isini moklevadian valdebulebebad klasificirdeba maSinac
ki, Tu maTi dafarva gaTvaliswinebulia balansis Sedgenis TariRidan 12 Tvis
Semdeg. roca sawarmos saoperacio cikli zustad ar aris gansazRvruli,
igulisxmeba, rom igi Seadgens 12 Tves.
zogierTi moklevadiani valdebuleba, rogoricaa, finansuri
valdebulebebi, sabanko overdrafti, gadasaxdeli dividendebi, mogebis
gadasaxadi, grZelvadiani valdebulebebis mimdinare nawili, ar warmoadgens
mimdinare sawarmoo ciklis nawils, magram maTi gadaxda gaTvaliswinebulia
balansis Sedgenis TariRidan 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi, an ZiriTadad, gamoiyeneba
savaWro daniSnulebiT.
bass 1-is Tanaxmad, sawarmom Tavisi finansuri valdebulebebis
klasifikacia unda moaxdinos, rogorc moklevadiani, Tu isini gadaxdas
eqvemdebareba balansis Sedgenis TariRidan 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi, im SemTxvevaSic
ki, roca:
maTi gadaxdis pirvandeli vada 12 Tveze meti iyo;
sawarmos miRweuli aqvs SeTanxmeba valdebulebebis refinansirebis Sesaxeb,
grZelvadiani pirobebiT da aRniSnuli SeTanxmeba mTavrdeba balansis
Sedgenis TariRis Semdeg, finansuri angariSgebis gamosaqveyneblad
xelmoweris TariRamde.
moklevadiani valdebulebebi SeiZleba dajgufdes: faqtiur, SefasebiT da

pirobiT valdebulebebad.
167
faqtiuri valdebulebebi warmoiqmneba xelSekrulebebis an sakanonmdeblo
moTxovnebis safuZvelze. aseTi valdebulebebis odenoba SeiZleba zustad
ganisazRvros. faqtiur valdebulebebs miekuTvneba: valdebulebebi mowodebiT da
momsaxurebiT, gasanaRdebeli Tamasuqebi, gadasaxdeli gadasaxadebi, gadasaxdeli
xelfasi da a.S.
SefasebiTi valdebulebebi warmoadgenen mosalodnel valdebulebebs da
amdenad, maTi zusti Tanxis gansazRvra konkretuli TariRis (an faqtis)
dadgomamde SeuZlebelia. aseTi valdebulebebia: valdebulebebi sagarantio
momsaxurebisaTvis, gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadi, gadasaxdeli qonebis
gadasaxadi da sxva.
pirobiTi valdebulebebi jer kidev ar arsebuli, potenciuri
valdebulebebia, romelTa warmoqmnac damokidebulia warsuli garigebidan
gamomdinare, momavalSi ganviTarebul movlebeze. aseT valdebulebebs
warmoadgens: valdebulebebi xelSekrulebis pirobebis darRvevisaTvis,
sasarCelo valdebulebebi, valdebulebebi sxvadasxva jarimebiT, sauravebiT da
a.S.
moklevadiani (mimdinare) valdebulebebia:
savaWro kreditoruli valdebulebebi;
moklevadiani sesxebi;
sagadasaxado valdebulebebi;
daricxuli valdebulebebi
grZelvadiani valdebulebebis mimdinare nawili da sxva.
grZelvadian valdebulebebs miekuTvneba:

grZelvadiani sesxebi;
gasanaRdebeli obligaciebi;
gasanaRdebeli Tamasuqebi;
finansuri ijariT warmoqmnili valdebulebebi da sxva.
valdebulebebis dafarva SeiZleba sxavadasxva gziT moxdes. aseTebia:

fulis gadaxdiT;
sxva aqtivebis gadacemiT;
momsaxurebis gaweviT;
erTi valdebulebis sxva valdebulebiT SecvliT;
valdebulebis gadaqceviT sakuTar kapitalad;
kreditorebis mier misaReb Tanxebze uariT an maTze uflebis CamorTmeviT.
168
6.2. moklevadiani valdebulebebis aRricxva
6.2.1. savaWro kreditoruli valdebulebebis
aRricxva
savaWro kreditoruli valdebulebebi warmoadgenen saqonlis (samuSaoebis,

momsaxurebis) miwodebiT warmoqmnil moklevadian valdebulebebs, anu
kreditorul davalianebebs. kreditoruli davalianebis vada ganisazRvreba
mimwodeblis mier, rogorc miwodebis piroba, Sesabamisi xelSekrulebiT.
miwodebiT warmoqmnili valdebulebebis moculoba ganisazRvreba miwodebis
damadasturebeli dokumentebiT da aisaxeba buRaltrul aRricxvaSi. amrigad,
savaWro kreditoruli valdebulebebi kreditiT (Semdgomi gadaxdis pirobiT)
miwodebis SemTxvevaSi warmoiqmneba, e. i. rodesac miwodebisa da momsaxurebis
gadaxda ganvadebulia droSi da garkveuli (SeTanxmebuli) periodis Semdeg unda
moxdes. savaWro valdebulebebis warmoqmna SeiZleba dakavSirebuli iyos
kreditoruli davalianebis gadaxdis vadis darRvevasTan, sawarmos finansuri
siZneleebis, Tu sxva mizezebis gamo valis droulad gadauxdelobasTan.
savaWro kreditorul valdebulebebs ganekuTvneba:
valdebulebebi mowodebiT da momsaxurebiT;
saTamasuqo valdebulebebi;
valdebulebebi miRebuli avansebiT.L
savaWro valdebulebebis aRiareba xdeba maSin, rodesac miRebul saqonelze
(samuSaoebze, momsaxurebaze) yvela riski da sargebeli myidvel sawarmos
gadaecema.
buRaltrul aRricxvaSi savaWro valdebulebebis aRsaricxavad gamoiyeneba
angariSi `miwodebiT da momsaxurebiT warmoqmnili valdebulebebi~. igi pasiuri
angariSia, romlis kreditSi valdebulebis warmoqmna, xolo debetSi am
valdebulebis dafarva Caiwereba. aqedan gamomdinare, konkretuli TariRisaTvis,
am angariSis saldo gadauxdel valdebulebas warmoadgens, romelsac mudmivad
unda mieqces yuradReba, raTa ar moxdes Sesabamisi xelSekrulebebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis darRveva. mowodebiT valdebulebis warmoqmna
gatardeba:
d-ti sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebi (aRricxvis mudmivi meTodis
gamoyenebisas) an
d-ti SeZenili maragebis TviTRirebuleba (maragebis aRricxvis perioduli
meTodis gamoyenebisas);
k-ti - mowodebidan da momsaxurebidan warmoqmnili valdebulebebi.
169
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sawarmo dRg-s gadamxdelia, sasaqonlo-materialuri
maragebis SeZenisas gadaxdili d.R.g unda aisaxos Sesabamisi angariSis
`gadaxdili dRg~-s debetSi:
gamoyenebisas) an
d-ti gadaxdili dRg (aqcizi);
k-ti - mowodebidan da momsaxurebidan warmoqmnili valdebulebebi.
mowodebiT warmoqmnili valdebulebebis gadaxda gatardeba:

d-ti - mowodebidan da momsaxurebidan warmoqmnili valdebulebebi;
k-ti fuladi saSualebebis Sesabamisi angariSebi.
xelSekruleba kreditiT mowodebis Sesaxeb, SeiZleba damatebiT pirobebsac

iTvaliswinebdes. magaliTad, aseTi SeiZleba iyos myidvelis stimulireba
davalianebis vadaze adre dafarvisaTvis, fasdaTmobis ganakveTis gansazrvriT.
myidvelsa da gamyidvels Soris dadebul xelSekrulebaSi aseTis arsebobisas,
myidvelma sawarmom fasdaTmobis pirobiT ganxorcielebuli operacia SeiZleba
asaxos ori meTodiT: mTliani Tanxis, an wminda (neto) Tanxis meTodiT.
mTliani Tanxis meTodis gamoyenebisas, myidveli sawarmo jer asaxavs
valdebulebas mTliani TanxiT:
gamoyenebisas) an
d-ti gadaxdili d.R.g. (aqcizi);
k-ti - miwodebidan da momsaxurebidan warmoqmnili valdebulebebi.
Semdeg ki, davalianebis vadamde gadaxdisa da fasdaTmobis uflebis miRebisas,

moaxdens koreqtirebas:
gamoyenebisas) an
d-ti gadaxdili dRg (aqcizi);
170
k-ti - mowodebidan da momsaxurebidan warmoqmnili valdebulebebi
(fasdaTmobiT Semcirebuli TanxiT);
k-ti arasaoperacio Semosavali (fasdaTmobis TanxiT).
mowodebiT warmoqmnili valdebulebebis gadaxda gatardeba:

d-ti - mowodebidan da momsaxurebidan warmoqmnili valdebulebebi;
k-ti fuladi saSualebebis Sesabamisi angariSebi.
magaliTi:
sawarmom 2012 wlis 5 marts SeiZina saqoneli fasdaTmobis pirobiT. saqonlis
Rirebuleba - 10000 lari; davalianebis dafarvis vada _ 30 dRe; 10 dReSi
dafarvis SemTxvevaSi fasdaTmoba - 5%.
1. 5.03.2012 w. saqonlis SeZena:
d-ti saqoneli - 10000; an
d-ti SeZenili maragebis TviTRirebuleba - 10000;
k-ti - valdebulebebi mowodebidan - 10000.
2. a) 13.03.2012 w. sawarmom gadaixada momwodeblebis davalianeba 9500 lari [10000

_ (10000 X 5%)], anu isargebla fasdaTmobiT:
d-ti _ valdebulebebi mowodebidan - 10000;
k-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi - 9500;
k-ti _ arasaoperacio Semosavlebi - 500.
b) 3.04.2012 w. sawarmom gadaixada momwodeblebis davalianeba 10000 lari, anu ver

gamoiyena fasdaTmobis SesaZlebloba:
k-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi - 10000.
wminda (neto) Tanxis meTodis gamoyenebisas, sawarmo valdebulebis

warmoqmnas asaxavs buRaltruli gatarebiT:
gamoyenebisas) an
d-ti gadaxdili d.R.g. (aqcizi);
171
k-ti - mowodebidan da momsaxurebidan warmoqmnili valdebulebebi
(fasdaTmobiT Semcirebuli TanxiT);
k-ti arasaoperacio Semosavali (fasdaTmobis TanxiT).
xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu man ver isargebla miniWebuli fasdaTmobis gamoyenebis
uflebiT, fasdaTmobis TanxiT moaxdens koreqtirebas:
d-ti arasaoperacio Semosavali;
k-ti - miwodebidan da momsaxurebidan warmoqmnili valdebulebebi.
magaliTi:
sawarmom 2012 wlis 5 marts SeiZina saqoneli fasdaTmobis pirobiT. saqonlis
Rirebuleba - 10000 lari; davalianebis dafarvis vada _ 30 dRe; 10 dReSi
dafarvis SemTxvevaSi fasdaTmoba - 5%.
1. 5.03.2012 w. saqonlis SeZena:
d-ti saqoneli - 10000; an
d-ti SeZenili maragebis TviTRirebuleba - 10000;
k-ti - valdebulebebi mowodebidan - 9500;
k-ti - arasaoperacio Semosavlebi - 500.
2. a) 13.03.2012 w. sawarmom gadaixada momwodeblebis davalianeba 9500 lari [10000

_ (10000 X 5%)], anu isargebla fasdaTmobiT:
b) 3.04.2012 w. sawarmom gadaixada momwodeblebis davalianeba 10000 lari, anu ver

gamoiyena fasdaTmobis SesaZlebloba:
1. d-ti _ arasaoperacio Semosavlebi - 500;
k-ti - valdebulebebi mowodebidan - 500.
2. d-ti _ valdebulebebi mowodebidan - 10000;
172
6.2.2. moklevadiani Tamasuqebis
aRricxva
valdebulebebi miwodebiT da momsaxurebiT SesaZlebelia, ormxrivi

SeTanxmebiT, saTamasuqo valdebulebad gardaiqmnas, Sesabamisi procentis
gadaxdiT.
Tamasuqi fasiani qaRaldia, romelic werilobiT savalo valdebulebas
warmoadgens da gasanaRdebel Tamasuqad iwodeba. gasanaRdebeli kreditoruli
Tamasuqebis ZiriTad wyaros bankis sesxebi, saqonlisa da momsaxurebisaTvis
savalo gadaxdebi warmoadgenen. kreditoruli Tamasuqebi ori saxisaa:
Cveulebrivi Tamasuqebi;
sargeblis nominalSi Semcveli Tamasuqebi.
Cveulebrivi Tamasuqi saSualebas iZleva masze dasaricxi sargebeli calke

iqnas aRricxuli. sargeblis nominalSi Semcvel Tamasuqebze dasaricxi
sargeblis gadaxda ki Tamasuqis gacemisas, winaswar xdeba diskontirebis gziT.
magaliTi:
sawarmo 1 noembers aiRo sesxi 10000 lari, wliuri 12 procentiani ganakveTiT 6
Tvis vadiT. sasesxo xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad sawarmom 6 Tvis Semdeg banks unda
daubrunos sesxad aRebuli 10000 lari da gadauxados sargebeli 600 lari (10000
X 12% X 6/12).
sawarmos SeuZlia sesxis pirobis dafiqsirebis mizniT banks gadasces
Cveulebrivi Tamasuqi, romelSic aRniSnuli iqneba: `1 noembridan 6 Tvis Semdeg
valdebuli var banks gadauxado 10000 lari, wliuri 12%-iani sargebliT~.
Tamasuqis gacemas sawarmo wminda (neto) RirebulebiT aRricxavs:
d-ti - erovnuli valuta bankSi - 10000;
k-ti - gasanaRdebeli moklevadiani Tamasuqebi - 10000.
yovelTviurad saprocento xarjebis mixedviT valdebulebis warmoqmna,

konkretuli Tvis saprocento xarjis TanxiT gatardeba:
d-ti _ saprocento xarji - 100;
k-ti _ gadasaxdeli procentebi - 100;
da a.S. yovelTviurad an balansis Sedgenis TariRisaTvis (200 lari (100 X 2Tve)).

Tamasuqis ganaRdeba gadaxdis vadis dadgomisas, gatardeba:
d-ti - gasanaRdebeli moklevadiani Tamasuqebi - 10000;
173
d-ti - gadasaxdeli procentebi - 600;
k-ti erovnuli valuta bankSi - 10600.
sawarmos SeuZlia gasces sargeblis nominalSi Semcveli Tamasuqi,

romelSic aisaxeba: `1 noembridan 6 Tvis Semdeg valdebuli var banks gadauxado
10600 lari~. sxvaoba TamasuqiT gasanaRdebel Tanxasa da faqtiurad sesxis saxiT
miRebul Tanxas Soris saprocento xarjia. am SemTxvevaSi, mTliani TanxiT
aRricxvis meTodis gamoyenebiT, Sedgeba buRaltruli gatarebebi:
1. Tamasuqis gacemisas:
d-ti - erovnuli valuta bankSi - 10000;
d-ti gasanaRdebeli moklevadiani Tamasuqebis diskonti - 600;
k-ti - gasanaRdebeli moklevadiani Tamasuqebi - 10600;
2. saprocento xarjis daricxva yovelTviurad (100 lari) an balansis Sedgenis

TariRisaTvis (200 lari):
d-ti - saprocento xarji - 200;
k-ti - gasanaRdebeli moklevadiani Tamasuqebis diskonti - 200;
3. ganaRdebis TariRisaTvis:
d-ti - gasanaRdebeli moklevadiani Tamasuqebi - 10600;
pirvel SemTxvevaSi Tamasuqis nominaluri Rirebuleba sesxad aRebuli

Tanxis tolia, meore SemTxvevaSi ki, metia sesxze 600 lariT, rac gadaxdil
sargebels warmoadgens.
maSasadame, pirveli tipis Tamasuqze yovelTviurad daricxuli sargebeli
aRiricxeba angariSze `saprocento xarjebi~, rac Seexeba sargeblis nominalSi
Semcveli Tamasuqis gacemisas gadaxdil sargebels, igi e. w. saTamasuqo
valdebulebis diskontis amortizaciis meSveobiT TandaTan `gardaiqmneba~ sesxad
aRebuli TanxisaTvis gadaxdil `saprocento xarjebad~. orive SemTxvevaSi
Tamasuqebis ganaRdebis dRisaTvis `saprocento xarjebis~ angariSis naSTi 600
lari iqneba, rac imaze migviTiTebs, rom orive SemTxvevaSi xdeba erTi da igive
garigebis sxvadasxva interpretacia.
174
6.2.3. avansebisa da dasabrunebeli
depozitebis aRricxva.
avansebisa da depozitebis miReba myidvelebTan da sxva komerciul

kontragentebTan urTierTobis sakmaod gavrcelebuli formaa.
magaliTad, SekveTis miRebisas sawarmom SeiZleba moiTxovos avansi,
romelic man SeiZleba, da amis ufleba aqvs, daakavos Tu myidveli Semdgom uars
ityvis SekveTaze. mocemul SemTxvevaSi, avansi gamoiyeneba im zaralis
dasafaravad, romelsac sawarmo aseT situaciaSi ganicdis.
depozitebi igive miznebisaTvis gamoiyeneba. magaliTad, igi SeiZleba
dakavebul iqnas, Tu sawarmos kontragenti, romelsac droebiT gadaeca misi
sakuTreba, am sakuTrebas zians miayenebs.
e. i. avansebi da depozitebi sadazRvevo funqcias asruleben da sawarmos
kontragentebis mier saxelSekrulebo pirobebis dacvis stimuls warmoadgenen.
avansebi da depozitebi angariSgebaSi aisaxebian fuladi saSualebebis
angariSebis dadebetebiTa da maTTvis specialurad gamoyofili pasiuri
angariSis, mag., myidvelebis depozitebis angariSis dakreditebiT.
winaswar miRebuli Semosavlebis aRricxva.

termini `winaswar miRebuli Semosavlebi~ axasiaTebs situacias, roca
sawarmo Rebulobs fulad saSualebebs jer kidev miuwodebeli saqonlis an
gauweveli momsaxurebisaTvis. yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma aseTi Semosavlebisa,
aris samgzavro bileTebis gayidva, Jurnal-gazeTebze xelmowera, winaswar
gadaxdili saijaro qira da a.S.
aseTi Semosavlebi ar SeiZleba GCaiTvalos Semosavlad manam, sanam
gaweuli ar iqneba am Semosavlebis momtani momsaxureba an ar moxdeba Sesabamisi
saqonlis miwodeba.
amitom, winaswar miRebuli Semosavlebi aisaxeba rogorc fuladi
saSualebebis zrda, da Sesabamisi valdebulebebis warmoqmna. valdebulebebis
warmoqmnis aRsaricxavad gamoiyeneba specialuri pasiuri angariSi - `miRebuli
avansebi~ an `winaswar miRebuli Semosavlebi~. xSirad am angariSis saxelwodebis
dakonkreteba xdeba Semosavlis wyaros mixedviT.
saqonlis miwodebis an momsaxurebis gawevis Semdeg, romlebic adre iyo
ganaRdebuli, `miRebuli avansebi~-s angariSi mcirdeba miwodebuli saqonlis an
gaweuli momsaxurebis TanxiT da Sesabamisi `Semosavlebi~-s angariSi
dakreditdeba. es gatareba koreqtirebad gatarebas warmoadgens da saaRricxvo
periodis bolos keTdeba.
175
winaswar miRebuli `daumsaxurebeli~ Semosavlebi, romelTa mixedviTac
jer ar momxdara saqonlis miwodeba an momsaxurebis gaweva - gadaitaneba momaval
saaRricxvo periodSi valdebulebebis saxiT da aisaxeba balansSi, sxva
valdebulebebs Soris.
6.3. sagadasaxado valdebulebebis

aRricxva
sagadasaxado kanonmdebloma moiTxovs sxvadasxva gadasaxadebis

gaangariSebas, daricxvas da biujetebTan (centralur an adgilobriv
biujetebTan) angariSsworebas.
buRaltrul aRricxvaSi, gadasaxadebis amgvari daricxva mesame piris
sasargeblod valdebulebis warmoqmnas niSnavs.
saqarTveloSi gadasaxadebi da masTan dakavSirebuli normebi sagadasaxado
kodeqsiT regulirdeba. swored am normebzea damokidebuli calkeuli
gadasaxadis mixedviT warmoqmnili valdebulebis Tanxis odenoba da sawarmos
buRaltrul aRricxvaSi misi asaxvis wesi.
sagadasaxado valdebulebebis aRsaricxavad moqmedi angariSTa gegmiT
gaTvaliswinebulia angariSebis jgufi 3300 `sagadasaxado valdebulebebi~.
6.3.1. damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadis

aRricxva
piri, romelic registrirebulia dRg-s gadamxdelad, valdebulia

yovelTviurad, biujetis sasargeblod gadaixados dRg, ramdenadac dRg-s
saangariSo periodad iTvleba kalendaruli Tve.
dRg-s aRsaricxavad buRaltrul aRricxvaSi gamoiyeneba ori angariSi:
`gadaxdili dRg~ da `gadasaxdeli dRg~. dRg-s gadamxdelad registrirebuli
piri d.R.g.-T dabegrili faseulobebis SeZenisas gadaxdil dRg-s gamoyofs
faseulobebis Rirebulebidan, rogorc ukandasabrunebel, CasaTvlel gadasaxads
da asaxavs misTvis gankuTvnil angariSze `gadaxdili dRg~:
d-ti maragebis angariSebi (mudmivi meTodis gamoyenebisas); an
d-ti - SeZenili maragebis TviTRirebuleba (perioduli meTodiT);
d-ti - gadaxdili dRg;
k-ti - fuladi saSualebebi; an
176
k-ti - valdebulebebi mowodebiT.
imis gamo, rom dRg-T dabegvris obieqti sawarmos Semosavalia, saxelmwifo
biujetis winaSe valdebulebis warmoqmna Semosavlis aRiarebis momentSi,
miwodebisTanave xdeba da aisaxeba gatarebiT:
dti - fuladi saSualebebi, an
dti - moTxovnebi miwodebiT da momsaxurebiT;
k-ti Semosavali realizaciidan;
k-ti gadasaxdeli dRg.
dasabegri brunvidan biujetSi Sesatani dRg-s Tanxa ganisazRvreba, rogorc

sxvaoba dasabegr brunvaze daricxul da CasaTvlel dRg-s Tanxebs Soris:
dti gadasaxdeli dRg;
kti gadaxdili dRg;
kti fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi.
magaliTi:
sawarmom, romelis dRg-gadamxdelia, oqtombris TveSi ganaxorciela Semdegi

sameurneo operaciebi:
1. SeZenilia saqoneli naRdi angariSworebiT. angariS-faqturis monacemebiT:
saqonlis Rirebuleba 50000 laria, dRg 9000 lari;
2. oqtombris TveSi saqonlis naRdi angariSsworebiT realizaciidan

miRebulia Semosavali 80000 lari, dRg 14400 lari;
3. 31 oqtombers sawarmom biujetis sasargeblod gadaixada kuTvnili dRg.
1. saqonlis SeZena:
d-ti _ gadaxdili dRg 9000;
k-ti _ naRdi fuli - 59000.
2. saqonlis realizacia:
d-ti _ naRdi fuli - 94400;
k-ti _ gadasaxdeli dRg - 14400.
177
3. dRg-s kuTvnili Tanxis gadaxda:
gaangariSeba:
a) gadasaxdeli dRg 14400 lari;
b) gadaxdili dRg - 9000 lari;
g) gadasaricxia biujetSi 5400 lari (14400 - 9000).
1. gadaxdili dRg-s CaTvla:
d-ti _ gadasaxdeli dRg - 9000;
k-ti _ gadaxdili dRg - 9000.
2. gadasaxadis gadaricxva:
d-ti _ gadasaxdeli dRg - 5400;
k-ti _ erovnuli valuta bankSi 5400.
6.3.2. mogebis gadasaxadis

aRricxva
saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobiT, mogebis gadasaxadis gadamxdelia:

saqarTvelos sawarmo;
ucxouri sawarmo, romelic saqarTveloSi saqmianobas axorcielebs mudmivi
dawesebulebis meSveobiT da/an Semosavals iRebs saqarTveloSi arsebuli
wyarodan.
sawarmos mogebis gadasaxadiT dabegvris obieqtia dasabegri mogeba,

romelic ganisazRvreba sawarmos erTobliv Semosavalsa da sagadasaxado
kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli gamoqviTvebis Tanxebs Soris sxvaobiT.
bass-iT dasabegri (sagadasaxado) mogeba (sagadasaxado zarali) aris Sesa-

bamisi sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis maregulirebeli wesebiT gansazRvruli saan-
gariSgebo periodis mogeba (zarali), romlis mixedviTac xdeba gadasaxadis ga-
daxda (dabruneba).
dasabegri mogeba ibegreba sagadasaxado kodeqsiT dadgenili ganakveTiT.

amJamad moqmedi normiT, es ganakveTi 15%-ia.
178
sxva gadasaxadebTan SedarebiT, mogebis gadasaxadis aRricxva rTulia. es
sirTule mdgomareobs SemdegSi: jer erTi, unda ganisazRvros saangariSgebo
periodis dasabegri mogeba, romelic gansxvavdeba saaRricxvo (finansuri)
mogebisagan, xarjebis gamoqviTvisas sagadasaxado kodeqsiT dadgenili
SezRudvebiT.
saaRricxvo mogeba aris saangariSgebo periodis wminda mogebis an zaralis

Tanxa sagadasaxado xarjis gamoqviTvamde.
sagadasaxado xarji (sagadasaxado Semosavali) aris saangariSgebo periodis

wminda mogebis an zaralis gansazRvrisas gamoyenebuli mimdinare da gadavadebu-
li gadasaxadebis mTliani Tanxa.
gadavadebuli sagadasaxado valdebuleba aris dasabegri droebiTi sxvaobiT

gamowveuli, momaval saangariSgebo periodebSi gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadis
Tanxa.
meore, mogebis gadasaxadi warmoadgens mimdinare gadasaxads. mimdinare ga-
dasaxadi aris saangariSgebo periodis sagadasaxado mogebidan (sagadasaxado za-
ralidan) gadasaxdeli (dasabrunebeli) mogebis gadasaxadis Tanxa. es imas
niSnavs, rom sawarmom saangariSgebo wels mimdinare gadasaxdelebis saxiT,
winaswar (yovelkvartalurad) unda gadaixados gasuli sagadasaxado wlis
wliuri gadasaxadis mixedviT dadgenili odenoba.
gansxvaveba saaRricxvo mogebasa da sagadasaxado mogebas Soris SeiZleba
iyos mudmivi da droebiTi.
mudmivi sxvaoba niSnavs imas, rom am gansxvavebis kompensireba ar moxdeba.
es ZiriTadad, exeba iseT danaxarjebs, romlebic araa dakavSirebuli ekonomikur
saqmianobasTan. droebiTi sxvaoba momaval saangariSgebo periodSi kompensirdeba.
igi SeiZleba warmoiqmnas gadavadebuli valdebulebis, an gadavadebuli aqtivis
saxiT. Tu saaRricxvo mogeba metia sagadasaxado mogebaze, warmoiqmneba
gadavadebuli sagadasaxado valdebuleba. gadavadebuli sagadasaxado
valdebuleba aris dasabegri droebiTi sxvaobiT warmoqmnili, momaval
saangariSgebo periodSi gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadis Tanxa.
Tu saaRricxvo mogeba naklebia sagadasaxado mogebaze, warmoiqmneba
gadavadebuli sagadasaxado aqtivi. igi aris mogebis gadasaxadis Tanxa, romelic
momaval saangariSgebo perodSi unda aRdges, rac dakavSirebulia:
gamosaqviT droebiT sxvaobebTan;

gamouyenebeli sagadasaxado zaralis momaval periodSi gadaxdasTan;
gamouyenebeli sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis momaval periodSi gadatanasTan.
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saaRricxvo mogebasa da sagadasaxado mogebas Soris gansxvavebebi,
romlebic dakavSirebulia xarjebis gamoqviTvebis saqarTvelos sagadasaxado
kodeqsiT dadgenil SezRudvebTan, SeiZleba iyos iseTi xarjebis gamoqviTvisas,
rogoricaa:
grZelvadiani aqtivebis cveTa da amortizacia;
ZiriTadi saSualebebis remonti;
sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis gadafasebis Sedegi mogeba an zarali;
saeWvo da uimedo moTxovnebi;
warmomadgenlobiTi xarjebi;
sesxiT sargeblobis xarjebi;
gadaxdili jarimebi da sauravebi;
mivlinebis xarjebi da sxva.
mogebis gadasaxadTan dakavSirebuli operaciebi buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba

gatarebebiT:
1. mogebis mimdinare gadasaxadis gadaxda:
d-ti winaswar gadaxdili mogebis gadasaxadi;
k-ti erovnuli valuta bankSi.
2. saangariSgebo periodis bolos, mogebis gadasaxadis daricxva:

a) Tu saaRricxvo mogeba da sagadasaxado mogeba tolia:
d-ti _ mogebis gadasaxadis xarji;
k-ti gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadi;
b) Tu saaRricxvo mogeba metia sagadasaxado mogebaze, warmoiqmneba

gadavadebuli sagadasaxado valdebuleba:
d-ti _ mogebis gadasaxadis xarji (saaRricxvo mogebis mixedviT);
k-ti gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadi (sagadasaxado mogebis mixedviT);
k-ti gadavadebuli sagadasaxado valdebuleba (sxvaobis TanxiT).
g) Tu saaRricxvo mogeba naklebia sagadasaxado mogebaze, warmoiqmneba

gadavadebuli sagadasaxado aqtivi:
d-ti _ mogebis gadasaxadis xarji (saaRricxvo mogebis mixedviT);
d-ti gadavadebuli sagadasaxado aqtivi (sxvaobis TanxiT);
k-ti gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadi (sagadasaxado mogebis mixedviT);
3. winaswar gadaxdili mogebis gadasaxadis CaTvla:

180
d-ti gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadi;
k-ti winaswar gadaxdili mogebis gadasaxadi.
4. biujetis kuTvnili gadasaxadis Tanxis gadaxda, romelic warmoadgens

sxvaobas gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadis Tanxasa da winaswar gadaxdili
mogebis gadasaxadis Tanxas Soris, anu gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadis
angariSis naSTs (saldos).
d-ti gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadi;
magaliTi:
sawarmom saangariSgebo periodSi gadaixada mogebis mimdinare gadasaxadi 2700

lari. saangariSgebo periodi daamTavra mogebiT. saaRricxvo mogebam Seadgina
36000 lari; sagadasaxado mogebam Seadgina 32000 lari. Sesabamisad, mogebis
gadasaxadi: saaRricxvo mogebis mixedviT 5400 lari, sagadasaxado mogebis
mixedviT 4800 lari.
1. mogebis mimdinare gadasaxadis gadaxda:

d-ti winaswar gadaxdili mogebis gadasaxadi - 2700;
2. saangariSgebo periodis bolos, mogebis gadasaxadis daricxva:

d-ti _ mogebis gadasaxadis xarji - 5400;
k-ti gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadi - 4800;
k-ti gadavadebuli sagadasaxado valdebuleba - 600.
3. winaswar gadaxdili mogebis gadasaxadis CaTvla:

d-ti gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadi - 2700;
k-ti winaswar gadaxdili mogebis gadasaxadi - 2700.
4. biujetis kuTvnili gadasaxadis Tanxis gadaricxva - 2100 lari(4800 _ 2700):

d-ti gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadi 2100;
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6.3.3. sxva sagadasaxado valdebulebebis
aRricxva
sagadasaxado valdebulebebis warmoqmna iseTi gadasaxadebiT, romlebic

sawarmos xarjebad maTi aRiarebis uflebas aniWebs, buRaltrul aRricxvaSi
aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti _ saerTo da administraciuli xarjebi (sagadasaxado xarji);

k-ti _ gadasaxdeli qonebis gadasaxadi;
k-ti _ gadasaxdeli miwis gadasaxadi da a.S.
biujetis kuTvnili gadasaxadis Tanxis gadaxda, aisaxeba gatarebiT:

d-ti gadasaxdeli qonebis gadasaxadi;
d-ti _ gadasaxdeli miwis gadasaxadi;
6.4. daricxuli valdebulebebis

aRricxva
daricxuli valdebulebebi balansis Sedgenis TariRisaTvis gadauxdeli

xarjebia, romelic daricxvis meTodisa da Sesabamisobis principis mixedviT
saangariSgebo periodis xarjebad unda aRiardes. daricxuli valdebulebebi
mimdinare valdebulebebis nawils warmoadgens, romelTa gadaxda balansis
Sedgenis TariRidan 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi unda moxdes. daricxul valdebulebebs
warmoadgens daricxuli xelfasi, saijaro valdebulebebi, gadasaxdeli
dividendebi da procentebi sagarantio momsaxurebiT warmoqmnili valdebulebebi
da a.S.
6.4.1. gadasaxdeli xelfasis

aRricxva
moklevadian valdebulebebs miekuTvneba gadasaxdeli xelfasi. momuSaveTa

gasamrjeloebis aRricxvisa da finansur angariSgebaSi maTi asaxvis wesebi
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regulirdeba bass 19-iT, `daqiravebul momuSaveTa gasamrjeloebi~. bass-is
mixedviT, sawarmos moeTxoveba aRiaros:
valdebuleba maSin, rodesac momuSavem momsaxureba gaswia momavalSi
gasamrjelos miRebis sanacvlod; da
xarji maSin, rodesac sawarmo moixmars im ekonomikur sargebels, romelic
miiRo momuSavis mier gasamrjelos sanacvlod gaweuli momsaxurebidan.
bass-is mixedviT, momuSaveTa gasamrjeloebs ganekuTvneba:

momuSaveTa moklevadiani gasamrjeloebi;
SromiTi saqmianobis Semdgomi periodis gasamrjeloebi;
momuSaveTa sxva grZelvadiani gasamrjeloebi;
SromiTi saqmianobis SewyvetasTan dakavSirebuli daxmarebebi.
imis gamo, rom aRniSnuli gasamrjeloebi erTmaneTisagan Tvisobrivad

gansxvavdebian, me-19 standarti gasamrjelos TiToeuli kategoriisaTvis
sxvadasxva moTxovnas iTvaliswinebs.
momuSaveTa moklevadiani gasamrjeloebs ganekuTvneba:
xelfasebi da socialuri dacvis Senatanebi;
moklevadiani kompensirebadi gacdenebi; wliuri fasiani Svebuleba da
biuleteni;
mogebaSi monawileoba da gadasaxdeli premiebi;
arafuladi gasamrjeloebi.
momuSavis moklevadiani gasamrjelo, romelic gaweuli momsaxurebisaTvis

unda gadauxados momuSaves, sawarmom unda aRiaros:
rogorc valdebuleba (daricxuli xarji) nebismieri, ukve gadaxdili Tanxis
gamoklebis Semdeg;
rogorc xarji, Tu buRaltruli aRricxvis sxva saerTaSoriso standarti ar
moiTxovs an nebas ar rTavs, rom gasamrjeloebi CaiTvalos aqtivis
TviTRirebulebad, magaliTad, bass-2, an bass-16.
gadasaxdeli xelfasiT valdebulebis warmoqmna anu xelfasis daricxva
xelfasis saangariSsworebo uwyisis safuZvelze xdeba da buRaltrul
d-ti xelfasis xarji;
k-ti gadasaxdeli xelfasi.
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Tanaxmad saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobisa, sawarmos momuSaveTa
winaSe xelfasiT valdebulebis warmoqmna imavdroulad, sagadasaxado
valdebulebebis warmoqmnasTanaa dakavSirebuli. aseTi sagadasaxado
valdebulebaa gadasaxdeli saSemosavlo gadasaxadi.
saSemosavlo gadasaxadi gaiangariSeba TiToeuli momuSavis daricxuli
xelfasidan sagadasaxado kodeqsiT gansazRvruli normis Sesabamisad.
gadasaxdeli saSemosavlo gadasaxadis saerTo TanxiT biujetis winaSe
valdebulebis warmoqmna gatardeba:
d-ti gadasaxdeli xelfasi;
k-ti gadasaxdeli saSemosavlo gadasaxadi.
momuSaveTa xelfasis da masTan dakavSirebuli sagadasaxado valdebulebis

gadaxda erTdroulad unda moxdes. Tu xelfasi sawarmos salarodan gaicema,
xelfasis gasacemad saWiro Tanxis sabanko angariSidan gamotana da sagadasaxado
valdebulebebis gadaxda gatardeba:
1. bankidan xelfasis gasacemad saWiro Tanxis gamotana da dakavebuli
saSemosavlo gadasaxadis gadaricxva:
d-ti - naRdi fuli salaroSi;
d-ti - saSemosavlo gadasaxadi;
k-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi.
2. momuSaveebze xelfasis gacema gatardeba:
xolo Tu TanamSromlebze xelfasis gacema bankis meSveobiT xdeba:

d-ti gadasaxdeli saSemosavlo gadasaxadi;
k-ti _ erovnuli valuta bankSi.
bass-is mixedviT, moklevadiani kompensirebadi gacdenisaTvis momuSavis

moklevadiani gasamrjelos mosalodneli xarji sawarmom unda aRiaros:
magrovebadi kompensirebadi gacdenebis SemTxvevaSi rodesac momuSave gaswevs
momsaxurebas, romelic zrdis mis uflebas momavalSi kompensirebad
gacdenebze; da
aramagrovebadi kompensirebadi aryofnis SemTxvevaSi - rodesac adgili eqneba
gacdenas.
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sawarmom momuSaves kompensacia SeiZleba gadauxados Svebulebis, droebiTi
Sromisuunarobis, dekretuli Svebulebis, samxedro valdebulebis moxdis
SemTxvevaSi.
kompensirebadi gacdena or kategoriad, magrovebad da aramagrovebad
gacdenad iyofa.
magrovebadi gacdena SeiZleba gadatanil iqnes Semdeg periodSi, Tu
mimdinare periodis kompensirebadi gacdena mTlianad ar aris gamoyenebuli.
magrovebadi kompensirebadi gacdena SeiZleba iyos anazRaurebadi (rodesac
sawarmodan wasvlisas momuSaves aqvs ufleba miiRos fuladi daxmareba
gamouyenebeli gacdenisaTvis) an araanazRaurebadi.
bass-is mixedviT, sawarmom magrovebadi kompensirebadi gacdenis
mosalodneli Rirebuleba unda Seafasos, rogorc damatebiTi Tanxa, romlis
gadaxdasac varaudobs im gamouyenebeli uflebisaTvis, romelic dagrovda
balansis Sedgenis TariRisaTvis.
sawarmo gansazRvravs mosalodneli kompensirebadi Tanxis odenobas,
magaliTad, SvebulebisaTvis saWiro Tanxis odenobas da aRiarebs valdebulebad
buRaltruli gatarebiT:
d-ti Svebulebis xelfasis xarji;
k-ti valdebuleba Svebulebis xelfasiT.
Svebulebis xelfasis daricxva buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:

d-ti - valdebuleba Svebulebis xelfasiT;
k-ti - gadasaxdeli Svebulebis xelfasi;
daricxuli valdebulebebi buRaltrul aRricxvaSi makoreqtirebeli

gatarebebiT aisaxeba, saangariSgebo periodis bolos. magaliTad, xelfasi,
romelic periodis bolos ar aris asaxuli da gadaxdili, aRricxvaSi unda
aisaxos xelfasis xarjis angariSis debetSi da xelfasiT davalianebis anu
gadasaxdeli xelfasis angariSis kreditSi.
daricxuli, magram jer gadauxdeli valdebulebebis amgvari asaxva
Sesabamisobis principis safuZvelze xdeba, im Semosavlebisa da xarjebis
dapirispirebis mizniT, romlebsac erTi da igive saaRricxvo periodSi hqonda
adgili.
daricxuli valdebulebebi buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba Semdegnairad:
185
6.4.2. gadasaxdeli procentebis da dividendebis
aRricxva
gadasaxdeli procentebis daricxva buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba

gatarebiT:
d-ti - saprocento xarjebi;
k-ti - gadasaxdeli procentebi.
miRebuli procentebi gadaxdis wyarosTan unda daibegros gadasaxadiT,

amitom procentebis gadaxdisas sawarmom unda asaxos am gadasaxadis dakaveba da
warmoqmnas Sesabamisi valdebuleba biujetis winaSe. igi buRaltrul aRricxvaSi
aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti - gadasaxdeli procentebi;
k-ti - gadasaxadi procentebidan.
gadasaxdeli procentebis gadaxda gatardeba:

d-ti gadasaxdeli procentebi;
d-ti gadasaxadi procentebidan;
k-ti fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi.
gadasaxdeli dividendebis aRricxva dividendebis gamocxadebis

TariRisaTvis buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba Semdegnairad:
1. dividendebis daricxva:
d-ti gaunawilebeli mogeba;
k-ti - gadasaxdeli dividendebi.
2. dividendebidan gadasaxadis dakaveba gatardeba:

d-ti - gadasaxdeli dividendebi;
k-ti - gadasaxadi dividendebidan.
3. dividendebis gacema (valdebulebis dafarva) gatardeba:

d-ti gadasaxdeli dividendebi;
d-ti gadasaxadi dividendebidan;
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6.4.3. sagarantio valdebulebis
aRricxva
sagarantio valdebuleba warmoadgens gamosaTvlel valdebulebas da

warmoiSveba maSin, rodesac kompania Tavis klientebs uwevs sagarantio
momsaxurebas. is saamisod awarmoebs Sesabamis gaangariSebiT anaricxebs da qmnis
sagarantio momsaxurebis rezervs, romlis gamoyenebaze pasuxs agebs, amitom
aRniSnuli rezervi warmoadgens valdebulebas.
sagarantio rezervis Seqmna aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti - sagarantio momsaxurebis xarji;
k-ti - valdebuleba sagarantio momsaxurebaze.
valdebulebis dafarva xdeba rezervis gamoyenebiT da aisaxeba gatarebiT:

d-ti - valdebuleba sagarantio momsaxurebaze;
k-ti - maragebi, fuladi saSualebebi, gadasaxdeli xelfasi.
Tu saangariSgebo periodis bolos darCa rezervis gamouyenebeli Tanxa,

rezervi ixureba da mcirdeba xarji:
d-ti - valdebuleba sagarantio momsaxurebaze;
k-ti - sagarantio momsaxurebis xarji.
xolo Tu rezervi araa sakmarisi, iqmneba damatebiT rezervi:

d-ti - sagarantio momsaxurebis xarji;
k-ti - valdebuleba sagarantio momsaxurebaze.
6.5. grZelvadiani valdebulebebis

aRricxva
grZelvadian sasesxo valdebulebebs miekuTvneba grZelvadiani sesxi,

gasanaRdebeli Tamasuqi da valdebulebebi finansur ijaraze. sasesxo
valdebulebebis ZiriTadi principebia _ sesxis miReba garkveuli vadiT da
garkveuli saprocento ganakveTiT. sesxis mimRebi iRebs valdebulebas, rac
dafiqsirebulia sasesxo (saTamasuqo) garigebaSi (kontraqtSi, xelSekrulebaSi).
187
miRebul sesxze dasabrunebeli Tanxa Sedgeba ori nawilisagan: ZiriTadi Tanxisa
da sesxiT sargeblobis procentis Tanxisagan. grZelvadiani sesxebis Sefaseba
xdeba im TanxebiT, romelic asaxulia sasesxo xelSekrulebaSi.
magaliTi:
kompaniam iyida danadgari (TamasuqiT) 10000 l. yovelwliuri saprocento
ganakveTi 10%. ZiriTadi Tanxa dabrundeba 2 wlis Semdeg. yoveli wlis bolos
unda moxdes Sesabamisi procentis gadaxda.
danadgaris miReba da saTamasuqo valdebulebebis warmoSoba gatardeba:
d-ti _ manqana-danadgarebi - 10000;
k-ti _ gasanaRdebeli Tamasuqebi - 10000.
pirvel wels gadasaxdeli procenti aRiardeba xarjad da moxdeba misi ganaRdeba

1000 lari (10000 X 10%).
1. procentis daricxva:
d-ti _ saprocento xarjebi - 1000;
k-ti _ gadasaxdeli procentebi - 1000;
2. procentebiT warmoqmnili davalianebebis gadaxda:

d-ti _ gadasaxdeli procentebi - 1000;
k-ti _ erovnuli valuta bankSi - 1000.
meore wels gadaxdil unda iqnes Tamasuqis Rirebuleba (10000 lari) da

saprocento Tanxa (1000 lari), sul 11000 lari.
k-ti _ gadasaxdeli procentebi _ 1000.
2. warmoqmnili davalianebebis gadaxda:

d-ti _ gasanaRdebeli Tamasuqebi - 10000;
magaliTi:
sesxis aRricxva:
kompaniam bankSi aiRo sesxi 30000 lari, 2 wlis vadiT, wliuri 10% ganakveTiT.
mimdinare wels gadasaxdelia ZiriTadi Tanxis 20% da Sesabamisi saprocento
188
Tanxa. meore wlis bolos dabrunebuli unda iqnes darCenili Tanxa procentTan
erTad.
1. sesxis miReba 30000 lari:
d-ti _ erovnuli valuta bankSi 30000;
k-ti _ grZelvadiani sesxebi - 30000.
2. grZelvadiani sesxis mimdinare nawilis gamoyofa 6000 lari (30.000 X 20%).

d-ti _ grZelvadiani sesxebi - 6000;
k-ti _ grZelvadiani sesxebis mimdinare nawili - 6000.
3. mimdinare wels gadasaxdeli saprocento Tanxa 3000 lari (30.000 X 10%).

k-ti _ gadasaxdeli procentebi 3000.
4. mimdinare wels ZiriTadi da saprocento Tanxis gadaxda (9000 lari).

d-ti _ grZelvadiani sesxebis mimdinare nawili 6000;
kti _ erovnuli valuta bankSi - 9000
momaval wels gadasaxdeli iqneba ZiriTadi Tanxa 24000 lari (30000-6000),
procentTan erTad.
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Tavi VII. sakuTari kapitalis
aRricxva
7.1. kapitali, misi arsi da struqtura
kapitali, farTo gagebiT aris saqonlisa da momsaxurebis warmoebisaTvis

