smedia Aver 18 875 (Part 3) : 2015 Indian Standard vert ait drerisit & fe feast cis ( aie at ater) — tif aieat FT 3 Fal AK (aera Freier) Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures — Code of Practice Part 3 Wind Loads ( Third Revision ) Ics 91.10.10 © BIS 2015 area ane at BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS “aris Wer, 9 mee at Mt, AE FrecH-110002 MANAK BHAVAN, 8 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG ‘NEW DELHI-110002 April 2015 Price Group 14Structural Safety Sectional Committee, CED 37 FOREWORD ‘This Indian Standard (Part 3) (Third Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards after the draft Thalized by the Strucurl Safety Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. ‘Avoiding bas to perform many functions satisfactorily Amongst these functions are the wily ofthe building Tae the tended use and occupancy, structural safety, fice safety and compliance with hygienic, sanitation, ser con and daylight standards, The design of the buding is dependent upon the minimum requirements uurbed foreach one ofthe above futons. The minimum requirements peraning tothe structural sfety of buildings are being covered in loading codes ‘by way of laying down minimum design loads, which have to be ‘assumed for dead loads, imposed loads, wind loads and other ‘external loads, the structure would be required to bear. Strict conformity to loading standards, it is hoped, will not ‘only ensures the structural safety of the ‘buildings aoa earcisce which are being designed and constructed in the country and thereby reduce los of life and rspety caused by unsafe structures, but also eliminates the wastage caused by assuming uancoessrly heavy Toadinge without proper assessment. “This standard was fist published in 1957 forthe guidance of civil engineers, designers and architects associated qrth the planning and design of uildings.Itinchuded the provisions fr the basic design Toads (dead loads, live Toads, wind loads and seismic loads) tobe assumed inthe design ofthe buildings. In its fist revision in 1964, the vind pressure provisions were modified onthe basis of studies of wind phenomenon and its effect on structures, vndertaken by the special Committe in consultation withthe Indian Meteorological Department. In adition to this now elaases on wind loads fr butterfly type structures were included; wind pressure coefficients for sheeted ees poth covered and sloping were modified; seismic load provisions were deleted (separate code having been prepared) and metic system of weights and measurements was adopted. “With the increased adoption of this standard, a number of comments were received on provision af live loads Mopted for different occupancies. Subsequently the Committee recommended the formulation ofthis standard in the following five parts during the second revision of IS 875 in 1987: Part 1 Dead loads Part2_ Imposed loads Part3 Wind loads Part 4 Snow loads Part 5 Special loads and load combinations ‘his standard (Part 3) deals with wind loads tobe considered when designing buildings, structures and components thereof. {a this current revision, the Committee recommends the following modifcations/inclusions by aking ito account therevent improvements that have been made in the wind engineering descriptive, through R & D efforts nationally ‘and internationally: 2) Aerodynamic roughness hcights fr individual terran categories have been explicitly included, and are tised to derive turbulence intensity and mean hourly wind speed profiles. 'b) The previous clasification of structures into B and C classes has been deleted and accordingly tbe ‘modification facto, k, is renamed as terrain roughness and height factor. ©) Thovalues ofl factor coresponding to previous clas type structure only, are retzined in this standard. {An additional modification factor, termed as importance factor has been included for cyclonic regions. «Simple empirical expressions have been suggested for height variations of hourly mean wind speed and also turbulence intensity in different terrains. (Continued on third cover)1 875 (art 3) : 2015, Indian Standard DESIGN LOADS (OTHER THAN EARTHQUAKE) FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES — CODE OF PRACTICE PART 3 WIND LOADS (Third Revision ) 1 SCOPE 1.1 This standard (Part 3) specifies wind forces and their effects (static and dynamic) that should be taken into account when designing buildings, structures and ‘components thereof. 1.2 Wind speeds vary randomly both in time and space and hence assessment of wind loads and response predictions are very important inthe design of several buildings and structures. A large majority of structures met with in practice do not however, suffer wind induced oscillations and generally do not require to be ‘examined for the dynamic effects of wind, For such normal, short and heavy structures, estimation of loads using static wind analysis has proved to be satisfactory. ‘The details of this method involving important wind characteristics such as the basic wind speeds, terrain categories, modification factors, wind pressure and ferce coefficients ete, are given in 6 and 7. 1.3 Nevertheless, there are various types of structures of their components such as some tall buildings, chimneys, aticed towers, cooling towers transmission towers, guyed masts, communication towers, long span bridges, partially or completely solid faced antenna dish, ot, which roquire investigation of wind induced oscillations. The influence of dynamic velocity fluctuations on the along wind loads (drag loads) for these structures shall be determined using Gust Factor Method, included in 10. A method for calculation of across wind response of tall buildings and towers is included in 103, 14 This standard also applics to buildings or other structures during erection/construction and the same shall be considered carefully during various stages of crection/construction. In locations where the strongest winds and icing may occur simultaneously, loads on structural members, cables and ropes shall be calculated by assuming an ice covering based on climatic and local experience. 1.5 In the design of special structures, such as chimneys, overhead transmission line towers, etc, specific requirements as specified in the respective Codes shall be adopted in conjunction with the provisions of this Codo as far es they are applicable. Some of the Indian Standards available forthe design of special structures are: ISNo. 4998 : 2015 Tite Criteria for design of reinforced concrete chimneys : Part 1 Assessment of loads (third revision) (ender print) Code of practice for design and construction of steel chimneys Mechanical aspects Structural aspects Code of practice for design, installation and maintenance of overhead power lines : Part 2 Lines above 11 kV, and up to and including 220 KY, Section 1 Design Code of practice for use of structural steel in overhead transmission line towers: Part | Materials, Loads and permissible stresses, Section 1 Materials and Loads (fourth revision) (under print) Criteria for structural design of reinforced concrete natural draught cooling towers ‘Guidelines forthe evaluation of the response of occupants of fixed structures, especially buildings and off-shore structures, to low- frequency horizontal motion (0.063 to Hz) 6533 (Part 1): 1989 (Part 2) : 1989 5613 (Part See 1) 21985 802 (Part 1/ See 1): 201* 11504: 1985 14732: 2000 NoTEs 1 This standard docs not apply to buildings or sewers with ‘unconventional shapes, unusual locations, and abnormal savionmental couditons that have aot been covered in this ‘Code. Special lvestigations are necessary in such exses to ‘vuablish wind louds and their effets. Wind taael studies my ‘alo be required in such sinutions. 2 ln the cae of tll structures with unsymmtrcal geometry, the deignt tty bave tobe checked fr torsional eo dae wind reser18875 (Part 3) : 2015, 2. REFERENCES ‘The following standard. contains provisions, which through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid, All standards are subject (0 revision, and partis to agreements based on this standard ere encouraged to investigate the possibility ‘of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated. ISNo. Title 15498 :2004 Guidelines for improving the ‘eyclonic resistance of low rise houses ‘and other buildings/stractures 3 NOTATIONS 3:1 The following notations shall be followed unless “otherwise specified in relevant clauses. Notations have ‘been defined in the text at their first appearance, A few of the notations have more than one definition, having been used for denoting different variables: 1A = surface area of a structure or part of & structure; effective frontal arca; the effective frontal area of the building st height z3 b= breadth of a structure or structural member normal to the wind stream in the horizontal plane: B, = background factor; C, = drag coefficient; Cy: = force coefficient; Cy = normal force coefficient; transverse force coefficient; frictional drag coefficient; ent; external pressure coefficient; internal pressure coefficient; ccross-wind force spectrum coefficient; irag force coefficient of the building corresponding to the area 4, ‘cefficient, which depends on 0,,used in the evaluation of fy factor: d= depth of a structure or structural member parallel to wind stream in the horizontal pressure coeff planes d, = wake widt D = diameter of cylinder or sphere; wind energy factor; ‘along wind load on the building/structure at any height 25 force normal to the surface; first mode natural frequency of the bulding/ siructure in along wind direction in Hz; ‘f: = first mode natural frequency ofthe building! structure in across wind direction in Hz; J, = vortex shedding frequency; F, = normal force: FR, = transverse force; fictional force; = gust factor; peak factor for resonant response; peak factor for upwind velocity fluctuations; = hight of structure above mean ground level; height of development of a velocity profile ata distance x down wind from a change in terrain category; LH, = height factor for resonant response; H = height above mean ground level