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Bài Giảng Luật PDF
Bài Giảng Luật PDF
Bi ging
M BO CHT LNG V
LUT THC PHM
1
TI LIU THAM KHO
2
M BO CHT LNG V LUT THC PHM
C QUAN BAN HNH LUT, CH TH, THNG T
01:2009/BNNPTNT http://www.nafiqad.go
v.vn
http://www.vasep.gov.
vn
4
thc phm
K hiu: QCVN 02 - 09:
2009/BNNPTNT
nt
10.Quy chun k thut quc - 28 TCN 164: 2000
gia: C s thu mua thu sn - C s thu mua thu sn
iu kin m bo v sinh an - iu kin m bo
ton thc phm
VSATTP
K hiu: QCVN 02 - 10:
2009/BNNPTNT
nt
Quy chun k thut quc gia: - 28 TCN 165: 2000
Ch c - iu kin m bo v Ch c - iu kin m
sinh an ton thc phm bo VSATTP
K hiu: QCVN 02-11:
2009/BNNPTNT
nt
11.Quy chun k thut quc - 28 TCN 163: 2000
gia: Cng c - iu kin m Cng c - iu kin m
bo v sinh an ton thc phm bo VSATTP
K hiu: QCVN 02 - 12:
2009/BNNPTNT
nt
12.Quy chun k thut quc - 28 TCN 135: 1999
gia: Tu c - iu kin m bo Tu c - iu kin m
v sinh an ton thc phm bo VSATTP
K hiu: QCVN 02 - 13:
2009/BNNPTNT.
.......
Cc qui nh c
Cc qui nh mi a ch tm kim
1. Lut an ton thc phm nm 2010 Php lnh v v sinh an
(LUT S: 55/2010/QH12) http://www.omard.
ton thc phm ban hnh
ngy 26/07/2003 gov.vn
http://tcvn.gov.vn
http://www.nafiqad
5
.gov.vn
http://www.vasep.g
ov.vn
.....
TT Tn vn bn
Quy trnh thc hnh sn xut nng nghip tt cho ch bp ti an ton ti Vit
1 Nam (VietGap) ban hnh theo Quyt nh 1121/Q-BNN-KHCN ngy
14/4/2008.
Quy trnh thc hnh sn xut nng nghip tt cho rau, qu ti an ton ti Vit
2 Nam (VietGap) ban hnh theo Quyt nh 379/Q-BNN-KHCN ngy
28/01/2008.
Quy ch chng nhn quy trnh thc hnh sn xut nng nghip tt (VietGap)
3 cho rau, qu v ch an ton ban hnh theo Quyt nh 4/200 /Q-BNN ngy
28/8/2008.
4 Quy nh qun l sn xut, kinh doanh rau, qu v ch an ton ban hnh theo
Quyt nh 99/200 /Q-BNN ngy 15/10/2008.
5 Quy trnh thc hnh chn nui tt cho chn nui ln an ton ban hnh theo
Quyt nh 1 06/Q-BNN-KHCN ngy 15/5/2009.
6 Quy trnh thc hnh chn nui tt cho chn nui gia cm an ton ban hnh theo
Quyt nh 1 04/Q-BNN-KHCN ngy 15/5/2009.
Quy ch chng nhn c s thc hin quy trnh thc hnh chn nui tt
7 (VietGap) cho b sa, ln, gia cm v ong ban hnh theo Quyt nh
121/200 /Q-BNN ngy 17/12/2008.
6
8 Cc vn bn lin quan n thu ph l ph trong qun l Cht lng th y, thy
sn, bo v thc vt.
TT Tn vn bn
Lut thy sn, s 17/2003/QH ngy 26/11/2003
1
5 Ngh nh 163/2004/N-CP ngy 7/9/2004 v vic quy nh chi tit thi hnh
mt s iu ca Php lnh v sinh an ton thc phm.
7
11 Thng t lin tch s 61/200 /TTLT-BNN-BNV hng dn chc nng nhim
v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca C quan chuyn mn thuc y ban nh n
d n cp tnh, cp huyn v nhim v qun l nh nc ca y ban nh n d n cp
tnh, cp huyn v nhim v qun l nh nc ca y ban nh n d n cp x v
Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn.
Quyt nh 117/Q-BNN ngy 11/12/200 ban hnh quy ch kim tra v cng
12 nhn c s sn xut kinh doanh thy sn iu kin m bo VSATTP.
Quyt nh 131/Q-BNN ngy 31/12/2008 ban hnh quy ch kim sot v sinh
an ton trong thu hoch nhuyn th 2 mnh v.
8
BI 1:
MT S KHI NIM
1. KHI NIM THC PHM
Thc phm l sn phm dng rn hoc dng lng dng n, ung vi mc ch
dinh dng v th hiu ngoi nhng sn phm dng vi mc ch cha bnh.
Sn phm thy sn l mt trong nhng ngun thc phm c bn quan trng ca loi
ngi, ngy cng c a chung khp ni, bi nhng u im vn c ca chng l:
hm lng dinh dng cao, d tiu ha, hm lng cholesterol khng ng k v cha
cc hot cht sinh hc c tc dng chng mt s bnh cho con ngi.
Nh xng
QTSX
My mc, thit b
9
L tp hp cc c tnh ca sn phm to cho sn phm kh nng tha mn nhng
nhu cu c th hoc tim n ca ngi tiu dng.
Tim n l nhng ci khng cm nhn bng gic quan con ngi.
10
BI 2:
CC PHNG PHP M BO CHT LNG
THC PHM
1. PHNH PHP TRUYN THNG
Ly mu i din cui cng kim tra.
- u im: n gin, chi ph d phng v kim tra thp do ly mu t, t chc ly
mu n gin.
- Nhc im: Chi ph sai hng nhiu khi rt cao, tnh an ton v sinh thc phm
thp.
Chi ph sai hng l chi ph b ra ti ch, hy b sn phm.
An ton v sinh thc phm thp v d: khi kim tra s hin din ca vi sinh vt (vsv)
g y bnh trong mt l hng vi s ln ly mu (n = 5), khng c mu no c vsv.
Nhng thc t ly n = 60, sau kim tra ton b l hng cn tn ti 30% s sn phm
trong l hng c vsv g y bnh.
Tuy nhin, y khng phi l tiu chun c tnh quc t nh ISO m ty iu kin
c th, mi quc gia u c tiu chun G P ring ca mnh. Hin nay, mt s nc
pht trin xem y l tiu chun bt buc trong sn xut v thc phm, y t v
thit b y t. t s nc ch khuyn co xem y l tiu chun cn thc hin. Tuy
nhin, c th gia nhp AFTA cc n v sn xut Vit Nam buc phi t tiu
chun G P.
- u im:
+ Kim sot c tt c yu t lin quan n cht lng thc phm trong qu trnh sn
xut t nguyn liu, thao tc cng nh n, v sinh mi trng Do m bo cht
lng thc phm tt hn sn phm khc.
+ Chi ph sai hng thp.
+ Gip nh sn xut phn ng kp thi hn i vi nhng vn lin quan n cht
lng trong sn xut.
- Nhc im:
Chi ph phng nga cao hn so vi phng php truyn thng v phi o to i
ng QC tt, nh xng, thit b phi tt, h thng qun l cht lng i hi cao hn,
phc tp hn.
11
3. QUN L CHT LNG THEO 5S
3.1. Khi nim v 5S
5S l phng php qun l cht lng ca ngi Nht Bn, xut pht bi ch ci
ca t ting Nht nh sau:
SEIRI : SNG LC
SEITON : SP XP
SEISO : SCH S
SEIKETSU: SN SC
SHITSUKE: SN SNG
5S c p dng trong t chc, qun l sn xut nhiu lnh vc khc nhau v
mang li hiu qu thit thc: tit kim thi gian hao ph v ch, n ng cao nng sut v
cht lng lao ng.
3.2. Ni dung ca 5 S
SEIRI: SNG LC
Hy pht hin nhng th khng cn thit v vt n ra khi ni lm vic, hin
trng sn xut.
Chng xu hng ca con ngi mun gi mi th cho nhng trng hp d phng.