Seqmnili resursebi, romelsac Semosavlis motana SeuZlia. viwro gagebiT, igi
aris warmoebrivi saSualebebis saxiT saqmeSi dabandebuli, Semosavlis momtani
wyaro.
buRaltruli aRricxvis miznebidan gamomdinare, kapitali, Tavisi fizikuri

formiT, aqtivebad warmogvidgeba.
sawarmos aqtivebis formirebis Sedegad warmoiqmneba am aqtivebze
sxvadasxva subieqtis (iuridiuli da fizikuri pirebis) ufleba, romlis jamic
kapitals warmoadgens.
aseTi uflebebi SeiZleba or ZiriTad jgufad daiyos: valdebulebebad
kreditorebis winaSe, romelic nasesxeb anu mozidul kapitalad iwodeba da
mflobelTa wilad, romelic sakuTar kapitals warmoadgens. sakuTari kapitali
specialuri saxis valdebulebaa mflobelTa winaSe. swored kapitalia is Tanxa,
romelic ZiriTad kavSirs warmoadgens mflobelsa da bizness Soris.
finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisa da wardgenis struqturuli safuZvle-

bis mixedviT `sakuTari kapitali aris sawarmos aqtivebis is nawili, romelic
rCeba yvela valdebulebis dafarvis Semdeg~.
sakuTari kapitalis struqtura damokidebulia samewarmeo saqmianobis
organizaciul-samarTlebriv formebze.
samewarmeo saqmianobis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formebi qveynis
kanonmdeblobiT ganisazRvreba da amitom sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gansxvavebuli
saxisaa.
saqarTvelos kanoni `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ gansazRvravs sawarmoTa Semdegi
saxis organizaciul-samarTlebriv formebs:
individualuri sawarmo;
solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba (s.p.s.);
komandituri sazogadoeba (k.s.);
SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba (S.p.s.);
saaqcio sazogadoeba (s.s.);
kooperativi.
190
gansxvavebulia am sawarmoTa organizaciul-samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi. es

gansxvaveba, ZiriTadad, pasuxismgeblobis im SezRudvebzea damokidebuli, romle-
bic exeba sakuTar kapitalSi Semavali Tanxebis ganawilebas mesakuTreebisa da
sxva beneficiarebisaTvis. Tumca, struqturul safuZvlebSi mocemuli kapitalis
ganmarteba misaRebia yvela tipis sawarmosaTvis.
aRniSnuli organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis sawarmoebidan sakuTari
kapitalis srulyofili struqtura damaxasiaTebelia saaqcio sazogadoebisa da
SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebisaTvis.
buRaltrul balansSi da Sesabamisad, buRaltrul aRricxvaSi sakuTari
kapitali SeZleba daiyos Semdeg qvejgufebad:
aqcioneruli kapitali;
gaunawilebeli mogeba;
gaunawilebeli mogebidan Seqmnili rezervebi;
rezervebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen kapitalis SenarCunebas.
sakuTari kapitalis aseTi klasifikacia, romelic asaxavs sawarmos mier

sakuTari kapitalis ganawilebis an sxvagvari gamoyenebis samarTlebriv an sxva
saxis SezRudvebs, sasargebloa finansuri angariSgebis momxmareblisaTvis ekono-
mikuri gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. amgvari struqtura SeiZleba, aseve, asaxavdes
mesakuTreTa mier dividendebis miRebisa da kapitalis amoRebis gansxvavebul uf-
lebebs.
7.2. saaqcio sazogadoebis sawesdebo

kapitalis aRricxva
metnaklebad msxvili sawarmoebis ZiriTadi nawili ramdenime mflobelis

sakuTrebas warmoadgens. rogorc wesi, mflobelTa ricxvi sakmaod didia, rac
imas niSnavs, rom es sawarmoebi miekuTvnebian sakuTrebis aqcionerul formas.
sakuTrebis aqcionerul formas korporaciul sakuTrebas uwodeben, xolo
sawarmos, romelic kapitalis dafinansebas aqciebis gavrcelebiT afinansebs
korporacias.
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saaqcio sazogadoeba saqarTvelos sawarmoTa organizaciul-samarTlebriv
formebs Soris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani forma.
saaqcio sazogadoeba aris sazogadoeba, romlis sawesdebo kapitali

dayofilia erTi da imave nominaluri Rirebulebis mqone aqciebad.
aqcia aris fasiani qaRaldi, romelic adasturebs saaqcio sazogadoebis

valdebulebebs partnioris (aqcioneris) mimarT da aqcioneris uflebebs saaqcio
sazogadoebaSi. aqciis mflobels aqcioneri ewodeba. isini korporaciis
mflobelebi arian. aqcioneri valdebulia kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul
maregistrirebel organoSi (safondo birJa, damoukidebeli registratorebi-
bankebi da sxva) moaxdinos mis mflobelobaSi arsebuli aqciebis registracia
aqciaTa reestrSi, daikanonos maTze sakuTrebis ufleba.
arsebobs aqciis ori saxe: Cveulebrivi aqciebi da privilegirebuli aqciebi.
Cveulebrivi erTi aqcia mis mflobels aqcionerTa saerTo krebaze aZlevs
xmis uflebas, anu uflebas monawileoba miiRos sazogadoebis marTvaSi. marTvaSi
monawileobis done damokidebulia aqcioneris mflobelobaSi arsebuli aqciebis
raodenobaze, magram Cveulebrivi aqciebis floba dividendebis miRebis garantias
ar iZleva. aqcioneri dividendebs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi miiRebs, Tu sawarmo
saangariSgebo wels mogebiT daamTavrebs da mmarTveli organo miiRebs
gadawyvetilebas dividendebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb.
privilegirebuli (SeRavaTiani) aqciebiT dividendis odenoba winaswaraa
gansazRvruli da pirvel rigSi gaicema, miuxedavad imisa, sawarmo miiRebs
mogebas Tu ara. aseve, sazogadoebis likvidaciis an gakotrebis SemTxvevaSi
privilegirebuli aqcia mis mflobels qonebrivi pretenziis uflebas aZlevs,
magram ar aZlevs xmis uflebas sazogadoebis saerTo krebaze.
arsebobs privilegirebuli aqcebis mravali saxe: konvertirebadi da
arakonvertirebadi, dabrunebadi da aradabrunebadi da sxva, romlebic
erTmaneTisagan konkretul SemTxvevaSi miniWebuli privilegiebiT gansxvavdebian.
aqciebis Sefasebisas gamoiyeneba:
nominaluri Rirebuleba;
gamocxadebuli Rirebuleba;
sabalanso (saaRricxvo) Rirebuleba;
sabazro Rirebuleba.
aqciebis nominaluri Rirebuleba aqciaze (aqcionerul sertifikatze)

dafiqsirebuli pirobiTad SerCeuli Rirebulebaa. nominaluri fasi asaxavs
192
sawesdebo kapitalis sidides erT aqciaze. nominaluri fasi simboluria da
niSnavs, rom aqcia unda gaiyidos aranakleb nominaluri RirebulebiT.
aqciis gamocxadebuli Rirebuleba aris nominaluri Rirebulebis gareSe

gamoSvebuli aqciebis Sefaseba korporaciis direqtorTa sabWos mier
gamocxadebuli fasiT.
aqciebis nominaluri da gamocxadebuli Rirebuleba korporaciis aqciebis
gamoSvebaze nebarTvis registraciisas dadgindeba.
aqciis sabalanso Rirebuleba aris Tanxa, romelsac iRebs aqcioneri aqciis

sanacvlod korporaciis likvidaciis SemTxvevaSi, im pirobiT, rom yvela aqtivi
gaiyideba da yvela valdebuleba daifareba sabalanso Rirebulebis mixedviT.
korporaciis aqciebis mTliani sabalanso Rirebuleba udris balansis aqtivebis
jams gamoklebuli valdebulebebi anu neto-aqtivebs.
aqciis sabazro Rirebuleba aqciis fasia fasiani qaRaldebis bazarze. igi

damokidebulia saerTo ekonomikur pirobebze moqmed faqtorebze, mocemuli
korporaciisadmi investorebis damokidebulebaze da korporaciis mier miRebul
mogebaze.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, saaqcio sazogadoebis sawesdebo kapitalis
minimaluri odenoba TxuTmeti aTasi laria. aqciis nominaluri Rirebuleba unda
iyos erTi lari an misi mravaljeradi.
aqciebis gavrcelebis wesi saaqcio sazogadoebis wesdebiT ganisazRvreba.
am wesis mixedviT, ganasxvaveben saaqcio sazogadoebis or tips:
Ria tipis saaqcio sazogadoeba;
daxuruli tipis saaqcio sazogadoeba.
Ria tipis saaqcio sazogadoebis aqciebi Tavisuflad mimoiqceva safondo

bazarze da maSasadame, misi SeZena yvela msurvels SeuZlia.
daxuruli tipis saaqcio sazogadoeba aqciebis gavrcelebis SezRudvis
wess iyenebs.
saaqcio sazogadoebis wesdebiT ganisazRvreba gamosaSvebi aqciebis
maqsimaluri raodenoba, romelic gamosaSvebad nebadarTul aqciebad iwodeba.
saaqcio sazogadoebebi cdiloben ar moaxdinon gamosaSvebad nebadarTuli
aqciebis srulad gavrceleba, gamoisyidon ukve gavrcelebuli aqciebi da a.S.
Sedegad warmoiqmneba terminebi: gamoSvebuli anu gayiduli an sxva saxiT
gavrcelebuli aqciebi, gamosaSvebi anu jer kidev gauvrcelebeli aqciebi,
193
gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebi anu ukandabrunebuli aqciebi, brunvaSi myofi
aqviebi.
saaqcio sazogadoebis umaRlesi organoa saerTo kreba, romelic irCevs
sameTvalyureo sabWos. sameTvalyureo sabWo gansazRvravs saaqcio sazogadoebis
sameurneo politikas da niSnavs direqtorebs, romlebic pasuxismgebelni arian
sazogadoebis sameurneo politikis ganxorcielebaze, marTvasa da kontrolze.
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, aqciebis moZraobasTan (gamoSveba,
gamosyidva, xelaxla gayidva da sxva) dakavSirebuli operaciebi buRaltruli
aRricxvis sagans warmoadgens.
rogorc ukve aRniSnuli iyo, saaqcio sazogadoebis buRaltrul balansSi
sakuTari (aqcioneruli) kapitali SeiZleba warmodgenil iqnes avansirebuli
kapitalisa da gaunawilebeli (reinvestirebuli) mogebis saxiT.
avansirebuli kapitali aqciebis gamoSvebasTan (emisia) aris dakavSirebuli.

igi gamoSvebuli (gayiduli) aqciebis nominaluri Rirebulebisa da emisiis
Sedegad miRebuli damatebiTi (saemisio) kapitalisagan Sedgeba.
damatebiTi anu saemisio kapitali warmoiqmneba aqciebis pirvelad bazarze

nominalze maRali fasiT gavrcelebisas da warmoadgens sxvaobas aqciis gayidvis
Rirebulebasa da nominals Soris. saemisio kapitali gamoiyeneba igive
miznebisaTvis, rac misi warmoqnnis safuZvelia aqciebis gamosyidvasTan
dakavSirebuli zaralis dasafaravad.
gaunawilebeli (reinvestirebuli) mogeba saaqcio sazogadoebis wminda

mogebis nawilia, romelic rCeba sawarmoSi aqcionerebze dividendebis
ganawilebis Semdeg, saqmianobis gasafarToeblad. gaunawilebeli mogeba ori
nawilisagan, asignebuli da araasignebuli nawilebisagan Sedgeba. gaunawilebeli
mogebis asignebuli nawili miznobrivi daniSnulebisasa, araasignebul nawils
aseTi miznobrivi daniSnuleba ar gaaCnia.
saaqcio sazogadoebis sakuTari kapitalis aRsaricxavad moqmedi angariSTa
gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulia angariSebis jgufi 5000 `sakuTari kapitali~, romlis
pirvel qvejgufia - 5100 sawesdebo kapitali:
5110 Cveulebrivi aqciebi;
5120 privilegirebuli aqciebi;
5130 gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebi;
5140 saemisio kapitali.
194
sawesdebi kapitalis jgufis yvela angariSi, garda 5130 gamosyiduli
sakuTari aqciebis angariSisa, pasiuri angariSebia. gamosyiduli sakuTari
aqciebis angariSi kontrpasiuri, maregulirebeli angariSia da gamoiyeneba
Cveulebrivi an
privilegirebuli aqciebis angariSebis dasaregulireblad.
7.2.1. aqciebis gamoSvebis

aRricxva
aqciebis gamoSveba buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba danaxarjebis

principis Sesabamisad, e. i. rogorc aqciebze gacvlis Sedegad miRebuli fuladi
saSualebebi da/an aqtivebis sabazro Rirebuleba.
aqciebis gamoSvebisas nebismieri gansxvaveba fulad Tanxas, an sanacvlod
miRebuli aqtivebis sabazro Rirebulebasa da aqciebis nominalur Rirebulebas
Soris, koreqtirdeba saemisio kapitalis angariSiT.
aqciebis gamoSvebisas debetdeba fuladi saSualebebis angariSi, aqciebis
gamoSvebis Sedegad miRebuli TanxiT, kreditdeba aqciebis angariSi -
nominaluri RirebulebiT da saemisio kapitalis angariSi - TanxiT, romelic
aRemateba aqciebis nominalur Rirebulebas. aqciebis gayidva buRaltrul
d-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi;
k-ti _ Cveulebrivi aqciebi; an
k-ti _ privilegirebuli aqciebi; da
k-ti _ saemisio kapitali.
magaliTi:
saaqcio sazogadoebis gamosaSvebad nebadarTuli Cveulebrivi aqciebis
raodenoba -100000 cali,GnominaliT - 1 lari. kompaniam gayida 10000 cali

GCveulebrivi aqcia, gayidvis fasi - 1 lari.
d-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi - 10000;
k-ti _ Cveulebrivi aqciebi - 10000.
magaliTi:
195
saaqcio sazogadoebis gamosaSvebad nebadarTuli Cveulebrivi aqciebis
raodenoba -100000 cali,GnominaliT - 1 lari. kompaniam gayida 10000 cali

GCveulebrivi aqcia, gayidvis fasi 1,50 lari.
d-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi - 15000;
k-ti _ Cveulebrivi aqciebi - 10000;
k-ti _ saemisio kapitali - 5000.
saaqcio sazogadoebam aqciebis gamoSveba SeiZleba moaxdinos sxva

arafulad aqtivebze gacvliT. e. i. aqciebi SeiZleba gamoiyenos gadaxdis
saSualebad. am SemTxvevaSi unda ganisazRvros aqciebis Sefasebis sakiTxi. Tu am
konkretuli saaqcio sazogadoebis aqciebi bazarze kotirebadia, maSin igi
Sefasdeba aqciebis mimdinare, sabazro RirebulebiT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi
gamoiyeneba aqciaze gacvlili arafuladi aqtivis sabazro Rirebuleba.
magaliTi:
direqtorTa sabWom gadawyvita 10000 cali Cveulebrivi aqciis (nominaliT 1
lari) gacvla danadgarze. aqciebis gamoSvebisas maTi mimdinare sabazro
Rirebuleba ar iyo gansazRvruli. danadgaris sabazro Rirebuleba 15000 lars
Seadgenda.
k-ti _ Cveulebrivi aqciebi 10000;
7.2.2. aqciebis gavrceleba

xelmoweriT
aqciebis gavrcelebis erT-erT formas maT SeZenaze xelmowera

warmoadgens, anu korporacia yidis aqciebs xelmoweriT.
xelmoweriT aqciebis gavrcelebis SemTxvevaSi, korporaciasa da mis
momaval aqcionerebs Soris daideba xelSekruleba, romelic asaxavs aqcionerebis
valdebulebas, SeiZinon aqciebis gansazRvruli raodenoba, gadaxdebis
konkretuli pirobebiT erTdroulad, ramdenime gadaxdebiT an ganvadebiT.
196
xelmoweriT aqciebis gavrceleba SeiZleba korporacis dafuZnebisas an mis
Semdegac. aseTi SeTanxmeba iwodeba aqciebze xelmowerad, xolo am gziT Seqmnili
kapitali - xelmowerilad.
aseT xelSekrulebebs iuridiuli Zala aqvT da momxdari operaciis
buRaltrul aRricxvaSi asaxvis safuZvels warmoadgenen. xelmoweriT aqciebis
gavrcelebis saxelSekrulebo Rirebuleba warmoadgens moTxovnas da Sesabamis
angariSis debetSi aisaxeba, rogorc `moTxovnebi aqciebze xelmoweriT~.
imavdroulad, xelmoweriT gavrcelebuli aqciebis Rirebuleba gatardeba
àqciebi xelmoweriT~ angariSis kreditSi, nominaluri RirebulebiT. Tu es
ukanaskneli nominalze metia, sxvaoba aisaxeba saemisio kapitalis angariSis
kreditSi:
d-ti _ moTxovnebi aqciebze xelmoweriT (saxelSekrulebo RirebulebiT);
k-ti _ aqciebi xelmoweriT (nominaliT);
k-ti _ saemisio kapitali (sxvaobis TanxiT).
xelmoweriT aqciebis gavrcelebas SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros rogorc

Cveulebrivi, aseve privilegirebuli aqciebi.
aqcionerebis mier aqciebze xelmoweriT warmoqmnili davalianebebis
dafarva aisaxeba buRaltruli gatarebiT:
k-ti _ moTxovnebi aqciebze xelmoweriT.
aqcionerebi aqciebis mflobelebi gaxdebian aqciebis Rirebulebis morigi

gadaxdis an srulad davalianebebis dafarvis Semdeg, xolo korporacia aqciebze
xelmoweriT warmoqmnili moTxovnebis miRebis Semdeg, asaxavs aqciebis gamoSvebas:
d-ti _ aqciebi xelmoweriT;
k-ti _ Cveulebrivi aqciebi.
magaliTi:
sawarmom miiRo xelmowera 2012 wlis 1 ianvars 200000 cali GCveulebrivi aqciis
gamoSvebaze, nominaliT - 1 lari. erTi aqciis saxelSekrulebo Rirebuleba 1,30
laria. angariSsworeba unda moxdes 2012 wlis 1 ivliss.
1.01.2012 w. d-ti _ moTxovnebi aqciebze xelmoweriT 260000;

k-ti _ aqciebi xelmoweriT - 200000;
197
1.07.2012 w. 1. d-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi - 260000;
k-ti _ moTxovnebi aqciebze xelmoweriT - 260000.
2. d-ti _ aqciebi xelmoweriT - 20000;

k-ti _ Cveulebrivi aqciebi - 200000.
7.2.3. aqciebis gamoSveba

ofcioniT
ofcioni sawarmos muSakTa uflebaa gansazRvrul periodSi fiqsirebul

fasebSi SeiZinon kompaniis aqciebis gansazRvruli raodenoba. aqciebis SeZenis
fasi mis sabazro Rirebulebaze dabalia.
maSasadame, aqciebis gamoSveba ofcioniT warmoadgens SeTanxmebas saaqcio

sazogadoebasa da SromiT koleqtivs Soris, TanamSromlebze aqciebis sabazro
fasTan SedarebiT SeRavaTiani pirobebiT gavrcelebis Sesaxeb. ofcioni
ganisazRvreba aqciebis gayidvis dRes arsebul sabazro fasTan SedarebiT.
ofcioni SeiZleba sawarmos TanamSromlebs momavalSi aqciebis

fiqsirebuli fasiT SeZenis uflebas aZlevdes. Cveulebriv, aseTi saxis ofcioni
gamoiyeneba muSakTa dajildoebisa da waxalisebisaTvis. aqciis sabazro kursis
awevis SemTxvevaSi sawarmos muSaks SeuZlia SeiZinos igi ofcioniT
dafiqsirebuli fasiT da gayidos sabazro fasiT.
ofcioniT dafiqsirebul fassa da sabazro fass Soris sxvaoba premias
warmoadgens. ofcionis ganxorcielebisas buRaltruli Canawerebi igive iqneba,
rac wina SemTxvevaSi. rac Seexeba muSakis mier miRebul premias, igi buRaltrul
aRricxvaSi ar aisaxeba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu safondo bazarze moxda korporaciis
aqciebis fasis mkveTri vardna da ofcionis fasi gamocxadebis TariRisaTvis
aqciis sabazro fasze naklebia, buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba sxvaoba
ofcionsa da aqciis sabazro fass Soris, muSakTa waxalisebaze gaweuli
xarjebis saxiT.
buRaltrul AaRricxvaSi aqciebis gamoSveba ofcioniT analogiurad
aisaxeba, rogorc nebismieri sxva gamoSveba:

k-ti _ Cveulebrivi aqciebi; an
k-ti _ saemisio kapitali.
magaliTi:A
198
korporaciam TanamSromlebs ofcioniT miyida 3000 cali aqcia 6 larad, aqciis
nominaluri Rirebuleba - 5 lari, sabazro Rirebuleba 8 lari.
d-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi 18000;
k-ti _ Cveulebrivi aqciebi - 15000;
7.2.4. aqciebis konvertireba
aqciebis konvertireba niSnavs aqciebis Seqcevadobas, fasiani qaRaldebis

bazarze erTi saxis aqciis meoreze gacvlis SesaZleblobas.
saaqcio sazogadoebam winaswar dadebuli SeTanxmebis safuZvelze,
SeiZleba miiRos gadawyvetileba privilegirebuli aqciebis Cveulebriv aqciebSi
konvertaciis Sesaxeb. konvertaciis mizani SeiZleba iyos aqciebis amoReba,
privilegirebuli aqciebis gamoSvebis pirobis dacva. konvertireba buRaltrul
aRricxvaSi aisaxeba aqciebis Sesabamis angariSebze, nominaluri RirebulebiT,
xolo privilegirebuli da Cveulebrivi aqciebis nominalur Rirebulebebs Soris
sxvaoba aisaxeba saemisio kapitalis an gaunawilebeli mogebis angariSze:
d-ti _ priviregirebuli aqciebi;
k-ti _ Cveulebrivi aqciebi.
7.2.5. aqciebis danawevreba
aqciebis danawevreba xdeba korporaciis mier gamoSvebuli aqciebis

raodenobis gazrdis, aqciebis nominaluri Rirebulebis Semcirebis gziT, sabazro
Rirebulebis Semcirebisa da likvidurobis gazrdis mizniT.
aqciebis danawevrebis aucilebloba warmoiSoba maSin, roca sawarmos
aqciebis sabazro Rirebuleba imdenad maRalia, rom igi xels uSlis aqciebis
mimoqcevas da sawarmos kapitalTan dakavSirebul operaciebs.
aqciebis danawevreba ar iwvevs gamosaSvebi aqciebis nebadarTuli
raodenobis zrdas da ar cvlis sawesdebo kapitals, amitom buRaltruli
gatareba ar keTdeba. aqciebis danawevreba cvlis brunvaSi myofi aqciebis
raodenobas da aqciis nominalur Rirebulebas.
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7.2.6. sakuTari aqciebis gamosyidva
da xelaxla gayidva
saaqcio sazogadoebam SeiZleba nebayoflobiT gamoisyidos sakuTari

aqciebi sxvavasxva mizniT, romelTa Soris SedarebiT damaxasiaTebelia:
fasiani qaRaldebis bazarze sakuTari aqciebis xelsayreli koniunqturis
SenarCuneba;
brunvaSi myof erT aqciaze gaangariSebiT Semosavlis gadideba;
sakontrolo paketis sxvis xelSi aRmoCenisa da konkurentebis mier sawarmos
STanTqmis Tavidan acileba;
gamosyiduli aqciebis xelaxali gayidva ofcioniT an moaxdinos konvertacia;
gamosyiduli aqciebis gamoyeneba sxva fasiani qaRaldebis SesaZenad;
aqciebis brunvidan amoReba da xelaxla brunvaSi gaSveba.
gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebi aqtivebs ar warmoadgenen. maTi aRricxva

swarmoebs kompaniis saaqcio kapitalis kontrpasiur angariSze `gamosyiduli
sakuTari aqciebi~, Sesyidvis RirebulebiT. sakuTari aqciebis gamosyidva iwvevs
kompaniis sakuTari kapitalisa da misi aqtivebis Semcirebas.
sakuTari aqciebis gamosyidva buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti _ gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebi;
k-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi.
sakuTari aqciebis nebayoflobiTi gamosyidvis garda, saqarTvelos

kanonmdeblobiT saaqcio sazogadoebam SeiZleba sakuTari aqciebi gamoisyidos
aqcionerTa moTxovniT. aqcionerTa moTxovniT gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebis
nominaluri RirebulebiT unda Semcirdes sawesdebo kapitali, xolo Tu aqciebis
gamosyidva moxda nominalze maRali RirebulebiT, sxvaobis TanxiT mcirdeba
saemisio kapitali, an saemisio kapitalis saWiro naSTis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi
- gaunawilebeli mogeba:
d-ti _ Cveulebrivi aqciebi (nominaluri RirebulebiT);
d-ti _ saemisio kapitali (Sesyidvis fassa da nominals Soris sxvaobiT);
an
d-ti _ gaunawilebeli mogeba;
200
aqciebis gamosyidvis Semdeg mcirdeba ra brunvaSi myofi aqciebis
raodenoba, finansuri angariSgebis axsna-ganmartebebSi unda mieTiTos
nebadarTuli, gamoSvebuli da brunvaSi myofi aqciebis raodenobis Sesaxeb.
gamosyiduli aqciebi SeiZleba Senaxul iqnas ganusazRvreli droiT,
SeiZleba xelaxla gaiyidos an saerTod amoRebul (gauqmebul) iqnas brunvidan.
gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebis xelaxali gamoSvebisas, Tu gayidvis
Rirebuleba Sesyidvis fasze metia, gayidvisa da Sesyidvis Rirebulebebs Soris
sxvaoba aisaxeba saemisio kapitalis angariSis kreditSi, buRaltruli gatarebiT:
d-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi (gayidvis RirebulebiT);
k-ti _ gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebi (Sesyidvis RirebulebiT);
k-ti _ saemisio kapitali (sxvaobis TanxiT).
xolo Tu gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebis xelaxali gamoSvebisas, gayidvis
Rirebuleba Sesyidvis fasze naklebia, gayidvisa da Sesyidvis Rirebulebebs
Soris sxvaoba aisaxeba saemisio kapitalis angariSis debetSi, an saemisio
kapitalis saWiro naSTis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi Semcirdeba gaunawilebeli
mogeba:
d-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi (gayidvis RirebulebiT);
d-ti _ saemisio kapitali (sxvaobis TanxiT); an
k-ti _ gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebi (Sesyidvis RirebulebiT).
gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebis amoReba aqcionerTa moTxovniT

gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebis aRricxvis analogiurad xdeba:
d-ti _ Cveulebrivi aqciebi (amoRebuli aqciebis nominaluri RirebulebiT);
d-ti _ saemisio kapitali (nominalur Rirebulebaze metobis TanxiT); an
k-ti _ gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebi (Sesyidvis RirebulebiT).
7.2.7. aqciebis gamoSvebis xarjebis

aRricxva
aqciebis gamoSvebas Tan axlavs gansazRvruli teqnikuri xarjebi,

rogoricaa: dabeWdvis, sakomisio da sxva. aqciebis gamoSvebasTan dakavSirebuli
danaxarjebi marTalia, SedarebiT mcirea, magram mainc unda aRiricxos. am
xarjebis aRricxvis ori meTodi gamoiyeneba: kompensaciis da gadavadebuli
gadaxdebis meTodi. praqtikaSi SedarebiT xSirad pirveli meTodi gamoiyeneba.
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kompensaciis meTodis gamoyenebisas aqciebis gamoSvebasTan dakavSirebuli
xarjebi ganixileba, rogorc im Semosavlebidan gamoqviTvebi, romlebic miiReba
aqciebis gavrcelebis Sedegad. amitom aqciebis gavrcelebis xarjebis
gamoiricxeba saaqcio kapitalis Tanxidan, romelic aRemateba aqciebis nominalur
Rirebulebas.
Tu saaqcio kapitalis Tanxa, romelic aRemateba aqciebis nominalur
Rirebulebas aqciebis gavrcelebis xarjebze naklebia, iTvleba, rom aqciebi
iyideba daTmobiT, am sxvaobis odenobiT. es daTmoba moqmedebs aqcionerebis
interesebze, ramdenadac maT Seitanes aqciebis nominalur Rirebulebaze
aranaklebi Tanxa.
gadavadebuli gadaxdebis meTodis gamoyenebisas, aqciebis gamoSvebis
xarjebi ganixileba rogorc gadavadebuli gadasaxdeli, romelic
amortizirebul unda iqnes kargad gaazrebul, gansazRvrul drois monakveTSi.
iTvleba, rom aqciebis gamoSvebis xarjebi asaxaven aramaterialur aqtivs,
romelic xels uwyobs korporaciis saqmianobas, romelic drois ganmavlobaSi
ufasurdeba, da Sesabamisad, amortizacias eqvemdebareba. e.i. es xarjebi
Seesabamebian momavali periodis Semosavlebs, Semosavlebisa da xarjebis
Sesabamisobis principis Tanaxmad.
rac Seexeba aqciebis gamoSvebis Semdeg gaweul xarjebs, romlebic
dakavSirebulia saaqcio kapitalis moZraobis GCanawerebis warmoebasTan,
dividendebis gadaxdasTan (am miznebisaTvis gaweul wminda teqnikur xarjebs, da
ara TviT dividendebs), isini miekuTvnebian mimdinare danaxarjebs da aisaxebian
warmoqmnis mixedviT.
7.3. sarezervo kapitalis

aRricxva
saaqcio sazogadoebis sakuTari kapitali, sawesdebo kapitalis garda

moicavs sarezervo kapitals anu rezervebs, romlebic miznobrivi daniSnulebisaa.
rezervebi ZiriTadad, iqmneba mogebis xarjze. bass ganixilavs rezervebs,
romlebic iqmneba gaunawilebeli mogebidan da rezervebs, romlebic
uzrunvelyofen kapitalis SenarCunebas. isini buRaltrul balansSi calk-calke
muxlad unda iqnes warmodgenili.

safuZvlebis mixedviT, `rezervebis Seqmna zogjer moiTxoveba wesdebiT an kanon-
mdeblobiT, mesakuTreebisa da kreditorebis zaralisgan damatebiTi dacvis miz-
niT. SeiZleba Seiqmnas sxva rezervic, Tu qveynis sagadasaxado kanonmdebloba
202
aTavisuflebs sawarmos gadasaxadisagan an amcirebs sagadasaxado valdebulebas,
rodesac aseTi rezervi iqmneba. balansSi amgvari samarTlebrivi, sakanonmdeblo
da sagadasaxado rezervebis arsebobas SesaZloa mniSvneloba hqondes momxmareb-
lis mier ekonomikuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebisTvis. rezervebis Seqmna ufro me-
tad miRebuli Semosavlebis SenarCunebaa, vidre danaxarjebis gaweva~.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT aseTi rezervebis Seqmna SeuZliaT bankebsa da
sadazRvevo kompaniebs, romelTa saqmianobac riskebTan aris dakavSirebuli. sxva
danarCen SemTxvevebSi, sawarmoebs ra Tqma unda, aseTi rezervebis Seqmnis ufleba
aqvT, magram mxolod sakuTari wminda mogebidan. e.i. am SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos
sagadasaxado kanonmdebloba ar aTavisuflebs sawarmos gadasaxadisagan, ar amci-
rebs sagadasaxado valdebulebas, da Sesabamisad, sawarmos mier Seqmnili
rezervis Tanxa ar gamoiqviTeba mogebis gadasaxadis gaangariSebisas.
SeiZleba gamoiyos Semdegi saxis rezervebi:
saemisio kapitali;
gaunawilebeli mogeba;
miznobrivi daniSnulebis rezervebi;
grZelvadiani aqtivebis gadafasebis rezervebi.
saemisio kapitali sakuTari kapitalis Semadgeneli nawilia, romelic

warmoadgens fasiani qaRaldebis pirvelad bazarze aqciebis nominalur
Rirebulebaze maRali fasebiT gayidvidan miRebul namets. saemisio kapitali
miznobrivi daniSnulebis rezervia, ganawilebas ar eqvemdebareba da gamoiyeneba
meorad bazarze aqciebis gayidvisas miRebuli zaralis dasafaravad, aseve
bonusuri emisiisas.
Tavisi ekonomikuri SinaarsiT, gaunawilebeli mogebac rezervis erT-erT
saxes warmoadgens. gaunawilebeli mogeba warmoiqmneba da balansSi aisaxeba imis
gamo, rom sazogadoebis xelmZRvanel organos saerTo krebas jer kidev ar aqvs
miRebuli gadawyvetileba saangariSgebo periodis wminda mogebis ganawilebis
Sesaxeb. amgvari gadawyvetileba SeiZleba iyos:
srulad ganawileba;
nawilobrivi ganawileba;
srulad reinvestireba;
reinvestirebuli anu gaunawilebeli mogeba aqtivs ar warmoadgens da

Sesabamisad, gaunawilebeli mogebis angariSis sakredito naSTis arseboba ar
niSnavs sawarmoSi fuladi Tu arafuladi saSualebebis dabandebas, radganac igi
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aris saangariSgebo periodis ganmavlobaSi sawarmoSi ganxorcielebuli
operaciebis Sedegad aqtivebis zrda, romelmac ganapiroba mogebis miReba.
gaunawilebeli (reinvestirebuli) mogeba ganisazRvreba saangariSgebo periodis
bolos da buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
1. Semosavlebis angariSebis daxurva:

d-ti _ Semosavlebis angariSebi;
k-ti _ saangariSgebo periodis mogeba/zarali.

d-ti _ saangariSgebo periodis mogeba/zarali;
k-ti _ xarjebis angariSebi.
3. saangariSgebo periodis mogeba/zaralis angariSis daxurva, romelsac

SeiZleba hqondes an kreditis naSTi (saldo), romelic saangariSgebo
periodis wminda mogebaa, da gatardeba:
k-ti _ gaunawilebeli mogeba.
an SeiZleba hqondes debetis naSTi (saldo), romelic saangariSgebo periodis

wminda zaralia:
d-ti _ daufaravi zarali;
k-ti _ saangariSgebo periodis mogeba/zarali.
gaunawilebel mogebas SeiZleba miekuTvnos gayiduli grZelvadiani

aqtivebis (ZiriTadi saSualebebis, aramaterialuri aqtivebis, investiciebis)
gadafasebis rezervis naSTi:
d-ti _ gadafasebis rezervi (aqtivebis saxeebis mixedviT);
k-ti _ gaunawilebeli mogeba.
saaqcio sazogadoebis gaunawilebeli mogeba, sazogadoebis wesdebisa da moqmedi

kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, upirvelesad, gamoiyeneba dividendebis gasacemad da
sxva miznebisaTvis.
dividendi saaqcio sazogadoebis wminda mogebis nawilia, romelic
nawildeba aqcionerebs Soris, maT mflobelobaSi arsebuli aqciebis wilis
Sesabamisad. dividendi warmoadgens investirebuli kapitalis sanacvlod
miRebuli mogebis Tanxas, romelis anazRaurebasac periodulad axorcielebs
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korporacia Tavis aqcionerebze. dividendebis gacema xdeba dagrovili wminda
mogebidan fuladi saSualebebis, arafuladi aqtivebis, an sakuTari aqciebis
saxiT. dividendis odenoba erT Cveulebriv aqciaze cvalebadia, xolo
privilegirebul aqciaze fiqsirebuli. dividendebis gacemis Sesaxeb
gadawyvetilebas iRebs saaqcio sazogadoebis aqcionerTa saerTo kreba.
1. dividendebis daricxva dividendebis gacemis Sesaxeb gamocxadebis Semdeg:
k-ti _ gadasaxdeli dividendebi.
2. sxva saxis rezervebis Seqmna:
k-ti _ rezervebi (mizobrivi daniSnulebis).
gaunawilebeli mogeba, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes

saaqcio sazogadoebis mier sakuTari aqciebis gamosyidvisas, Tu maTi gamosyidvis
Rirebuleba aRemateba nominalur Rirebulebas da saemisio kapitali ver
uzrunvelyofs mis dafarvas:
3. d-ti _gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebi; an
d-ti _ Cveulebrivi aqciebi (nominaluri RirebulebiT);
d-ti _ gaunawilebeli mogeba (sxvaobis TanxiT);
k-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi (gamosyidvis RirebulebiT).
mogebis xarjze rezervebis SeqmniT sawarmo axdens aqtivebis zrdas da

arsebuli aqtivebis SenarCunebas. amgvari rezervebis Seqmnisa da gamoyenebis
pirobebi, ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi ganisazRvreba sazogadoebis wesdebiT.
rezervis Seqmna xdeba sazogadoebis xelmZRvaneli organos saerTo

krebis gadawyvetilebiT mogebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb. amave gadawyvetilebiT
ganisazRvreba Seqmnili rezervis miznobrivoba. Tu sawarmom miiRo
gadawyvetileba muSakTa waxalisebisaTvis rezervis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, buRaltrul
aRricxvaSi gaunawilebeli mogebidan am rezervis Seqmna aisaxeba gatarebiT:
k-ti _ waxalisebis rezervi.
muSakTa waxalisebis rezervis gamoyeneba aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti _ waxalisebis rezervi;
k-ti _ gadasaxdeli xelfasi.

rac Seexeba rezervebs, romlebic uzrunvelyofen kapitalis SenarCunebas,
anu grZelvadiani aqtivebis gadafasebis rezervebs, igi ganxilul iqna ZiriTadi
saSualebebis aRricxvisas.
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7.4. SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebis
sakuTari kapitalis aRricxva
SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba (Sps) aris sazogadoeba, romlis

pasuxismgebloba kreditorebis winaSe Semoifargleba sazogadoebis qonebiT,
xolo TiToeuli partnioris pasuxismgebloba - sawesdebo kapitalSi misi wiliT.
SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebis dafuZneba SeuZliaT rogorc
partniorebs, ise erT pirsac.
SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebis sawesdebo kapitalis
minimaluri odenoba gansazRvrulia kanoniT da igi 200 laria. Senatanis odenoba
TiToeuli partniorisaTvis SeiZleba gansxvavebulad ganisazRvros, magram igi
aTze unaSTod unda iyofodes.
SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebis daarsebisas, sawesdebo
kapitalSi Senatani unda ganxorcieldes ara nakleb 50 procentisa, Tu Sps
wesdebiT sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli.
SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebis sawesdebo kapitalis
aRsaricxavad moqmedi angariSTa gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulia angariSi 5150
`sawesdebo kapitali Sps-Si~. igi pasiuri angariSia. Sps-s dafuZnebisas, sawesdebo
kapitalis Sesavsebad ganxorcielebuli fuladi Senatanebi buRaltrul
d-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi (faqtobrivad Setanili TanxiT);
d-ti _ moTxovnebi kapitalis Sevsebaze (jer kidev Seutaneli wilis TanxiT);
k-ti _ sawesdebo kapitali Sps-Si (saerTo TanxiT).
sawesdebo kapitalSi Senatanebi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc fuladi,

ise arafuladi saxiT, anu qonebrivi SenataniT. arafuladi Senatanisas aqtivi
unda Sefasdes realuri RirebulebiT, romelic dadasturebuli iqneba
damoukidebeli auditoris mier. sawesdebo kapitalis Sesavsebad
ganxorcielebuli arafuladi Senatanebi buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba
gatarebiT:
d-ti _ aqtivebis amsaxveli angariSebi (aqtivebis realuri RirebulebiT); an
d-ti _ moTxovnebi kapitalis Sevsebaze (jer kidev Seutaneli aqtivis
RirebulebiT);
k-ti _ sawesdebo kapitali Sps-Si.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sawesdebo kapitalis Sesavsebad Sesatani aqtivis
realuri Rirebuleba misi Semtani partnioris Sesatani wilis SeTanxmebul
Tanxaze naklebia, igi unda Seivsos damatebiTi fuladi TanxiT:
206
d-ti _ aqtivebis amsaxveli angariSebi (aqtivebis realuri RirebulebiT);
d-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi (damatebiT Setanili TanxiT); an
d-ti _ moTxovnebi sawesdebo kapitalis Sesavsevad (moTxovnebis TanxiT);
k-ti _ sawesdebo kapitali Sps-Si (partnioris wilis saerTo TanxiT).
sawinaaRmdego SemTxvevaSi, rodesac aqtivis realuri Rirebuleba metia

sawesdebo kapitalSi partnioris mier Sesatani wilis SeTanxmebul Tanxaze,
partniorisaTvis am metobis dabruneba dauSvebelia. metobis Tanxa warmoadgens
damatebiT kapitals da Sps-s sakuTar kapitalSi calke muxlad aisaxeba:
d-ti _ aqtivebis amsaxveli angariSebi (aqtivebis realuri RirebulebiT);
k-ti _ sawesdebo kapitali Sps-Si (partnioris wilis saerTo TanxiT);
k-ti _ sxva rezervebi (aqtivebis Rirebulebis nameti TanxiT).
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu partniors sawesdebo kapitalis Sesavsebad misi wilis

mxolod nawili aqvs Setanili da SeTanxmebul droSi darCenili nawili ver
Seitana, igi pirvel Senatanzec kargavs uflebas, misi wili ki, SeiZleba sxva
partniorebze gadanawildes. xolo Tu partnioris darCenili Seutaneli Tanxis
miuxedavad sawesdebo kapitalis odenoba Seesabameba sakanonmdeblo moTxovnebs,
im partnioris sawesdebo kapitalSi ukve Setanili Tanxa, romelmac ver Seasrula
Sps-s wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebuleba da dakarga ufleba, gadaitaneba
sarezervo kapitalis angariSze:
d-ti _ sawesdebo kapitali Sps-Si;
k-ti _ sxva rezervebi.
partnioris mier sawedebo kapitalis Sesavsebad warmoqmnili

valdebulebebis SeTanxmebul droSi dafarva buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba
gatarebiT:
d-ti _ aqtivebis amsaxveli angariSebi;
k-ti _ moTxovnebi kapitalis Sevsebaze.
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Tavi VIII. Semosavlebisa da xarjebis

aRricxva
8.1. Semosavlebi da xarjebi, maTi

klasifikacia
sawarmos saqmianobis Sedegebis Sefasebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan maCvenebels

mogeba warmoadgens. mogeba finansuri angariSgebis ori elementiT, SemosavlebiT
da xarjebiT ganisazRvreba.

safuZvlebis mixedviT, `Semosavali aris sawarmos mier ekonomikuri sargeblis
zrda saangariSgebo periodSi, aqtivebis zrdis an valdebulebebis Semcirebis
gziT, rac gamoixateba sawarmos sakuTari kapitalis gadidebiT, romelic araa da-
kavSirebuli sakuTari kapitalis mesakuTreTa damatebiT SenatanebTan~.
`xarjebi aris sawarmos ekonomikuri sargeblis Semcireba saangariSgebo pe-

riodis ganmavlobaSi aqtivebis sawarmodan gasvlis an valdebulebebis zrdis sa-
fuZvelze, rac gamoixateba sawarmos sakuTari kapitalis SemcirebiT, romelic
araa dakavSirebuli mesakuTreTaTvis kapitalis ganawilebasTan~.
Semosavlebisa da xarjebis elementebi gansxvavebulia. amitom aucilebelia

Semosavlebisa da xarjebis elementebs Soris am gansxvavebis dadgena da maTi
dajgufeba, rac sawarmos saqmianobis Sedegebis sxvadasxva xarisxobrivi maCvaneb-
lebis meSveobiT daxasiaTebis saSualebas iZleva.
Semosavlebis cneba moicavs amonagebs da Semosulobas.
amonagebi aris sawarmoSi Semosuli ekonomikuri sargeblis saerTo Tanxa,

romelic miiReba sawarmos Cveulebrivi sameurneo saqmianobidan da gamoixateba
sakuTari kapitalis zrdiT, mesakuTreTa mxridan damatebiTi investirebis gareSe
(bass 18).
amonagebi warmoiqmneba sawarmos Cveulebrivi saqmianobis procesSi da cno-

bilia sxvadasxva saxelwodebiT: magaliTad, amonagebi saqonlis realizaciidan,
amonagebi momsaxurebis gawevidan, procenti, dividendi, roialti da saijaro qira.
amonagebi saqonlis (mza produqciis, samuSaoebis momsaxurebis) realizaciidan

sawarmos mier ekonomikuri sargeblis saxiT miRebuli Semosavalia, romelic
dakavSirebulia Cveulebriv samewarmeo saqmianobasTan. iseT sawarmoebs, romlebic
axdenen saqonlis (mza produqciis) gayidvas, warmoeqmnebaT Semosavlebi
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(amonagebi) realizaciidan. sawarmoebs, romelTa ZiriTad saqmianobas
momsaxurebis gaweva warmoadgens, warmoeqmnebaT Semosavlebi (amonagebi)
momsaxurebis gawevidan. momsaxurebis gaweva, rogorc wesi, gulisxmobs sawarmos
mier momsaxurebis Sesrulebas, xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebisa da
vadebis safuZvelze. momsaxurebis gaweva SeiZleba dasruldes erT saangariSgebo
periodSi an gagrZeldes Semdgom saangariSgebo periodebSic.
sxva pirTa mier sawarmos kuTvnili aqtivebis gamoyeneba iwvevs sawarmoSi

ekonomikuri sargeblis Semosvlas procentebis, dividendebis, roialtebisa da
saijaro qiris saxiT.
procenti Semosavalia, romelsac sawarmo iRebs kapitalis yovel as

erTeulze. saprocento Semosavals sawarmo Rebulobs mis sakuTrebaSi arsebuli
Tavisufali fuladi saSualebebisa da maTi ekvivalentebis gamoyenebidan.
dividendebi aris sawarmos mier investirebuli kapitalis sanacvlod

miRebuli mogebis Tanxa, romlis anazRaurebasac periodulad anxorcielebs
saaqcio sazogadoeba (korporacia) Tavis aqcionerebze.
roialti aris Semosavali, romelic miiReba sawarmos kuTvnili

grZelvadiani aqtivebis, magaliTad, patentebis, savaWro niSnebis, saavtoro
uflebebis da kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofis gamoyenebis uflebis gadacemisaTvis.
Semosuloba gulisxmobs sxva muxlebs, romlebic akmayofileben Semosavlis

Sesaxeb arsebul ganmartebas da SeiZleba warmoiqmnas an ar warmoiqmnas sawarmos
Cveulebrivi saqmianobis procesSi. Semosuloba gulisxmobs sawarmos ekonomikuri
sargeblis gadidebas da, am TvalsazrisiT, ar gansxvavdeba amonagebidan.
Semosavlebis cneba gulisxmobs ararealizebul Semosulobebs, romelic

SesaZloa warmoiSvas likviduri fasiani qaRaldebis gadafasebiT an grZelvadiani
aqtivebis sabalanso Rirebulebis zrdiT.
sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi Semosulobebs zogjer asaxaven maT mi-

RebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis gamoklebiT.
Semosavlis xarjze SesaZlebelia aqtivebis miReba an arsebuli aqtivebis

gaumjebeseba. magaliTad, fuladi saxsrebi, moTxovnebi, saqoneli da momsaxureba,
romlebic miiReba saqonlis gacvlisa da gaweuli momsaxurebis Sedegad. aseve, Se-
mosavali SeiZleba warmoiqmnas valdebulebis dafarviT. magaliTad, sawarmos Se-
209
uZlia kreditoruli davalianebis dasafaravad kreditors miawodos saqoneli an
momsaxureba, romelic gamoiwvevs erTis mxriv, valdebulebebis dafarvas da
meores mxriv, Semosavlebis zrdas.
xarjebis cneba moicavs zarals da aseve xarjebs, romlebic warmoiqmneba

sawarmos Cveulebrivi (saoperacio) saqmianobis procesSi.
sawarmos Cveulebrivi saqmianobis procesSi warmoqmnili xarjebia,

magaliTad, realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba, xelfasi, cveTa da
amortizacia.
rogorc wesi, sawarmos Cveulebrivi saqmianobis procesTan dakavSirebuli

xarjebi praqtikaSi sxvadasxva saxis aqtivebis (fuladi saSualebebi da maTi eqvi-
valentebi, sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi, ZiriTadi saSualebebi) Semcire-
biT an sawarmodan gasvliT gamoixateba.
sawarmos Cveulebriv saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis ZiriTadi

jgufebia:
- realizebuli produqciis (saqonlis) TviTRirebuleba;
- miwodebis xarjebi;
- saerTo da administraciuli xarjebi.
realizebuli produqciis (saqonlis) TviTRirebuleba moicavs iseT

xarjebs, rogoricaa: ZiriTadi da damxmare masalebis, saqonlis, pirdapiri da
arapirdapiri xelfasis, cveTisa da amortizaciis, remontis da sxva saoperacio
xarjebs.
miwodebis xarjebis jgufs miekuTvneba: reklamis xarjebi, saqonlis

