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ACCORDING TO ROAD WORKS SPECIFICATION FOR

ROAD PAVEMENTS:-
1.Concrete cubes of the appropriate size shall be made, cured and tested in
accordance with BS 1881 from concrete delivered to the paving plant, each
set being from a different delivery of concrete. At least 4 cubes (Factory
Production Control) and 3 cores (Control Testing) shall be tested per set for
each 600 m of concrete slab or per day for each type of mix. If the strength
of 12 consecutive cubes meets the requirements of the Specification the rate
of sampling may be reduced to 4 for each 1000 m of concrete slab and not
less than 4 sets of cubes shall be made each day for each type of mix
satisfying the reduction. This rate of sampling and testing may be modified
at the Engineer discretion.
2. For areas of 600m2 or more, one cube shall be tested in compression at 7
days and the other three at 28 days after mixing. Groups of four consecutive
results at 28 days shall be used for assessing the strength for compliance
with BS 5328. For areas less than 600m2, two cubes shall be tested at 7 days
and two tested at 28 days and assessed as in BS 5328.

3. The ratio R between 7 and 28 day strengths shall be established for the
mix to be used in the slab by testing pairs of cubes at each age on at least six
batches of the proposed mix or it shall be quoted by the supplier of the
concrete. The average strength of the 7-day pair of cubes shall be divided by
the average strength of the 28-day pair of cubes for each batch and the ratio
R shall be the average of these six values. The ratio R shall be expressed to
three decimal places.

4. If during the construction of the trial length or during normal working, the
average value of any 4 consecutive 7-day test results falls below the
strengths given in Table below then the cement content of the concrete shall
be increased by 5% by mass. The increased cement content shall be
maintained at least until the four corresponding 28-day tests have been
assessed. If the cement content is increased, the concrete mix shall be
adjusted to maintain the required workability.
Grade of PC mixes, R All mixes R Pfa , ggbs
Concrete not available mixes, R not
available available
N/mm N/mm

C40 35 43 R 29
C30 27 33 R 22
C20 18 22 R 14
C15 13 17 R 11
C10 8 10 R 7
C7.5 5.5 7R 4.5

5. The values in columns 2 and 4 of Table above may only be used when
sufficient test results on trial mixes for calculating the ratio R are not
available. Once sufficient results are available from normal working the ratio
R shall be calculated from the results available on Site.

6. To assess the time for use of a concrete slab by traffic, the strength
development rate may be predetermined by trial mixes. Alternatively pairs
of cubes shall be made for each 600 m or less and stored alongside the
pavement in containers or in such a way that their sides are well insulated. If
thermal insulation is used for accelerated curing the cubes shall be similarly
insulated. Tests for compliance with the specified strength shall be made in
the normal way.

STANDARD PRACTICE FOR SAMPLING FRESHLY

MIXED CONCRETE ACCORDING TO ASTM

Sampling
The elapsed time shall not exceed 15 min. between obtaining the first and
final portions of the composite sample [4].
1. Transport the individual samples to the place where fresh concrete
tests are to be performed or where test specimens are to be molded.
They shall be combined and remixed with a shovel the minimum
amount necessary to ensure uniformity and compliance with the
maximum time limits specified in tests for slump, temperature, and air
content within 5 min after obtaining the final portion of the composite
sample.
2. Complete these tests expeditiously. Start molding specimens for
strength tests within 15 min after fabricating the composite sample.
Expeditiously obtain and use the sample and protect the sample from
the sun, wind, and other sources of rapid evaporation, and from
contamination.

