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31 (2014) 179-204
 Anastasios Tantsis

The chronology of the Hodegetria church in Mystras

The church dedicated to the Virgin Hodegetria in the Brontochion

Monastery in Mystras is a key building for understanding transfor-
mations of Palaiologan church architecture. The buildings history is a
complex issue, yet it is dated to the first quarter of the 14 th c. Reexamin-
ing certain peculiarities offers the possibility for a different interpreta-
tion.
The church is the product of two distinct building phases, the sec-
ond connected to the inclusion of fully developed galleries enveloping the
nave. Yet the addition of galleries presupposes the buildings reinforce-
ment, which probably included the construction of the porticos and the
chapels all around.
Of the two chapels to the west, the one to the south, which includes
the painted chrysobulls, seems to have been remodeled in order to in-
clude the staircase leading to the galleries and therefore it needed re-
painting (of which there is evidence). On the other side, the northwest-
ern funerary chapel has two tombs: one belongs to Theodore I Palai-
ologos (d. 1407); the other shows a monk/builder offering the katholikon
to the Virgin. The monk might be Pachomios, yet the building he offers
shows the church in its finished state that includes the south portico and
the bell tower. These two are most probably the latest building additions
and date to the end of the 14th c. More specifically, they share similari-
ties with building techniques found on the Hagia Sophia and the Panta-
nassa church. Thus even if it is Pachomios depicted, this has been done
at a later date closer to Theodores burial, or the monk shown is someone
else responsible for the completion of the building, probably Cyprianos
known for his involvement in decorating the southeastern chapel.
Moreover the narthex decoration, which includes a prominent de-
piction of the Virgin as Zodochos Pege with the young Christ at her bos-
om and her parents Joachim and Anna as supplicants on either side, is
most probably much later in date than has been previously proposed.

31 (2014) 179-204
 199

The iconographic prototype for the Virgin as Zoodochos Pege seems to

have come from Constantinople and was probably adopted in Mystras
late in the 14th c. and was favored by the house of the Palaiologoi who
took over Moreas administration after 1382 with Theodore I. In addi-
tion, the representation of the Virgin as Zoodochos Pege with her par-
ents reinforces its family rather than its burial character.
From the above it seems that the transformation of the building into
a galleried church was carried out in the last part of the 14 th c. in order
to accommodate the presence of Theodore I, the first Palaiologos despot
residing in Mystras. He died as the monk Theodoretos and his burial in
the northwestern chapel indicates his close connection to the monastery
and its katholikon. The narthex decoration was probably initiated by the
despot and his wifes desire for an heir. The fact that the church has two
distinct building phases is further corroborated by the inscription on the
cornice encircling the bema and dividing the ground from the gallery
level; significantly, its text is taken from Haggai: The glory of this latter
house shall be greater than of the former, saith the LORD of hosts.

31 (2014) 179-204
200

1. . -
Hallensleben
(: H. Hallensleben, Mistratypus 106 . 1-2).
 201

2.
-
(: . , -
144 . 19).

3.
(: . , . 30).
202

4.
.

(: P. A. Underwood, The Kariye Djami,. 3, . 552).

5.
-
(: G. Millet, Mistra . 96).
 203

6.

(: G. Millet, Mistra . 99).

7. 5.

8. . -
.
(: G. Millet, Mistra .
25).
204

9. . -

(: G. Millet, Mistra . 24).

10.
.
(: . . , ).