Chng ta xem xt quyt nh ci g cn thit gi li, ri mnh dn loi ra
nhng th khng cn thit hoc t s dng ti. Ch gi nhng loi cng c, phng tin
ti thiu h tr cho cng vic theo tng ngy mt. Tin hnh dn nhn (Red
tagging) vo nhng dng c thit b v vt liu cn thit gi li.
Ph n loi dng c, thit b v vt liu theo mc cn thit.
- Khng bao gi ng ti Nerver
- Thnh thong Occationally
- Thng xuyn Often
- Lun lun s dng Always
Trn c s tin hnh sng lc loi b nhng dng c, thit b vt liu khng cn
thit.
SEITON: SP XP
i thit b, dng c u c tn v c v tr nht nh, mi v tr u c tn gi v
c chc nng ca n ta hy sp xp ng ch, ngn np thun tin cho tt c mi th
th s rt d tm thy chng khi cn thit.
Khi sp xp nn s dng nhng phng tin trc quan mt cch r rng nh nhn
dn, mu sc, hnh v mi ngi d nhn bit. Hy to mt ni lm vic mt cch
c t chc. To mt h thng kho cha d nhn, d ly nhng th chng ta cn. Gim
thiu thi gian tm kim,loi b nhng hnh ng tha g y lng ph thi gian.
SEISO: SCH S
Lun gi gn v sinh sch s ti ni lm vic bt c lc no v trit tiu cc ngun
g y nhim bn, mt v sinh: Ting n, kh c, khi thi, du my, bi bm, rc thi
Tt c mi ngi trong cng ty u c thc v tham gia gi gn v sinh.
Cn lu rng khng phi ch khi c khch n thm quan hoc c on kim tra
mi lm v sinh. S sch s gi to rt d nhn bit. nn dnh pht u gi v pht
cui gi lm vic cho vic dn v sinh ti ni lm vic.
Cng vic gi v sinh l vic lm t nhin v t gic ca mi thnh vin trong t
chc. Tuy nhin, s kim tra v nhc nh ca lnh o l rt cn thit. Cn ch n
phng tin, cng c v sinh sao cho y v thch hp.
12
SEIKETSU: SN SC
Duy tr thng xuyn nhng vic lm v ci tin lin tc t c hiu qu
cao hn l iu rt quan trng v cn thit.
Xc lp mt h thng kim sot trc quan nh: Dn nhn (labeling) hoc nh du
bng mu sc. To mt mi trng d dng duy tr vic sng lc (S1), sp xp (S2)
v sch s (S3).
SHITSUKE: SN SNG
Gio dc mi ngi thc v nghim tc thc hin cc nguyn tc chm sc ni
lm vic mt cch t gic. Hy bin mi vic lm tt p tr thnh thi quen, nim yt
kt qu nh gi S ti ni lm vic khuyn khch vic tt v rt kinh nghim vic
cha tt
Kim tra nh k vi nhng nguyn tc xc lp. X y dng v nh hnh mt nn
vn ha cng ty: Ngn np, sch s, lun sn sng.
Li ch khi thc hin S
Khi p phng php S s mang li cho doanh nghip nhng li ch sau:
- Tng nng sut.
- N ng cao cht lng sn phm, dch v.
- H gi thnh.
- An ton hn.
- Thu ht v to s tin cy i vi khch hng.
- Vn ha cng ty ngy cng phong ph hn.
- X y dng mi trng lm vic tt p.
Chu trnh Shewhart ( Nht quen gi l chu trnh Deming) hay cn gi l chu
trnh PDCA
Lp k hoch: Cn thay i
Plan kh u no? Phi lm g?
13
N l s tip cn c tnh khoa hc, hp l v c tnh h thng cho s nhn bit, xc
nh v kim sot mi nguy hi trong ch to, gia cng, sn xut, chun b v s dng
thc phm m bo rng thc phm l an ton khi tiu dng.
C th p dng cho cc Doanh nghip trong lnh vc thc phm v ung.
5.2. Yu cu ca th trng
- Khuyn co ca y ban thc phm CODEX.
- Yu cu bt buc ca EU (ch th 94/3 6).
- Yu cu bt buc ca (21CFR 123).
- Yu cu ca CANADA, AUTRALIA.
- Yu cu tha c ca GATT.
- Nht bn khuyn khch p dng.
Tng chi
ph cht
lng
Mc cht lng
c cht lng tng ng vi chi 14
ph cht lng ti thiu
th c tnh cht tng i: ngha l ta phi tm trn th mt im ti u va c
mc cht lng theo yu cu khch hng m va hiu qu.
6. ISO 9000
H thng m bo cht lng xuyn sut t thit k, sn xut, lp t, dch
v c tiu chun ha trit .
B Tiu chun ISO 9000 quy t kinh nghim ca Quc t trong lnh vc qun l v
m bo cht lng trn c s ph n tch cc quan h gia ngi mua v ngi cung
cp (nh sn xut). y chnh l phng tin hiu qu gip cc nh sn xut t x y
dng v p dng h thng bo m cht lng c s mnh, ng thi cng l cng l
phng tin bn mua c th cn c vo tin hnh kim tra ngi sn xut, kim
tra s n nh ca sn xut v cht lng trc khi k hp ng. ISO 9000 a ra cc
chun mc cho mt h thng cht lng v c th p dng rng ri trong cc lnh vc
sn xut, kinh doanh v dch v. ISO 9000 Hng dn cc t chc cng nh cc doanh
nghip x y dng mt m hnh qun l thch hp v vn bn ho cc yu t ca h
thng cht lng theo m hnh chn.
B tiu chun ISO 9000:2000 bao gm nhiu tiu chun. Trong tiu chun chnh
ISO 9001: H thng qun l cht lng, cc yu cu, nu ra cc yu cu i vi h
thng qun l cht lng m doanh nghip cn phi p ng. Ngoi ra cn cc tiu
chun h tr v Hng dn thc hin, bao gm:
B tiu chun ISO 9000 c bn v hin ti c cc tiu chun lin quan nh sau:
15
ISO 9001:2008 l g?
ISO 9001:200 l tiu chun v h thng qun l cht lng nm trong b tiu
chun ISO 9000 do t chc ISO ban hnh vo ngy 1 /11/200 (gi tt l phin bn
nm 200 ).
16
Vi mt s sn phm nhng th trng nht nh, vic chng nhn theo ISO
9000 l mt yu cu bt buc.
p dng ISO 9000 gip cho doanh nghip ci tin cng tc qun l ph hp,
khc phc nhng khc bit v tiu chun, phong cch lm n gia cc quc gia,
trnh c nhng kim tra, th nghim lp li v gim c chi ph trong
thng mi.
MT S BI HC KINH NGHIM:
O TO
o to ISO 9000
o to nh gi ni b cho chnh cc nh n vin nghip v
QUN L
XY DNG H THNG
Khng dp khu n
Khng chp nhn h thng sp t sn
Khng p t h thng
Lu rng i vi doanh nghip Thy sn mun p dng ISO trc tin phi p
dng h thng qun l G P, HACCP sau mi p dng ISO, bi ISO i hi trnh
qun l cao nu p dng cha tt G P, HACCP m trin khai ngay ISO chc chn
s tht bi.
7. ISO 14000
B tiu chun ISO 14000 do T chc Tiu chun ho Quc t ( ISO ) ban hnh bao
trm nhng vn ln v mi trng nh: qun l mi trng, nh gi mi trng,
nh gi chu trnh sn phm, dn nhn mi trng, hot ng mi trng v cc vn
khc. tr thnh c s c chng nhn t tiu chun ISO 14000, c s phi thit
lp bng vn bn mt h thng qun l mi trng, thc hin v duy tr n mt cch
hiu qu theo yu cu ca tiu chun.
B tiu chun quc t v h thng qun l mi trng da trn:
17
+ Cc thng l qun l tt c tha nhn v qun l mi trng trn phm vi
quc t.
+ Cc thnh tu ca khoa hc qun l.
c ban hnh bi t chc tiu chun ho quc t - ISO l t chc tp hp ca
cc c quan tiu chun quc gia.