(produqciis) transportirebisa da Senaxvis xarjebi, saqonlis (produqciis)
miwodebis sxva xarjebi.
saerTo da administraciuli xarjebia: ijaris, saofise inventaris,

komunikaciis, sakonsultacio da sagarantio momsaxurebis, dazRvevis, ZiriTadi
saSualebebis cveTisa da amortizacis, sagadasaxado xarjebi, saeWvo
moTxovnebTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi da sxva saerTo xarjebi.
zarali gulisxmobs sxva muxlebs, romlebic akmayofileben xarjebis Sesa-

xeb arsebul ganmartebas da SeiZleba warmoiqmnas an ar warmoiqmnas sawarmos Cve-
ulebrivi saqmianobis procesSi. zarali asaxavs sawarmodan ekonomikuri sargeb-
lis gasvlas da amdenad, Tavisi bunebiT ar gansxvavdeba sxva xarjebisgan.
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zarali SeiZleba warmoiqmnas sawarmos araordinaluri saqmianobis pirobebSic
magaliTad, stiqiuri ubedurebis an katastrofis gamo (wyaldidoba, xanZari da
sxva). xarjebis cneba agreTve, moicavs farul zarals. magaliTad, igi SeiZleba
warmoiqmnas ucxouri savaluto kursis zrdis gamo erovnul valutasTan Sedare-
biT, Tu sawarmos hqonda savaluto kreditoruli davalianeba.
sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi zarali ufro xSirad aisaxeba masTan

dakavSirebuli Semosavlebis gareSe.
ekonomikuri gadawyvelebebis misaRebad aucilebeli informaciiT momxmareb-

lis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, Semosavlebisa da xarjebis asaxva sruli
Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi gansxvavebulad SeiZleba. saerTaSoriso praqtikiT,
Cveulebrivi saqmianobis pirobebSi miRebul Semosavlebsa da danaxarjebs ganas-
xvaveben im Semosavlebisa da danaxarjebisagan, romlebic warmoiqmneba sawarmos-
aTvis uCveulo, araordinalur pirobebSi. aseTi tipis gansxvavebis warmoqmnisas
gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes sawarmosa da misi saqmianobis Taviseburebebi.
finansuri angariSgebis informaciis momxmareblebisaTvis mniSvnelovania

sawarmos saqmianobis finansuri Sedegebis iseTi komponentebi, romlebic SesaZ-
loa erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebodes stabilurobis, amonagebis, zaralis potenci-
alisa da prognozirebis SesaZleblobebis TvalsazrisiT. amitom bass-is
mixedviT, sawarmom unda moaxdinos xarjebis klasifikacia.
xarjebis klasifikacia unda moxdes:
xarjebis xasiaTisa da ekonomikuri daniSnulebis mixedviT; an
sawarmoSi maTi funqciebis mixedviT.
bass-is Sesabamisad, sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi xarjebi, maTi eko-

nomikuri Sinaarsis mixedviT jgufdeba:
amonagebi X
sxva Semosavlebi X
cvlilebebi mza produqciisa da daumTavrebeli
warmoebis maragSi X
gamoyenebuli nedleuli da masalebi X
personalis Senaxvis xarjebiA X
cveTisa da amortizaciis xarjebi X
sxva xarjebi X
sul xarjebi (X)
mogeba X
211
xarjebis klasificirebis meore tipis struqtura exeba xarjebis funqciebs

anu ,,mimoqcevis (sabrunavi) xarjebis~ meTods. am meTodis Tanaxmad, xarjebis kla-
sifikacia xdeba maTi funqciebis mixedviT, rogorc realizebuli produqciis
TviTRirebulebis nawili, an komerciuli an administraciuli saqmianobis nawili.
sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi xarjebis amgvari wardgeniT sawarmo gayidve-
bis TviTRirebulebas gamoyofs sxva xarjebisagan, riTac momxmareblebs uzrun-
velyofs ufro Sesaferisi informaciiT, vidre xarjebis ekonomikuri daniSnule-
bis mixedviT klasifikaciisas.
bass-is Sesabamisad, sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi xarjebi funqciebis

mixedviT jgufdeba:
amonagebi X
realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba (X)
saerTo mogeba X
sxva Semosavlebi X
komerciuli xarjebi (X)
administraciuli xarjebi (X)
sxva xarjebi (X)
mogeba X
xarjebis klasificirebis meTodis SerCevisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba

unda mieqces ufro saimedo da Sesabamis informaciis miRebas. standarti moiT-
xovs, rom danaxarjebis klasifikaciis SerCeva moxdes sawarmos saqmianobis Sede-
gebis ukeT warmoCenis poziciidan.
Semosavlebisa da xarjebis elementebs Soris gansxvavebis dadgena da maTi

sxvadasxva gziT dajgufeba, sawarmos saqmianobis Sedegebis sxvadasxva xarisxob-
rivi maCvaneblebis meSveobiT daxasiaTebis saSualebas iZleva.
212
8.2. Semosavlebis aRiareba
da Sefaseba
Semosavlebis aRiareba aris sawarmos sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi

Semosavlebis muxlis asaxvis procesi, romelic akmayofilebs misi, rogorc
finansuri angariSgebis elementis ganmartebas da bass-iT gansazRvrul aRiare-
bis kriteriums. aRiareba gulisxmobs Semosavlebis sityvier da Tanxobriv asax-
vas buRaltrul aRricxvasa da Sesabamisad, sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi.
Semosavali, romelic akmayofilebs finansuri angariSgebis elementis cne-

bas, aRiarebul da asaxul unda iqnes finansur angariSgebaSi, Tu:
mosalodnelia am muxliT gamowveuli momavali ekonomikuri sargeblis sawar-

moSi Semosvla; da
mas gaaCnia Rirebuleba, romelic SeiZleba saimedod Sefasdes.
arsebobs Semosavlebisa da xarjebis aRiarebis Semdegi meTodebi:
daricxvis meTodi;
sakaso meTodi.
daricxvis meTodis Tanaxmad, sameurneo operaciebis Sedegebisa da sxva mov-

lenebis aRiareba xdeba maTi moxdenisTanave, da ara fuladi saSualebebisa da mi-
si eqvivalentebis miRebisa da gadaxdis dros. amasTan, isini gatardeba saTanado
buRaltrul dokumentebSi da aisaxeba im periodis finansur angariSgebaSi, ro-
melsac ganekuTvneba.
sakaso meTodiT Semosavlebis aRiareba xdeba maTi miRebis an gamoyenebisa

da gankargvis uflebis mopovebis momentis mixedviT, xolo xarjebis aRiareba -
ganaRdebis Semdeg.
finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisa da wardgenis struqturuli safuZvlebis

mixedviT, finansuri angariSgebis momzadebas safuZvlad udevs buRaltruli aR-
ricxvis daricxvis meTodi. aqedan gamomdinare, buRaltruli aRricxvis
saerTaSoriso standartebi moiTxovs Semosavlebisa da xarjebis aRiarebas, maT
aRricxvas daricxvis meTodiT. rac Seexeba saqarTvelos erovnul
kanonmdeblobas, kerZod, saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqss, igi gadasaxadis
gadamxdels uflebas aZlevs Semosavlebisa da xarjebis aRsaricxavad gamoiyenos
213
sakaso an daricxvis meTodi, imis mixedviT, Tu romel meTods iyenebs igi
buRaltrul aRricxvaSi.
bass-iT sawarmos sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi Semosavlis aRiare-

ba_asaxva xdeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sawarmoSi momavali ekonomikuri sargeblis
zrda gamowveulia aqtivebis zrdiT an valdebulebebis SemcirebiT da misi saime-
do Sefaseba SesaZlebelia. es ki imas niSnavs, rom Semosavlebis aRiareba xdeba
maSinve, rogorc ki aRiarebuli iqneba aqtivebis zrda an valdebulebebis Semci-
reba, magaliTad, aqtivebis zrda saqonlis an momsaxurebis realizaciis Sedegad
an valdebulebis Semcireba kreditoris mier valze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi.
amonagebis aRricxvis principuli sakiTxia imis dadgena, Tu rodis unda mox-

des amonagebis aRiareba. garkveuli tipis sameurneo operaciebisa da movlenebis
Sedegad warmoqmnili amonagebis aRricxvis reJims gansazRvravs bass 18
àmonagebi~, romelic gamoiyeneba iseTi sameurneo operaciebisa da movlenebis Se-
degad warmoqmnili amonagebis aRiarebisaTvis, rogoricaa:
saqonlis gayidva;
momsaxurebis gaweva;
sxva pirTa mier sawarmos kuTvnili aqtivebis gamoyeneba, rasac mohyveba sawar-
moSi ekonomikuri sargeblis Semosvla dividendebis, procentebisa da roial-
tebis saxiT.
bass-iT saqoneli moicavs sawarmos mier warmoebul produqcias, romelic

gankuTvnilia gasayidad, agreTve, im produqcias, romelic SeZenil iqna xelmeo-
red gayidvis mizniT. magaliTad, sacalo vaWrobis sawarmos mier SeZenili samrew-
velo produqcia, miwa an sxva qoneba, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia xelmeored
gayidvisaTvis.
bass-iT àmonagebis Sefaseba unda moxdes miRebuli an misaRebi anazRaure-

bis realuri Rirebulebis mixedviT~ (bass 18).
realuri Rirebuleba aris is Tanxa, romliTac aqtivi SeiZleba gaicvalos

an valdebuleba daifaros, dainteresebul da saqmis mcodne mxareebs Soris ,,gaS-
lili xelis manZilis principiT~.
calkeul sameurneo operaciasTan dakavSirebuli amonagebis sidide, ro-

gorc wesi, ganisazRvreba sawarmosa da aqtivis myidvels Soris dadebuli garige-
bis safuZvelze. misi Sefaseba xdeba sawarmos mier miRebuli an misaRebi anazRau-
rebis realuri RirebulebiT, nebismieri savaWro fasdaTmobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
imis gamo, rom xSirad anazRaureba fulis an fuladi saxsrebis ekvivalen-

214
tebis saxiT xdeba, Sesabamisad, Semosavlis Tanxac misaRebi an miRebuli fulisa
da fuladi saxsrebis ekvivalentebis tolia.
magaliTi:
sawarmo, Cveulebriv, Tavis produqcias yidis erTeuls - 10 larad. erT-erT

myidvelTan dadebuli xelSekrulebis Sesabamisad, sawarmom miawoda produqcia,
3000 erTeuli, 3%-iani fasdaTmobiT. fasdaTmobis pirobis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi
amonagebi Seadgens 29100 lars (30000 900).
SeiZleba adgili hqondes SemTxvevas, rodesac fulis an fuladi saxsrebis

ekivalentis Semosvla sawarmoSi gadaideba. Sedegad, anazRaurebis realuri Rire-
buleba SeiZleba miRebuli an misaRebi fulis nominalur Tanxaze naklebi aRmoC-
ndes. magaliTad, saqonlis gayidvisas sawarmom SeiZleba myidvels misces upro-
cento krediti an daeTanxmos sabazro saprocento ganakveTze dabalprocentiani
Tamasuqis miRebas. aseTi operacia, faqtobrivad, warmoadgens ra finansur opera-
cias, anazRaurebis realuri Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba momavalSi misaRebi Tan-
xebis diskontirebiT, pirobiTi saprocento ganakveTis gamoyenebiT.
pirobiTi saprocento ganakveTi ufro naTlad gansazRvravs:
analogiuri kreditunariani emitentis analogiur instrumentze umetesad

gavrcelebul ganakveTs; an
saprocento ganakveTs, romliTac xdeba mocemuli instrumentis nominaluri

Tanxis diskontireba, mocemuli saqonlis an momsaxurebis mimdinare fasam-
de naRd fulze gayidvisas (bass 18).
bass-is mixedviT, realur Rirebulebasa da anazRaurebis nominalur Tanxas So-

ris sxvaoba unda aRiardes saprocento amonagebad.
magaliTi:
sawarmom gayida aqtivi 2 wliani ganvadebiT. gadasaxdeli Tanxa 20000 laria.

operaciis moxdenis momentisaTvis analogiuri miznebisaTvis sesxis wliuri
saprocento ganakveTi 12%-ia. aqtivis realuri (diskontirebuli) Rirebuleba,
15944 lari [(20000 x (PVI,i,n)) = (20000 x 0,7972)] aRiardeba realizaciidan miRebul
Semosavlad, xolo 4056 lari (20000 - 15944) _ saprocento Semosavlad.
215
fulis an fuladi saxsrebis ekvivalentebis saxiT anazRaurebis garda,
SesaZlebelia adgili hqondes gacvliT operaciebs. gacvliTi operaciebi
SeiZleba warmoqmnidnen an ar warmoqmnidnen amonagebs. saqonlisa da momsaxurebis
gacvla analogiuri bunebisa da Rirebulebis mqone saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze
ar iTvleba amonagebis warmomqmnel sameurneo operaciad. es is SemTxvevebia, ro-
desac momwodeblebi gacvlas awarmoeben, sxvadasxva geografiul sivrceSi warmo-
Sobili sabazro moTxovnebis droulad dakmayofilebis mizniT. Tu saqoneli da
momsaxureba icvleba gansxvavebuli saxis saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze, aseTi gac-
vla iTvleba amonagebis warmomqnel operaciad. amonagebis Tanxa ganisazRvreba mi-
Rebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis realuri RirebulebiT. koreqtireba xdeba fu-
lisa da fuladi saxsrebis ekvivalentebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac miRebuli sa-
qonlisa da momsaxurebis realuri Rirebulebis saimedod gansazRvra
SeuZlebelia, amonagebis Tanxis Sefaseba xdeba gacemuli saqonlisa da momsaxu-
rebis realuri RirebulebiT, romelic Semdgom koreqtirdeba miRebuli fulisa
da fuladi saxsrebis ekvivalentebis TanxiT (bass 18).
8.3. saqonlis gayidvidan miRebuli

amonagebis aRricxva
bass-is mixedviT, saqonlis gayidvis Sedegad miRebuli amonagebis aRiareba

xdeba maSin, rodesac dakmayofilebuli iqneba yvela qvemoT CamoTvlili piroba:
sawarmo myidvels gadascems saqonlis sakuTrebasTan dakavSirebul yvela

mniSvnelovan risks da sargebels;
sawarmo ar inarCunebs uwyvet menejerul monawileobas im doniT, romelic,

Cveulebriv, asocirdeba sakuTrebis uflebasTan da ar axorcielebs gayidul
saqonelze efeqtur kontrols;
SesaZlebelia amonagebis Tanxis saimedod gansazRvra;
mosalodnelia, rom mocemuli operaciidan sawarmo miiRebs ekonomikur sarge-

bels;
SesaZlebelia mocemul operaciasTan dakavSirebuli ukve gaweuli an momaval

periodSi gasawevi xarjebis saimedod gansazRvra.
216
maSasadame, amonagebis aRiareba xdeba mxolod maSin, Tu mosalodnelia mo-

cemuli operaciidan sawarmoSi ekonomikuri sargeblis Semosvla.
saqonlis (momsaxurebis, samuSaoebis) gayidvis Sedegad miRebuli amonagebi
warmoadgens saoperacio Semosavals. saoperacio Semosavlebis aRsaricxavad
moqmedi angariSTa gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulia angariSebis jgufi 6100
`saoperacio Semosavlebi~, kerZod, angariSebi:
6110 - Semosavali realizaciidan;
6120 - gayiduli saqonlis dabruneba da fasdaTmoba;
6130 - Semosavali saeWvo moTxovnebidan;
6190 - sxva saoperacio Semosavlebi.
angariSi `Semosavali realizaciidan~ pasiuri angariSia da Semosavlebi

aRiarebisas aisaxeba am angariSis kreditSi, fuladi saSualebebis an moTxovnebis
amsaxveli angariSebis debetTan korespondenciiT.
sxvadasxva qveynis kanonmdebloba SesaZloa iTvaliswinebdes, Semosavlebis

aRiarebis kriteriumis sxvadasxva dros dakmayofilebis SesaZlebelobas. kerZod,
kanoni SeiZleba gansazRvravdes drois im moments, rodesac sawarmo gadascems sa-
kuTrebasTan dakavSirebul mniSvnelovan risksa da sargebels.
xelSekrulebis pirobebis Semowmebis gziT xdeba imis dadgena, Tu ro-

dis gadasca sawarmom myidvels saqonlis sakuTrebasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvne-
lovani riskebi da sargebeli. xSirad, sakuTrebasTan dakavSirebuli riskebisa da
sargeblis gadacema emTxveva myidvelze samarTlebrivi an qonebrivi uflebebis
gadacemas. umetesad, ase xdeba sacalo vaWrobaSi. Semosavlebis aRiarebis
aRniSnuli meTodi miwodebis TariRiT Semosavlebis aRiarebad iwodeba.
Sesabamisad, saqonlis (momsaxurebis, samuSaoebis) miwodeba, romelic iwvevs aqti-
vebis zrdas buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis amsaxveli angariSebi; an
d-ti _ moTxovnebi miwodebiT da momsaxurebiT;
k-ti _ Semosavali realizaciidan.
erTi da imave operaciasTan dakavSirebuli amonagebisa da xarjebis aRiare-

ba erTdroulad xdeba, amonagebisa da xarjebis Sesabamisobis principis
safuZvelze. amitom, saqonlis gayidvis Sedegad miRebuli Semosavlis
aRiarebasTan erTad unda moxdes Sesabamisi xarjis, anu gayiduli saqonlis
TviTRirebulebis Camowera:
217
d-ti - gayiduli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba;
k-ti - saqoneli.
saqonlis gayidva da Sesabamisad, Semosavlis aRiareba SesaZlebelia

dakavSirebuli iyos myidvelis mier gadaxdil an gadasaxdel iseT TanxebTan,
romelic sawarmos ar ekuTvnis da cxadia, arc aRiardeba Semosavlad. aseTi
SeiZleba iyos e. w. arapirdapiri gadasaxadebi, magaliTad, damatebuli
Rirebulebis gadasaxadi. Tanaxmad saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobisa, sawarmo,
romelic aris damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadis gadamxdeli, valdebulia sa-
qonlis (momsaxurebis, samuSaoebis) gayidvisas myidvels gadaaxdevinos dRg-s
Tanxac da Sesabamisad, Semosavlebis aRiarebisas aRiaros igi, rogorc
valdebuleba:
d-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis amsaxveli angariSebi (saerTo TanxiT); an
d-ti _ moTxovnebi miwodebiT da momsaxurebiT (saerTo TanxiT);
k-ti _ Semosavali realizaciidan (Semosavlis TanxiT);
k-ti _ gadasaxdeli dRg (dRg-s TanxiT).
operacia ar iTvleba gayidvad da, Sesabamisad, ar xdeba amonagebis aRiare-

ba, Tu sawarmo inarCunebs mflobelobis mniSvnelovan riskebs. saqonlis mflobe-
lobis riskis SenarCuneba sxvadasxva gziTaa SesaZlebeli. bass-is mixedviT, sa-
warmo saqonlis sakuTrebasTan dakavSirebul mniSvnelovan riskebsa da sarge-
bels myidvels ar gadascems maSin, rodesac:
sawarmo itovebs aradamakmayofilebel miwodebasTan dakavSirebul valdebule-

bas, romelic uzrunvelyofili ar aris saTanado garantiiT;
sawarmoSi romelime saqonlis (momsaxurebis) gayidvidan amonagebis miReba da-

mokidebulia myidvelis amonagebis wyaroze, romelic man unda miiRos Tavisi
saqonlis an momsaxurebis gayidvis Sedegad;
xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebulia gagzavnili saqonlis damontaJeba da es

piroba mniSvnelovani saxelSekrulebo valdebulebaa, romelic sawarmos jer
ar Seusrulebia;
myidvels ufleba aqvs, xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, uari Tqvas saqonlis an mom-

saxurebis SeZenaze da, amdenad, sawarmosaTvis gaurkvevelia ukugebis miRebis
SesaZlebloba (bass 18).
maSasadame, bass-is mixedviT nebadarTulia Semosavlebis aRiareba moxdes

saqonlis miwodebis Semdeg.
218
garigeba saqonlis Semdgomi miwodebis Sesaxeb, rodesac myidveli iRebs sa-
kuTrebis uflebas da angariSis ganaRdebis valdebulebas, SesaZlebelia
iTvaliswinebdes saqonlis miwodebis gadavadebas myidvelis moTxovniT. am
SemTxvevaSi amonagebis aRiareba xdeba maSin, rodesac myidveli miiRebs sakuTre-
bis uflebas, im pirobiT, rom:
SesaZlebeli iqneba saqonlis miwodebis ganxorcieleba;
saxeze arsebobs is saqoneli, romelic identificirebulia da mzad aris
myidvelisaTvis gasagzavnad im momentisaTvis, rodesac xdeba realizaci-
is aRiareba;
myidveli specialuri SeTanxmebis Sesabamisad adasturebs saqonlis miwo-
debis gadavadebas; da
gamoiyeneba gadaxdis Cveulebrivi pirobebi.
gadavadebuli gayidvisas saqonlis miwodeba ganxorcieldeba mxolod maSin,

rodesac myidveli sabolood gaasworebs angariSs, nawil-nawil gadaxdis piro-
bebSi. amgvari realizaciidan amonagebis aRiareba xdeba mas Semdeg, rodesac saqo-
neli mitanili iqneba adgilze.
amonagebis aRiareba ar xdeba, Tu arsebobs mxolod saqonlis SeZenis an war-
moebis survili, misi droulad miwodebis mizniT.
garigeba saqonlis miwodebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba iTvaliswinebdes
miwodebuli saqonlis damontaJebas da teqnikur Semowmebas. am SemTxvevaSi amona-
gebis aRiareba maSin moxdeba, rodesac myidveli miiRebs miwodebul saqonels da
misi damontaJeba da teqnikuri Semowmeba damTavrdeba. amonagebis aRiareba
gatardeba:
miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, amonagebis aRiareba SesaZloa ganxorcieldes mi-

wodebuli saqonlis miRebisTanave im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac:
damontaJebis procesi martivia; an
teqnikuri Semowmeba xorcieldeba mxolod saboloo saxelSekrulebo fase-
bis dadgenis mizniT.
219
saboloo saxelSekrulebo fasebis dadgenis mizniT teqnikuri Semowmebis
ganxorcieldebisas amonagebis aRiareba SesaZloa ganxorcieldes miwodebuli sa-
qonlis miRebisTanave, Tu:
myidvels aqvs saqonlis dabrunebis SezRuduli uflebebi;
saqonlis gayidva xdeba konsignaciiT;
saqonlis miwodebisTanave xdeba fulis gadaxda.
garigeba saqonlis miwodebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba iTvaliswinebdes myidvelis

mier saqonlis dabrunebis SezRudul uflebebs. am SemTxvevaSi amonagebis aRiare-
ba unda moxdes maSin, rodesac myidveli oficialurad miiRebs miwodebul saqone-
ls an saqoneli mitanilia adgilze da uaris Tqmis vada amowurulia.
saqonlis gayidva dabrunebis uflebiT buRaltrul aRricxvaSi Semdegnairad

aisaxeba:
1. Semdgomi gadaxdis pirobiT saqonlis miwodebisas:
a. Semosavlis aRiareba:
b. gayiduli saqonlis TviTRirebulebis Camowera:

d-ti _ gayiduli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba;
k-ti _ saqoneli.
2. myidvelis mier saqonlis Rirebulebis gadaxda:
k-ti _ moTxovnebi miwodebiT da momsaxurebiT.
3. gayiduli saqonlis nawilis dabruneba:
a. gasayidi RirebulebiT:
d-ti _ gayiduli saqonlis dabruneba da fasdaTmoba;
k-ti _ valdebuleba saqonlis dabrunebiT.
b. TviTRirebulebiT:
d-ti _ saqoneli;
220
k-ti _ gayiduli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba.
myidvelis mier saqonlis dabrunebis SemTxvevaSi unda moxdes gadasaxdeli

dRg-is angariSis koreqtireba:
d-ti _ gayiduli saqonlis dabruneba da fasdaTmoba;
d-ti _ gadasaxdeli dRg;
k-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi;
k-ti _ valdebulebebi gayiduli saqonlis dabrunebiT.
4. sakompensacio Tanxis gadaxda:
d-ti _ valdebuleba saqonlis dabrunebiT;
5. Semosavlebis koreqtireba:
angariSi `gayiduli saqonlis dabruneba da fasdaTmoba~ daixureba, riTac
moxdeba realizaciidan miRebuli Semosavlebis koreqtireba:
d-ti _ Semosavali realizaciidan;
k-ti _ gayiduli saqonlis dabruneba da fasdaTmoba.
6. saangariSgebo periodis bolos, Semosavlebisa da xarjebis amsaxveli

angariSebis daxurva:
a. d-ti _ Semosavali realizaciidan;
k-ti _ saangariSgebo periodis mogeba/zarali;
b. d-ti _ saangariSgebo periodis mogeba/zarali;

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqonlis dabruneba moxda myidvelis mier davalianebis

Tanxis dafarvamde, igive operaciebi buRaltrul aRricxvaSi Semdegnairad
aisaxeba:
1. Semdgomi gadaxdis pirobiT saqonlis miwodebisas:
a. Semosavlis aRiareba:

221
b. gayiduli saqonlis TviTRirebulebis Camowera:
d-ti _ gayiduli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba;
k-ti _ saqoneli.
2. gayiduli saqonlis nawilis dabruneba:
a. gasayidi RirebulebiT:
d-ti _ gayiduli saqonlis dabruneba;
k-ti _ valdebuleba saqonlis dabrunebiT.
b. TviTRirebulebiT:
d-ti _ saqoneli;
3. gayiduli saqonlis Rirebulebis gadaxda myidvelis mier:

4. Semosavlebis koreqtireba:
d-ti _ Semosavali realizaciidan;
k-ti _ gayiduli saqonlis dabruneba.
saqonlis gayidva konsignaciiT gulisxmobs, rom saqonlis mimRebi (myidveli)

Tavis Tavze iRebs valdebulebas, saqoneli gayidos tvirTis mimwodeblis saxe-
liT. saqonlis gamgzavni amonagebs aRiarebs maSin, rodesac saqonlis mimRebi mas
mesame pirze gayidis.
saqonlis gayidva SeiZleba aseve, ganxorcieldes Suamaval mxareze, distri-
butorebze, dilerebze an sxva pirebze, romlebic axdenen saqonlis gadayidvas
uSualod momxmareblebze. Cveulebriv, amgvari realizaciidan amonagebis aRiareba
xdeba maSin, rodesac moxdeba saqonlis sakuTrebasTan dakavSirebuli riskebisa
da sargeblis gadacema. miuxedavad amisa, Tu myidveli arsebiTad moqmedebs ro-
gorc agenti, gayidva iTvleba konsignaciur gayidvad.
gayiduli saqonlis Rirebulebis an gayidvis Sesaxeb Setyobinebis miRebis
safuZvelze moxdeba amonagebis aRiareba.
konsignaciiT saqonlis gayidva buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba:
1. saqonlis miwodeba konsignatorisaTvis:
d-ti _ saqoneli konsignaciiT;
222
k-ti _ saqoneli.
2. amonagebis aRiareba fulis miRebisas:

3. imavdroulad, gayiduli saqonlis TviTRirebulebis Camowera:

d-ti - gayiduli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba;
k-ti - saqoneli konsignaciiT.
garigeba saqonlis miwodebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba iTvaliswinebdes avansad ga-

daxdas (srulad an nawilobri) im saqonlis miwodebisaTvis, romelic mocemul
momentSi ar arsebobs sasaqonlo-materialuri maragis saxiT. aseT SemTxvevebSi
amonagebis aRiareba moxdeba maSin, rodesac saqoneli mitanili iqneba myidvelTan,
radgan winaswar gadaxdili Tanxa warmoadgens sawarmos valdebulebas myidvelis
winaSe, anu gamoumuSavebel (daumsaxurebel) Semosavals. Sesabamisad, Tanxis
avansad miReba buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d_ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi;
k_ti _ miRebuli avansebi.
saqonlis miwodebisa da myidvelTan mitanisas moxdeba misi Rirebulebis

aRiareba Semosavlad, Sesabamisi valdebulebebis, anu miRebuli avansebis
Semcirebis gziT:
d_ti _ miRebuli avansebi (saerTo TanxiT);

223
8.4. momsaxurebis gawevidan miRebuli
amonagebis aRricxva
momsaxurebis gaweva, Tavisi ekonomikuri SinaarsiT, saqonlis miwodebis

identuria. igi SeiZleba erT an ramdenime saangariSgebo periods moicavdes.
amitom momsaxurebis gawevidan miRebuli Semosavlebis aRiareba da aRricxva
momsaxurebis xelSekrulebis pirobebzea damokidebuli.
bass 18-is mixedviT, momsaxurebis gawevidan miRebuli Semosavlebis
aRiareba xdeba balansis Sedgenis TariRisaTvis, momsaxurebis xelSekrulebis
Sesrulebis stadiis mixedviT, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu SesaZlebelia momsaxurebis ga-
wevis Sedegebis saimedod gansazRvra.
bass-is mixedviT, momsaxurebis miwodebis Sedegebis saimedod Sefaseba maSin

aris SesaZlebeli, Tu dakmayofilebulia Semdegi pirobebi:
amonagebis Tanxis gansazRvra SesaZlebelia saimedod;
mocemuli operaciidan mosalodnelia ekonomikuri sargeblis Semosvla sawar-

moSi;
SesaZlebelia momsaxurebis miwodebis xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis stadiis sa-

imedod dadgena, balansis Sedgenis TariRisaTvis;
SesaZlebelia momsaxurebaze ukve gaweuli da xelSekrulebis mTlianad Sesru-

lebisaTvis saWiro danaxarjebis saimedod Sefaseba (bass 18).
momsaxurebis gawevis stadiis gaTvaliswinebiT amonagebis aRiareba, procen-

tuli Sesrulebis meTodis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. am meTodis Tanaxmad, amona-
gebis asaxva xdeba momsaxurebis gawevis Sesabamis saangariSgebo periodebSi.
sawarmos SeuZlia amonagebis saimedod Sefaseba, Tu momsaxurebis miwodebis

xelSekrulebaSi gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba:
TiToeuli mxaris uflebebi momsaxurebis miwodebasa da miRebasTan dakavSire-

biT;
anazRaurebis pirobebi;
angariSsworebis wesi.
momsaxurebis miwodebis xelSekrulebis Sesrulebis stadiis dadgena sxva-

dasxva meTodiTaa SesaZlebeli. sameurneo operaciis bunebidan gamomdinare, es me-
Todebi SeiZleba gulisxmobdes mocemuli TariRisaTvis:
224
Sesrulebuli samuSaos gamokvlevas;
Sesrulebuli momsaxurebis procentuli Tanafardobis gaangariSebas mTeli

momsaxurebis mimarT;
gaweuli danaxarjebis Tanafardobis gaangariSebas mocemul operaciasTan da-

kavSirebuli danaxarjebis saerTo Tanxis mimarT.
is danaxarjebi, romlebic asaxavs mocemuli TariRisaTvis Sesrulebul

momsaxurebas, xarjis saxiT aisaxeba mocemuli TariRisaTvis. xolo is danaxarje-
bi, romlebic saWiroa momsaxurebis dasasruleblad, CarTuli iqneba operaciis
saerTo danaxarjebis SefasebaSi.
momsaxurebis gawevidan miRebuli amonagebis aRiareba xdeba mxolod maSin,

rodesac mosalodnelia mocemuli operaciidan ekonomikuri sargeblis Semosvla
sawarmoSi. buRaltrul aRricxvaSi momsaxurebis gawevidan miRebuli Semosavali
aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis amsaxveli angariSebi; an
an, momsaxurebis gamwevi sawarmo Tu aris damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadis

gadamxdeli, buRaltruli gatarebiT:
d-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis amsaxveli angariSebi (saerTo TanxiT); an
miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, amonagebad aRiarebis Semdeg, SeiZleba gaCndes

ganusazRvreloba Tanxis miRebaze. aseT SemTxvevaSi àmouRebeli Tanxa anu Tan-
xa, romlis amoRebis albaToba nulis tolia, aRiarebuli iqneba rogorc xarji
da ara rogorc Tavdapirvelad aRiarebuli amonagebis Tanxis koreqtireba~ (bass
18).
d-ti _ saeWvo da uimedo valebis xarji;

225
garigeba momsaxurebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba iTvaliswinebdes avansad (srulad
an nawilobri) gadaxdas. momxmareblebisagan nawil-nawil gadaxdili Tanxebi da
avansebi xSirad ar asaxavs Sesrulebuli momsaxurebis sidides. amitom, Tu `mom-
saxurebis gaweva xdeboda mravaljeradi aqtis Sedegad, garkveuli periodis gan-
mavlobaSi, Semosavlis aRiareba xdeba Tanabarzomierad, momsaxurebis gawevis
mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi, Tu ar arsebobs imis safuZveli, rom romelime
sxva meTodis gamoyenebiT ufro zustad SeiZleba momsaxurebis Sesrulebis sta-
diis asaxva~ (bass 18).
Semosavlis aRiareba gaweul momsaxurebaze momxmareblebisagan miRebuli

avansebis Semcirebis gziT, buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d_ti _ miRebuli avansebi (saerTo TanxiT);
k-ti _ Semosavali realizaciidan (momsaxurebis TanxiT);
8.5. procentebis, roialtebisa da dividendebis
aRricxva
bass 18-is Sesabamisad, sawarmos aqtivebis sxva pirTa mier gamoyenebidan mi-
Rebuli amonagebi procentebis, roialtebisa da dividendebis saxiT buRaltrul
aRricxvaSi unda aisaxos, Tu:
mosalodnelia, rom mocemuli operaciidan momavalSi sawarmoSi Semova ekono-

mikuri sargebeli; da
SesaZlebelia amonagebis sididis saimedod Sefaseba.
procentebis aRiareba xdeba efeqturi saprocento meTodis gamoyenebiT.
efeqturi saprocento meTodi aris finansuri aqtivisa Tu finansuri val-

debulebis (an finansuri aqtivebisa Tu finansuri valdebulebebis jgufis) amor-
tizebuli Rirebulebis gamoTvlisa da saprocento Semosavlebis an xarjebis Se-
sabamis periodSi gadanawilebis meTodi.
sawarmos aqtivebis sxva pirTa mier gamoyenebidan miRebuli procentebi

amonagebad aRiardeba, Tu es saqmianoba sawarmosaTvis ZiriTadia, magaliTad,
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bankebisaTvis. sxva SemTxvevaSi, miRebuli an misaRebi procentebi Semosulobebs
warmoadgens da sawarmos buRaltrul aRricxvaSi arasaoperacio Semosavlebis
saxiT aRiricxeba:
d-ti - fuladi saSualebebis amsaxveli angariSebi; an
d-ti - misaRebi procentebi;
k-ti - saprocento Semosavlebi.
bass 18-is bixedviT, Tu gadasaxdeli procentis daricxva procentiani inves-

ticiebis (fasiani qaRaldebis) SeZenamde moxda, momaval periodSi misaRebi sapro-
cento Semosavali gadanawildeba fasiani qaRaldebis SeZenis wina da momdevno pe-
riodebze; am SemTxvevaSi, amonagebis saxiT aRiarebuli iqneba mxolod momdevno
periodis saprocento Semosavali. rogorc ki kuTvnil fasian qaRaldebze gamoc-
xaddeba dividendebis gacema maT SeZenamde miRebuli wminda Semosavlidan, es di-
videndebi gamoiqviTeba fasiani qaRaldebis Rirebulebidan (bass 18).
sawarmos buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba:
1. investiciebis (fasiani qaRaldebis) SeZena:
d-ti - investiciebi sawarmos fasian qaRaldebSi (TviTRirebulebiT);

d-ti - misaRebi dividendebi (SeZenamde gamocxadebuli dividendebis nawiliT);
k-ti - fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi (SeZenis TanxiT).
2. gamocxadebuli dividendebis miReba:

k-ti - misaRebi dividendebi.
magaliTi:
sawarmom 1 aprils SeiZina 2000 cali aqcia, aqciis nomonaluri Rirebuleba 10

lari, sabazro Rirebuleba 15 lari. SeZenis TariRisaTvis emitentis mier
gamocxadebuli iyo dividendi 1 aqciaze 1,30 lari. brokeris momsaxurebis
Rirebuleba -SeZenili aqciebis 5%. dividendis gacema gaTvaliswinebulia 1
ivliss.
gaangariSeba:
1. investiciebis TviTRirebuleba 31474 lari (30000 + 1500 - 2600):

227
aqciebis SeZenis Rirebuleba 30000 lari (2000 X 15);
_ brokeris momsaxurebis xarji 1500 lari (30000 X 5%).
2. gamocxadebuli dividendebi 2600 (2000 c. X 1,30).
1. moklevadiani aqciebis SeZena:
d-ti moklevadiani investiciebi - 31474;
d-ti - misaRebi dividendebi - 2600;
k-ti - fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi 34074.
2. dividendebis miReba:
d-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi 2600;
k-ti _ misaRebi dividendebi 2600;
roialtebis daricxva da amonagebis saxiT maTi aRiareba xdeba daricxvis

meTodiT, Sesabamisi saxelSekrulebo pirobebis mixedviT. praqtikuli Tvalsazri-
siT, roialtebisa da salicenzio gadasaxdelis daricxva SesaZlebelia wrfivi
meTodis gamoyenebiT, SeTanxmebis vadis ganmavlobaSi.
fiqsirebul gadasaxdelebsa da arakompensirebad garantiebze uflebebis

gadacema Seuqcevadi xelSekrulebis dros, romelic licenziis mimRebs uflebas
aZlevs, Tavisuflad gamoiyenos es uflebebi da licenziis gamcems ar rCeba ara-
viTari Sesasrulebeli valdebuleba, arsebiTad gayidvas niSnavs. aseT SemTxveveb-
Si, amonagebis aRiareba xdeba gayidvisTanave.
Tu salicenzio gadasaxdelis an roialtis miReba an armiReba momavali pe-
riodis movlenebzea damokidebuli, amonagebis aRiareba xdeba mxolod maSin, ro-
desac SesaZlebelia salicenzio gadasaxdelis an roialtis miReba, rac, Cveuleb-
riv, mas Semdeg ganxorcieldeba, rodesac am movlenas eqneba adgili.
dividendebis aRiareba xdeba maSin, rogorc ki ZalaSi Seva aqcioneris uf-

leba dividendebis miRebis Sesaxeb (bass 18). dividendebis daricxva buRaltrul
d-ti _ misaRebi dividendebi;
k-ti _ Semosavali dividendebidan.

228
dividendebis miReba buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
k-ti _ misaRebi dividendebi.
bass-is mixedviT, amonagebis aRiareba xdeba mxolod maSin, rodesac

mosalodnelia operaciidan ekonomikuri sargeblis miReba sawarmoSi. magram Tu
amonagebi ukve asaxulia da amis Semdeg saeWvo gaxda Tanxis miReba, amosaRebi
Tanxa aisaxeba rogorc xarji da ara rogorc Tavdapirvelad aRiarebuli amona-
gebis Tanxis Sesworeba:
d-ti _ saeWvo da uimedo valebis xarji;
k-ti _ misaRebi dividendebi.
8.6. xarjebis aRiareba da

Sefaseba
buRaltrul aRricxvaSi danaxarjebis asaxva da finansur angariSgebaSi

maTi aRiareba Sesabamisobis principidan gamomdinare, uSualodaa dakavSirebuli
Semosavlebis aRiarebasTan.
bass-is mixedviT, sawarmos sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi xarjebis

aRiareba xdeba maSin, Tu sawarmodan momavali ekonomikuri sargeblis gasvla da-
kavSirebuli iqneba aqtivebis SemcirebasTan an valdebulebebis zrdasTan da Tu
SesaZlebelia misi saimedo Sefaseba-gazomva. es ki imas niSnavs, rom xarjebis aRi-
areba-gansazRvra xdeba maSinve, rogorc ki aRiarebuli iqneba aqtivebis Semcireba
an valdebulebebis zrda.
magaliTi:
ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTisa da amortizaciis daricxva niSnavs maTi

amortizirebadi Rirebulebis nawilis xarjad aRiarebas, romelic aisaxeba
finansur angariSgebaSi, kerZod, sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi, cveTisa da
amortizaciis xarjis saxiT. xolo meores mxriv, daricxuli cveTisa da
amortizaciis TanxiT mcirdeba ZiriTadi saSualebebis, rogorc aqtivis
sabalanso Rirebuleba.
229
magaliTi:
sawarmos personalisaTvis xelfasis daricxva, romelic maT mier gaweuli Sromis

anazRaurebas warmoadgens, erTis mxriv, iwvevs sawarmos valdebulebebis zrdas
gadasaxdeli xelfasis saxiT, xolo meores mxriv, igi aRiardeba xarjad da
xelfasis xarjis saxiT aisaxeba finansur angariSgebaSi, kerZod, sruli
Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi.
Semosavlebisa da danaxarjebis Sesabamisobis principis mixedviT, sawarmos

mogebisa da zaralis angariSgebaSi xarjebis aRiareba xdeba maSin, Tu danaxarje-
bis gawevisa da Semosavlebis calkeuli muxlebis miRebis procesebs Soris arse-
bobs pirdapiri kavSiri. es ki imas niSnavs, rom erTi da igive sameurneo operaci-
iT, an movleniT gamowveuli xarjebisa da amonagebis aRiareba erTdroul unda
moxdes. magaliTad, realizebul produqciaze gaweuli sxvadasxva saxis xarji
aRiarebuli iqneba maSinve, rogorc ki sawarmo miiRebs amonagebs mocemuli pro-
duqciis realizaciidan. `roca sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi gaiyideba,
maTi sabalanso Rirebuleba unda aRiardes im periodis xarjebad, rodesac miRe-
bul iqna Sesabamisi Semosavlebi. nebismieri sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobe-
bis neto sarealizacio Rirebulebamde Camoweris Tanxa, agreTve, sasaqonlo-mate-
rialuri faseulobebis danakargis Tanxebi, Sesabamisad, unda aRiardes im perio-
dis xarjebad, roca moxda Camowera an adgili hqonda danakargebs~ (bass 2).

safuZvlebis mixedviT, `Tu ekonomikuri sargeblis Semosvla sawarmoSi mosa-
lodnelia ramdenime saangariSgebo periodis Semdeg da maTi kavSiris dadgena Se-
mosavlebTan mxolod zogadad da arapirdapir aris SesaZlebeli, xarjebis aRia-
reba unda moxdes sistematurad raime Sesabamisi normatiuli ganawilebis princi-
pis mixedviT~.
magaliTi:
iseTi aqtivebis SeZenaze gaweuli xarjebis danaxarjebad aRiareba, rogori-

caa: ZiriTadi saSualebebi, aramaterialuri aqtivebi, xdeba maTi sasargeblo
gamoyenebis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi, cveTis an amortizaciis xarjebis sa-
xiT.
maSasadame, xarjebis ganawilebis aRniSnuli procedurebi iTvaliswinebs

danaxarjebis aRiarebas im saangariSgebo periodebSi, rodesac aRniSnul muxleb-
Tan dakavSirebuli ekonomikuri sargebeli moixmareba an amoiwureba.
230
Tu xarji ar warmoSobs samomavlo ekonomikur sargebels, an am danaxar-
jis Sedegad miRebuli ekonomikuri sargebeli ar SeiZleba aRiarebul da asaxul
iqnes balansSi, rogorc aqtivi, sawarmom sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi xar-
jad unda aRiaros da asaxos misi gawevisTanave.
magaliTi:
masalebis xarji, pirdapiri xelfasis xarji da a.S., Sedis ra damzadebuli

produqciis TviTRirebulebaSi, warmoadgens produqciis erTeulis
TviTRirebulebis gansazRvris safuZvels. damzadebuli produqcia
sarealizaciod aris gamiznuli. saangariSgebo periodis ganmavlobaSi
realizebuli da ararealizebuli produqciis raodenobidan gamomdinare,
gaiangariSeba xarji, romelic aRiardeba sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi
realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebulebis saxiT, xolo ararealizebuli _
balansSi, aqtivis (maragis) saxiT.
xarjis aRiareba sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi, agreTve, moxdeba maSin,

rodesac valdebuleba warmoiqmneba aqtivebis aRiarebis gareSe, magaliTad, garan-
tiis uzrunvelyofiT warmoqmnili valdebuleba.
8.7. konversiis danaxarjebiis aRricxva da

produqciis TviTRirebulebis
gaangariSeba
TviTRirebuleba produqciis warmoebasa da realizaciaze gaweuli

danaxarjebis fuladi gamoxatulebaa. finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisas,
finansuri Sedegebis gansazRvris miznebidan gamomdinare, aucilebelia
realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebulebis gansazRvra da misi aRiareba
sawarmos sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi. es ki, warmoebis (konversiis)
danaxarjebis aRricxvisa da damzadebuli produqciis TviTRirebulebis
gansazRvris safuZvelze xdeba.
konversiis (gadamuSavebis) danaxarjebi moicavs iseT danaxarjebs, romle-
bic uSualodaa dakavSirebuli produqciis erTeulis warmoebasTan. konversiis
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(gadamuSavebis) danaxarjebi da Sesabamisad, produqciis TviTRirebuleba sam
ZiriTad elements moicavs. es elementebia:
- materialuri danaxarjebi;
- SromiTi danaxarjebi;
- sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebi.
konversiis materialuri danaxarjebi samrewvelo sawarmoebSi ZiriTadi da

damxmare masalebis danaxarjebs warmoadgens.
ZiriTadi masala (nedleuli) Seqmnili produqciis nivTieri safuZvelia,

misi substanciaa. ZiriTadi masalebi SeiZleba warmoebuli produqciis
TviTRirebulebas pirdapir, an arapirdapir (ganawilebiT) miekuTvnos. aseve,
warmoebuli produqciis TviTRirebulebaze pirdapiri gziT mikuTvnebuli
masalebi yovelTvis ar warmoadgenen ZiriTad masalebs da isini SeiZleba
damxmare masalebi iyos.
damxmare masalebi Seqmnili produqciis mTavar saxes ar warmoadgens,

magram aucilebelia mis Sesaqmnelad. isini an moixmarebian Sromis saSualebebis
mier (sawvav-sacxebi masalebi _ manqanebis mier), an uerTdebian masalebs da
monawileoben operaciebSi.
konversiis (gadamuSavebis) SromiTi danaxarjebi produqciis warmoebaze
uSualod dasaqmebuli personalis Sromis anazRaurebis, anu xelfasis xarjebs
warmoadgenen. amitom aseTi xarjebi pirdapiri xelfasis saxelwodebiT aisaxeba.
im personalis xelfasi, romelic dasaqmebulia warmoebis procesSi, emsaxureba
mas, magram uSualod ar monawileobs calkeuli produqciis damzadebaSi,
arapirdapir xelfasad aisaxeba, an miekuTvneba sawarmoo zednadeb xarjebs.
konversiis (gadamuSavebis) danaxarjebi moicavs agreTve, sistematurad gasa-

nawilebel mudmiv da cvlad zednadeb xarjebs.
mudmivi sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebi iseTi arapirdapiri sawarmoo danaxar-

jebia, romlebic warmoebis moculobis cvlilebasTan mimarTebaSi ucvleli rCe-
ba. magaliTad, aseTi danaxarjebia: cveTisa da amortizaciis danaxarjebi, sawar-
moo mowyobilobebis eqspluataciis xarjebi, agreTve, warmoebis marTvisa da ad-
ministrirebis xarjebi.
232
cvladi sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebi iseTi arapirdapiri sawarmoo danaxar-
jebia, romlebic warmoebis moculobis cvlilebebis pirdapirproporciulad ic-
vleba. magaliTad, damxmare masalebis danaxarjebi, damxmare personalis xelfasi.
konversiis danaxarjebis aRricxvis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania
xarjebis klasifikacia:
maTi xasiaTisa da ekonomikuri daniSnulebis, anu ekonomikuri elementebis
mixedviT;
sawarmoSi maTi funqciebis, anu sakalkulacio muxlebis mixedviT.
aqedan gamomdinare, danaxarjebis buRaltruli aRricxvisas SeiZleba

gamoyenebul iqnes ori meTodi, ekonomikuri elementebisa da sakalkulacio
muxlebis mixedviT danaxarjebis aRricxvis meTodebi. pirveli pasuxobs kiTxvas
ra saxis danaxarjs hqonda adgili saerTod, xolo meore konkretulad raze
iqna gaweuli esa Tu is xarji.
buRaltrul aRricxvaSi danaxarjebis aRricxvis ama Tu im meTodis
gamoyeneba dakavSirebulia finansuri angariSgebis, kerZod, sruli Semosavlebis
angariSgebis momzadebis meTodTan.
ekonomikuri elementebis mixedviT danaxarjebis aRsaricxavad amJamad
moqmedi angariSTa gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulia saoperacio xarjebisaTvis
gankuTvnili Sesabamisi jgufis angariSebi, konkretuli sawarmos profilis
mixedviT:
1. produqciis mwarmoebeli da momsaxurebis sferos sawarmoebisaTvis 7100
realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba;
2. savaWro sawarmoebisaTvis 7200 _ realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba.
ekonomikuri elementebis mixedviT danaxarjebis aRricxvisas SeZenili

sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi SeZenisTanave aRiardeba danaxarjad anu
xdeba sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis aRricxva perioduli meTodiT.
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis aRricxvis perioduli meTodis

gamoyenebisas ar xdeba sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis moZraobis
yoveldRiuri aRricxva uSualod maragebis amsaxvel angariSebze. am meTodis
gamoyenebisas, produqciis mwarmoebeli da momsaxurebis sferos sawarmoebisaTvis
periodis ganmavlobaSi SeZenili maragebi mTlianad daxarjulad iTvleba, amitom
isini SeZenisas aisaxeba sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis (ZiriTadi an
damxmare masalebis, saqonlis) `SeZenis~ angariSis debetSi, fuladi saSualebebis
233
an mowodebiT warmoqmnili valdebulebebis angariSis kreditTan
korespondenciiT:
d-ti _ masalebis danaxarjebi/SeZena; an
d-ti _ gayiduli/SeZenili saqoneli;
k_ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi; an
k-ti _ valdebulebebi mowodebidan.

sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis saboloo (raodenobrivi) naSTi
inventarizaciiT ganisazRvreba, igi Sefasdeba sawarmos mier maragebis Sefasebis
SerCeuli meTodiT (`fifi~, saSualo-Sewonili, da sxva) da gamoiyvaneba
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis naSTebs (sawyis da saboloo) Soris
sxvaoba, romelic warmoadgens koreqtirebad Tanxas. naSTebs Soris sxvaobis
TanxiT moxdeba maragebis sawyisi naSTis koreqtireba, saboloo naSTamde misi
dayvanis mizniT:
d-ti _ maragebis amsaxveli angariSebi;
k-ti _ maragebis koreqtirebis angariSi.
an piriqiT:
d-ti _ maragebis koreqtirebis angariSi;
k-ti _ maragebis amsaxveli angariSebi.
aRniSnuli koreqtirebadi gatarebis Semdeg, ganisazRvreba realizebuli

sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis TviTRirebuleba, romelic warmoadgens
angariSis `realizebuli produqciis (saqonlis) TviTRirebuleba~ debetis naSTs
am momentisaTvis. maSasadame, realizebuli sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis
TviTRirebuleba udris maragebis sawyis naSTs damatebuli maTi SeZena da
gamoklebuli saboloo naSTi.
SromiTi danaxarjebis aRricxvis wesi, ekonomikuri elementebis mixedviT

danaxarjebis aRricxvisas, damokidebulia personalis (muSebis) mier
Sesasrulebel samuSaoze, SromiTi danaxarji gaiweva mxolod erTi konkretuli
produqciis, Tu ramdenime sxvadasxva produqciis dasamzadeblad. miuxedavad
imisa, rom SromiTi danaxarji ZiriTadi xarjia da ekonomikur elements
warmoadgens, pirvel SemTxvevaSi pirdapiri xelfasis, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi
arapirdapiri xelfasis saxiT aisaxeba.
sawarmos buRaltrul aRricxvaSi xelfasis daricxva aisaxeba gatarebiT:

234
d-ti - pirdapiri xelfasi;
d-ti - arapirdapiri xelfasi;
k-ti - gadasaxdeli xelfasi.
sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebi arapirdapir xarjebs warmoadgenen da

TviTRirebulebaSi ganawilebis wesiT aisaxebian.
mudmivi sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebis ganawileba saSualo sawarmoo sim-

Zlavris mixedviT xdeba. saSualo sawarmoo simZlavre ewodeba warmoebis dones,
romlis miRwevac saSualod mosalodnelia ramdenime sawarmoo periodis ganmav-
lobaSi, warmoebis normaluri funqcionirebis pirobebSi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu war-
moebis faqtobrivi done uaxlovdeba warmoebis saSualo simZlavres,
SesaZlebelia am maCveneblis gamoyenebac. bass-is mixedviT, Tu warmoebuli
produqciis erTeulze misakuTvnebeli mudmivi sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebis Tan-
xa ar izrdeba dabali mwarmoeblurobis an mowyobilobebis mocdenebis gamo,
darCeba gaunawilebeli zednadebi xarjebi, romelic ar miekuTvneba
TviTRirebulebas da aisaxeba im periodis xarjebSi, romelSic iqna gaweuli.
magaliTi:
sawarmos gaangariSebiT, wliuri mudmivi sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebi

Seadgens 400000 lars. wliuri saSualo sawarmoo simZlavre 200000 cali.
produqciis erTeulze mudmivi sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebi 2 lari (400000 /
200000). damzadebuli produqciis faqtobrivma raodenobam 180000 cali, xolo mud-
mivma sawarmoo zednadebma xarjebma 400000 lari Seadgina. mudmivi sawarmoo zed-
nadebi xarjebi ganawildeba da TviTRirebulebas miekuTvneba 360000 lari (180000
X 2), xolo saangariSgebo periodis xarjebs 40000 (400000 - 360000).
Tu saangariSgebo periodisTvis damaxasiaTebelia warmoebis araCveulebri-

vad maRali done, produqciis erTeulze mikuTvnebuli mudmivi sawarmoo zednade-
bi xarjebis Tanxa im odenobiT unda Semcirdes, rom ar moxdes sasaqonlo-materi-
aluri faseulobebis Sefaseba TviTRirebulebaze maRali TanxiT.
magaliTi:
sawarmos gaangariSebiT, wliuri mudmivi sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebi

Seadgens 400000 lars. wliuri saSualo sawarmoo simZlavre 200000 cali.
235
produqciis erTeulze mudmivi sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebi 2 lari (400000 /
200000). damzadebuli produqciis faqtobrivma raodenobam 260000 cali, xolo mud-
mivma sawarmoo zednadebma xarjebma 400000 lari Seadgina. TviTRirebulebas
miekuTvneba mudmivi sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebi 400000 lari, anu produqciis
erTeulze 1,54 lari (400000 / 260000).
cvalebadi sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebis ganawileba produqciis erTeulze

xdeba sawarmoo simZlavreebis faqtobrivi gamoyenebis mixedviT.
magaliTi:
konversiis danaxarjebis aRricxva da realizebuli produqciis

TviTRirebulebis gansazRvra ekonomikuri elementebis mixedviT danaxarjebis
aRricxvis meTodiT:
1. sawarmos maragebis naSTi inventarizaciis monacemebiT:

dasaxeleba saangariSgariSgebo saangariSgebo periodis
periodis dasawyisSi bolos
raod-ba fasi Rireb-a raod-ba fasi Rireb-a

(lari) (lari)
masalebi 250 60 15000 268

mza produqcia 87 100 8700 257
daumTavrebeli warmoeba 7900 3125
2. a) sawarmos maragebis Sefasebis meTodia - `fifo~;

b) aRricxvis gamartivebis mizniT, masalebis SeZena aRricxulia `masalebis~
angariSze.
3. sawarmos saangariSgebo periodis sameurneo operaciebi:

1. SeZenilia masalebi 600 erTeuli, erTeulis fasi - 50 lari, Rirebuleba -
30.000 lari, dRg 5400 lari. fuli gadaricxulia sabanko angariSidan;
2. miRebulia masalebi momwodeblebisagan 818 erTeuli, erTeulis fasi - 55

lari, Rirebuleba - 44990 lari, dRg 8098 lari, sul 53088 lari;
3. sawyobidan gacemulia masalebi, romelic daixarja warmoebaSi produqciis

dasamzadeblad 1400 erTeuli;
236
4. daricxulia muSebis xelfasi 27975 lari;
5. warmoebidan miRebulia mza produqcia 120 cali;
6. myidvelebs Semdgomi gadaxdis pirobiT gaegzavnaT mza produqcia 100 cali,

erTeulis gasayidi fasi 150 lari; Rirebuleba 15.000 lari; dRg 2700 lari;
sul 17700 lari;
8. myidvelebs gaegzavna produqcia 660 cali, erTeulis fasi 150 lari,

Rirebuleba 99.000 lari, dRg 17.820 lari, sul 116820 lari;

Rirebuleba 40.500 lari, dRg 7290 lari, sul 47790 lari. angariSsworeba
miwodebisTanave, Tanxa Caricxulia sabanko angariSze.
buRaltruli aRricxvis mTavari Jurnali
TariRi angariSebis dasaxeleba aRniSv debeti krediti

na
1 masalebi 1620 30000
gadaxdili dRg 3340 5400
Ferovnuli valuta bankSi 1210 35400
2 masalebi 1620 44990
valdebulebebi mowodebiT 3110 53088
4 pirdapiri xelfasi 7100 27975
gadasaxdeli xelfasi 3130 27975
6 moTxovnebi miwodebiT 1410 17700
gadasaxdeli dRg 3330 2700
9 erovnuli valuta bankSi 1210 47790
237
koreqtirebebi:
1 masalebis xarji 7100 75250

masalebi 1620 75250
2 maragebis koreqtireba 7100 4775
3 mza produqcia 1640 14430
maragebis (mza produqcia) koreqtireba 7100 14430
1 Semosavali realizaciidan 6110 154500
saangariSgebo periodis mogeba/zarali 5330 154500
2 saangariSgebo periodis mogeba/zarali 5330 93570
realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba 7100 93570
gaunawilebeli mogeba 5310 60930
buRaltruli aRricxvis mTavari wigni

erovnuli valuta bankSi angariSi #1210
naSTi periodis dasawyisSi 50000 50000
1 masalebi 1620 35400 14600
9 Semosavali realizaciidan 6110 47790 62390

masalebi angariSi #1620

1 Ferovnuli valuta bankSi 1210 30000 45000
2 valdebulebebi mowodebiT 3110 44990 89990
koreq 1 masalebis xarji 7100 75250 14740
238
daumTavrebeli warmoeba angariSi #1630
koreq 2 maragebis koreqtireba 7100 4775 3125
mza produqcia angariSi #1640

koreq 3 maragebis koreqtireba 7100 14430 23130

2 masalebi 1620 53088 53088
gadasaxdeli xelfasi angariSi #3130

4 pirdapiri xelfasi 7100 27975 27975
gadasaxdeli dRg angariSi #3330

6 moTxovnebi miwodebiT 1410 2700 2700
9 erovnuli valuta bankSi 1210 7290 27810
gadaxdili dRg angariSi #3340


dax. 3 saang. periodis mogeba 5330 60930 60930
239
dax. 1 Semosavali realizaciidan 6110 154500 154500
dax. 2 realizebuli produqciis 7100 93570 60930
TviTRirebuleba
dax. 3 angariSis daxurva 5310 60930 0

dax. 1 daxurva 5330 154500 0
realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba angariSi #7100

kor. 1 masalebis xarji 1620 75250 103225
kor. 2 maragebis koreqtireba 1630 4775 108000
kor. 3 maragebis koreqtireba 1640 14430 93570
maragebis raodenobrivi aRricxvis baraTebi

masalebi
TariRi Sinaarsi Semosavali gasavali saldo (cali)
(cali) (cali)
r-ba fasi r-ba fasi r-ba fasi
naSTi periodis dasawyisSi 250 60 250
1 SeZena 600 50 850
2 SeZena 818 55 1668
3 xarjva 1668 1400 268 55
240
mza produqcia
TariRi Sinaarsi Semosavali gasavali saldo
(cali) (cali) (cali)
3 damzadebulia 120 207
5 gayidulia 100 107
8 gayidulia 660 527
9 gayidulia 270 257
sul 1287 1030
gaangariSebebi:
maragebis koreqtireba:
1. masalebi
saangariSgebo periodis bolos, inventarizaciis monacemebiT, masalebis naSTi
sawyobSi 268 erTeulia.
masalebis Sefaseba `fifos~ meTodiT:
daixarja produqciis warmoebaze:
250 erTeuli X 60 l. = 15000 lari;
600 erTeuli X 50 l. = 30000 lari;
550 erTeuli X 55 l. = 30250 lari;
sul 1400 erTeuli, 75250 lari
masalebis naSTi periodis bolos 268 erTeuli X 55 l. = 14740 lari.
2. daumTavrebeli warmoeba periodis bolos Sefasda 3125 larad;

daumTavrebeli warmoebis naSTebs Soris sxvaoba anu koreqtirebadi Tanxa 4775
laria (7900-3125).
3. damzadebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba 108000 laria;

sul damzadebulia 1200 cali produqcia;
erTeuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba 90 laria (108000 / 1200).

241
(xarjebis ekonomikuri Sinaarsis mixedviT)
amonagebi 154500
sxva Semosavlebi 0
cvlilebebi mza produqciisa da daumTavrebeli
warmoebis maragSi (9655)
gamoyenebuli nedleuli da masalebi 75250
personalis Senaxvis xarjebiA 27975
sxva xarjebi 0
sul xarjebi (93570)
mogeba 60930
sakalkulacio muxlebis mixedviT danaxarjebis aRricxvis meTodis

gamoyenebisas, moqmedi angariSTa gegmiT, produqciis TviTRirebulebis
formirebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis jgufis
angariSi _ 1630 `daumTavrebeli warmoeba~. igi aqtiuri, sakalkulacio angariSia,
mis debetSi aisaxeba daumTavrebeli warmoebis sawyisi da saboloo naSTebi
(inventarizaciis monacemebiT), konversiis rogorc pirdapiri (ZiriTadi), aseve
sawarmoo zednadebi danaxarjebi, xolo kreditSi aisaxeba periodis
ganmavlobaSi warmoebidan dabrunebuli gamouyenebeli masalebi
(TviTRirebulebiT), warmoebis narCenebi (SesaZlo gamoyenebis fasebiT),
wundebuli, arastandartuli produqcia (danakargebis TviTRirebulebiT).
sakalkulacio muxlebis mixedviT danaxarjebis aRricxvisas SeZenili

sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis moZraoba (SeZena, xarjva) uSualod
aisaxeba am faseulobebis amsaxvel angariSebze, anu xdeba sasaqonlo-
materialuri faseulobebis aRricxva uwyveti (mudmivi) meTodiT.
uwyveti meTodis gamoyenebisas, sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis

miReba da xarjva buRaltrul aRricxvaSi yoveldRiurad, qronologiuri
TanmimdevrobiT aisaxeba. SeZena aisaxeba sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis
Sesabamisi angariSebis debetSi, fuladi saSualebebis an mowodebiT warmoqmnili
valdebulebebis angariSebis kreditTan korespondenciiT:
d_ti - gadaxdili dRg;
242
warmoebidan dauxarjavi masalebisa da meoradi gamoyenebis narCenebis

sawarmos sawyobSi dabruneba buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d_ti - masalebi;
rac Seexeba warmoebaSi damzadebul mza produqcias, igi periodis

ganmavlobaSi SemosavalSi aiReba normatiuli RirebulebiT, mza produqciis
angariSis debetSi da Seamcirebs daumTavrebel warmoebas:
d_ti - mza produqcia;
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis sawarmodan gacema, xarjva,

realizacia, TviTRirebulebiT aisaxeba saoperacio xarjebisaTvis gankuTvnili
Sesabamisi jgufis angariSebze, konkretuli sawarmos profilis mixedviT.
produqciis mwarmoebeli da momsaxurebis sferos sawarmoebisaTvis:
d-ti realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba;
k-ti _ mza produqcia.
savaWro sawarmoebisaTvis:
d-ti _ realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba;
k-ti _ saqoneli.
sakalkulacio muxlebis mixedviT danaxarjebis aRricxvisas pirdapiri

SromiTi danaxarjebi buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti _ daumTavrebeli warmoeba;
xolo sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebis produqciis TviTRirebulebaze

mikuTvneba aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti _ daumTavrebeli warmoeba;
k-ti _ sawarmoo zednadebi xarjebi.
saangariSgebo periodis bolos, `daumTavrebeli warmoebis~ angariSis

monacemebis safuZvelze, ganisazRvreba warmoebuli produqciis faqtobrivi
TviTRirebuleba: daumTavrebeli warmoebis naSTs periodis dasawyisSi daemateba
periodis warmoebis danaxarjebi, anu `daumTavrebeli warmoebis~ angariSis
243
debetis brunva, gamoakldeba kreditis brunva da daumTavrebeli warmoebis naSTi
periodis bolos.
relizebuli produqciis TviTRirebulebis gansazRvrisaTvis mza
produqciis naSTs periodis dasawyisSi unda daematos periodis
ganmavlobaSi damzadebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba da gamoakldes
mza produqciis naSTi periodis bolos.
saangariSgebo periodis bolos, erTeuli produqciis faqtobrivi
TviTRirebulebis gaangariSebis Semdeg, ganisazRvreba sxvaoba faqtobriv da
normatiul TviTRirebulebas Soris, romlis gamravlebiT periodis ganmavlobaSi
warmoebuli produqciis raodenobaze miiReba koreqtirebadi Tanxa. Sesabamisad,
kuTvnili koreqtirebadi TanxiT moxdeba `mza produqciis~, `daumTavrebeli
warmoebis~ da `realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebulebis~ angariSebis
koreqtireba.
masalebis xarjva warmoebaSi produqciis dasamzadeblad, daumTavrebeli
warmoebis mqone sawarmoebSi, pirdapir aisaxeba daumTavrebeli warmoebis
angariSis debetSi, masalebis angariSis kreditTan korespodenciiT:
d_ti - daumTavrebeli warmoeba;
k_ti - masalebi.
magaliTi:
konversiis danaxarjebis aRricxva da realizebuli produqciis
TviTRirebulebis gansazRvra sakalkulacio muxlebis mixedviT danaxarjebis
aRricxvis meTodiT:
1. sawarmos maragebis naSTi inventarizaciis monacemebiT:

dasaxeleba saangariSg. periodis saangariSgebo periodis
dasawyisSi bolos
raod-ba fasi Rireb-a raod-ba fasi Rireb-a
(lari) (lari)
masalebi 250 60 15000 268
mza produqcia 87 100 8700 257
2. informacia sawarmos saaRricxvo politikidan:

a. sawarmos maragebis Sefasebis meTodi - `fifo~;
b. mza produqciis erTeulis normatiuli Rirebuleba saangariSgebo periodSi
80 lari.
244
3. sawarmos saangariSgebo periodis sameurneo operaciebi:
1. SeZenilia masalebi 600 erTeuli, erTeulis fasi - 50 lari, Rirebuleba -

30.000 lari, dRg 5400 lari. fuli gadaricxulia sabanko angariSidan;
2. miRebulia masalebi momwodeblebisagan 818 erTeuli, erTeulis fasi - 55

lari, Rirebuleba - 44990 lari, dRg 8098 lari, sul 53088 lari;
3. sawyobidan gacemulia masalebi, romelic daixarja warmoebaSi produqciis

dasamzadeblad 1400 erTeuli, 75250 lari;
4. daricxulia muSebis xelfasi 27975 lari;
5. warmoebidan miRebulia mza produqcia 120 cali, normatiuli Rirebuleba 9600

lari;
6. myidvelebs Semdgomi gadaxdis pirobiT gaegzavnaT mza produqcia 100 cali,

erTeulis gasayidi fasi 150 lari; Rirebuleba 15.000 lari; dRg 2700 lari;
sul 17700 lari;

Rirebuleba 99.000 lari, dRg 17.820 lari, sul 116820 lari;

Rirebuleba 40.500 lari, dRg 7290 lari, sul 47790 lari. angariSsworeba
miwodebisTanave, Tanxa Caricxulia sabanko angariSze.
buRaltruli aRricxvis mTavari Jurnali

TariRi angariSebis dasaxeleba aRniSvna debeti krediti
1 masalebi 1620 30000
Ferovnuli valuta bankSi 1210 35400
2 masalebi 1620 44990
245
masalebi 1620 75250
6 a) moTxovnebi miwodebiT 1410 17700
b) gayiduli produqciis 7100 8000
TviTRirebuleba
mza produqcia 1640 8000
8 a) moTxovnebi miwodebiT 1410 116820
b) gayiduli produqciis 7100 52800
TviTRirebuleba
9 erovnuli valuta bankSi 1210 47790
b) gayiduli produqciis TviTRirebuleba 7100 21600
koreqtirebebi:
1 gayiduli produqciis TviTRirebuleba 7100 12000
gayiduli produqciis TviTRirebuleba 7100 830
saangariSgebo periodis mogeba/zarali 5330 154500
realizebuli produqc. TviTRirebuleba 7100 93570

246
buRaltruli aRricxvis mTavari wigni
erovnuli valuta bankSi angariSi #1210
1 masalebi 1620 35400 14600

masalebi angariSi #1620

1 Ferovnuli valuta bankSi 1210 30000 45000
3 masalebis xarji 1630 75250 14740
daumTavrebeli warmoeba angariSi #1630

TariRi Sinaarsi miniSn. debeti krediti saldo
3 masalebi 1620 75250 83150
4 xelfasis xarji 3130 27975 111125
5 mza produqcia 1640 9600 101525
7 mza produqcia 1640 86400 15125
kor. 1 gayiduli produqciis TviTRir. 7100 12000 3125
mza produqcia angariSi #1640

5 daumTavrebeli warmoeba 1630 9600 18300
6 gayiduli produqcia 7100 8000 10300
7 daumTavrebeli warmoeba 1630 86400 96700
koreq 2 gayiduli produqciis TviTRir. 7100 830 23130
247
2 masalebi 1620 53088 53088
gadasaxdeli xelfasi angariSi #3130

gadasaxdeli dRg angariSi #3330

gadaxdili dRg angariSi #3340


TariRi Sinaarsi miniSneb debeti krediti saldo
dax. 3 saang. periodis mogeba 5330 60930 60930

dax. 1 Semosavali realizaciidan 6110 154500 154500
dax. 2 realizebuli produqciis TviTRir. 7100 93570 60930

dax. 1 daxurva 5330 154500 0
248
realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba angariSi #7100
6 mza produqcia 1640 8000 8000
8 mza produqcia 1640 52800 60800
9 mza produqcia 1640 21600 82400
kor. 1 daumTavrebeli warmoeba 12000 94400
kor. 2 mza produqcia 830 93570
3 daxurva 93570 0
maragebis raodenobrivi aRricxvis baraTebi

masalebi
TariRi Sinaarsi Semosavali (cali) gasavali saldo
(cali) (cali)
r-ba fasi Tanxa r-ba fasi Tanxa r-ba fasi Tanxa
naSTi periodis 250 60 15000

dasawyisSi
1 SeZena 600 50 30000
2 SeZena 818 55 44990
3 xarjva 1400 75250
1668 89990 1400 75250 268 55 14740
mza produqcia
TariRi Sinaarsi Semosavali (cali) gasavali (cali) saldo (cali)
r-ba norm. Tanxa r-ba norm. Tanxa r-ba fasi Tanxa

fasi fasi
naSTi periodis 87 8700 87 8700
dasawyisSi
3 damzadebulia 120 80 9600 207
5 gayidulia 100 80 8000 107
7 damzadebulia 1080 80 86400 1187
8 gayidulia 660 80 52800 527
9 gayidulia 270 80 21600 257
sul 1287 104700 1030 82400 257 22300

249
gaangariSebebi:
1. daxarjuli masalebis TviTRirebuleba:

masalebis Sefaseba `fifos~ meTodiT:
daixarja produqciis warmoebaze:
250 erTeuli X 60 l. = 15000 lari;
600 erTeuli X 50 l. = 30000 lari;
550 erTeuli X 55 l. = 30250 lari;
sul 1400 erTeuli, 75250 lari
masalebis naSTi periodis bolos 268 erTeuli X 55 l. = 14740 lari.
2. daumTavrebeli warmoeba periodis bolos Sefasda `fifos~ meTodiT 3125

larad;
3. damzadebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba:

daumTavrebeli warmoebis naSTi periodis dasawyisSi 7900 lari;
masalebis xarji 75250 lari;
xelfasis xarji 27975 lari;
sul 111125 lari;
naSTi periodis bolos (-) 3125 lari;
produqciis TviTRirebuleba 108000 lari.
erTeuli produqciis faqtobrivi TviTRirebuleba 90 lari (108000 / 1200).
sxvaoba mza produqciis TviTRirebulebasa da normatiul Rirebulebas Soris 10

lari (90 - 80);
sul damzadebulia 1200 cali produqcia.
koreqtirebadi Tanxa 12000 lari (1200 cali X 10 l.).
4. realizebuli produqciis faqtobrivi TviTRirebuleba:

mza produqciis naSTi periodis bolos _ 257 cali, TviTRirebuleba _ 23130 lari
(257 X 90 l.)
realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba:
mza produqciis naSTi periodis dasawyisSi 8700 lari;
damzadebulia periodis ganmavlobaSi 108000 lari;
mza produqciis naSTi periodis bolos (_) 23130 lari;
realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba 93570 lari.
koreqtirebadi Tanxa - 830 lari (93570-94400).
250
(xarjebis funqciebis mixedviT)
amonagebi 154500
realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba (93570)
saerTo mogeba 60970
sxva Semosavlebi 0
komerciuli xarjebi (0)
administraciuli xarjebi (0)
sxva xarjebi (0)
mogeba 60970
8.8. periodis xarjebis aRricxva
periodis xarjebi ewodeba iseT xarjebs, romlebic mxolod mimdinare

saangariSgebo periods unda miekuTvnos da momdevno periodebze misi mikuTvneba
dauSvebelia. periodis xarjebia:
- miwodebis xarjebi;
- saerTo da administraciuli xarjebi.
moqmedi angariSTa gegmiT, periodis xarjebis aRsaricxavad

gaTvaliswinebulia angariSebis Semdegi jgufebi: 7300 - `miwodebis xarjebi~ da
7400 - `saerTo da administraciuli xarjebi~.
miwodebis xarjebi anu komerciuli xarjebi produqciis (saqonlis,

momsaxurebis) miwodebasTan (realizaciasTan) dakavSirebuli xarjebia. xarjebis
am jgufs miekuTvneba: reklamis xarjebi, Sromis anazRaureba da sakomisio
gasamrjeloebi, transportirebisa da Senaxvis xarjebi da miwodebis sxva
xarjebi. miwodebis xarjebis aRsaricxavad angariSTa gegmiT gaTvaliswinebulia
Sesabamisi saxelwodebis Semdegi angariSebi:
7310 - reklamis xarjebi;
7320 - Sromis anazRaureba da sakomisio gasamrjeloebi;
251
7340 - transportirebisa da Senaxvis xarjebi;
7390 - miwodebis sxva xarjebi.
rogorc yvela xarjebis amsaxveli sxva angariSi, `miwodebis xarjebis~

angariSebic aqtiuri angariSebia. saangariSgebo periodis ganmavlobaSi am
angariSebis debetSi grovdeba Sesabamisi xarjebi, romlebic saangariSgebo
periodis bolos kreditiT gadaitaneba da Tavs moiyris 7300 - miwodebis xarjebis
angariSis debetSi da am angariSis saerTo TanxiT miekuTvneba saangariSgebo
periodis mogeba/zaralis angariSs, romlis daxurvis Semdeg aisaxeba finansur
angariSgebaSi, kerZod, sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi, saxelwodebiT -
`miwodebis xarjebi~.
magaliTi:
sawarmom saangariSgebo periodis ganmavlobaSi ganaxorciela Semdegi operaciebi:

1. qalaqis sxvadasxva raionSi reklamis ganTavsebisaTvis sareklamo saagentos
gadauxada 12000 lari.
d-ti - reklamis xarjebi - 12000;
k-ti fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi - 12000.
2. realizebuli produqciis transportirebisaTvis satransporto sawarmos

gadauxada 23000 lari.
d-ti - transportirebisa da Senaxvis xarjebi - 23000;
3. daricxulia tvirTis gamcileblebis xelfasi 7000 lari.

d-ti - Sromis anazRaureba da sakomisio gasamrjeloebi - 7000;
k-ti - gadasaxdeli xelfasi - 7000.
4. gadaxdilia sawarmos savaWro obieqtebis dacvisaTvis 3000 lari.

d-ti - miwodebis sxva xarjebi - 3000;
saangariSgebo periodis bolos daixureba xarjebis angariSebi da

gadaitaneba `miwodebis xarjebis~ angariSze:
d-ti - miwodebis xarjebi - 45000;
k-ti - reklamis xarjebi - 12000;
252
k-ti - transportirebisa da Senaxvis xarjebi - 23000;
k-ti - Sromis anazRaureba da sakomisio gasamrjeloebi - 7000;
k-ti - miwodebis sxva xarjebi - 3000.
Semdeg ki, miwodebis xarjebis angariSis daxurviT aisaxeba jer saangariSgebo

periodis mogeba/zaralis angariSze, Semdeg ki, sruli Semosavlebis
angariSgebaSi:
d-ti - saangariSgebo periodis mogeba/zarali - 45000;
k-ti - miwodebis xarjebi - 45000.
saerTo da administraciuli xarjebi warmoebis momsaxurebasa da sawarmos

marTvasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebia. saerTo da administraciuli xarjebs
miekuTvneba iseTi xarjebi, rogoricaa: administraciuli personalis Sromis
anazRaurebis xarjebi, saerTo daniSnulebis ZiriTadi saSualebebis, magaliTad,
saofise Senobis, inventaris da a.S. cveTisa da amortizaciis, remontis xarjebi,
dazRvevis xarjebi, ijaris xarjebi, komunikaciis xarjebi, sakonsultacio,
auditoruli, sasamarTlo da iuridiuli momsaxurebis xarjebi, saeWvo
moTxovnebTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi, sagadasaxado xarjebi da sxva.
saerTo da administraciuli xarjebis gamijvna Sida funqciuri
daniSnulebiT da periodebs Soris ganawileba TiTqmis SeuZlebelia.
saerTo da administraciuli xarjebis aRsaricxavad angariSTa gegmiT
gaTvaliswinebulia igive saxelwodebis angariSebis jgufi _ 7400 `saerTo da
administraciuli xarjebi~. rogorc xarjebis amsaxveli yvela sxva angariSi,
saerTo da administraciuli xarjebis angariSebic aqtiuri angariSebia, romlebic
periodis ganmavlobaSi debetiT kribaven Sesabamis xarjebs, xolo periodis
bolos, xarjebis saerTo, jamobrivi Tanxa kreditiT gadaaqvT jer saangariSgebo
periodis mogeba/zaralis angariSze, Semdeg ki, saangariSgebo periodis
mogeba/zaralis angariSis daxurvisa da finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisas _
angariSgebaSi mogebisa da zaralis Sesaxeb, saerTo saxelwodebiT `saerTo da
administraciuli xarjebi~. saerTo da administraciuli xarjebis
SemadgenlobaSi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani xarjia administraciuli personalis
Sromis anazRaurebis xarjebi. periodis ganmavlobaSi administraciuli
personalis xelfasis daricxva buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti _ administraciuli personalis Sromis anazRaurebis xarjebi;
rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, saerTo xarjebs miekuTvneba administraciuli da
saofise Senobebis, avejis da sxva inventaris, saerTo daniSnulebis
253
satransporto saSualebebis, ofisis aRWurvilobis movla-Senaxvisa da cveTis
xarjebi.
saerTo daniSnulebis ZiriTadi saSualebebis movla-Senaxvis xarjebi
periodis ganmavlobaSi aisaxeba saerTo da administraciuli xarjebis
SemadgenlobaSi, angariSze `remontis xarjebi~, xarjebis saxeebis mixedviT:
d-ti _ remontis xarjebi;
k-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi;
k-ti _ masalebi da a.S.
xolo saerTo daniSnulebis ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTisa da amortizaciis
daricxva aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti _ cveTisa da amortizaciis xarji;
k-ti _ Senobebis cveTa;
k-ti _ satransporto saSualebebis cveTa da a.S.
Tu sawarmos aqvs ijariT aRebuli saerTo daniSnulebis ZiriTadi

saSualebebi, magaliTad, saofise Senoba, mimdinare periodis saijaro qiris
daricxva an pirdapir gadaxda aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti _ saijaro qiris xarji;
k-ti _ gadasaxdeli saijaro qira; an
saerTo xasiaTis xarjebia bankis momsaxurebis, satelefono

momsaxurebis, internetis da sxva analogiuri xarjebi, romlebic komunikaciis
xarjebad iwodebian da periodis ganmavlobaSi aRiricxebian gatarebiT:
d-ti _ komunikaciis xarjebi;
k-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi; an
k-ti _ sxva moklevadiani valdebulebebi.
saerTo xasiaTis sagadasaxado xarjs warmoadgens qonebis gadasaxadi

(miwis gadasaxadi). saangariSgebo periodis qonebis gadasaxadis daricxva aisaxeba
gatarebiT:
d-ti _ qonebis gadasaxadis xarji;
k-ti _ gadasaxdeli qonebis gadasaxadi.
Tu sawarmo mizanSewonilad miiCnevs Sesabamisi riskebis dazRvevis mizniT,
warsuli wlebis gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, Seqmnas saeWvo moTxovnebis
rezervi, misi daricxva gatardeba:
d-ti _ saeWvo moTxovnebTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi;
254
k-ti _ saeWvo moTxovnebis koreqtireba (rezervi).
periodis ganmavlobaSi Sesabamis angariSebze dagrovili saerTo da

administraciuli xarjebi saangariSgebo periodis bolos, mTliani jamiT
Camoiwereba da miekuTvneba jer saangariSgebo periodis mogeba/zaralis angariSs,
Semdeg ki, aisaxeba sruli Semosavlebis angariSgebaSi:
k-ti _ saerTo da administraciuli xarjebi.
8.9. sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli

danaxarjebis aRricxva
sawarmo Tavis saqmianobaSi xSirad iyenebs sesxebs. sesxiT sargebloba

yovelTvis garkveul xarjebTanaa dakavSirebuli. sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSi-
rebuli danaxarjebis aRiareba, maTi buRaltruli aRricxva reglamentirebulia
bass 23 - `sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebi~.
bass-is mixedviT, sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebi aris
sawarmos mier nasesxebi saxsrebisaTvis sakuTar Tavze aRebuli procenti da sxva
danaxarjebi.
sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebul danaxarjebSi Sedis:
bankis overdraftis, mokle da grZelvadiani sesxebis saprocento ganakveTebi;
sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli daTmobebisa da danamatebis amortiza-
cia;
sesxis aRebasTan dakavSirebuli organizaciuli danaxarjebis amortizacia;
finansur ijarasTan dakavSirebuli finansuri xarjebi;
ucxour valutaSi aRebul sesxebTan dakavSirebuli sakurso sxvaobis Tanxa,
Tu igi ganixileba rogorc saprocento danaxarjebis Sesworeba.
sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis buRaltruli aRricxvis

sabaziso meTodis mixedviT, `sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebi
unda aRiardes im periodis xarjebad, rodesac iqna gaweuli~ (bass 23).
maSasadame, ZiriTadi saaRricxvo meTodiT, sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSire-
buli yvela saxis danaxarjis xarjebad aRiareba xdeba maTi gawevisTanave, miuxe-
davad imisa, Tu rogor xdeba sesxis gamoyeneba.
255
bankis overdraftis, mokle da grZelvadiani sesxebis saprocento xarjis
aRiareba buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
d-ti _ saprocento xarji;
k-ti _ gadasaxdeli procentebi; an
sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli daTmobebisa da danamatebis amorti-

zacia Tanabarzomieri Camoweris meTodiT xdeba da im periodis xarjad
aRiardeba, romelsac igi ganekuTvneba.
igive wesiT xdeba sesxis aRebasTan dakavSirebuli organizaciuli dana-
xarjebis Camowera (amortizacia).
finansur ijarasTan dakavSirebuli finansuri (saprocento) xarjebi
saijaro valdebulebis Semadgeneli nawilia da saijaro valdebulebis saerTo
Tanxis diskontirebiT gamoiyofa. finansur ijarasTan dakavSirebuli saprocento
xarjebi bass-is moTxovnis Tanaxmad, ijaris mTel periodze unda ganawildes,
yoveli saangariSgebo periodis valdebulebis naSTis mimarT mudmivi
saprocento ganakveTis gamoyenebiT.
finansuri xarjebi aRiardeba moijaris buRaltrul aRricxvaSi da aisaxeba
gatarebiT:
d-ti - saprocento xarji;
k-ti - gadasaxdeli procentebi.
ucxour valutaSi aRebul sesxebTan dakavSirebuli sakurso sxvaoba

xarjad aRiardeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi iwvevs saprocento danaxarjebis Seswo-
rebas.
bass-iT nebadarTulia alternatiuli meTodis gamoyenebac, anu danaxarjebis
kapitalizacia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sesxi pirdapir ukavSirdeba gansakuTrebu-
li aqtivis SeZenis, warmoebis an mSeneblobis process. `gansakuTrebuli aqtivis
SeZenasTan, warmoebasTan an mSeneblobasTan uSualod dakavSirebuli sesxiT sar-
geblobis danaxarjebi unda aRiricxos aRniSnuli aqtivis TviTRirebulebaSi anu
moxdes maTi kapitalizacia.~ (bass 23).
sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis kapitalizebadi
nawilis gansazRvrac standartis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad xorcieldeba.
gansakuTrebuli aqtivi aris iseTi aqtivi, romlis daniSnulebisamebr ga-

mosayeneblad an gasayidad momzadebisaTvis saWiroa drois mniSvnelovani perio-
di.
256
gansakuTrebuli aqtivi SeiZleba iyos sasaqonlo_materialuri faseulobe-
bi, romelTa warmoeba an mSenebloba daniSnulebisamebr gamoyenebis an gasayidad
momzadebisaTvis moiTxovs drois did periods, aseve, sawarmoo Senobebi da nage-
bobebi, Zalovani manqanebi, mowyobiloba da sainvesticio qoneba, sxva saxis inves-
ticiebi, grZelvadiani finansuri dabandebebi.
sxva saxis finansuri dabandebebi, agreTve sasaqonlo-materialuri faseu-
lobebi, romelTa seriuli warmoeba SesaZlebelia drois mokle periodis ganmav-
lobaSi, an aqtivebi, romlebic SeZenisTanave ukve mzad aris daniSnulebisamebr
gamosayeneblad, an gasayidad, ar miekuTvneba gansakuTrebul aqtivebs. Sesabamisad,
am miznebisaTvis aRebuli sesxis sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis bu-
Raltruli aRricxva sabaziso meTodiT xdeba da igi aRiardeba periodis xarjad.
gansakuTrebuli aqtivis SeZenasTan, warmoebasTan an mSeneblobasTan uSua-

lod dakavSirebuli sesxiT sargeblobis danaxarjebi kapitalizdeba, anu Cair-
Tveba aRniSnuli aqtivebis sabalanso RirebulebaSi, Tu momavalSi mosalodnelia
am aqtivebisagan ekonomikuri sargeblis miReba da SesaZlebelia danaxarjebis sa-
imedod Sefaseba. yvela sxva danaxarji, romelic am or pirobas ar daakmayofi-
lebs, maTi gawevisTanave xarjebad unda aRiardes.
gansakuTrebuli aqtivebis SeZenasTan, warmoebasTan an mSeneblobasTan uSu-

alod dakavSirebul danaxarjebs miekuTvneba sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSire-
buli is danaxarjebi, romelTa Tavidan acileba SesaZlebeli iqneboda, aucilebe-
li rom ar yofiliyo gansakuTrebul aqtivebTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis ga-
weva. Tu sawarmo sesxs iRebs mxolod gansakuTrebuli aqtivebis SeZenis, warmoe-
bis an mSeneblobis mizniT, maSin SesaZlebelia sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSire-
buli danaxarjebis im nawilis saimedod gansazRvra, romelic uSualod ukavSir-
deba mocemul aqtivs.
Tu sesxis aReba xdeba romelime konkretuli gansakuTrebuli aqtivis Sesa-
Zenad, sawarmoeblad an asaSeneblad, maSin sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli
danaxarjebis kapitalizebadi nawili ganisazRvreba saangariSgebo periodSi gawe-
uli sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli faqtobrivi danaxarjebidan im sain-
vesticio Semosavlebis Tanxis gamoqviTviT, romelic mocemuli sesxis mokleva-
diani finansuri dabandebidan miiReba.
xSirad, gansakuTrebuli aqtivis SesaZenad, sawarmoeblad an asaSeneblad
aRebuli sesxi mTlianad an nawilobriv ar gamoiyeneba daniSnulebisamebr.
SeiZleba sawarmom sesxis droebiT Tavisufali nawili daabandos moklevadian aq-
tivebSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi, mocemuli periodis danaxarjebis kapitalizebadi Tan-
xis gansazRvrisas sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebul danaxarjebs unda
257
gamoakldes moklevadiani finansuri dabandebidan miRebuli sainvesticio Semosa-
vali.
SeiZleba adgili qondes sawinaaRmdego SemTxvevas _ sawarmo iRebs Cveuleb-
rivi, saerTo daniSnulebis sesxs, magram gamoiyenebs romelime konkretuli gansa-
kuTrebuli aqtivis SesaZenad, sawarmoeblad an asaSeneblad. aseT SemTxvevaSi,
sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis kapitalizebadi Tanxis gan-
sazRvrisaTvis gamoiyeneba am aqtivze gaweuli danaxarjebis kapitalizaciis nor-
ma. igi aris sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis saSualo Sewo-
nili sidide, sawarmos mier mocemul saangariSgebo periodSi gadauxdeli sesxis
im nawilTan, romelic gankuTvnili ar aris gansakuTrebuli aqtivebis SesaZenad,
sawarmoeblad an asaSeneblad. amasTan, mocemuli periodis kapitalizebadi dana-
xarjebis Tanxa ar unda aRematebodes amave periodSi gaweul, sesxiT sargeblo-
basTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis Tanxas.
bass-iT gansazRvrulia sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarje-

bis kapitalizaciis dro. igi gansakuTrebuli aqtivis TviTRirebulebis nawilis
saxiT iwyeba maSin, rodesac:
gansakuTrebul aqtivze gaweulia pirveli danaxarjebi;
gaweulia sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli pirveli danaxarjebi;
dawyebulia pirveli samuSaoebi mocemuli aqtivis daniSnulebisamebr gamo-
sayeneblad an gasayid mdgomareobaSi mosayvanad.
gansakuTrebul aqtivebze gaweuli pirveli danaxarjebi gulisxmobs

sawarmos aqtivebis gasvlas (xarjvas), xolo sesxiT sargeblobasTan
dakavSirebuli pirveli danaxarjebi gulisxmobs procentebze valdebulebis
warmoSobas.
sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis kapitalizaciis
periodi grZeldeba manamde, vidre ar dasruldeba aqtivze teqnikuri Tu
administraciuli xasiaTis aqtiuri samuSaoebi, romelic aqtivis sawarmoo
gamoyenebisaTvis an gasayidad mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis ganuyofeli nawilia.
sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis kapitalizacia
SeiZleba droebiT SeCerdes an Sewydes.
sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis kapitalizacia droe-
biT unda SeCerdes im momentSi, rodesac Seferxdeba aqtivze aqtiuri samuSaoebis
warmarTvis procesi, xolo unda Sewydes maSin, rodesac, ZiriTadad, damTavrdeba
mocemuli aqtivis gamoyenebisaTvis an gasayidad momzadebisaTvis saWiro yvela aq-
tiuri samuSao.
258
magaliTi:
sawarmom SeiZina mowyobiloba 100000 larad da gasca Tamasuqi. wliuri

saprocento ganakveTi 12%. gadaxdis periodi - 4 weli, yovewliurad Tanabari
odenobiT, procentTan erTad. mowyobilobis montaJisa da saeqspluataciod
momzadebis periodi - 12 Tve. mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi daiwyeba mowyobilobis
sawarmoSi mitanisTanave.
imis gamo, rom mowyobilobis SeZenidan eqspluataciaSi gadacemamde
periodi gansazRvrulia da 12 Tves moicavs, mowyobiloba gansakuTrebul aqtivs
warmoadgens. e.i. unda moxdes sesxis sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis
(procentis) kapitalizacia.
1. mowyobilobis SeZena:
k-ti _ gasanaRdebeli Tamasuqebi - 100000.
2. grZelvadiani saTamasuqo valdebulebis mimdinare nawilis gamoyofa:

25000 lari (100000 lari / 4 weli).
d-ti _ gasanaRdebeli Tamasuqi - 25000;

k-ti _ grZelvadiani valdebulebebis mimdinare nawili - 25000.
3. sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis kapitalizacia:

gaangariSeba:
- dawyebis dro - mowyobilobis sawarmoSi motanisTanave;
- kapitalizaciis periodi 12 Tve;
- kapitalizaciis Tanxa 48000 (100000 X 12% X 4);
- kapitalizaciis erTi Tvis Tanxa 4000 lari (48000 / 12 Tveze);
k-ti _ gadavadebuli gadasaxdeli procentebi - 4000.
da a. S. 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi.
259
I weli 12000 lari (100000 X 12%).
d-ti _ gadavadebuli gadasaxdeli procenti - 12000;
k-ti _ gadasaxdeli procenti - 12000.
da a. S. yovelwliurad, 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi.
aqtiuri samuSaoebisa da kapitalizaciis periodis damTavrebis Semdeg

aqtivis Rirebuleba 148000 lari gaxdeba (100000 + 48000).
aqtivis eqspluataciaSi Sesvlis Semdeg daiwyeba saprocento da ZiriTadi
Tanxis gadaxda.
5. valdebulebebis gadaxda:
d-ti _ grZelvadiani valdebulebebis mimdinare nawili 25000;
d-ti _ gadasaxdeli procenti - 12000;
da a. S. yovelwliurad, 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi.
8.10. valutis kursis cvlilebiT miRebuli
Semosavlebisa da xarjebis aRricxva
sawarmos ufleba aqvs, misi saqmianobidan gamomdinare, ganaxorcielos

operaciebi ucxouri valutiT. ucxouri valuta aRniSnavs yvela sxva valutas,
romelic ar warmoadgens sawarmos samuSao valutas. operaciebis ucxouri
valutiT ganxorcielebam SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos sawarmos Semosavlebsa da
xarjebze, ucxouri valutis kursis cvlilebis gamo. ucxouri valutiT
warmoebuli operaciebi buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba saangariSgebo (lari)
valutiT, saangariSgebo valutasa da ucxour valutas Soris operaciis
moxdenis dRes arsebuli gacvliTi kursiT. saangariSgebo periodis bolos,
finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisas, ucxouri valutiT Sefasebuli fuladi
muxlebi unda Sefasdes balansis momzadebis TariRisaTvis arsebuli saboloo
savaluto kursiT. Sedegad warmoiqmneba sakurso sxvaoba.
260
bass-is mixedviT, rodesac fuladi muxlebi ucxouri valutiT warmoebuli
operaciebisagan aris warmoqmnili da savaluto gacvliTi kursi Seicvleba ope-
raciis TariRsa da saangariSsworebo TariRs Soris drois monakveTSi, war-
moiqmneba sakurso sxvaoba.
sakurso sxvaobebi, romlebic warmoiqmneba fuladi muxlebis ganaRdebis an
maTi gadaangariSebis dros, unda aRiardes mogebaSi an zaralSi im saangariSgebo
periodSi, rodesac igi warmoiqmneba.
Tu angariSsworeba imave saangariSgebo periodSi moxda, rodesac operacia
ganxorcielda, maSin yvela sakurso sxvaoba aRiardeba imave saangariSgebo peri-
odSi. meores mxriv, rodesac angariSsworeba xorcieldeba romelime momdevno sa-
angariSgebo periodSi, sakurso sxvaoba, romelic aRiarebulia TiToeul wina sa-
angariSgebo periodSi angariSsworebis periodamde, ganisazRvreba am periodis sa-
kurso sxvaobis cvlilebiT.
rodesac arafulad muxlTan dakavSirebuli Semosuloba an zarali pirda-

pir sakuTar kapitalSi aRiardeba, maSin Semosulobisa da zaralis Semadgeneli
sakurso sxvaobis nebismieri komponentic pirdapir sakuTar kapitalSi unda aRi-
ardes. xolo rodesac arafulad muxlTan dakavSirebuli Semosuloba an zara-
li mogebaSi an zaralSi aRiardeba, maSin Semosulobisa da zaralis Semadgeneli
sakurso sxvaobis nebismieri komponentic mogebaSi an zaralSi aRiardeba.
magaliTi:
2012 wlis 1 oqtombers sawarmom ganaxorciela saqonlis importi, gadaxdis 6

