Shopping List

A shopping list is a list of items needed to be purchased by a shopper. Consumers often compile
a shopping list of groceries to purchase on the next visit to the grocery store. The list may be
compiled immediately before the shopping trip or incrementally as shopping needs arise
throughout the week. The shopping list itself may be a scrap piece of paper or something more
elaborate. There are pads with magnets for keeping an incremental list available at the home,
typically on the refrigerator. Any magnetic clip with scraps of paper can be used to achieve the
same result. There is a device that dispenses a strip of paper from a roll for use in a shopping list.
Some shopping carts come with a small clipboard to fit shopping lists on.

Home computers enable consumers to print their own custom list so that items are simply
checked off instead of written down or they can manage the list completely on the computer with
custom shopping list software. PDAs eliminate the need for a paper list completely and may be
used to aid comparison shopping. Online software exists to manage shopping lists from
cellphone as well the web. Electronic commerce websites typically provide a shopping list online
for repeat shoppers at the site.

Incremental lists typically have no structure and new items are added to the bottom of the list as
they come up. If the list is compiled immediately before use, it can be organized by store layout
(e.g. frozen foods are grouped together on the list) to minimize time in the store. Preprinted lists
can be similarly organized.

Some studies show approximately 40% of grocery shoppers use shopping lists, while other
studies show 6167% use lists. Of the items listed, 80% were purchased. However, listed items
only accounted for 40% of total items purchased. Use of shopping lists clearly impact shopping
behaviour. "Written shopping lists significantly reduce average expenditure.

Use of shopping lists may be correlated to personality types. There are "demographic differences
between list and non list shoppers; the former are more likely to be female, while the latter are
more likely to be childless."

Shopping with a list is a commonly employed behavioral weight loss guideline designed to
reduce food purchases and therefore food consumption. Studies are divided on the effectiveness
of this technique.[7][8]

Remembering a shopping list is a standard experiment in psychology.

There are surviving examples of Roman shopping lists.

Command

In computing, a command is a directive to a computer program acting as an interpreter of some

kind, in order to perform a specific task. Most commonly a command is either a directive to
some kind of command-line interface, such as a shell, or an event in a graphical user interface
triggered by the user selecting an option in a menu.

Specifically, the term command is used in imperative computer languages. These languages are
called this, because statements in these languages are usually written in a manner similar to the
imperative mood used in many natural languages. If one views a statement in an imperative
language as being like a sentence in a natural language, then a command is generally like a verb
in such a language.

Many programs allow specially formatted arguments, known as flags or options, which modify
the default behaviour of the command, while further arguments describe what the command acts
on. Comparing to a natural language: the flags are adverbs, whilst the other arguments are
objects.

Greeting Card
A greeting card is an illustrated piece of card or high quality paper featuring an expression of
friendship or other sentiment. Although greeting cards are usually given on special occasions
such as birthdays, Christmas or other holidays, they are also sent to convey thanks or express
other feelings. Greeting cards, usually packaged with an envelope, come in a variety of styles.
There are both mass-produced as well as handmade versions that are distributed by hundreds of
companies large and small. While typically inexpensive, more elaborate cards with die-cuts or
glued-on decorations may be more expensive.

Hallmark Cards and American Greetings are the two largest producers of greeting cards in the
world today (both are U.S-based companies).

In Western countries and increasingly in other societies, many people traditionally mail
seasonally themed cards to their friends and relatives in December. Many service businesses also
send cards to their customers in this season, usually with a universally acceptable non-religious
message such as "happy holidays" or "season's greetings".

The Greeting Card Association is an international trade organization representing the interests of
greeting card and stationery manufacturers. John Beeder, former president of the Greeting Card
Association, says greeting cards are effective tools to communicate important feelings to people
you care about: "Anyone feels great when they receive an unexpected card in the mail. For me,
theres nothing like a greeting card to send a special message. Im proud to be a part of an
industry that not only keeps people connected, but uses both imagery and the power of words to
help us express our emotions.