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Teach Yourself Electricity
Teach Yourself Electricity
Teach Yourself Electricity
Preface
1 Background Physics
Atoms
Protons, Neutrons, and Atomic Numbers
Isotopes and Atomic Weights
Electrons
Ions
Compounds
Molecules
Conductors
Insulators
Resistors
Semiconductors
Current
Static Electricity
Electromotive Force
Non-Electrical Energy
Quiz
2 Electrical Units
The Volt
Current Flow
The Ampere
Resistance and the Ohm
Conductance and the Siemens
Power and the Watt
A Word about Notation
Energy and the Watt-Hour
Other Energy Units
Alternating Current and the Hertz
Rectification and Pulsating Direct Current
Stay Safe!
Magnetism
Magnetic Units
Quiz
3 Measuring Devices
Electromagnetic Deflection
Electrostatic Deflection
Thermal Heating
Ammeters
Voltmeters
Ohmmeters
Multimeters
FET Voltmeters
Wattmeters
Watt-Hour Meters
Digital Readout Meters
Frequency Counters
Other Meter Types
Quiz
6 Resistors
Purpose of the Resistor
Fixed Resistors
The Potentiometer
The Decibel
Resistor Specifications
Quiz
8 Magnetism
Geomagnetism
Magnetic Force
Magnetic Field Strength
Electromagnets
Magnetic Materials
Magnetic Machines
Quiz
Test: Part 1
9 Alternating-Current Basics
Definition of AC
Period and Frequency
The Sine Wave
Square Waves
Sawtooth Waves
Complex Waveforms
Frequency Spectrum
Fractions of a Cycle
Expressions of Amplitude
The Generator
Why AC and Not DC?
Quiz
10 Inductance
The Property of Inductance
The Unit of Inductance
Inductors in Series
Inductors in Parallel
Interaction among Inductors
Air-Core Coils
Ferromagnetic Cores
Transmission-Line Inductors
Quiz
11 Capacitance
The Property of Capacitance
Simple Capacitors
The Unit of Capacitance
Capacitors in Series
Capacitors in Parallel
Fixed Capacitors
Variable Capacitors
Capacitor Specifications
Interelectrode Capacitance
Quiz
12 Phase
Instantaneous Values
Rate of Change
Circles and Vectors
Expressions of Phase Difference
Vector Diagrams of Relative Phase
Quiz
13 Inductive Reactance
Inductors and Direct Current
Inductors and Alternating Current
Reactance and Frequency
The RXL Quarter-Plane
Current Lags Voltage
How Much Lag?
Quiz
14 Capacitive Reactance
Capacitors and Direct Current
Capacitors and Alternating Current
Capacitive Reactance and Frequency
The RXC Quarter-Plane
Current Leads Voltage
How Much Lead?
Quiz
Test: Part 2
19 Introduction to Semiconductors
The Semiconductor Revolution
Semiconductor Materials
Doping and Charge Carriers
The P-N Junction
Quiz
20 Diode Applications
Rectification
Detection
Frequency Multiplication
Signal Mixing
Switching
Voltage Regulation
Amplitude Limiting
Frequency Control
Oscillation and Amplification
Energy Emission
Photosensitive Diodes
Quiz
21 Bipolar Transistors
NPN versus PNP
Biasing
Amplification
Gain versus Frequency
Common-Emitter Configuration
Common-Base Configuration
Common-Collector Configuration
Quiz
22 Field-Effect Transistors
Principle of the JFET
Amplification
The MOSFET
Common-Source Configuration
Common-Gate Configuration
Common-Drain Configuration
Quiz
23 Integrated Circuits
Advantages of IC Technology
Limitations of IC Technology
Linear ICs
Digital ICs
Component Density
IC Memory
Quiz
24 Electron Tubes
The Main Advantage
Vacuum versus Gas-Filled
Electrode Configurations
Circuit Arrangements
Cathode-Ray Tubes
Tubes above 300 MHz
Quiz
25 Power Supplies
Power Transformers
Rectifier Diodes
Half-Wave Circuit
Full-Wave Center-Tap Circuit
Full-Wave Bridge Circuit
Voltage-Doubler Circuit
Power-Supply Filtering
Voltage Regulation
Voltage Regulator ICs
Switched-Mode Power Supplies (SMPS)
Equipment Protection
Quiz
28 Digital Basics
Numeration Systems
Digital Logic
Binary Communications
Quiz
Test: Part 3
29 Microcontrollers
Benefits
All Shapes and Sizes
General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) Pins
Digital Outputs
Digital Inputs
PWM Outputs
Analog Inputs
Dedicated Serial Hardware
An Examplethe ATtiny44
Programming Languages
Programming a Microcontroller
Quiz
30 Arduino
The Arduino Uno/Genuino
Setting up the Arduino IDE
Programming Blink
Programming Fundamentals
Setup and Loop
Variables and Constants
The Serial Monitor
Ifs
Iteration
Functions
Data Types
Interfacing with GPIO Pins
The Arduino C Library
Libraries
Special Purpose Arduinos
Shields
Quiz
33 Lasers
How a Laser Works
The Cavity Laser
Semiconductor Lasers
Solid-State Lasers
Other Noteworthy Lasers
Quiz
Test: Part 4
Final Exam
Index