1.

Cell

2. Modul

3. array
Prinsip kerja solar sel

Solar cells are composed of various semiconductor materials which become electrically conductive
when supplied by heat or light. The majority of solar cells produced are composed of Silicon (Si)
which exist in sufcient quantities and do not add any burden on the environment. However, over
95% of these cells have efciency about 17% . However solar cells, having power conversion
efciencies as high as 31% have been developed over the last decade in laboratory environment
Doping technique is used to obtain a surplus of positive charge carriers (p-type) or a surplus of
negative carriers

(n-type). When two layers of different doping are in contact, then a p-n junction is formed on the
boundary. An internal electric eld is built up which then causes the separation of charge carriers
released by light as shown in Fig. 1. We all know that light is composed of small packets called
photons. When these photons bombard our cell, many electrons are freed within the electric eld
proximity, which then pull the electrons from the p-side to n-side. Through metal contacts, an
electric charge can be taped. If the outer circuit is closed, then direct current ows as illustrated in
Fig. 2.

Gambar 1. Effect of the electric field in a PV cell

Gambar 2. a. Operasi photovoltaic sell

b. solar cell equivalen circuit