PROCESS

1) INTRODUCTION
Vit bng cch paraphrase li cu ca bi (vit li v thay mt s t trong cu ca bi
bng t ca bn)

Cc bn c th s dng cu trc sau:

The chart/diagram (shows/describes/illustrates) how + clause
V d: The diagram shows how fresh apple is canned

2) SUMMARY PARAGRAPH
+ Ch ra c bao nhiu giai on trong process ?
+ u v lm th no giai on bt u v kt thc ?
Cc bn c th s dng cu trc sau:
There are .main stages (steps) in the process/in the process of producing,beginning
withand ending with

3) DETAIL PARAGRAPHS
2 kh thn bi mi ngi m t chi tit tng bc ca process. Xem c process t u n gia
vit cho kh 1, t giai on gia n cui vit cho kh 2.

C my lu sau:
+ Ch paraphrase li cc t ca bi.
+ Khng th hin quan im bn thn trong bi.
+ Vi dng process thng thi gian khng c ch ra trong bi -> s dng hin ti n.
+ S dng cc t m t th t tng giai on. V d:
The first step
The first step in the process is
The first stage in the process is
Subsequent steps
Subsequently,
The process continue with

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The next step is
The final step
The process finishes with ...
The process concludes with ...

V d 1: how bricks are produced

The diagram illustrates the process that is used to manufacture bricks for the building industry.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant.

ANSWER:

The flow chart shows how bricks are produced for, and delivered to the building industry

Overall, there are 7 stages in the whole brick producing process, beginning with clay
excavation and ending with the delivery of the bricks to the customers.

Firstly, clay is dug up by using a big digger. To get rid of the oversized pieces, clay is placed
on a metal grid and small pieces drop onto a large roller. At the next stage, sand and water are
added to the clay. After the bricks are shaped by using a wire cutter or a mould, they are moved
to a drying oven for 24 to 48 hours.

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Those bricks are then fired in a special kiln at a moderate temperature (200c - 980c) at the
fourth step. Afterwards, they continue to be heated for the second time at a higher temperature
(870c - 1300c) in another kiln. Before being packaged at the sixth stage, the bricks are treated
in a cooling chamber for 48 to 72 hours. The entire brick producing process concludes after the
bricks are delivered to customers.
183 words
Written by Ngoc Bach

Vocabulary:
Clay (t st): clay is a type of earth which is very heavy, unlike sand which is
relatively light
Brick (gch): a brick is a rectangular object made by heating clay until it becomes solid.
It is used in many countries to construct houses or other buildings.
Digger (my o): the machine shown in the diagram is often referred to [at least in
the UK] as a JCB. Its function is to dig or to make a hole in the ground.
Excavation (s o): although there are two similar verbs dig and excavate, the
noun excavation is commonly used in the construction industry. It suggests
something on a large scale where we make a big hole in the ground, as in the excavation
of clay for example.
Dug up (o t ly ln): note the irregular past simple tense/and past participle of
the verb dig. Here the phrasal verb dig up is used to mean an activity when we make
a hole in the ground with a machine.
Cutter (my ct): in the same way as a digger is something which digs, a cutter is
something which cuts. In this case, the cutter is made or wire or thin metal as shown
in the diagram.
Mould (khun): a mould is an object which is used to form a shape. In this case, the
sand and water mixture is placed in a mould to make the shape of a brick.
Fire (la): the verb fire has several meanings. Here, it refers to the action of heating
an object made from clay.
Kiln(l sy): a kiln is similar to an oven, but it has a different function. An oven is
used for cooking or heating food usually in the home. A kiln like the one in the
diagram is usually used in industrial processes for making some material very hard.
It can be used in different processes at really high temperatures for heating things, to
make iron for example.

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 Chamber (bung): the process in the diagram shows that the bricks are very hot when
they go into this closed space or chamber. They undergo cooling they become less
and less hot.

Dch i

V d 1: Qu trnh sn xut gch

S pha di minh ha cho qu trnh sn xut gch phc v ngnh cng nghip xy dng.
Bn hy tng hp thng tin bng cch chn lc v im li nhng nt chnh, a ra cc so
snh nu cn thit.

P N:

S trn th hin qu trnh sn xut gch cho ngnh cng nghip xy dng.

