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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background of the Study Languages always use words. The word
is a linguistic unit that is used
in all levels of our culture. Someti
mes words are added by a bound morpheme.
Actually, it is called affixes. Sometimes the readers have some difficulties to
get the meaning of word because it c
ontains an affix. The researcher used
Morphology to guide this research, becau
se affixes are one of the units which
are studied on Morphology. Morphology is a
term for that branch of linguistics
which is concerned with the form of words in difference uses and construction
(Matthew, 1991: 3). Affix is one of the
processes of addition in morphological
process. Affixation is defined by two char
acteristics. Firstly, the form resulted
by the operation or derived forms that cons
ist of the base (the form that the
operation applies to add an
additional morpheme). Secondly, the form which is
added (the affix) will be constant; it will be the same whatever particular base
the operation applies to (Matthew, 1991: 131).
Grimms fairy tale entitled
The Water of Life
is the object of this study.
It is literary work that is interesting
to read, because it is full of education.
When the researcher read this story, th
e researcher found many affixes. This
story has some affixes that are in prefix
es, suffixes and may be infixes. Affixes
are necessary to learn, because
it is to get the meaning of
this story. Affixes that
are used in this story are suffix and pref
ix. And those affixes indicate different
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meaning. For examples, ...
a king who had three sons
. Sons
is a word that is
added by a suffix s that indicates plural
ity because the noun is more than one.
Other example,
....so ill that nobody t
hought he would live.
Nobody
is a word
that is added by prefix no-
and it has a function as
indication of negative word.
Inflectional suffixes

Inflection changes the grammatical properties of a word within its syntactic category. In the
example:

I was hoping the cloth wouldn't fade, but it has faded quite a bit.

the suffix -ed inflects the root-word fade to indicate past tense.

Inflectional suffixes do not change the word class of the word after inflection.[5] Inflectional
suffixes in modern English include:

-s third person singular present

-ed past tense
-t past tense
-ing progressive/continuous
-en past participle
-s plural
-en plural (irregular)
-er comparative
-est superlative
-n't negative

Derivation

Derivational suffixes can be divided into two categories: class-changing derivation and class-
maintaining derivation.[6] In English, they include

-ise/-ize (usually changes nouns into verbs)

-fy (usually changes nouns into verbs)
-ly (usually changes adjectives into adverbs)
-ful (usually changes nouns into adjectives)
-able/-ible (usually changes verbs into adjectives)
-hood (usually class-maintaining, with the word class remaining a noun)
-ess (usually class-maintaining, with the word class remaining a noun)
-ness (usually changes adjectives into nouns)
-less (usually changes nouns into adjectives)
-ism (usually class-maintaining, with the word class remaining a noun)
-ment (usually changes verbs into nouns)
-ist (usually class-maintaining, with the word class remaining a noun)
-al (usually changes nouns into adjectives)
-ish (usually changes nouns into adjectives/ class-maintaining, with the word class
remaining an adjective)
-tion (usually changes verbs into noun)
-logy/-ology (usually class-maintaining, with the word class remaining a noun)
Definition

In English grammar and morphology, a prefix is a letter or group of letters attached to the
beginning of a word that partly indicates its meaning. Examples of prefixes include anti-
(against), co- (with), mis- (wrong, bad), and trans- (across).

The most common prefixes in English are those that express negation: a- (as in the
word asexual), in- (incapable), non- (nonsense), un- (unhappy).

The word prefix contains the prefix pre- (which means "before") and the root word fix (which
means "to fasten or place"). Thus the word prefix literally means "to place before."

Prefixes are bound morphemes, which means they can't stand alone. Generally, if a group of
letters is a prefix, it can't also be a word. However, prefixation (the process of adding a prefix to
a word) is a common way of forming new words in English.