on the ‘topography feature; turbulence intensity; turbulence intensity at height & in terrain category is turbulence intensity at height z in terrain category; interference factor, ‘mode shape power exponent; ‘wind speed modification factors; hourly mean wind speed factor; {force coefficient multiplication factor for individual members of finite length; = area averaging factor; = combination factor; = wind directionality factor; length of the member or larger horizontal dimension of a building; actual length of upwind slope; 1, = effective length of upwind slope; 1, = integral turbulence length seale at the height he ‘mg = average mass per unit height ofthe structure; M, = design peak along wind base bending ‘moment; “M, = design peak across wind base bending ‘moment; cffective reduced frequency: design wind pressure;P_ = design wind pressure at height 2; B, ~ design hourly mean wind pressure corresponding to V4; P= extemal pressure; >, = internal pressure; r= roughness factor which is twice the Jongitudinal turbulence intensity at height; Reynolds number; 5 = level on a building/structure for the evaluation of along wind load effects; J = factor, which depends on H and X, used for the evaluation of & factor, S, = strouhal number; $ = size reduction factor; Y, = regional basic wind speed; V, = design wind speed at height 2; ¥, = design hourly mean wind speed; a esign hourly mean wind speed at height z; Ty = hourly mean wind speed at height z; vw = lesser horizontal dimension ofa building, ora suctural “member; bay width in muli-bay buildings ‘peak acceleration at the top of the building! ‘structure in along wind direction, in m/s*; x * distance own wind fom a change intern category; X = distance from the summit or crest of topography feature relative to the effective length, Ly peak acceleration atthe top ofthe building/ ‘structure in across wind direction; a height or distance above the ground; aerodynamic roughness height for i* terrain; 2 = offective height of the topography feature; @ = inclination of the roof to the horizontal; 8 = damping coefficient of the building? structure; shielding factor; factor to account for the second order turbulence intensity; soliity tio; effective solidity ratio; average height of the surface roughness; 8, = upwind slope of the topography feature in the wind direction; and 6 = wind angle from a given axis, Ss IS 875 (Part 3) : 2015 4 TERMINOLOGY For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply. 4.1 Angle of Attack — An angle between the direction of wind and a reference axis ofthe structure, 4.2 Breadth — It means horizontal dimension of the building measured normal to the direction of wind. [NOTE — Breadth und depth sre dimensions measured in ‘elation ote direction of wind, wheres Tength and width ae ‘imensons related to the pit, 43 Depth — It means the horizontal dimension of the building measured in the direction of the wind. 44 Developed Height — It is the height of upward penetration ofthe velocity profile in a new terrain. At large fetch lengths, such penetration reaches the ‘gradient height, above which the wind speed may be taken to be constant. At lesser fetch lengths, a velocity profile of a smaller height but similar to that of the fully developed profile ofthat terrain category has to be taken, with the additional provision thatthe velocity at the top ofthis shorter profile equal to that of the un- penetrated earlier velocity profile at that height. 4.5 Effective Frontal Area — The projected area of the structure normal to the direction of wind, 4.6 Element of Surface Area — The area of surface over which the pressure coefficient is taken to be ‘constant. 4.7 Force Coefficient — A non-dimensional coefficient such that the total wind force on a body is the product of the force coefficient, the dynamic pressure of the incident design wind speed and the reference area over which the foree is required. [NOTE — When the fre is nthe dection ofthe incident ‘wind he aon-dimeraonal coefficient wil be elle e“dreg Ceeficiat Whea tke face is perpendiclr tthe dtection ‘fiasident wind te noniesinal cocticient will becaled {Rocce 48 Ground Roughness — The nature of the earth's surface as influenced by small scale obstructions such as trees and buildings (es distint from topography) is called ground roughness. 4.9 Gust — A positive or negative departure of wind speed from its mean value, lating for not more than, say, 2 min over a specified interval of time. 4.10 Peak Gust— A peak gust or peak gust speed is the wind speed associated with the maximum amplitude. 41 Fetch Leagth — It is the distance measured slong the wind from a boundary at which a change in the ype of terain occurs. When the changes i terrain types are encountered (such as, the boundary of a town18875 (Part 3) : 2015 or city, forest, ete), the wind profile changes in Character but such changes are gradual and start at round lve, spreading or penetrating upwards with increasing fetch length. 4.12 Gradient Height — It is the height above the ‘mean ground level at which the gradient wind blows as a result of balance among pressure gradient force, coriolis foree and centrifugal force. For the purpose of this Code, the gradient height is taken as the height above the mean ground level, above which the variation ‘of wind speed with height need not be considered. 4.13 High Rise Building (Tall Building) — A building with a height more than or equal to 50 m or having a height to smaller dimension more than 6. 4.14 Low Rise Building — A building having its height less than 20 mu. 15 Mean Ground Level — The mean ground level is the average horizontal plane of the area enclosed by the boundaries ofthe structure. 4.16 Pressure Coefficient — It is the ratio of the difference between the pressure acting at a point on the surface and the static pressure ofthe incident wind tothe design wind pressure, where the static and design ‘wind pressures are determined atthe height of the point considered after taking into account the geographical location, terrain conditions and shielding effect. The pressure coefficient is also equal to [1-V,/V,)", where V, isthe actual wind speed at any point on the structure ‘ata height corresponding to that of V_ [NOTE — Positive sgn ofthe pressure coefficient indicates ress acting tard the ste and neptive sign iia Drssre acting say from he roriace 4.17 Return Period — It is the number of years, reciprocal of which gives the probability of extreme find exceeding a given wind speed in anyone year. 4.18 Shielding Effect — Shielding effect or shielding refers to the condition where wind has to pass slong, some stricture(8) or structural elements) located on the upstream wind side, before meeting the structure ‘or structural element under consideration. A factor called ‘shielding factor’ is used to account for such effects in estimating the force onthe shielded structures, 4.19 Suction — It means pressure less than the atmospheric (static) pressure and is taken to act away from the surface. 420 Solidity Ratio — It is equal to the effective area (projected area of all the individual elements) of a frame normal tothe wind direction divided by the area ‘enclosed by the boundary of the frame normal to the wind direction. [NOTE — Solty ratio isto be caleultd for inividul rames, 4.21 Terrain Category — It means the characteristics of the surface iregularties of an area which arse from natural or constructed features. The categories are numbered in increasing order of roughness. 422 Topography — The nature ofthe earth’ surface as influenced by the hill and valley configurations. 4.23 Velocity Profile— The variation ofthe horizontal component of the atmospheric wind speed at different heights above the mean ground level is termed as velocity profile. 5 GENERAL 5.1. Wind is airin motion relative to the surface ofthe carth, The primary cause of wind is traced to earth's rotation and differences in terrestrial radiation. The radiation effects are primarily responsible for ‘convection either upwards or downwards. The wind ‘generally blows horizontal tothe ground at high wind speeds. Since vertical components of atmospheric ‘motion are relatively small, the term ‘Wind’ denotes, almost exclusively the horizontal wind; vertical winds are always identified as such. The wind speeds are assessed withthe aid of anemometers or anemographs \Which are installed at meteorological observatories at heights generally varying from 10 to 30 m above round 5.2 Very strong winds (more than 80 kmph) are generally associated with cyclonic storms, ‘thunderstorms, dust storms oF vigorous monsoons. A. feature of the cyclonic storms over the Indian area is that they rapidly weaken after crossing the coasts and move as depressions/lows inland. The influence of a severe storm after striking the coast does no; in general ‘exceed about 60 ki, though sometimes, itmay extend. even up to 120 km. Very short duration hurricanes of ‘very high wind speeds called Kel Baisaki or Norwesters. ‘ovcur fairly frequently during summer months over North East India, 53 The wind speeds recorded at any locality are extremely variable and in addition to steady wind at any time, there are effects of gusts which may last for 1 few seconds. These gusts cause increase in air pressure but their effect on stability of the building may ‘not be so important; oten, gusts affect only part of the ‘building and the increased local pressures may be more than balanced by a momentary reduction inthe pressure ‘elsewhere. Because ofthe inertia ofthe building, short period gusts may not cause any appreciable increase in stress in main components of the building although ‘the walls, roof sheeting and individual cladding units (lass panels) and their supporting members such as putlins, sheeting rails and glazing bars may be more seriously affected. Gusts can also be extremely important for design of structures with high slendernessratios, ‘SA The liability of « building to high wind pressures. depends not only upon the geographical location and proximity ofother obstructions to airflow butalso upon the characterises ofthe structure itself, ‘585 The effect of wind on the structure as a whole is. determined by the combined action of external and internal pressures acting upon it. In all eases, the calculated wind loads act normal tothe surface t6 which they apply. 