C th p dng cho mi loi hnh Doanh nghip, mi lnh vc, mi quy m.
18
8. ISO 22000:2005
H thng qun l an ton thc phm yu cu cho mi t chc trong chui cung
ng thc phm.
Li ch ca ISO 22000:200 :
rng ISO 9001:2000 hin c p dng rng ri tt c cc lnh vc
nhng cha cp n vn an ton thc phm.
Vic x y dng tiu chun ISO 22000 da trn s tha nhn rng cc h thng v
an ton thc phm hiu qu nht c thit k, hot ng v ci tin lin tc
trong khun kh ca mt h thng qun l theo cu trc v c st nhp vo
cc hot ng qun l chung ca t chc ny.
Vic x y dng tiu chun ISO 22000 da trn s tha nhn rng cc h thng v
an ton thc phm hiu qu nht c thit k, hot ng v ci tin lin tc
trong khun kh ca mt h thng qun l theo cu trc v c st nhp vo
cc hot ng qun l chung ca t chc ny.
19
Ngoi ra mt trong nhng yu cu quan trng l ngy nay khch hng mun bit
sn phm mnh ang s dng c ngun gc t u v BRC gip chng ta iu
ny.
BRC a ra cc yu cu chung cho vic kim sot nng sn u vo ch khng
c th v cht tr nh yu cu ca GAP.
Tiu chun cng yu cu phi cp nht cc yu cu lut nh v thng tin cng
ngh v sn phm gip cng ty m bo ng ph kp thi vi nhng thay i
lun cung cp sn phm an ton cho ngi tiu dng.
20
BI 3:
GII THIU V CC MI NGUY
1. KHI NIM MI NGUY
- Theo FDA v HACCP truyn thng:
i nguy (Hazard) l cc nh n t sinh hc, ha hc hoc vt l trong thc phm,
hoc iu kin c kh nng g y hi cho sc khe ca ngi tiu dng.
iu kin g y hi c th l cch n, v d sn phm n chn ta n sng.
- Theo NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service):
i nguy (Hazard) l cc nh n t sinh hc, ha hc hoc vt l trong thc phm
hoc iu kin c kh nng g y hi cho sc khe ca ngi tiu dng hoc lm gim
tnh kh dng, tnh kinh t.
ATTP:
Vt l, ha hc,
sinh hc HACCP
HACCP THEO
Tnh kh dng
THEO EU
MNFS
Gian di v kinh t
C ng ch C ng v y vng C thu
24
4.2.3. Cc ha cht do con ngi a vo c mc ch
- Cht bo qun: Tng kh nng bo qun, tng kh nng gi nc.
+ Disunfit: chng bin en (trong tm) cht ny c nhm SO2 ngi ht phi g y d
ng, ln cn hen.
Th trng Nht, Ch u u khng cho php s dng, cho php s dng khng
qu 10 ppm.
+ Borat: Bo qun thc phm tht, c, gi ch cho thc phm ti l u hoc cng c
th lm tng dai, gin, n hi.
Tc hi ca Borat: G y ung th.
+ Poly Phot phat: Bo qun tm, mc gim kh nng mt nc, gi cu trc Protein
(ch yu bo qun tm) Nht, Ch u u cm s dng, cho s dng vi liu lng
nht nh.
- Cc cht ph gia, phm mu: Phi ch trong mt s sn phm, khi s dng ng
vi cht ph gia c php s dng. Phm mu s dng chit trong t nhin.
Tiu chun 2 TCN 1 6: 2000, lit k cc ha cht cm s dng trong thc phm.
i nguy ha hc
a) c t t nhin c sn trongnguyn liu.
b) Do b nhim mi trng hoc do con ngi a voc mc ch.
c) Sinh ra trongqu trnh ch bin.
d) Tt c u ng.
4.3.2. Vi rus
- Hepatitis A, B gy vim gan.
- Nowalk
Vng ni Cc mt s ngi d n mc bnh ho lao, thuc thng thng khng cha
khi nhng khng pht hin ra nguyn nh n. Sau tnh c phng vin pht hin do
ngi d n n cua, c vi thi quen nng, nng khng k nn VSV (Virut)
trong cha cht, ngi n vo nhim vo mu sau i vo phi.
25
4.3.3. K sinh trng v ng vt nguyn sinh.
a) K sinh trng:
- Giun trn (Nematodes) trong rau qu ti sng (nhim t ph n, t).
- Sn l (Trematodes): Clonorchis spp, trc y ngi ta cho rng Sn l ch c
trong loi thy sn nc ngot, nhng hin nay theo ti liu mi cng b ca Y t n
cn c trong rau qu ti, tht b. 90% ngi d n n gi c nhim sn l (Sn l gan,
sn l phi). N nguy him khi cn sng.
- Sn dy (Cestodes): Toenia solium nh si ch di trong rut non, tht ln.
V d: Bng mi nguy ha hc
27
BI 4:
NHNG YU CU TIN QUYT I VI P DNG
HACCP
IU KIN TIN QUYT
- Nh xng.
- Dng c, thit b.
- Con ngi.
CHNG TRNH TIN QUYT
- Qui phm sn xut GMP (Good manufaturing Praties).
- Qui phm v sinh SSOP (Sannitation Standard Operating Procedures).
HACCP
PCP
GMP SSOP
Chng trnh qun l cht lng theo HACCP = H thng qun l cht lng theo
HACCP khc vi k hoch HACCP.
- K hoch HACCP: L k hoch c th cho tng mt hng c th x y dng theo
HACCP.
- Chng trnh HACCP: L ton b cc k hoch HACCP v chng trnh tin
quyt, iu kin tin quyt.
2.3. Cc ch th ca EU
- Ch th 91/493/EEC, 91/492/EEC.
- Ch th 0/77 /EEC (ch th 9 /EEC).
...
2.4. Cc qui nh ca USFDA
- Lut lin bang, CFR.123 Phn 110.
3.3. Yu cu v kt cu nh xng
3.3.1. Kt cu vng chc, d lm v sinh v kh trng.
3.3.2. Vt liu s dng trong phn xng
- Thch hp vi tng loi sn phm.
- An ton v sinh (khng g y c).
- Bn, d bo tr.
- D lm v sinh v kh trng.
3.3.3. Kt cu chnh:
- Nn, thot nc.
- Trn.
- Tng.
- Ca.
- Thng gi.
- Chiu sng.
3.5.2. Nc
Duy tr nhit thp ca nguyn liu v bn thnh phm trong sut qu trnh ch bin.
- Lm t nc sch.
- Thit b sn xut, bo qun, vn chuyn m bo an ton v sinh.
31
4. QUY PHM SN XUT (GMP)
MI QUAN H GIA CC THNH PHN TRONG H THNG QUN L
CHT LNG THEO HACCP
HACCP
GMP SSOP
NGUYN THNH
LIU PHM
Ra 1 GMP 1.2
Bc v GMP 1.3
Ph n c GMP 1.4
Ra 2 GMP 1.5
Lm mt GMP 1.7
Cp ng GMP 1.8
C n/ ng ti PE GMP 1.10
34
MINH HA V HNH THC V NI DUNG CA GMP.
(Tn v a ch X nghip)
QUI PHM SN XUT (GMP)
(Tn sn phm)
GMP (S): (Tn qui phm)
1. Qui trnh:
2. Gii thch l do:
3. Cc th tc cn tun th:
4. Phn cng trch nhim v biu mu gim st.
V D MINH HA V GMP
X nghip ch bin thy sn ABC huyn X tnh Y
QUI PHM SN XUT (GMP)
Tn sn phm: Tm bin luc bc v IQF
GMP 1.5: Cng on ra 2
1. Qui trnh
Sn phm sau khi ph n c c ra 3 ln: ln th nht trong nc sch, ln th 2
trong nc sch c pha Clorine nng 10 ppm v c ra li ln 3 trong nc.
Nhit nc ra 0 4oC. Tm sau khi ra c ro nc pht trc khi chuyn
sang cng on luc.
2. Gii thch/ L do:
Sn phm c ra trc khi gia nhit nhm gim bt lng vi sinh vt trn b mt
v loi b tp cht cn ln trong sn phm.