Procedure

1. Size of Sample: Make the samples to be used for strength tests a

minimum of 28 L (1 ft3). Smaller samples are not prohibited for
routine air content, temperature, and slump tests [4]. The size of the
samples shall be dictated by the maximum aggregate size.
2. The procedures used in sampling shall include the use of every
precaution that will assist in obtaining samples that are truly
representative of the nature and condition of concrete sampled as
follows: Sampling should normally be performed as the concrete is
delivered from the mixer to the conveying vehicle used to transport
 the concrete to the forms; however, specifications may require other
points of sampling, such as the discharge of a concrete pump.
3. Sampling from Stationary Mixers, Except Paving MixersSample
the concrete by collecting two or more portions taken at regularly
spaced intervals during discharge of the middle portion of the batch.
Composite the portions into one sample for testing purposes. Do not
obtain portions of the composite sample from the very first or last part
of the batch discharge.
4. Perform sampling by passing a receptacle completely through the
discharge stream, or by completely diverting the discharge into a
sample container. If discharge of the concrete is too rapid to divert the
complete discharge stream, discharge the concrete into a container or
transportation unit sufficiently large to accommodate the entire batch
and then accomplish the sampling in the same manner as given above.
Take care not to restrict the flow of concrete from the mixer,
container, or transportation unit so as to cause segregation. These
requirements apply to both tilting and nontilting mixers.
5. No samples should be taken before 10 % or after 90 % of the batch
has been discharged. Due to the difficulty of determining the actual
quantity of concrete discharged, the intent is to provide samples that
are representative of widely separated portions, but not the beginning
and the end of the load.
6. Sampling from Paving MixersSample the concrete after the
contents of the paving mixer have been discharged. Obtain samples
from at least five different portions of the pile and then composite into
one sample for test purposes. Avoid contamination with subgrade
material or prolonged contact with and absorptive subgrade. To
 preclude contamination or absorption by the subgrade, sample the
concrete by placing three shallow containers on the subgrade and
discharging the concrete across the container. Composite the samples
so obtained into one sample for test purposes. The containers shall be
of a size sufficient to provide a composite sample size that is in
agreement with the maximum aggregate size.
7. In some instances, the containers may have to be supported above the
subgrade to prevent displacement during discharge.
8. Sampling from Revolving Drum Truck Mixers or Agitators, Sample
the concrete by collecting two or more portions taken at regularly
spaced intervals during discharge of the middle portion of the batch.
Take the samples so obtained within the time limit specified and
composite them into one sample for test purposes.

SAMPLING AND TESTING THE CONCRETE ACCORDING THO

BRITISH STANDARED BS 1881-125: 1986

Start the sampling and testing of the concrete as soon as possible after
completion of mixing, without the remixing specified in BS 1881-102, BS
1881-103, BS 1881-104, BS 1881-105, BS 1881-106, BS 1881-107, BS
1881-108, BS 1881-109, BS 1881-110 and BS 1881-113 for concrete
sampled on site. Carry out the required operations during a period of not
more than 1 h from the addition of the water to the cement. For each test on
the fresh concrete, and for making any specimens for hardened concrete
tests, obtain suitable amounts of concrete from the concrete batch heaped
together either in the mixer or on a nonabsorbent surface, ensuring that each
sample is representative of the concrete batch. When not sampled
immediately, protect the fresh concrete against gaining or losing water [5].

1. Apparatus

1. Mixer, rotating pan or tilting drum concrete type of capacity sufficient

to mix batches large enough to provide samples for the tests to be carried
out.

2. Scoop, made from non-corrodible metal at least 0.8 mm thick.

2. Sampling

If bulk samples are supplied, take subsamples for the test portions in
accordance with the relevant British Standard, ensuring that the materials
used in each batch of concrete are representative of the bulk materials.
Where required, samples shall be accompanied by a certificate of
sampling in accordance with the relevant British Standard. Otherwise,
use the materials in the proportions supplied or specified for the mix.
Cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag and pulverized-fuel ash
upon their arrival at the laboratory, store the materials in separate airtight
containers of appropriate size in a dry place. Before use, thoroughly stir
each separate material, either using a hand tool or in a suitable mixer, in
such a manner as to ensure the greatest possible uniformity, taking care
to avoid the intrusion of foreign matter or loss of material.

3. Temperature
 Allow all materials to reach a temperature of 20 5 C before mixing the
concrete.

4. Batching

The quantity of concrete in each batch shall be at least 10 % more than

that required for the proposed tests. For each concrete batch, weigh the
cement, any ground granulated blast furnace slag or pulverized-fuel ash
and the water to an accuracy of 0.5 % or better and the aggregate to an
accuracy of 1 %.

5. Mixing

General Mix the concrete in a room having an ambient temperature of 20

5 C and a relative humidity of not less than 50 %.
REFERENCES:-

2007, : .1
2015 , , .2
3. Specification for Road Works Road Pavements Concrete and
Cement Bound Materials, VOLUME 1
4. ASTM Standards: Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed
Concrete , C 172 04
5. BRITISH STANDARD, Testing concrete: Methods for mixing and
sampling fresh concrete in the laboratory, BS 1881-125: 1986.