5.6 The stability calculations asa whole shall be done ‘considering the combined effect, as well as separate effects of imposed loads and wind loads on vertical surfaces, roofs and other part of the building above general roof level. 5.7 Buildings shal also be designed with due attention to the effects of wind on the comfort of people inside and outside the buildings, 6 WIND SPEED 6.1 Nature of Wind in Atmosphere In general, wind speed in the atmospheric boundary layer increases with height from zero at ground level fo maximum at a height called the gradient height. ‘There is usually a slight change in direction (Ekman effect) but this is ignored in this standard. The variation with height depends primarily on the terrain conditions. However, the wind speed at any height never remains constant and it has been found convenient to resolve its instantaneous magnitude into ‘an average or mean value anda fluctuating component ‘round this average value. The average value depends oon the average time employed in analyzing the meteorological data and this averaging time varies from few seconds to several minutes. The magnitude of fluctuating component of the wind speed which is called gust, depends on the averaging time. In general, smaller the averaging interval, more isthe magnitade of the gust speed. 62 BASIC WIND SPEED Figure 1 gives basic wind speed map of India, as applicable to 10 m height akovesniean ground level for different zones of the country. Basic wind speed is based on peak gust velocity averaged over ashort time interval of about 3 s and corresponds to mean heights above ground level in an open terrain (Category 2). Basic wind speeds presented in Fig. 1 have been worked out for a 50 year return period. Basic wind speed for some important citiestowns is also given in Annex A. 1S 875 (Part 3) : 2015, 63 Design Wind Speed (V,) The basic wind speed (V,) for any site shall be obtained from Fig. | and shall be modified to include the following effects to get design wind speed, V, at any height z, for the chosen structure: a) Risk level, ) Terrain roughness and height of structure, ©) Local topography, and 4) Importance factor for the cyclonic region. ean be mathematically expressed as follows: Yam Voki kabky where = dosign wind speed at height z in mis; 4k, = probability factor (risk coefficient) (see 63.1); ky ~ terrain roughness and height factor (see 63.2); 4b, = topography factor (see 6.33); and +h, = importance factor for the eyelonie region (see 6.3.4). NOTE —Wind peed maybe ake ss constant up hele ‘£1 However, reser buldlng les tb 10. igh iy be reduced by 20 pce fo evseating aby ee stn ofthe amine 63:1 Risk Coefficient (k; Factor) — Figure 1 gives basic wind speeds for terrain Category 2s applicable at 10 m above ground level based on SO years mean return period. The suggested life period to be assumed in design and the corresponding f, factors for different class of structures forthe purpose of design are given in Table I, Inthe design of buildings and structures, a regional basic wind speed having a mean return period of 50 years shall be used except as specified in the note of Table 1 63.2 Terrain, Height Factor (k; Factor) 6 Selection of terrain categories shall be made with due regard to the effect of obstructions which constitute the ground surface roughness. The terrain category used in the design of a structure may vary depending, ‘onthe direction of wind under consideration. Wherever sufficient meteorological information is available about the nature of wind direction, the orientation of any building or structure may be suitably planned, A Terrain ‘Terrain in which a specific structure stands shall be assessed as being one of the following terrain categories: 4) Category 1 —Exposed open terrain with fow ‘or no obstructions and in which the average1935 Par): 2018 MAP OF INDIA SHOWING BASIC WIND SPEED PAKISTAN Y MYANMAR. Snepon une Our a a Rey othe smn on nap as ond om beh Cnsey Ass egw ssn creo efx ts hat cee oe ibe er ‘alti bins ree eel ne Pann Urs Hanhand edged Pads ee ec eb Goreme ae=ret i. BAS Wn SEED (BASED ON S-EARS REFORX Psion) rig of any object moaning the tne) Cirgor2- Open tain with ell catered ‘ls it 1S The gular ‘kutuctns having ets geal etree ‘ough ors ean 002 {Stata 10m Thelen ser tm. Typlaly is carey repre peo roughness igi (a) fr tus era Is ‘Pasonsand at pins wo oe Ona° mn for measurement of regional basic wind speeds and represents airfields, open park lands and undeveloped sparsely built-up outskirts of towns and suburbs. Open land adjacentto sea coast may also be classified as Category 2 due to roughness of large sea waves at high winds. Category 3— Terrain with numerous closely 18875 (Part 3) : 2015 bbuildings/structures up to 10 m in height with ‘or without a few isolated tall structures. The ‘equivalent aerodynamic roughness height, (Gas) fortis terain is 0.2 m. ‘This category represents well wooded areas, ‘and shrubs, owns and industrial areas full or partially developed, Tis likely thatthe, next higher category than spaced obstructions having the size of Gis SHERERteats aclien eatons ‘Table 1 Risk Coefficients for Different Classes of Structures in Different Wind Speed Zones (Clause 6.3.1) sr ‘Gis ofStroctare Mens Protable Factor for ase Wind Speed Na. Design Life of ms Structre in Years a = ee ee) o ® ® 6 6 © Oo © 9 All geal buldings nd srvetires 2 19 10 10 10 40 10 Ih) Temporary sheds stucares sich as thse used during 5 DR 076 O73 O71 0% 067 onsrain operations (or example, formork and fle work sucurs during consrton stage and boundary ‘ale i) Blldings an sce presenting ow degre of za 25 09% 092 091 090 09 089 tifa propery i the event of flue, such slated towers in eoded ares, lam buildings other than reset bangs iv) Important Suldings ond stuctures such as fospits 100 10s 105 107 107 408 1.08 ‘communiston Dogingstowers, power pln srucaes, [NOTE — Tie factor, based on statistical concept which ake no acccunt the degre of eibilityrequted and period oftime in ‘years daring which thse wil be exposed to wind hte of the stuture. Whatever wind speed i adopted for design purposes, there is always a probbiity(Gowever sell) tt may exced in a storm of exceptional violence; more the period of years over ‘nih thee is exposure tothe wind more isthe probability. Larger tum perio ranging from 100 to 1 C00 year (implying lower Tsk eve) in esecaion wt large periods of exposure may have tobe selected for exceptionally important structures, sch a, ‘cleat power cessor and stelite communication ters. Equation given below may be used in such ares estimate, factors for {liferent periods of expovure and choen probability ofexcetarce (sk level). The probability level of 063 isnoemally considered Sufcien for Geog of buildings and strictures eghnst wind effects and the values ok comesponding to this risk level are given shove ee Ah i aoa here 1 = mean probsbe design if ostuste in yeas, [Py ~ isk level in consecutive yours (probability thatthe ddign wind spend is exceded atleast once in saceessive yeas), nominal value= 03, Kup ~ xreme wind peed forgiven values of Vand Py: and Yana) 7 exteme wind speed for N= 50 years and Py=063 Aan B have the following Yalues oe diferent base wind speed zones Zo0e a B mis ms is 3 23.1832) 2662) » 233840) 39140) “ 244 (80) 50(180) ” 244 (80) 57@05) 0 247 (@88) 63@28) ss 2520008) 76a73) * Values oF A and B in mph are given racket.15 875 (Part 3) : 2015 and that selection of a more severe category will be deliberate 4) Category 4— Terrain with numerous large high closely spaced obstructions. The equivalent aerodynamic roughness height, (a) for this terrain is 2.0 m, This category represents large city centers, generally with obstructions above 25 m and well developed industrial complexes. 6.3.2.2 Variation of wind speed with height in diferent terrains (, factor) ‘Table2 gives multiplying factors (F,) by which theb ‘wind speed given in Fig 1 shall be multiplied to obtain the wind speed at different heights, in each terrain category. ‘Table 2 Factors to Obtain Design Wind Speed Variation with Height in Different Terrains (Clause 63.2.2) ‘ST Hiight Terrain and Heit Mater) Ne a ——_ = Termin Terai Tersin Torin Ccuegary 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 o ° © © © Qs a i) 18 109105 os? w 2% 12 1oy to a) ise eta e ie eetabr a te ce ie eri vy 1 1260 12k 130.0 vi) 150 130128138 vid 20000132130 aa a 20. 1413219 ) 01s kak 0 18s kL mi) 4000135013534 xi) 4500133381358 sy 00138138138 [NOTE — Fo nermadite aves of eight =n gin train category, use linear interpolation 63.23 Terrain categories in relation to the direction of wind ‘The terrain category used in the design of a structure may vary depending on the direction of wind under consideration. Where sufficient meteorological information is aailablo, the basic wind speed may be ‘varied for specific wind direction. 6.3.24 Changes in terrain categories ‘The velocity profile for a given terrain category does not develop to full height immediately with the commencement of that terain category but develop radially to height (,) which increases with the fetch oF upwind distance (x). 4) Fetch and developed height relationship — ‘The relation between the developed height (and the fetch (2) for wind-flow over each ofthe four terain categories may be taken as siven in Table 3. b) For structures of heights more than the developed height (A) in Table 3, the velocity profile may be determined in accordance with the following: 1). The lessor east ough terrain, or 2). The method described in Annex B. Table 3 Fetch and Developed Height Relationship (Clause 63.2.4) Face Developed Hah, ne a) ™ in TevainTerainTemain__ Toxin Category Cateseey 2 Calgon) 3 Category 4 oo © o 8 © yoga aye las) re i) 0s 30 9s Dl iat 10 foes 190 jaar 200 wy 1 450 vi) DD 500 vi) 5080 50 63.3 Topography (ky Factor) The basic wind speed Y, given in Fig, 1 takes into account the general level of site above sea level. This docs not allow for local topographic features such as hills, valleys cliff, escarpments, or ridges which can significantly affect wind speed in their vicinity. The elfect of topography is to accelerate wind near the summits of hills or crests of cliffa, escarpments or ridges and deceferate the wind in valleys or near the foot of clifs, steep escarpment, or ridges. 