3. Cc th tc cn tun th:
- Ch s dng nc sch ra sn phm.
- Ch s dng dng c lm v sinh sch s.
- Cng nh n phi v sinh sch s trc khi tip xc vi sn phm.
- Chun b 3 thng nc: i thng 100 lt nc sch, lm lnh bng vy n
nhit 4oC. Thng th 2 pha Clorine nng 10 ppm.
- i ln ra khng qu 3 kg sn phm trong r nha ln lt qua 3 thng nc.
- Khuy o nh tm v gt cc tp cht ra ngoi.
- Thi gian ra mi r khng qu 2 pht.
- Thm sau khi ra khong r.
- Thay nc sau khi ra ti a 10 r.
- Sau khi ra, cc r tm c ro t nht pht trn gi trc khi chuyn sang
cp ng.
- Khng cc r tm chng ln nhau.
4. Phn cng trch nhim v biu mu gim st:
- Qun c chi trch nhim t chc thc hin qui phm ny.
- Cng nhn cng on ra 2 c trch nhim lm ng qui phm ny.
- QC ph trch cc cng on ch bin chu trch nhim gim st vic thc hin qui
phm ny: kim tra nhit nc ra v nng Clorine trc mi ln chun b nc
ra, kim tra cc thng s khc sau mi 30 pht.
- Kt qu gim st c ghi vo bo co gim st cc cng on ch bin (Ra1, Bc
v, Ph n c, Ra 2).
Ngy . thng. nm
(Ngi ph duyt)
35
4.4.THIT LP BIU MU GIM ST
Hiu qu gim st ph thuc vo:
- Biu mu gim st.
- Phn cng gim st.
Yu cu i vi biu mu gim st:
- Tn a ch X nghip.
- Tn biu mu.
- Tn sn phm.
- Ngi gim st.
- c yu cu ca thng s cn gim st.
- Tn sut gim st.
- Cc thng s cn gim st.
- Ngy v ngi thm tra.
Ch :
- Nh sn xut phi kim sot y cc lnh vc m bo an ton v sinh.
- C th thit lp nhiu qui phm cho 1 lnh vc hoc nhiu qui phm cho 1 lnh
vc.
S CUNG CP NC
- Th hin y h thng.
- C s hiu nhn din cc im ly mu nc v tng vi nc s dng. K c nc
ra tay
- Khng c s ni cho gia h thng dn nc ung c v khng ung c
- m bo s nht qun gia s v trn thc t.
H S CHT LNG NC
- S h thng cung cp nc.
- K hoch ly mu nc.
- Kt qu ph n tch mu nc.
- Cc s c, cc phm vi hnh ng sa cha.
- Biu mu theo di gim st v sinh h thng nc.
38
5.3.3. SSOP 3: V sinh cc b mt tip xc vi sn phm
Yu cu: Cc b mt tip xc vi sn phm khng l ngun ly nhim cho sn
phm trong qu trnh ch bin.
CC TH TC THC HIN
- Lm v sinh v kh trng
+ Ha cht, tc nh n thch hp.
+ Phng php ph hp.
+ Tn sut.
- Bo qun, s dng
+ Bo qun ng cch.
+ S dng ng mc ch.
- Ly mu thm tra vic lm v sinh v kh trng.
H S GIM ST
- Nng cht ty ra v kh trng.
- Tnh trng v sinh trc khi s dng.
- Kt qu ph n tch.
XY DNG CC TH TC
- Hot ng bo tr.
- Thc hin v kim sot vic lm v sinh.
- Ly mu thm tra (nu cn).
H S
- Kim sot v sinh hng ngy.
XY DNG CC TH TC
1. Lp danh mc cc ho cht s dng
2. Bo qun
- iu kin bo qun, vn chuyn.
- Dng c cha ng.
- Ghi nhn.
3. S dng
- o to v cch s dng.
- Phn cng ngi chuyn trch.
H S
- Danh mc ho cht.
- Theo di nhp, xut.
- Theo di s dng hng ngy.
40
5.3.8. SSOP 8:Kim sot sc kho cng nhn
Yu cu: m bo cng nhn khng l ngun ly nhim vo thc phm.
Cn trng
ng vt
Gia sc, gia cm gy hi
Gm nhm
H S
- S , k hoch t by, b.
- Theo di vic ngn chn v tiu dit
HNH NG SA CHA
Phi khc phc ngay cc tnh trng v hot ng cha t yu cu:
Khi pht hin s khng ph hp trong qu trnh gim st 10 lnh vc an ton v sinh
ni trn phi thc hin ngay cc hnh ng sa cha ph hp.
Cc hnh ng sa cha c th nu ra trc hoc ty theo cc vi phm thc t
a ra.
thc hin hiu qu cc hnh ng sa cha cn lm tt vn o to v ph n
cng thc hin.
Ghi chp h s v hnh ng gim st v sa cha cc vi phm.
TN QUY PH SSOP S:
1. Yu cu/ mc tiu.
2. iu kin hin nay.
3. Cc th tc cn thc hin.
4. Ph n cng thc hin v gim st.
Ngy thng nm
Ngi ph duyt
42
XY DNG BIU MU GIM ST
Tp hp ti liu cn thit.
X y dng quy phm.
Ph duyt.
o to nh n vin.
Gim st vic thc hin.
Lu tr h s.
V D:
Cng ty CBTS A
a ch: huyn X tnh Y
Tel .. Fax.. Email.
1. YU CU:
CN phi m bo yu cu v sinh c nh n khi sn xut.
2. IU KIN HIN NAY CA CNG TY:
- Hnh lang i vo xng sch s v kh ro.
- Phng thay bo h lao ng:
+ Tch ring khu cao cp, khu hng chn v khu hng thng, khu s ch v khu bao
gi. C mc treo ring cho BHL sch v c nh n.
+ V tr thch hp CN thay BHL vo khu sn xut v thay ra khi i v sinh v ra
ngoi.
+ Cch bit hon ton vi khu ch bin v khng m ca thng trc tip vo khu ch
bin.
+ c b tr ring cho nam v n.
+ rng thao tc.
+ c chiu sng v thng gi tt.
+ C cng nh n chuyn trch cp pht BHL v gi v sinh.
43
- C ni treo ym ng ring bit, phi kh.
- Hp ng git BHL vi c s m bo iu kin v sinh.
- C vi nc ra tay trc khi vo sn xut v nh k trong sn xut:
+ s lng cho 1 0 CN phng cao cp, 120 CN hng chn v 180 CN hng
thng.
+ Vn hnh bng ch n.
+ C bnh x phng nc.
+ C rulo cha khn kh lau tay trc khi vo sn xut v khay ng khn lau tay
sch, d ring ti ni ra tay v sinh.
- C h nc pha CLorine li ng trc khi i vo tt c cc khu vc sn xut.
- Khu v sinh CN:
+ s lng cho 130 CN n phng cao cp, 20 CN hng phng cao cp.
100 CN n hng chn, 20 CN nam hng chn.
160 CN n hng thng, 20 CN nam hng thng.
+ V tr thch hp, c thit b x nc.
+ C van ra tay, x phng, khn lau tay v tr thch hp, ra tay d dng khi
quay v khu vc ch bin.
+ Cu trc thch hp, d lm v sinh.
+ C giy v sinh v dp chuyn dng.
+ C bng hiu nhc nh. Hng dn cc th tc thao tc v sinh nhng v tr quy
nh, khu cng cng.
3. CC TH TC CN TUN TH:
- CN thay BHL khi vo ca: theo th t CN x l thay trc, CN ln hng thay sau,
CN giy dp ln k. Sau treo qun o mc nh ln mc treo ni qui nh. Bc
sang mc qun o BHL (c treo sn trn gi), i m bao kn tc, eo khu trang
kn mi ming. Bc sang phng ym ng, i ng, mc ym, ra tay (theo trnh t ra
tay).
3. Xt cn
Phng bao gi: 30 pht/1 ln.
Cc ca ra vo: Vo gi ngh (nh du X).
Ln tc: u ca 1h/ 1 ln.