Tviani ganvadebiT. saqonlis Rirebuleba 10000 aSS dolari, gacvliTi kursi 1 =
1,50 lars. 2012 wlis 30 noembers gadaixada 5000 aSS dolari, gacvliTi kursi 1
= 1,70 lars.
1. saqonlis SeZena:

k-ti _ valdebulebebi mowodebiT -15000.
2. valdebulebis nawilis gadaxda (30.11.2012w.)
d-ti _ valdebulebebi mowodebiT 7500;

d-ti _ zarali kursTa Soris sxvaobidan - 1000;
k-ti _ ucxouri valuta bankSi - 8500;
261
2012 wlis 31 dekembers gacvliTi kursi iyo: 1 = 1,40 lari. finansur angariSgebaSi
valdebuleba unda aisaxos balansis momzadebis TariRisaTvis arsebuli
saboloo savaluto kursiT (1 = 1,40). kursTa Soris sxvaoba 500 laria [5000 X (-
0,10)] da unda aRiardes Semosavlad.
3. d-ti _ valdebulebebi mowodebiT 500;

k-ti _ mogeba kursTa Soris sxvaobidan - 500.
262
Tavi IX. finansuri angariSgeba
9.1. finansuri angariSgebis komponentebi

da elementebi
finansuri angariSgeba, romlis mizani momxmareblebisaTvis sawarmos

finansuri mdgomareobis, misi saqmianobis Sedegebisa da fuladi saSualebebis
moZraobis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebaa, aris saangariSgebo periodis
ganmavlobaSi sawarmos finansuri mdgomareobisa da mis mier ganxorcielebuli
sameurneo operaciebis struqturulad Camoyalibebuli finansuri suraTi.
finansur angariSgebaSi asaxuli informacia mis momxmareblebs ekonomikuri
gadawyvetilebebis miRebis saSualebas aZlevs. finansuri angariSgeba utyuari
unda iyos da samarTlianad asaxavdes sawarmos saqmianobas da mis finansur
Sedegebs. mxolod aseT finansur angariSgebas SeuZlia momxmareblebs maTTvis
sasargeblo informacia miawodos. es ki, finansuri angariSgebis xarisxobrivi
maxasiaTeblebis sruli dacviT miiRweva. finansuri angariSgebis momzadebisa da
wardgenis struqturuli safuZvlebis mixedviT aseTi maxasiaTeblebia: aRqmadoba,
Sesabamisoba, saimedooba da Sesadarisoba.
finansuri angariSgebis momzadeba da momxmareblebisaTvis wardgena
sawarmos xelmZRvanelobas evaleba. sawarmo valdebulia saangariSgebo periodis
bolos moamzados da waradginos saerTo daniSnulebis finansuri angariSgeba,
romlis sruli paketi moicavs:
finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebas periodis dasasrulisTvis;
periodis sruli Semosavlis angariSgebas;
periodis sakuTari kapitalis cvlilebebis angariSgebas;
periodis fuladi nakadebis angariSgebas;
ganmartebiT SeniSvnebs, sadac mokled ganxilulia yvela mniSvnelovani saaR-

ricxvo politika da sxva ganmartebiTi informacia;
finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebas pirveli Sesadarisi periodis dawyebis

TariRis mdgomareobiT, rodesac is saaRricxvo politikas iyenebs retros-
peqtulad, an finansuri angariSgebis muxlebs gadaiangariSebs retro-
speqtulad, an rodesac sawarmo cvlis finansuri angariSgebis muxlebis
klasifikacias.
finansur angariSgebaSi asaxuli informacia dajgufebulia maTi
ekonomikuri maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT. amgvar dajgufebas finansuri angariSgebis
263
elementebs uwodeben. finansuri angariSgebis elementebia: aqtivebi,
valdebulebebi, sakuTari kapitali, Semosavlebi da xarjebi. aqedan pirveli sami
elementi finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebaSi, anu buRaltrul balansSi
aisaxeba, balansis elementebia. sawarmos finansuri mdgomareobis Sefaseba
swored buRaltruli balansis, misi elementebis safuZvelze xdeba.
sruli Semosavlis angariSgebis elementebs Semosavlebi da xarjebi
warmoadgenen. isini asaxaven sameurneo saqmianobaSi momxdar operaciebsa da
movlenebs, romlebmac drois garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi gavlena iqonies
sawarmos finansur mdgomareobaze da aqtivebis, valdebulebebisa da kapitalis
cvlilebebi ganapirobes. saangariSgebo periodis Semosavlebisa da xarjebis
erTmaneTTan dapirispireba sawarmos saqmianobis finansuri Sedegis gansazRvris
saSualebas iZleva, romelic mogebis an zaralis saxiT warmogvidgeba.
finansur angariSgebaSi asaxuli informacia, momxmareblisaTvis ufro
gasagebi da sasargeblo rom iyos, misi elementebi rogorc finansuri
mdgomareobis angariSgebaSi, anu buRaltrul balansSi, aseve sruli Semosavlis
angariSgebaSi, dajgufebuladaa warmodgenili.
finansur angariSgebaSi im muxlebis asaxvas, romlebic akmayofileben
mocemuli elementis ganmartebas, aRiareba ewodeba. aRiareba gulisxmobs
mocemuli muxlis sityvier da Tanxobriv asaxvas finansuri mdgomareobis
angariSgebaSi (buRaltrul balansSi) an sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi. muxli,
romelic akmayofilebs finansuri angariSgebis elementis cnebas, aRiardeba da
masSi aisaxeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu:
SesaZlebelia am muxliT gamowveuli momavali ekonomikuri sargeblis
sawarmoSi Semosvla an sawarmodan gasvla;
muxls gaaCnia saimedod Sefasebuli ricxobrivi mniSvneloba.
bass-i marTalia, iTvaliswinebs finansuri angariSgebis elementebis

Sefasebas pirvandeli Rirebulebis (faqtiuri TviTRirebulebis), mimdinare
Rirebulebis, sarealizacio Rirebulebis da diskontirebuli Rirebulebis
meTodebiT, magram finansuri angariSgebis momzadebis safuZvlad aRiarebs
pirvandel Rirebulebas.
264
9.2. finansuri angariSgebis mosamzadebeli
daskvniTi samuSaoebi
finansuri angariSgebis momzadeba moiTxovs saangariSgebo periodis bolos

rigi samuSaoebis Catarebas, romelic ganapirobebs finansur angariSgebaSi
asaxuli muxlebis realurobasa da saimedoobas. aseTi mosamzadebeli
samuSaoebia: inventarizacia, saaRricxvo ciklis damamTavrebeli operaciebi,
makoreqtirebeli gatarebebis warmoeba, monacemTa ganzogadeba da samuSao
furclis momzadeba.
cnobilia, rom buRaltruli Canawerebi zustad unda asaxavdnen aqtivebisa
da maTi wyaroebis mdgomareobas, saerTod, sawarmos sameurneo saqmianobas da mis
Sedegebs. miuxedavad amisa, zogjer saaRricxvo monacemebi ar Seesabameba
sinamdviles. aseTi gansxvavebis ZiriTad mizezad SeiZleba miCneul iqnes:
Senaxvis procesSi sasaqonlo-materialur faseulobaTa bunebrivi danakargebi,

rac SeiZleba gamoiwvios mizezebma, romlebic mimdinare aRricxvaSi
dokumentebiT gaformebas ar eqvemdeba;
Senaxvis adgilebidan faseulobaTa miReba-gacemisas daSvebuli uzustobebi
da Secdomebi, ris Sedegadac SeiZleba aRmoCndes zedmetoba an danaklisi;
aRricxvaSi daSvebuli Secdomebi pirvelad dokumentebSi araswori
ariTmetikuli gaangariSebebis Sedegad;
aRuricxavi (an piriqiT) operaciebis aRmoCena.
finansuri aRricxvis monacemebis faqtobriv mdgomareobasTan Sesabamisobis

Semowmeba inventarizaciis gziT xdeba. inventarizacia buRaltruli aRricxvis
meTodis erT-erTi elementia, romlis meSveobiTac xdeba aqtivebisa da
valdebulebebis naSTebis faqtobrivi mdgomareobis dadgena.
balansis muxlebis inventarizacia gansxvavebul midgomas moiTxovs.

materialuri aqtivebis inventarizaciis Casatareblad sawarmos xelmZRvanelis
mier gamoiyofa komisia, ganisazRvreba inventarizaciis obieqti da Catarebis
vadebi. komisiis SemadgenlobaSi unda Sediodnen Sesabamisi samsaxurebis
warmomadgenlebi da sawarmos mTavari buRalteri.
inventarizaciis dawyebamde xdeba materialur faseulobaTa

daxarisxeba_dalageba. unda damTavrdes Semosaval-gasavlis amsaxveli yvela
dokumentis damuSaveba da maTi asaxva aRricxvaSi, gamoyvanil unda iqnes naSTebi
inventarizaciis dawyebis dRisaTvis.
265
inventarizacia tardeba faseulobaTa Senaxvis adgilebis mixedviT cal-
calke materialurad pasuxismgebeli pirebis TandaswrebiT. inventarizaciis
Sedegebi formdeba inventarizaciis uwyisiT, romelsac sainventarizacio komisia
adgens. inventarizaciis damTavrebis Semdeg sainventarizacio uwyisi gadaecema
buRalterias faseulobaTa faqtobrivi naSTebis saaRricxvo CanawerebTan
SedarebisaTvis. aseTi Sedareba formdeba Sedarebis uwyisiT, romelSic
sainventarizacio uwyisidan gadaitaneba faseulobaTa faqtobrivi naSTebi,
xolo buRaltruli registrebidan _ imave faseulobebis saaRricxvo monacemebi.
gamoiyvaneba gadaxrebi, romelic ganixileba komisiis mier. SeiZleba Sedarebis
uwyisiT gamovlindes faseulobaTa metoba an danaklisi, romelic Sesabamisad
unda aisaxos buRaltrul aRricxvaSi.
angariSsworebebis inventarizaciisas, sawarmo gansakuTrebiT

dainteresebulia moTxovnebis inventarizaciiT, ramdenadac: jer erTi,
moTxovnebis ZiriTadi nawili aRricxvaSi ukve aRiarebul Semosavlebs
ukavSirdeba da meore, sawarmom unda gansazRvros momaval saangariSgebo
periodSi misaRebi fuladi nakadebi. moTxovnebis inventarizacia
urTierTSedarebebiT xdeba. TiToeul klients (debitors) egzavneba werilobiTi
Setyobineba moTxovnebis angariSze arsebuli davalianebis Sesaxeb da moiTxoveba
misi dadastureba. dasturis ori saxe arsebobs: dadebiTi da uaryofiTi.
dadebiTi dasturis gamoyenebisas klientma unda daadasturos an uaryos
davalianebis arseboba, xolo uaryofiTi dasturis gamoyenebisas klienti
Setyobinebaze pasuxs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi agzavnis, Tu igi ar eTanxmeba
davalianebis arsebul Tanxas, an srulad, an nawilobriv. SesaZlebelia dasturis
kombinirebuli formis gamoyenebac.
valdebulebebis inventarizacia moTxovnebis analogiurad xdeba, rame Tu,

isini kreditorebisaTvis moTxovnebs warmoadgenen.
balansis muxlebis invetarizaciis Sedegebi aisaxeba buRaltrul

aRricxvaSi, riTac iwyeba saaRricxvo ciklis damamTavrebeli operaciebis asaxva.
saaRricxvo ciklis damamTavrebel operaciebs miekuTvneba grZelvadiani

aqtivebis cveTisa da amortizaciis daricxva, iseTi muxlebis gadafaseba,
rogoricaa: ZiriTadi saSualebebi, aramaterialuri aqtivebi, investiciebi,
maragebi.
makoreqtirebeli gatarebebi unda gakeTdes saangariSgebo periodis bolos

da igi aucilebelia periodis ganmavlobaSi miRebuli yvela Semosavlisa da
gaweuli yvela xarjis finansur angariSgebaSi sworad asaxvisaTvis. angariSebis
koreqtireba saWiroa Semdegi mizezebis gamo:
266
zogjer, sawarmo Tanxas saqonlis (samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) miwodebisaTvis

winaswar, miwodebis faqtis moxdenamde Rebulobs. winaswar (avansad) Tanxebis
miRebis momentSi warmoiqmneba valdebuleba saqonlis miwodebasa da
momsaxurebis gawevaze, an misi Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi, miRebuli avansis
ukan dabrunebaze. e. i. miRebuli avansebi sawarmosaTvis daumsaxurebel,
gamoumuSavebel Semosavals, anu valdebulebas warmoadgens;
aseve, sawarmos SeuZlia winaswar gadaixados Tanxa momaval periodebSi
saqonlis (samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) mowodebisaTvis. aseTi winaswari gadaxda
sawarmosaTvis aqtivs, moTxovnas warmoadgens, gacemuli avansebis saxiT.
gacemuli avansebi sawarmos saqonlis (samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) miRebis, an
gacemuli avansis Tanxis ukan dabrunebis uflebas aZlevs;
miRebuli avansebis sawinaaRmdego situacia iqmneba, rodesac saqonlis
(samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) miwodeba ukve moxda, magram misi Rirebuleba jer
ar aris miRebuli. e. i. warmoiqmna aqtivi _ moTxovna, anu misi momaval
periodSi anazRaurebis ufleba;
aseve, SeiZleba warmoiqmnas gacemuli avansebis sawinaaRmdego situacia,
rodesac saqoneli (samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) miRebuli da sawarmos mier ukve
gamoyenebulia, magram misi Rirebuleba jer gadaxdili ar aris. momaval
periodSi misi gadaxdis aucilebloba valdebulebas warmoadgens.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, finansuri angariSgebis momzadebas win unda

uswrebdes Semosavlebisa da xarjebis, aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis dazusteba,
rac koreqtirebebis gziT miiRweva. makoreqtirebeli gatarebebis aucilebloba
SeiZleba warmoiqmnas Semdegi SemTxvevebidan, romelimes arsebobisas:
1. avansis miReba _ momavalSi saqonlis (samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) miwodebis
pirobiT;
2. winaswari gadaxda _ momavalSi saqonlis (samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis)
mowodebis pirobiT;
3. saqonlis (samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) miwodeba _ misi Rirebulebis gadaxdamde;
4. saqonlis (samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) miReba/gamoyeneba _ misi Rirebulebis
gadaxdamde.
saangariSgebo periodis bolos Sedgeba Semdegi makoreqtirebeli gatarebebi:
1. momavalSi saqonlis (samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) miwodebis pirobiT miRebuli

avansis koreqtirebisas, Tu Sesrulebulia garigebis piroba:
267
d-ti _ miRebuli avansebi;
k-ti _ Semosavlebi realizaciidan.
2. momavalSi saqonlis (samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) mowodebis pirobiT sawarmos

mier winaswar gadaxdili Tanxebis anu gacemuli avansebis koreqtireba, Tu
Sesrulebulia garigebis piroba da mowodeba ukve momxdaria, moxdeba
winaswar gadaxdili Tanxebis aRiareba xarjebad, magaliTad, winaswar
gadaxdili ijarisas ijaris xarjad, winaswar gadaxdili dazRvevisas
dazRvevis xarjad da a. S.:
d-ti _ mimdinare periodis Sesabamisi xarjebi;
k-ti _ gacemuli avansebi (winaswar gaweuli xarjebi).
saavanso gadaxdebTan dakavSirebuli sxva saxis makoreqtirebeli

gatarebebis aucilebloba warmoiqmneba saangariSgebo periodis ganmavlobaSi
sxvadasxva saxis maragebis, kerZod, misi xarjvis aRricxvisas. saangariSgebo
periodis xarjis odenoba ganisazRvreba daxarjuli masalebis raodenobiT, da
ara drois periodiT. saangariSgebo periodis bolos inventarizaciiT dadgindeba
maragis faqtiuri naSTi, gamoiyvaneba am maragis saboloo naSTsa da sawyis naSTs
Soris sxvaoba, romelic aRiardeba xarjad:
d-ti _ masalebis xarji;
k-ti _ masalebi.
makoreqtirebeli gatareba aucilebelia agreTve, maragebis aRricxvis

perioduli meTodis gamoyenebisas. am SemTxvevaSi, maragebis SeZena saangariSgebo
periodis ganmavlobaSi ar aRiricxeba uSualod maragebis angariSebze, igi
aRiricxeba `maragebis (masalebi, saqoneli) SeZenis~ angariSze, romelic
danaxarjebis amsaxveli angariSia da imisaTvis, rom ganisazRvros SeZenili
maragebidan saangariSgebo periodis ganmavlobaSi daxarjuli da dauxarjavi
maragebi, saWiroa inventarizaciis gziT dadgindes maragis faqtiuri naSTi,
ganisazRvros maragebis saboloo naSTsa da sawyis naSTs Soris sxvaoba, rogorc
koreqtirebadi Tanxa da moxdes misi aRiareba:
d-ti _ maragebis angariSebi;
k-ti _ maragebis (masalebi, saqoneli) SeZenis angariSi.
an piriqiT:
d-ti _ maragebis (masalebi, saqoneli) SeZenis angariSi;
k-ti _ maragebis angariSebi.
268
3. saqonlis (samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) miwodeba _ misi Rirebulebis gadaxdamde,
SeiZleba warmoiqmnas, rodesac sawarmo Tavis produqcias (samuSaoebs,
momsaxurebas) klients kreditiT (Semdgomi gadaxdis pirobiT) miyidis da
saangariSgebo periodis bolo dRe ar daemTxveva angariS-faqturis gamoweris
SeTanxmebul TariRs. maSasadame, am momentisaTvis Semosavali aRiarebuli ar
aris da unda aRiardes makoreqtirebeli gatarebiT:
d-ti _ moTxovnebi miwodebiT;
4. saqonlis (samuSaoebis, momsaxurebis) miReba/gamoyeneba _ misi Rirebulebis

gadaxdamde warmoiqmneba, Tu saangariSgebo periodis bolos, imis gamo, rom
saangariSgebo periodis bolo dRe ar daemTxva Sesabamisi dokumentis
gamoweris TariRs, xarjebic SeiZleba iyos ukve gaweuli, magram xarjad jer
kidev auRiarebeli. amis tipiuri magaliTia jer kidev gauangariSebeli da
gadauxdeli xelfasi, procentebi kreditiT sargeblobisaTvis da sxva. amgvari
danaxarjebi makoreqtirebeli gatarebiT unda aRiardes xarjad:
d-ti _ xelfadis xarji;
d-ti _ saprocento xarji; da a. S.
k-ti _ gadasaxdeli xelfasi;
k-ti _ gadasaxdeli procentebi da a. S.
finansuri angariSgebis mosamzadeblad sxvadasxva damxmare buRaltruli

cxrilebi gamoiyeneba. erT-erTi aseTi, romelsac SedarebiT xSirad mimarTaven,
gansakuTrebiT mcire da saSualo biznesis sawarmoebi, samuSao furcelia. igi
saSualebas iZleva finansuri angariSgeba momzaddes koreqtirebadi gatarebebis
gadatanamde. samuSao furceli ar warmoadgens finansur angariSgebas da
maSasadame, arc buRaltruli ciklis savaldebulo dokuments. Tumca igi
arsebiTad aadvilebs finansuri angariSgebis momzadebas, iZleva ra
koreqtirebadi gatarebisa da finansuri angariSgebis muxlebis erTgvarovnad
momzadebis saSualebas. mouxedavad amisa, samuSao furclis gamoyenebis drosac,
yoveli saangariSgebo periodis bolos aucilebelia Sesabamisi koreqtirebadi
da angariSebis daxurvebis gatarebebis asaxva mTavar JurnalSi, Semdeg ki misi
gadatana mTavar wignSi (registrSi).
samuSao furceli Semdegi moxazulobisaa:

269
samuSao furceli
31 dekemberi, 2012 w.
#
angariSebis sacdeli koreqtirebebi koreqtireb. mogeba- balansi
dasaxeleba balansi sacdeli zaralis
balansi
angarig.
d-ti k-ti d-ti k-ti d-ti k-ti d-ti k-ti d-ti kti
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
maSasadame, samuSao furceli moicavs xuT wyvileul svets:
1. sacdeli balansi;
2. koreqtirebebi;
3. koreqtirebuli sacdeli balansi;
4. sruli Semosavlis angariSgeba (mogeba/zarali);
5. finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgeba (balansi).
samuSao furclis mosamzadeblad saWiroa mTavari wignis (registris)

yvela angariSis gadaxedva, gaanalizeba da saangariSgebo periodis bolosaTvis,
e. i. 31 dekembrisaTvis arsebuli Canawerebis safuZvelze gamoyvanili naSTebis
dafiqsireba.
samuSao furclis momzadeba Semdegi etapebisagan Sesdgeba:
1. angariSis kodis (Sifris) da dasaxelebis asaxva 1_2 svetebSi;

2. pirveli sacdeli balansis Sedgena, (sv. 3_4), romelSic angariSebis saldoebi
gadaitaneba mTavari wignidan an gasuli saangariSgebo periodis sacdeli
balansidan;
3. sacdeli balansis jamis gansazRvra da dabalanseba;
4. koreqtirebadi gatarebebis asaxva (5_6 svetebSi) Sesabamisi dasaxelebis
angariSis striqonze, rigisobis aRniSvniT (1,2,3, da a.S.), raTa
identificirebuli iqnes TiToeuli koreqtirebadi gatareba. Tu
koreqtirebisas saWiro gaxdeba angariSi, romelic jer ar aris asaxuli
samuSao furcelSi, pirvel sacdel balansSi Sesatani saldos ar arsebobis
gamo, igi daemateba samuSao furclis momdevno, Tavisufal striqonze, yvela
koreqtirebadi gatarebis asaxvis Semdeg, koreqtirebebis svetebi dajamdeba,
romelic cxadia, unda dabalansdes.
270
5. koreqtirebebis asaxvis Semdeg, gaiangariSeba koreqtirebuli sacdeli balansi
(sv. 7_8). koreqtirebuli sacdeli balansis mosamzadeblad, pirveli sacdeli
balansis monacemebs calkeuli angariSebis mixedviT Sesabamisad, daemateba an
gamoakldeba koreqtirebebis debetisa da kreditis svetebis Canawerebi.
6. koreqtirebuli sacdeli balansis monacemebi (sv. 7_8) gadatanil unda iqnes
sruli Semosavlis (mogeba/zaralis) angariSgebis (sv. 9_10) an balansis (sv.
11_12) Sesabamis svetebSi angariSebis tipis mixedviT da dajamdes. kerZod,
koreqtirebuli sacdeli balansis monacemebi nominaluri (droebiTi)
angariSebis mixedviT, gadaitaneba mogeba/zaralis angariSebis debetis an
kreditis svetebSi Sesabamisad, xolo realuri (mudmivi) angariSebis mixedviT
_ balansSi. '
sruli Semosavlis angariSgebis debetisa da kreditis svetebis jamebs

Soris sxvaoba warmoadgens saangariSgebo periodis mogebas an zarals. igi toli
unda iyos balansis debetisa da kreditis svetebis jamebs Soris sxvaobisa.
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi daSvebulia Secdoma Tanxebis gadatanisas an dajamebisas,
romelic unda gaswordes.
Tu sruli Semosavlis angariSgebis kreditis svetis jami metia debetis

svetis jamze, sxvaoba saangariSgebo periodis mogebas, sawinaaRmdego SemTxvevaSi
ki _ zarals warmoadgens da emateba (an akldeba) sakuTar kapitals wminda
mogebis (zaralis) saxiT, e. i. gadaitaneba balansSi. mTavar JurnalSi
registrirdeba buRaltruli gatareba:
d_ti _ saangariSgebo periodis mogeba;
k_ti _ gaunawilebeli mogeba.
an piriqiT:
d_ti _ daufaravi zarali;
k_ti saangariSgebo periodis zarali.
aseTi gatarebis Semdeg mogeba/zaralis angariSgebisa da balansis debetisa

da kreditis svetebis jamebi gatoldeba.
271
9.3. finansuri angariSgebis
momzadebis teqnika
samuSao furclis srulyofilad warmoeba mniSvnelovnad amartivebs

finansuri angariSgebis momzadebas. amasTan gasaTvaliswinebelia finansuri
angariSgebis komponentebis momzadebis Tanmimdevroba: pirvel rigSi unda
momzaddes sruli Semosavlis angariSgeba, Semdeg angariSgeba sakuTari
kapitalis cvlilebebis Sesaxeb, Semdeg finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgeba
(balansi) da bolos, fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba. finansuri angariSgebis
momzadebis aRniSnuli Tanmimdevroba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom wminda mogeba,
romelic sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSia asaxuli, saWiroa sakuTari
kapitalis cvlilebebis angariSgebis mosamzadeblad, xolo kapitalis angariSis
saldo, romelic kapitalis moZraobis angariSgebaSia asaxuli, aucilebelia
finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgebis (balansis) Sesadgebad.
finansuri angariSgebis momzadebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi

regulirdeba bass -1-iT `finansuri angariSgebis wardgena~.
9.3.1. sruli Semosavlis angariSgeba
rogorc ukve aRniSnuli iyo, sruli Semosavlis angariSgebis elementebia

Semosavlebi da xarjebi. bass-is moTxovnebiT `saangariSo periodSi aRiarebuli
Semosavlisa da xarjis yvela muxli CarTuli unda iyos amave periodis sruli
Semosavlis angariSgebaSi~.
bass-is mixedviT, sawarmom periodis ganmavlobaSi aRiarebuli

Semosavlebisa da xarjebis yvela muxli unda waradginos:
erT, sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi; an
or angariSgebaSi: angariSgebaSi, romelic gviCvenebs mogebisa da zaralis

komponentebs (gancalkevebuli mogebisa da zaralis angariSgeba) da meore
angariSgebaSi, romelic iwyeba mogebiT an zaraliT da gviCvenebs `sxva
sruli Semosavlis~ komponentebs (sruli Semosavlis angariSgeba).
272
bass 1-is mixedviT, sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi aucilebelad unda ai-
saxos Semdegi muxlebi, Sesabamisi TanxebiT:
amonagebi;
finansuri danaxarjebi;
kapital-meTodiT aRricxuli mekavSire sawarmoebisa da erToblivi saqmianobis

mogebisa da zaralis wili;
sagadasaxado xarjebi;
Tanxa, romelic Sedgeba Semdegi muxlebis jamisagan:
- Sewyvetili operaciebis Sedegad gamowveuli mogeba an zarali dabegvris
Semdeg;
- dabegvris Semdgomi Semosuloba an zarali, romelic aRiarebulia im
aqtivebis gayidvis an gasvlis realuri Rirebulebisa da danaxarjebis
sxvaobis Sefasebis dros, romlebic warmoadgenen Sewyvetil operacias;
mogeba an zarali.
sxva sruli Semosavlis TiToeuli komponenti, romelic klasificirebulia

Sinaarsis mixedviT ((T) punqtis Tanxebis garda);
kapital-meTodiT aRricxuli mekavSire sawarmoebisa da erToblivi saqmianobis

sxva sruli Semosavlis wili; da
sruli Semosavlis mTliani Tanxa.
bass 1-is mixedviT, sawarmom sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi unda warmoadginos

muxlebi, Semdegi struqturiT:
periodis mogeba an zarali, romelic misakuTvnebelia:
_ aramakontrolebel wilebze; da
_ saTavo sawarmos mesakuTreebze.
periodis mTliani sruli Semosavali, romelic misakuTvnebelia:
_ aramakontrolebel wilebze; da
_ saTavo sawarmos mesakuTreebze.
sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi da gancalkevebul mogebisa da zaralis

angariSgebaSi (Tu wardgenilia) SeiZleba damatebiTi muxlebis, saxelwodebebisa
da qvejgufuri jamuri Tanxebis wardgena, Tu amgvari wardgeniT ukeT aRiqmeba
sawarmos saqmianobis finansuri Sedegebi.
273
standarti moiTxovs, rom sawarmom sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi, an
gancalkevebul mogebisa da zaralis angariSgebaSi (Tu wardgenilia), an
ganmartebiT SeniSvnebSi Semosavlebis an xarjebis muxlebi ar unda warmoadginos
gansakuTrebuli muxlis saxiT. sawarmom saangariSgebo periodis Semosavlebisa
da xarjebis yvela muxli unda aRiaros mogebaSi an zaralSi, Tu fass-iT sxva
ram ar moiTxoveba, an nebadarTuli ar aris. rac Seexeba sxva sruli Semosavlis
TiToeul komponentTan dakavSirebul mogebis gadasaxads, sawarmom igi unda
aCvenos an sruli Semosavlis angariSgebaSi, an ganmartebiT SeniSvnebSi. amasTan,
mogebaSi an zaralSi aRiarebuli xarjebis klasifikacia unda moaxdinos maTi
ekonomikuri Sinaarsis, an sawarmoSi maTi funqciebis mixedviT. arCevani unda ga-
keTdes im meTodze, romelic ufro saimedo da Sesabamis informacias iZleva.
xarjebi unda daiyos qvejgufebad, raTa naTlad gamoikveTos sawarmos saq-

mianobis finansuri Sedegebis iseTi komponentebi, romlebic SesaZloa erTmaneTi-
sagan gansxvavdebodes stabilurobis, Semosulobisa da zaralis potencialisa da
prognozirebis SesaZleblobebis TvalsazrisiT.
arsebobs am informaciis miwodebis ori gza.
pirveli tipis struqtura moixsenieba, rogorc xarjebis èkonomikuri Sina-

arsis~ mixedviT dajgufebis meTodi.
xarjebi mogebis an zaralis farglebSi agregirdeba maTi ekonomikuri

Sinaarsis mixedviT (magaliTad, cveTa, masalebis SeZena, transportirebis dana-
xarjebi, momuSaveTa gasamrjeloebi, da a.S.) da ar xdeba maTi gadanawileba fun-
qciebis mixedviT. am meTodis gamoyeneba mosaxerxebelia imdenad, ramdenadac saWi-
ro ar aris mimdinare xarjebis ganawileba funqcionaluri saklasifikacio jgu-
febis mixedviT. Sesabamisad, sruli Semosavlis angariSgeba SeiZleba momzaddes
ori meTodiT:
xarjebis ekonomikuri Sinaarsis mixedviT dajgufebis meTodiT;

xarjebis funqciebis mixedviT dajgufebis anu ,,mimoqcevis xarjebis meTodiT.
sruli Semosavlis (mogeba-zaralis) angariSgebis momzadebis meTodis

SerCeva damokidebulia sawarmos saqmianobis Sedegebis ukeT warmoCinebis
SesaZleblobaze.
xarjebis ekonomikuri Sinaarsis mixedviT dajgufebis meTodiT

momzadebuli sruli Semosavlis (mogeba/zaralis) angariSgeba Semdegi saxisaa:
274
wlisaTvis, romelic mTavrdeba 2012 wlis 31 dekembers
amonagebi X
sxva Semosavlebi X
cvlilebebi mza produqciisa da
daumTavrebeli warmoebis maragSi X
gamoyenebuli nedleuli da masalebi X
personalis Senaxvis xarjebiA X
cveTisa da amortizaciis xarjebi X
sxva xarjebi X
sul xarjebi (X)
mogeba dabegvramde X
meore tipis struqtura exeba `xarjebis funqciebs~ anu ,,mimoqcevis (sabru-

navi) xarjebis meTods.
xarjebis funqciebis anu ,,mimoqcevis xarjebis meTodis gamoyenebisas, xar-

jebis klasifikacia xdeba maTi funqciebis mixedviT, rogorc realizebuli pro-
duqciis TviTRirebulebis nawili, an rogorc komerciuli an administraciuli
saqmianobis nawili. amiT sawarmo gayidvebis TviTRirebulebas gamoyofs sxva xar-
jebisagan, riTac momxmareblebs ufro Sesaferisi informaciiT uzrunvelyofs.
xarjebis funqciebis anu ,,mimoqcevis xarjebis meTodiT momzadebuli

angariSgeba mogebisa da zaralis Sesaxeb Semdegi saxisaa:
275
amonagebi X
realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba (X)
saerTo mogeba X
sxva Semosavlebi X
komerciuli xarjebi (X)
administraciuli xarjebi (X)
sxva xarjebi (X)
mogeba dabegvramde X
xarjebis aRricxvis meTodebs Soris arCevani damokidebulia istoriul

da samrewvelo faqtorebsa da sawarmos Taviseburebebze. orive meTodi uzrunvel-
yofs im xarjebis daxasiaTebas, romelTaApirdapiri an arapirdapiri cvalebado-
bac mosalodnelia sawarmos warmoebis an realizaciis donis cvlilebebis Sesa-
bamisad. vinaidan wardgenis TiToeul meTods Taviseburi Rirseba axasiaTebs sxva-
dasxva tipis sawarmoTa poziciidan, standarti moiTxovs, rom danaxarjebis kla-
sifikaciis meTodis SerCeva moxdes informaciis saimedoobisa da Sesabamisobis
kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebiT. amasTan, radgan informacia xarjebis ekonomikuri
Sinaarsis Sesaxeb sasargebloa fuladi nakadebis prognozirebisaTvis, sawarmos,
romelic xarjebis klasifikacias funqciebis mixedviT axdens, moeTxoveba damate-
biTi ganmartebebi.
sruli Semosavlis angariSgebis mosamzadeblad samuSao furclis
gamoyenebisas, saWiroa Sesabamisi monacemebi mxolod gadaiweros samuSao
furclidan (sv. 9_10), mogebisa da zaralis Sesaxeb angariSgebis SerCeuli
formatiT. amonagebi aisaxeba neto-sarealizacio RirebulebiT, fasdaTmobebisa
da ukandabrunebebis gamoklebiT. realizebuli maragebis TviTRirebuleba
gaiangariSeba Semdegi wesiT: maragebis sawyis naSTs emateba neto-Sesyidvebi
periodis ganmavlobaSi da akldeba maragebis saboloo naSTi.
276
9.3.2. sakuTari kapitalis cvlilebebis
angariSgeba
bass-is mixedviT, sawarmom unda waradginos sakuTari kapitalis cvlilebe-

bis angariSgeba, romelSic unda aisaxos:
a) saangariSgebo periodis mTliani sruli Semosavali, saTavo sawarmos mesa-

kuTreebsa da aramakontrolebel wilebze misakuTvnebeli mTliani Tanxebis
calke gamoyofiT;
b) sakuTari kapitalis TiToeuli komponentisTvis, saaRricxvo politikis

retrospeqtulad gamoyenebis an Tanxebis retrospeqtulad gadaangariSebis
Sedegebi, bass 8-is Sesabamisad;
d) sakuTari kapitalis TiToeuli komponentisTvis, wlis dasawyissa da wlis

bolos arsebuli sabalanso Rirebulebebis Sejereba, sadac cal-calke iqneba
naCvenebi cvlilebebi, romlebic gamowveulia:
_ mogebis an zaralis cvlilebiT;
_ sxva sruli Semosavlis TiToeuli muxlis cvlilebiT; da
_ mesakuTreebTan, rogorc aqciebis mflobelebTan ganxorcielebuli opera-

ciebiT, sadac cal-calke iqneba naCvenebi mesakuTreebis Senatanebi,
mesakuTreebze ganxorcielebuli ganawilebebi da Svilobil sawarmoebSi
misi sakuTrebis wilebis cvlilebebi, romelic ar iwvevs kontrolis
uflebis dakargvas.
sakuTari kapitalis komponentebi moicavs, magaliTad, sakuTar kapitalSi

ganxorcilebul nebismieri tipis Senatans, sxva sruli Semosavlis TiToeuli
kategoriis akumulirebul naSTs da gaunawilebel mogebas.
sawarmom sakuTari kapitalis cvlilebebis angariSgebaSi, an ganmartebiT

SeniSvnebSi unda aCvenos mesakuTreebze ganawilebuli dividendebis odenoba,
romelic aRiarebulia saangariSgebo periodSi da Sesabamisi Semosavali erT aq-
ciaze.
saangariSgebo periodis or TariRs Soris, dawyebisa da damTavrebis

TariRebs SorisperiodSi sawarmos sakuTar kapitalSi momxdari cvlilebebi gviC-
venebs sawarmos wminda aqtivebis zrdas an Semcirebas saangariSgebo periodis
ganmavlobaSi.
277
sawarmos sakuTari kapitalSi momxdari jamuri cvlileba, garda imisa,
romelic gamowveulia mesakuTreebTan, rogorc aqciebis mflobelebTan ganxorci-
elebuli operaciebiTa da uSualod amgvar operaciebTan dakavSirebuli
saoperacio danaxarjebiT, gviCvenebs saangariSgebo periodSi sawarmos saqmianobi-
dan miRebul mTlian Semosavlebsa da xarjebs, maT Soris, miRebul
Semosulobebsa da danakargebs. aseTi operaciebi SeiZleba iyos: wilis Senatanebi,
sawarmos sakuTari wilobrivi instrumentebis gamosyidva da dividendebis ganawi-
leba.
sakuTari kapitalis cvlilebebis Sesaxeb angariSgebis momzadeba SesaZle-

belia ramdenime gziT. erT-erTia svetebad dayofili formati, romelsac Sesabami-
sobaSi mohyavs sakuTari kapitalis TiToeuli elementis sawyisi da saboloo naS-
Ti.
sakuTari kapitalis cvlilebebis angariSgeba
aqcionerebze misakuTvnebeli umcr. sul

kapitali wili
saaqc. sxva gadaf. gaunaw. jami

kapit. rezer rezervi mogeba
naSTi periodis dasawyisSi X X (X) X X X X
saaqcio kapitalis gamoSveba X X X
ofcioni X X X
dividendebi (X) (X) (X) (X)
saangariSg. periodis mogeba X X X X
zarali qonebis gadafasebidan (X) (X) (X) (X)
naSTi periodis bolos X X (X) X X X X
sakuTari kapitalis cvlilebebis angariSgebis mosamzadeblad saWiroa

samuSao furclis `balansi~-s kreditis svetidan gadatanil iqnes sakuTari
kapitalis amsaxveli angariSebis sawyisi saldo, mogeba/zaralis angariSgebidan
_ wminda mogeba, xolo sxva informacia, romelic samuSao furcelSi gaSlilad
ar aris mocemuli, uSualod saaRricxvo monacemebidan gadaitabeba. aRniSnuli
278
monacemebis mixedviT ganisazRvreba sakuTari kapitalis saboloo naSTi (saldo)
Semadgeneli muxlebis mixedviT, Semdegi gaangariSebiT: sakuTari kapitalis
sawyis naSTs damatebuli saangariSgebo periodis ganmavlobaSi misi zrda da
gamoklebuli kapitalis Semcireba.
9.3.3. finansuri mdgomareobis angariSgeba

(buRaltruli balansi)
balansi buRaltruli aRricxvis meTodis erT-erTi elementia, romelic

drois gansazRvruli momentisaTvis ganzogadebulad, fuladi sazomiT asaxavs
sawarmos aqtivebs, valdebulebebsa da kapitals. buRaltruli balansis
momzadeba buRaltruli aRricxvis erT-erTi ZiriTadi principis fuladi
Sefasebis principis safuZvelze xdeba. am principis gaTvaliswinebiT, balansSi
aqtivebi, valdebulebebi da kapitali erovnul valutiT aisaxeba.
buRaltrul balansSi asaxuli aqtivebi, valdebulebebi da kapitali
axasiaTebs sawarmos finansur mdgomareobas.
buRaltruli balansi saangariSgebo periodis bolosaTvis mzaddeba.
balansSi sawarmos aqtivebi da maTi formirebis wyaroebi buRaltruli
aRricxvis erT_erTi ZiriTadi principis ormxrivobis principis safuZvelze
aisaxeba.
bass-is mixedviT, `yovelma sawarmom balansSi gancalkevebulad unda asaxos

grZelvadiani da mimdinare aqtivebi da valdebulebebi, garda im SemTxvevisa,
rodesac wardgena xdeba likvidobis mixedviT, radgan am SemTxvevaSi warmodgeni-
li informacia ufro saimedo da Sesabamisia. roca amgvari gamonaklisi arsebobs,
maSin yvela aqtivisa da valdebulebis wardgena likvidobis mixedviT unda mox-
des~ (bass1).
zogierTi sawarmosaTvis aqtivebisa da valdebulebebis asaxva likvidobis

mixedviT ufro sando da saWiro informacias warmoadgens, vidre mimdinare da
grZelvadiani niSnis mixedviT asaxva, rac imiTaa gamowveuli, rom sawarmo mkafi-
od gansazRvrul saoperacio ciklSi ar axorcielebs saqonlisa da momsaxure-
bis miwodebas. standartiT, sawarmos SeuZlia zogierTi aqtivi da valdebuleba
warmoadginos mimdinare da grZelvadiani klasifikaciiT da zogierTi _ likvido-
bis mixedviT, Tu amgvari warmodgena ufro saimedo da Sesabamis informacias iZ-
279
leva. aseTi kombinirebis saWiroeba im SemTxvevaSi warmoiqmneba, roca sawarmo
sxvadasxva saxis operacias axorcielebs.
bass-is mixedviT, balansSi aucilebelia aisaxos Semdegi muxlebis Sesabamisi

Tanxebi:
ZiriTadi saSualebebi;
sainvesticio qoneba
aramaterialuri aqtivebi;
finansuri aqtivebi;
investiciebi, romelTa buRaltruli aRricxva xdeba kapital-meTodiT;
biologiuri aqtivebi;
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi;
savaWro da sxva moTxovnebi;
fuladi saxsrebi da maTi ekvivalentebi;
jamuri Tanxa fass 5-is _ `gasayidad gamiznuli grZelvadiani aqtivebi da

Sewyvetili operaciebi~_ Sesabamisad gasayidad gamiznulad klasificirebu-
li aqtivebisa da gasayidad Ggamiznulad klasificirebul gamsvlel jguf-
Si CarTuli aqtivebis;
savaWro da sxva valdebulebebi;
anaricxebi;
finansuri valdebulebebi;
mimdinare sagadasaxado aqtivebi an valdebulebebi;.
gadavadebuli sagadasaxado aqtivi an valdebuleba;
fass 5-is Sesabamisad gasayidad gamiznulad klasificirebul gamsvlel

jgufSi Sesuli valdebulebebi;
aramakontrolebeli wili, romelic warmodgenilia sakuTar kapitalSi;
gamoSvebuli saaqcio kapitali da saTavo sawarmos mesakuTreebze misa-

kuTvnebeli rezervebi.
280
balansi
2012 2011
aqtivebi
grZelvadiani aqtivebi
ZiriTadi saSualebebi X X
sxva aramaterialuri aqtivebi X X
investiciebi X X
X X
mimdinare aqtivebi
sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi X X
savaWro moTxovnebi X X
sxva mimdinare aqtivebi X X
fuladi saxsrebi da maTi ekvivalentebi X X
X X
sul aqtivebi X X
sakuTari kapitali da valdebulebebi
ZiriTadi sawarmos aqcionerebze misakuTvne-

beli sakuTari kapitali
saaqcio kapitali X X
sxva rezervebi X X
gaunawilebeli mogeba X X
X X
umciresobis wili X X
sul sakuTari kapitali X X
grZelvadiani valdebulebebi
281
grZelvadiani sesxebi X X
gadavadebuli gadasaxadi X X
sul grZelvadiani valdebulebebi X X
moklevadiani valdebulebebi
savaWro da sxva valdebulebebi X X
moklevadiani sesxebi X X
grZelvadiani sesxebis mimdinare wili X X
sagadasaxado valdebulebebi X X
sul moklevadiani valdebulebebi X X
sul valdebulebebi X X
sul sakuTari kapitali valdebulebebi X X
balansis mosamzadeblad samuSao furclis `balansi~-s debetisa da
kreditis svetebidan (sv. 11_12) balansis formatze gadaitaneba yvela monacemi
`sakuTari kapitalisa~ garda. sakuTari kapitali balansSi gadaitaneba
àngariSgebidan sakuTari kapitalis cvlilebebis Sesaxeb~.
sayuradReboa is, rom samuSao furcelSi sakuTari kapitalis angariSebis
striqonebze asaxuli saldo saangariSgebo periodis sawyisi saldoa. balansSi
sakuTari kapitali unda asaxavdes mis saldos saangariSgebo periodis bolos da
igi unda emTxveodes mTavari wignis (registris) sakuTari kapitalis angariSebis
saldoebs, angariSebis koreqtirebebisa da daxurvebis gadatanis Semdeg.