63.3.1 The effect of topography shal be significant at 1 site when the upwind slope (0) is more than about 3°, and below that, the value of &; may be taken to be ‘qual to 1.0. The value off is confined inthe range of 1.0 to 1.36 for slopes more than 3°, A method of evaluating the value of fy for values more than 1.0 is ‘given in Annex C. It may be noted that the value of varies with height above ground level, at a maximum near the ground, and reducing to 1.0 at higher levels, 634 Importance Factor for Cyclonic Region (ky ‘The east coast of India is relatively more vulnerable for occurrences of severe cyclones. On the West coast, Gujarat is vulnerable for severe cyclones. Studies ofwind speed and damage to buildings and structures point tothe fact thatthe speeds given in the basic wind speed map are often exceeded during the cyclones. The effect of cyclonic storms is largely felt in a belt of approximately 60 km width at the coast. In order to ‘ensure better safety of structures inthis region (60 km ‘wide on the east coast as well as on the Gujarat Coast), the following values of k, (as recommended in 1S 15498) are stipulated as applicable according to the ‘importance ofthe structure: ke Structures of post-cyclone importance for 1.30 ‘emergency services (such as cyclone shelters, hospitals, schools, communication towers, etc) Industral structures Las All other structures 1.00 64 Hourly Mean Wind Speed ‘The hourly mean wind speed at height z, for different terrains ean be obtained as ? rah, where #4 ~ hourly mean wind speed factor for terrain category 1 oxas[al 2) ‘The design hourly mean wind speed at height z can be obtained as: Faas Tak ask ¥, 6.5 Turbulence Intensity ‘The turbulence intensity variations with height for different terrains can be obtained using the relations given below: 8) Terrain category 1 1, =0.3507-0.0535log,,| (2) b) Terrain category 2 1 taehy+Mlata) 6) Terrain caegory3 3 T= lag +5 (leah) 4) Terrain category 4 1,4 =0.466-0.135 8 log. 18 875 (Part 3) : 2015, 6.6 Off Shore Wind Velocity Cyclonic storms form far away from the sea coast and sgradually reduce in speed as they approach the sca ‘coast. Cyclonic storms generally extend up to about 60 kin inland after striking the coast. Their effect on land is already reflected in basic wind speeds specified {in Fig. 1. The influence of wind speed off the coast up to a distance of about 200 km may be taken as 1.15 ‘times the value on the nearest coast in the absence of any definite wind data, The factor 1.15 shall be used in addition to k, 7 WIND PRESSURES AND FORCES ON BUILDINGS/STRUCTURES 7A General ‘The wind load on a building shall be calculated for: 8) Building as a whole, ) Individual structural elements as roofs and walls, and ©) Individual cladding units including glazing and their fixings. 7.2 Design Wind Pressure ‘The wind pressure at any height above mean ground level shall be obtained by the following relationship between wind pressure and wind speed: 0602 where ‘P, ~ wind pressure at height z, in N/m’; and V, = design wind speed at height z, in mis. The design wind pressure p,can be obtained as, De KKK D where K, = wind directionality factor, K, = aren averaging factor, and K, = combination factor (see 7.3.3.13). The value of py however shall not be taken as less than 0.70 p,. NOTES 1 Te coein0.6 (in STi nth shoe forma pend ta emumberofictos aod muinyon he atone peers fd sr temperatre. The vale chosen corrpends tthe ‘verge nea snoopber conten 21K, shosl be taken as 1.0 when coniering local presare efter. 1.2.1 Wind Directionality Factor, K, Considecing the randomness in the directionality of wind and recognizing the fact that pressure or force coefficients are determined for specific wind directions, itis specified that for buildings, solid signs, open signs,15875 (Part 3) : 2015 Iaitice frameworks, and trussed towers (triangular, square, rectangular) a factor of 0.90 may be used on the design wind pressure, For circular or neer-circular forms this factor may be taken as 1.0. Forthe eyelone affected regions also the factor Ky shall be taken as 1.0. 122 Area Averaging Factor, Ky Pressure coefficients given in 7.3 are a result of averaging the measured pressure values over a given area. As the area becomes larger, the correlation of measured vals decrease and vice-versa. The decrease in pressures due to larger areas may be taken into account as given in Table 4 ‘Table 4 Area Averaging Factor (K,) (Clause 7.2.2) SUNa Tributary Area(A) Area Averaging Factor ™ Kay ® @ o. D 10 10 Ey 38 a9 i 2100) a8 Lines interpolation or termediate value of pei 722A Tributary area 4) Overall structure — For evaluating loads on frames the tributary area shall be taken as the centre to centre distances between frames ‘multiplied by the individual panel dimension in the other direotion together with overall pressure coefficients. Individual elements — For beam type ‘elements, purlins, et, the tributary area shall be taken as effective span multiplied by spacing. The effective span is the actual span for mid span and cantilever load effects; and half the sum of adjacent spans for support ‘moments and reactions. For plate type elements, the area of individual plates between supports is taken as the tributary area. » For glass cladding, individual pane ares of glass isthe tributary area. 73 Pressure Coefficients ‘The pressure coefficients are always given for @ particular surface or part of the surface ofa building. ‘The wind load acting normal to a surface is obtained ‘by multiplying the area ofthat surface or its appropriate portion by the pressure coefficient (C,) and the design ‘wind pressure at the height of the surface from the ‘ground. The average values of these pressure coefficients for some building shapes are given in 7.3.2 and 733. 10 Average values of pressure coefficients are given for cfitical wind diretions in one or more quadrants. In frder to determine the maximum wind load on the building, the total load should be calculated for each of the ertcal directions shown from all quadrants. ‘Where considerable variation of pressure occurs over surface, it has been sub-divided and mean pressure coefficients given for each ofits several pats. In addition, areas of high local suction (negative ‘pressure concentration) frequently occurring near the edges of walls and roofs are separately shown. Coefficients forthe local effets should only be used for caleuiation of forces on these local areas affecting roof sheeting, glass panels, and individual cladding ‘units including thet fixtures. They should not be used for calculating force on entire structural elements such as roof, walls or structure as a whole. NOTES 1 The pressure coeficens given in diferent tables ve been ‘blined mainly rom messiements on models in wind tune! hd the great mjerty of data svalble has been obtained in Conditions of relatively mach ow. Where sulcent eld (Eis exits as sn he cae of rectangular tung, valoes have teen obtained to allow for turbulent flow: 2 tn reser eas, wall lazing and cladding design has ben & Source of najor concern. Atnough of less consequence than the collapse of min structures, damage to glass can be Haare and ease considerable franca loses 3 For pressure coefficients for structures not covered here, Tefeence ay be made to epcilst Iiteraure on he subject ‘Sr advce way be sought fom epsilon the sbject. 73.1 Wind Load on Individual Members ‘When caleulating the wind load on individual structural elements such as roofs and walls, and individual cladding units and their Gittings, itis essential to take ‘account of the pressure difference between opposite faces of such elements or units. For clad structures, it is, therefore, necessary to know the intemal pressure as wel a the external pressure. Then the wind load, F, acting inadirection normal to the individual structural ‘element ot cladding unit is where oe Ge 4 extemal pressure coefficient, intemal pressure coefficient, = surface area of structural element or cladding unit, and Py ~ design wind pressure, ‘NOTES 1 ie surface design pressure vvies with eight, the surfoce reas othe scr element maybe sub-divided so thatthe fpeeied peste se taken over appropriate ares 2 Positive wind load indicates the force acting towards the Structural element and negate ey from i32 Internal Pressure Coeffeionts ‘ntemal sir prescure in a building depends wpoa the degree of permeability of cladding tothe flow of ai. ‘The internal air pressure may be positive or ncgative depending on the direction of flow of sir in eclation to openings inthe buildings. ‘TA21 Inthe case of buildings where the claddings pemnit the flow of air with openings not more than shout S percent ofthe wall area but where there are m0 large openings. itis necessary to consider the possibilty ofthe internal pressure being positive ornegative. Two design conditions shall be examined, one with an iniemal presse coefficient of +0.2 and another with an eternal pressure coetfickent of 0.2. ‘The internal pressure cocfficienitis algebraically added ta the extemal pressure coefficient and the analysis ‘which indicates greater distress of the member shall bbe adopted, [n most situntions a simple inspection of the sign of external prescure will at once indicate the proper sign of the internal pressure cocfficicat t9 b= takes for design, [NOTE — The term norms pesmsailiy retest the Bow of Iie commoniy ace by clings aot only Broach open ‘lows and doar balsa trough the abt ound te iced ‘hedows el door and through ehimieys,wentiators and Ihecogh te ints Between re coverings, tal epen ea beng leon than § percent ef tea of tbe walls morn he pening. 