Nhn chung, c 7 bc chnh trong ton b qu trnh sn xut gch, bt u vi cng on

o t st v kt thc vi vic giao gch cho khch hng.

u tin, ngi ta dng mt my o ln o t st ln. loi b nhng cc qu kch

c, t st c t trn mt tm li kim loi v nhng mu nh s ri xung bng chuyn
ln. bc tip theo, ct v nc c thm vo trong t st. Sau khi gch c nh hnh
bng cc my ct hoc khun, chng c chuyn ti mt l kh t 24 n 48 gi.

Nhng vin gch ny sau c nung trong mt l sy c bit nhit va phi (200-
980 C) ti bc th 4. Sau , chng tip tc c nung ln th 2 nhit cao hn (870-
1300 C) trong mt l sy khc. Trc khi c ng gi bc th 6, gch c x l
mt phng lnh t 48-72 gi. Ton b qu trnh sn xut gch c hon thin khi gch c
giao ti cho khch hng.

V d 2: water cycle
The diagram below shows the water cycle, which is the continuous movement of water on,
above and below the surface of the Earth.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.Summarize the information by selecting and
reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

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ANSWER:
The chart illustrates the circulation of water in nature.
Overall, it is clear that there are three main stages in this process, beginning with the
evaporation of water and the formation of a cloud.. The next step shows the waters journey
after falling to the ground and the process ends with salt water intrusion.
At the first step of the process, as a result of the sun s heat, water evaporates into the air. It is
estimated that 80% of total water vapour is taken from the ocean. Following this, a cloud is
formed by the condensation of water vapour.
In the next stage, the heavy clouds cause rain or snow. Water from the precipitation partly
pours into the lakes or can be absorbed into the ground. The surface runoff which is made from
rainwater creates the groundwater and then flows back to the ocean without reaching the
impervious layer. The final stage of the process is the salt water intrusion where water from
the ocean moves to the freshwater aquifers.

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171 words
Written by Ngoc Bach

Translate:

V d 2: vng tun hon nc

S pha di th hin vng quay ca nc bao gm s chuyn ng khng ngng ca nc
trn, trong v di b mt tri t.
Bn nn dnh khong 20 pht cho bi vit ny. Bn hy tng hp thng tin bng cch chn lc
v im li mt s nt chnh, a ra cc so snh nu cn thit.
Bi vit t nht 150 t.

P N:
S trn minh ha vng tun hon ca nc trong t nhin.
Nhn chung, c 3 giai on chnh trong qu trnh ny, m u vi s bc hi nc v hnh
thnh my, Bc tip theo th hin qu trnh nc ri xung t v s xm nhp ca nc
mui bin.
giai on u ca qu trnh, do sc nng ca nh nng mt tri, nc bc hi ln khng
trung. c tnh 80% lng nc bc hi l t bin. Tip theo , my c hnh thnh bi s
ngng t ca hi nc.
Trong giai on k tip, cc m my nng tru hi nc gy ra ma hoc tuyt. Nc t
nhng cn ma 1 phn vo cc h hoc hp th vo lng t. Dng chy nc ma trn
mt t to ra cc mch nc ngm chy li v bin do c cc lp khng thm nc. Giai
on cui ca qu trnh l s xm nhp ca nc bin ti ni nc bin gp cc tng nc
ngm trn.

T vng:
circulation of water [s lu thng ca nc, vng quay ca nc]: the circulation
of water refers to the motion of the water, how it moves from one location to another;
in this case, it refers to the water cycle.
Example: His explanation of the circulation of water was spot on.
beginning with [bt u vi]: starting with; a good way to talk about consecutive items
Example: There are three parts to this project, beginning with a visit to the museum
this weekend.
formation of [s hnh thnh ca]: the formation talks about when something is formed
or comes about or is created; in this case the cloud is formed or created.