282
9.3.4. fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba
angariSgeba fuladi nakadebis Sesaxeb finansuri angariSgebis

momxmareblebs saSualebas aZlevs Seafason sawarmos mier fuladi saSualebebis
da maTi eqvivalentebis gamomuSavebis unari da sawarmos moTxovnileba fulad
saSualebebis gamoyenebaze. finansuri angariSgebis momxmareblebi ekonomikuri
gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas unda gaerkvnen sawarmos mier fuladi saSualebebisa
da maTi eqvivalentebis gamomuSavebis SesaZleblobebSi, mis droulobasa da
saimedoobaSi.
fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba, rogorc finansuri angariSgebis Semadgeneli

nawili da misi komponenti, informaciis momxmarebels saSualebas aZlevs Seafa-
sos sawarmos wminda aqtivebSi momxdari cvlilebebi, misi finansuri struqtura,
likvidoba, gadaxdisunarianoba da sawarmos SesaZlebloba _ droulad moaxdinos
reagireba fuladi saSualebebis raodenobriv mxareze, viTarebisa da pirobebis
Sesabamisad. informacia fuladi nakadebis Sesaxeb aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom
momxmarebelma ara marto Seafasos sawarmoSi fuladi saSualebebisa da maTi ek-
vivalentebis gamomuSavebis SesaZlebloba, aramed agreTve Seafasos da erTmaneTs
Seudaros sxvadasxva sawarmos momavali periodis fuladi nakadebis diskontire-
buli Rirebuleba. gamoricxavs ra fuladi saSualebebTan dakavSirebuli
operaciebisa da movlenebis mimarT buRaltruli aRricxvis sxvadasxva meTodis
gamoyenebas, igi aseve zrdis sxvadasxva sawarmos saqmianobis Sedegebis Sesadari-
sobas.
sawarmoebs fuladi saSualebebi sWirdebaT TavianTi saqmianobis
gansaxorcieleblad, operaciebis Casatareblad, sakuTar valdebulebaTa dasafa-
rad da investorebTan angariSsworebisaTvis. amitom fuladi nakadebis angariSge-
bis wardgena yvela sawarmosaTvis savaldebuloa.
fuladi nakadebi niSnavs fuladi saxsrebisa da maTi ekvivalentebis Semos-
vlasa (Semodinebas) da gasvlas (gadinebas).
fuladi nakadebis angariSgebaSi unda aisaxos saangariSgebo periodis fu-
ladi nakadebi, dajgufebuli saqmianobis saxeobis mixedviT, saoperacio, sainves-
ticio da safinanso saqmianobad. aseTi dajgufeba sawarmos finansur mdgomare-
obaze mocemuli saqmianobis gavlenis Sefasebis saSualebas iZleva.
sawarmos saqmianobis Sefasebis mTavari indikatori saoperacio saqmianobas-
Tan dakavSirebuli fuladi nakadebis odenobaa. aseTebia:
saqonlis gayidvidan da momsaxurebis gawevidan miRebuli fuladi saxsrebi;

roialtebidan, honorarebidan, sakomisio gadasaxdelebidan da sxva Semosavle-
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bidan miRebuli fuladi saxsrebi;
saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze momwodebelTaTvis gadaxdili fuladi saxsrebi;
TanamSromlebisaTvis gadaxdili fuladi saxsrebi;
sadazRvevo premiebiTa da sxva sadazRvevo daxmarebebiT miRebuli da gadaxdi-
li fuladi saxsrebi;
mogebis gadasaxadTan dakavSirebuli fuladi saxsrebis gadaxda an dabruneba;
da
komerciuli garigebisa da savaWro mizniT dadebuli kontraqtebiT miRebuli
da gadaxdili fuladi saxsrebi.
sainvesticio saqmianoba aris grZelvadiani aqtivebisa da im sxva investici-

aTa SeZena da realizacia, romlebsac ar moicavs fuladi saxsrebis ekvivalente-
bi.
sainvesticio saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli fuladi nakadebia:
grZelvadiani aqtivebis SesaZenad gadaxdili da maTi realizaciidan miRe-
buli fuladi saxsrebi;
sxva sawarmoebis sakuTari kapitalis an sasesxo instrumentebisa da erTob-
livi saqmianobis wilis SesaZenad gadaxdili da maTi realizaciidan miRe-
sxva pirebze avansebad da sesxebad gacemuli da gacemuli avansebisa da
sesxebis dasafarad miRebuli fuladi saxsrebi;
fiuCersuli, forvarduli, saofcio da svop_kontraqtebiT gadaxdili da
miRebuli fuladi saxsrebi.
safinanso saqmianoba aris iseTi saqmianoba, romlis Sedegad raodenobrivad

da struqturulad icvleba sawarmos sakuTari kapitali da nasesxebi saSualebe-
bi.
safinanso saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli fuladi nakadebia:
aqciebisa da sakuTari kapitalis sxva instrumentebis gamoSvebis Sedegad miRe-
mesakuTreTaTvis aqciebis SeZenis an gamosyidvis mizniT gadaxdili fuladi
saxsrebi;
savalo fasiani qaRaldebis, sesxebis, Tamasuqebis, obligaciebis, giraoebisa
da sxva moklevadiani an grZelvadiani sesxebis gamoSvebis Sedegad miRebuli
fuladi saxsrebi;
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sesxebis dasafarad gadaxdili fuladi saxsrebi;
moijaris mier finansuri ijaris valdebulebebis Sesamcireblad gadaxdili
fuladi saxsrebi.
sawarmos saoperacio saqmianobidan miRebuli fuladi nakadebis

gansazRvris ori meTodi arsebobs: pirdapiri da arapirdapiri.
pirdapiri meTodiT momzadebuli fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba asaxavs fu-

ladi saxsrebis Semosvlisa da gasvlis mTlian nakadebs, ZiriTadi kategoriebis
mixedviT, amitom bass-iT misi gamoyenebaa rekomendirebuli.
arapirdapiri meTodiT wminda mogeba an zarali koreqtirdeba arafuladi

operaciebis SedegebiT, warsuli an momavali periodis saoperacio Semosavlebisa
da gadaxdebis gadavadebis an daricxvis gaTvaliswinebiT, agreTve im Semosavle-
bisa da xarjebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic dakavSirebulia sainvesticio an sa-
finanso saqmianobis fulad nakadebTan.
pirdapiri meTodis Tanaxmad, informacia fuladi nakadebis Sesaxeb SeiZle-
ba miRebul iqnes:
sawarmos sabuRaltro wignebidan; an
realizaciis, realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebulebis, mogebisa da zara-
lis angariSgebis sxva muxlebis koreqtirebis safuZvelze, Semdegis gaTvalis-
winebiT:
- saangariSgebo periodSi sasaqonlo-materialur faseulobebsa da saopera-
cio saqmianobis Sedegad warmoqmnil moTxovnebsa da gadasaxdelebSi mom-
xdari cvlilebebi;
- sxva arafuladi muxlebi; da
- sxva muxlebi, romlebic gviCvenebs sainvesticio da safinanso saqmianobas-
Tan dakavSirebul fulad nakadebs.
pirdapiri meTodiT fuladi nakadebis angariSgebis momzadeba rig

gaangariSebebTanaa dakavSirebuli. aseTebia:
1. klientebisagan miRebuli fuladi Tanxebis odenoba: amisaTvis unda dazustdes
Semosavlebi realizaciidan, miRebuli fuladi Tanxebis gaTvaliswinebiT, e. i.
Semosavlebidan unda gamoiricxos saangariSgebo periodis bolosaTvis
gadauxdeli moTxovnebi. gaangariSebisaTvis monacemebi aiReba:
_ sruli Semosavlis angariSgebidan Semosavali realizaciidan;

285
_ balansidan savaWro moTxovnebi, wlis dasawyisisa da wlis bolosaTvis.
gagaiangariSeba am naSTebs Soris sxvaoba.
gayidvebidan miRebuli fuladi Tanxa udris realizaciidan miRebul
Semosavals damatebuli savaWro moTxovnebis naSTebis Semcireba; an
gamoklebuli maTi zrda.
2. analogiurad gaiangariSeba momwodeblebisaTvis gadaxdili fuladi Tanxebis

odenoba: amisaTvis unda dazustdes relizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba,
am produqciis damzadebisaTvis gadaxdili fuladi Tanxebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
e. i. unda ganisazRvros SeZenili maragisaTvis gadaxdili fuladi Tanxa.
gaangariSebisaTvis monacemebi aiReba:
- mogebisa da zaralis Sesaxeb angariSgebidan relizebuli
produqciis TviTRirebuleba;
- balansidan maragebi da savaWro-kreditoruli valdebulebebi, wlis
dasawyisisa da wlis bolosaTvis. gagaiangariSeba am naSTebs Soris
Sesabamisi sxvaobebi.
gayidvebidan miRebuli fuladi Tanxa udris relizebuli produqciis
TviTRirebulebas damatebuli maragebis naSTis zrda da savaWro-
kreditoruli valdebulebebis Semcireba; an gamoakldes maragebis
naSTis Semcireba da savaWro-kreditoruli valdebulebebis zrda.
3. sxva xarjebi pirdapir aiReba mogebisa da zaralis Sesaxeb angariSgebidan, Tu

isini saangariSgebo periodis ganmavlobaSi fuladi TanxebiT iyo gaweuli da
Sesabamisad, balansSi valdebulebebi ar aris asaxuli. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi,
Tu am muxlebis mixedviT Tanxebi gadaxdili ar aris da balansSi asaxulia
valdebuleba, magaliTad, gadasaxdeli xelfasi, gadasaxdeli mogebis
gadasaxadi da sxva, saWiroa calkeuli muxlebis mixedviT naSTebs Soris
sxvaobis gaangariSeba da misi gaTvaliswineba.
4. cveTisa da amortizaciis xarji, romelic aiReba mogebisa da zaralis

Sesaxeb angariSgebidan, rogorc arafuladi xarji, gamoiricxeba fuladi
nakadebidan.
5. winaswar gaweuli xarjebi - romelic aiReba balansidan, naSTebis zrda

daemateba, xolo Semcireba gamoakldeba.
arapirdapiri meTodiT fuladi nakadebis angariSgebis momzadebisas, saopera-

cio saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli wminda fuladi nakadebi ganisazRvreba wminda
286
mogebisa da zaralis koreqtirebiT. saangariSgebo periodis wminda mogebas:
- emateba savaWro moTxovnebis naSTebis zrda; an akldeba misi Semcireba;
- emateba maragebis naSTebis Semcireba; an akldeba misi zrda;
- emateba savaWro-kreditoruli valdebulebebis naSTebis zrda; an akldeba
misi Semcireba;
- emateba winaswar gaweuli xarjebis naSTebis Semcireba; an akldeba misi
zrda;
- emateba daricxuli valdebulebebis naSTebis zrda; an akldeba misi
Semcireba;
- emateba sagadasaxado valdebulebebis naSTebis zrda; an akldeba misi
Semcireba;
- emateba cveTisa da amortizaciis xarji
- emateba sainvesticio da finansuri saqmianobebidan miRebuli zarali; an
akldeba mogeba.
magaliTi:
balansi
2012 weli, 31 dekemberi
aqtivebi 2012w. 2011w.
(lari) (lari)
ZiriTadi saSualebebi 50000 40000
maragebi 25000 27000
moTxovnebi miwodebiT 11000 15000
fuladi saSualebebi 14000 3000
kapitali da valdebulebebi
Cveulebrivi aqciebi 60000 60000
valdebulebebi mowodebidan 24500 22000
mogebis gadasaxadi 1545 0
sul kapitali da valdeb. 100000 85000

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(lari) (lari)
Semosavali realizaciidan 105000
realizebuli saqonls TviTRirebuleba 74700
saerTo mogeba 30300
saerTo da administraciuli xarjebi:
xelfasis xarji 14000
cveTa da amortizacia 3400
sxva xarjebi 2600
sul saerTo xarjebi 20000
wminda mogeba 10300
damatebiTi saaRricxvo informacia sawarmos saqmianobis Sesaxeb 2012 wels:
1. wlis ganmavlobaSi ZiriTadi saSualebebi:

- SeZenilia 13400 lari;
- gaiyida - 8000 lari.
gaangariSeba:
1. gayidvebidan miRebuli fuladi Tanxa:
105000 (11000 - 15000) = 101000;
2. momwodeblebisaTvis gadaxdili fuladi Tanxa:

74700 [(25000-27000)+(24500-22000)] = 70200;
3. saoperacio xarjebis dasafaravad gadaxdili fuladi Tanxa:

- daricxuli valdebulebebis dasafaravad gadaxdili fuladi Tanxa:
(1955 1300) + (1545 0) = (2200);
- cveTa da amortizacia (3400);
sul 20000 (2200 + 3400) = 14400
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fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba
(pirdapiri meTodiT)
fuladi nakadebi ZiriTadi saqmianobidan: (lari)

gayidvebidan miRebuli fuladi Tanxa 101000
momwodeblebisaTvis gadaxdili fuladi Tanxa 70200
saoperacio xarjebis dasafaravad gadaxadili Tanxa 14400
wminda fuladi nakadi ZiriTadi saqmianobidan 16400
fuladi nakadebi sainvesticio saqmianobidan:

ZiriTadi saSualebebis gayidviT miRebuli Tanxa 8000
ZiriTadi saSualebebis SesaZenad gadaxdili Tanxa 13400
wminda fuladi nakadi sainvesticio saqmianobidan -5400
fuladi nakadebi finansuri saqmianobidan 0
fuladi saxsrebis wminda zrda 11000
fuladi saSualebebi:
periodis dasawyisSi 3000 lari;
periodis bolos - 14000 lari;
cvlileba (+, _) - 11000 (14000 - 3000).
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fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba
(pirdapiri meTodiT)
fuladi nakadebi ZiriTadi saqmianobidan: (lari)

wminda mogeba 10300
moTxovnebis cvlileba (4000)
maragebis cvlileba 2000
savaWro valdebulebebis cvlileba 2500
daricxuli valdebulebebis cvlileba 2200
cveTa da amortizacia 3400
wminda fuladi nakadi ZiriTadi saqmianobidan 16400
fuladi nakadebi sainvesticio saqmianobidan:

ZiriTadi saSualebebis gayidviT miRebuli Tanxa 8000
ZiriTadi saSualebebis SesaZenad gadaxdili Tanxa 13400
wminda fuladi nakadi sainvesticio saqmianobidan -5400
fuladi nakadebi finansuri saqmianobidan 0
fuladi nakadebis wminda zrda 11000
fuladi saSualebebi:
periodis dasawyisSi 3000 lari;
periodis bolos - 14000 lari;
cvlileba (+, _) - 11000 (14000 - 3000).
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kiTxvebi TviTSemowmebisaTvis
1. ra dokumentebiT formdeba salaroSi naRdi fulis moZraoba?
1. salaros Semosavlis orderiT, salaros gasavlis orderiT;
2. molaris davTariT;
3. CekiT, gancxadebiT naRdi fulis Setanaze.
2. sabanko angariSidan naRdi fulis gamotana gatardeba:

1. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti - erovnuli valuta rezident
bankSi;
2. d-ti - erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi, k-ti - naRdi fuli erovnul
valutaSi;
3. d-ti - naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti valdebulebebi bankisadmi.
3. sawarmos mier investirebuli Tanxebis naRdi angariSsworebiT dafarva

gatardeba:
valutaSi;
valutaSi;
3. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti - investiciebi (moklevadiani da
grZelvadiani).
4. miwodebiT warmoqmnili moTxovnebis (debitoruli davalianebebis) naRdi

angariSsworebiT dafarva gatardeba:
1. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti - moTxovnebi miwodebidan da
momsaxurebidan;
valutaSi;
3. d-ti - naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti valdebulebebi.
5. angariSvaldebuli piris mier saqveangariSo Tanxebis ukandabruneba gatardeba:

1. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti - moTxovnebi personalis mimarT;
2. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti - valdebulebebi personalis
mimarT;
3. d-ti moTxovnebi personalis mimarT, k-ti - valdebulebebi personalis
mimarT.
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6. gayidulia naRdi angariSsworebiT avtomanqana:
1. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti satransporto saSualebebi;
2. d-ti satransporto saSualebebi, k-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi;
3. d-ti ZiriTadi saSualebebi, k-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi.
7. miRebulia salaroSi procentebi gacemuli sesxisaTvis:

1. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti bankis sesxi;
2. d-ti saprocento Semosavlebi, k-ti bankis sesxi;
3. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti saprocento Semosavlebi.
8. miRebulia salaroSi Tanxa winaswar, Semdgom periodSi misawodebeli

produqciisa da gasawevi momsaxurebisaTvis:
1. d-ti miRebuli avansebi, d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi;
2. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti miRebuli avansebi;
3. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti Semosavali realizaciidan.
9. salarodan fuli Setanilia bankSi, angariSsworebis angariSze:

1. d-ti - erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi, k-ti naRdi fuli erovnul
valutaSi;
2. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti - erovnuli valuta rezident
bankSi;
3. d-ti - erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi, k-ti miRebuli avansebi.
10. naRdi erovnuli valutis konvertacisas Sesdgeba buRaltruli gatareba:

1. d-ti - naRdi fuli ucxour valutaSi, k-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi;
2. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti - naRdi fuli ucxour valutaSi;
3. d-ti - naRdi fuli ucxour valutaSi, k-ti kursTa Soris sxvaoba.
11. sawarmom SeiZina sxva sawarmos aqciebi naRdi angariSsworebiT:

1. d-ti - naRdi fuli ucxour valutaSi, k-ti investiciebi;
2. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti - investiciebi;
3. d-ti investiciebi sawarmos fasian qaRaldebSi, k-ti naRdi fuli erovnul
valutaSi.
12. sawarmom qonebis dazRvevisaTvis salarodan gadaixada erTi wlis Senatani:

1. d-ti winaswar gaweuli dazRvevis xarji, k-ti naRdi fuli erovnul
valutaSi;
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2. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti winaswar gaweuli dazRvevis
xarji;
3. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti dazRvevis xarji.
13. sawarmom gadaixada mogebis mimdinare gadasaxadi naRdi angariSsworebiT:

1. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti winaswar gadaxdili mogebis
xarji;
2. d-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi, k-ti mogebis gadasaxadi;
3. d-ti winaswar gadaxdili mogebis gadasaxadi, k-ti naRdi fuli erovnul
valutaSi.
14. salarodan personalze xelfasis gacema gatardeba:

1. d-ti - gadasaxdeli xelfasi, k-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi;
2. d-ti xelfasis xarji, k-ti naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi;
3. d-ti xelfasis xarji, k-ti gadasaxdeli xelfasi.
15. unaRdo angariSsworebis formebia:

1. Caricxvebi da gadaricxvebi;
2. fuladi Cekebi;
3. sagadasaxado davalebebi, akreditivebi, sagadasaxado moTxovna_davalebebi,
saangariSsworebo Cekebi, sainkaso davalebebi.
16. ra dokumentiT formdeba angariSsworebis angariSze naRdi fulis Setana?

1. gancxadebiT naRdi fulis Setanaze;
2. fuladi CekiT;
3. saangariSsworebo CekiT.
17. ra dokumentiT xdeba angariSsworebis angariSidan naRdi fulis gamotana?

1. G gancxadebiT naRdi fulis gamotanaze;
2. fuladi CekiT;
3. gadaxdis davalebiT.
18. ra dokumentiT formdeba bankis meSveobiT ganxorcielebuli unaRdo

operaciebi?
1. sagadasaxado davalebiT, sagadasaxado moTxovna_davalebiT;
2. fuladi CekiT;
3. amonaweriT angariSsworebis angariSidan (avizo).
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19. ra aris aqcepti?
1. unaRdo angariSsworebis forma;
2. bankis avizo;
3. Tanxmoba ganaRdebaze.
20. bankidan miRebul amonawerSi (avizoSi) sad aris asaxuli periodis

ganmavlobaSi sawarmosaTvis fuladi saSualebebis Tanxis zrda?
1. Tanxis zrda, miReba asaxulia debetis svetSi;
2. Tanxis zrda, miReba asaxulia kreditis svetSi;
3. Tanxis zrda, miReba asaxulia Semavali saldos saldos svetSi.
21. bankidan miRebul amonawerSi (avizoSi) sad aris asaxuli periodis

ganmavlobaSi sawarmosaTvis fuladi saSualebebis Tanxis Semcireba?
1. Tanxis zrda, miReba asaxulia debetis svetSi;
2. Tanxis zrda, miReba asaxulia kreditis svetSi;
3. Tanxis zrda, miReba asaxulia Semavali saldos saldos svetSi.
22. sawarmom aiRo bankis moklevadiani sesxi, romelic Cairicxa angariSsworebis

angariSze:
1. d-ti moklevadiani sesxi, k-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi;
2. d-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi, k-ti moklevadiani sesxi;
3. d-ti arasaoperacio Semosavali, k-ti moklevadiani sesxi.
23. sawarmom gayida Senoba, Tanxa Caricxulia angariSsworebis angariSze:

1. d-ti Senobebi, k-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi;
2. d-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi, k-ti Senobebis amortizacia;
3. d-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi, k-ti Senobebi.
24. gaiyida produqcia, Tanxa Caricxulia angariSsworebis angariSze:

1. d-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi, k-ti Semosavali realizaciidan;
2. d-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi, k-ti mza produqcia;
3. d-ti saoperacio Semosavlebi, k-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi.
25. gadaericxa biujets kuTvnili saSemosavlo gadasaxadi:

1. d-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi, k-ti saSemosavlo gadasaxadi;
2. d-ti saSemosavlo gadasaxadi, k-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi;
3. d-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi, k-ti angariSsworeba biujetTan.
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26. wardgenil (gaxsnil) iqna akreditivi:
1. d-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi; k-ti ucxouri valuta;
2. d-ti akreditivebi, k-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi;
3. d-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi; k-ti akreditivi.
27. gadaricxulia Tanxa angariSsworebis angariSidan momwodeblebis

davalianebis dasafaravad:
1. d-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi, k-ti valdebulebebi mowodebiT;
2. d-ti valdebulebebi mowodebiT, k-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi;
3. d-ti masalebi, k-ti erovnuli valuta rezident bankSi.
28. rogor aRiricxeba ucxouri valutiT warmoebuli operaciebi?

1. erovnuli valutiT, operaciis moxdenis dRes arsebuli kursiT;
2. ucxouri valutiT;
3. ucxouri valutiT, dadebiTi sakurso sxvaobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
29. fulis momavali Rirebuleba gaiangariSeba formuliT:

1. FV = PV X (1+i)n
2. PV = FV X (1+i)n
3. FV = PV / (1+i)n
30. fulis mimdinare Rirebuleba gaiangariSeba formuliT:

1. FV = PV X (1+i)n
2. FV = PV / (1-i)n
3. PV = FV / (1+i)n
31. fulis momavali Rirebuleba aris:

1. dRes fulis erTi erTeulis investirebiT momavalSi misaRebi Tanxa,
garkveuli saprocento ganakveTis da periodis pirobebSi;
2. dRes investirebuli fulis erTi erTeulis sabazro Rirebuleba;
3. momavalSi investirebisaTvis gankuTvnili fulis mimdinare Rirebuleba.
32. saqonlis kreditiT gayidva dRg-s gadamxdeli sawarmosaTvis aisaxeba

gatarebiT:
1. d_ti moTxovnebi, k_ti saqoneli; k_ti gadaxdili dRg;
2. d_ti moTxovnebi, k_ti Semosavali realizasiidan, k_ti gadasaxdeli dRg;
3. d_ti moTxovnebi, k_ti Semosavali realizaciidan.
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33. gaiyida saqoneli kreditiT, asanazRaurebeli Tanxa 3600 laria, gansazRvreT
gadasaxdeli dRg-s Tanxa, SeadgineT buRaltruli gatareba:
34. gaiyida saqoneli kreditiT, 3000 lari, dRg - 540 lari, buRaltruli
gatareba:
1. d_ti moTxovnebi 3000; k_ti saqoneli 3000,
k_ti gadaxdili dRg 540;
2. d_ti moTxovnebi 3000; k_ti Semosavali realizaciidan- 3000,
k_ti gadasaxdeli dRg 540;
3. d_ti moTxovnebi 3000; k_ti Semosavali realizaciidan 3000.
35. uimedo moTxovnebis Camowera gatardeba:

1. d_ti saeWvo da uimedo valebis xarji, k_ti moTxovnebis koreqtireba;
2. d_ti saeWvo da uimedo valebis xarji, k_ti moTxovnebi miwodebiT;
3. d_ti moTxovnebi miwodebiT; k_ti saeWvo moTxovnebis koreqtireba.
36. saeWvo valebis rezervis Seqmna gatardeba:

1. d_ti saeWvo moTxovnebis xarji, k_ti saeWvo moTxovnebis koreqtireba;
2. d_ti saeWvo moTxovnebis koreqtireba, k_ti saeWvo moTxovnebis xarji;
3. d_ti saeWvo moTxovnebis koreqtireba, k_ti moTxovnebi.
37. saeWvo valebis rezervis gansazRvra xdeba:

1. analizis meTodiT; wminda realizaciis meTodiT;
2. konkretuli valebis gziT;
3. sawarmos xelmZRvanelobis gadawyvetilebiT.
38. saeWvo valebis rezervis gansazRvra xdeba:

1. analizis meTodiT; wminda realizaciis meTodiT;
2. konkretuli valebis gziT;
3. sawarmos xelmZRvanelobis gadawyvetilebiT.
39. sasaqonlo materialuri faseulobebis damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi

kriteriumebia:
1. isini materialuri grZelvadiani aqtivebia;
2. sawarmos sakuTrebas warmoadgens da xanmokle periodis ganmavlobaSi rCeba mis
gankargulebaSi; gankuTvnilia gasayidad an warmoebaSi gamosayeneblad;
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2. mudmiv moZraobas ar ganicdis da aqtivad aisaxeba masTan dakavSirebuli
Semosavlis miRebis aRiarebis Semdeg.
40. sasaqonlo-materialur maragebs miekuTvneba:

1. sawarmos balansze ricxuli yvela faseuloba;
2. mxolod sawarmos mier Semdgomi gayidvis mizniT SeZenili saqoneli, romelic
SeZenis Semdeg fizikuri formis arsebiT cvlilebebs ar ganicdis;
3. saqoneli, masalebi, daumTavrebeli warmoeba, mza produqcia.
41. bass-is mixedviT, sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis Sefaseba xdeba:

1. TviTRirebulebiT;
2. diskontirebuli RirebulebiT;
3. TviTRirebulebasa da neto sarealizacio Rirebulebas Soris umciresi
TanxiT.
42. sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobis TviTRirebuleba moicavs:

1. faseulobebis gadamuSavebis xarjebs;
2. Sesyidvis fassa da ukandasabrunebel gadasaxadebs;
3. maT SeZenasTan da gadamuSavebasTan dakavSirebul yvela danaxarjs, agreTve
transportirebasa da saTanado mdgomareobaSi mosayvanad gaweul danaxarjebs.
43. bass-is mixedviT, sasaqonlo -materialuri faseulobebis TviTRirebulebis

gansazRvris meTodebia:
1. mimdinare sabazro Rirebulebis meTodi;
2. uwyveti da wyvetili meTodi;
3. individualuri danaxarjebis specifikuri identifikaciis meTodi; saSualo
Sewonili Rirebulebis meTodi; `fifo~-s meTodi.
44. sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis aRricxvis meTodebia:

1. pirdapiri da arapirdapiri meTodi;
2. uwyveti da perioduli meTodi;
3. saSualo Sewonilis, da `fifos~ meTodebi.
45. maragebis uwyveti aRricxvis meTodiT saqonlis kreditiT SeZena aisaxeba
gatarebiT:
1. d_ti - Sesyidvebi; k_ti - valdebulebebi miwodebidan da momsaxurebidan;
2. d_ti - saqoneli; k_ti - valdebulebebi miwodebidan da momsaxurebidan;
3. d_ti - saqoneli; k_ti - naRdi fuli.
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46. maragebis uwyveti aRricxvis meTodiT saqonlis SeZena naRdi angariSsworebiT

aisaxeba gatarebiT:
1. d_ti - Sesyidvebi; k_ti - valdebulebebi miwodebidan da momsaxurebidan;
2. d_ti - saqoneli; k_ti - valdebulebebi miwodebidan da momsaxurebidan;
3. d_ti - saqoneli; k_ti - naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi.
47. maragebis uwyveti aRricxvis meTodiT saqonlis gayidva naRdi

angariSsworebiT aisaxeba gatarebiT:
1. d_ti - moTxovnebi; k_ti - Semosavali realizaciidan;
2. a. d_ti - naRdi fuli; k_ti - Semosavali realizaciidan;
b. d_ti - realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba; k_ti - saqoneli;
3. d_ti - moTxovnebi; k_ti - saqoneli.
48. maragebis uwyveti aRricxvis meTodiT saqonlis kreditiT gayidva aisaxeba

gatarebiT:
1. a. d_ti - moTxovnebi; k_ti - Semosavali realizaciidan;
2. a. d_ti - naRdi fuli; k_ti - Semosavali realizaciidan;
3. d_ti - moTxovnebi; k_ti - saqoneli;
49. maragebis perioduli aRricxvis meTodiT, saqonlis SeZena naRdi

1. d_ti - SeZenili saqonlis TviTRirebuleba; k_ti - naRdi fuli;
2. d_ti - saqoneli; k_ti - naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi;
50. maragebis perioduli aRricxvis meTodiT, saqonlis kreditiT SeZena aisaxeba

gatarebiT:
1. d_ti - SeZenili saqonlis TviTRirebuleba; k_ti - valdebulebebi mowodebiT;
2. d_ti - saqoneli; k_ti - valdebulebebi mowodebiT;
51. maragebis perioduli aRricxvis meTodiT saqonlis kreditiT gayidva aisaxeba

gatarebiT:
1. d_ti - moTxovnebi miwodebiT da momsaxurebiT; k_ti - saqoneli;
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2. d_ti-moTxovnebi miwodebiT da momsaxurebiT; k_ti - Semosavali realizaciidan;
3. d_ti - gayidvebis TviTRirebuleba; k_ti - Semosavali realizaciidan.
52. maragebis perioduli aRricxvis meTodiT saqonlis gayidva naRdi

1. d_ti - moTxovnebi miwodebiT da momsaxurebiT; k_ti - saqoneli;
2. d_ti - naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi; k_ti - Semosavali realizaciidan;
3. d_ti - gayidvebis TviTRirebuleba; k_ti - Semosavali realizaciidan.
53. bass-is Sesabamisad, sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis gayidvisas, maTi

sabalanso Rirebuleba unda aRiardes:
1. mimdinare xarjebis kapitalizirebul nawilad;
2. momavali periodis xarjebad;
3. im periodis xarjebad, rodesac miRebul iqna Sesabamisi Semosavlebi.
54. bass-is Sesabamisad, nebismieri sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis neto sa-

realizacio Rirebulebamde Camoweris Tanxa unda aRiardes:
1. im periodis xarjebad, roca adgili hqonda danakargebs;
2. sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis Tanxis zrdad;
3. im periodis xarjebad, roca moxda Camowera.
55. sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis danakargis Tanxebi unda aRiardes:
1. im periodis xarjebad, roca adgili hqonda danakargebs;
2. sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis Tanxis zrdad;
3. im periodis xarjebad, roca moxda Camowera.
56. ZiriTadi saSualebebi aris:

1. sabrunavi aqtivebi;
2. aramaterialuri aqtivebi;
3. grZelvadiani materialuri aqtivebi.
57. ZiriTdi saSualebebis sawarmoSi miReba SeiZleba moxdes:

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1. naRdi fuladi saSualebebis gadaxdiT, kreditiT SeZeniT, aqciebze gacvliT,
barteruli gacvliT, sameurneo wesiT mSeneblobis da konstruirebis gziT,
gziT da usasyidlod Cuqebis wesiT;
2. SeZena mxolod naRdi angariSsworebiT;
3. centralizebuli wesiT ganawilebis gziT.
58. ZiriTadi saSualebis obieqti, romelic akmayofilebs aqtivis aRiarebis

kriteriums, Tavdapirvelad unda Sefasdes:
1. misi TviTRirebulebiT;
2. gadafasebuli RirebulebiT;
3. diskontirebuli RirebulebiT.
59. ZiriTadi saSualebebis kreditiT SeZenisas Sedgeba buRaltruli gatareba:

1. d-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi, k-ti - valdebulebebi mowodebiT;
2. d-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi, k-ti - sawesdebo kapitali;
3. d-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi, k-ti - moTxovnebi.
60. ZiriTadi saSualebebis usasyidlod miRebisas Sedgeba buRaltruli gatareba:

1. d-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi, k-ti - valdebulebebi;
2. d-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi, k-ti - sawesdebo kapitali;
3. d-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi, k-ti - rezervebi;
61. ZiriTadi saSualebebis eqspluataciasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi jgufdeba:

1. kapitalizirebul da arakapitalizirebul (mimdinare) xarjebad;
2. ZiriTadi saSualebebis modifikaciis xarjebad;
3. ZiriTad da zednadeb xarjebad.
62. ra SemTxvevaSi warmoadgens ZiriTadi saSualebebis eqspluataciasTan

dakavSirebuli xarjebi mimdinare periodis xarjs:
1. Tu igi ar iwvevs maTi sasargebo gamoyenebis periodis gaxangrZlivebas an maTi
warmadobis amaRlebas;
2. Tu igi ZiriTadi saSualebebis modifikaciis xarjebia;
3. Tu igi iwvevs maTi sasargebo gamoyenebis periodis gaxangrZlivebas.
63. ras niSnavs ZiriTadi saSualebebis eqspluataciasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis

kapitalizacia:
1. am xarjebis gamoklebas ZiriTadi saSualebebis pirvandeli Rirebulebidan;
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2. am xarjebis aqtivad aRiarebas;
3. am xarjebis mikuTvnebas dagrovili cveTis angariSze.
64. aqtivebis sasargeblo momsaxurebis vadis ganmavlobaSi maTi cveTis Tanxis

dadgenisaTvis SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes Semdegi meTodebi:
1. pirvandeli Rirebulebis meTodi;
2. kapitalizaciis meTodi; daCqarebuli cveTis meTodi;
3. wrfivi cveTis meTodi, Semcirebadi naSTis meTodi da warmoebis erTeulTa ja-
mis meTodi.
65. ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTisa da amortizaciis daricxva gatardeba:

1. d-ti cveTisa da amortizaciis xarji; k-ti dagrovili cveTa;
2. d-ti dagrovili cveTa, k-ti ZiriTadi saSualebebi;
3. d-ti cveTisa da amortizaciis xarji; k-ti ZiriTadi saSualebebi.
66. rogor aisaxeba buRaltrul aRricxvaSi ZiriTadi saSualebebis gadafasebiT

gamowveuli fasmateba?
1. d-ti - sawesdebo kapitali; k-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi;
2. d-ti - dagrovili cveTa, k-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi;
3. d-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi; k-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebis gadafasebis rezervi.
67. rogor aisaxeba buRaltrul aRricxvaSi ZiriTadi saSualebebis likvidacia?

1. d-ti - saemisio kapitali; k-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi;
2. d-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi, k-ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebis gasvla;
3. d-ti - dagrovili cveTa, d-ti - arasaoperacio zarali;
k_ti - ZiriTadi saSualebebi.
68. aramaterialuri aqtivebia:

1. patentebi, licenziebi, koncesiebi, gudvili; saavtoro uflebebi, sasaqonlo
niSnebi;
2. moTxovnebi da valdebulebebi;
3. sawarmos mimdinare aqtivebi.
69. aramaterialuri aqtivis SeZena aisaxeba buRaltruli gatarebiT:

1. d_ti - naRdi fuli, k_ti - aramaterialuri aqtivi;
2. d_ti - aramaterialuri aqtivi, k_ti - naRdi fuli, an valdebulebebi
miwodebiT;
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3. d_ti - aramaterialuri aqtivi, k_ti - kapitali.
70. aramaterialuri aqtivebis, rogorc sawarmoTa gaerTianebis nawilis SeZena

aisaxeba gatarebiT:
1. d_ti - aramaterialuri aqtivi, k_ti - sawesdebo kapitali;
2. d_ti - aramaterialuri aqtivi, k_ti - moTxovnebi miwodebiT;
3. d-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebi; d-ti gudvili;
k-ti fuladi saSualebebi; an k-ti valdebulebebi miwodebiT.
71. aramaterialuri aqtivebis gayidva buRaltrul aRricxvaSi aisaxeba gatarebiT:
1. d-ti - fuladi saSualebebi;
d-ti - valdebulebebi miwodebiT;
k-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizacia;
2. d-ti - fuladi saSualebebi (gayidvis RirebulebiT);
k-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebi (pirvandeli RirebulebiT);
k-ti - arasaoperacio mogeba.
3. d-ti - arasaoperacio zarali; k-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizacia.
72. amortizaciis romeli meTodi gamoiyeneba ZiriTadad, aramaterialuri

aqtivebis amortizaciis gaangariSebisas?
1. wrfivi anu Tanabarzomieri Camoweris meTodi;
2. Semcirebadi naSTis meTodi;
3. daCqarebuli amortizaciis meTodi.
73. aramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizaciis daricxva gatardeba:

1. d-ti - amortizaciis xarji, k-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizacia;
2. d-ti - dagrovili amortizacia, k-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebi;
3. d-ti - aramaterialuri aqtivebi k-ti - amortizaciis xarji.
74. ras warmoadgens gudvili?

1. myidvelis mier iseTi aqtivebidan momavali ekonomikuri sargeblis
miRebisaTvis Sesrulebul gadaxdas, romelTa cal-calke gansazRvra da
aRiareba SeuZlebelia;
2. sxvaobas sabazro Rirebulebasa da aqtivebis Rirebulebas Soris;
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3. sxvaobas sawarmos gasayid Rirebulebasa da misi wminda valdebulebebis
Rirebulebas Soris.
75. rodis warmoiSoba gudvili?
1. sawarmos aqtivebis nawilis SeZenisas;
2. sawarmos an misi damoukidebeli nawilis miwodebisas (Serwymisas);
3. sawarmos likvidaciis dros.
76. warmoSobis mixedviT gudvili SeiZleba iyos:

1. martivi an rTuli;
2. Cveuli (damaxasiaTebeli) an SeZenili;
3. or mxares Soris garigebis Sedegad gansazRvruli.
77. moklevadiani valdebulebebi SeiZleba dajgufdes:

1. gadaxdis vadebis mixedviT;
2. daricxul da dauricxav valdebulebebad;
3. faqtiur, SefasebiT da pirobiT valdebulebebad.
78. mowodebiT da momsaxurebiT valdebulebis warmoqmna gatardeba:

1. d-ti SeZenili maragebis TviTRirebuleba;
k-ti - mowodebidan da momsaxurebidan warmoqmnili valdebulebebi;
2. d-ti - mowodebidan da momsaxurebidan warmoqmnili valdebulebebi;
k-ti SeZenili maragebis TviTRirebuleba;
3. orive pasuxi mcdaria.
79. mowodebiT warmoqmnili valdebulebebis gadaxda gatardeba:

k-ti fuladi saSualebebis Sesabamisi angariSebi;
2. d-ti SeZenili maragebis TviTRirebuleba;
k-ti - mowodebidan da momsaxurebidan warmoqmnili valdebulebebi;
k-ti moTxovnebi.
80. kreditoruli Tamasuqis saxeebia:

1. procentiani da uprocento Tamasuqi;
2. nominaluri da realuri Tamasuqi;
3. Cveulebrivi Tamasuqi; sargeblis nominalSi Semcveli Tamasuqi.
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81. avansebis miReba aisaxeba buRaltruli gatarebiT:
1. d-ti miRebuli avansebi; k-ti Semosavali realizaciidan;
2. d-ti fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi; k-ti miRebuli avansebi;
3. d-ti miRebuli avansebi; k-ti fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi.
82. dRg-s daricxva aisaxeba buRaltruli gatarebiT:

1. dti - fuladi saSualebebi, an dti - moTxovnebi miwodebiT da
momsaxurebiT;
k-ti - Semosavali realizaciidan; k-ti - gadasaxdeli dRg;
2. d-ti - gadasaxdeli dRg; k-ti - Semosavali realizaciidan;
3. d-ti - Semosavali realizaciidan; k-ti - gadasaxdeli dRg.
83. gadaxdili dRg-s CaTvla aisaxeba buRaltruli gatarebiT:

1. d-ti _ gadaxdili dRg; k-ti _ gadasaxdeli dRg;
2. d-ti _ gadasaxdeli dRg; k-ti _ gadaxdili dRg;
3. d-ti naRdi fuli; k-ti _ gadaxdili dRg.
84. dRg-s davalianebis gadaxda gatardeba:

1. d-ti _ gadasaxdeli dRg; k-ti _ erovnuli valuta bankSi;
2. d-ti _ gadaxdili dRg; k-ti _ gadasaxdeli dRg;
3. d-ti _ erovnuli valuta bankSi; k-ti _ gadasaxdeli dRg.
85. mogebis gadasaxdis daricxva gatardeba:

1. d_ti - mogebis gadasaxadi, k_ti - mogebis gadasaxadis xarji;
2. d_ti - mogebis gadasaxadis xarji k_ti - gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadi;
3. d_ti - gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadi, k_ti - mogeba.
86. ra aris saaRricxvo mogeba/zarali:

1. saangariSgebo periodis mogebis an zaralis Tanxa sagadasaxado xarjis
gamoqviTvamde;
2. saangariSgebo periodis wminda mogebis an zaralis Tanxa sagadasaxado xarjis
gamoklebis Semdeg;
3. mogebis gadasaxadis yovelwliuri deklaraciiT gaangariSebuli mogeba.
87. bass-is Tanaxmad, rogori gansxvaveba SeiZleba arsebobdes sagadasaxado da

saaRricxvo mogebas Soris?
1. droebiTi, mudmivi;
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2. araarsebiTi;
3. arsebiTi.
88. ra aris gadavadebuli sagadasaxado aqtivi?
1. Semosavlebidan gadasaxadebis is nawili, romlis dabruneba momaval
saangariSgebo periodSi unda moxdes;
2. dasabegri droebiTi sxvaoba, romelic gadaxdil iqneba momaval saangariSgebo
periodSi;
3. mudmivi gansxvavebiT gamowveuli sxvaoba sagadasaxado da finansur Semosavals
Soris.
89. ra aris gadavadebuli sagadasaxado valdebuleba?

1. Semosavlebidan gadasaxadebis is nawili, romlis dabruneba momaval
saangariSgebo periodSi unda moxdes;
2. dasabegri droebiTi sxvaoba, romelic gadaxdil iqneba momaval saangariSgebo
periodSi;
3. mudmivi gansxvavebiT gamowveuli sxvaoba sagadasaxado da finansur Semosavals
Soris.
90. warmoSobili gadavadebuli mogebis gadasaxdis valdebuleba aisaxeba

gatarebiT:
1. d_ti - mogebis gadasaxadis xarji (sagadasaxado mogebis TanxiT)
k_ti - gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadi (saaRricxvo mogebis TanxiT)
k_ti - gadavadebuli mogebis gadasaxadi (sxvaobis TanxiT);
2. d_ti - mogebis gadasaxadis xarji (saaRricxvo mogebis TanxiT)
k_ti - gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadi (sagadasaxado mogebis TanxiT)
k_ti - gadavadebuli mogebis gadasaxadi (sxvaobis TanxiT);
3. d_ti - mogebis gadasaxadis xarji (saaRricxvo mogebis TanxiT)
k_ti - gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadi (sagadasaxado mogebis TanxiT)
k_ti - gadavadebuli aqtivi (sxvaobis TanxiT);
91. ra aris qonebis gadasaxadis gaangariSebis baza?
1. sawarmos kuTvnili uZravi qoneba;
2. sawarmos balansze ricxuli qonebis saSualowliuri Rirebuleba;
3. saangariSgebo periodSi sawarmos mier SeZenili uZravi qoneba.
92 qonebis gadasaxadis daricxva gatardeba:

1. d_ti - qonebis gadasaxadi; k_ti - qonebis gadasaxadis xarji;
2. d_ti - mogeba; k_ti - gadasaxdeli qonebis gadasaxadi;
305
3. d_ti - qonebis gadasaxadis xarji; k_ti - gadasaxdeli qonebis gadasaxadis.
93. gadasaxdeli procentis daricxva gatardeba:

1. d_ti - saprocento xarjebi; k_ti - arasaoperacio Semosavali;
2. d_ti - saprocento xarjebi; k_ti - gadasaxdeli procentebi;
3. d_ti - gadasaxdeli procentebi; k_ti gaunawilebeli mogeba.
94. gadasaxdeli xelfasis daricxva gatardeba:

1. d_ti - xelfasis xarjebi; k_ti - gadasaxdeli xelfasi;
2. d_ti - gadasaxdeli xelfasi; k_ti - xelfasis xarji;
3. d_ti - gadasaxdeli xelfasi; k_ti - saerTo da administraciuli xarjebi.
95. xelfasidan saSemosavlo gadasaxadis dakaveba gatardeba:

1. d_ti - gadasaxdeli xelfasi; k_ti - naRdi fuli;
2. d_ti - gadasaxdeli xelfasi; k_ti - saSemosavlo gadasaxadi;
3. d_ti gaunawilebeli mogeba, k_ti - saSemosavlo gadasaxadi.
96. rogori gatareba unda Sedges, Tu gamocxadda dividendebis gacemis Sesaxeb?

1. d_ti - gadasaxdeli dividendebi; k_ti - fuladi saSualebebi;
2. d_ti - gaunawilebeli mogeba; k_ti - gadasaxdeli dividendebi;
3. d_ti - gadasaxdeli dividendebi; k_ti - gaunawilebeli mogeba.
97. aqciebis gamoSveba gatardeba:

1. d-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi;
k-ti _ Cveulebrivi aqciebi;
k-ti _ saemisio kapitali;
2. d-ti _ Cveulebrivi aqciebi; k-ti _ saemisio kapitali;
3. d-ti _ saemisio kapitali; k-ti _ fuladi saSualebebis angariSebi.
98. xelmoweriT aqciebis gavrceleba gatardeba:

1. d-ti _ aqciebi xelmoweriT; k-ti _ moTxovnebi aqciebze xelmoweriT;
2. d-ti _ moTxovnebi aqciebze xelmoweriT;
k-ti _ aqciebi xelmoweriT; k-ti _ saemisio kapitali;
3. d-ti _ saemisio kapitali; k-ti _ aqciebi xelmoweriT.
99. sakuTari Cveulebrivi aqciebis gamosyidva nominaluri RirebulebiT gatardeba:

1. d_ti - gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebi, k_ti - fuladi saSualebebi;
2. d_ti - sakuTari kapitali, k_ti - Cveulebrivi aqciebi;
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3. d_ti - Cveulebrivi aqciebi, k_ti - saemisio kapitali.
96. ras warmoadgens ofcioni:

1. SeTanxmebas, xelmZRvanelobis mier TanamSromlebze aqciebis sabazro fasTan
SedarebiT SeRavaTiani fasiT gavrcelebis Sesaxeb;
2. SeTanxmebas, xelmZRvanelobis mier TanamSromlebze aqciebis nominaluri
RirebulebiT gavrcelebis Sesaxeb;
3. aqciebis gavrcelemas xelmoweriT.
100. sesxiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli danaxarjebis kapitalizacia xdeba,

Tu:
1. mosalodnelia am aqtivebisagan momavalSi ekonomikuri sargeblis miReba;
2. SesaZloa danaxarjebis saimedod Sefaseba;
3. orive pasuxi sworia.
101. saqmianobis romeli saxis mixedviT aisaxeba fuladi nakadebis angariSgebaSi

informacia fuladi nakadebis Sesaxeb:
1. ZiriTadi saqmianobidan; sainvesticio da finansuri saqmianobidan;
2. mxolod finansuri saqmianobidan;
3. samewarmeo saqmianobidan.
102. sawarmos ZiriTadi saqmianobidan miRebuli wminda fuladi nakadebis

gansazRvris ra meTodebi arsebobs:
1. pirdapiri da ZiriTadi;
2. mudmivi da cvalebadi;
3. orive pasuxi sworia.
103. ZiriTadi saqmianobidan miRebuli wminda fuladi nakadis pirdapiri meTodiT

gansazRvrisas _ fuladi nakadebis Semodineba gaiangariSeba Semdegi wesiT:
1. gayidvebidan miRebul Semosavals plius procentebisa da dividendebis saxiT
miRebuli Semosavali;
2. gayidvebidan miRebul Semosavals plius debitoruli davalianebis Semcireba an
minus debitoruli davalianebis zrda;
3. gayidvebidan miRebuli wminda Semosavals plius procentebisa da dividendebis
saxiT miRebuli Semosavlebi.
307
Semajamebeli amocana
sawarmos saaRricxvo politika
1. saangariSgebo periodi 2013 weli;
2. angariSTa gegma moqmedi;
3. sawarmos mier maragebis Sefasebis meTodia - `fifo~.
4. maragebis aRricxvis meTodebi:

a. masalebis aRricxvisas mudmivi meTodi;
b. produqciisa da daumTavrebeli warmoebis aRricxvisas perioduli
meTodi;
5. maragebis Sefasebis meTodi - `fifo~
6. aqtivebis cveTisa da amortizaciis gaangariSebis meTodi:
wrfivi (Tanabarzomieri Camowera);
7. ZiriTadi saSualebebis sasargeblo gamoyenebis vadebi da amortizaciis

wliuri normebi:
dasaxeleba sabalanso sasarg. salikvid. amort.