44
- Khi ri xng ri tr li khu ch bin vi bt k l do g, khi thay i sang khu vc
khc trong xng ch bin, khi tay b bn, CN phi ra tay ng qui nh.
- Thay BHL khi ra ngoi hay i v sinh: CN treo ym, ng ln gi, treo qun o
BHL ng ni qui nh ri bc sang v tr mc qun o thng, ra ngoi, khng i
dp trn hnh lang.
- Thu gom BHL: cui ca, BHL c tp trung vo thng nha chuyn dng, nh n
vin chuyn trch s a i git, sy kh phng git bn ngoi.
- Ym, ng CN t git, phi kh. Ring ym khi git, ch ra bng x phng phi
nhng ra li bng nc sch v c kim tra bng Phenoltalein. Nc nhng ym
khng lm hng Phenoltalein l t yu cu.
- CN t vt t trc ca u ca phi treo sn qun o, m, khu trang ln phng thay
BHL v thu li nhng b d sau khi CN thay, sp xp v sinh, gn gng phng
BHL.
- Gng tay git sch bng x phng ri c hp tit trng.
- Nh n vin chuyn trch thng xuyn gim st vic thc hin cc qui nh ra tay,
thay BHL, s dng nh v sinh.
+ Lm v sinh h li ng, pha Clorine 200 ppm (c gi sn theo mc nc trong h).
+ V sinh phng thay BHL thng xuyn.
- Chun b y nc ra tay, giy v sinh, khn lau tay, kim tra b sung kp thi.
Git khn 1 ngy/ln. Bo co kp thi tnh trng hot ng ca cc phng tin v sinh
cho ca trng bo sa kp thi cho nh n vin chuyn trch. Thng xuyn v sinh
ton b dng c, thit b trong nh v sinh.
- CN c hng dn c th, kp thi cc quy nh v ra tay v v sinh c nh n v
ni dung bt buc trong chng trnh kim tra tay ngh hng nm. C chng trnh o
to CN mi.
- CN trnh mi hnh vi c th g y nhim thc phm: ht thuc, khc nh, n ung,
ni chuyn, tay ng chm ln ngi. Khng eo trang sc, mng tay ct ngn.
- Cng nh n phi gi v sinh ni cng cng nh nh n, nh ngh, phng thay BHL,
nh v sinh.
- Nh n vin phng KT kim tra, bo tr cc van p ch n, bnh cha x phng 1
thng/1 ln.
6. H S LU TR:
- Biu mu gim st v sinh c nhn KH - KT.03.07.
- Biu mu thc hin ra tay KH KT .01.12.
- Kt qu vi sinh kim tay.
- S theo di trang b BHL, s dng, thanh l.
- Bo co hnh ng sa cha khi c vi phm.
- H s bo tr, sa cha cc thit b v sinh v kh trng.
- i bin bn vi phm, bin php khc phc, h s biu mu SSOP c lu gi
trong thi gian 2 nm.
Ngy xt duyt:
Ngi xt duyt
Kt qu kim tra
Ngy Ngy
stt Ni dung kim tra Nxt & hng sa cha
G C G C
ng vt g y hi
1 Khng hin din trong PX
2 Ngn nga nhim cho
a. ng i ca CN
b. ng i ca nc
c. ng i ca BTP
d. Ha cht trong dc kn,
k hiu ph n bit.
3 Ph liu, nc thi.
a. Ph liu khng b tn ng.
b. Nc thi khng b ng.
c. ng thot nc trong
xng sch.
4 ng gi: sch, nguyn vn.
Khng l y nhim t ca my
5 mc, thit b.
46
Thit b ch bin c bo tr,
6 trong tnh trng tt trnh nhim
tp cht.
7 nh sng , bo tr tt.
8 Nhim cho tim n (nu c).
Nhn xt v hnh ng sa cha
9 QC
47
BI 5:
GII THIU V HACCP
1. KHI NIM V HACCP
HACCP
A Analysis
C Critical
C Control
P Point
HACCP l h thng qun l cht lng mang tnh phng nga, nhm m bo an
ton thc phm v cht lng thc phm da trn vic ph n tch mi nguy v xc nh
cc bin php cn kim sot ti cc im kim sot ti hn.
48
BI 6:
CC BC CHUN B XY DNG K HOCH HACCP
1. THNH LP I HACCP
1.1. Yu cu i vi thnh vin i HACCP:
1. c hun luyn c bn v HACCP.
2. Hiu bit v c kinh nghim v mt hoc vi lnh vc sau:
- Sinh hc, ha hc, vt l.
- Cng tc v sinh.
- Cng ngh ch bin.
- Kt cu nh xng.
- Trang thit b, my mc.
- Cc lnh vc khc.
3. Am hiu tnh hnh thc t ca x nghip.
1.2. C cu i HACCP
1. i din ban gim c x nghip.
2. B phn kim sot cht lng (QC).
3. Mt s b phn khc nh:
- B phn qun l iu hnh sn xut.
- B phn qun l thit b, cng ngh.
4. Chuyn gia t bn ngoi (nu cn).
1.3. S lng thnh vin i HACCP.
Khong t 3 n 9 ngi (ty thuc iu kin c th x nghip).
1.4. Th tc thnh lp i HACCP.
- Quyt nh thnh lp (nu r phm vi hot ng v quyn hn ca i HACCP).
- Danh sch cc thnh vin v ph n cng trch nhim c th.
Tn a ch X nghip
Bng m t sn phm (Description of Product)
STT c im t
1 Tn sn phm
2 Nguyn liu (ghi c tn khoa hc)
3 Cch thc bo qun, v n chuyn v tip
nhn nguyn liu.
4 Khu vc khai thc nguyn liu.
5 t tm tt quy cch thnh phm.
6 Thnh phn khc (ngoi nguyn liu).
7 Cc cng on ch bin chnh.
8 Kiu bao gi.
9 iu kin bo qun.
10 iu kin ph n phi, vn chuyn sn phm.
11 Thi hn s dng.
12 Thi hn by bn sn phm.
13 Cc yu cu v dn nhn.
14 Cc iu kin c bit.
15 Phng thc s dng.
16 i tng s dng.
17 Cc quy nh yu cu cn tu n th.
Ngy ph duyt
Ngi ph duyt.
Khng c b trng 1 mc no.
50
V d: Bng m t sn phm
X nghip X tnh Y
a ch:..
BNG M T SN PHM
STT c im M t
1 Tn sn phm THT GH NG LNH
2 Nguyn liu (tn khoa hc) Gh nhn (Portunus spp), Gh (Portunus haani).
3 Cch thc bo qun, vn Gh nguyn liu thu mua t vng khai thc c
chuyn v tip nhn nguyn gi sng hoc c p nc xay trong cc
liu. thng cch nhit v vn chuyn v ph n xng,
nhit nguyn liu 4oC.
Ti PX gh c kim tra cm quan trc khi a
vo ch bin.
4 Khu khai thc nguyn liu Vng bin Khnh Ha, Ph Yn, Ninh Thun,
Bnh Thun.
5 t tm tt quy cch Tht gh sng nhi mai. Trng lng: 20g, 30g,
thnh phm. 40g, 50g, 70g,100g/mai b vo ti PE.
Tht gh p cng, p i gh. Trng lng:
180g, 240g, 250g/khay.
Tht gh sng ht ch n khng, ng lnh 0,
kg/block.
6 Thnh phn khc Khng c.
7 Cc cng on ch bin Tip nhn nguyn liu Ra 1 Bo qun S
chnh. ch X l g tht Kim tra Ln hng
Ch ng (nu c) Cp ng Bao gi D
kim loi ng thng Bo qun.
8 Kiu bao gi Tht gh nhi mai: 20g, 30g, 40g, 0g, 70g, 100
g/PE, 1 kg/hp, 12 hp/thng carton.
Tht gh p cng, p i: 1 0g, 240g, 2 0
g/khay/ti PE. 32 khay cng c/thng carton.
Tht gh sng, ht ch n khng, ng lnh 0,
kg/block.
9 iu kin bo qun Bo qun sn phm trong kho lnh nhit -
18oC.