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 Example: They were waiting for the formation of the team to occur.
falling to the ground [ri xung t]: in this case it is talking about the water falling
to the ground when it rains; to fall means to start from one place and go down towards
the ground, the earth
Example: The leaves were falling to the ground during the windstorm.
as a result of [kt qu ca]: as a consequence of; to explain the reason of something
Example: As a result of all his studying, he aced the exam.
estimated that [c lng rng]: to make an educated guess at something;
Example: They estimated that it would take them 2 years to finish the project.
following this [tip theo ]: used to describe the next thing in a sequence; like after
this or next
Example: He will first need to take the exam and then following this, he will be given
a six-month internship.
goes into [tr thnh, xm nhp]: describes the movement of something, in this case,
the water
Example: The pollution goes into the river and kills the fish.
to be absorbed into the ground [c thm vo lng t]: in this case it is talking
about the water going into the ground, being soaked into the ground, into the dirt
Example: The rainwater wasnt absorbed into the ground and therefore a mudslide
occurred.
surface runoff [dng chy trn mt t]: Surface runoff is water, from rain, snowmelt,
or other sources, that flows over the land surface, and is a major component of the water
cycle.
Example: They tried to calculate the amount of surface runoff that had occurred.

V d 3: life cycle of a frog

The diagram below shows the life cycle of a frog.

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Task 1 plan:
paraphrase task heading, using some different words.
summary paragraph key features [1] 7 stages [2] 1st stage - mating; final stage
adult frog
paragraph 3: stages 1-4 from mating to tadpole develops.
paragraph 4: stages 5-7 from young frog to fully adult frog ready to mate again.

The diagram illustrates the different stages of development of a frog during its life cycle.
Overall, there are seven stages shown in the process, beginning with mating and ending with
the development of an adult frog.
To begin with, a male and female adult frog mate. The female frog then lays a large number
of eggs in the water, shown as frogspawn. In the third stage, the frogspawn hatches and small
tadpoles emerge. Over a period of time, these small tadpoles grow bigger and their limbs begin
to form.
By the fifth stage, the tadpoles start to grow into young frogs. Although they still live in the
water, their tails are shorter than before and their limbs develop significantly. When this young
frog becomes mature, it has no tail and its four limbs are fully developed. It is then ready to
leave the water and it continues to grow in size. In the final stage, the frog is fully adult and is
ready to mate. The cycle will then continue again.
(170 words)

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Translate:

V d 3: Vng i ca ch

S pha di m t dng i ca ch.

Dn bi vit:
Din gii li yu cu ca bi, s dng cc cu trc khc
Din t li tng qut biu c im chnh: [1] 7 giai on [2] giai on 1 kt
i; giai on cui - ch trng thnh
on vn 3: giai on 1-4 t khi kt i n s pht trin ca nng nc
on vn 4: giai on 5-7 t ch con n ch trng thnh sn sng kt i

P N:
S trn minh ha nhng giai on khc nhau ca qu trnh pht trin ca loi ch trong
sut vng i ca chng.
Nhn chung, c 7 giai on trong qu trnh ny, bt u vi vic kt i v kt thc vi s pht
trin y ca ch trng thnh.
Khi u l mt con ch c v ci trng thnh kt i vi nhau. ch ci sau trng
di nc, to thnh cc m trng ch. Trong giai on th 3, trng ch bt u n v nhng
con nng nc nh xut hin. Sau mt thi gian, nhng con nng nc nh ny tr nn ln hn
v cc chi ca chng bt u hnh thnh.
Ti giai on th 5, nng nc bt u pht trin thnh cc con ch con. Mc d chng vn
sng di nc, ui ca chng dn tr nn ngn hn trc v cc chi ca chng pht trin
mnh. Khi ch con trng thnh, chng mt ui v 4 chi c pht trin hon thin. Lc ny
chng sn sng ri khi nc v tip tc ln hn v kch c. Trong giai on cui, ch hon
ton trng thnh v sn sng kt i. Vng i tip tc quay li nh lc u.
T vng:
mating: [noun] [kt i] the act of having sex between animals.
Example: In the UK, the time of mating for frogs is in spring.
hatches: [verb] [n ra] comes out of an egg.
Example: The hen sat on her eggs until the young chicks hatched.
emerge: [verb] [m ra, ni ln] come out of a dark, confined or hidden place.
Example: After ten days trapped underground, the workers finally emerged into the
daylight.
limbs: [noun] [cc chi tay chn] arms and/or legs.
Example: For a long time after the accident, he could not use his limbs, but the doctors
and nurses helped him to walk and use his arms again.