7322 Buildings with medium and lane openings 25 with mediam and large openings may also either positive or negative intemal pressure ‘depending upon the direction of wind. Buildings with medium openings between about 5 and 20 percent of ‘wall area shall be examined for an internal pressure coefficient of 40.5 and later with aa intemal presse coefficient of -0.5, and the analysis which produces eater distress of the member shail be adopted, Buildings with lege openings, thai, openings larger ‘an 20 percent of the wall arca shall beexamined once with an inlernal pressure eseficient of 0.7 and again ‘with an intemal pressure coefficient of 0.7, and the analysis which penduces greater distress ofthe messber shall’be adopted. ‘Buildings with one open side or opening exceeding: 20 percent of wall area may be assumed to be subjerted to iaternal postive pressure or suction similar io those ‘of buildings with lame openings, A few examples of ings with one side openings are-shown in Fig. 2 indicating valoes of internal pressure coefficients with respect tothe direction of wind. 7.83 External Pressure Coefcionts 733.1 Walls “The average extemal pressure coellicient forthe walls 15 975 (Part): 2015, of clad buildings of rectangular pan shall be as given in Table 5. in addition, focal pressure concentration cocficien are also given. 732 Pitched, hipped and mono slope roots of clad buildings ‘Theaverage extemal pressure coefficients anf pressure concentration coefficients for pitched roofs of rectangular clad building shall be as given in Table 6. ‘Where no pressure concentration coefficientsare given, the average coefficients shall apply. The pressure coefficients on theunder-tie of any overhanging r00F hull be taken in accordance with 73.3.5. For mgs slope roof of rectangular clad buildings, the average pressure coefficient and pressure ‘concentration coefficient for moa slope (lem-o) rf of rectangular clad buildings shall be as given in Table 7 nares 1 The pressure cencenraioe al be assumed to at outa oct pees) aah rigs cues, commices aad 8" comers Stoo. 2 The gmeuure concentration stall aat be inde wih she set ener prsare when computing, eral tad 3 For tizoed ool, pessure coon fneoding local “ales way be taker on al he four sepes appeaprmte Fon Tie 6 and be reduced 8y 20 potent forte hp Hope 23.3.3 Canopy roofs with (U4 < hhw <1 and 1 < lie =3) “The pressure coefficients are given in Tables $ and 9: separately for mano-piteh and double iteh eanopy roots Such as open-air parking garages, shelcrarcas, door areas, railway platforms, siadia and theatres. TRE coefficients take into account of the enmbinad effect of the wind exerted on and under the roof for all wind directions; the resultant is to be taken normal 10 the ‘canopy. Where the local coefficients ovedlap the greater Of the two given values should be taken. However, the cffect of partial closures of one side and or both sides. such a¢ those due to trains, buses and stored materials shall be foreseen and taken into aeeunt. “The solidity ratio fis equal tothe area of obstructions under the canopy divided by the gross area under the ‘canopy, both arcas narmal 19 he wind direction. f= @ represents a canopy with ao obstructions underneath f= represents the canopy fully blockod with contests to the downwind caves. Values of C, for interediane solidites may be linearly interpolated between these two extremes, and apply upwind of the position of maximum blockags only, For downvrind ofthe postion of maximom bloekage, the coefficients for f =0 may be used. {In addition tothe forces duc tothe pressures normal to the canopy, there Will b horizontal loads on the canopy18 675 (Part3) +2015 ae =e, £8] ea aa 4 ' L |) t 1 ete ETT 4 8 By faroR [*! (FOR [74 (FOR 2 24, USE AVERAGE VALUES (ARROWS INDICATE DIREGTION OF WIND FLOW) Fra, 2 Buunnsos Ware One: Sine Onesies1S 875 (Part): 2015 ‘Table S External Preisure Coefficients (C,,) for Walls of Rectangular Clad Buildings (Clause 13.3.1) » fee owe 1 Jraes jas |-a9s jars = co [pos foe bows [ars Nore ‘nvsthe hgh a cave or prger, the gree orzo dimension a hing and be fesse Panwa dimensions of 2 hung 131887S (Bart 3) #2015 stable 6 External Pressure Coefficients (Cpe) fo Pitched Roofs of Rectangalar (Clad Buildings (Clause 7.3.3.2) S = ener ae “ie Cj Ce aD = ro et ‘ peed i pede 2 wa revrLaN pohordisw cheer er nore ire the beh eve pape ad w is threes intl darn of x aig 12 Where wo leet eneTiciens are grea, ie overall etc ely 3 ne ne cout nrc pen Cosas en mth a spite ‘ie ued [ee dimeesoes bere the wala choking ePA“whe 7 Extra Preure Cacicent (Cpe) fr Masstope Reo of cieigacqumene Fey | wars ars 3)23015 | (Clause 7.33.2) ys heroasw ‘Whichever a tha bene NOTE: rea H and area Lrnferto tne whole quadrant. me Loca, coerrcienrs < | [= (pe) a tle We ese mle aa | s [eta -a5|-10 -o9[-12|-og|-00 -so|-a8 -10|-20]-25 20|-20 BE Sapa aia eet alee 8/8 cad SEU43 S312 [G8 on © elelel= z @ |-0s |-08 we |sor| sos [oe |-o2 |-o2 |-08 |-o3 |-o4 oo |.03 [04 |-03 | -04 Farel| — rora:cp Top= 10. Gp botom=-02 “Tangenaly acting fiction: R gg = 0.05 bd 915 875 (Part 3): 2015 Table 11 Pressure Coefficients (Top and Bottom) for Piiched Roofs, Reof c=30° ‘with effects of Train or Stored Material {Clause 73.3.3) WS Reet sepe a = 30° ‘Efocts of tins or stored materia 8 = 07-45", oF 138" = 1807, 0, 0, E" tall length. 6 = 80", 0.0.6. part lang. by thereafter y= 0 PRESGURE COEFRICENTS,C,, END SURFACES | Wecems [torad wre ole |e) e vor | soe [-or |+as -o1 | sos |-os | sos soa |-05 |-04 | -05 -03 | -o8 | +o4 | -o8 soa [+02 | +03} -o4 For J: Gp Tope-1, Gp botiom= 05 Tangential actng Rietion: R gr 0,05 q bet18875 (Part 3): 2015 “Table 12 Pressure Coefficients (Top and Battom) for Pitched Roofs, = 10° 0F-45", D, 2, EE fll ene, 9.0.0, E,E part feng bt thereafter C= 0. ‘PRESSURE QOEFRCIENTS, Cp __ ENO SURFACES ele[e le efolelefe o [-10 | +03 | -os | «oz as |-o2 | sor | -03 | ear | -o4 | som | +03 | -08 sr f-os | o j-os| o Forel) Fort: CpTop=-1.0, Cp botiom=0.4 c8 | Tango acing ficton: Rage = 0.1Pg bt a15 875 (Part 3) : 2015 ‘Table 13 Pressure Coefficients (Top and Bottom) for Pitched Free Roots, a= 10° with effects of Train or Stored Materials (Clawse 73.33) fe 0.16. Rost lope a = 10° tects of rains or siored meteral @ =O 459, oF 135° 180", 0,06, til lengen. 8 = 90", D, DEE part length. by thereaner p= ial FRR CPST Eo : TAO SURTACES olololele ve elelel> na fea [saw [oz ws [03 [soe |-aa | +03 w= [08 [rot ]-93,| 20 oy | sgn | saa | o# Pal enevwe es spat] rere: Gp Too =-10, Cp tatom=-09 ot ‘Tangertithy ecting felon : Rggr = 0.1 Pybd18 875 (Part 3) 12015 “Table 14 Pressure Coefficients for Troughed Free Roofs, c= 10° (Ctowse733.3) 8 NN NN NN NS NN NS Ss N SS Root slope a = 10° 8207 457,0,0,E.E fillength. ,D, 0: €. E part length. ‘hereafter Cp= 0 (PREGSURE COEFFICIENTS, Cp o | vos | -or | coz | -08 a | o | -oz | -o | -23 oe_|-or | er | or | -0 Frat Fora | port: Cp Top a4. Cpboltom=- 1.5 8 — | Tangentaty acting fricion : Regge =0.10q bd 2B19875 (Part 3) : 2015, ‘Table 15 Pressure Coefficients (Top and Batteas) for Troughed Free Roofs, a= 10° ‘with Effects of Train of Stored Materials (Clause 733.3) at Root slope a = 10" Effects of trains or stored materials. 0 = 0°. 45%, of 135°- 180°, DD: E.£° fulllongth 9 =007,0,0:.5 & part length by thereafier Cp= 0 PRESSURE COEFFIGIENTS, © p Forf: CpTop==1.4. Cp bottom = 08 “Tengentaly acting fiction : Riggr = 0.1 Pg Bd] ry15 875 (Part 3) : 2015 ‘Table 16 External Pressure Coefficients (C,,) for Pitched Roofs of Multispan Buildings (AMT Spans Equal} with f=" (Clawse733.4) V TEU yanecO4w we 208 -o3 |-03 a 08 203 |-03 a1 2 se 03 |-02 a 208 Zou |-02 ROOF ‘wa0 ANGLE ANGLE t b o a 1 2 fey DEGREES JOSGREES UP TOs 0 0 Ea 7-02 Fetal dog: When wind angle 0 vida oes ds tim drag ure allowed for e above vl, ard ‘When wun ange @ = 9° allow fr rica ea in accordance wih 71 NOTE — Evidence oa these bigs emery ac ary deparae rm the cuss given sls iwestinid spec 2515 $75 (Part 3): 2015 Coefficients (C,,) for Saw Tooth Roofs of Multispan Buildings (ANE Spans Equal) with <7" (Clouse 733.4) ‘Table 17 External Pressure ie Pea Ley, Y — Y FIRST LOCAL, Wa. lerstsean|intenwe. |iNTERME- | ENOSTAN | COEFFICIENT, DIATE SPAN [DIATE SPANS ole ele ¢ o |roe o7|-07 +04 |-O8 o2|-01 -03| [sm [256 20853 205 [ome ste [cas “onze [ots nortan forces dust tonal og ae allows fir in above abo sd gold be oven pac Frcional deag: Wes wing angie ‘Wen wind engl 8 = 97, allow fr fitceal dg im avenetznce wit 741. NOTE —_ Evidence on thea buiing I Sugreeiary aad cy depts ven ses ENE 261S 875 (Part 3): 2015, Table 18 External Pressure Coefficients (C,_) for Curved Roofs (Clause 73.3.8} c 9 DOUELE CURVEDROSES, WALUES OF G, Cy ana Cp aay ©] Cy | cp = a1 |-oa| +01 [+005 02 | -09| +03) =o oa |-10| rea fvars ca[-t4] roa] - os | -1.2 var] . NOTE —Whea ihe wind bowie narmal gabe ends Cay be ken 2 ecu 19-0.7 or he fal width ofthe oof ares legs 07 am the Be cos at -3 forthe remain penn. 27Is s7s(Part 015 -quble 19 External Pressure Coefficients Around Cylindrical Structares (Clase 133.7) [pogrioN OF PERIPHERY, © INDEGREES:15.875 (Part 3) : 2013 o2p CaF | = 2 oe 2 gp HELI I TALES OF CORON Cpe) PoRTON RECTION’ | _ BREGTONS . FROW THEDAGIAN creas tists | my Cpesrangints 04 candd ‘Seo Table 8 ‘$00 Claw 832.5 a15 875 (Part3) : 2015 ‘Table 22 External Pressure Coefficients (C,_) for Roofs with x Sky Light (Clause 7.33.10) oer <08 08 D)ROOFS WaTH A SKY LIGHT VALUES OF COEFFICIENTS (Eze) PORTION bree Bisbr 5 sano ‘Sie Table for comtined rook. 7.4 Force Coeficionts The value of force coefficient: (C) apply to building or structure as a whole, and when multiplied by the effective frontal area 4, of the building or structure sand design wind presse, p, gives the total wind load (P) on that particular building or stractare, Pm CA ‘where F is the fovee acting im a diresion specifies in the respective tables and C; isthe foree coefficient for the building, 2 NoTEs 1 Tee vain of the ee eatin ier he vind acing as different aces af w ailing of srucare I order te ‘dtcomine the ciel fous, te tel wind Toad cold ‘ealaed for ec wind dation 2.1 ste design pressor resi right the surice wc Cte baldingiracase say be abide so tak specie ssues ae tae over appre areas, 3 te taped el the fee sete hal be appliedfiersabdvidng be blimps tessa Iumber of