10. iu kin ph n phi sn Sn phm c ph n phi, vn chuyn dng
phm ng lnh lun m bo nhit - 18oC.
11. Thi hn s dng 1 thng t ngy sn xut hoc theo yu cu ca
khch hng.
12. Cc yu cu v nhn Tn v a ch ca Cng ty, tn sn phm, kch c,
khi lng tnh, ngy sn xut. Hn s dng. Tn
khch hng.
13. Cc iu kin c bit Khng c
14. D kin s dng Nu chn trc khi n.
15. i tng s dng Tt c mi ngi.
16. Cc qui nh, yu cu phi TC 67/199 /Q BYT, yu cu khch hng, tiu
tu n th chun Cng ty.
Ngy ph duyt:
Ngi ph duyt:
51
3. XY DNG S QUI TRNH CNG NGH
3.1. Mc ch:
S quy trnh cng ngh l cng c quan trng x y dng k hoch HACCP.
3.2. Yu cu:
- y cc bc m sn phm i qua.
- Theo ng trnh t.
- y cc thng s k thut v cc thao tc chnh ti tng bc.
- n gin, r rng.
KI TRA
LY THT
X L AI X L DI, CNG
RA KI XNG
CN - NHI AI P CNG, I GH
CH NG (Nu c)
CP NG
D KI LOI
NG THNG
52
BO QUN
M T QUI TRNH CNG NGH
Tn sn phm: GH SNG NG LNH BOCK.
Cng on Thng s k M t
thut chnh
(1) (2) (3)
o o
Tip nhn nguyn T BQ NL 4 C Nguyn liu gi sng c p xay,
liu. nhit bo qun 4oC v vn chuyn v
xng.
Ti PX gh dc kim tra nhit v cm
quan. Ch nhn NL t yu cu phm cht
ca Cng ty.
o
Ra 1 T nc ra Gh nguyn liu a vo ch bin c
10oC ra trong trng nc sch (100 lt) c nhit
Nng 10oC .
Clorine Thay nc sau khi ra 10 r gh. (1 r
50ppm 2/3).
Ngy ph duyt
Ngi ph duyt.
T bng bit tng cng on v thao tc chnh tng cng on.
53
BI 7:
NGUYN TC 1: PHN TCH MI NGUY V XC NH
CC BIN PHP PHNG NGA
1. PHN TCH MI NGUY L G?
Nhn din tt c cc mi nguy c lin quan n tng cng on trn dy chuyn sn
xut v xc nh nhng mi nguy ng k cn phi kim sot.
i nguy ng k: vt l, ha hc, sinh hc, gim tnh kh dng, tnh gian di kinh
t.
54
Tip nhn nguyn liu (VSV g y bnh hin din)
Sau khi nhn din: Loi ra nhng mi nguy hu hiu bng G P, SSOP.
SSOP: vi sinh vt nhim vo.
GMP: vi sinh vt pht trin.
Ta phi i kim sot mi nguy cn li bng HACCP
2.4. Mi nguy ng k
i nguy c coi l ng k khi:
- Nhiu kh nng xy ra.
- Nu xy ra g y hi cho ngi tiu dng.
K hoch HACCP ch tp trung vo kim sot cc mi nguy ng k.
Khi xc nh mi nguy ng k cn cn c vo:
- Kh nng xy ra (Risk) trong x nghip.
+ Kh nng xy ra thp (rt him khi xy ra, vi ba nm xy ra).
+ Va (tn xut xy ra: 1 nm xy ra t 2 n 3 ln).
+ Cao (tun no, thng no cng xy ra)
- c nghim trng i vi ngi tiu dng khi mi nguy xy ra:
+ Thp.
+ Va (c mi nguy ngi ny b nhng ngi khc li khng b).
+ Cao (c mi nguy ai cng xy ra: v d nh thuc tr s u, Sallmolala).
CC LOI I NGUY
Lit k nh gi
CC I NGUY D
XY RA
GMP v SSOP
CC I NGUY
Bin php phng NG K
nga I NGUY
NG K
CN
N
KIM
SOT
56
BNG PHN TCH MI NGUY
Tn x nghip Tn sn phm
a ch Cch phi ch v bo qun
Cch s dng.
i tng s dng.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
Thnh i nguy cn i nguy Din gii Bin php phng Cng on
phn/cng nhn bit c ng quyt nh nga mi nguy ng ny c phi l
an k khng? ct 3 k xc nh ct CCP (C/K)?
(C/K) 3?
Vt l: Ct sn K - Kim
sot GMP
Ha hc:
Histamine, C - C
Ure
Tip Kim loi nng: C
nhn ch, Hg, ...
nguyn Sinh hc
liu - VSV C Luc K
hin
hu
- K sinh C Soi gp, luc K
trng
Ra Vt l (Khng)
Ha hc
Sinh
hc
Luc Vt l
Ha hc
Sinh hc C Kim sot nhit C
, thi gian
Ngy ph duyt:
Ngi ph duyt:
57
(C/K)?
58
BI 8:
XC NH IM KIM SOT TI HN (CCP)
2. MT S V D V CCP:
2.1V d v cng on c th l CCP m ti mi nguy c ngn nga
- Cng on v tip nhn nguyn liu c th ngn nga nguyn liu b nhim ha
cht x m nhp vo.
- Cng on ch bin c b xung ph gia c th ngn nga vi sinh vt (VSV) pht
trin.
- Cng on ch ng c th ngn nga s pht trin ca VSV g y bnh.
3. C IM CA CCP
- Ti mi CCP c th kim sot mt hoc nhiu mi nguy ng k
VD: CCP tip nhn nguyn liu c th kim sot mi nguy: Histamine, VSV gy
bnh, ha cht bo qun, trong c ng.
- Cc CCP khc nhau c th dng kim sot mt mi nguy ng k
VD: i nguy Histamine trong c ng c th kim sot ti cng on:
+ Tip nhn nguyn liu.
+ Ch ng (nu c).
59
4. CY QUYT NH CCP
CY QUYT NH CCP
Sa i cng on hoc
quy trnh hoc sn phm
C
Khng
C u hi 2a: Cng on ny c C
c thit k c bit nhm C u hi 2b: Vic kim sot
loi tr hoc lm gim n cng on ny c cn thit i
mc chp nhn c kh vi an ton thc phm khng?
nng ny xy ra mi nguy hay
khng?
C Khng
C Khng Khng
C u hi 4: C cng on no sau
cng on ny loi tr hoc lm gim
mi nguy nhn din n mc chp
nhn c hay khng?
Khng C
CCP DNG LI
im kim sot ti hn KHNG PHI CCP
60
BI 9:
V D V GII HN TI HN
4. GII HN HOT NG
L mc nghim khc hn gii hn ti hn, c dng gim thiu nguy c xy ra
s c.
GHTH
0
GHTH
0
0
0
GHTH 0
GHTH
5. IU CHNH QU TRNH
L hnh ng c thc hin a qu trnh tr li khun kh gii hn hot ng.
62
BI 10:
3. NI DUNG TH TC GIM ST
3.1. Gim st ci g (What)
Quan st xem bin php phng nga c c thc hin hay khng.
- Kim tra giy cam kt ngi cung cp nhin liu.
- Quan st hn s dng ca ha cht, ph gia.
o, phn tch mt s thuc tnh ca sn phm hoc qu trnh
- Thuc tnh ca qu trnh.
+ Nhit , thi gian ca qu trnh ch bin.
+ Tc bng chuyn.
- Thuc tnh ca sn phm.
+ PH ca sn phm.
+ nh gi mu, mi sn phm.
3.2. Phng php gim st (HOW)
- Cn c thit k cho kt qu nhanh.
V d:
+ o thi gian, nhit .
+ o Axit, PH..
+ Kim nghim cm quan.
- Dng c gim st ph hp.
V d:
+ Nhit k, ng h, c n.
+ Dng c o m.
+ Giy o Sulfit
+ Dng c o Clorine, PH.
Ch : Dng c chnh xc, phi hiu chun theo nh k.