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V d 4: solar panels
The diagram below shows how solar panels can be used to provide electricity for domestic
use.

Mi ngi ch bi solar panels y l bi mu ca Simon, mnh ngh l rt c ch cho

mi ngi khi tham kho v dng process. Mnh vit thm phn plan v gii thch t
vng gip mi ngi hiu v vit bi d hn

Task 1 plan:
paraphrase task heading, using some different words.
summary paragraph key features [1] 5 stages [2] step 1 get energy from the sun
[3] final two steps connection to power supply outside the house.
paragraph 3: describe first three stages.
paragraph 4: describe last two stages.

The picture illustrates the process of producing electricity in a home using solar panels.
It is clear that there are five distinct stages in this process, beginning with the generation of
energy from sunlight. The final two steps show how domestic electricity is connected to the
external power supply.
At the first stage in the process, solar panels on the roof of a normal house take energy from
the sun and convert it into DC current. Next, this current is passed to an inverter, which changes

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it to AC current and regulates the supply of electricity. At stage three, electricity is supplied to
the home from an electrical panel.
At the fourth step shown on the diagram, a utility meter in the home is responsible for sending
any extra electrical power outside the house into the grid. Finally, if the solar panels do not
provide enough energy for the household, electricity will flow from the utility grid into the
home through the meter.
(163 words)
Written by Simon (ielts-simon.com)

Dch i (mang tnh tham kho)

V d 4: Cc tm nng lng mt tri

S bn di th hin cch thc s dng cc tm nng lng mt tri cung cp in
cho cc h gia nh.
Dn bi vit:
Din gii li yu cu ca bi, s dng cc cu trc khc
Din t li tng qut biu c im chnh: [1] 5 bc [2] bc 1 hp th
nng lng t mt tri [3] hai bc cui kt ni vi nng lng bn ngoi
on vn 3: m t 3 giai on u
on vn 4: m t hai giai on cui

P N:
Bc tranh bn di minh ha cho qu trnh sn xut in gia dng s dng cc tm nng lng
mt tri.
Hin nhin c 5 giai on khc bit trong qu trnh ny, bt u t vic hp th nng lng
mt tri. Hai bc cui ch ra ngun in gia dng c kt ni vi ngun in nng cung cp
bn ngoi nh th no.
bc u ca qu trnh, cc tm nng lng mt tri trn mi nh hp thu nng lng t
mt tri v chuyn chng thnh dng in mt chiu. Tip theo, dng in ny c chuyn
qua mt b i pha thnh dng in xoay chiu v kim sot ngun cung dng in. Ti bc
th 3, in c cung cp trc tip cho gia nh t mt t bng in.
At the fourth step shown on the diagram, a utility meter in the home is responsible for sending
any extra electrical power outside the house into the grid. Finally, if the solar panels do not
provide enough energy for the household, electricity will flow from the utility grid into the
home through the meter.
Ti bc th 4 trn s , mt cng t mt o cng nng in s dng trong nh c nhim v
cung cp ngun in bn ngoi vo li in. Cui cng, nu tm nng lng mt tri khng
cung cp in cho cc thit b in trong nh, in s chy t cc li in vo h gia nh
qua cng t mt.

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Vocabulary:
distinct: [adjective] [ring bit, khc bit, r rng] clearly different or of a different
kind.
Example: In Australia, the culture of native people is completely distinct from Western
culture.
generation: [noun] [s sinh ra, s pht in] the production of something, such as
energy, electricity or heat.
Example: In France, nuclear power is the principal source for the generation of
electricity.
external: [adjective] [bn ngoi] located on the outside of something [in this case, the
house].
Example: The external walls of the building were painted a red colour.
current: [noun] [lung, chiu, hng ca dng in] the movement of electricity
through a wire.
Example: The light bulb will only function when an electrical current is passed
through the connecting wire.
regulates: [verb] [kim sot] controls the speed, pressure, temperature or amount of
something in a machine or system.
Example: The barrier regulates the amount of water which passes through it.
the grid: [noun] [li in a national system of electrical wires for sending power over
the area of the whole country.
Example: The development of the countrys grid enabled all households to have a
supply of electricity.
flow: [verb] [lung, chy] move steadily and continuously in a given direction.
Example: Electricity flows through the wires to supply all the homes, shops, offices
and factories in the city .