Rirebuleba gamy. vada Rirebuleba wl. norma
Senobebi 10000 20 0 500
manqana-danadgarebi 36814 10 814 3600
aveji da sxv. inventari 6300 5 0 1260
satransporto saSual. 7000 5 0 1400

308
damatebiTi informacia:
1. maragebis naSTi inventarizaciis monacemebiT:

a. saangariSgebo periodis dasawyisSi:
- masalebi 250 erTeuli, erTeulis fasi 60 lari; Rirebuleba - 15000 lari;
- mza produqcia 87 cali, erTeulis fasi 100 lari; Rirebuleba - 8700 lari;
- daumTavrebeli warmoeba 7900 lari.
b. saangariSgebo periodis bolos:

- masalebi 268 erTeuli;
- mza produqcia 257 cali.
- daumTavrebeli warmoeba Sefasda - 3125 larad.
2. gadasaxadebis gaangariSebis miznebisaTvis xelfasis saerTo Tanxa (27000 lari)

CaiTvalos 1 piris xelfasad;
3. sawarmos erT erTi klienti, romlis davalianeba 6600 laria, gakotrebulia;
4. warsuli wlebis gamocdilebiT, saangariSsworebo periodis bolosaTvis

gaunaRdebeli rCeba moTxovnebis (debitoruli davalianebebis) 3%.
5. 31 dekembers direqtorTa sabWos mier gamocxadda gasuli wlis mogebidan

dividendebis gacemis Sesaxeb, 2000 laris odenobiT.
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sacdeli balansi
1 ianvari, 2013 weli
kodi angariSebis dasaxeleba
debeti krediti
1110 naRdi fuli er. valutaSi 2000
1210 er.valuta rezident bankSi 47164
1220 ucx. valuta rezident bankSi 7000
1410 moTxovnebi miwodebiT 18000
1620 nedleuli da masalebi 15000
1630 daumTavrebeli warmoeba 7900
1640 mza produqcia 8700
1910 winaswar gadax. mogebis gadasax. 3236
2120 daumTavrebeli mSenebloba 10000
2150 manqana-danadgarebi 68500
2170 aveji da sxva inventari 7800
2250 manqana-danadgarebis cveTa 16100
2270 avejisa da inventaris cveTa 1500
3110 valdebulebebi miwodebiT 37300
3130 gadasaxdeli xelfasi 8700
3330 gadasaxdeli dRg 10000
3370 saSemosavlo gadasaxadi 3000
5110 Cveulebrivi aqciebi 50000
5140 saemisio kapitali 21400
5310 gaunawilebeli mogeba 29000
5420 Zir. saS. Ggadafas. rezervi 20000
7390 miwodebis sxva xarjebi 1700
sul 197000 197000

310
saangariSgebo periodSi momxdari sameurneo
operaciebi:
1. SeZenilia avtomanqana unaRdo angariSsworebiT - 7000 lari;
2. damTavrda ofisis Senobis mSenebloba, misma TviTRirebulebam 10000 lari

Seadgina;
3. uvargisobis gamo Camoiwera danadgari: pirvandeli Rirebuleba - 5900 lari;

dagrovili cveTa 5500 lari; demontaJi - 75lari; - narCenebi jarTi - 90
lari;
4. sawarmom gayida danadgari 4 wlis ganvadebiT, yovelwliuri Tanabarzomieri

gadaxdiT da miiRo Tamasuqi. moTxovnis saerTo Tanxa - 20000 lari; mimdinare
saprocento ganakveTi 12%;
5. aRebulia bankis sesxi 50000 lari, 2 wlis vadiT, wliuri 18%_iani ganakveTiT.
mimdinare wlis 31 dekembers unda daifaros ZiriTadi Tanxis 30% da Sesabamisi
saprocento gadasaxdeli. danarCeni momavali wlis 31 dekembers.
6. klientebisagan winaswar Caricxulia misawodebeli (160 cali)

produqciisaTvis 24000 lari;
7. SeZenilia masalebi, Rirebuleba - 30000 lari; transportirebis xarji - 2100

lari; fuli gadaricxulia sabanko angariSidan.
8. kompaniam gayida 1000 cali Cveulebrivi aqcia 15000 larad; 1 aqciis

nominaluri Rirebuleba -10 lari;
9. miRebulia masalebi mimwodeblebisagan. angariS-faqturis monacemebia:

Rirebuleba - 45000 lari; transportirebis xarji - 4200 lari; dRg - 8856
lari; sul - 58056 lari;
10. satransporto organizaciam warmoadgina angariSi rkinigzis sadguridan

masalebis mozidvisaTvis, Tanxa - 2667 lari; m. S. momsaxurebis Rirebuleba
2260 lari; dRg - 407 lari;
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11. sawyobidan gacemulia masalebi, romelic daixarja: warmoebaSi -
70000 lari; sxva saerTo saWiroebaze - 10000 lari; sul - 80000 lari;
12. Cabarda sawyobs warmoebis narCenebi SesaZlo gamoyenebis fasebiT - 4000 lari;
13. daricxulia xelfasi 27000 lari; m. S.: warmoebis muSebis - 23700 lari;
sammarTvelo personalis 3300 lari;
14. daekava personals xelfasidan saSemosavlo gadasaxadi _ 5400 lari;
15. SeZenilia emitenti sawarmosagan obligaciebi $ 3.000 (2.10=$1), 1 wlis vadiT,

wliuri 24-%-iani ganakveTiT. brokeris sakomisio anazRaureba investiciis
Rirebulebis 1%;
16. gaiyida danadgari 5500 larad Sps `grdemlze~. Tanxa Caricxulia sabanko
angariSze; danadgaris pirvandeli Rirebuleba 6700 lari; dagrovili cveTa
1575 lari;
17. saremonto organizaciam warmoadgina angariSi ofisis Senobis Sesrulebuli

saremonto samuSaoebis asanazRaureblad - 6844 lari; m.S. saremonto
samuSaoebis Rirebuleba - 5800 lari, dRg - 1044 lari;
18. `Telasi~-dan miRebulia angariSi moxmarebuli el.energiis Rirebulebis

asanazRaureblad. el.energia daixarja: warmoebaSi - 5185 lari; sxva saerTo
saWiroebaze - 4975 lari; dRg - 1828 lari; sul - 11988 lari;
20. myidvelebs gaegzavnaT mza produqcia 100 cali; erTeulis gasayidi - fasi 150
lari; Rirebuleba - 15000 lari; dRg - 2700 lari; sul - 17700 lari;
21. Tanaxmad xelSekrulebisa, miRebulia salaroSi grZelvadiani TamasuqiT - 5000

lari; m. S. ZiriTadi Tanxa 3178 lari; saprocento Semosavali - 1822 lari;
22. Caricxulia klientisagan valis dasafaravad 3000 lari;

312
24. klientebs gaegzavna produqcia 500 cali; Rirebuleba - 75000 lari; dRg -
13500 lari; sul 88500 lari;
25. gadaricxulia sabanko angariSidan produqciis gagzavnis xarjebi, romelic

unda aanazRauros myidvelma 6600 lari; m. S.: rkinigzis sadguramde
mitanisaTvis - 593 lari; rkinigzis xarji - 5000 lari; dRg - 1007 lari;
26. myidvels gaegzavna produqcia 160 cali, winaswar gadaxdis angariSSi;
27. Caricxulia klientisagan valis dasafaravad 65000 lari;
28. gadaericxaT momwodeblebs valis dasafaravad 100200 lari;
29. Caricxulia klientisagan 42500 lari;
30. klients gaegzavna produqcia 270 cali, erTeulis fasi 150 lari; Rirebuleba -
40500 lari; dRg - 7290 lari; sul - 47790 lari;
angariSsworeba miwodebisTanave, Tanxa Caricxulia sabanko angariSze;
31. `wyalkanalidan~ miRebulia angariSi moxmarebuli wylis Rirebulebis

asanazRaureblad, romelic daixarja: warmoebaSi - 4740 lari; sxva saerTo
saWiroebaze - 660 lari; dRg - 972 lari; sul - 6372 lari;
32. gadaericxa biujets kuTvnili dRg;
33. gamotanilia bankidan xelfasis gasacemad 24000 lari;
34. gadaericxa biujets saSemosavlo gadasaxadi _ 8400 lari;
35. gacemulia xelfasi 29000 lari;
36. gastumrebulia grZelvadiani sesxis mimdinare nawili 15000 lari; gadasaxdeli

procentebi - 9000 lari; sul - 24000 lari.
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mTavari saregistracio Jurnali
2013 weli
# angariSebis dasaxeleba aRniSvna debeti krediti
1 satransporto saSualebebi 2180 7000

er. valuta bankSi 1210 7000
2 Senobebi 2130 10000
daumTavrebeli mSenebloba 2120 10000
3 manq. danadgarebis cveTa 2250 5500
masalebi 1620 90
arasaoperacio zarali 8220 385
manqana-danadgarebi 2150 5900
naRdi fuli er. valutaSi 1110 75
4 miRebuli grZelvad. Tamasuqi 2310 15186
grZelvad. Tamasuq. mimd. nawili 1520 3178
miRebuli grZelvad. Tamasuqi 2310 3178
misaRebi procentebi 1820 1822
saprocento Semosavali 8110 1822
5 er. valuta bankSi 1210 50000
grZelvadiani sesxi 4140 50000
grZelvadiani sesxi 4140 15000
grZelv. sesxis mimd. nawili 3230 15000
saprocento xarji 8210 9000
gadasaxdeli procenti 3410 9000
miRebuli avansebi 3120 24000
7 masalebi 1620 32100
saemisio kapitali 5140 5000
9 masalebi 1620 49200
10 masalebi 1620 2260
314
masalebis xarji 7400 10000
masalebi 1620 80000
12 masalebi 1620 4000
masalebis xarji 7100 4000
xelfasis xarji 7400 3300
14 gadasaxdeli xelfasi 3130 5400
saSemosavlo gadasaxadi 3320 5400
15 moklev. invest.saw. f. qaRal. 1310 6363
ucxouri valuta bankSi 1220 6363
manqana-danadgrebis cveTa 2250 1575
manqana-danadgrebi 2150 6700
arasaoperacio mogeba 8130 375
17 remontis xarji 7400 5800
valdebulebebi momsax. 3110 6844
18 el.energiis xarji 7100 5185
el.energiis xarji 7400 4975
21 naRdi fuli er. valutaSi 1110 5000
grZelvad. Tamasuq. mimd. nawili 1520 3178
misaRebi procentebi 1820 1822
315
28 valdebulebebi mowodebiT 3110 100200
31 wylis xarji 7100 4740
wylis xarji 7400 660
32 gadasaxdeli dRg 3330 33490
33 naRdi fuli 1110 24000
34 saSemosavlo gadasaxadi 3320 8400
35 gadasaxdeli xelfasi 3130 29000
naRdi fuli er. valutaSi 1110 29000
36 grZ. sesxis mimd. nawili 3230 15000
gadasaxdeli procentebi 3410 9000
# damamTavrebeli gatarebebi
1 cveTisa da amortiz. xarji 7100 3600

manqana-danadgarebis cveTa 2250 3600
2 cveTisa da amortiz. xarji 7400 3160
Senobebis cveTa 2230 500
avejis da inventaris cveTa 2270 1260
satransporto saS. cveTa 2280 1400
3 qonebis sagadasaxado xarji 7400 585
316
qonebis gadasaxadi 3390 585
4 uimedo valis xarji 7400 6600
5 saeWvo valebis xarji 7400 411
moTxovnebis koreqtireba 1415 411
6 gaunawilebeli mogeba 5310 2000
gadasaxdeli dividendebi 3420 2000
7 mogebis gadasaxadi 3310 2691
winaswar gadax. mogebis gadasax. 1910 2691
# koreqtirebebi
1 maragebis koreqtireba 7100 4775

maragebis koreqtireba 7100 14430
3 misaRebi procentebi 1820 126
saprocento Semosavlebi 8110 126
4 saprocento Semosavlebi 8110 5
moklev. investiciebi 1310 5
5 miRebuli avansebi 3120 24000
Semosavlebi realizaciidan 6110 24000
# angariSebis daxurvebi

saangar. periodis mogeba 5330 154500
2 saprocento Semosavlebi 8110 1943
3 arasaoperacio mogeba 8130 375
4 saangar. periodis mogeba 5330 93570
TviTRirebuleba 7100 93570
saerTo xarjebi 7400 35491
miwodebis xarjebi 7390 1700
317
saprocento xarji 8210 9000
arasaoperacio zarali 8220 385
# mogebis gadasaxadi
1 mogebis gadasaxadis xarji 9210 2691

mogebis gadasaxadi 3310 2691
mogebis gadasaxadis xarji 9210 2691
318
gaangariSebebi:
1. Tamasuqi
1. yovelwliuri mimdinare gadaxdebi:
20000 lari / 4 w. = 5000 lari;
2. anuitetis mimdinare Rirebuleba:
5000 X 3,0373 = 15186 lari;
wlebi yovelwliuri gadaxdebi moTxovna

sul maT Soris
saproc. saang.wlis
Semosavali moTxovna
(12%)
15186
1 weli 5000 1822 3178 12008
2 weli 5000 1441 3559 8449
3 weli 5000 1014 3986 4463
4 weli 5000 537 4463 0
sul 20000 4814 15186
3. grZelvadiani sesxi:
a. sesxis mimdinare nawili:
50000 X 30% = 15000 lari;
b. mimdinare wlis saprocento xarji:
50000 X 18% = 9000 lari.
4. saSemosavlo gadasaxadi:
- 23700 X 20% = 4740 lari

- 3300 X 20% = 660 lari
sul 5400 lari;
5. biujetSi gadasaricxi dRg:
- gadasaxdeli dRg 33490 lari;

- CasaTvleli dRg - 13107 lari;
319
- gadasaricxi dRg - 20383 lari;
6. mimdinare wels dasaricxi amortizaciis gaangariSeba:
1. Senobebi - 500 lari;

2. manq. danadgarebi - 3600 lari;
3. aveji, inventari - 1260 lari;
4. satransporto saSualebebi - 1400 lari;
sul - 6760 lari.
7. qonebis gadasaxadis gaangariSeba:
dasaxeleba wlis dasawyisSi wlis bolos
pir. dagr. sabalan pir. dagr. sabalan.
Rir-ba cveTa . Rir-ba Rir-ba cveTa Rir-ba
daumTavrebeli 10000 - 10000 - - -
mSenebloba
Senobebi - - - 10000 500 9500
manq. danadgarebi 68500 16100 52400 40714 12625 28089
aveji, inventari 7800 1500 6300 7800 2760 5040
satransporto - - - 7000 1400 5600
saSualebebi
sul 86300 17600 68700 65514 17285 48229
68.700+48.229=116.929/2=58.465X1%=585 lari;
qonebis gadasaxadis dasaricxi Tanxa 585 lari.
8. 31.12. saeWvo valebis rezervi:

1. moTxovnebis saerTo naSTi 20300;
uimedo moTxovnebi - (6000);
13700
13700 X 3% = 411 lari.
9. maragebis koreqtireba:
1. daumTavrebeli warmoeba Sefasda 3125 larad;
a. daumTavrebeli warmoebis naSTebs Soris sxvaoba 4775 lari (7900 3125);
- makoreqtirebeli Tanxa 4775 lari.
b. damzadebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba: 108000 lari;

320
g. erTeuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba 90 lari (108000 / 1200 cali):
2. realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba `fifo~-s meTodiT:

a. realizebuli produqcia sul - 1030 cali;
b. realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba:
- 87 cali X 100 lari = 8700 lari;
- 943 cali X 90 lari = 84870 lari
sul TviTRirebuleba - 93570 lari.
3. produqciis angariSis koreqtireba:

a. inventarizaciiT produqciis naSTi sawyobSi 257 cali;
b. Sefaseba - `fifos~ meTodiT: 23130 lari (257 cali X 90 lari);
g. makoreqtirebeli Tanxa 14430 lari (23130 _ 8700).
10. investiciebidan misaRebi procentebis gaangariSeba:
a. wliuri procenti
6300 X 24% = 1512 lari;
b. Tvis dasaricxi procenti 360 dRiani variantiT:
1512 ari / 12 Tve = 126 lari.
g. investiciebis SeZenis xarjebis amortizacia wrfivi meTodiT:
63 lari / 12 Tve = 5,25 lari.
11. mogebis gadasaxadis gaangariSeba:

1. finansuri Sedegi mogeba - 13981 lari;
2. sagadasaxado mogeba _ 17942 lari.
finansur mogebasa da sagadasaxado mogebas Soris gansxvaveba `mudmivi sxvaobaa~,

amitom damatebiT gadavadebuli aqtivis an valdebulebis asaxva saWiro ar aris.
321
mTavari wigni - 2012 weli
naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi angariSi 1110

TariRi angariSebis dasaxeleba aRniSv debeti krediti saldo
naSTi naRdi fuli er. valutaSi 1110 2000 2000
3 manqana danadgarebi 2150 75 1925
21 grZelvad. Tamasuq. mimd. nawili 1520 5000 6925
33 er. valuta bankSi 1210 24000 30925
35 gadasaxdeli xelfasi 3130 29000 1925
er. valuta rezident bankSi angariSi - 1210

naSTi er.valuta rezident bankSi 1210 47164 47164
1 satransporto saSualebebi 2180 7000 40164
5 grZelvadiani sesxi 4140 50000 90164
6 miRebuli avansebi 3120 24000 114164
7 masalebi 1620 32100 82064
8 Cveulebrivi aqciebi 5110 15000 97064
16 manqana-danadgrebi 2150 5500 102564
32 gadasaxdeli dRg 3330 20383 133671
34 saSemosavlo gadasaxadi 3320 8400 101271
36 grZ. sesxis mimd. nawili 3230 24000 77271
322
ucxouri valuta bankSi angariSi - 1220
naSTi ucx. valuta rezident bankSi 1220 7000 7000
15 moklevadiani investiciebi 1220 6363 637
moklev. investiciebi angariSi - 1310

15 ucxouri valuta bankSi 1220 6363 6363
5 saprocento Semosavali 8110 5 6358
moTxovnebi miwodebiT angariSi 1410

naSTi moTxovnebi miwodebiT 1410 18000 18000
22 er. valuta bankSi 1210 3000 32700
25 er. valuta bankSi 1210 6600 127800
27 er. valuta bankSi 1210 65000 62800
29 er. valuta bankSi 1210 42500 20300
1 uimedo valebis xarji 7400 6600 13700
moTxovnebis koreqtireba angariSi 1415

TariRi angariSebis dasaxeleba aRniSvn debeti krediti saldo
1 moTxovnebis koreqtireba 7400 411 411
grZelvad. Tamasuq. mimd. nawili angariSi - 1520

4 miRebuli grZelvad. Tamasuqi 2310 3178 3178
21 naRdi fuli er. valutaSi 1110 3178 0
323
masalebi angariSi - 1620
naSTi masalebi 1620 15000 15000
3 manqana-danadgarebi 2150 90 15090
7 er. valuta bankSi 1210 32100 47190
daumTavrebeli warmoeba angariSi - 1630

naSTi daumTavrebeli warmoeba 1630 7900 7900
2 maragebis koreqtireba 7100 4775 3125
mza produqcia angariSi - 1640

naSTi mza produqcia 1640 8700 8700
misaRebi procentebi angariSi - 1820

4 saprocento Semosavali 8110 1822 1822
21 naRdi fuli er. valutaSi 1110 1822 0
4 misaRebi procentebi 1820 126 126
winaswar gadaxdili mogebis gadasaxadi 1910

TariRi angariSebis dasaxeleba aRniSvna debeti krediti saldo
naSTi winaswar gadax. mogebis
gadasax. 1910 3236 3236
6 mogebis gadasax. 3310 2691 545
324
daumTavrebeli mSenebloba angariSi - 2120
naSTi daumTavrebeli mSenebloba 2120 10000 10000
2 Senobebi 2130 10000 0
Senobebi angariSi - 2130

2 daumTavrebeli mSenebloba 2120 10000 10000
manqana-danadgarebi angariSi - 2150

naSTi manqana-danadgarebi 2150 68500 68500
3 gasvla 2250 5900 62600
4 grZelvadiani Tamasuqi 1520 15186 47414
16 er. valuta bankSi 1210 6700 40714
aveji da inventari angariSi - 2170

naSTi aveji da sxva inventari 2170 7800 7800
satransporto saSualebebi angariSi

1 erv. valuta bankSi 1210 7000 7000
Senobebis cveTa angariSi - 2230

2 cveTis xarji 7400 500 500
manqana-danadgarebis cveTa angariSi - 2250

naSTi manqana-danadgarebis cveTa 2250 16100 16100
3 manq. danadgarebis Camowera 2150 5500 10600
16 manqana-danadgrebi 2150 1575 9025
1 cveTis xarji 7100 3600 12625
325
avejisa da inventaris cveTa angariSi - 2270
naSTi avejisa da inventaris cveTa 2270 1500 1500
2 cveTis xarji 7400 1260 2760
satransp. saSualebebis cveTa angariSi - 2280

2 cveTis xarji 7400 1400 1400
grZelvadiani Tamasuqebi angariSi - 2310

4 grZelv. Tamasuq. mimd. nawili 1520 3178 12008
valdebulebebi mowodebidan angariSi - 3110

naSTi valdebulebebi miwodebiT 3110 37300 37300
9 masalebi 1620 58056 95356
10 masalebi 1621 2667 98023
17 masalebi 1622 6844 104867
18 el.energiis xarji 7100 11988 116855
28 er. valuta bankSi 1210 100200 16655
31 wylis xarji 7100 6372 23027
miRebuli avansebi angariSi - 3120

6 er. valuta bankSi 1210 24000 24000
gadasaxdeli xelfasi angariSi - 3130

naSTi gadasaxdeli xelfasi 3130 8700 8700
13 xelfasis xarji 7100 27000 35700
14 saSemosavlo gadasaxadi 3320 5400 30300
35 naRdi fuli 1110 29000 1300
326
grZelv. sesxis mimd. nawili angariSi - 3230
5 grZelv. Sesxi 4140 15000 15000
36 er. valuta bankSi 1210 15000 0
mogebis gadasaxadi angariSi - 3310

6 mogebis gadasaxadi 3310 2691 -2691
1 winaswar gadaxd. Mogeba 1910 2691 0
saSemosavlo gadasaxadi angariSi - 3320

naSTi saSemosavlo gadasaxadi 3320 3000 3000
gadasaxdeli dRg angariSi - 3330

naSTi gadasaxdeli dRg 3330 10000 10000
gadaxdili dRg angariSi - 3340

17 valdebulebebi momsax. 3110 1044 10307
32 gadasaxdeli dRg 3330 13107 0
qonebis gadasaxadi angariSi - 3390

3 qonebis gadasaxadis xarji 7400 585 585
327
gadasaxdeli procentebi angariSi - 3410
5 saprocento xarji 8210 9000 9000
gadasaxdeli dividendebi angariSi - 3420

5 gaunawilebeli mogeba 5310 2000 2000
grZelvadiani sesxi angariSi - 4140

5 erovn. valuta bankSi 1210 50000 50000
5 grZelv. sesxis mimd. nawili 3230 15000 35000
Cveulebrivi aqciebi angariSi - 5110

naSTi Cveulebrivi aqciebi 5110 50000 50000
8 er. valuta bankSi 1210 10000 60000
saemisio kapitali angariSi - 5140

naSTi saemisio kapitali 5140 21400 21400
gaunawilebeli mogeba angariSi - 5310

naSTi gaunawilebeli mogeba 5310 29000 29000
6 gadasaxdeli dividendebi 3420 2000 27000
gadafasebis rezervi angariSi 5420

naSTi Zir. saS. Ggadafas. rezervi 5420 20000 20000
saangar. periodis mogeba angariSi - 5330

328
2 saprocento Semosavlebi 8110 1943 156443
3 arasaoperacio mogeba 8130 375 156818
4 TviTRirebuleba 7100 93570 63248
5 saerTo xarjebi 7400 35491 27757
6 miwodebis xarjebi 7390 1700 26057
8 arasaoperacio zarali 8220 385 16672
3 mogebis gadasaxadis xarji 9210 2691 13981
Semosavali realizaciidan angariSi - 6110

30 er. valuta bankSi 1210 40500 130500
6 miRebuli avansebi 3120 24000 154500
1 saangar. periodis mogeba 5330 154500 0
produqciis TviTRirebuleba angariSi - 7100

11 masalebi 1620 70000 70000
12 masalebi 1621 4000 66000
31 wylis xarji 3110 4740 99625
1 cveTisa da amortiz. xarji 2250 3600 103225
miwodebis sxva xarjebi angariSi - 7390

naSTi miwodebis sxva xarjebi 7390 1700 1700
329
saerTo xarjebi angariSi - 7400

11 masalebi 1620 10000 10000
17 valdebulebebi momsax. 3110 5800 19100
2 Senobebis cveTa 2230 3160 27895
3 qonebis gadasaxadi 3390 585 28480
1 moTxovnebis koreqtireba 1415 411 35491
saprocento Semosavali angariSi - 8110

5 moklev. investiciebi 1310 5 1943
arasaoperacio mogeba angariSi - 8130

16 manqana-danadgrebis cveTa 2250 375 375
saprocento xarji angariSi 8210

5 grZelvadiani sesxi 4140 9000 9000
arasaoperacio zarali angariSi - 8220

330
mogebis gadasaxadis xarji angariSi - 9210

1 mogebis gadasaxadi 3310 2691 2691
maragebis raodenobrivi aRricxvis baraTi

mza produqcia
TariRi Sinaarsi Semosavali gasavali saldo
(cali) (cali) (cali)

5 gayidulia 100 107
8 gayidulia 660 527
9 gayidulia 270 257
sul 1287 1030
331
samuSao furceli
angariSebis
dasaxeleba sacdeli koreqtire koreqtirebu mogeba-
# balansi bebi li zarali balansi
sacd.
balansi 2012,31,12 2012,31,12
d-ti k-ti d-ti k-ti d-ti k-ti d-ti k-ti d-ti k-ti
1110 naRdi fuli 1925 1925 1925
1210 fuli bankSi 77271 77271 77271
1220 ucx. valuta bankSi 637 637 637
1310 moklevad. investicia 6363 5 6358 6358
1410 moTxovnebi 13700 13700 13700
1415 moTxovn. koreqtireba 411 411 411
1620 masalebi 22650 22650 22650
1630 daumTavr. warmoeba 7900 4775 3125 3125
1640 mza produqcia 8700 14430 23130 23130
1910 win. gadaxd. mogeba 545 545 545
2130 Senobebi 10000 10000 10000
2170 aveji da inventari 7800 7800 7800
2180 transporti 7000 7000 7000
2230 Senobebis cveTa 500 500 500
2250 manqana-danadgar. cveTa 12625 12625 12625
2270 aveji da invent. cveTa 2760 2760 2760
2280 transportis cveTa 1400 1400 1400
grZelvad. Tamasuqi
2310 12008 12008 12008
3110 valdeb. miwodebiT 23027 23027 23027
3120 miRebuli avansebi 24000 24000
3310 mogebis gadasaxadi -2691 -2691 -2691
3390 qonebis gadasaxadi 585 585 585
3420 gadasaxd. dividendebi 2000 2000 2000
4140 grZelv. sesxi 35000 35000 35000
5110 Cveulebrivi aqciebi 60000 60000 60000
5140 saemisio kapitali 26400 26400 26400
Zir saS gadaf
5420 rezervi 20000 20000 20000
6110 Semosavali 130500 24000 154500 154500
7100 prod TviTRirebuleba 103225 4775 14430 93570 93570

7390 miwodebis xarjebi 1700 1700 1700
7400 saerTo xarji 35491 35491 35491
8110 saproc. Semosavlebi 1822 5 126 1943 1943
8130 arasaoperacio mogeba 375 375 375
332
8220 arasaoperacio xarji 385 385 385

sul 367014 367014 43336 43336 367135 367135 140146 156818 226989 210317
finansuri mogeba 16672 -16672
sagadasaxado mogeba 17942
9210 mogebis gadas. xarji 2691

(lari) (lari)
Semosavali realizaciidan 154500
154500
realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba 93570
saerTo mogeba 60930
sxva saerTo xarjebi
xelfasis xarji 3300
gadaxdili gadasaxadebi 585
daricxuli amortizacia 3160
remontis xarjebi 5800
saeWvo da uimedo valebis xarji 7011
sxva sawarmoo danaxarjebi 17335
37191
mogeba ZiriTadi saqmianobidan 23739
finansuri Semosavali 1943
finansuri danaxarjebi 9000
mogeba finansuri saqmianobidan -7057
sainvesticio Semosavali 375

sainvesticio danaxarjebi 385
zarali saivesticio saqmianobidan -10
mogeba dabegvramde 16672

mogebis gadasaxadi 2691
wminda mogeba 13981

333
sakuTari kapitalis cvlilebebis angariSgeba

Cv.
aqciebi saemisio gadafasebis gaunawil. sul
kapitali rezervi mogeba
naSTi 2012 w. 1.12. 50000 21400 20000 29000 120400
zrda 10000 5000 0 13981 28981
sul 60000 26400 20000 42981 149381
Semcireba 0 0 0 2000 2000
naSTi 2012 w. 31.12. 60000 26400 20000 40981 147381
balansi
31 dekemberi, 2013 weli
aqtivebi 2013w. 2013w. 2012w. 2012w.

grZelvadiani aqtivebi
Senobebi 9500
aveji da inventari 5040 6300
satransporto saSualebebi 5600 0
daumTavrebeli mSenebloba 0 10000
grZelvadiani Tamasuqebi 12008
sul grZelvadiani aqtivebi 60237 68700
mimdinare aqtivebi
sasaqonlo maragebi
masalebi 22650 14300
sul maragebi 48905 30900
mimdinare moTxovnebi
savaWro moTxovnebi 13700 19700
winaswar gadaxdili m/gadas. 545 3236
moklevadiani investiciebi 6358
misaRebi procentebi 126
saeWvo valebis rezervi -411
20318 22936
334
fuladi saSualebi da
maTi eqvivalentebi
naRdi erovnuli valuta 1925 2000
erovnuli valuta bankSi 77271 47164
ucxouri valuta rezident bankSi 637 7000
79833 56164
sakuTari kapitali da valdebulebebi

kapitali da rezervebi
Zir. saSualebebis gadafasebis rezervi 20000 20000
saemisio kapitali 26400 20700
147381 119700
grZelvadiani valdebulebebi
procentiani sesxebi 35000 0
35000 0
moklevadiani valdebulebebi
valdebulebebi 23027 37300
sagadasaxado valdebulebebi 585 13000
sxva moklevadiani valdebulebebi 2000 0
26912 59000
sul kapitali da valdeb. 209293 178700

335
danarTi 1
1 gadamxdeli:
2 gsn
mogebis gadasaxadis deklaracia

ganayofi I
3 deklaraciis saxe: pirveladi dazustebuli 4 weli
5 saqarTvelos sawarmo (saWiro aRniSneT V asoTi) 6 ucxouri sawarmo
7 misamarTi:
8 ekonomikuri saqmianobis (NACE) kodi
9 saqmianobis Sewyvetis an likvidaciis TariRi
10 waredgina:
(sagadasaxado organos dasaxeleba)
ganayofi II.
(ivseba sagadasaxado organos mier)
11 deklaraciis miRebis TariRi
12 TandarTuli dokumentebi gverdze
13 registraciis nomeri
14 deklaraciis mimRebis gvari, saxeli
15 deklaraciis mimRebis xelmowera:
SeniSvna:
1. mogebis gadasaxadis gadamxdelis mier deklaracia sagadasaxado organos waredgineba:
a) sagadasaxado wlis Sedegebis mixedviT - momdevno wlis 1 aprilamde;
b) saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri saqmianobis Sewyvetisas - ekonomikuri saqmianobis Se-

wyvetidan 30 kalendaruli dRis vadaSi;
g) likvidaciis SemTxvevaSi salikvidacio komisiis mier - likvidaciis Taobaze

gadawyvetilebis miRebidan 15 kalendaruli dRis vadaSi.
336
ganayofi III.
(mogebis gadasaxadis gaangariSeba) ( lari)
erToblivi Semosavali 16 156818

saangariSo periodis dasawyisisaTvis arsebuli sasaqonlo 17 31600
materialuri faseulobebi
saangariSo periodis bolosaTvis arsebuli sasaqonlo 18 48905
materialuri faseulobebi
gamoqviTvebi
maT Soris: 19 156181
_ SeZenili sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebi 20 83560
_ el.energia 21 10160
_ daricxuli xelfasi 22 27000
_ kreditisaTvis (sesxisaTvis) gadaxdili an 23 9000
gadasaxdeli procentebi
_ uimedo valebi 24 6600
_ saamortizacio anaricxebi 25 9985
_ srulad gamoqviTuli 1000 laramde Rirebule- 26 0
bis ZiriTadi saSualebebi
_ srulad gamoqviTuli ZiriTadi saSualebebis 27
Rirebuleba (s.k. 183.13.)
_ ZiriTadi saSualebebis remontis xarjebi 28 2191
_ sxva gamoqviTvebi 29 7685
jami 30 187781 31 205723
erToblivi Semosavlis gadameteba gamoqviTvebze 32 17942
gamoqviTvebis gadameteba erTobliv Semosavlebze 33
dabegvrisagan ganTavisuflebuli mogeba (Semosavali) 34
wina wlebis zarali 35
dasabegri mogeba 36 17942
mogebis gadasaxadi 37 2691.3
saqarTveloSi gadaxdis wyarosTan dakavebuli mogebis 38
gadasaxadi
saqarTvelos farglebs gareT gadaxdili mogebis 39
gadasaxadi
kuTvnili mogebis gadasaxadi 40
dabrunebas daqvemdebarebuli gadasaxadi 41 545
deklaraciaSi mocemuli monacemebis utyuarobas da sisrules vadastureb:
42 sawarmos xelmZRvanesis gvari, saxeli
43 sawarmos xelmZRvanesis xelmowera
44 xelmoweris TariRi
337
danarTi
nawili I. saamortizacio anaricxebi da gamoqviTvebi sawarmos
sakuTrebaSi ricxuli (garda lizingis sagnisa) ZiriTadi
saSualebebis mixedviT
dasaxeleba jgufis nomeri jami

1 2 3 4 5
1 jgufis RirebulebiTi balansi
saangariSos wina wlis bolos 76300 76300
2 saangariSos wina wels daricxuli
amortizaciis Tanxa 17600 17600
3 damatebuli ZiriTadi saSualebebis
Rirebuleba 7000 10000 17000
4 realizebuli ZiriTadi saSualebebi 21886 21886
5 saangariSo wels Zir. saSualebebis
remontis xarjebi zRvruli
odenobis zemoT 3609 3609
6 jgufis RirebulebiTi balansi
saangariSo wlis bolos 47423 0 0 10000 0 57423
7 amortizaciis norma (%) 20% 20% 8% 5% 15% X
8 amortizaciis Tanxa 9484.6 0 0 500 0 9985
erTobliv Semosavalze
9 dasamatebeli
Tanxa(jami gadaitaneba dan.#2,str.5-
Si)
erToblivi Semosavlidan
10 gamosaqviTi
Tanxa(jami aisaxeba dan.#2-is st.21-
Si)
338
danarTebi