64
BI 11:
RA HNH NG SA CHA
1. HNH NG SA CHA L G?
(Khi no) c hnh ng sa cha: Khi vt qu gii hn ti hn.
Hnh ng sa cha l cc hnh ng c d kin phi thc hin khi GHTH b vi
phm nhm khc phc hu qu v ngn nga s ti din ca vi phm .
Hnh ng sa cha thng c thit k theo dng (s sai lch l) (th hnh
ng sa cha l).
C Khng
Khng Khng
Ti ch, phc hi
BC 4: Gii php cui cng
- Hy b, loi b.
- Chuyn sang dng sn phm khc.
8. BO CO HNH NG SA CHA
- Nhn din qu trnh v sn phm (m t qu trnh v sn phm, lng sn phm b
c lp).
- t s c.
- Hnh ng sa cha c thc hin k c tnh trng cui cng ca sn phm b
sai st.
- Tn ngi chu trch nhim (trc tip, gin tip), thc hin hnh ng sa cha (a
ch
- nhng ni cn thng bo).
- Cc kt qu nh gi v hnh ng sa cha (nu cn).
66
V d: BO CO HNH NG SA CHA
Ngy . / /2011 L hng s:.
TCP.01.03.05.05.11
M t s c:
10h30, QC pht hin thit b r kim loi KL03 hot ng khng chnh xc, khng
pht hin c s hin din ca mu th kim loi (kch thc 2mm). Ln kim sot
trc ( h00) thit b hot ng tt. Cc sn phm qua my t h00 ti 10h30 c th
ln kim loi.
Hnh ng sa cha:
Ngng my. C lp l hng qua my trong thi gian t h00 n 10h30. Cch ly
l hng, chuyn l hng sang my r kim loi KL02 ang hot ng tt. Gi b
phn k thut kim tra v hiu chnh thit b KL03.
Ngy s c gii quyt xong: 10h00 ngy 6/ /2011.
Kt qu:
- L hng cch ly c r li, pht hin c 2 gi sn phm trong 2 thng hng b
ln kim loi, loi 2 gi sn phm ra v gii phng l hng lc 1 h00 ngy / /99.
- Thit b r kim loi KL03 hot ng bnh thng, pht hin c chnh xc s
hin din ca mu th.
Ngi thc hin Ngy thm tra Ngi thm tra
Nguyn vn A 10/5/2011 Trn Vn X
67
BI 12:
TH TRA (VERIFICATION)
1. THM TRA L G?
L p dng cc phng php, th tc, php th v cc cch nh gi khc nhm
xem xt tnh hp l ca k hoch HACCP v xc nh s tu n th theo k hoch
HACCP trong thc t sn xut.
c ch ca thm tra: Nhm to lng tin rng k hoch HACCP l c c s khoa
hc, ph hp kim sot cc mi nguy v ang c thc thi (ch tin vo nhng g
c thm tra).
68
- C thay i trong phng thc ph n phi hoc phng thc s dng ca ngi tiu
dng.
b) Ai thc hin vic xc nhn gi tr s dng ca h thng HACCP.
- i HACCP.
- Chuyn gia HACCP.
- C quan nh nc c thm quyn.
2.1.2. Thm tra im kim sot ti hn
- m bo cc bin php kim sot ang hot ng thch hp.
- m bo cc thit b o c hiu chun.
- Xc nhn cc mi nguy ang c kim sot v hnh ng sa cha.
- Xc nhn cc mi nguy ang c kim sot thng qua ly mu v kim nghim.
a) Cc hot ng thm tra im kim sot ti hn thng xut hin ct thm
tra trong bng tng hp k hoch HACCP.
- Bao gm:
+ Hiu chun tt c cc dng c o.
+ Xem xt nh gi tt c cc h s hiu chun.
+ Xem xt nh gi mi h s ghi chp trong qu trnh gim st v thc hin hnh
ng sa cha.
+ Ly mu v kim nghim theo tiu ch nh i vi nguyn liu v bn thnh
phm.
Hiu chun thit b:
- m bo:
+ Thit b, dng c c dng trong gim st v thm tra l chnh xc.
+ Tin hnh hiu chun ph hp vi thit b khi pht hin thiu chnh xc.
- Vic hiu chun c thc hin:
+ i vi thit b v dng c dng gim st thm tra.
+ Theo tn sut nhm m bo tnh chnh xc ca cc php o.
V d: Cng nhit k: nhit k thy ng n chnh xc hn nhit k in t. V vy s
dng nhit k thy ng n tn sut o nhit ln hn.
Tn sut ph thuc mc ch s dng.
V d: Trong kh u luc tn sut o nhit nhiu hn trong kh u tip nhn nguyn
liu.
+ Bng cch kim tra tnh chnh xc so vi chun c cng nhn cng iu kin
hoc gn ging iu kin m thit b hoc dng c s c dng.
Xem xt nh gi h s gim st v hiu chun:
- Hot ng gim st c tin hnh ti cc im c th nu trong HACCP.
- Cc hot ng gim st c tin hnh theo tn sut c th nu ra k hoch
HACCP.
- Hnh ng sa cha c tin hnh bt k khi no gim st cho thy c s sai lch
so vi gii hn ti hn.
- Thit b c hiu chun theo nhng tn sut nu trong k hoch HACCP.
Ly mu kim tra:
m bo:
- Cc gii hn ti hn c thit lp l thch hp.
- Chng trnh HACCP ang hot ng hiu qu.
69
t xut Trn d y chuyn
sn xut
LY U
nh k KI TRA Sn phm
cui cng
Nhm xc nhn:
- Vic m t sn phm v quy trnh cng ngh l chnh xc.
- Vic gim st ti cc CCP ang c thc thi.
- i hot ng nm trong tm kim sot (khng vt gii hn ti hn).
- Vic ghi chp s liu chnh xc v c thc hin ngay ti thi im quan st.
2.1.3. Thm tra bin php kim sot trong GMP v SSOP
- Cc h s c hnh thnh khi gim st G P v SSOP cng ging nh h s ghi
chp v cc KSTH u phi c xem xt.
- V d:
GMP gim st nhit trn d y chuyn sn xut.
SSOP v sinh b mt.
- Cc dng c o lng c s dng gim st cc G P v SSOP phi c hiu
chun h s hiu chun cng phi c lu tr v xem xt.
- Vic ly mu v kim nghim theo tiu ch nh cng l ph hp.
Thm tra h thng HACCP.
Thm tra ton b h thng HACCP.
Khi no phi tin hnh thm tra h thng HACCP:
+ Hng nm.
+ Khi c sai li h thng hoc thay i ng k trong sn phm hay qu trnh sn
xut.
Cc hot ng thm tra h thng HACCP bao gm:
a) Xem xt nh gi ton b h thng HACCP (xem xt nh gi chnh thc hng
nm)
- Nhm HACCP hp t nht 1 nm l ln nhm xem xt nh gi cn thn cc th tc
v ti liu ca h thng HACCP.
- c ch ca vic xem xt nh gi :
+ m bo mi thng tin ghi trn ti liu v th tc c cp nht mt cch hon
chnh.
+ iu chnh ci thin trn c s cc xem xt nh gi thm nh thng tin mi.
b) Thm nh ni b l gi?
- Thm nh ni b l vic thu thp thng tin 1 cch h thng nhm khng nh h
thng HACCP ang hot ng v c duy tr.
- Bao gm:
+ Xem xt nh gi cc ti liu v h s ghi chp.
+ Quan st ti hin trng trong x nghip.
c) Cc hnh thc chnh ca thm nh ni b:
- Thm nh ton din h thng HACCP (thm nh 1 ln mi lnh vc ca h thng
HACCP).
70
V d:
nh gi ln u hoc hng nm.
- Thm tra theo ch
Tp trung vo cc lnh vc c th ca h thng HACCP.
V d:
nh gi kh u tip nhn nguyn liu.
Ch : Phn bit s khc nhau gia thm tra ni b v thm nh ni b:
- Thm nh ni b c c im mang tnh c lp.
- Thm nh ni b l cng c hu ch thc hin thm tra ni b.
Biu mu thm nh
- c thit lp theo yu cu/ tiu chun hoc th tc.