rrips and the led om each stip ealeioted indwelling te area a ea ap 2 4" 4 For fore coctcients for srvetares not eovted above fefeence Say te ade specs lesan co he ert of ‘fice may be sons foes speci a Be object18875 (Part) “Table 23 Pressure Coefficients at Top and Bottom Roaf of Grand Stands ‘Open Three Sides (Roof Angle Upto $*) (Clawe 73.3.1 + ajlals oe | = [1a [os soa fo ae [=1o [07 ras [05 ox [-04 =10 [-03) (Tao ae j8 |-03, | -o8 = ‘wy pio) = 20 ae "i= Cpibeten) = "1 B15 875 (Part 3) : 2015 ‘Fable 24 Exteraal Pressure Distribution Coefficients Around Spherieal Structures (Clause 733.12, weve |G) INbecRees = ° oy 8 fos 2 308 2 “84 & 93 s if so 2 105 21 3 tas ts rae 150 sea 1a so3 feo toe ‘ll. Frictional Drag In certain buildings of special shape, a force due to frictional drag shall be taken igo account in ation to thote loads specified in 7.3. For rectangular clad buildings, this addition is necessary only where the ro or c'b ie more than 4. The fictional dag force, #. inthe dictionof the winds given bythe allowing formula: 5) AEB, &-Cid—ah) bp, = Cy (d= 40) 24 Pema by he 8 P= G40) op, + G:(d—48)2hp, The first crm in each case gies the drag onthe roof and the sécond on the walls The value of; fas the fllowing value: » Cf = 0.01 for smooth surfaces without ‘corrugations orribs acrocs the wind direction, C2 = 0.02 for surfaces with eormgations ‘cross the wind direction, and Cf 0.04 for surfaces with ribs across the wind direction, 2 3)‘For other buildings, the frictional drag has bees jndicaned, where necessary, in the tables of pressure coefficieats and fore coefficients 1h Force Coeffielonts for Clad Buildings 4.2.1 Clad buildings of uniform section “The overall farce coefficients for rectangular clad tilings of uniform section with flatroofs in uniform flow shall be as given in Fig. + and for other clad buildings of uniform section (without projections, except where otherwise shown) shall be as given in ‘Table 25. 18.875 (Part3) +2015 [NOTE — Surecares tut we in the sopeeriial ow rie, ‘eemsc ofc Sean dengn wind veloc uy ned Faber ‘Salam to eswore that ie retest outs Go nt occu at fone wind speed below ce asia whe fe flow will be feb critieal The coefficients are for bildisgs without jets, etcge where arise shown. [a able 25, My blouendanindicnson ofthe lela rege. 742.2 Buildings of cirewar shapes Force coefficients for buildings of eireular cross-section shapes shall be as given in Table 25. However more precise estimation of force coefficients for circular shapes of infinite length ean be obtained from Fig. 3 307-—, 2 25 = zo 18 ry ELEVATION epvaen of emus ab foen/ eA Faeyr en 7 z ow 1S 28 25 a ——— by Vater ofCy vorsum a/b forh/b<1 Fio, 4 Force Cosmnicianr ria RECTANGULAR CzAD Burpino in Usiroan Fiow 35875 (Part 3) : 2015 ‘Table 25 Force Coefficients C; for Clad Buildings of Uni (Acting in the Direction af Wind) ones a ae mA ‘UPTO42| 1 Ee = & | ROUGH or WITH or me Ww 26 ia seonn. [conse ae fan af ae pa Site ceal al eal aaee is ~-cEH x aa) [eal eal ae lela = ={\t anaes ra zeta les elaeeaten lee «2 | es [es]oafes[es[os [as me) | “ae |anifoalloall ial eae 36| 18 875 (Part 3): 2015 Table 28 — (Continued) te C)FORMEGHT/eREACTHRATO | } PLAN SHAPE 1 mile | é i s | es : ' nae? 26 mod . <10 O68 os fos] 10] t4] 13 | te —s - 20 os fas|os|os|os|os | os ae fits | 12] ta] 1s a7} os | ov | so} 42 os |o4|os}osjos os | to} at | 12] ta All yates or |ov|aa}as| to} tt | 19 +8 oz |o7|oa}os|1o] 14 | 13 | * <8 oa |os}es}os}os|os | as chet 715 875 (Part 3): 2015 ‘Table 25 — (Comet) ye PLAN SHAPE (Gf FOR HEIGHT BREADTH RAO = Oy | ne, | ER Se TO RPCREE: OP one taking into account the average he roughness «When the length i finite the values ‘obtaiacd from Fig, $ shall be reduced by the ‘multiplication fastor K (zee Table 28 and Annex D). TALS Free standing walls and hoardings Force coefficients for sree standing walls and hoardings shall be as given in Table 26, ‘To allow for oblique winds, the design shal also be checked for net pressure normal ts the strface varying Fineanly from = maximum of 1.7 Cat the windward edge to-0.8 Cat the leeward edge. ‘The wind foad on appurtenances and supports for hoardings shall be accounted for separately by using, the appropriate act pressure coefficients. Allowance shall be made for shielding effects of one clement on another. TARA Solid circular shapes mounted on a nurface The force coeticients for solid circular shapes mounted om a surface shall be as given in Table 27 8 AS Force Coefficients for Unctad Buildings 7.4.3.1 This section applies to permanently unclad buildings and to frameworks of buildings while temporarily tnelad. In the ease of buildings whose surfaces are well-rounded, such asthose with elliptic, cirevlar of oval cross-sections, the total force cam be ‘mare ata wind speed much lest than macs de to transition in the nature of boundary layer oa them, Although this phenomenon is well known it the ease cof circular cylinders. the same phenomenon exists in the case of many other well-rounded structures, and this possibility must be checked, 7.3.2 Indivilucl members ) The force coeficeat given ia Table 29 refers to members of infinite length. For members of finite length, the coefficient chouldbe multiplied by a factor K that depeads onthe ratio ib where isthe length of the member aad bs the width across the direction of wind, Table 28 gives the required values of K, The following special cases must be noted while extimating15875 (Part 3) = 2015 For 3x10‘ Re <0 Ex o so: 42 30: ok wWo2 34588 2 a4 see 2 3 4 set é tos 0: Ee win R, >3 x 10* Kom CuncuLAR SzcriONS ne D ‘Table 26 Force Coefficients for Low Walls or Hoardings (<1Sm High) (Clause 7.4.2.2) = a pecve-cnowne nznzsn ‘or EOE om sinoUND (WIND NORMAL To FACE) wonTOMEGTmToan | ee Wl AeoweaROUNS | wall on aROUD Baus muon af 7% = 2 te a a a = a 60 T 720 71s aque | eon ae 515 875 (Part 3): 2015 1) when any member abuts on toa plate or wall b) Flat-sided mambers — Foree coefficients for wind such away that freeflow fer oundthat sornal to the lonitudinal as of flatsided srvtaral hd ofthe memberis prevented then therat. members shall be as given in Tele 29: of Vy ahall be doubled for the purpose oF Ty force coefficients axe given for two mutually pemeaniies perpendicular directions selative to a reference axis on 2) when both ends of a member afe 50 jhe truceural member. They are denoted by C,-and C, ‘obstructed, the ratio shall be taken as infinity ad give the forcesnormal and transverse respectively, {or tne purpose of determining K. tothe rfernceplanc as shown in Table 29. ‘Table 27 Forec Coefficients for Solid Shapes Mounted on a Surface SOE REVATIO a sneuAR B96 2 _ WEMESOHERICAL BOWL u EMSHERCAL cont oe MeMSeHERICAL sOUD 2 nsFoRY,0<7 SMHERICALSOW | ga0RVE037 Tale 28 Reduction Factor K for individual Members {(Ctanses 7.4.2.2, 743.20)) aie wae = aa a8 o oo © 9 © » a ") Geelarsina ntl iw om 7 ee aos aM Om aay On 100 phe om tm om 0% O91 099 1m Im 15) Foeplperpenetare wis Ghee ae 06 067 om O87 ow 085 Im 01S 875 (Part 3): 2015 4 z Te alae a ee wie ARTEE A noha ae |e ° a eee: ° | B j _YYy = Hyg LA. ra aa ae rie ie | ove elias eer cates eae ie eee |i are] aT say false18875 (Part 015, Nomal free, F,=(Cypg KNB Transverse fore, F,=(C, P.O ¢) Girenar sections —Foree oeMficeats for members ‘of circular section shall be as given in Table 25 sve ‘also Anacx D. 4) Fores soefiicients for wires and cables shall be as ea a ‘SOUDITY RATIO,.© ms ry 3 5 » 2s 3 Fro. 6 Errective Soupery Rano, ron Cmcuuan Bo a is oo 21 1B Secnow Mensers18875 (Part 3):2015 ‘Table 34 Oversil Fores Coefficients for Square Towers Composed of Circular Members [(Ctause 7.4.3.5 (49) ‘SINe ‘Soli ato f Fret Face ove Coetcent * —Siiiellies «Sparta Row (0 fyon lend Dresons At wn Destine a 2 o o 7 eons is os a a 7 ow i) 02 16 in im a 13 4 2 os s 4 wo as is 2 “isolated building, may be assumed as follows, for preliminary estimate of the wind loads under interference caused by another interfering tall building of same or more height located at different zones 21 te Ztas shown in Fig. 8: Zone Zo 2 Bk ia 135128 S07 ‘The interference efTaet dus w buildings of height less thaa one-third of the height of the building under consideration may be considered w be negligible while for interference from building of intermediate height, lincar interpolation may be used between one-thied and full height. 9 DYNAMIC EFFECTS 9.4 General Flexible slender strctunes and structaral elements shall be investigated to ascertain the importance of wind ineuced oscillations or excitations in along wind and serous wind directions, 18875 (Part 3) 32015 ‘In general, the following: guidelines may be used for ‘examining the problems of wind-induced oscillations. 