Financial Accounting

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9. F3. ACCA. 2008;
10. Financial Accounting . Walter T. Harrison Jr. Charles T. Horngren,
2005;
11. Financial Accounting, an International Introduction. 3ed. 2007 _
Chris Nobes, David Alexander;
12. Accounting. 8ed. 2009 _ Charles T. Horngren, Walter T. Harrison;
13. Financial and Managerial Accounting. 8ed. 2007 _ Belverd E.
Needles, Marian Powers, Susan V. Crosson;
14. Financial Accounting. 13ed. 2009 _ Jan Williams, Mark S. Bettner,
Joseph V. Carcello;
15. WILEY IFRS 2016: Interpretation and Application of International
Financial Reporting Standards;
16. Financial Accounting, IFRS Edition: 2nd Edition. Textbook
Financial Accounting, IFRS Edition: 2nd Edition.Jerry J. Weygandt,
Paul D. Kimmel, Donald E. Kieso August 2012, 2013;
17. Advanced accounting. 9ed. 2005 _ Arnold Pahler;
18. Intermediate accounting. 5ed. 2008 _ Spiceland, J. D. et al;
19. Financial Reporting and Analysis. 4ed. 2008 _ Lawrence Revsine,
Bruce Johnson, Daniel W. Collins;
20. Financial Statement Analysis. 10ed. 2008 _ K. R. Subramanyam,
John J. Wild;
343
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351
danarTi 2
angariSTa gegma
a q t i v e b i
1000 mimdinare aqtivebi
1100 naRdi fuli
1110 naRdi fuli erovnul valutaSi
1120 naRdi fuli ucxour valutaSi
1200 fuli sabanko angariSebze
1210 erovnuli valuta rezident bankebSi
1220 ucxouri valuta rezident bankebSi
1230 ucxouri valuta ararezident bankebSi
1290 fuli sxva sabanko angariSebze
1300 moklevadiani investiciebi
1310 moklevadiani investiciebi sawarmos fasian qaRaldebSi
1320 moklevadiani investiciebi saxelmw. fasian qaRaldebSi
1330 grZelvadiani investiciebis mimdinare nawili
1390 sxva moklevadiani investiciebi
1400 moklevadiani moTxovnebi
1410 moTxovnebi miwodebidan da momsaxurebidan
1415 saeWvo valebis rezervi
1420 moTxovnebi mekavSire sawarmoebis mimarT
1430 moTxovnebi sawarmos personalis mimarT
1440 moTxovnebi xelmZRvan-bisa da sameTvaly. organoebis wevrebis mimarT
1450 moTxovnebi partniorebze gacemuli sesxebiT
1460 kapitalis Sevsebaze partniorebis grZelv. davalianebebis mimd. nawili
1470 grZelvadiani moTxovnebis mimdinare nawili
1480 momwodeblebze gadaxdili avansebi
1490 sxva moklevadiani moTxovnebi
1500 moklevadiani saTamasuqo moTxovnebi
1510 miRebuli moklevadiani Tamasuqebi
1520 miRebuli grZelvadiani Tamasuqebis mimdinare nawili
1600 sasaqonlo materialuri maragebi
1610 saqoneli
1620 nedleuli da masalebi
1630 daumTavrebeli warmoeba
1640 mza produqcia
352
1690 sxva sawarmoo maragi
1700 winaswar gaweuli xarjebi
1710 winaswar anazRaurebuli momsaxureba
1720 winaswar gadaxdili saijaro qira
1790 sxva winaswar gadaxdili xarjebi
1800 daricxuli moTxovnebi
1810 misaRebi dividendebi
1820 misaRebi procentebi
1890 sxva daricxuli moTxovnebi
1900 sxva mimdinare aqtivebi
1910 sxva mimdinare aqtivebi
2000 grZelvadiani aqtivebi
2100 ZiriTadi saSualebebi
2110 miwis nakveTebi
2120 daumTavrebeli mSeneblobebi
2130 Senobebi
2140 nagebobebi
2150 manqana-danadgarebi
2160 ofisis aRWurviloba
2170 aveji da sxva inventari
2180 satransporto saSualebebi
2190 ijariT aRebuli qonebis keTilmowyoba
2200 ZiriTadi saSualebebis cveTa
2230 Senobebis cveTa
2240 nagebobebis cveTa
2250 manqana-danadgarebis cveTa
2260 ofisis aRWurvilobis cveTa
2270 avejisa da sxva inventaris cveTa
2280 satransporto saSualebebis cveTa
2290 ijariT aRebuli qonebis keTilmowyobis cveTa
2300 grZelvadiani moTxovnebi
2310 miRebuli grZelvadiani Tamasuqebi
2320 finansur ijarasTan dakavSirebuli moTxovnebi
2330 moTxovnebi sawesdebo kapitalis Sevsebaze
2340 gadavadebuli sagadasaxado aqtivebi
2390 sxva grZelvadiani moTxovnebi
353
2400 grZelvadiani investiciebi
2410 grZelvadiani investiciebi sawarmoTa fasian qaRaldebSi
2420 grZelvadiani investiciebi saxelmw. fasian qaRaldebSi
2430 monawileoba sxva sazogadoebaSi
2490 sxva grZelvadiani investiciebi
2500 aramaterialuri aqtivebi
2510 licenziebi
2520 koncesiebi
2530 patentebi
2540 gudvili
2590 sxva aramaterialuri aqtivebi
2600 aramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizacia
2610 licenziebis amortizacia
2620 koncesiebis amortizacia
2630 patentebis amortizacia
2640 gudvilis amortizacia
2690 sxva aramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizacia
valdebulebebi
3000 mimdinare valdebulebebi
3100 moklevadiani valdebulebebi
3110 mowodebidan da momsaxururebidan warmoqmnili valdebulebebi
3120 miRebuli avalsebi
3130 gadasaxdeli xelfasi
3140 roialti
3150 sakomisio gadasaxdelebi
3160 valdebulebebi sawarmos personalis winaSe
3170 valdebulebebi mekavSire sawarmoebis winaSe
3190 sxva moklevadiani valdebulebebi
3200 moklevadiani sesxebi
3210 moklevadiani sesxebi
3220 sesxebi partniorebisagan
3230 grZelvadiani sesxebis mimdinare nawili
3300 sagadasaxado valdebulebebi
3310 gadasaxdeli mogebis gadasaxadi
3320 gadasaxdeli saSemosavlo gadasaxadi
354
3330 gadasaxdeli dRg.
3340 gadaxdili dRg
3350 gadasaxdeli aqcizi
3360 gadaxdili aqcizi
3390 sxva sagadasaxado valdebulebebi
3400 daricxuli valdebulebebi
3410 gadasaxdeli procentebi
3420 gadasaxdeli dividendebi
3430 valdebuleba sagarantio momsaxurebaze
3490 sxva daricxuli valdebulebebi
4000 grZelvadiani valdebulebebi
4100 grZelvadiani sasesxo valdebulebebi
4110 gasanaRdebeli obligaciebi
4120 gasanaRdebeli Tamasuqebi
4130 valdebulebebi finansur ijaraze
4140 grZelvadiani sesxebi
4190 sxva grZelvadiani sasesxo valdebulebebi
4200 gadavadebuli gadasaxadebi da sxva grZelvadiani valdebulebebi
4210 gadavadebuli mogebis gadasaxadi
4220 sxva grZelvadiani valdebulebebi
4300 anaricxebi
4310 sapensio uzrunvelyofis anaricxebi
4320 sxva anaricxebi
4400 gadavadebuli Semosavali
4410 gadavadebuli Semosavali
5000 sakuTari kapitali
5100 sawesdebo kapitali
5110 Cveulebrivi aqciebi
5120 privilegirebuli aqciebi
5130 gamosyiduli sakuTari aqciebi
5140 saemisio kapitali
5150 sawesdebo kapitali Sps-Si
5200 partniorTa kapitali
5210 partniorTa kapitali
5300 mogeba-zarali
355
5310 gaunawilebeli mogeba
5320 daufaravi zarali
5330 saangariSgebo periodis mogeba-zarali
5400 rezervebi da dafinanseba
5410 sarezervo kapitali
5420 ZiriTadi saSualebebis gadafasebis rezervi
5430 investiciebis gadafasebis rezervi
5490 sxva rezervebi da dafinanseba
6000 saoperacio Semosavlebi
6100 saoperacio Semosavlebi
6110 Semosavali realizaciidan
6120 gayiduli saqonlis dabruneba da fasdaTmoba
6130 Semosavali saeWvo moTxovnebidan
6190 sxva saoperacio Semosavlebi
7000 saoperacio xarjebi
7100 realizebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba (produqciis
mwarmoebel da momsaxurebis sferos sawarmoebisaTvis )
7110 ZiriTadi masalebis danaxarjebi/SeZena
7120 pirdapiri xelfasi
7130 socialuri danaricxebi pirdapir xelfasze
7140 damxmare masalebis danaxarjebi /SeZena
7150 arapirdapiri xelfasi
7160 socialuri danaricxebi arapirdapir xelfasze
7170 cveTa da amortizacia
7180 remontis danaxarjebi
7185 sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis koreqtireba
7190 sxva saoperacio xarjebi
7200 realizebuli saqonlis TviTRirebuleba (savaWro
sawarmoebisaTvis)
7210 gayiduli/ SeZenili saqoneli
7220 SeZenili saqonlis ukandabruneba da fasdaTmoba
7290 sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis koreqtireba
7300 miwodebis xarjebi
7310 reklamis xarjebi
7320 Sromis anazRaureba da sakomisio gasamrjelo
356
7330 Sromis anazRaurebaze danaricxi
7340 transportirebisa da Senaxvis xarjebi
7390 sxva miwodebis xarjebi
7400 saerTo da administraciuli xarjebi
7410 Sromis anazRaureba
7415 socialuri danaricxebi
7420 saijaro qira
7425 saofise inventari
7430 komunikaciis xarjebi
7435 dazRveva
7440 remonti
7445 kompiuteris xarjebi
7450 sakonsultacio xarjebi
7455 cveTa da amortizacia
7460 saeWvo moTxovnebTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi
7470 sxva sagadasaxado xarjebi
7480 sagarantio xarjebi
7490 sxva saerTo xarjebi
8000 arasaoperacio Semosavlebi da xarjebi
8100 arasaoperacio Semosavlebi
8110 saprocento Semosavlebi
8120 dividendebi
8130 arasaoperacio mogeba
8190 sxva arasaoperacio Semosavlebi
8200 arasaoperacio xarjebi
8210 saprocento xarjebi
8220 arasaoperacio zarali
8290 sxva arasaoperacio xarjebi
9000 gansakuTrebuli da sxva Semosavlebi da xarjebi
9100 gansakuTrebuli Semosavlebi da xarjebi
9110 gansakuTrebuli Semosavlebi
9120 gansakuTrebuli xarjebi
9200 sxva xarjebi
9210 mogebis gadasaxadi
357
1.fulis erTi erTeulis momavali Rirebuleba ( FV1)
wlebi 2.00% 2,5% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00% 10.00% 11,00% 12.00% 13,00% 14.00% 15,00%
1 1,0200 1,02500 1,0300 1,0400 1,0500 1,0600 1,0700 1,0800 1,0900 1,1000 1,11000 1,1200 1,1300 1,1400 1,1500
2 1,0404 1,05063 1,0609 1,0816 1,1025 1,1236 1,1449 1,1664 1,8810 1,2100 1,23210 1,2544 1,2769 1,2996 1,3225
3 1,0612 1,07689 1,0927 1,1249 1,1576 1,1910 1,2250 1,2597 1,2950 1,3310 1,36763 1,4049 1,4429 1,4815 1,5209
4 1,0824 1,10381 1,1255 1,1699 1,2155 1,2625 1,3108 1,3605 1,4116 1,4641 1,51807 1,5735 1,6305 1,6890 1,7490
5 1,1041 1,13141 1,1593 1,2167 1,2763 1,3382 1,4026 1,4693 1,5366 1,6105 1,68506 1,7623 1,8424 1,9254 2,0114
6 1,1262 1,15969 1,1941 1,2653 1,3401 1,4185 1,5007 1,5869 1,6771 1,7716 1,87041 1,9738 2,0819 2,1950 2,3131
7 1,1487 1,18869 1,2299 1,3159 1,4071 1,5036 1,6065 1,7138 1,8280 1,9487 2,07616 2,2107 2,3526 2,5023 2,6600
8 1,1717 1,21840 1,2668 1,3686 1,4775 1,5938 1,7182 1,8509 1,9926 2,1436 2,30454 2,4760 2,6584 2,8526 3,0590
9 1,1951 1,24886 1,3048 1,4233 1,5513 1,6895 1,8365 1,9990 2,1719 2,3579 2,55804 2,7731 3,0040 3,2519 3,5179
10 1,2190 1,28008 1,3439 1,4802 1,6289 1,7908 1,9672 2,1589 2,3674 2,5937 2,83942 3,1058 3,3946 3,7072 4,0458
11 1,2434 1,31209 1,3842 1,5395 1,7103 1,8983 2,1049 2,3316 2,5804 2,8531 3,15176 3,4785 3,8359 4,2262 4,6524
12 1,2682 1,34489 1,4258 1,6010 1,7959 2,0122 2,2522 2,5182 2,8127 3,1384 3,49845 3,8960 4,3345 4,8179 5,3503
13 1,2936 1,37851 1,4685 1,6651 1,8856 2,1329 2,4098 2,7196 3,0658 3,4523 3,88328 4,3635 4,8980 5,4924 6,1528
14 1,3195 1,41297 1,5126 1,7317 1,9799 2,2609 2,5785 2,9372 3,3417 3,7975 4,31044 4,8871 5,5346 8,2613 7,0757
15 1,3459 1,44830 1,5580 1,8009 2,0789 2,3966 2,7590 3,1722 3,6425 4,1772 4,78459 5,4736 6,2543 7,1379 8,1371
16 1,3728 1,48451 1,6047 1,8730 2,1829 2,5404 2,9522 3,4259 3,9703 4,5950 5,31089 6,1304 7,0673 8,1372 9,3576
17 1,4002 1,52162 1,6528 1,9479 2,2920 2,6928 3,1588 3,7000 4,3276 5,0545 5,89509 6,8660 7,9861 9,2765 10,7613
18 1,4282 1,55966 1,7024 2,0258 2,4066 2,8543 3,3799 3,9960 4,7171 5,5599 6,54355 7,6900 9,0243 10,5752 12,3755
19 1,4568 1,59865 1,7535 2,1068 2,5270 3,0256 3,6165 4,3157 5,1417 6,1159 7,26334 8,6128 10,1974 12,0557 14,2318
20 1,4860 1,63862 1,80611 2,1911 2,6533 3,2071 3,86968 4,6610 5,6044 6,7275 8,06231 9,6463 11,5231 13,7435 16,3665
21 1,5157 1,6796 1,8603 2,2788 2,7860 3,3996 4,14056 5,0338 6,1088 7,4003 8,9492 10,8039 13,0211 15,6676 18,8215
22 1,5460 1,7216 1,9161 2,3699 2,9253 3,6035 4,43040 5,4365 6,6586 8.1403 9,9336 12,1003 14,7138 17,8610 21,6448
23 1,5769 1,7646 1,9736 2,4647 3,0715 3,8198 4,7405 5,8715 7,2579 8,9543 11,0263 13,5524 16,6266 20,3616 24,8915
24 1,6084 1,8087 2,0328 2,5633 3,2250 4,0489 5,0724 6,3412 7,9111 9,8497 12,2392 15,1786 18,7881 23,2122 28,6252
25 1,6406 1,8539 2,0938 2,6658 3,3864 4,2919 5,4274 6,8485 8,6231 10,8347 13,5855 17,0001 21,2305 26,4619 32,9189
358
1. fulis erTi erTeulis momavali Rirebuleba ( FV1) gagrZeleba
wlebi 16,00% 17,00% 18,00% 19,00% 20,00% 21,00% 22,00% 23,00% 24,00% 25,00%
1 1,16000 1,17000 1,18000 1,19000 1,20000 1,2100 1,2200 1,2300 1,24000 1,2500
2 1,3456 1,36890 1,3924 1,41610 1,44000 1,46410 1,48840 1,51290 1,53760 1,56250
3 1,560896 1,60161 1,643032 1,68516 1,72800 1,77156 1,81585 1,86087 1,90662 1,95313
4 1,810639 1,87389 1,938778 2,00534 2,07360 2,14359 2,21533 2,28887 2,36421 2,44141
5 2,100342 2,19245 2,287758 2.38635 2,48832 2,59374 2,70271 2,81531 2,93163 3,05176
6 2,436396 2,56516 2,699554 2,83976 2,98598 3,13843 3,29730 3,46283 3,63522 3,81470
7 2,82622 3,00124 3,185474 3,37932 3,58318 3,79750 4,02271 4,25928 4,50767 4,76837
8 3,278415 3,51145 3,758859 4,02139 4,29982 4,59497 4,90771 5,23891 5,58951 5,96046
9 3,80298 4,10840 4,435454 4,78545 5,15978 5,55992 5,98740 6,44386 6,93099 7,45058
10 4,441435 4,80683 5,233836 5,69468 6,19174 6,72750 7,30463 7,92595 8,59443 9,31323
11 5,117265 5,62399 6,175926 6,77667 7,43008 8,14027 8,91165 9,74891 10,65709 11,64153
12 5,936027 6,58007 7,287593 8,06424 8,91610 9,84973 10,87221 11,99116 13,21479 14,55192
13 6,885791 7,69868 8,599359 9,59645 10,69932 11,91818 13,26410 14,74913 16,38634 18,18989
14 7,987518 9,00745 10,14724 11,41977 12,83918 14,42099 16,18220 18,14143 20,31906 22,73737
15 9,265521 10,53872 11,97375 13,58953 15,40702 17,44940 19,74229 22,31396 25,19563 28,42171
16 10,748 12,33030 14,12902 16,17154 18,48843 21,113378 24,08559 27,44617 31,24259 35,52714
17 12,46768 14,42646 16,67225 19,24413 22,18611 25,54767 29,38442 33,75879 38,74081 44,40892
18 14,46251 16,87895 19,67325 22,90052 26,62333 30,91268 35,84899 41,52331 48,03860 55,51115
19 16,77652 19,74838 23,21444 27,25162 31,94800 37,40434 43,73577 51,07368 59,56786 69,38894
20 19,46076 23,10560 27,39303 32,42942 38,33760 45,25926 53,35764 62,82062 73,86415 86,73617
21 22,57448 27,03355 32,32378 38,59101 46,00512 54,76370 65,09632 77,26936 91,59155 108,42022
22 26,1864 31,62925 38,14206 45,92331 55,20614 66,26408 79,41751 95,04132 113,57352 135,52527
23 30,37622 37,00623 45,00763 54,64873 66,24737 80,17953 96,88936 116,90082 140,83116 169,40659
24 35,23642 43,29729 53,10901 65,03199 79,49685 97,01723 118,20502 143,78801 174,63064 211,75824
25 40,87424 50,65783 62,66863 77,38807 95,39622 117,39085 144,21013 176,85925 216,54199 264,69780
359
2. fulis erTi erTeulis mimdinare Rirebuleba ( PV1)
wlebi 2.00% 2.,5% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00% 10.% 11% 12.00% 13% 14.00% 15.00% 16.00%
1 0,9804 0,97561 0,9709 0,9615 0,9524 0,9434 0,9346 0,9259 0,9174 0,9091 0,90090 0,8929 0,88496 0,8772 0,8696 0,86207
2 0,9612 0,95181 0,6426 0,9246 0,9070 0,8900 0,8734 0,8573 0,8417 0,8264 0,81162 0,7972 0,78315 0,7895 0,7561 0,74316
3 0,9423 0,92860 0,9151 0,8890 0,8638 0,8396 0,8163 0,7938 0,7722 0,7513 0,73119 0,7118 0,69305 0,6750 0,6575 0,64066
4 0,9238 0,90595 0,8885 0,8548 0,8227 0,7921 0,7629 0,7350 0,7084 0,6830 0,65873 0,6355 0,61332 0,9521 0,5718 0,55229
5 0,9057 0,88385 0,8626 0,8219 0,7835 0,7473 0,7130 0,6806 0,6499 0,6209 0,59345 0,5674 0,54276 0,5194 0,4972 0,47611
6 0,8880 0,86230 0,8375 0,7903 0,7462 0,7050 0,6663 0,6302 0,5963 0,5645 0,53464 0,5066 0,48032 0,4556 0,4323 0,41044
7 0,8706 0,84127 0,8131 0,7599 0,7107 0,6651 0,6227 0,5835 0,5470 0,5132 0,48166 0,4523 0,42506 0,3996 0,3759 0,35383
8 0,8535 0,82075 0,7894 0,7307 0,6768 0,6274 0,5820 0,5403 0,5019 0,4665 0,43393 0,4039 0,37616 0,0351 0,3269 0,30503
9 0,8368 0,80073 0,7664 0,7026 0,6446 0,5919 0,5439 0,5002 0,4604 0,4241 0,39092 0,3606 0,33288 0,3075 0,2843 0,26295
10 0,8203 0,78120 0,7441 0,6756 0,6139 0,5584 0,5083 0,4632 0,4224 0,3855 0,35218 0,3220 0,29459 0,2697 0,2472 0,22668
11 0,8043 0,76214 0,7224 0,6496 0,5847 0,5268 0,4751 0,4289 0,3875 0,3505 0,31728 0,2875 0,26070 0,2366 0,2149 0,19542
12 0,7885 0,74356 0,7014 0,6246 0,5568 0,4970 0,4440 0,3971 0,3555 0,3186 0,28584 0,2567 0,23071 0,2076 0,1869 0,16846
13 0,7730 0,72542 0,6810 0,6006 0,5303 0,4688 0,4150 0,3677 0,3262 0,2897 0,25751 0,2292 0,20416 0,1821 0,1625 0,14523
14 0,7579 0,70773 0,6611 0,5775 0,4151 0,4423 0,3878 0,3405 0,2992 0,2633 0,23199 0,2046 0,18068 0,1597 0,1413 0,12520
15 0,7430 0,69047 0,6419 0,5553 0,4810 0,4173 0,3624 0,3152 0,2745 0,2394 0,20900 0,1827 0,15989 0,1401 0,1229 0,10793
16 0,7284 0,67362 0,6232 0,5339 0,4581 0,3936 0,3387 0,2919 0,2519 0,2176 0,18829 0,1631 0,14150 0,1229 0,1069 0,09304
17 0,7142 0,65720 0,6050 0,5134 0,4363 0,3714 0,3166 0,2703 0,2311 0,1978 0,16963 0,1456 0,12522 0,1078 0,0929 0,08021
18 0,7002 0,64117 0,5874 0,4936 0,4155 0,3503 0,2959 0,2502 0,2120 0,1799 0,15282 0,1300 0,11081 0,0946 0,0808 0,06914
19 0,6864 0,62553 0,5703 0,4746 0,3957 0,3305 0,2765 0,2317 0,1945 0,1635 0,13768 0,1161 0,09806 0,0829 0,0703 0,05961
20 0,6730 0,61027 0,5537 0,4564 0,3769 0,3118 0,2584 0,2145 0,1784 0,1486 0,12403 0,1037 0,08678 0,0728 0,0611 0,05139
21 0,65978 0,59539 0,53755 0,43883 0,35894 0.29416 0,24151 0,19866 0,16370 0,13513 0,11174 0,09256 0,07680 0,06383 0,05313 0,04430
22 0,64684 0,58086 0,52189 0,42196 0,34185 0,27751 0,22571 0,18394 0,15018 0,12285 0,10067 0,08262 0,06796 0,05599 0,04620 0,03819
23 0,63416 0,56670 0,50669 0,40573 0,32557 0,26180 0,21095 0,17032 0,13778 0,11168 0,09069 0,07379 0,06014 0,05911 0,04017 0,03292
24 0,62172 0,55288 0,49193 0,39012 0,31007 0,24698 0,19715 0,15770 0,12640 0,10153 0,08170 0,03588 0,05323 0,04306 0,03493 0,02838
25 0,60953 0,53939 0,47761 0,37512 0,29530 0,23300 0,18425 0,14602 0.11597 0,09230 0,07361 0,05882 0,04710 0,03779 0,03038 0,02447
360
2. fulis erTi erTeulis mimdinare Rirebuleba ( PV1) gagrZeleba
wlebi 17.00% 18.00% 19% 20% 21% 22% 23% 24% 25%
1 0,85470 0,84746 0,84034 0,83333 0,82645 0,81967 0,81301 0,80645 0,80000
2 0,73051 0,70616 0,70616 0,69444 0,68301 0,67186 0,66098 0,65036 0,64000
3 0,62437 0,60863 0,59342 0,57870 0,56447 0,55071 0,53738 0,52449 0,51200
4 0,53365 0,51579 0,49867 0,48225 0,46651 0,45140 0,43690 0,42297 0,40960
5 0,43711 0,4190 0,41905 0,40188 0,38554 0,37000 0,35520 0,34111 0,32768
6 0,38984 0,37043 0,35214 0,33490 0,31863 0,30328 0,28878 0,27509 0,26214
7 0,33320 0,31393 0,29592 0,27908 0,26333 0,24859 0,23478 0,22184 0,20972
8 0,28478 0,26604 0,24867 0,23257 0,21763 0,20376 0,19088 0,17891 0,16777
9 0,24340 0,22546 0,20897 0,19381 0,17986 0,16702 0,15519 0,14428 0,13422
10 0,20804 0,19106 0,17560 0,16151 0,14864 0,13690 0,12617 0,11635 0,10737
11 0,17781 0,16192 0,14757 0,13459 0,12285 0,11221 0,10258 0,09383 0,08590
12 0,15197 0,13722 0,12400 0,11216 0,10153 0,09198 0,08339 0,07567 0,06872
13 0,12989 0,11629 0,10421 0,09346 0,08391 0,07539 0,06780 0,06103 0,05498
14 0,11102 0,09855 0,08757 0,07789 0,06934 0,06180 0,05512 0,04921 0,04398
15 0,09489 0,08352 0,07359 0,06491 0,05731 0,05065 0,04481 0,03969 0,03518
16 0,08110 0,07078 0,06184 0,05409 0,04736 0,04152 0,03643 0,03201 0,02815
17 0,06932 0,05998 0,05196 0,04507 0,03914 0,03403 0,02962 0,02581 0,02252
18 0,05925 0,05083 0,04367 0,03756 0,03235 0,02789 0,02408 0,02082 0,01801
19 0,05064 0,04308 0,03670 0,03130 0,02673 0,02286 0,01958 0,01679 0,01441
20 0,04328 0,03651 0,03084 0,02608 0,02209 0,01874 0,01592 0,01354 0,01153
21 0,03699 0,03094 0,02591 0,02174 0,01826 0,01536 0,01294 0,01092 0,00922
22 0,03162 0,02622 0,02178 0,01871 0,01509 0,01259 0,01052 0,00880 0,00738
23 0,02702 0,0222 0,01830 0,01509 0,01247 0,01032 0,00855 0,00710 0,00590
24 0,02310 0,01883 0,01538 0,01258 0,01031 0,00846 0,00695 0,00573 0,00472
25 0,01974 0,01596 0,01292 0,01048 0,00852 0,00693 0,00565 0,00462 0,00378
361
3. Cveulebrivi anuitetis momavali Rirebuleba (FVA)
2.00% 2,5% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00% 10.00% 11,00% 12.00% 13,00%
1 1,0000 1,00000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000 1,00000
2 2,0200 2,02500 2,0300 2,0400 2,0500 2,0600 2,0700 2,0800 2,0900 2,1000 2,11000 2,1200 2,13000
3 3,0604 3,07563 3,0909 3,1216 3,1525 3,1836 3,2149 3,2464 3,2781 3,3100 3,34210 3,3744 3,40690
4 4,1216 4,15252 4,1836 4,2465 4,3101 4,3746 4,4399 4,5051 4,5731 4,6410 4,70973 4,7793 4,84980
5 5,2040 5,25633 5,3091 5,4163 5,5256 5,6371 5,7507 5,8666 5,9847 6,1051 6,22780 6,3528 6,48027
6 6,3081 6,38774 6,4684 6,6330 6,8019 6,9753 7,1533 7,3359 7,5233 7,7156 7,91286 8,1152 8,32271
7 7,4343 7,54743 7,6625 7,8983 8,1420 8,3938 8,6540 8,9228 9,2004 9,4872 9,78327 10,0890 10,40466
8 8,5830 8,73612 8,8923 9,2142 9,5491 9,8975 10,2598 10,6366 11,0285 11,4359 11,85943 12,2997 12,75726
9 9,7546 9,95452 10,1591 10,5828 11,0266 11,4913 11,9780 12,4876 13,0210 13,5795 14,16397 14,7757 15,41571
10 10,9497 11,20338 11,4639 12,0061 12,5778 13,1808 13,8164 14,4866 15,1929 15,9374 16,72201 17,5487 18,41975
11 12,1687 12,48347 12,8078 13,4864 14,2068 14,9716 15,7836 16,6455 17,5603 18,5312 19,56143 20,6546 21,81432
12 13,4121 13,79555 14,1920 15,0258 15,9171 16,8699 17,8885 18,9771 20,1407 21,3843 22,71319 24,1331 25,65018
13 14,6803 15,14044 15,6178 16,6268 17,7130 18,8821 20,1406 21,4953 22,9534 24,5227 26,21164 28,0291 29,98470
14 15,9739 16,51895 17,0863 18,2919 19,5986 21,0151 22,5505 24,2149 26,0192 27,9750 30,09492 32,3926 34,88271
15 17,2934 17,93193 18,5989 20,0236 21,5786 23,2760 25,1290 27,1521 29,3609 31,7725 34,40536 37,2797 40,41746
16 18,6393 19,38022 20,1569 21,8245 23,6575 25,6725 27,8881 30,3243 33,0034 35,9497 39,18995 42,7533 46,67173
17 20,0121 20,86473 21,7616 23,6975 25,8404 28,2129 30,8402 33,7502 36,9737 40,5447 44,50084 48,8837 53,73906
18 21,4123 22,38635 23,4144 25,6454 28,1324 30,9057 33,9990 37,4502 41,0313 45,5992 50,39594 55,7497 61,72514
19 22,8406 23,94601 25,1169 27,6712 30,5390 33,7600 37,3790 41,4436 46,0185 51,1591 56,93949 63,4397 70,74941
20 24,2974 25,54466 26,8704 29,7781 33,0660 36,7856 40,9955 45,7620 51,1601 57,2750 64,20283 72,0524 80,94683
21 25,78332 27,18327 28,67649 31,96920 35,71925 39,99273 44,86518 50,42292 56,76453 64,00250 72,26514 81,69874 92,46992
\ 22 27,29898 28,86286 30,53678 34,24797 38,50521 43,39229 49,00574 55,46676 62,87334 71,40275 81,21431 92,50258 105,49101
23 28,84496 30,58443 32,45288 36,61789 41,43048 46,99583 53,43614 60,89330 69,53194 79,54302 91,14788 104,60289 120,20484
24 30,42186 32,34904 34,42647 39,08260 44,50200 50,81558 58,17667 66,76476 76,78981 88,49733 102,17415 118,15524 136,83147
25 32,03030 34,15776 36,45926 41,64591 47,72710 54,86451 63,24904 73,10594 84,70090 98,34706 114,41331 133,33387 155,61956
362
3. Cveulebrivi anuitetis momavali Rirebuleba (FVA) gagrZeleba
wlebi 14.00% 15.00% 16,00% 17,00% 18,00% 19,00% 20,00% 21,00% 22,00% 23,00% 24,00% 25,00%
1 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000
2 2,1400 2,1500 2,16000 2,17000 2,18000 2,19000 2,2000 2,21000 2,22000 2,23000 2,24000 2,25000
3 3,4396 3,4725 3,50560 3,53890 3,57240 3,60610 3,64000 3,67410 3,70840 3,74290 3,77760 3,81250
4 4,9211 4,9934 5,06650 5,14051 5,21543 5,29126 5,36800 5,44566 5,52425 5,60377 5,68422 5,76563
5 6,6101 6,7424 6,87714 7,01440 7,15421 7,29660 7,44160 7,58925 7,73958 7,89263 8,04844 8,20703
6 8,5355 8,7537 8,97748 9,20685 9,44197 9,68295 9,92992 10,18299 10,44229 10,70794 10,98006 11,25879
7 10,7305 11,0668 11,41387 11,77201 12,14152 12,52271 12,91590 13,31142 13,73959 14,17077 14,61528 15,07349
8 13,2328 13,7268 14,24009 14,77325 15,32700 15,90203 16,49908 17,11892 17,76231 18,43004 19,12294 19,84186
9 16,0853 16,7858 17,51851 18,28471 19,08585 19,92341 20,79890 21,71389 22,67001 23,66895 24,71245 25,80232
10 19,3373 20,3037 21,32147 22,39311 23,52131 24,70886 25,95868 27,27381 28,65742 30,11281 31,64344 33,25290
11 23,0445 24,3493 25,73290 27,19994 28,75514 30,40355 32,15042 34,00131 35,96205 38,03876 40,23787 42,56613
12 27,2707 29,0017 30,85017 32,82393 34,93107 37,18022 39,58050 42,14158 44,87370 47,78767 50,89495 54,20766
13 32,0887 34,3519 36,78620 39,40399 42,21866 45,24446 48,49660 51,99132 55,74591 59,77883 64,10974 68,75958
14 37,5811 40,5047 43,67199 47,10267 50,81802 54,84091 59,19592 63,90949 69,01001 74,52796 80,49608 86,94947
15 43,8424 47,5804 51,65951 56,11013 60,96527 66,26068 72,03511 78,33049 85,19221 92,66940 100,81514 109,68684
16 50,9804 55,7175 60,92503 66,64885 72,93901 79,85021 87,44213 95,77989 104,93450 114,8336 126,01077 138,10855
17 59,1176 65,0751 71,67303 78,97915 87,06804 96,02175 105,93056 116,89367 129,02009 142,42953 157,25336 173,63568
18 68,3941 75,8364 84,14072 93,40561 103,74028 115,26588 128,11667 142,44134 158,40451 176,18832 195,99416 218,04460
19 78,9692 88,2118 98,60323 110,28456 123,41353 138,16640 154,74000 173,35402 194,25350 217,71163 244,03276 273,55576
20 91,0249 102,44358 115,37975 130,03294 146,62797 165,41802 186,68800 210,75836 237,98927 268,78531 303,60062 342,94470
21 104,76842 118,81012 134,84051 153,13854 174,02100 197,84744 225,02560 256,01762 291,34691 331,60593 377,46477 429,68087
22 120,43600 137,63164 157,41499 180,17209 206,34479 236,43846 271,03072 310,78131 356,44323 408,87530 469,05632 538,10109
23 138,29704 159,27638 183,60138 211,80134 244,48685 282,36176 326,23686 377,04539 435,86075 503,91662 582,62984 673,62636
24 158,65862 184,16784 213,97761 248,80757 289,49448 337,01050 471,98108 457,22492 532,75011 620,81744 723,46100 843,03295
25 181,87083 212,79302 249,21402 292,10486 342,60349 402,04249 471,98108 554,24216 650,95513 764,60545 898,09164 1054,79118
363
4. Cveulebrivi anuitetis mimdinare Rirebuleba (PVA)
wlebi 2.00% 2,5% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00% 10.00% 11,00% 12.00% 14.00%
1 0,9804 0,97561 0,9709 0,9615 0,9524 0,9434 0,9346 0,9259 0,9174 0,9091 0,90090 0,8929 0,8772
2 1,9416 1,92744 1,9135 1,8861 1,8594 1,8334 1,808 1,7833 1,7591 1,7355 1,71252 1,6901 1,6467
3 2,8839 2,85602 2,8286 2,7751 2,7232 2,673 2,6243 2,5771 2,5313 2,4869 2,44371 2,4018 2,3216
4 3,8077 3,761974 3,7171 3,6299 3,546 3,4651 3,3872 3,3121 3,2397 3,1699 3,10245 3,0373 2,9137
5 4,7135 4,645828 4,5797 4,4518 4,3295 4,2124 4,1002 3,9927 3,8897 3,7908 3,69590 3,6048 3,4331
6 5,6014 5,508125 5,4172 5,2421 5,0757 4,9173 4,7665 4,6229 4,4859 4,3553 4,23054 4,1114 3,8887
7 6,472 6,349391 6,2303 6,0021 5,7864 5,5824 5,3893 5,2064 5,032 4,8684 4,71220 4,5638 4,2883
8 7,3255 7,170137 7,0197 6,7327 6,4632 6,2098 5,9713 5,7466 5,5348 5,3349 5,14612 4,9676 4,6389
9 8,1622 7,970866 7,7861 7,4353 7,1078 6,8017 6,5152 6,2469 5,9952 5,759 5.52705 5,3282 4,9464
10 8,9826 8,752064 8,5302 8,1109 7,7217 7,3601 7,0236 6,7101 6,4177 6,1446 5,88923 5,6502 5,2161
11 9,7868 9,514209 9,2526 8,7605 8,3064 7,8869 7,4987 7,139 6,8052 6,4951 6,20652 5,9377 5,4527
12 10,5753 10,25776 9,954 9,3851 8,8633 8,3838 7,9427 7,5361 7,1607 6,8137 6,49236 6,1944 5,6603
13 11,3484 10,98318 10,635 9,9856 9,3936 8,8527 8,3577 7,9038 7,4869 7,1034 6,74987 6,4235 5,8424
14 12,1062 11,69091 11,2961 10,5631 9,8986 9,295 8,7455 8,2442 7,7862 7,3667 6,98187 6,6282 6,0021
15 12,8493 12,38138 11,9379 11,1184 10,3797 9,7122 9,1079 8,5595 8,0607 7,6061 7,19087 6,8109 6,1422
16 13,5777 13,055 12,5611 11,6523 10,8378 10,1059 9,4466 8,8514 8,3126 7,8237 7,37916 6,974 6,2651
17 14,2919 13,7122 13,1661 12,1657 11,2741 10,4773 9,7632 9,1216 8,5436 8,0216 7,54879 7,1196 6,3729
18 14,992 14,35336 13,7535 12,6593 11,6896 10,8276 10,0591 9,3719 8,7556 8,2014 7,70162 7,2497 6,4674
19 15,6785 14,97889 14,3238 13,1339 12,0853 11,1581 10,3356 9,6036 8,9501 8,3649 7,83929 7,3658 6,5504
20 16,3514 15,58916 14,8775 13,5903 12,4622 11,4699 10,594 9,8181 9,1285 8,5136 7,96333 7,4694 6,6231
21 17,01121 16,18455 15,41502 14,02916 12,82115 11,76408 10,83553 10,01680 9,29224 8,64869 8,07507 7,56200 6,68696
22 17,65805 16,76541 15,41502 14,45112 13,16300 12,04158 11,06124 10,20074 9,44243 8,77154 8,17574 7,64465 6,74294
23 18,29220 17,33211 16,44361 14,85684 1348857 12,30338 11,27219 10,37106 9,58021 8,88322 8,26643 7,71843 6,79206
24 18,91393 17,88499 16,93554 15,24696 13,79864 12,55036 11,46933 10,52876 9,70661 8,98474 8,34814 7,78432 6,83514
25 19,52346 18,42438 17,41315 15,62208 14,09394 12,78336 11,65358 10,67478 9,82258 9,07704 8,42174 7,84314 6,87293
364
4. Cveulebrivi anuitetis mimdinare Rirebuleba (PVA) gagrZeleba

wlebi 15.00% 16,00% 17,00% 18,00% 19,00% 20,00% 21,00% 22,00% 23,00% 24,00% 25,00%
1 0,8696 0,86207 0,84746 0,84746 0,84034 0,83333 0,82645 0,81967 0,81301 0,80645 0,80000
2 1,6257 1,60523 1,58521 1,56564 1,54650 1,52778 1,50946 1,49153 1,47399 1,45682 1,44000
3 2,2832 2,24589 2,20958 2,17427 2,13992 2,10648 2,07393 2,04224 2,01137 1,98130 1,95200
4 2,855 2,79818 2,74324 2,69006 2,63859 2,58873 2,54044 2,49364 2,44827 2,40428 2,36160
5 3,3522 3,27429 3,19935 3,12717 3,05763 2,99061 2,92598 2,86364 2,80347 2,74538 2,68928
6 3,7845 3,68474 3,58918 3,49760 3,40978 3,32551 3,24462 3,16692 3,09225 3,02047 2,95142
7 4,1604 4,03857 3,92238 3,81153 3,70570 3,60459 3,50795 3,41551 3,32704 3,24232 3,16114
8 4,4873 4,34359 4,20716 4,07757 3,95437 3,83716 3,72558 3,61927 3,51792 3,42122 3,32891
9 4,7716 4,60654 4,45057 4,30302 4,16333 4,03097 3,90543 3,78628 3,67310 3,56550 3,46313
10 5,0188 4,83323 4,65860 4,49409 4,33893 4,19247 4,05408 3,92318 3,79927 3,68186 3,57050
11 5,2337 5,02864 4,83641 4,65601 4,48650 4,32706 4,17692 4,03540 3,90185 3,77569 3,65640
12 5,4206 5,19711 4,98839 4,79322 4,61050 4,43922 4,27845 4,12737 3,98524 3,85136 3,72512
13 5,5831 5,34233 5,11828 4,90951 4,71471 4,53268 4,36235 4,20277 4,05304 3,91239 3,78010
14 5,7245 5,46753 5,22930 5,00806 4,80228 4,61057 4,43170 4,26456 4,10816 3,96160 3,82408
15 5,8474 5,57546 5,32419 5,09158 4,87586 4,67547 4,48901 4,31522 4,15298 4,00129 3,85926
16 5,9542 5,66850 5,40529 5,16235 4,93770 4,72956 4,53637 4,35673 4,18941 4,03330 3,96000
17 6,0472 5,74870 5,47461 5,22233 4,98966 4,77463 4,57551 4,39077 4,21904 4,05911 3,90993
18 6,128 5,81785 5,53385 5,27316 5,03333 4,81219 4,60786 4,41866 4,24312 4,07993 3,92794
19 6,1982 5,87746 5,58449 5,31624 5,07003 4,84350 4,63460 4,44152 4,26270 4,09672 3,94235
20 6,2593 5,92884 5,62777 5,35275 5,10086 4,86958 4,65669 4,46027 4,27862 4,11026 3,95388
21 6,31246 5,97314 5,66476 5,38368 5,12677 4,89132 4,67495 4,47563 4,29156 4,12117 3,96311
22 6,35866 6,01133 5,69637 5,40990 5,14855 4,90943 4,69004 4,48822 4,30208 4,12998 3,97049
23 6,39884 6,04425 5,72340 5,43212 5,16685 4,92453 4,70251 4,49854 4,31063 4,13708 3,97639
24 6,43377 6,07263 5,74649 5,45095 5,18223 4,93710 4,71282 4,50700 4,31759 4,14281 3,98111
25 6,46415 6,09709 5,76623 5,46691 5,19515 4,94759 4,72134 4,51393 4,32324 4,14742 3,98489
365
5. dauyovneblivi anuitetis momavali Rirebuleba ( FVAD)

wlebi 2.00% 2,5% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00% 10.00% 11,00% 12.00% 13.00%
1 1,02000 1,02500 1,03000 1,04000 1,05000 1,06000 1,07000 1,08000 1,09000 1,1000 1,11000 1,12000 1,13000
2 2,06040 2,07563 2,09090 2,12160 2,15250 2,18360 2,2149 2,24640 2,27810 2,31000 2,34210 2,37440 2,40690
3 3,12161 3,15252 3,18363 3,24646 3,31013 3,31013 3,43994 3,50611 3,57313 3,64100 3,70973 3,77933 3,84980
4 4,20404 4,25633 4,30914 4,41632 4,52563 4,63709 4,75074 4,86660 4,98471 5,10510 5,22780 5,35285 5,48027
5 5,30812 5,38774 5,46841 5,63298 5,80191 5,97532 6,15329 6,33593 6,52333 6,71561 6,91286 7,11519 7,32271
6 6,43528 6,54743 6,66246 6,89829 7,14201 7,39384 7,65402 7,92280 8,20043 8,48717 8,78327 9,08901 9,40466
7 7,58297 7,73612 7,89234 8,21423 8,54911 8,89747 9,25980 9,63663 10,02647 10,43589 10,85943 11,29969 11,75726
8 8,75463 8,95452 9,15911 9,58280 10,02656 10,49132 10,97799 11,48756 12,02104 12,02104 13,16397 13,77566 14,41571
9 9,94972 10,20338 10,46388 11,00611 11,57789 12,18079 12,81645 13,48656 14,19293 14,93742 15,72201 16,54874 17,41975
10 11,16872 11,48347 11,80780 12,48635 13,20679 13,97164 14,78360 15,64549 16,56029 17,53117 18,56143 19,65458 20,81432
11 12,41209 12,69555 13,19203 14,02581 14,91713 15,86994 16,88845 17,97713 19,14072 20,38428 21,71319 23,13313 24,65018
12 13,68033 14,14044 14,61779 15,62684 16,71298 17,88214 19,14064 20,49530 21,95338 23,52271 25,21164 27,02911 28,98470
13 14,97394 15,51895 16,08632 17,29191 18,59863 20,01507 21,55049 23,21492 25,01919 26,97498 29,09492 31,39260 33,88271
14 16,29342 16,93193 17,59891 19,02359 20,57856 22,27597 24,12902 26,15211 28,36092 30,77248 33,40536 36,27971 39,41749
15 17,63929 18,38022 19,15688 20,82453 22,65749 24,67253 26,88805 29,32428 32,00340 34,94973 38,18995 41,75328 45,67173
16 19,01207 19,86473 20,76159 22,69751 24,84037 27,21288 29,84022 32,75023 35,97370 39,54470 43,50084 47,88367 52,73906
17 20,41231 21,38635 22,41444 24,64541 27,13238 29,90565 32,99903 36,45024 40,30134 44,59917 49,39594 54,74971 60,72514
18 21,84056 22,94601 24,11687 26,67123 29,53900 32,75999 36,37896 40,44626 40,01846 50,15909 55,93949 62,43968 69,74941
19 23,29737 24,54466 25,87037 28,77808 32,06595 35,78559 39,99549 44,76196 50,16012 56,27500 63,20283 71,05244 79,94683
20 24,78332 26,18327 27,67649 30,96920 34,71925 38,99273 43,86518 49,42292 55,76453 63,00250 71,26514 80,69874 91,46992
21 26,29898 27,86286 29,53678 33,24797 37,50521 42,39229 48,00574 54,45676 61,87334 70,40275 80,21431 91,50258 104,49101
22 27,84496 29,58443 31,45288 35,61789 40,43048 45,995583 52,43614 59,89330 68,53194 78,54302 90,14788 103,60289 119,20484
23 29,42186 31,34904 33,42647 38,08260 43,50200 49,81558 57,17667 65,76476 75,78981 87,49733 101,17415 117,15529 135,83147
24 31,03030 3315776 35,45926 40,64591 46,72710 53,86451 62,24904 72,10594 83,70090 97,34706 113,41331 132,33387 154,61956
25 32,67091 35,01171 43,31174 43,31174 50,11345 58,15638 67,67647 78,95442 92,32398 108,18177 126,99877 149,33393 175,85010
366
5. dauyovneblivi anuitetis momavali Rirebuleba ( FVAD) gagrZeleba

wlebi 14.00% 15,00% 16,00% 17,00% 18,00% 19,00% 20,00% 21,00% 22,00% 23,00% 24,00% 25,00%
1 1,14000 1,15000 1,16000 1,17000 1,18000 1,19000 1,20000 1,21000 1,22000 1,23000 1,24000 1,25000
2 2,43960 2,47250 2,53890 2,53890 2,57240 2,60610 2,64000 2,67410 2,70840 2,74290 2,77760 2,81250
3 3,92114 3,99338 4,06650 4,14051 4,21543 4,29126 4,36800 4,44566 4,52425 4,60377 4,68422 4,76563
4 5,61010 5,74238 5,87714 6,01440 6,15421 6,29660 6,44160 6,58925 6,73958 6,89263 7,04844 7,20703
5 7,53552 7,75374 7,97748 8,20685 8,44197 8,68295 8,92992 9,18299 9,44229 9,70794 4,98006 10,25879
6 9,73049 10,06680 10,41387 10,77201 11,14152 11,52271 11,91590 12,32142 12,73959 13,17077 13,61528 14,07349
7 12,23276 12,72682 13,24009 13,77325 14,32700 14,90203 15,49908 16,11892 16,76231 17,43004 18,12294 18,84186
8 15,08535 15,78584 16,51851 17,28471 18,08585 18,92341 19,79890 20,71389 21,67001 22,66895 23,71245 24,80232
9 18,33730 19,30372 20,32147 21,39311 22,52131 23,70886 24,95868 26,27381 27,65742 29,11281 30,64344 32,25290
10 22,04452 23,34928 24,73290 26,19994 27,75514 29,40355 31,15042 33,00131 34,96205 37,03876 39,23787 41,56613
11 26,27075 28,00167 29,85017 31,82393 33,93107 36,18022 38,58050 41,14158 43,87370 46,78767 49,89495 53,20766
12 31,08865 33,35192 35,78620 38,40399 41,21866 44,24446 47,49660 50,99132 54,74591 58,77883 63,10974 67,75958
13 36,58107 39,50471 42,67199 46,10267 49,81802 53,84091 58,19592 62,90949 68,01001 73,52796 79,49608 85,94947
14 42,84241 46,58041 50,65951 55,11013 59,96527 65,26068 71,03511 77,33049 84,19221 91,66940 99,81514 108,68684
15 49,98035 54,71747 59,92503 65,64885 71,93901 78,93901 86,44213 94,77989 103,93450 113,98336 125,01077 137,10855
16 58,11760 64,07509 70,67303 77,97915 86,06804 95,02175 104,93056 115,89367 128,02009 141,42953 156,25336 172,63568
17 67,39407 74,83636 83,14072 92,40561 102,74028 114,26588 127,11667 141,44134 157,40451 175,18832 194,99416 217,04460
18 77,96923 87,21181 97,60323 109,28456 122,41353 137,16640 153,74000 172,35402 193,25350 216,71163 243,03276 272,55576
19 90,02493 101,44358 114,37975 129,03294 145,62797 164,41802 185,68800 209,75836 236,98927 267,78531 302,60062 341,94470
20 103,76842 117,81012 133,84051 152,13854 173,02100 196,84744 224,02560 255,01762 290,34691 330,60593 376,46477 428,68087
21 119,43600 136,63164 156,41499 179,17209 205,34479 235,43846 270,03072 309,78131 355,44323 407,87530 468,05632 537,10109
22 137,29704 158,27638 182,60138 210,80134 243,48685 281,36176 325,23686 376,04539 434,86075 502,91662 581,62984 672,62636
23 135,83147 183,16784 212,97761 247,80757 288,49448 336,01050 391,48424 456,22492 531,75011 619,81744 722,46100 842,03295
24 154,61956 211,79302 248,21402 291,10486 341,60349 401,04249 470,98108 553,24216 649,95513 763,60545 897,09164 1053,79118
25 175,85010 244,71197 289,08827 341,76268 404,27211 478,43056 566,37730 670,63302 794,16526 940,46470 1113,63363 1318,48898
367
6. dauyovneblivi anuitetis mimdinare Rirebuleba (PVAD)

wlebi 2.00% 2,5% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00% 10.00% 11,00% 12.00% 13,00%
1 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000
2 1,98039 1,97561 1,97087 1,96154 1,95238 1,94340 1,93458 1,92593 1,91743 1,90909 1,90090 1,89286 1,88496
3 2,94156 2,92742 2,91347 2,88609 2,85941 2,83339 2,80802 2,78326 2,75911 2,73554 2,71252 2,69005 2,66810
4 3,88388 3,85602 3,82861 3,77509 3,72325 3,67301 3,62432 3,57710 3,53129 3,48685 3,44371 3,40183 3,36115
5 4,80773 4,76197 4,71710 4,62990 4,54595 4,46511 4,38721 4,31213 4,23972 4,16987 4,10245 4,03735 3,97447
6 5,71346 5,64583 5,57971 5,45182 5,32948 5,21236 5,10020 4,99271 4,88965 4,79079 4,69590 4,60478 4,51723
7 6,60143 6,50813 6,41719 6,24214 6,07569 5,91732 5,76654 5,62288 5,48592 5,35526 5,23054 5,11141 4,99755
8 7,47199 7,34939 7,233028 7,00205 6,78637 6,58238 6,38929 6,20637 6,03295 5,86842 5,71220 5,56376 5,42261
9 8,32548 8,17014 8,01969 7,73274 7,46321 7,20979 6,97130 6,74664 6,53482 6,33493 6,14612 5,96764 5,79877
10 9,16224 9,51805 8,78611 8,76876 8,10782 7,90180 7,51523 7,16033 6,99525 6,52212 6,53705 5,96947 6,13166
11 9,98259 9,75206 9,35020 9,11090 8,72173 8,36009 8,02358 7,71008 7,41766 7,14457 6,88923 6,65022 6,42624
12 10,78685 10,51421 10,25262 9,76048 9,30641 8,88687 8,49867 8,13896 7,80519 7,49506 7,20652 6,93770 6,68694
13 11,57534 11,25776 10,95400 10,38507 9,86325 9,38384 8,94269 8,53608 8,16073 7,81369 7,49236 7,19437 6,91765
14 12,34837 11,98318 11,63496 10,98565 10,39357 9,85268 9,35765 8,90378 8,48690 8,10336 7,74987 7,42355 7,12181
15 13,106225 12,69091 12,29607 11,56312 10,89864 10,29498 9,74547 9,24424 8,78615 8,36669 7,98187 7,62817 7,30249
16 13,84926 13,38138 12,93794 12,11839 11,37966 10,71225 10,10791 9,55948 9,06069 8,60608 8,19087 7,81086 7,46238
17 14,57771 14,05500 13,56110 12,65230 11,83777 11,10590 10,44665 9,85137 9,31256 8,82371 8,37916 7,97399 7,60388
18 15,29187 14,71220 14,16612 13,16567 12,27407 11,47726 10,76322 10,12164 9,54363 9,02155 8,54879 8,11963 7,72909
19 15,99203 15,35336 14,75351 13,65930 12,68959 11,82760 11,05909 10,37189 9,75563 9,20141 8,70162 8,24967 7,83991
20 16,67846 15,97889 15,32380 14,13394 13,08532 12,15812 11,33560 10,60360 9,95011 9,36492 8,83929 8,36578 7,93797
21 17,35143 16,58916 15,87747 14,59033 13,46221 12,46992 11,59401 10,81815 10,12855 9,51356 8,96333 8,46944 8,02475
22 18,01121 17,18455 16,41502 15,02916 13,82115 12,76408 11,83553 11,01680 10,29224 9,64869 9,07507 8,56200 8,10155
23 18,65805 17m76541 16,93692 15,45112 14,16300 13,04158 12,06124 11,20074 10,44243 9,77154 9,17574 8,64465 8,16951
24 19,29220 18,33211 17,44361 15,85684 14,48857 13,30338 12,27219 11,37106 10,58021 9,88322 9,26643 8,71843 8,22966
25 19,91393 18,88499 17,93554 16,24696 14,79864 13,55036 12,46933 11,52876 10,70661 9,98474 9,34814 8,78432 8,28288
368
6. dauyovneblivi anuitetis mimdinare Rirebuleba (PVAD) gagrZeleba

wlebi 14.00% 15,00% 16,00% 17,00% 18,00% 19,00% 20,00% 21,00% 22,00% 23,00% 24,00% 25,00%
1 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000
2 1,87719 1,86957 1,86207 1,85470 1,84746 1,84034 1,83333 1,82645 1,81967 1,81301 1,80645 1,80000
3 2,64666 2,62571 2,62571 2,58521 2,56564 2,54650 2,52778 2,50946 2,49153 2,47399 2,45682 2,44000
4 3,32163 3,28323 3,24589 3,20958 3,17427 3,13992 3,10648 3,07393 3,04224 3,01137 2,98130 2,95200
5 3,91371 3,85498 3,79818 3,74324 3,69006 3,63859 3,58873 3,54044 3,49364 3,44827 3,40428 3,36160
6 4,43308 4,35216 4,27429 4,19935 4,12717 4,05763 3,99061 3,92598 3,86364 3,80347 3,74538 3,68928
7 4,88867 4,78448 4,68474 4,58918 4,49760 4,40978 4,32551 4,24462 4,16692 4,09225 4,02047 3,95142
8 5,28830 5,16042 5,03857 4,92238 4,81153 4,70570 4,60459 4,50795 4,41551 4,32704 4,24232 4,16114
9 5,63886 5,48732 5,34359 5,20716 5,07757 4,95437 4,83716 4,72558 4,61927 4,51792 4,42122 4,32891
10 5,48819 5,77158 5,06683 5,45057 4,69605 5,16333 4,36824 4,90543 4,07710 4,67310 3,81742 4,46313
11 6,21612 6,01877 5,83323 5,65860 5,49409 5,33893 5,19247 5,05408 4,92318 4,79927 4,68186 4,57050
12 6,45273 6,23371 6,02864 5,83641 5,65601 5,48650 5,32706 5,17692 5,03540 4,90185 4,77569 4,65640
13 6,66029 6,42062 6,19711 5,98839 5,79322 5,61050 5,43922 5,27845 5,12737 4,98524 4,85136 4,72512
14 6,84236 6,58315 6,34233 6,11828 5,90951 5,71471 5,53268 5,36235 5,20277 5,05304 4,91239 4,78010
15 7,00207 6,72448 6,46753 6,22930 6,00806 5,80228 5,61057 5,43170 5,26456 5,10816 4,96160 4,82408
16 7,14217 6,84737 6,57546 6,32419 6,09158 5,87586 5,67547 5,48901 5,31522 5,15298 5,00129 4,95000
17 7,26506 6,95423 6,66850 6,40529 6,16235 5,93770 5,72956 5,53637 5,35673 5,18941 5,03330 4,88741
18 7,37286 7,04716 6,74870 6,47461 6,22233 5,98966 5,77463 5,57551 5,39077 5,21904 5,05911 4,90993
19 7,46742 7,12797 6,81785 6,53385 6,27316 6,03333 5,81219 5,60786 5,41866 5,24312 5,07993 4,92794
20 7,55037 7,19823 6,87746 6,58449 6,31624 6,07003 5,84350 5,63460 5,44152 5,26270 5,09672 4,94235
21 7,62313 7,25933 6,92884 6,62777 6,35275 6,10086 5,86958 5,65669 5,46027 5,27862 5,11026 4,95388
22 7,68696 7,31246 6,97314 6,66476 6,38368 6,12677 5,89132 5,67495 5,47563 5,29156 5,12117 4,96311
23 7,74294 7,35866 7,01133 6,69637 6,40990 6,14855 5,90943 5,69004 5,48822 5,30208 5,12998 4,97049
24 7,79206 7,39884 7,04425 6,72340 6,43212 6,16685 5,92453 5,70251 5,49854 5,31063 5,13708 4,97639
25 7,83514 7,43377 7,07263 6,74649 6,45095 6,18223 5,93710 5,71282 5,50700 5,31759 5,14281 4,98111
369

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1

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

wignSi ganxilulia finansuri aRricxvis Teoriisa da praqtikis sakiTxebi

redaqtori: goCa TuTberiZe,

recenzentebi: nadeJda kvataSiZe,

rekomendebulia dasabeWdad iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

Tavi I. fuladi saSualebebis aRricxva --------------------------------------------------8

Tavi II. moTxovnebis aRricxva ------------------------------------------------58

Tavi III. sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulobebis aRricxva ---------74

Tavi IV. ZiriTadi saSualebebis aRricxva ---------------------------------103

da aRricxvis amocanebi -----------------------------------------------------------103

4.2. ZiriTadi saSualebebis Sefaseba -----------------------------------------------109

4.3. ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZenis aRricxva ---------------------------------113

4.4. ZiriTadi saSualebebis eqspluataciasTan

4.5. cveTisa da amortizaciis aRricxva ------------------------------------------126

4.6. ZiriTadi saSualebebis gadafasebis aRricxva----------------------------134

4.7. ZiriTadi saSualebebis aRiarebis Sewyvetis (gasvlis)

Tavi V. aramaterialuri aqtivebis aRricxva---------------------------------------------------142

5.3. aramaterialuri aqtivebis amortizaciis aRricxva-----------------------153

5.4. aramaterialuri aqtivebis gasvlis aRricxva -----------------------------156

Tavi VI. valdebulebebis aRricxva -----------------------------------------------------------------165

6.4. daricxuli valdebulebebis aRricxva ---------------------------------------------181

Tavi VII. sakuTari kapitalis aRricxva ---------------------------------------------------------189

Tavi VIII. Semosavlebisa da xarjebis aRricxva ----------------------------------------------207

8.3. saqonlis gayidvidan miRebuli amonagebis aRricxva ----------------------215

8.4. momsaxurebis gawevidan miRebuli amonagebis aRricxva ------------------223

8.5. procentebis, roialtebisa da dividendebis aRricxva----------------------225

8.6. xarjebis aRiareba da Sefaseba------------------------------------------------------------228

Tavi IX. finansuri angariSgeba --------------------------------------------------------------- 262

9.3.2. sakuTari kapitalis cvlilebebis angariSgeba ----------------------276

9.3.4. fuladi nakadebis angariSgeba ----------------------------------------------282

kiTxvebi TviTSemowmebisaTvis ---------------------------------------------------------------290

sawarmos Tavisi fuladi saSualebebi SeiZleba ganTavsebuli hqondes

sawamos momsaxure bankidan naRdi fulis miReba da piriqiT, misi bankSi

salaros Semosavlisa da gasavlis orderebi Semdegi saxisaa:

sawarmo, organizacia sawarmo, organizacia

salaros Semosavlis orderi # qviTari

________________________________ lari ______ TeTri _________ `__~____________20.. w.

salaros gasavlis orderi #

mimRebi pirovnebis damadasturebeli dokumentis dasaxeleba, nomeri, TariRi, gacemis adgili

maSasadame, salarodan naRdi fulis yovelgvari gacema aucileblad unda

2. investiciebis (moklevadiani da grZelvadiani) amsaxveli angariSebis kredits,

3. sxvadasxva saxis debitoruli davalianebebiT warmoqmnili moTxovnebis naRdi

4. grZelvadiani aqtivebis gayidvisas, aqtivebis amsaxveli Sesabamisi angariSebis

5. sxvadasxva saxis sesxebis miRebisas, sesxebis saxeebis mixedviT, Sesabamisi

6. Semosavlebis miRebisas _ Semosavlebis amsaxveli angariSebis kredits,

2. investiciebis (moklevadiani da grZelvadiani) amsaxveli angariSebis debets,

3. moTxovnebis amsaxveli angariSebis debets _ sxvadasxva debitorebidan

4. sasaqonlo_materialuri maragebis amsaxveli angariSebis debets, maragebis

5. winaswar gaweuli xarjebis angariSebis debets, am xarjebis saxeebis mixedviT.

6. grZelvadiani aqtivebis SeZenisas, aqtivebis calkeuli jgufebis amsaxveli

7. valdebulebebis amsaxveli Sesabamisi angariSebis debets, valdebulebebis

8. danaxarjebis amsaxveli angariSebis debets, rogoricaa, miwodebis xarjebis

sawarmoebi, TavianTi sameurneo saqmianobidan gamomdinare, sxva

rac Seexeba angariSsworebis formas Tanxebis gadamxdelsa da mis mimRebs

angariSsworeba sagadaxdo davalebiT unaRdo angariSsworebis farTod

vadiani gadaxda iTvaliswinebs gadaxdas saqonlis gadatvirTvis Semdeg, e.i.

vadamdeli gadaxda gulisxmobs saqonlis Rirebulebis gadaxdas

gadavadebuli gadaxda pirvelad dadgenili vadis gadavadebas niSnavs, rac

unaRdo angariSsworebisas SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes safosto

angariSsworeba akreditivebiT gamoiyeneba saqalaqTaSoriso

dafarul (deponirebul) akreditivad iTvleba akreditivebi, romelTa

daufaravi (garantirebuli) akreditivi SeiZleba gaixsnas bankebs Soris

gamoTxoviTi akreditivi SeiZleba Seicvalos an gauqmdes gamxsneli bankis

__________________________ lari TeTri _ `~__________20.. w.

dakveTis # `_~_________20w. saqonlis, samuSaos (momsaxurebis) saxeoba, vada