- Nhng yu cu c th c chuyn thnh cc c u hi.
V d:
Yu cu: Cc th tc thm tra phi c t liu ha.
C u hi: Trong biu mu thm nh cc th tc thm tra c c t liu ha
khng?
71
2.3. Thm tra t bn ngoi.
Thm tra ca c quan c thm quyn
- L do chnh cn nh gi ca c quan thm quyn l bit c doanh nghip ch
bin thc phm c kh nng duy tr vic sn xut, ph n phi thc phm an ton khng.
- Kt qu nh gi ca c quan thm quyn hu ch vi doanh nghip v: cng c s
phn hi c lp (ci sai li) ca 1 kim tra vin c lp v kinh nghim.
- Kt qu nh gi ca c quan thm quyn phi c i HACCP xem xt khi thc
hin xem xt nh gi i HACCP hng nm.
72
BI 13:
THIT LP TH TC LU TR H S
1. LU TR H S
Lu tr h s l hnh ng t liu ha mi hot ng c thc hin trong k hoch
HACCP nhm m bo rng qu trnh thc hin k hoch HACCP c kim sot.
H S
CCP Kim tra 1
2.
o lng 3.
8. THI GIAN LU TR H S
Thi gian lu tr h s ph thuc vo thi hn s dng ca sn phm.
28 TCN 129 Quy nh phi lu tr h s t nht l:
- 6 thng i vi sn phm ti sng.
- 2 nm i vi hng ng lnh, ch bin.
- 2 nm i vi h s theo di thit b.
LU :
- Trong qu trnh lu tr h s c phng ring, c th mc (file) lu tr h s v
truy cp d dng.
- Hin nay c th s dng my tnh lu tr h s tuy nhin c ch bo mt.
- H s phi dch sang ting anh.
75
V d: BNG TNG HP K HOCH HACCP
Ha hc: - Ch thu mua - Giy cam kt - Xem cam kt - Ban u & nm/ - QC tip n
- D lng nguyn liu ca ca i l. v a vo ln i vi mi mt & ph.KT-K
thuc tr nhng i l, danh sch nh ch i l.
su v ha ngi nui trng cung ng.
cht mi c giy cam kt - Khu vc i - Quan st, - 3 thng/ ln. - Trng
trng v cho thy tm l. phng vn L. - i l ngliu tip KT -KCS h
khng sinh c thu mua t nhn. cn b
cm. nhng vng c - Vng nguyn - Xem cam kt - i l ngliu tip trch thu
Tip kim sot ca liu. ngi nui. nhn. PXCB.
nhn NAFIQUAVED
ng. v d lng cc
liu. cht c hi
khng vt qua
gii hn cho
php.
- i l cam kt - Giy cam kt. - Xem giy
khng dng cam kt v a
khng sinh cm. vo nh gi
nh cung ng.
- Tc nhn - L & ngi - Giy cam kt - Xem giy - Ban u & nm/ - QC thu
Sulfit. nui cam kt ca i l, ngi cam kt i l. ln i vi mi L. ngliu.
ngi cung cp nui. - Xem giy - Ban u & nm/ - PH.KT-
khng dng cc cam kt ngi ln. & tip nhn
tc nhn Sulfite nui. -Trng
trong l hng KT& QC
bo qun ngliu. nhn.
- K.qu m tnh - Giy th - Kt qu giy - i l. - QC tip nh
ca giy th. Sulfit. th.
Hp .
D
kim
loi
76
TRNG I HC NHA TRANG
KHOA CH BIN
B MN QUN L CHT LNG V AN TON THC PHM
HNG DN BTL
M BO CHT LNG V LUT
THC PHM
77
BI TP LN M BO CHT LNG v LUT THC PHM
- Thi gian :
- YU CU I VI SINH VIN:
+ Sinh vin c chia thnh cc nhm c t 3-9 ngi (u tin chn s l).
+ Cc nhm hot ng c lp nh mt i HACCP.
+ Cc nhm chn la cc mt hng khc nhau v cc th trng xut khu khc
nhau. Nh s khc nhau v cc mt hng v cc th trng tiu th m cc nhm s lm
vic c lp v c trch nhim tm kim cc ti liu, vn bn lut, tiu chun, qui nh,
ngh inh lin quan n mt hng v th trng m nhm mnh chn la.
- NHIM V C TH CA NHM:
+ Thnh lp i HACCP (bng).
+ La chn sn phm cho nhm, l do chn sn phm ny.
78
+ La chn th trng tiu th sn phm, cc yu cu ca th trng lin quan n
sn phm (yu cu lin quan n cht lng v VSATTP ca sn phm).
+ y dng bng nh gi iu in tin quyt n ut m t hng nh m
chn:
Bng nh gi T .
Hng d n nh gi.
Bng p loi .
+ X y dng chng trnh G P cho sn phm (SP nhm chn).
X y dng quy trnh cng ngh.
X y dng cc quy phm G P.
X y dng biu mu gim st G P.
Sau khi cc nhm lm bi xong, c lm vic vi gio vin hng dn hon thin
ni dung, cc nhm in v ng thnh quyn vi ni dung:
*******
T n nhm:
Lp:
Tn GVHD:
79
Bn trong Bi tp gm cc phn sau:
+ La chn sn phm cho nhm, l do chn sn phm ny.
La chn th trng tiu th sn phm, cc yu cu ca th trng lin quan
n sn phm (yu cu lin quan n cht lng v VSATTP ca sn phm).
+ Bng nh gi iu kin tin quyt C s sn xut
+ Chng trnh GMP ca sn phm:
S QUI TRNH CNG NGH CH BIN
Tn c s sn xut: .
a ch:
Tn sn phm:...
Cng on 1
Cng on 2
Cng on cui
Quy phm G P:
TN C S SN XUT
QUY PHM SN XUT (GMP)
TN SN PHM
GMP S i.j: TN CNG ON
1. QUY TRNH:
3. CC TH TC CN TUN TH :
Ngy ph duyt: 80
Ngi ph duyt
Biu mu gim st cc quy phm.
BIU U GI ST G P (km theo tn quy phm)
C S SN XUT ...
a ch: ....
Tn sn phm: .......
S quy phm: ....
Ngy sn xut:
Thng s theo yu cu:
Tn sut: .., Ca sn xut:.., ph n xng SX....
K hoch HACCP
BNG 1: DANH SCH I HACCP
Tn c s: ...
a ch: ....
Ngy ph duyt
Ngi ph duyt..
BNG 2: T SN PH
Tn c s sn xut: .
a ch:
c c tnh t
1. Tn sn phm
81
2. Nguyn liu
9. iu kin bo qun
12. Cc yu cu v dn nhn
cn phi tun th
Ngy ph duyt:..
Ngi ph duyt:.
a ch:
Tn sn phm:...
82
Cng on 1
Cng on 2
Cng on cui
Ngy ph duyt:..
Ngi ph duyt:.
i tng s dng:
83
Thnh Xc nh mi nguy i nguy Nhn xt, nh Bin php phng Cng on
tim n x m nhp c ng gi, phn tch nga mi nguy ny c
phn/
vo, c kim k khng din gii cho ng k xc phi l
Cng sot hoc tng ln ? quyt nh nh ct s 3 ? im kim
on cng on ny sot ti
(C/K) nu ct s 3
hn
khng
(C/K)
Sinh hc:
C1 Ha hc:
Vt l:
Sinh hc:
C Ha hc:
Vt l:
Sinh hc:
C cui Ha hc:
Vt l:
Ngy ph duyt:..
Ngi ph duyt:.
84
BNG 6: TNG HP K HOCH HACCP
+ Tn C s sn xut: - Tn sn phm:
+ a ch: - Phng php ph n phi v bo qun:
- D kin s dng:
- i tng s dng:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
im i Cc gii Th tc gim st Hnh H s Thm tra
kim nguy hn ng ghi chp
sot ti ng ti hn Ci g Cch Tn Ai ? sa
hn k ? no ? sut cha
(CCP)
Ngy ph duyt:..
Ngi ph duyt:.
Ngy ph duyt:
Ngi ph duyt:
85