8) Buildings and closed structures with a height ‘9 miaimum lateral dimension ratio of more than about 5.0, oF ‘ b) Buildings and structures whose natural frequency in the first mode is less than 1.0. Ha ‘Any building or structure which satisfies either of the above two criteria shall be examined for dynamic fleets of wind, ores 1 The finden tie psig (7 may ihe be eased by experimen serio: oti ings esi by any rational method of mips In tha absence of mah dana, T may be determined a follows for ul-sond henge For thment resstanl fanes wna cigs shear was cei thelr Sad, Tain — sw sumer of mney ocaing basemen storeys and Dofecal cabs | x Fis, 7 Low-ause Bucones In Tasoen Cassie INrEnesnence Enrect Fig, 8 Isrenrenesce Zones Foe TaLL Reczascutan Buuomas oF Sant ox Gaearex Meroe (CLavse 7.3) 841S 875 (Part3) ; 2015 09H ld vee H tot height of he main srucres of to bing, nm, te risimum tase dimension of balldng in meters in ¢ Srectonponlel inte plied wind fue. 21fpliminary satis india at wind nated cians ‘uc Hkny tobe siputcan, ievenigaons iboald Se prtcd ‘wi the id of entice mehods opera, by meats of ‘Sid tenes ow moda 2 Acros-ied wetions may’ be S16 neal gutines of the ‘wind, unseady wale flow (lr exaenla, vores sheddingh, gatvenesodyrami dumping Sof sematos fhe ‘hen These crmennd masons may beso eri inthe sage fl baliingsavetres -4 Motions inthe iron of mind (now als a baftng) teased by lacing wind fre aeied wits gut. The ‘cciton pens ox gust energy mualabe tthe tase ‘reaueny The ois sod em an puveas body may ince ction inthe dicen OF the wind wa may aa afer eos ind (6 The cesigns should ajo wate of te Zalloming tree ‘ormi of wend-indused mason which are chaacicred by ‘nereading eepliude of osition wth fe incest of ind set 2) Galloping — Gating ie earoverssuitatons of om structure due the Jevcopmont of indore sat which in pie ith the rotons choreceraed Py the propresiively iereasing ampliude of ranacee bran with inceie of wind speed The eroce seams ‘whlch hie garialarly prone to this ype of exciton Joslade te fling 1 Al tractus wh on-court ee 8, sath az ‘Sarees sre, polygons wel at al cemen {Tote abies wd ables wn ce cera Flater — Fate is unstable ouilaory motion af « structure duet coling betwee erstyeane fore hte defornsion of the sirvtare Perhaps the est onion form ic esellaiey motion due ta combined bending nd icon. Albeugh acillaory mation in exch gre recor any be dapes, ality et st {Eto eneey constr om ow mode af ote ation ‘sour andthe soueur i een fo eteste sinned Aivergent otclauows wih « pe of maton whack is tcesbeaion ofthe indivi made of vibation, Sock ‘nex tote kes place whe trates Sequences of ‘Sect nen ediiduly wechoe exchatheriae hag, ‘ypialy ter than 20) Flue ean sett wind seas much less fan thse required fr exe ing te indivi mode of neice Lang igen susprsiom bridge dects oc ny member aa srucoe wits age values of U(wbered ith eng ofthe ember and ss densi pratt ‘o-vindsceam) arepranew low pect iar Wind omeel (Gig rogue to dete crite fuer speeds an th key suc! rexpoese Ofer ype a ater ane ‘ingle degree teedom sal fer, inna fae, ee i) Ovaiog — Thin walled rctines wilh ape ends wane secolivends such o ll serge ti and earn drought ‘sooling towers in which the ratio of the ciameter oe ‘tiie Inerl dinersion te wall hicknest ef he ter af 00 or sore aze prone to avaling wscilanore “These escilions ae chrscenaed by periis taal factor to account for the second order turbulence intensity Level at which action effects Yee Fig.9 Nernst. son Hous arT8875 (Pare 3) 22015 jy = turbulence intensity at height fin terrain cuegory # ‘H, = beight factor for resonance response - Hf) ‘S$ = size reduction factor given by: 1 nial, whore yy ~ average breadth of he buildng/sructure between O and = spect of urbulence in he appeea! ‘ied seam ees (+70.y')* ‘shore A eftetive reduced fequtery = fe - first mode natural frequency of the g/structure in along wind diceetion, ‘design hourly mean wind speed at height, h in.ms (see 6.4) P= damping eseffcieatofthe building’stucture (see Table 36) = peak factoe fr resonant response SMELT EIIAy| Table 36 Sugzested Values of Structural Damping Coefficients (Clause 10.2) s Kina ot Strectoe Daring am Coettoah cy a ° 1) Welded aed amacwes ‘ae 1) Bote seal stnetumeCC mm si) Presmeed conte sats oie 10.2.1 Peak Acceleratlon in Along Wind Direction ‘The peak atccleration at the top of the building’ structure in along wind direction (2 in mi?) is piven by the Coliowing equation: euttean(l = ~ mean deflection at the position where the acceleration is required, Other notations are ‘same as given in 10.2. ‘Fer compatiag the peal acceleration inthe slong wind srection, a mean wind speed at the height of the building/structre, 7, corresponding ta § year mean ‘eturn period shall be used. A reduced value of 0.001 4s also suggested for the structaral damping, B for reinforeed concrete structures. 10.3 Across Wind Response ‘This section gives method for determining equivalent statis wind load and base overumming moment in the cross wind direction for tall enclosed buildings and towers of rectangular eross-saetion, Caleilation of ‘across Wind response isnot required for lati towers, ‘The scross wind design peak base bending moment Mt, for enclosed buildings snd towers shall be ‘Selermined as follows: M,=0.537.6i (1.05 ~0.05..), =a) where A ~ hourly mean wind pressure at height b, in Pa: b= the brendth of the steuctare normal 1 the ‘vin in ms = the beightof the structure, in my; ‘4 = a mode shape power exponent for representation of the fundamental mode shape as represented by: J = Sirstmode natal frequency ofthe building! “sructure fn across wind direction, in Hi. ‘The across wind load distribution on the building! structure can be obtained from Lf, using linear ae ?) ‘Typical values of tke mode shape power expanent, & ares follows: 8} uniform cantilever, E15 by slender framed structure (moment resisting), ot 05 02 01 a.00s onc2 008 CROSSWIND FORCE SPECTRUM COEFFICIENT (C fg) ag001 Legere: = Turtulonce intensity of 0.12 at 23h 15 875 (Part3) = 2015. resisting fagade, k= 44) latice tower decreasing in stiffness with height, or a tower with a large mass at the top. £= 23 across wind force spectrum coefficient generalized fora linear mode. (see Fig. 10 and Fig. 11). damping coeficien ofthe buildingsructure (see Table36). dn, ~ the average mass per unit height of the structure in, kg/m. 10.4 Combination of Along Wind and Across Wind Load Effects The along wind sad asross wind loads have to be applied simultaneously on the bilding/strucare during design 6 0° 2 4 16 Rano Ze = Tordenes inteney of 0.20 8 2" Fis. 10 Vavues oF Tei Cross Wind Fosce Sreemeus Cormciest Fos SQUARE Ssciox Bur.omwos 01S 875 (Part 3) : 2015 ot ons 0.02 ao 0.008. 9.002. 0.001 CROSSWIND FORCE SPECTRUM COEFFICIENT (6 fg) 2.0001 o 2 4 68 8 0 2 4 16 Vad Rano Fe Logene: — Tuan inary of 0.12 38 2/99 +> Turbuhonee inesnsty of 020 at 273 Fic. 11 VALUES oF The Caoss When Fonce Sractnun Comrricunwe os 2:1 a 1:2 Recuncutae Seenen Buivsinet 3018875 (Part 3) 2015 BASIC WIND SPEED AT 10m HEIGHT FOR SOME IMPORTANT CITIES [TOWNS CiyrTown Agra ‘Abmedabod Aimer Almora Amritsar Asansot Aurangabad Bahraich Bengalura Braun Bareilly ‘hatinds Bhilai hapa Bhubaneshwar Bhyj Bikaner Bokaro ‘Chandigart ‘Chennai ‘Coimbatore Cuttack Darbhanga Darjeeling Debra Delhi Durgapur Gangtok Gunahath Gays Gorakhpur Hyderabad Inaphal Jabalpur Jaipur Jamshedpur Jhansi Jodhpur ANNEX A (Clause 6.2) Basic wind Speed | City'Town ait 7 Kanpur » Kohima 7 Kolkata 7 Kozhikode a7 Kursool 7 Lakshadweep Fo Lacknove 47 Ludhiana 33 Madurai a Mandi 47 Maogaloce 7 Moradabad 39 Murai ou Mysore 30 ‘Nagpur si Naistal 7 Nasik 4 Nellore a Paajim 30 Patiala 39 Patra 30 Pudocherry 35 Port Blair 7 Pune 7 Raipur 7 Raho a7 Ranchi 7 Roorkee 0 Rourkela » Shiela aT Srinagar “4 Sure a7 Tirwcirappalli aT Trivandeuen AT ‘Udaipur 47 Vadodara aT varanasi ar Vijayanads Ey Vishakapatnam Basic wind Speed mis a “4 0 co 39 39 a a 39 » 39 a7 “4 3 “4 a 39 0 39 4a a 0 4 39 39 39 39 39 7” 39 39 4a a 33 a 4 a7 50 50IS 87S (Part 3) 2015, ANNEX B [Clause 63.2 4 Mii] (CHANGES IN TERRAIN CATEGORIES B-1 LOW TO HIGH TERRAIN CATEGORY NUMBER In cases of transition from 2 low terrain category ‘number (corresponding toa low terrain roughness) to a higher terrain category number (comesponding 10-2 rougher terrain), the velocity profile over the rougher terrain shall be determined as follows: a) Below height &,, the velocities shall be determined in relation to the roughes terain; and Above he the velocities shall be ‘efermined in relation to the less rough (more sista) terrain B-2 HIGH TO LOW TERRAIN CATEGORY NUMBER y Incases of trznstion from a more rough to alessxough terrain, the velocity profile shall be determined ss follows: 8) Above height djs the velocities shall be etermined in accordance with the rougher (qoore distant) terrain, and Below height A, the velocity shall be taken 1 the leer ofthe following: 1) thet determined ia agcordance with the Jess rough tera, and. ‘he velocity atheight A, as determined in relation to the rougher terrain NOTE — Beanpies of deurminzbn of velocity poten i te vient of change i tern Snare dha a Tigh 128s 12% 8.3 MORE THAN ONE CATEGORY ‘Terrain changes involving more than one eategory shall bbetreated similar way to that described in B-1 and B-2 NOTE — Exusples valving thre terrain categoees we shown Fig. He » a CATEGORY 2 CATEGORY 4 x42 FETCH, hy = HEIGHT EGR CATEGORY 4 PROFILE FOR PROFILE FoR: DESIGN PROF! GRTEGORY 4 CATEGORY 2 LEATA s) DETERMINATION OF VELOCITY PROFILE NEAR ACHANGE IN TERRAM CATEGORY (Less cougl ts mare gh) Fic. 12 Vetocry Prorites ov rau Vicrwry or « Cxance nv Tensamn Carscory 218.575 (Part 3): 2015 FETCH, hy= HEIGHT FOR CATEGORY 2 PROFILE FOR CATEGORY 4 PROFILE FOR CATEGORY 2 ESIGN PROFILE ATA WING_OIRECTION CATEGORY 4 CATEGORY 2 x2 1) Determination of Velety Profle Near a Charge in Tern Catagory (Move rough io less roushi) haa X4= FETCH, hl = HEIGHT FOR CATEGORY & x1 = FETCH, by = HEIGHT FOR CATEGORY 1 WING OIRECTION A 8 CATEGORY 3. |CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 4 xq Lexy HEIGHT vELocrTY veLociry ‘VELOCITY PROFILE FOR CATEGORY 4 \VELOGITY PROFILE FOR CATEGORY 3 —-—— _ VELOCITY PROFILE FOR CATEGORY 1 ESIGN PROFILE ©) Dotemination of Qasign Profs invehing more than Onw Change in Terain Catagory Fic. 12 Vingeny Prorns nonin: Viewrrt oF 4 Citasce iy Tennant Carecony 3315 875 (Part3) 12015 ANNEX € (Clause 63.3.1) EFFECT OF A CLIFF OR ESCARPMENT ON EQUIVALENT HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (&, FACTOR) CAI The influence of the topographic feature considered to extend 1.5 L, upwind and 25 L, iownwind ofthe summit of eres of the festre where 1 isthe effecdvehorioatal length ofthekill depending 8 slope as indicated below (see Fig. 13)- Slope h #<0s17 zh a2 iP Zi03 where 1 ~ sul ing fhe upwind slope wind rection, 2 ~ effective height of the topography feature, and = upwind slope in the wind direction. Imease the zone in downwind side of the crest of the feature is relatively flat (0, < 3°) for a distance cxceeding 1, then the feature should he treated as x escarpment. Otherwise the feature should be treated asaill acridge. Examples of typical feaures are given inFig. 