V d 5: life cycle of the honey bee.

The diagram shows the life cycle of the honey bee.

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Mi ngi ch bi life cycle of the honey bee ny l bi mu ca Simon, mnh ngh l
rt c ch cho mi ngi khi tham kho v dng process. Mnh vit thm phn plan v
gii thch t vng gip mi ngi hiu v vit bi d hn

Task 1 plan:
paraphrase task heading, using some different words.
summary paragraph key features [1] life cycle 34-36 days [2] 5 main stages [3]
1st stage laying eggs, last stage maturity.
stages 1 and 2: [1] eggs are laid and [2] hatched
stages 3 5: [3] moulting at 5,7 and 9 days [4] young bee emerges [5] after another
4 days it is mature and females lay more eggs.

Now that the students have fully understood what they want to write, they can focus on the
report itself:

The diagram illustrates the various stages in the life of a honey bee.

The complete life cycle lasts between 34 and 36 days. It is also noticeable that there are five
main stages in the development of the honey bee, from egg to mature adult insect.

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The life cycle of the honey bee begins when the female adult lays an egg; the female typically
lays one or two eggs every 3 days. Between 9 and 10 days later, each egg hatches and the
immature insect, or nymph, appears.

During the third stage of the life cycle, the nymph grows in size and sheds its skin three times.
This moulting first takes place 5 days after the egg hatches, then 7 days later, and again another
9 days later. After a total of 30 to 31 days from the start of the cycle, the young adult honey
bee emerges from its final moulting stage, and in the space of only 4 days it reaches full
maturity.

(165 words)

Written by Simon (ielts-simon.com)

Translate:

V d 5: vng i ca loi ong mt

S di y th hin vng i ca ong mt.

Dn bi vit:
Din gii li yu cu ca bi, s dng cc cu trc khc
Din t li tng qut biu c im chnh: [1] vng i ca ong 34-36 ngy [2]
5 giai on chnh [3] giai on 1 trng, giai on cui trng thnh
Giai on 1 v 2: [1] trng c sinh ra v [2] n
Giai on 3-5: [3] lt xc lc 5 ngy, 7 v 9 ngy [4] ong con n ra [5] sau 4 ngy
th trng thnh v ong ci tip tc trng

P N:
S trn minh ha nhng giai on khc nhau trong vng i ca loi ong mt.

Mt vng i hon thin ca ong mt ko di t 34 ti 36 ngy. ng ch l c 5 giai on

chnh trong s pht trin ca loi ong mt, t lc cn trong trng ti khi l mt sinh vt trng
thnh.

Vng i ca loi ong mt bt u khi ong ci trng thnh trng; thng thng c cch
3 ngy chng li t 1-2 trng. 9-10 ngy sau, mi qu trng s n v nh du s xut hin
ca mt u trng hay nhng trng thnh.

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Trong sut giai on 3 ca vng i, u trng ln nhanh v kch c v tri qua 3 ln lt xc.
Ln lt xc u tin din ra sau 5 ngy k t lc trng n, tip theo l 7 ngy, v thm 1
ln 9 ngy na. Sau tng cng 30-31 ngy t khi bt u vng i, ong con xut hin sau ln
lt xc cui cng, v chng mt thm 4 ngy hon ton trng thnh.

T vng:

mature: [adjective] [trng thnh] fully grown and developed.

Example: The tree which I planted 20 years ago is now mature.
hatches: [verb] [trng n] comes out of an egg.
Example: The hen sat on her eggs until the young chicks hatched.
immature: [adjective] [cha trng thnh] not fully grown or developed.
Example: The oranges on this tree are still immature, so do not eat them yet.
sheds: [verb] [rng lng, lt xc] loses something naturally, like skin or hair.
Example: As they grow, snakes shed their skin several times.
emerges: [verb] [xut hin] comes out of a dark, confined or hidden place.
Example: After ten days trapped underground, the workers finally emerged into the
daylight.
maturity: [noun] [s trng thnh] the state of being fully grown or developed.
Example: These young trees that we have planted will take 50 years to reach maturity.

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