13. ‘NOTES UN diermee i mate, in evaluating & between a three stension hand two dhesnoeal ge, 2 Insedlting ain, itis of nipusble decide whether the local ipoyraphy 0 be ses ignifcan ines af wind ‘ox Insunhcar, he areage value af exein upwind of ‘ete fora dance af Slenshuld betas a he ate eve ‘for wind mages the eg, Z, ad he upwind age 8, of ‘te fakes, C2 TOPOGRAPHY FACTOR, k, ‘The iopograpihy factor fis given by the following: 4 = 1s, ‘where C bas the following values: Slope c wcasir 2a) e217 036 and 5, is a fictor derived in accordance with C-2.1 ‘appropriate to the height, 1’ above mean ground level nd the distance, x, from the summit of crest relative 1o the effective lensth, Le ©-2.1 The factor, s should be determined from: 8) Fig. 1 fori and escarpments, and 1b) Fig. 15 for ridges and bills NOTE —WNEIs the dewnorind dope of wil 9 ge J more thas, tere will lange sens of reduced neceertions ses ail an it sat some ore general design es {ate for dhecestcumssinees,loeso! fom Fig. 139 (eed upper bane rales REGION AFFECTED BY TOPOGRAHICAL FEATURE 43 (a) GENERAL NOTATIONS:IS 875 (Pare): 2015 Aes crest wr cvenDMmRT SLOPES — END DOWNVEND SLOPE <3" = fA, = 18 (B) HILL AND RIDGE 43 (¢) CLIFF AND ESCARPMENT Fig, 13 Tonagrarmcat Dnurnsions CREST GREST a 10 15 pownwinn le Fic. 15 Factor $708 Curr axo Escananamer 5518875 (Part 3): 2615 ANNEX D (Clauses 742.2, 7.4.3.2 and 7.4.3.3) WIND FORCE ON CIRCULAR SECTIONS D-I The wind force on any object i given by: FOC AD, where Gy = force coefficient, A, = effective area of the object aormal to the ind direction, and py ~ design pressure of the wind, For most shapes, the force coefficient remains ‘approximately constant over the whole sage of wind speeds likely to be encountered. However, for object: pfeireular cross-section, itwaries considerably, Fora circular section, the free coefficient dependsn the way in which the wind flows around it and i epencent upon the velocity and kinemat of the wind and diameter of the section. The force ‘efficient is usually quoted against a non-dimensional parameter, called the Reynolds number, which takes into aseount ofthe velocity and viscosity ofthe lowing, medium (ia this case the wind), and the member ameter. Reynolds number, Re= DF, where D = diameter of the member h sdesign hourly mean wind speed Kinematic viseosity of the ait which is 146 + 10% mls at 15°C and standard atmospheric pressure. Since in most natural environments likely to be found in India, the kinematic viseosity of the air is fairly constant itis convenient io use DF, asthe parameter instead of Reynolds number aad this has been done in this code, ‘Thedqpeadence ofa circularsection’s force coefficient -on Reysolds number is duc o the change in the wake ‘developed behind the body. at low Reynolds number, the wake i as shown in 6 and the force eoeficent is typically 12As Reynolds namber is increased, the wake gradually changes to that shown in Fig 17; thats the wake wich decreases and the separation point denoted 3s sp, moves trom trontts the hack of the bod ‘As sresul the force coefficient shows a rapid drop at dw ro 16 Was 14 Sun Cumcat Feow sp de Pio. 17 Waxuan Sura Creal Fuaw 4 critical value of Reynolds number followed by a ‘gradual rise as Reynolds number is ineressed still further, ‘The variation of with parameter BV, is shown in Fig. 5 for infinitely long cireular cylinders having ‘various valuesof relative surface roughness (e/} when subjected to wind having an intensity and scale of turbulence pica of buileup urhan area, The curve for a smooth cylinder (e/D) = 1» 10-*in a sea air scam, 5 found in low-urbulenee wand tunnel i Alt shown for comparison 1H cam be soem thatthe main effect of free-sream turboleace is to deseease the critical value of the parameter D7. or suberiteal flows, turbulence can Produce 4 considerable eduction in C below the steady sinsteam values. For superesitical owas this effet Ifthe surface ofthe cylinders deliberately roughened such as by incorporating flutes, riveted consiruction, ce, then the data given in Fig. § fo sppropriate value of D> 0 shall be used. NOTE — tn coe of unsersny ezrin the vie of tobe ‘ad fr snl eoghnes, /D shal Be taken 010%18 875 (Part 3): 2015 ANNEX E. (Foreword) COMMITTEE COMPOSITION (Excluding Water Resources Development Division) Sections! Cossmittee, CED 37 Organization Represents) In personal especy (80, SRP Cology. Pavel, Chemmat 600 087) The N Luscames (Chalom) ‘Atamic Eneray Regulatory Board, Mumbai Su LR Bena, ‘Sis AD, Roan (rma) ‘Bhat Heavy Elec Limited, New Delhi Si 5. 3. Me Coma Bulising Resch fetnne (CSIR). Roorkee Contra ety Auth, New Deli Conta Pub: Weeks Deparment, New Bet Cental Water Commision, New De Engineer Caio: Branch (MES), NewDethh Engines Inds Lite New Dei Garmce: edia Limited. Markt Ina Ist of Teehotony Massa, CRenai Init Inte of Techrslogy Kanpur, Komp lncianIntinse of Technology Reore, Rooter Indian Neirlogcal Deparment, New Dei MN. Dastur & Company Limited, Kallas MECON Linited, Rocchi Miomy of Sipping, Rous Trunport & Highways, Mew Del Muncipal Coporation of Grenier Mamba, Mutat Nacional Aaidings Conon Coporaion tamed, New Bela atonal Counel fo Coment and Hedin Nasr, Balaban avo Thermal Rout Cororation, Nowa Reseach, Desens & Standnls Oramiztion. Lavkoow RITES Lite, Gups0n Sista Empowering Research Canc (CSR), Cheana eA Pawcer ‘De Rass Deoens (Aber) Som RB Wau ‘Se 8K. Rey Cann (Arnaz) Siw A. Gass ‘Sim Rowe Kea (dlemai) Dusee CAM (EAN) ‘Dasctot CBMon (NAW) (aerate) Bec Succi Ris ‘Sime .K. Jat rman) ‘So Yeu Kena ‘Ste Sum Quart (ere) Sim 8. Disein ‘Sh Anis Y Miawaoec lena) be Dra Mcion ‘Dy A Me Push (tema) Dr Prmu Kua De Sater (Alera) ‘Sm K. Raia ‘Sm A. Das Gur ‘Stns Sra is (arma ‘Sw, Oran Sv ‘Sim AL Boo (erie) ‘Se 8, Ra ‘Sh Sask Kena, SE 9) (rma) Deputy Municipal Cnmisiones (ENG) ‘iy Engineer (Ahern) Sie Rana Bes ‘Sims BF Se Clima) ‘Sm ¥, Anos ‘Sia 5. Shaun (ern) ‘San Ht Kiawe ‘Siu Mieen Aus (rermae) Josot Ditester Stade (2S) {TE Discie Ss (AS) SDA (Ahernee) Seu Asior Kent Marnie aS, Seat Rover Da F. Hany (Avra) ‘TCH Consulting Engines Lined, Mumba: Si AL Ma ‘Si A. Durt (terme) “The lesion of Eases fod) Le, New Delhi Sis KB Raw, 3718 875 (Part 3) : 2015 In personal capac, (F-12F, Sanjay Nigar, GAssinbad 201 00!) Sum S. Adan in personal espaciy, (42 Davhhanli dparimens, Sem GP. Lams New Bela 110 AT9) 1 personal capacity, (62, Chil Linen, Roorkee 247 $67) Di Phe Kosmos BIS Directoste General Shri DL Asuawat, Somes *F and Hao (Crem, Bos) [Represening Director Grneral (Eafe) Member Secretaries Shei §. Cuaron Sowaur "F (Coat Exc), BIS aad Shei 8. Av Kesar Scmmrar °C (Ch Eno), BIS 38(Continued from second cover) ) Provisions wo account for cffects of directionality, area averaging and comelation of pressures on the design wind pressure have been included. 2) Guidetines ta account for the wind induced interference for tall buildings end low rise buildings have been included far use in preliminary design. It is however reconsmended to carry out detailed boundary layer wind tunnel testv‘CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) studies fir final design. of imaportant structures. 1) In the Gust Factor Methed far evaluating along wind response, equations have been suggested for ‘background factor, size reduction factor, energy ratio and lengit scale of turbulence. DA method for computing across wind response Of tall buildings and lattice towers, which isin line with some ofthe Intemational codes of practice, has been included. “The Committee observed that there has been a growing awareness among the consultants, scademicians,researebers and practice engineers for design ane construction of wind sensitive structures. inorder to augment the available limited good quality meteorotogical wind dara and structural response daa, itis necessary t0 conduct fall scale _mecasurements i the ficld. Thus as cmphasized.inthe previous revision, all individuals end organizations responsible for puiting-up of tall siruchwes are encouraged lo provide instrumentation io their existing and new structures {tansmission towers, chimneys, cooling towers, buildings, etc) at different elevations (atleast at two levels) to continously measure and monitor wind data. The instruments are required to collect data on wind dircction, wind speed and structural response of the structure due to Wied (with the help of accelerometer, train gwuges, exe), tis algo the opinion of the Committe that sue instrumentation in tall stuetures shall not in any way affect ‘or alter the functional behaviour of such structures. The data so collected shall be very valuable in evolving more aceurate wind loading of structures, “The Committee responsible for the formulation ofthis standard has taken into account the prevailing practice in regard to loading standards followed in this couniry by the various authorities and has also taken note of the developments in a number of ouker countries. It the formulation ofthis code, the following overseas standards have also been examined 2) BS EN 1991-1-4:2005 Eurocode 1: Actions om structures — Part In4: General actions — Wind actions ) Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard ASINZS 1170.2:2002 Stmotural design actions, Part 2: Wind actions ©) ASCE 7.05 American Standard Building Code Requirements for Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures 6) AU) 2004— Architecture Insitute of Japan (ALJ) Recomméndations for Loads oa Buildings. “The composition ofthe Committee responsible forthe formulation af this Code is given at Annex E. For the purpace of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, tkefinal value observed or calculated, expressing the result ofa testor analysis, shall be rounded off'in accordance with IS 2- 1960 “Rules for rounding off numerical values {revised)". The number of significant places retained in the rounded off valus chould te the same as that of specified value in this standard,‘Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution cstablished under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote hacmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goads and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright [BIS has the copyright of all its publications, No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the fee use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symipols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards ‘Amcadments arc issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. 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